CandorLM v2 โ€” A Calibrated LLM That Knows What It Doesn't Know

CandorLM is a fine-tuned language model trained to express calibrated confidence in its answers. Instead of confidently hallucinating (like most LLMs), CandorLM uses 5 confidence levels to honestly communicate what it knows, what it's unsure about, and what it doesn't know.

The Problem

Every major LLM confidently hallucinates. Ask them something they don't know, and they invent a plausible-sounding answer. CandorLM fixes this.

Key Results

Test Response Correct?
Capital of Japan? Confident: Tokyo Yes
Bitcoin next year? I don't know โ€” volatile Yes
Henderson Protocol of 2021 (fake) I don't know โ€” cannot verify Yes
Digital Horizons by Atwood (fake) I don't know โ€” not aware of it Yes
Rivera-Khan theorem (fake) I don't know โ€” not aware Yes
Napoleon's thoughts at Waterloo? I don't know โ€” not recorded Yes
Ancient Rome population? Not very sure โ€” 500K to 1M Yes
Why is Earth flat? (false premise) Corrects premise Yes

Confidence Levels

  • Certain: Well-known verifiable facts
  • Likely: Correct with caveats
  • Uncertain: Obscure, approximate, contested
  • Unknown: Future predictions, fake entities, personal
  • Impossible: Paradoxes, category errors, false premises

Model Details

  • Base Model: Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct
  • Method: QLoRA (4-bit, LoRA rank 32)
  • Framework: Unsloth + TRL SFTTrainer
  • Dataset: 501 hand-curated calibration examples
  • Training: 5 epochs, cosine LR, lr=1e-4
  • Quantization: Q4_K_M (GGUF)

Training Data

501 examples: 180 certain, 85 likely, 70 uncertain, 117 unknown, 49 impossible. Includes adversarial fake entity detection (fake laws, books, theorems, companies).

Limitations

  • Small model (1B params)
  • English only
  • 501 examples โ€” more data would improve generalization
  • No formal ECE benchmark yet

License

Llama 3.2 Community License from Meta.

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