aios-framework/aios-paper

AIOS: A CPU-Native Inference Architecture for Large Language Models

This is not a model. This is the framework paper and specification for AIOS — a memory residency controller for CPU-native LLM inference.

Paper

Title: AIOS: A CPU-Native Inference Architecture for Large Language Models
Author: Anand Casavaraju
Published: March 2026
SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=6467298
GitHub: https://github.com/acasavaraju/AIOS

What AIOS Is

AIOS is a memory residency controller that sits between inference engines (llama.cpp, Ollama, vLLM) and hardware, managing how weight data moves from DRAM to CPU. It addresses four resource dimensions:

• Weight reads — aliasing + sparsity maps
• KV cache reads — MQA/GQA + tiered residency
• Activation spill — chunked prefill
• Attention compute — sparsity map

Current State

Framework and specification published. Runtime not yet implemented. All performance projections are analytical. Empirical validation tracked at github.com/acasavaraju/AIOS/issues.

Citation

@misc{casavaraju2026aios,
  title  = {AIOS: A CPU-Native Inference Architecture for Large Language Models},
  author = {Casavaraju, Anand},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=6467298}
}