Update README.md
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by ParthChat1802 - opened
README.md
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- pharma
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- medical
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- domain-specific
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pipeline_tag: text-generation
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---
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# PharmaGPT-336M
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A **336M parameter GPT** language model trained **entirely from scratch** on 200K synthetic pharmaceutical documents across 6 domains.
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No pre-trained weights
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| Architecture | Decoder-only Transformer (GPT) |
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| Embedding Dim | 1024 |
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| Attention Heads | 16 |
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| Layers | 24 |
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| Context Length | 1024 |
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| Vocabulary | 32,000 tokens (custom BPE) |
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| Positional Encoding | Rotary (RoPE) |
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| Normalization | RMSNorm |
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| Activation | SwiGLU |
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| Val Loss | 0.4985 |
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| Perplexity | 1.65 |
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## Pharma Domains Covered
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1. **Manufacturing Deviation Reports** β equipment failures, process excursions, root cause analysis, CAPA
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2. **Batch Production Records** β raw materials, process steps, yield, disposition
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3. **SOP Q&A** β cleaning validation, environmental monitoring, aseptic processing, water systems
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4. **Stability Studies** β ICH Q1A conditions, assay trending, shelf life prediction
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5. **Pharmacovigilance (ICSR)** β adverse event narratives, WHO-UMC causality assessment
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6. **Scientific Writing** β formulation development, DoE, analytical methods, results sections
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## Architecture
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Uses modern architectural choices from Llama / Mistral:
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- **RoPE** (Rotary Positional Embeddings) β encodes relative position
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- **RMSNorm** β faster, simpler alternative to LayerNorm
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- **SwiGLU** β gated activation function
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- **No bias** in linear layers
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- **Weight tying** between token embedding and output projection
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## Training
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- **Data**: 200K synthetic pharmaceutical samples (~32M tokens) generated with domain-specific templates
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- **Tokenizer**: Custom BPE (32K vocab) trained on the pharma corpus
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- **Optimizer**: AdamW (b1=0.9, b2=0.95, weight decay=0.1)
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- **Schedule**: Cosine LR decay with 500-step linear warmup
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- **Hardware**: Kaggle T4 GPU, 15K iterations across multiple sessions
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- **Precision**: float16 mixed precision with gradient checkpointing
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## Usage
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```python
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import torch
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from tokenizers import Tokenizer
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from model import GPT, GPTConfig
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ckpt = torch.load("best_model.pt", map_location="cpu", weights_only=False)
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model = GPT(ckpt["model_config"])
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model.load_state_dict(ckpt["model"])
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model.eval()
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tok = Tokenizer.from_file("tokenizer/tokenizer.json")
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prompt = "<|deviation|>\nDuring manufacturing of Batch B-NDL-2026"
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ids = torch.tensor([tok.encode(prompt).ids])
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print(tok.decode(
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```
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## License
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Apache 2.0
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- pharma
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- medical
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- domain-specific
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- rope
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- rmsnorm
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- swiglu
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- synthetic-data
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pipeline_tag: text-generation
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model-index:
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- name: PharmaGPT-336M
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results:
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- task:
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type: text-generation
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name: Text Generation
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metrics:
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- name: Validation Loss
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type: loss
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value: 0.3748
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- name: Perplexity
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type: perplexity
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value: 1.45
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- name: Training Loss
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type: loss
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value: 0.3748
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---
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# PharmaGPT-336M
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A **336M parameter GPT** language model trained **entirely from scratch** on 200K synthetic pharmaceutical documents across 6 manufacturing domains.
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**No pre-trained weights. No fine-tuning. Every component built from scratch**: custom BPE tokenizer, full transformer architecture (RoPE + RMSNorm + SwiGLU), training loop, and evaluation pipeline.
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> **Paper**: [ArXiv preprint (coming soon)]()
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> **Blog**: [Medium article (coming soon)]()
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> **Code**: Included in this repository
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---
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## Quick Start
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```python
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import torch
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from tokenizers import Tokenizer
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# Download model files from this repo, then:
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ckpt = torch.load("best_model.pt", map_location="cpu", weights_only=False)
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# Reconstruct model from saved config
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from model import GPT # model.py included in this repo
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model = GPT(ckpt["model_config"])
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model.load_state_dict(ckpt["model"])
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model.eval()
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# Load tokenizer
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tok = Tokenizer.from_file("tokenizer/tokenizer.json")
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# Generate pharmaceutical text
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prompt = "<|deviation|>\nDuring manufacturing of Batch B-NDL-2026"
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ids = torch.tensor([tok.encode(prompt).ids])
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output = model.generate(ids, max_new_tokens=200, temperature=0.8, top_k=50)
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print(tok.decode(output[0].tolist()))
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```
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### Generation with Different Domains
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```python
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prompts = {
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"deviation": "<|deviation|>\nDuring routine inspection of the tablet coating line",
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"batch_record": "<|batch_record|>\nBATCH PRODUCTION RECORD\nProduct: Metformin HCl 500mg Tablets",
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"sop": "<|sop|>\nSOP-ENV-205 | Environmental Monitoring Program",
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"stability": "<|stability_study|>\nSTABILITY STUDY REPORT\nProduct: Adalimumab 40mg/0.8mL",
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"pharmacovigilance": "<|icsr|>\nA 72-year-old female patient with history of diabetes",
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"scientific": "<|scientific_paper|>\nObjective: To evaluate the impact of granulation",
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}
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for domain, prompt in prompts.items():
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ids = torch.tensor([tok.encode(prompt).ids])
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out = model.generate(ids, max_new_tokens=150, temperature=0.8, top_k=50)
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print(f"\n{'='*60}\n[{domain.upper()}]\n{'='*60}")
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print(tok.decode(out[0].tolist()))
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```
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---
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## Model Details
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| Property | Value |
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|---|---|
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| **Parameters** | 336,380,928 (336M) |
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| **Architecture** | Decoder-only Transformer (GPT) |
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| **Embedding Dimension** | 1024 |
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| **Attention Heads** | 16 |
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| **Layers** | 24 |
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| **Context Length** | 512 tokens |
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| **Vocabulary** | 32,000 tokens (custom BPE) |
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| **Positional Encoding** | Rotary (RoPE), base=10000 |
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| **Normalization** | RMSNorm (Ξ΅=1e-6) |
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| **Activation** | SwiGLU (FFN hidden=2752) |
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| **Bias** | None (all linear layers) |
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| **Weight Tying** | Embedding β LM Head |
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| **Dropout** | 0.1 |
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### Architecture Highlights
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This model implements the same architectural innovations found in LLaMA/Mistral, all coded from scratch:
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- **RoPE** (Rotary Positional Embeddings) β encodes relative position through rotation of Q/K vectors
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- **RMSNorm** β faster, simpler alternative to LayerNorm (no mean subtraction)
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- **SwiGLU** β gated feed-forward network with Swish activation
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- **No bias** in any linear layer β modern simplification
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- **Weight tying** β token embedding and output projection share parameters
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- **Pre-norm** architecture β normalize before attention/FFN, not after
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---
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## Training Details
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| Parameter | Value |
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|---|---|
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| **Optimizer** | AdamW (Ξ²β=0.9, Ξ²β=0.95, wd=0.1) |
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| **Learning Rate** | 2e-4 (peak), cosine decay |
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| **Warmup** | 500 steps (linear) |
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| **Batch Size** | 8 micro Γ 4 grad accum = 32 effective |
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| **Iterations** | 15,000 |
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| **Precision** | float16 mixed precision |
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| **Gradient Clipping** | 1.0 (global norm) |
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| **Gradient Checkpointing** | Enabled |
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| **Hardware** | NVIDIA T4 (16GB), Kaggle free tier |
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| **Training Time** | ~9 hours |
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| **Cost** | $0 (free compute) |
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### Training Results
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| Metric | Value |
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|---|---|
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| Final Training Loss | 0.3748 |
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| Best Validation Loss | 0.3748 |
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| Validation Perplexity | 1.45 |
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| Tokens Processed | ~245M |
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*Note: Low perplexity reflects the structured/templated nature of synthetic training data. Real-world pharmaceutical text would yield higher perplexity.*
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---
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## Training Data: 6 Pharmaceutical Domains
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The model was trained on 200K synthetic documents (~32M tokens) generated across six pharmaceutical manufacturing domains:
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### 1. Manufacturing Deviation Reports (~33K samples)
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Equipment failures, process excursions, out-of-specification results, root cause analysis (Ishikawa, 5-Why), CAPA documentation following ICH Q10.
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### 2. Batch Production Records (~33K samples)
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Raw material dispensing, process step documentation, in-process controls, critical process parameters (CPPs), yield calculations, lot disposition decisions.
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### 3. Standard Operating Procedures (~33K samples)
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Cleaning validation, environmental monitoring, aseptic processing, water system maintenance (WFI, PW), equipment qualification β in Q&A format.
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### 4. Stability Studies (~33K samples)
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ICH Q1A(R2) study designs, accelerated (40Β°C/75% RH) and long-term (25Β°C/60% RH) conditions, assay trending, degradation products, shelf-life determination.
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### 5. Pharmacovigilance Case Reports (~33K samples)
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Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs), adverse event narratives, MedDRA coding, WHO-UMC causality assessment (certain/probable/possible/unlikely).
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### 6. Scientific Writing (~33K samples)
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Formulation development, Design of Experiments (DoE), analytical method development/validation, dissolution studies, results and discussion sections.
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---
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## Special Tokens
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| Token | Purpose | Example Use |
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|---|---|---|
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| `<\|deviation\|>` | Start of deviation report | Triggers investigation-style generation |
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| `<\|batch_record\|>` | Start of batch record | Triggers manufacturing record format |
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+
| `<\|sop\|>` | Start of SOP document | Triggers procedural/Q&A format |
|
| 187 |
+
| `<\|stability_study\|>` | Start of stability study | Triggers ICH-compliant study format |
|
| 188 |
+
| `<\|icsr\|>` | Start of pharmacovigilance case | Triggers adverse event narrative |
|
| 189 |
+
| `<\|scientific_paper\|>` | Start of scientific writing | Triggers academic/research style |
|
| 190 |
+
| `<\|end\|>` | End of document | Marks document boundary |
|
| 191 |
+
|
| 192 |
+
---
|
| 193 |
+
|
| 194 |
+
## Repository Contents
|
| 195 |
+
|
| 196 |
+
```
|
| 197 |
+
βββ best_model.pt # Full checkpoint (model weights + config + metadata)
|
| 198 |
+
βββ config.json # Architecture specification (JSON)
|
| 199 |
+
βββ tokenizer/
|
| 200 |
+
β βββ tokenizer.json # Trained BPE tokenizer (32K vocab)
|
| 201 |
+
βββ model.py # Complete model source code (GPT + all components)
|
| 202 |
+
βββ tokenizer.py # Tokenizer training/loading utilities
|
| 203 |
+
βββ README.md # This file
|
| 204 |
```
|
| 205 |
|
| 206 |
+
### Loading Without `model.py`
|
| 207 |
+
|
| 208 |
+
If you want to inspect the architecture without running the custom code:
|
| 209 |
+
|
| 210 |
+
```python
|
| 211 |
+
import torch, json
|
| 212 |
+
|
| 213 |
+
# Load config
|
| 214 |
+
with open("config.json") as f:
|
| 215 |
+
config = json.load(f)
|
| 216 |
+
print(config)
|
| 217 |
+
# {'vocab_size': 32000, 'n_embd': 1024, 'n_head': 16, 'n_layer': 24, ...}
|
| 218 |
+
|
| 219 |
+
# Load checkpoint metadata
|
| 220 |
+
ckpt = torch.load("best_model.pt", map_location="cpu", weights_only=False)
|
| 221 |
+
print(f"Keys: {ckpt.keys()}")
|
| 222 |
+
print(f"Val loss: {ckpt.get('best_val_loss')}")
|
| 223 |
+
print(f"Iteration: {ckpt.get('iter_num')}")
|
| 224 |
+
```
|
| 225 |
|
| 226 |
+
---
|
| 227 |
+
|
| 228 |
+
## Intended Use
|
| 229 |
+
|
| 230 |
+
### Primary Use Cases
|
| 231 |
+
- **Educational**: Understanding how modern GPT architectures work end-to-end
|
| 232 |
+
- **Research baseline**: Starting point for pharmaceutical NLP research
|
| 233 |
+
- **Template generation**: Generating draft pharmaceutical document structures
|
| 234 |
+
- **Domain adaptation**: Fine-tuning on real pharmaceutical data for production use
|
| 235 |
+
|
| 236 |
+
### Out-of-Scope Uses
|
| 237 |
+
- **Clinical decision-making**: This model generates plausible but NOT factually verified content
|
| 238 |
+
- **Regulatory submissions**: Generated text requires expert review and verification
|
| 239 |
+
- **Production deployment without validation**: The model was trained on synthetic data only
|
| 240 |
+
- **General-purpose chat**: This is a domain-specific completion model, not a chatbot
|
| 241 |
+
|
| 242 |
+
---
|
| 243 |
+
|
| 244 |
+
## Limitations and Risks
|
| 245 |
+
|
| 246 |
+
| Limitation | Impact | Mitigation |
|
| 247 |
+
|---|---|---|
|
| 248 |
+
| Synthetic training data | May generate structurally correct but factually wrong content | Always verify with domain experts |
|
| 249 |
+
| 336M parameters | Limited reasoning and knowledge capacity | Use as starting point, not final solution |
|
| 250 |
+
| English only | Cannot process multilingual pharmaceutical docs | Extend training data for other languages |
|
| 251 |
+
| No instruction tuning | Cannot follow complex instructions | Fine-tune with instruction data |
|
| 252 |
+
| Context length (512) | Cannot process long documents in one pass | Chunk documents or extend context |
|
| 253 |
+
|
| 254 |
+
### Ethical Considerations
|
| 255 |
+
- Generated pharmaceutical content should NEVER be used for actual drug manufacturing without expert review
|
| 256 |
+
- The model may reproduce biases present in the synthetic data templates
|
| 257 |
+
- Not intended as a replacement for qualified pharmaceutical professionals
|
| 258 |
+
|
| 259 |
+
---
|
| 260 |
+
|
| 261 |
+
## Citation
|
| 262 |
+
|
| 263 |
+
If you use PharmaGPT in your research, please cite:
|
| 264 |
+
|
| 265 |
+
```bibtex
|
| 266 |
+
@misc{chaturvedi2026pharmagpt,
|
| 267 |
+
title={PharmaGPT: A Domain-Specific Language Model for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Intelligence Trained from Scratch on Synthetic Data},
|
| 268 |
+
author={Chaturvedi, Parth},
|
| 269 |
+
year={2026},
|
| 270 |
+
howpublished={\url{https://huggingface.co/ParthChat1802/PharmaGPT-336M}},
|
| 271 |
+
}
|
| 272 |
+
```
|
| 273 |
+
|
| 274 |
+
---
|
| 275 |
+
|
| 276 |
+
## Technical Notes for Reproducibility
|
| 277 |
+
|
| 278 |
+
### Checkpoint Format
|
| 279 |
+
|
| 280 |
+
The `best_model.pt` file is a PyTorch checkpoint dictionary containing:
|
| 281 |
+
|
| 282 |
+
```python
|
| 283 |
+
{
|
| 284 |
+
"model": OrderedDict, # model.state_dict()
|
| 285 |
+
"model_config": GPTConfig, # dataclass with architecture params
|
| 286 |
+
"config": dict, # training configuration
|
| 287 |
+
"iter_num": int, # iteration at save time
|
| 288 |
+
"best_val_loss": float, # best validation loss achieved
|
| 289 |
+
}
|
| 290 |
+
```
|
| 291 |
+
|
| 292 |
+
### System Requirements
|
| 293 |
+
|
| 294 |
+
- **Inference**: Any machine with 2GB+ RAM and PyTorch installed
|
| 295 |
+
- **Training (reproduce)**: NVIDIA GPU with 8GB+ VRAM, or Apple M-series with 16GB+ unified memory
|
| 296 |
+
- **Dependencies**: `torch>=2.0`, `tokenizers>=0.13`
|
| 297 |
+
|
| 298 |
+
### Reproducing Training
|
| 299 |
+
|
| 300 |
+
```bash
|
| 301 |
+
git clone <source-repo>
|
| 302 |
+
cd gpt-from-scratch
|
| 303 |
+
pip install -r requirements.txt
|
| 304 |
+
|
| 305 |
+
# Generate data
|
| 306 |
+
python -m data.generators.master_generator
|
| 307 |
+
|
| 308 |
+
# Train tokenizer + model
|
| 309 |
+
python -m src.train_pharma
|
| 310 |
+
```
|
| 311 |
+
|
| 312 |
+
Or use the Kaggle notebook for GPU-accelerated training (see repository).
|
| 313 |
+
|
| 314 |
+
---
|
| 315 |
|
| 316 |
## License
|
| 317 |
|
| 318 |
+
**Apache 2.0** β Use freely for any purpose (commercial, research, educational). Attribution appreciated but not legally required beyond the license notice.
|