SentenceTransformer based on Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

  • Model Type: Sentence Transformer
  • Base model: Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5
  • Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
  • Output Dimensionality: 768 dimensions
  • Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Model Sources

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: NewModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("albertus-sussex/veriscrape-sbert-camera-reference_5_to_verify_5-fold-4")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Fujifilm',
    'Vivitar',
    '$199.00',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Triplet

Metric Value
cosine_accuracy 1.0

Silhouette

  • Evaluated with veriscrape.training.SilhouetteEvaluator
Metric Value
silhouette_cosine 0.9811
silhouette_euclidean 0.8766

Triplet

Metric Value
cosine_accuracy 1.0

Silhouette

  • Evaluated with veriscrape.training.SilhouetteEvaluator
Metric Value
silhouette_cosine 0.9807
silhouette_euclidean 0.875

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

  • Size: 5,583 training samples
  • Columns: anchor, positive, negative, pos_attr_name, and neg_attr_name
  • Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
    anchor positive negative pos_attr_name neg_attr_name
    type string string string string string
    details
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 12.34 tokens
    • max: 79 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 11.96 tokens
    • max: 73 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 11.1 tokens
    • max: 59 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 3.0 tokens
    • max: 3 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 3.0 tokens
    • max: 3 tokens
  • Samples:
    anchor positive negative pos_attr_name neg_attr_name
    SAKAR INTERNATIONAL, INC. Ge $114.99 manufacturer price
    Nikon Samsung $360.99 manufacturer price
    Sakar International, Inc Ge Recertified: FUJIFILM FINEPIX S1800 Black 12.0 MP 3.0" 230K LCD 18X Optical Zoom 28mm Wide Angle Digital Camera manufacturer model
  • Loss: TripletLoss with these parameters:
    {
        "distance_metric": "TripletDistanceMetric.EUCLIDEAN",
        "triplet_margin": 5
    }
    

Evaluation Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

  • Size: 621 evaluation samples
  • Columns: anchor, positive, negative, pos_attr_name, and neg_attr_name
  • Approximate statistics based on the first 621 samples:
    anchor positive negative pos_attr_name neg_attr_name
    type string string string string string
    details
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 11.08 tokens
    • max: 73 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 11.4 tokens
    • max: 73 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 11.05 tokens
    • max: 44 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 3.0 tokens
    • max: 3 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 3.0 tokens
    • max: 3 tokens
  • Samples:
    anchor positive negative pos_attr_name neg_attr_name
    $174.95 $285.00 Panasonic price manufacturer
    Vistaquest General Imaging Company VistaQuest VQ8900 8 Megapixel Compact Camera-8.50 mm - Purple 2.4" LCD - 3264 x 2448 Image - 640 x 480 Video manufacturer model
    Bell + Howell PENTAX Imaging Company Bell & Howell Z10T ZoomTouch 10MP Touchscreen Digital Camera with Movie Mode, 3x Optical Zoom Lens, 3.0" LCD Screen, USB 2.0 - Silver manufacturer model
  • Loss: TripletLoss with these parameters:
    {
        "distance_metric": "TripletDistanceMetric.EUCLIDEAN",
        "triplet_margin": 5
    }
    

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

  • eval_strategy: epoch
  • per_device_train_batch_size: 128
  • per_device_eval_batch_size: 128
  • num_train_epochs: 5
  • warmup_ratio: 0.1

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand
  • overwrite_output_dir: False
  • do_predict: False
  • eval_strategy: epoch
  • prediction_loss_only: True
  • per_device_train_batch_size: 128
  • per_device_eval_batch_size: 128
  • per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
  • per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
  • gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
  • eval_accumulation_steps: None
  • torch_empty_cache_steps: None
  • learning_rate: 5e-05
  • weight_decay: 0.0
  • adam_beta1: 0.9
  • adam_beta2: 0.999
  • adam_epsilon: 1e-08
  • max_grad_norm: 1.0
  • num_train_epochs: 5
  • max_steps: -1
  • lr_scheduler_type: linear
  • lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
  • warmup_ratio: 0.1
  • warmup_steps: 0
  • log_level: passive
  • log_level_replica: warning
  • log_on_each_node: True
  • logging_nan_inf_filter: True
  • save_safetensors: True
  • save_on_each_node: False
  • save_only_model: False
  • restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
  • no_cuda: False
  • use_cpu: False
  • use_mps_device: False
  • seed: 42
  • data_seed: None
  • jit_mode_eval: False
  • use_ipex: False
  • bf16: False
  • fp16: False
  • fp16_opt_level: O1
  • half_precision_backend: auto
  • bf16_full_eval: False
  • fp16_full_eval: False
  • tf32: None
  • local_rank: 0
  • ddp_backend: None
  • tpu_num_cores: None
  • tpu_metrics_debug: False
  • debug: []
  • dataloader_drop_last: False
  • dataloader_num_workers: 0
  • dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
  • past_index: -1
  • disable_tqdm: False
  • remove_unused_columns: True
  • label_names: None
  • load_best_model_at_end: False
  • ignore_data_skip: False
  • fsdp: []
  • fsdp_min_num_params: 0
  • fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
  • fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
  • accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
  • deepspeed: None
  • label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
  • optim: adamw_torch
  • optim_args: None
  • adafactor: False
  • group_by_length: False
  • length_column_name: length
  • ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
  • ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
  • ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
  • dataloader_pin_memory: True
  • dataloader_persistent_workers: False
  • skip_memory_metrics: True
  • use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
  • push_to_hub: False
  • resume_from_checkpoint: None
  • hub_model_id: None
  • hub_strategy: every_save
  • hub_private_repo: False
  • hub_always_push: False
  • gradient_checkpointing: False
  • gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
  • include_inputs_for_metrics: False
  • eval_do_concat_batches: True
  • fp16_backend: auto
  • push_to_hub_model_id: None
  • push_to_hub_organization: None
  • mp_parameters:
  • auto_find_batch_size: False
  • full_determinism: False
  • torchdynamo: None
  • ray_scope: last
  • ddp_timeout: 1800
  • torch_compile: False
  • torch_compile_backend: None
  • torch_compile_mode: None
  • dispatch_batches: None
  • split_batches: None
  • include_tokens_per_second: False
  • include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
  • neftune_noise_alpha: None
  • optim_target_modules: None
  • batch_eval_metrics: False
  • eval_on_start: False
  • use_liger_kernel: False
  • eval_use_gather_object: False
  • prompts: None
  • batch_sampler: batch_sampler
  • multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Epoch Step Training Loss Validation Loss cosine_accuracy silhouette_cosine
-1 -1 - - 0.8116 0.3651
1.0 44 0.2855 0.0 1.0 0.9804
2.0 88 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.9811
3.0 132 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.9811
4.0 176 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.9811
5.0 220 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.9811
-1 -1 - - 1.0 0.9807

Framework Versions

  • Python: 3.10.16
  • Sentence Transformers: 4.0.1
  • Transformers: 4.45.2
  • PyTorch: 2.5.1+cu124
  • Accelerate: 1.5.2
  • Datasets: 3.1.0
  • Tokenizers: 0.20.3

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

TripletLoss

@misc{hermans2017defense,
    title={In Defense of the Triplet Loss for Person Re-Identification},
    author={Alexander Hermans and Lucas Beyer and Bastian Leibe},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1703.07737},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CV}
}
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