README.md

metadata

tags:
  - sentence-transformers
  - sentence-similarity
  - feature-extraction
  - generated_from_trainer
  - dataset_size:57126
  - loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
base_model: sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2
widget:
  - source_sentence: >-
      ##inemia a the the upper limit of normal concentra - b success was defined
      or at least success menstrual cycles without of cycle. the most from the
      trial were dizziness, reproduced, comparison bromocriptine the hyperpro n
      j med ; 904. )
    sentences:
      - >-
        the yearly inci - dence of symptomatic gallstones is about 1 %. cardiac
        effects include sinus bradycardia ( 25 % ) and conduction disturbances (
        10 % ). pain at the site of injection is common, especially with the
        long - acting octreotide suspension. vitamin b 12 deficiency may occur
        with long - term use of octreotide. a long - acting formulation of
        lanreotide, another octapeptide somatostatin analog, was approved by the
        fda in 2007 for treat - ment of acromegaly. lanreotide appears to have
        effects comparable to those of octreotide on reducing gh levels and
        normalizing igf - i concentrations. pegvisomant pegvisomant is a gh
        receptor antagonist used to treat acromegaly. it is the polyethylene
        glycol ( peg ) derivative of a mutant gh, b2036. like native gh,
        pegvisomant has two gh receptor bind - ing sites. however, one of the
        pegvisomant gh receptor binding sites has increased affinity for the gh
        receptor, whereas its second gh receptor binding site has reduced
        affinity. this differential receptor affinity allows the initial step (
        gh receptor dime
      - >-
        ##inemia and anovulation. a : the dotted line indicates the upper limit
        of normal serum prolactin concentra - tions. b : complete success was
        defined as pregnancy or at least two consecutive menses with evidence of
        ovulation at least once. partial success was two menstrual cycles
        without evidence of ovulation or just one ovulatory cycle. the most
        common reasons for withdrawal from the trial were nausea, headache,
        dizziness, abdominal pain, and fatigue. ( modified and reproduced, with
        permission, from webster j et al : a comparison of cabergoline and
        bromocriptine in the treatment of hyperpro - lactinemic amenorrhea. n
        engl j med 1994 ; 331 : 904. )
      - >-
        compounds are shown in figure 38 – 5. the thiocarbamide group is
        essential for antithyroid activity. pharmacokinetics methimazole is
        completely absorbed but at variable rates. it is readily accumulated by
        the thyroid gland and has a volume of distribution similar to that of
        propylthiouracil. excretion is slower than with propylthiouracil ; 65 –
        70 % of a dose is recovered in the urine in 48 hours. in contrast,
        propylthiouracil is rapidly absorbed, reaching peak serum levels after 1
        hour. the bioavailability of 50 – 80 % may be due to incomplete
        absorption or a large first - pass effect in the liver. the volume of
        distribution approximates total body water with accumulation in the
        thyroid gland. most of an ingested dose of propylthiouracil is excreted
        by the kidney as the inactive glucuronide within 24 hours. the short
        plasma half - life of these agents ( 1. 5 hours for propyl - thiouracil
        and 6 hours for methimazole ) has little influence on the duration of
        the antithyroid action or the dosing interval because both agents are
        accumulated by the thyroid gland. for propyl -
  - source_sentence: >-
      ##sis. serious hypertension, diabetes. disorder surgical irradiation of
      the pituitary tumor, or tion of both adrenals. patients large of cortisol
      during and doses to mg soluble hydrocortisone as - ous intravenous day of
      surgery. the dose reduced replacement levels, reduction in produce
      symptoms, including fever and if adrenalectomy - term main - tenance that
      outlined for c. primary chrousos syndrome — this or usually mutations the
      glucocorticoid - tor attempt to for hypo pituitary ) axis hyperfunctioning
    sentences:
      - >-
        ##sis. other serious disturbances include mental disorders,
        hypertension, and diabetes. this disorder is treated by surgical removal
        of the tumor produc - ing acth or cortisol, irradiation of the pituitary
        tumor, or resec - tion of one or both adrenals. these patients must
        receive large doses of cortisol during and after the surgical procedure.
        doses of up to 300 mg of soluble hydrocortisone may be given as a
        continu - ous intravenous infusion on the day of surgery. the dose must
        be reduced slowly to normal replacement levels, since rapid reduction in
        dose may produce withdrawal symptoms, including fever and joint pain. if
        adrenalectomy has been performed, long - term main - tenance is similar
        to that outlined above for adrenal insufficiency. c. primary generalized
        glucocorticoid resistance ( chrousos ) syndrome — this rare sporadic or
        familial genetic condition is usually due to inactivating mutations of
        the glucocorticoid recep - tor gene. in its attempt to compensate for
        the defect, the hypo - thalamic - pituitary - adrenal ( hpa ) axis is
        hyperfunctioning
      - >-
        oral : 200, 220, 250, 375, 500 mg tablets ; 375, 550 mg controlled -
        release tablets ; 375, 500 mg delayed - release tablets ; 125 mg / 5 ml
        suspension oxaprozin ( generic, daypro ) oral : 600 mg tablets, capsules
        piroxicam ( generic, feldene ) oral : 10, 20 mg capsules salsalate,
        salicylsalicylic acid ( generic, disalcid ) oral : 500, 750 mg tablets ;
        500 mg capsules sodium salicylate ( generic ) oral : 325, 650 mg enteric
        - coated tablets sodium thiosalicylate ( generic, rexolate ) parenteral
        : 50 mg / ml for im injection sulindac ( generic, clinoril ) oral : 150,
        200 mg tablets suprofen ( profenal ) topical : 1 % ophthalmic solution
        tolmetin ( generic, tolectin ) oral : 200, 600 mg tablets ; 400 mg
        capsules disease - modifying antirheumatic drugs abatacept ( orencia )
        parenteral : 250 mg / vial lyophilized, for reconstitution for iv
        injection adalimumab ( humira ) parenteral : 40 mg /
      - >-
        a half - life of about 10 hours. lutropin has only been approved for use
        in combination with follitropin alfa for stimulation of follicular
        development in infertile women with profound lh deficiency. it has not
        been approved for use with the other preparations of fsh nor for
        simulating the endogenous lh surge that is needed to complete follicular
        development and pre - cipitate ovulation. d. human chorionic
        gonadotropin hcg is produced by the human placenta and excreted into the
        urine, whence it can be extracted and purified. it is a glycoprotein
        consisting of a 92 - amino - acid α chain virtually identical to that of
        fsh, lh, and tsh, and a β chain of 145 amino acids that resembles that
        of lh except for the presence of a carboxyl terminal sequence of 30
        amino acids not present in lh. choriogonadotropin alfa ( rhcg ) is a
        recombinant form of hcg. because of its greater consistency in biologic
        activity, rhcg is packaged and dosed on the basis of weight rather than
        units of activity. all of the other gonadotropins
  - source_sentence: >-
      five origin. action is inhibits activation of ( chapter a has an ( ),
      produced cd28 on cell or on apc, leading - abatacept which contains the -
      4 ) 86, inhibiting to pharmacokinetics abatacept infusion “ ” ( day 4
      monthly infusions. is weight patients weighing less than kg mg, 100
      receiving 750 and more than 100 kg 1000 regimens in adult group can if -
      16
    sentences:
      - >-
        ##l 2005 ; 75 : 406. tan kr et al : neural basis for addictive
        properties of benzodiazepines. nature 2010 ; 463 : 769. c a s e s t u d
        y a n s w e r the patient was diagnosed with pathologic gambling sec -
        ondary to the dopamine agonist prescription. compulsive behavior
        including gambling, binge eating, or hypersexu - ality is observed in
        about 15 % of patients who receive dopamine agonist treatment. the
        condition is not related to parkinson ’ s disease, as compulsive
        behaviors also occur in patients with restless legs syndrome who are
        treated with the same medication. the incidence with levodopa is lower,
        and compulsive behavior is sometimes preceded by dose escalation.
      - >-
        α - blocking agents ( five drugs ). these dmards and biologics are
        discussed alphabetically, independent of origin. abatacept mechanism of
        action abatacept is a co - stimulation modulator biologic that inhibits
        the activation of t cells ( see also chapter 55 ). after a t cell has
        engaged an antigen - presenting cell ( apc ), a second signal is
        produced by cd28 on the t cell that interacts with cd80 or cd86 on the
        apc, leading to t - cell activation. abatacept ( which contains the
        endogenous ligand ctla - 4 ) binds to cd80 and 86, thereby inhibiting
        the binding to cd28 and preventing the activation of t cells.
        pharmacokinetics abatacept is given as three intravenous infusion “
        induction ” doses ( day 0, week 2, and week 4 ), followed by monthly
        infusions. the dose is based on body weight ; patients weighing less
        than 60 kg receiving 500 mg, those 60 – 100 kg receiving 750 mg, and
        those more than 100 kg receiving 1000 mg. dosing regimens in any adult
        group can be increased if needed. the terminal serum half - life is 13 –
        16 days. co
      - >-
        chapter 33 agents used in anemias ; hematopoietic growth factors 587
        groups. in particular, the depletion of tetrahydrofolate prevents
        synthesis of adequate supplies of the deoxythymidylate ( dtmp ) and
        purines required for dna synthesis in rapidly dividing cells, as shown
        in figure 33 – 3, section 2. the accumulation of folate as n 5 -
        methyltetrahydrofolate and the associated depletion of tetra -
        hydrofolate cofactors in vitamin b 12 deficiency have been referred to
        as the “ methylfolate trap. ” this is the biochemical step whereby
        vitamin b 12 and folic acid metabolism are linked, and it explains why
        the megaloblastic anemia of vitamin b 12 deficiency can be partially
        corrected by ingestion of large amounts of folic acid. folic acid can be
        reduced to dihydrofolate by the enzyme dihydro - folate reductase (
        figure 33 – 3, section 3 ) and thereby serve as a source of the
        tetrahydrofolate required for synthesis of the purines and dtmp required
        for dna synthesis. vitamin b 12 deficiency causes the accumulation of
        homo - cysteine due to reduced formation
  - source_sentence: >-
      in after a successful when, definition, no longer dependent. the level :
      understand the long term changes by of initial molecular cellular targets
      must be a com approaches animals and functional revealed target this the
      teg area vta a tiny structure tip brainstem, which amygdala, hippocampus,
      drugs of abuse christian retired and and parkinson ’ disease age at time,
      neurologist prescribed restore dopamine levels. symptoms start fluctuate
      and dopamine role later, he devel oped a interest gambling, buying lottery
      and visiting casino he
    sentences:
      - >-
        common in addicts after a successful withdrawal when, by definition,
        they are no longer dependent. addictive drugs increase the level of
        dopamine : reinforcement to understand the long - term changes induced
        by drugs of abuse, their initial molecular and cellular targets must be
        identified. a com - bination of approaches in animals and humans,
        including functional imaging, has revealed the mesolimbic dopamine
        system as the prime target of addictive drugs. this system originates in
        the ventral teg - mental area ( vta ), a tiny structure at the tip of
        the brainstem, which projects to the nucleus accumbens, the amygdala,
        the hippocampus, 32 drugs of abuse christian luscher, md a retired
        accountant developed a tremor and slowing of movements and was diagnosed
        with parkinson ’ s disease at age 67. at that time, his neurologist
        prescribed levodopa to restore dopamine levels. two years later, motor
        symptoms start to fluctuate and the dopamine receptor agonist ropini -
        role is added to his treatment. ∗ a few months later, he devel - oped a
        strong interest in gambling, first buying lottery tickets and then
        visiting a casino almost every day. he concealed his gambling activity
        until
      - >-
        bleeding in over - the - counter use is low but still double that of
        over - the - counter ibuprofen ( perhaps due to a dose effect ). rare
        cases of allergic pneumonitis, leukocy - toclastic vasculitis, and
        pseudoporphyria as well as the common nsaid - associated adverse effects
        have been noted. oxaprozin oxaprozin is another propionic acid
        derivative nsaid. as noted in table 36 – 1, its major difference from
        the other members of this subgroup is a very long half - life ( 50 – 60
        hours ), although oxapro - zin does not undergo enterohepatic
        circulation. it is mildly urico - suric, making it potentially more
        useful in gout than some other nsaids. otherwise, the drug has the same
        benefits and risks that are associated with other nsaids. piroxicam
        piroxicam, an oxicam ( figure 36 – 1 ), is a nonselective cox inhib -
        itor that at high concentrations also inhibits polymorphonuclear
        leukocyte migration, decreases oxygen radical production, and inhibits
        lymphocyte function. its long half - life
      - >-
        4 ). recombinant human g - csf ( rhug - csf ; filgrastim ) is produced
        in a bacterial expression system. it is a nonglycosylated peptide of 175
        amino acids, with a molecular weight of 18 kda. recombinant human gm -
        csf ( rhugm - csf ; sargramostim ) is produced in a yeast expression
        system. it is a partially glycosylated peptide of 127 amino acids, with
        three molecular species with molecular weights of 15, 500 ; 15, 800 ;
        and 19, 500. these preparations have serum half - lives of 2 – 7 hours
        after intravenous or subcutaneous administration. pegfilgrastim, a
        covalent conjugation product of filgrastim and a form of polyethylene
        glycol, has a much longer serum half - life than recombinant g - csf,
        and it can be injected once per myelo - suppressive chemotherapy cycle
        instead of daily for several days. lenograstim, used widely in europe,
        is a glycosylated form of recombinant g - csf. pharmacodynamics the
        myeloid growth
  - source_sentence: >-
      chapter drugs of 571 genetic by comparing relatively modest for very high
      of the relative liability of a drug – its heritability, that basis of
      common all is being genomic indicates that only perhaps even allele in
      combination phenotype. involved remains elusive. some substance - have
      identified ( dehydrogenase ), future will also focus on the mechanisms all
      drugs of abuse some not for substances without reward such the and the
      dissocia anesthetics ( drugs, primarily
    sentences:
      - >-
        chapter 33 agents used in anemias ; hematopoietic growth factors 589
        catalyzed by the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase ( “ folate reductase ”
        ), to give dihydrofolic acid ( figure 33 – 3, section 3 ).
        tetrahydrofolate is subsequently transformed to folate cofactors
        possessing one - car - bon units attached to the 5 - nitrogen, to the 10
        - nitrogen, or to both positions ( figure 33 – 3 ). folate cofactors are
        interconvertible by various enzymatic reactions and serve the important
        biochemical function of donating one - carbon units at various levels of
        oxida - tion. in most of these, tetrahydrofolate is regenerated and
        becomes available for reutilization. pharmacokinetics the average
        american diet contains 500 – 700 mcg of folates daily, 50 – 200 mcg of
        which is usually absorbed, depending on metabolic requirements. pregnant
        women may absorb as much as 300 – 400 mcg of folic acid daily. various
        forms of folic acid are present in a wide variety of plant and animal
        tissues ; the richest sources are yeast, liver, kidney, and green
        vegetables
      - >-
        602 section vi drugs used to treat diseases of the blood, inflammation,
        & gout amputation or organ failure. venous clots tend to be more fibrin
        - rich, contain large numbers of trapped red blood cells, and are
        recognized pathologically as red thrombi. venous thrombi can cause
        severe swelling and pain of the affected extremity, but the most feared
        consequence is pulmonary embolism. this occurs when part or all of the
        clot breaks off from its location in the deep venous system and travels
        as an embolus through the right side of the heart and into the pulmonary
        arterial circulation. sudden occlusion of a large pulmonary artery can
        cause acute right heart failure and sudden death. in addition lung
        ischemia or infarction will occur distal to the occluded pulmonary
        arterial segment. such emboli usually arise from the deep venous system
        of the proximal lower extremities or pelvis. although all thrombi are
        mixed, the platelet nidus dominates the arterial thrombus and the fibrin
        tail dominates the venous thrombus. blood coagulation cascade blood
        coagulates due to the transformation of soluble fibrinogen into
        insoluble fi
      - >-
        chapter 32 drugs of abuse 571 of environmental and genetic factors.
        heritability of addiction, as determined by comparing monozygotic with
        dizygotic twins, is relatively modest for cannabinoids but very high for
        cocaine. it is of interest that the relative risk for addiction (
        addiction liability ) of a drug ( table 32 – 1 ) correlates with its
        heritability, suggesting that the neurobiologic basis of addiction
        common to all drugs is what is being inherited. further genomic analysis
        indicates that only a few alleles ( or perhaps even a single recessive
        allele ) need to function in combination to produce the phenotype.
        however, identification of the genes involved remains elusive. although
        some substance - specific candidate genes have been identified ( eg,
        alcohol dehydrogenase ), future research will also focus on genes
        implicated in the neurobiologic mechanisms common to all addictive
        drugs. nonaddictive drugs of abuse some drugs of abuse do not lead to
        addiction. this is the case for substances that alter perception without
        causing sensations of reward and euphoria, such as the hallucinogens and
        the dissocia - tive anesthetics ( table 32 – 1 ). unlike addictive
        drugs, which primarily
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers

SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 384-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• Base model: sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2
• Maximum Sequence Length: 256 tokens
• Output Dimensionality: 384 dimensions
• Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Model Sources

• Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 256, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("RikoteMaster/retriever_pdf_and_books")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'chapter drugs of 571 genetic by comparing relatively modest for very high of the relative liability of a drug – its heritability, that basis of common all is being genomic indicates that only perhaps even allele in combination phenotype. involved remains elusive. some substance - have identified ( dehydrogenase ), future will also focus on the mechanisms all drugs of abuse some not for substances without reward such the and the dissocia anesthetics ( drugs, primarily',
    'chapter 32 drugs of abuse 571 of environmental and genetic factors. heritability of addiction, as determined by comparing monozygotic with dizygotic twins, is relatively modest for cannabinoids but very high for cocaine. it is of interest that the relative risk for addiction ( addiction liability ) of a drug ( table 32 – 1 ) correlates with its heritability, suggesting that the neurobiologic basis of addiction common to all drugs is what is being inherited. further genomic analysis indicates that only a few alleles ( or perhaps even a single recessive allele ) need to function in combination to produce the phenotype. however, identification of the genes involved remains elusive. although some substance - specific candidate genes have been identified ( eg, alcohol dehydrogenase ), future research will also focus on genes implicated in the neurobiologic mechanisms common to all addictive drugs. nonaddictive drugs of abuse some drugs of abuse do not lead to addiction. this is the case for substances that alter perception without causing sensations of reward and euphoria, such as the hallucinogens and the dissocia - tive anesthetics ( table 32 – 1 ). unlike addictive drugs, which primarily',
    '602 section vi drugs used to treat diseases of the blood, inflammation, & gout amputation or organ failure. venous clots tend to be more fibrin - rich, contain large numbers of trapped red blood cells, and are recognized pathologically as red thrombi. venous thrombi can cause severe swelling and pain of the affected extremity, but the most feared consequence is pulmonary embolism. this occurs when part or all of the clot breaks off from its location in the deep venous system and travels as an embolus through the right side of the heart and into the pulmonary arterial circulation. sudden occlusion of a large pulmonary artery can cause acute right heart failure and sudden death. in addition lung ischemia or infarction will occur distal to the occluded pulmonary arterial segment. such emboli usually arise from the deep venous system of the proximal lower extremities or pelvis. although all thrombi are mixed, the platelet nidus dominates the arterial thrombus and the fibrin tail dominates the venous thrombus. blood coagulation cascade blood coagulates due to the transformation of soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fi',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 384]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• Size: 57,126 training samples
• Columns: anchor and positive
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	anchor	positive
  type	string	string
  details	min: 3 tokens mean: 58.68 tokens max: 133 tokens	min: 11 tokens mean: 143.97 tokens max: 256 tokens

• Samples:

  anchor	positive
  advanced march lecture : lps weights ola svensson1 this lecture do the : we ( actually hedge method. solve lps. fast very solving lps approximately. version 11 of topics in tcs, ” were simon rodriguez the by that used in the last lecture. recall last the lecture, saw how fairly follow the of recall that game t and n experts was : for : i ∈ n gives up or ) based the expert, up 3. with the expert advice ’ decides the up / down	advanced algorithms march 22, 2022 lecture 9 : solving lps using multiplicative weights notes by ola svensson1 in this lecture we do the following : • we describe the multiplicative weight update ( actually hedge ) method. • we then use this method to solve covering lps. • this is a very fast and simple ( i. e., very attractive ) method for solving these lps approximately. these lecture notes are partly based on an updated version of “ lecture 11 of topics in tcs, 2015 ” that were written by vincent eggerling and simon rodriguez and on the lecture notes by shiva kaul that we used in the last lecture. 1 recall last lecture in the previous lecture, we saw how to use the weighted majority method in order to fairly smartly follow the advice of experts. recall that the general game - setting with t days and n experts was as follows : for t = 1,..., t : 1. each expert i ∈ [ n ] gives some advice : up or down 2. aggregator ( you ) predicts, based on the advice of the expert, up or down. 3. ad...
  or down predicts, up down. adversary, of expert the the / down 4. aggregator the parameterized > 0 “ rate now as : • expert i ( 1. ( experts are in begin - at each t • predict / based weighted vote w = w t w n observing the set ( t i = w ( i · ( 1−ε i ] was ( trustworthiness experts. lecture the when / 2. the sequence of outcomes, t, and expert ∈ [ n ], of wm mistakes ≤2	up or down 2. aggregator ( you ) predicts, based on the advice of the expert, up or down. 3. adversary, with knowledge of the expert advice and the aggregator ’ s decision, decides the up / down outcome. 4. aggregator observes the outcome and [UNK] if his prediction was incorrect. the weighted majority algorithm, parameterized by [UNK] > 0 ( the “ learning rate ” ), now works as follows : • assign each expert i a weight w ( 1 ) i initialized to 1. ( all experts are equally trustworthy in the begin - ning. ) at each time t : • predict up / down based on a weighted majority vote per w ( t ) = ( w ( t ) 1,..., w ( t ) n ). • after observing the cost vector, set w ( t + 1 ) i = w ( t ) i · ( 1−ε ) for every expert i ∈ [ n ] whose prediction was wrong. ( discount the trustworthiness of erroneous experts. ) last lecture we analyzed the case when [UNK] = 1 / 2. the same proof gives the following theorem 1 for any sequence of outcomes, duration t, and expert i ∈ [ n ], # of wm mistakes ≤2
  ) last lecture analyzed [UNK] = 1 / 2. the following theorem sequence outcomes, duration t, and n wm ≤2 [UNK] ( ’ + o ( ( ). notes as for lecturer. have not inconsistent omit citations 1	##roneous experts. ) last lecture we analyzed the case when [UNK] = 1 / 2. the same proof gives the following theorem 1 for any sequence of outcomes, duration t, and expert i ∈ [ n ], # of wm mistakes ≤2 ( 1 + [UNK] ) · ( # of i ’ s mistakes ) + o ( log ( n ) / [UNK] ). 1disclaimer : these notes were written as notes for the lecturer. they have not been peer - reviewed and may contain inconsistent notation, typos, and omit citations of relevant works. 1

• Loss: MultipleNegativesRankingLoss with these parameters:

  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
  }
  

Evaluation Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• Size: 6,348 evaluation samples
• Columns: anchor and positive
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	anchor	positive
  type	string	string
  details	min: 14 tokens mean: 97.31 tokens max: 142 tokens	min: 53 tokens mean: 238.84 tokens max: 256 tokens

• Samples:

  anchor	positive
  more at gesic doses. be predominantly however, it also the μ agonist weak or partial nist it mixed available. it used orally however, its injection miscellaneous tramadol is on blockade has been norepinephrine function. because it partially is μ agonist. the recommended mg orally times daily. association with ; drug contraindicated in history of epilepsy with that lower the serious risk the development sero toni	##phine but appears to produce more sedation at equianal - gesic doses. butorphanol is considered to be predominantly a κ agonist. however, it may also act as a partial agonist or antagonist at the μ receptor. benzomorphans pentazocine is a κ agonist with weak μ - antagonist or partial ago - nist properties. it is the oldest mixed agent available. it may be used orally or parenterally. however, because of its irritant properties, the injection of pentazocine subcutaneously is not recommended. miscellaneous tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic whose mechanism of action is predominantly based on blockade of serotonin reuptake. tramadol has also been found to inhibit norepinephrine transporter function. because it is only partially antagonized by naloxone, it is believed to be only a weak μ - receptor agonist. the recommended dosage is 50 – 100 mg orally four times daily. toxicity includes association with seizures ; the drug is relatively contraindicated in patients with a history of...
  ##ly four times daily. toxicity includes relatively in a of the serious is the of - inhibitor ( ). typically abate after several days of is no clinically respiration or tem thus far given that action of tramadol largely - serve as an adjunct pure opioid treatment of chronic is newer with modest μ significant norepinephrine - inhibiting models, its effects moderately by naloxone but reduced adrenoceptor antagonist. furthermore, norepinephrine	##ly four times daily. toxicity includes association with seizures ; the drug is relatively contraindicated in patients with a history of epilepsy and for use with other drugs that lower the seizure threshold. another serious risk is the development of sero - tonin syndrome, especially if selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( ssri ) antidepressants are being administered ( see chapter 16 ). other side effects include nausea and dizziness, but these symptoms typically abate after several days of therapy. it is surprising that no clinically significant effects on respiration or the cardiovascular sys - tem have thus far been reported. given the fact that the analgesic action of tramadol is largely independent of μ - receptor action, tra - madol may serve as an adjunct with pure opioid agonists in the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. tapentadol is a newer analgesic with modest μ - opioid receptor affinity and significant norepinephrine reuptake - inhibiting action. in animal mode...
  - action. in its analgesic effects were moderately by strongly adrenoceptor antagonist. porter ( 6 was than of its the transporter ( of tapentadol 2008 been shown to as oxycodone the to gastrointesti complaints nausea. carries risk for for is how in cal to tramadol mechanism based opioid antitussives the effective drugs suppression of this is analgesia. in effect	- inhibiting action. in animal models, its analgesic effects were only moderately reduced by naloxone but strongly reduced by an α 2 - adrenoceptor antagonist. furthermore, its binding to the norepinephrine trans - porter ( net, see chapter 6 ) was stronger than that of tramadol, whereas its binding to the serotonin transporter ( sert ) was less than that of tramadol. tapentadol was approved in 2008 and has been shown to be as effective as oxycodone in the treatment of moderate to severe pain but with a reduced profile of gastrointesti - nal complaints such as nausea. tapentadol carries risk for seizures in patients with seizure disorders and for the development of sero - tonin syndrome. it is unknown how tapentadol compares in clini - cal utility to tramadol or other analgesics whose mechanism of action is not based primarily on opioid receptor pharmacology. antitussives the opioid analgesics are among the most effective drugs available for the suppression of cough. this effect is oft...

• Loss: MultipleNegativesRankingLoss with these parameters:

  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
  }
  

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• eval_strategy: steps
• per_device_train_batch_size: 128
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 128
• learning_rate: 2e-05
• num_train_epochs: 5
• warmup_ratio: 0.1
• fp16: True
• dataloader_drop_last: True
• dataloader_num_workers: 2
• load_best_model_at_end: True
• push_to_hub: True
• hub_model_id: RikoteMaster/retriever_pdf_and_books
• hub_strategy: end
• hub_private_repo: False

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

• overwrite_output_dir: False
• do_predict: False
• eval_strategy: steps
• prediction_loss_only: True
• per_device_train_batch_size: 128
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 128
• per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
• per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
• eval_accumulation_steps: None
• torch_empty_cache_steps: None
• learning_rate: 2e-05
• weight_decay: 0.0
• adam_beta1: 0.9
• adam_beta2: 0.999
• adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• max_grad_norm: 1.0
• num_train_epochs: 5
• max_steps: -1
• lr_scheduler_type: linear
• lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
• warmup_ratio: 0.1
• warmup_steps: 0
• log_level: passive
• log_level_replica: warning
• log_on_each_node: True
• logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• save_safetensors: True
• save_on_each_node: False
• save_only_model: False
• restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
• no_cuda: False
• use_cpu: False
• use_mps_device: False
• seed: 42
• data_seed: None
• jit_mode_eval: False
• use_ipex: False
• bf16: False
• fp16: True
• fp16_opt_level: O1
• half_precision_backend: auto
• bf16_full_eval: False
• fp16_full_eval: False
• tf32: None
• local_rank: 0
• ddp_backend: None
• tpu_num_cores: None
• tpu_metrics_debug: False
• debug: []
• dataloader_drop_last: True
• dataloader_num_workers: 2
• dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• past_index: -1
• disable_tqdm: False
• remove_unused_columns: True
• label_names: None
• load_best_model_at_end: True
• ignore_data_skip: False
• fsdp: []
• fsdp_min_num_params: 0
• fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
• fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
• accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
• deepspeed: None
• label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• optim: adamw_torch
• optim_args: None
• adafactor: False
• group_by_length: False
• length_column_name: length
• ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
• ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• dataloader_pin_memory: True
• dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• skip_memory_metrics: True
• use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
• push_to_hub: True
• resume_from_checkpoint: None
• hub_model_id: RikoteMaster/retriever_pdf_and_books
• hub_strategy: end
• hub_private_repo: False
• hub_always_push: False
• gradient_checkpointing: False
• gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• include_inputs_for_metrics: False
• include_for_metrics: []
• eval_do_concat_batches: True
• fp16_backend: auto
• push_to_hub_model_id: None
• push_to_hub_organization: None
• mp_parameters:
• auto_find_batch_size: False
• full_determinism: False
• torchdynamo: None
• ray_scope: last
• ddp_timeout: 1800
• torch_compile: False
• torch_compile_backend: None
• torch_compile_mode: None
• include_tokens_per_second: False
• include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
• neftune_noise_alpha: None
• optim_target_modules: None
• batch_eval_metrics: False
• eval_on_start: False
• use_liger_kernel: False
• eval_use_gather_object: False
• average_tokens_across_devices: False
• prompts: None
• batch_sampler: batch_sampler
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	Training Loss	Validation Loss
0.1121	50	0.0343	-
0.2242	100	0.0199	-
0.3363	150	0.0184	-
0.4484	200	0.0188	0.0069
0.5605	250	0.019	-
0.6726	300	0.0155	-
0.7848	350	0.0128	-
0.8969	400	0.0139	0.0048
1.0090	450	0.0151	-
1.1211	500	0.012	-
1.2332	550	0.0144	-
1.3453	600	0.0117	0.0037
1.4574	650	0.0164	-
1.5695	700	0.0099	-
1.6816	750	0.0128	-
1.7937	800	0.0076	0.0035
1.9058	850	0.0098	-
2.0179	900	0.0147	-
2.1300	950	0.0087	-
2.2422	1000	0.012	0.0033
2.3543	1050	0.0106	-
2.4664	1100	0.0176	-
2.5785	1150	0.0123	-
2.6906	1200	0.0122	0.0032
2.8027	1250	0.0126	-
2.9148	1300	0.013	-
3.0269	1350	0.011	-
3.1390	1400	0.0139	0.0031
3.2511	1450	0.01	-
3.3632	1500	0.0122	-
3.4753	1550	0.0094	-
3.5874	1600	0.0122	0.0030
3.6996	1650	0.0147	-
3.8117	1700	0.0126	-
3.9238	1750	0.0125	-
4.0359	1800	0.0138	0.0030
4.1480	1850	0.0105	-
4.2601	1900	0.0107	-
4.3722	1950	0.0179	-
4.4843	2000	0.011	0.0029
4.5964	2050	0.0126	-
4.7085	2100	0.0137	-
4.8206	2150	0.0084	-
4.9327	2200	0.012	0.0029

• The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.10.17
• Sentence Transformers: 4.1.0
• Transformers: 4.52.3
• PyTorch: 2.7.0+cu126
• Accelerate: 1.7.0
• Datasets: 3.6.0
• Tokenizers: 0.21.1

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}