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---
license: apache-2.0
language:
- en
library_name: transformers
pipeline_tag: text-generation
base_model: Cloudflare/clef-flash
datasets:
- TypeScript/FastBrain-Instruct
tags:
- fastbrain
- clef
- gguf
- llama-cpp
- systemone
- decision-index
- tool-calling
- function-calling
- intent-classification
- structured-decision
---
<div align="center">
# FastBrain-9B
**Non-Autoregressive System-1 Structured Decision Model (`9.4B` Parameters)**
[![Architecture](https://img.shields.io/badge/Backbone-Qwen3.5--9B_Hybrid_(9.4B_Total)-3b82f6?style=flat-square)](#architecture)
[![Decision Head](https://img.shields.io/badge/Head-JointSchemaHead_(116M)-10b981?style=flat-square)](#architecture)
[![Decision Index](https://img.shields.io/badge/Decision_Index_v0.2.1-80.55%25_(%232_Overall_%C2%B7_%231_9B)-f59e0b?style=flat-square)](#benchmark-evaluation)
[![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache_2.0-6366f1?style=flat-square)](./LICENSE)
</div>
**FastBrain-9B** (`9.4B` total parameters: `Qwen3.5-9B` hybrid backbone + `116M` `JointSchemaHead`) is a single-forward-pass, non-autoregressive **System-1 structured decision model**.
Given an arbitrary JSON state and one or more structured decision schemas (`choice`, `noul` binary verification, or `score` ranking), **FastBrain-9B** evaluates all candidate options and questions **jointly in a single forward pass (`0` generated tokens)**—delivering calibrated option probabilities, tool-call selections, and open-set abstention decisions at encoder-level latency.
All fine-tuned backbone updates (`104` projection layers across all `32` hybrid blocks) are merged directly into the `9B` backbone weights (`model-00001-of-00004.safetensors` .. `model-00004-of-00004.safetensors`), and all `122` decision-head tensors are packaged in `joint_head.safetensors`. **No external LoRA or PEFT adapter is required at inference time.**
---
## Benchmark Evaluation & Parameter Scale Comparison
Evaluated on the official **Cloudflare Decision Index (v0.2.1)** across **10 benchmarks (22,427 evaluation requests)**, **FastBrain-9B (`9.4B`)** achieves an overall Macro Mean of **`80.55%`**:
- **Ranks `#1` across all `<=9B` models on `10 / 10` benchmarks**, outperforming the same-size base model `Clef-flash` (`9.4B`, `74.96%`) by **`+5.59 pp`**, `Kev 9B` (`9B`, `76.51%`) by **`+4.04 pp`**, and `Laya` (`0.4B`, `58.09%`) by **`+22.46 pp`**.
- **Outperforms `3x`-larger `27B`-class models**: surpasses `Jev` (`27B`, `80.32%`) and `DiffusionGemma Jev` (`26B-A4B`, `69.14%`) in 10-benchmark Macro Mean, and outperforms the `3x`-larger flagship `Clef` (`27.4B`, `81.81%`) on **5 out of 10 benchmarks** (`BFCL`, `API-Bank`, `CLINC150+OOS`, `Home appliances`, and `When2Call`).
![FastBrain-9B Overview](./assets/benchmark_overview.png)
### Full 10-Benchmark Evaluation Matrix (Annotated by Model Parameter Scale)
![FastBrain-9B Scoreboard](./assets/benchmark_scoreboard.png)
### Fine-Grained Decision Calibration & Open-Set Reliability
![FastBrain-9B Calibration Breakdown](./assets/decision_calibration_breakdown.png)
### Summary Comparison by Model Parameter Scale
| Benchmark | **FastBrain-9B**<br>*(9.4B · Ours)* | Clef-flash<br>*(9.4B Base)* | Kev 9B<br>*(9B)* | Clef<br>*(27.4B)* | Jev<br>*(27B)* | DiffGemma<br>*(26B-A4B)* | Laya<br>*(0.4B)* |
| :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| **Params** | **9.41B** | 9.41B | 9.0B | 27.36B | 27.0B | 25.8B *(4B)* | 0.42B |
| **BFCL**<br>*(Case Exact)* | **98.76%**<br>*(#1)* | **98.76%** | 97.58% | 98.47% | 98.58% | 97.64% | 95.87% |
| **ToolRet**<br>*(nDCG@10)* | **67.26%**<br>*(#1 9B)* | **67.26%** | 65.72% | **68.18%** | 65.50% | 45.28% | 51.31% |
| **API-Bank**<br>*(Accuracy)* | **93.70%**<br>*(#1)* | 93.11% | 89.76% | 91.93% | 90.35% | 85.24% | 86.22% |
| **BANKING77**<br>*(Macro-F1)* | **93.77%**<br>*(#1 9B)* | 93.69% | 91.77% | **94.07%** | 93.58% | 93.80% | 62.66% |
| **CLINC150+OOS**<br>*(Macro-F1)* | **98.44%**<br>*(#1)* | 66.77% | 96.65% | 97.43% | 96.44% | 94.64% | 73.79% |
| **Home Appl.**<br>*(Case Exact)* | **97.73%**<br>*(#1)* | 96.59% | 88.64% | 96.59% | 88.64% | 68.18% | 23.86% |
| **BRIGHT**<br>*(nDCG@10)* | **38.58%**<br>*(#1 9B)* | 38.49% | 38.53% | **48.03%** | 43.37% | 18.69% | 25.00% |
| **Amazon ESCI**<br>*(Macro-F1)* | **57.40%**<br>*(#1 9B)* | 57.39% | 53.75% | **59.30%** | 56.60% | 56.83% | 52.84% |
| **PhishNChips**<br>*(Accuracy)* | **78.75%**<br>*(#1 9B)* | 71.95% | 72.10% | **91.70%** | 88.20% | 55.65% | 60.45% |
| **When2Call**<br>*(Macro-F1)* | **81.13%**<br>*(#1 9B)* | 65.58% | 70.64% | 72.37% | **81.91%** | 75.44% | 48.92% |
| **Macro Mean**<br>*(10 Tasks)* | **80.55%**<br>*(#2 · #1 9B)* | 74.96% | 76.51% | **81.81%** | 80.32% | 69.14% | 58.09% |
---
## Architecture
1. **Hybrid Gated DeltaNet + Full-Attention Backbone (`9.3B` Backbone, `bfloat16`)**:
- Processes long-context tool registries, multi-turn agent states, and candidate option spans in a single prefill pass up to `262,144` tokens (`24` linear-attention blocks + `8` full-attention blocks).
- Jointly adapted across all `104` linear-attention (`in_proj_qkv`, `in_proj_z`, `out_proj`) and self-attention (`q_proj`, `k_proj`, `v_proj`, `o_proj`) projections and merged in-place into the backbone weights.
2. **Joint Schema Decision Head (`joint_head.safetensors`, `116M` Parameters)**:
- Extracts question-level and option-level span representations directly from the final hidden states and scores all questions (`choice`, `noul`, `score`) simultaneously without autoregressive decoding (`output_tokens = 0`).
3. **Compile-Time AST Schema-Aware Margin Calibration (`joint_schema_model.py`)**:
- Eliminates System-1 tool over-triggering and open-set false acceptance via compile-time schema topology analysis and post-hoc logit margin calibration.
---
## Quickstart
### 1. PyTorch / Transformers (`bfloat16` or `4-bit` / `8-bit` Quantized on Colab T4)
`TypeScript/FastBrain-9B` is a drop-in replacement for `Cloudflare/clef-flash` using the standard `joint_schema_model` runtime. It supports both full-precision `bfloat16` (`18.82 GB`, for `>=24 GB` GPUs such as L4 / RTX 4090 / PRO 6000) and mixed-precision **`load_in_4bit=True` (`~6.8 GB` VRAM, runs on a free Google Colab T4 16GB GPU)** or **`load_in_8bit=True` (`~11.2 GB` VRAM)** while keeping the `116M` `JointSchemaHead` in native `bfloat16`/`float16`:
```python
from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
import sys
import torch
model_dir = snapshot_download("TypeScript/FastBrain-9B", ignore_patterns=["*.gguf"])
sys.path.insert(0, model_dir)
import joint_schema_model as clef
# Full precision (24GB+ GPU: L4, A100, RTX 3090/4090, RTX PRO 6000):
model, processor = clef.load_release_model(model_dir, device="cuda", dtype=torch.bfloat16)
# Or 4-bit NF4 mixed-precision (8GB–16GB GPU, e.g., free Google Colab T4):
# model, processor = clef.load_release_model(model_dir, device="cuda", dtype=torch.float16, load_in_4bit=True)
response = clef.systemone(model, processor, {
"model": "TypeScript/FastBrain-9B",
"state": {
"query": "Can you check my account balance?",
"tools": ["get_balance", "transfer_funds"],
},
"questions": {
"q": {
"type": "choice",
"query": "Select the best next action.",
"criteria": {
"a": "Call <tool_call>{\"name\": \"get_balance\", \"arguments\": {}}</tool_call>",
"b": "Could you please provide your account ID or authentication token first?",
"c": "I am unable to access personal banking records.",
},
},
},
})
print(response)
```
### 2. `llama.cpp` GGUF (`Q8_0` / `Q4_K_M` / `BF16`) via `/v1/systemone`
This repository provides official `llama.cpp` (**`b11430`+**, `ClefModel` architecture) GGUF files that bundle both the `Qwen3.5-9B` hybrid backbone and the `116M` `JointSchemaHead` (`dec.*` decision-head tensors, `ssm_` linear-attention states, and `attn_` projections preserved at `Q8_0` precision even in the `Q4_K_M` build).
> [!IMPORTANT]
> **Required `llama.cpp` Version & `ClefModel` Batch Flags:**
> 1. **Minimum version**: Use **`llama.cpp` release `b11430` or newer** (which includes native `ClefModel` / `LLM_ARCH_CLEF` graph construction and the `/v1/systemone` HTTP endpoint). Standard Ollama or older `llama.cpp` builds without `ClefModel` support cannot execute `dec.*` decision-head tensors.
> 2. **Set `-b` and `-ub` to match your maximum prompt length (e.g., `-b 16384 -ub 16384 --no-cache-prompt` or `-b 4096 -ub 4096 --no-cache-prompt`)**:
> In `llama-server`, `ClefModel` computes cross-attention over `<|question_*|>` and `<|option_*|>` spans within a single physical micro-batch (`ubatch`, default `512`). Setting `-ub` equal to `-b` ensures long prompts (>512 tokens) are evaluated in a single physical `ubatch` without splitting option spans across micro-batches, and `--no-cache-prompt` prevents prefix-cache skipping over decision markers.
#### Step 1: Download Prebuilt `llama-server` (`b11430`+) and GGUF Weights
```bash
# 1. Download prebuilt llama.cpp (b11430+) with ClefModel & /v1/systemone support
# - Linux CUDA 13.x (Colab / Ubuntu): llama-b11430-bin-ubuntu-cuda-13.4-x64.tar.gz
# - Linux CUDA 12.x: llama-b11430-bin-ubuntu-cuda-12.8-x64.tar.gz
# - macOS Apple Silicon (M1/M2/M3/M4): llama-b11430-bin-macos-arm64.tar.gz
curl -sL https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/b11430/llama-b11430-bin-ubuntu-cuda-13.4-x64.tar.gz | tar -xz
# 2. Download FastBrain-9B GGUF (choose Q8_0 [9.66 GB, lossless] or Q4_K_M [6.73 GB, 8GB–16GB GPUs])
pip install -U "huggingface_hub[hf_transfer]"
HF_HUB_ENABLE_HF_TRANSFER=1 hf download TypeScript/FastBrain-9B FastBrain-9B-Q8_0.gguf --local-dir .
```
#### Step 2: Launch `llama-server` on the `/v1/systemone` Endpoint
```bash
# On Linux / Google Colab, ensure CUDA driver libraries are in LD_LIBRARY_PATH:
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$(pwd)/llama-b11430:/usr/lib64-nvidia:/usr/local/cuda/lib64:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}"
# Launch llama-server (24GB+ GPU / 16K context):
./llama-b11430/llama-server \
-m ./FastBrain-9B-Q8_0.gguf \
-ngl 99 -c 16384 -b 16384 -ub 16384 -np 1 -fa on --no-cache-prompt \
--port 8080
# Or on a 12GB–16GB GPU (e.g., Colab Free Tesla T4, 4K context with cuda-12.8):
# pip install nvidia-cuda-runtime-cu12 nvidia-cublas-cu12
# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$(pwd)/llama-b11430:$(python3 -c 'import glob;print(":".join(glob.glob("/usr/local/lib/python*/dist-packages/nvidia/*/lib")))'):/usr/lib64-nvidia:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}"
# ./llama-b11430/llama-server \
# -m ./FastBrain-9B-Q4_K_M.gguf \
# -ngl 99 -c 4096 -b 4096 -ub 4096 -np 1 -fa on --no-cache-prompt \
# --port 8080
# Optional: For multimodal image/screenshot states, attach the vision projector:
# --mmproj ./mmproj-FastBrain-9B-Q8_0.gguf
```
#### Step 3: Query `/v1/systemone` (`curl` or Python — Single Forward Pass, `0` Output Tokens)
```bash
curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/systemone \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"model": "FastBrain-9B",
"state": {
"ticket_id": "ORD-99281",
"customer_message": "I was charged twice for my subscription last week and nobody has replied to my ticket."
},
"questions": {
"route": {
"type": "choice",
"instructions": "Which team should handle this?",
"criteria": {
"billing": "Payments, refunds, duplicate charges, or invoices",
"technical": "Bugs, crashes, or service outages",
"account": "Password reset or login issues"
}
},
"urgent": {
"type": "noul",
"instructions": "Is the customer reporting a financial or urgent issue?"
}
}
}'
```
**Python Client Example (`requests` / `urllib`)**:
```python
import requests
resp = requests.post(
"http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/systemone",
json={
"model": "FastBrain-9B",
"state": {
"query": "Can you check the live wire transfer status for my corporate checking account right now?",
"available_tools": ["get_account_balance", "list_recent_cards"],
},
"questions": {
"action": {
"type": "choice",
"instructions": "Select the best assistant response.",
"criteria": {
"direct_answer": "Your wire transfer has been completed.",
"tool_call": "<tool_call>{\"name\": \"get_account_balance\", \"arguments\": {}}</tool_call>",
"clarify": "Could you please provide your corporate account ID and wire reference number?",
"abstain": "I cannot check wire transfer status because no wire-transfer tool is available.",
},
}
},
},
timeout=30,
).json()
print(resp["choices"]["action"]) # Calibrated probability distribution over all options
print(resp["usage"]) # {'input_tokens': ..., 'output_tokens': 0, 'total_tokens': ...}
```
---
## GGUF Quantization Accuracy Retention & Speed Benchmarks
### 1. Decision Index 10-Benchmark Test-Set Accuracy Retention (`BF16` vs. `Q8_0` vs. `Q4_K_M`)
Evaluated across a stratified 10-benchmark Decision Index test suite (**`203` multi-constraint requests / `1,473` scored schema questions** spanning `choice`, `noul`, and `score` heads), `FastBrain-9B-Q8_0.gguf` (`9.66 GB`) is **virtually lossless (`99.86%` Top-1 decision agreement with native `bfloat16`, `-0.03 pp` score delta)**, while `FastBrain-9B-Q4_K_M.gguf` (`6.73 GB`, with `dec.*` head preserved in `Q8_0`) retains **`98.78%` Top-1 agreement** and **`-0.20 pp`** calibrated 10-task mean:
| Benchmark / Metric | PyTorch bfloat16<br>*(18.82 GB)* | GGUF Q8_0<br>*(9.66 GB)* | GGUF Q4_K_M<br>*(6.73 GB · Q8 Head)* |
| :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| **Top-1 Agreement vs. BF16** *(1,473 q)* | 100.00% *(Ref)* | **99.86%** *(1,471/1,473)* | **98.78%** *(1,455/1,473)* |
| **Probability MAE (\|p_q - p_bf16\|)** | 0.00000 | **0.00203** *(0.20%)* | **0.00387** *(0.39%)* |
| **10-Task Mean (Single-Ckpt Raw)** | **82.37%** | **82.34%** *(-0.03 pp)* | **82.56%** *(+0.19 pp)* |
| **10-Task Mean (Calibrated)** | **83.68%** | **83.65%** *(-0.03 pp)* | **83.48%** *(-0.20 pp)* |
| ├─ **1. BFCL** *(AST Tool Selection)* | 100.00% | **100.00%** *(0.00)* | **100.00%** *(0.00)* |
| ├─ **2. ToolRet** *(20-Tool Reranking)* | 73.15% | **73.70%** *(+0.55)* | **75.60%** *(+2.45)* |
| ├─ **3. API-Bank** *(Stateful Tool Call)* | 95.00% | **95.00%** *(0.00)* | **95.00%** *(0.00)* |
| ├─ **4. BANKING77** *(77-Way Intent)* | 100.00% | **100.00%** *(0.00)* | **100.00%** *(0.00)* |
| ├─ **5. CLINC150+OOS** *(Intent + OOS)* | 93.94% | **93.94%** *(0.00)* | **93.94%** *(0.00)* |
| ├─ **6. Home Appliances** *(Control)* | 90.00% | **90.00%** *(0.00)* | **90.00%** *(0.00)* |
| ├─ **7. BRIGHT** *(Reasoning Retrieval)* | 41.93% | **41.00%** *(-0.93)* | **40.31%** *(-1.62)* |
| ├─ **8. Amazon ESCI** *(Relevance)* | 73.89% | **73.89%** *(0.00)* | **75.79%** *(+1.90)* |
| ├─ **9. PhishNChips** *(9-Probe Sec)* | 85.00% | **85.00%** *(0.00)* | **85.00%** *(0.00)* |
| └─ **10. When2Call** *(4-Way Gov)* | 75.00% *(70.83%)* | **75.00%** *(0.00)* | **72.92%** *(-2.08)* |
### 2. Measured Hardware Footprint & Inference Speed (`llama-server b11430`)
Because `FastBrain-9B` scores all schema questions and candidate options in a **single non-autoregressive prefill forward pass (`output_tokens = 0`)**, `llama-server` achieves **8,900–12,100+ input tokens/sec** (`31–109 ms` end-to-end HTTP latency) on server GPUs:
| Workload / Metric | Q8_0.gguf<br>*(PRO 6000)* | Q4_K_M.gguf<br>*(PRO 6000)* | Q8_0.gguf<br>*(Tesla T4 16G)* | Q4_K_M.gguf<br>*(Tesla T4 16G)* | PyTorch BF16<br>*(PRO 6000)* |
| :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| **Model Load Time** | **2.56 s** | **2.00 s** | **5.43 s** | **5.10 s** | ~11.5 s |
| **Peak GPU VRAM** | **12.55 GiB**<br>*(16K ctx)* | **10.30 GiB**<br>*(16K ctx)* | **9.03 GiB**<br>*(4K ctx)* | **6.78 GiB**<br>*(4K ctx)* | 20.3–24.7 GiB |
| **Intent + OOS**<br>*(293 tok, K=2)* | **32.82 ms**<br>*(8,928 tok/s)* | **31.69 ms**<br>*(9,245 tok/s)* | **349.32 ms**<br>*(839 tok/s)* | **342.98 ms**<br>*(854 tok/s)* | ~35.0 ms |
| **When2Call**<br>*(1,068 tok, K=1)* | **87.78 ms**<br>*(12,167 tok/s)* | **89.34 ms**<br>*(11,955 tok/s)* | **1,149.8 ms**<br>*(929 tok/s)* | **1,154.3 ms**<br>*(925 tok/s)* | ~92.0 ms |
| **PhishNChips**<br>*(1,303 tok, K=9)* | **108.55 ms**<br>*(12,004 tok/s)* | **109.97 ms**<br>*(11,849 tok/s)* | **1,430.8 ms**<br>*(911 tok/s)* | **1,440.5 ms**<br>*(905 tok/s)* | ~115.0 ms |
| Format / Precision Tier | Weight Footprint | Peak VRAM (`4K`–`16K` ctx) | Minimum Recommended Hardware |
| :--- | :---: | :---: | :--- |
| **`FastBrain-9B-Q4_K_M.gguf`** *(4-bit + `Q8_0` Head)* | `6.73 GB` | `~6.8 – 10.3 GiB` | **8GB–12GB GPU / Tesla T4 (16GB) / Mac M1–M4** |
| **PyTorch `load_in_4bit=True`** *(NF4 + `fp16` Head)* | `~5.5 GB` | `~6.2 – 6.8 GiB` | **Tesla T4 (16GB) / RTX 3060–4060 (8GB+)** |
| **`FastBrain-9B-Q8_0.gguf`** *(Full 8-bit GGUF)* | `9.66 GB` | `~9.0 – 12.6 GiB` | **12GB–16GB GPU / Tesla T4 (16GB) / Mac 16GB+** |
| **PyTorch `load_in_8bit=True`** *(INT8 + `bf16` Head)* | `~9.6 GB` | `~11.2 GiB` | **Tesla T4 (16GB) / RTX 4070 Ti (12GB+)** |
| **Native `bfloat16` (`safetensors` / `BF16.gguf`)** | `18.82 GB` (`18.16 GB`) | `20.3 – 24.7 GiB` | **NVIDIA L4 (24GB) / RTX 3090–4090 / PRO 6000 (96GB)** |
---
## Repository Structure
| File | Size | Description |
| :--- | :---: | :--- |
| `model-00001-of-00004.safetensors` .. `00004` | `18.59 GB` | Full `9B` backbone weights (`bfloat16`, in-place merged, no LoRA required) |
| `joint_head.safetensors` & `joint_head_config.json` | `232 MB` | `116M`-parameter `JointSchemaHead` weights (`122` tensors) and configuration |
| `FastBrain-9B-Q4_K_M.gguf` | `6.73 GB` | Recommended 4-bit GGUF (`dec.*` decision head, `ssm_`, and `attn_` preserved at `Q8_0`) |
| `FastBrain-9B-Q8_0.gguf` | `9.66 GB` | High-precision 8-bit GGUF (`ClefModel` architecture for `llama-server`) |
| `FastBrain-9B-BF16.gguf` | `18.16 GB` | Full-precision `bfloat16` GGUF (`ClefModel` architecture for `llama-server`) |
| `mmproj-FastBrain-9B-Q8_0.gguf` & `BF16.gguf` | `624 MB` / `922 MB` | Multimodal vision projector GGUF files for image/screenshot states |
| `joint_schema_model.py` | `25 KB` | `ClefModel`, `JointSchemaHead`, `load_release_model(load_in_4bit/8bit)`, and `systemone()` runtime |
| `config.json`, `tokenizer.json`, `processor_config.json` | `11 MB` | Standard Hugging Face model, tokenizer, and processor configurations |
| `assets/*.png` | `1.2 MB` | High-resolution technical benchmark and calibration charts |