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- ---
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- language:
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- - en
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- license: apache-2.0
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- pipeline_tag: text-generation
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- tags:
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- - transformers
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- library_name: transformers
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- datasets:
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- - PleIAs/SYNTH
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- ---
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-
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- # ⚛️ Monad
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-
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- <div align="center">
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- <img src="figures/pleias.jpg" width="60%" alt="Pleias" />
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- </div>
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-
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- <p align="center">
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- <a href="https://pleias.fr/blog/blogsynth-the-new-data-frontier"><b>Blog announcement</b></a>
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- </p>
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-
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- **Monad** is a 56 million parameters generalist Small Reasoning Model, trained on 200 billions tokens from <a href="https://huggingface.co/PleIAs/Baguettotron">SYNTH</a>, a fully open generalist dataset.
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-
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- As of 2025, Monad is the best contender for the smallest viable language models. Despite being less than half of gpt-2, Monad not only answers in consistent English but performs significanly beyond chance on MMLU and other major industry benchmarks.
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-
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- <p align="center">
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- <img width="80%" src="figures/training_efficiency.jpeg">
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- </p>
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-
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- Monad's name is a reference to Leibniz concept and general idea of the smallest possible unit of intelligence.
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-
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- ## Features
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- Monad has been natively trained for instructions with thinking traces. We implemented a series of dedicated pipelines for:
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- * Memorization of encyclopedic knowledge (50,000 vital articles from Wikipedia), though in this size range hallucinations have to be expected.
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- * Retrieval-Augmented Generation with grounding (following on our initial experiments with Pleias-RAG series)
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- * Arithmetic and simple math resolution problem
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- * Editing tasks
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- * Information extraction
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- * Creative writing, including unusual synthetic exercises like lipograms or layout poems.
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-
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- Monad is strictly monolingual in English. We trained a new custom tokenizer (likely one of the smallest tokenizer to date, less than 8,000 individual tokens), exclusively trained on SYNTH so that we maintain a relatively good compression ratio.
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-
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- ## Model design and training
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- Monad is a 56M parameters decoders with a standard Qwen/Llama-like design, except for its extremely compact size and overall opiniated architecture for depth (with 64 layers)
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- <p align="center">
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- <img width="80%" src="figures/monad_structure.png">
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- </p>
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-
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- Monad was trained on 16 h100 from Jean Zay (compute plan n°A0191016886). Full pre-training took a bit less than 6 hours.
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-
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- ## Evaluation
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- Monad attains performance on MMLU significantly beyond chance with close to 30% of positive rate. We also find non-random results on gsm8k (8%) and HotPotQA (8%)
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-
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- To our knowledge, there is no model remotely close in this size range for evaluation comparison. Spiritually and practically, Monad remains unique.
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-
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- ## Use and deployment
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- Monad has been trained on the standard instruction style from Qwen.
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-
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- ```xml
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- <|im_start|>user
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- Who are you?<|im_end|>
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- <|im_start|>assistant
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- <think>
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- ```
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-
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- Monad has no support yet for multi-turn.
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-
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- A major envisioned use case for Monad is explainability, as the model does provide a unique trade-off between observability and actual reasoning performance.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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