README.md

---
base_model:
- QiWang98/VideoRFT-SFT
- Qwen/Qwen2.5-VL-7B-Instruct
datasets:
- QiWang98/VideoRFT-Data
language:
- en
license: apache-2.0
metrics:
- accuracy
pipeline_tag: video-text-to-text
library_name: transformers
---

# 🎥 VideoRFT: Incentivizing Video Reasoning Capability in MLLMs via Reinforced Fine-Tuning

This repository contains the `VideoRFT` model, presented in the paper [VideoRFT: Incentivizing Video Reasoning Capability in MLLMs via Reinforced Fine-Tuning](https://huggingface.co/papers/2505.12434).

<p align="center">
    </a>&nbsp&nbsp📖 <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.12434">ArXiv</a>
    </a>&nbsp&nbsp │ &nbsp&nbsp📀 <a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/QiWang98/VideoRFT-Data">CoT Dataset</a>
    </a>&nbsp&nbsp │ &nbsp&nbsp📀 <a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/QiWang98/VideoRFT-Data">RL Dataset</a>
    </a>&nbsp&nbsp │ &nbsp&nbsp🤗 <a href="https://huggingface.co/QiWang98/VideoRFT">Models</a>
</p>

## 📰 News
- [2025/09/19] Our paper has been **accepted to NeurIPS 2025** 🎉! 
- [2025/06/01] We released our 3B Models ([🤗VideoRFT-SFT-3B](https://huggingface.co/QiWang98/VideoRFT-SFT-3B) and [🤗VideoRFT-3B](https://huggingface.co/QiWang98/VideoRFT-3B)) to huggingface.
- [2025/05/25] We released our 7B Models ([🤗VideoRFT-SFT-7B](https://huggingface.co/QiWang98/VideoRFT-SFT) and [🤗VideoRFT-7B](https://huggingface.co/QiWang98/VideoRFT)) to huggingface.
- [2025/05/20] We released our Datasets ([📀CoT Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/QiWang98/VideoRFT-Data) and [📀RL Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/QiWang98/VideoRFT-Data)) to huggingface.
- [2025/05/18] Our paper is released on [ArXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.12434), and we have open-sourced our code on [GitHub](https://github.com/QiWang98/VideoRFT)!

## 🔎 Overview

Reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT) has shown great promise in achieving humanlevel reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), and has recently been extended to MLLMs. Nevertheless, reasoning about videos, which is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence, remains a persistent challenge due to the complex logic, temporal and causal structures inherent in video data. To fill this gap, we propose VideoRFT, a novel approach that extends the RFT paradigm to cultivate human-like video reasoning capabilities in MLLMs. VideoRFT follows the standard two-stage scheme in RFT: supervised fine-tuning (SFT) with chain-of-thought (CoT) annotations, followed by reinforcement learning (RL) to improve generalization. A central challenge to achieve this in the video domain lies in the scarcity of large-scale, high-quality video CoT datasets. We address this by building a fully automatic CoT curation pipeline. First, we devise a cognitioninspired prompting strategy to elicit a reasoning LLM to generate preliminary CoTs based solely on rich, structured, and literal representations of video content. Subsequently, these CoTs are revised by a visual-language model conditioned on the actual video, ensuring visual consistency and reducing visual hallucinations. This pipeline results in two new datasets VideoRFT-CoT-102K for SFT and VideoRFT-RL-310K for RL. To further strength the RL phase, we introduce a novel semantic-consistency reward that explicitly promotes the alignment between textual reasoning with visual evidence. This reward encourages the model to produce coherent, context-aware reasoning outputs grounded in visual input. Extensive experiments show that VideoRFT achieves state-of-the-art performance on six video reasoning benchmarks.

<div align="center">
<img src="https://github.com/QiWang98/VideoRFT/raw/main/images/overview.png" />
</div>

## ✨ Methodology

To overcome the scarcity of video CoTs, we develop a scalable, cognitively inspired pipeline for high-quality video CoT dataset construction.

<div align="center">
<img src="https://github.com/QiWang98/VideoRFT/raw/main/images/pipeline.png"  width="95%" />
</div>

To further strength the RL phase, we introduce a novel semantic-consistency reward that explicitly promotes the alignment between textual reasoning with visual evidence. 

<div align="center">
<img src="https://github.com/QiWang98/VideoRFT/raw/main/images/grpo.png"  width="95%" />
</div>

## 📀 Datasets

Based on above pipeline, we construct two large-scale datasets, i.e., [📀VideoRFT-CoT-102K](https://huggingface.co/datasets/QiWang98/VideoRFT-Data) and [📀VideoRFT-RL-310K](https://huggingface.co/datasets/QiWang98/VideoRFT-Data).
<div align="center">
<img src="https://github.com/QiWang98/VideoRFT/raw/main/images/dataset.png"  width="50%" />
</div>

## 🛠️ Set up

### Requirements
* `Python >= 3.11`
* `Pytorch >= 2.5.1`
* `transformers == 4.51.3`
* `vLLM == 0.7.3`
* `trl == 0.16.0`

### Installation
```bash
git clone https://github.com/QiWang98/VideoRFT
cd VideoRFT

# Create and activate environment
conda create -n VideoRFT python=3.11 
conda activate VideoRFT
bash setup.sh

# Install decord for improved video processing
cd src/qwen-vl-utils
pip install -e .[decord]
```

## 🚀 Training

### Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT)
We begin with supervised fine-tuning on the VideoRFT-CoT dataset for one epoch:

```bash
bash ./src/scripts/run_sft_video.sh
```

This step can be skipped by directly using our pretrained SFT models, available at [🤗VideoRFT-SFT-7B](https://huggingface.co/QiWang98/VideoRFT-SFT) or [🤗VideoRFT-SFT-3B](https://huggingface.co/QiWang98/VideoRFT-SFT-3B).

### Reinforcement Learning (RL)

Next, perform reinforcement learning using the VideoRFT-RL dataset:

```bash
bash ./src/scripts/run_grpo_video.sh
```

To enable faster training via vLLM acceleration:

```bash
bash ./src/scripts/run_grpo_vllm_qwen25vl.sh
```

> **Note:** During training, we adopt the following settings for efficiency:

*   **VIDEO PIXELS**: 128 × 28 × 28
*   **FPS FRAMES**: 16

All frame-related configurations can be adjusted in `src/qwen-vl-utils`.

## 📈 Inference & Evaluation

> During inference, we increase the maximum frame resolution and length to boost performance:

*   **VIDEO PIXELS**: 256 × 28 × 28
*   **FPS FRAMES**: 32

You can configure these parameters in `src/qwen-vl-utils`.

> We evaluate all models under a unified decoding configuration following the official Qwen2.5-VL demo:

*   `top_p = 0.001`
*   `temperature = 0.01`

### Evaluation Procedure

1.  Download preprocessed evaluation JSONs from: \[[🤗 eval](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Video-R1/Video-R1-eval)]

2.  Download the video data from the official sites of each benchmark and organize them as specified in the JSON files.

3.  Run the evaluation across all benchmarks:

```bash
bash ./src/eval_bench.sh
```

## 🚀 Quick Inference Code

```python
import numpy as np
import torch
from longvu.builder import load_pretrained_model
from longvu.constants import (
    DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN,
    IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX,
)
from longvu.conversation import conv_templates, SeparatorStyle
from longvu.mm_datautils import (
    KeywordsStoppingCriteria,
    process_images,
    tokenizer_image_token,
)
from decord import cpu, VideoReader

tokenizer, model, image_processor, context_len = load_pretrained_model(
    "./checkpoints/longvu_qwen", None, "cambrian_qwen",
)

model.eval()
video_path = "./examples/video1.mp4"
qs = "Describe this video in detail"

vr = VideoReader(video_path, ctx=cpu(0), num_threads=1)
fps = float(vr.get_avg_fps())
frame_indices = np.array([i for i in range(0, len(vr), round(fps),)])
video = []
for frame_index in frame_indices:
    img = vr[frame_index].asnumpy()
    video.append(img)
video = np.stack(video)
image_sizes = [video[0].shape[:2]]
video = process_images(video, image_processor, model.config)
video = [item.unsqueeze(0) for item in video]

qs = DEFAULT_IMAGE_TOKEN + "
" + qs
conv = conv_templates["qwen"].copy()
conv.append_message(conv.roles[0], qs)
conv.append_message(conv.roles[1], None)
prompt = conv.get_prompt()

input_ids = tokenizer_image_token(prompt, tokenizer, IMAGE_TOKEN_INDEX, return_tensors="pt").unsqueeze(0).to(model.device)
stop_str = conv.sep if conv.sep_style != SeparatorStyle.TWO else conv.sep2
keywords = [stop_str]
stopping_criteria = KeywordsStoppingCriteria(keywords, tokenizer, input_ids)
with torch.inference_mode():
    output_ids = model.generate(
        input_ids,
        images=video,
        image_sizes=image_sizes,
        do_sample=False,
        temperature=0.2,
        max_new_tokens=128,
        use_cache=True,
        stopping_criteria=[stopping_criteria],
    )
pred = tokenizer.batch_decode(output_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)[0].strip()
```

## 🙏 Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the open-source community, particularly [DeepSeek-R1](https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1), [Open-R1](https://github.com/huggingface/open-r1), and [R1-V](https://github.com/Deep-Agent/R1-V).

## 📚 Citations

If you find this work helpful, please consider citing:

```
@article{VideoRFT,
  title={VideoRFT: Incentivizing Video Reasoning Capability in MLLMs via Reinforced Fine-Tuning},
  author={Wang, Qi and Yu, Yanrui and Yuan, Ye and Mao, Rui and Zhou, Tianfei},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.12434},
  year={2025}
}
```