TrueDoc run 97 on olmOCR-bench: 86.8, with all 1,403 page outputs and the scorer's log (part 4)

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+<table>
+<tr>
+<th></th>
+<th></th>
+<th>TOTAL</th>
+<th>82,056</th>
+<th></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>Kaizer Meyer Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy</td>
+<td>,783</td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>Bartlett Test of Sphericity Chi-Square</td>
+<td>1134,787</td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td rowspan="5">Factor Name</td>
+<td></td>
+<td>df</td>
+<td>55</td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>Sig.</td>
+<td>,000</td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>Factor</td>
+<td>Factor Extraction</td>
+<td>Reliability Analysis</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Items</td>
+<td></td>
+<td></td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>Loadings</td>
+<td>(%)</td>
+<td>(Cronbach Alpha)</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Concrete</td>
+<td>Sales</td>
+<td>,865</td>
+<td>61,188</td>
+<td>,919</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td rowspan="2">Performance</td>
+<td>Financial Performance</td>
+<td>,842</td>
+<td></td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Profitability</td>
+<td>,822</td>
+<td></td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td rowspan="3">Abstract</td>
+<td>Market Share</td>
+<td>,821</td>
+<td></td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Reaching Goals</td>
+<td>,807</td>
+<td></td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Handling difficulties</td>
+<td>,890</td>
+<td>13,113</td>
+<td>,753</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td rowspan="3">Performance</td>
+<td>HR quality</td>
+<td>,772</td>
+<td></td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Meeting expectations</td>
+<td>,585</td>
+<td></td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>TOTAL</td>
+<td>74,301</td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>Kaizer Meyer Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy</td>
+<td>,875</td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>Bartlett Test of Sphericity Chi-Square</td>
+<td>721,745</td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>df</td>
+<td>28</td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>Sig.</td>
+<td>,000</td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+### 4.4. Descriptive Statistics and Correlations
+
+80,9% of the participants are upper level manager. Rest of them are middle and lower level manager. 80,1% of the respondents are man, and 19,9 % of them are woman. Their average age is 41,18. 46,1% of the respondents are bachelor; 22,7% of them have master, %2,8 have PhD degree. 57,4% of the respondents have more than 5000 TL (>3300 \$) of monthly income, 16,3 % of them have 4000-5000 TL and 19,9 % of them have 3000-4000 TL monthly income. 34% of the respondents have an experience more than 15 years and 20,6% of them have an experience of 5-10 years.
+
+When we look at the descriptive statistics of the factors at Table 3, we can see that the commander style in leadership is very common (M=3,93) and symbolic leadership follows it (M=3,52). In these firms, rational-transactive leadership is rarely followed (M=2,88). Corporate Entrepreneurship level of the companies in Istanbul is perceived very optimistic. For example innovativeness of these firms are perceived very high (M=3,34) and the other factors of corporate entrepreneurship which are proactiveness(M=3,07), self renewal(M=3,01), new business venturing (M=3,11) are not so low. We can also say that the optimism of the participants persists in going on about the firm performance (M=3,61 and M=3,54).

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+> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred]
+
+LIETUVOS RESPUBLIKOS TEISINGUMO MINISTERIJA
+
+Biudžetinė įstaiga, Gedimino pr. 30, LT-01104 Vilnius, tel. (8 5) 266 2933, faks. (8 5) 262 5940, el. p. rastine@tm.lt, atsisk. sąskaita LT267044060000269484 AB SEB bankas, banko kodas 70440. Duomenys kaupiami ir saugomi Juridinių asmenų registre, kodas 188604955
+
+Lietuvos Respublikos teismams
+
+2015-03-24 Nr. (1.13.)77-2035
+
+Kopijos Kalėjimų departamentui prie Lietuvos Respublikos teisingumo ministerijos
+
+Viešojo saugumo tarnybai prie Lietuvos Respublikos vidaus reikalų ministerijos
+
+Lietuvos kriminalinės policijos biuro Tarptautinių ryšių valdybai
+
+DĖL NUOSPRENDŽIŲ, KURIAIS PASKIRTOS LAISVĖS ATĖMIMO BAUSMĖS AR SU LAISVĖS ATĖMIMU SUSIJUSIOS PRIEMONĖS, PRIPAŽINIMO IR VYKDYMO SANTYKIUOSE SU NORVEGIJOS KARALYSTE
+
+Siekdama palengvinti teismų darbą ir atkreipti dėmesį į pasikeitusį teisinį reguliavimą nuteistųjų asmenų perdavimo srityje su Norvegijos Karalyste, Lietuvos Respublikos teisingumo ministerija parengė aplinkraštį dėl Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybės ir Norvegijos Karalystės Vyriausybės Susitarimo dėl nuosprendžių baudžiamosiose bylose, kuriais paskirtos laisvės atėmimo bausmės ar su laisvės atėmimu susijusios priemonės, pripažinimo ir vykdymo (toliau – Susitarimas).
+
+Susitarimas santykiuose tarp Lietuvos Respublikos ir Norvegijos Karalystės pakeitė iki šiol galiojusias 1983 m. Europos konvenciją dėl nuteistųjų asmenų perdavimo ir jos 1997 m. Papildomą protokolą, 1970 m. Europos konvenciją dėl tarptautinio baudžiamųjų nuosprendžių pripažinimo bei 1990 m. Konvencijos dėl 1985 m. Šengeno susitarimo dėl laipsniško bendrų sienų kontrolės panaikinimo įgyvendinimo III antraštinės dalies 5 skyrių.
+
+Susitarime nustatytos taisyklės, pagal kurias susitariančioji šalis, siekdama sudaryti palankesnes sąlygas nuteistojo asmens socialinei reabilitacijai, pripažįsta nuosprendį ir vykdo bausmę. Užuot vadovavusis keliais teisiniais pagrindais, sukurtas vienas, skirtas nuosprendžiams vykdyti tiek tais atvejais, kai nuteistas asmuo yra išduodančiojoje valstybėje, tiek tuomet, kai jis dėl tam tikrų priežasčių fiziškai yra savo pilietybės valstybėje.
+
+[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter.

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+thermocycling18. Reduced flexural strength after thermocycling process can be explained by water absorption of resin material which leads to PMMA molecules polarization and subsequently water molecules spread into inter-polymer chain.
+
+# Conclusion
+
+thermocycling conditions compared to Meliodent, and Vertex resins, and even after the thermal cycles, it have the highest flexural strength compared to the four types of acrylic resin. The flexural strengths of all resins were significantly reduced after thermocycling.
+
+# Conflict of Interests
+
+### None Declared ■
+
+## Mead way resin have the highest flexural strength in non-___________________________________________________________________________________________________
+
+## References
+
+1. Lee HH, Lee CJ, Asaoka K. Correlation in the mechanical
+
+properties of acrylic denture base resins. Dent Mater J 2012 Feb;31(1):157-64.
+
+2. Polyzois GL, Zissis AJ, Yannikakis SA. The effect of
+
+glutaraldehyde and microwave disinfection on some properties of acrylic denture resin. Int J of Prosthodont 1995 Mar-Apr;8(2):150-4.
+
+3. Patterson JC Jr. A technique for accurate soldering. J Prosthet
+
+Dent 1972 Nov;28(5):552-6
+
+4. Oliveira LV, Mesquita MF, Henriques GE, Consani RL, Fragoso WS. Effect of polishing technique and brushing on surface roughness of acrylic resins. J Prosthodont 2008 Jun;17(4):308-11
+
+5. Braun KO, Mello JA, Rached RN, Del Bel Cury AA. Surface
+
+texture and some properties of acrylic resins submitted to chemical polishing. J Oral Rehabil 2003 Jan;30(1):91-8.
+
+6. Rahal JS, Mesquita MF, Henriques GE, Nobilo MA. Surface
+
+roughness of acrylic resins submitted to mechanical and chemical polishing. J Oral Rehabil 2004 Nov;31(11):1075-9.
+
+7. Dhole RI, Srivatsa G, Shetty R, Huddar D, Sankeshwari
+
+B, Chopade S.Reinforcement of Aluminum Oxide Filler on the Flexural Strength of Different Types of Denture Base Resins: An In vitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017 Apr;11(4):ZC101-ZC104.
+
+8. Ali IL, Yunus N, Abu-Hassan MI. Hardness, flexural strength, and flexural modulus comparisons of three differently cured denture base systems. J Prosthodont 2008 Oct;17(7):545-9.
+
+9. Ozkomur A, Fortes CB. Effects of postpolymerization
+
+microwave irradiation on provisional dental acrylics: physical and mechanical properties. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2016 Jul 26;14(3):e302-6.
+
+10. Swaney AC, Paffenbarger GC, Caul HJ, Sweeney WT. American Dental Association specification No. 12 for denture
+
+base resin: second revision. J Am Dent Assoc 1953 Jan; 46(1); 54-66.
+
+11. 
+
+Machado AL, Puckett AD, Breeding LC, Wady AF, Vergani CE. Effect of thermocycling on the flexural and impact strength of urethane\(‐\text{based and high}‐\)impact denture base resins. Gerodontology 2012 Jun;29(2):e318-e23.
+
+12. 
+
+Radzi Z, Kasim A, Hayaty N, Yahya N, Gan SN, Daud N, et al. Impact strength of an experimental polyurethane-based polymer. Annals Univ Dent Malaya 2007;14:46-51.
+
+13. 
+
+Gungor H, Gundogdu M, Alkurt M, Yesil Duymus Z. Effect of polymerization cycles on flexual strengths and microhardness of different denture base materials. Dent Mater J 2017 Mar 31;36(2):168-173.
+
+14. 
+
+Machado AL, Puckett AD, Breeding LC, Wady AF, Vergani CE. Effect of thermocycling on the flexural and impact strength of urethane-based and high-impact denture base resins. Gerodontology 2012 Jun;29(2):e318-23.
+
+15. 
+
+Memon MS, Yunus N, Razak AA. Some mechanical properties of a highly cross-linked, microwave-polymerized, injection-molded denture base polymer. Int J Prosthodont 2001 May-Jun;14(3):214-8.
+
+16. 
+
+Hemmati MA, Vafaee F, Allahbakhshi H. Water Sorption and Flexural Strength of Thermoplastic and Conventional Heat-Polymerized Acrylic Resins. J Dent (Tehran) 2015 Jul;12(7):478-84.
+
+17. 
+
+Takahashi Y, Hamanaka I, Shimizu H. Effect of thermal shock on mechanical properties of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins. Acta odontol Scand 2012 Jul;70(4):297-
+
+18. 
+
+302. 
+
+Sasaki H, Hamanaka I, Takahashi Y, Kawaguchi T. Effect of long-term water immersion or thermal shock on mechanical properties of high-impact acrylic denture base resins. Dent Mater J 2016;35(2):204-9.
+
+_________ _______ _______ __---_--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+## How to cite:
+
+Rahab Ghoveizi, Sara Tavakolizadeh, Aida Raftarifarimani, Argin Barzanji. Comparative study of flexural strength of four acrylic resins before and after thermocycling process. J Dent Sch 2018;36(3):95-98.

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+![](figure)
+
+useful to extend to a broader population including elderly participants. Spatial ability assessment provides the potential to act as an early stage diagnostic tool for Alzheimer’s dementia (AD), because spatial disorientation is one of the earliest symptoms [24, 44–48]. Currently there is no standardized test for navigation deficits with AD patients, as diagnostics measures are still focused on episodic memory deficits, despite their low sensitivity and specificity for identifying at-risk individuals [26]. Sea Hero Quest wayfinding task having real-world ecological validity holds future promise for controllable, sensitive, safe, low-cost, and easy to administer digital cognitive assessment.
+
+# Supporting information
+
+S1 Fig. Wayfinding virtual task. Maps of wayfinding Sea Hero Quest levels 1, 6, 11, 16 and
+
+43. Starting position and facing direction are indicated by a pale blue arrow, ordered goals by red flags. Participants must memorize the map, and then navigate towards the goals in the right order as quick as possible. (PDF)
+
+S2 Fig. Wayfinding real-world task in London (UK). Maps of real-world wayfinding routes (top). Starting position and facing direction are indicated by a yellow arrow, ordered goals by red dots. Participants must memorize the map, and then walk towards the goals in the right order as quick as possible. Goals are materialized by remarkable doors (bottom). (PDF)
+
+S3 Fig. Wayfinding real-world task in Paris (France). Maps of real-world wayfinding routes (top). Starting position and facing direction are indicated by a green arrow, ordered goals by yellow dots. Participants must memorize the map, and then walk towards the goals in the right order as quick as possible. Goals are materialized by remarkable facade (bottom). (PDF)
+
+S4 Fig. Path integration task in the virtual and real-world environments. A—Maps of Sea Hero Quest path integration levels 14, 34, 44, 54 and 74. B—Itineraries of the path integration task in Paris (France). Each color corresponds to a different itinerary. (PDF)
+
+S5 Fig. Path integration gender effect. Gender differences for the path integration task in the video game (right) and in the real world (left) in Paris. In the real world, path integration performance is the opposite of the average error angle. In the video game, path integration performance is the average number of stars. Both measures have been standardized for comparison. Black dots represent individual data points. Error bars represent standard errors. (PDF)
+
+S1 Video. Visualization of the wayfinding task in London and in the video game. Credits to OpenStreetMap contributors. (MP4)
+
+# Acknowledgments
+
+We thank Emmanuelle Bourigault and Mariam Yusuf for help in collecting pilot data in London.
+
+# Author Contributions
+
+Conceptualization: Lena Coutrot, Michael Hornberger, Hugo J. Spiers.

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+41, 52], Zn2+ [41, 53-55], Sr2+ [25, 56], Pb2+ [57], etc., the replacement of PO43ˉ by
+
+HPO42ˉ [58], CO32ˉ [40, 41, 59-62] or SiO44ˉ [63-65], and OHˉ by Fˉ [29, 41, 66-68]
+
+or Clˉ [69]. In this review, the substitution of different kinds of cations and anions
+
+into HA will be extensively studied, with emphasis on the substitution effect on the
+
+phase evolution, mechanical and biological properties.
+
+#### 2.3.1 Incorporation of cation into HA
+
+The chemical composition of hexagonal HA (within the ideal P63/m space group) is
+
+Ca(I)4Ca(II)6(PO4)6(OH)2 (c.f. Figure 2-1). The local atomic configurations are
+
+displayed in Figure 2-4. The Ca(I) site is surrounded by six PO43ˉ tetrahedral and
+
+coordinated by nine oxygen ions. The Ca(II) site is seven coordinated with six
+
+oxygen ions from PO43ˉ and one oxygen ion from OHˉ [70, 71]. It has been
+
+reported that the larger cations usually occupy the Ca(II) sites and the smaller ones
+
+prefer the Ca(I) sites, because the nearest distance among Ca(I) sites is smaller than
+
+that among Ca(II) sites [72]. The substitution of cations into HA tends to cause the
+
+HA structure disordering, and influence the phase, mechanical and biological
+
+properties.

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+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+FIG. 1 (color online). Shaded (normalized) isocontours of \(A_{z}\) in the \((x;y)\) plane at \(z0,t30\) in the asymmetric case. Minimum and maximum values are \(0:002\).
+
+\[k_{?}^{-1}\]
+
+values are represented by the darker (lighter) regions, corresponding to a clockwise (counterclockwise) magnetic field. This figure clearly shows that the resulting magnetic field is characterized, in the asymmetric case, by a bubble-like shape with typical length scale of the order of a few \(d_{e}\) both in the perpendicular and in the parallel directions, i.e., by \(k_{k}^{-1}k_{?}^{-1}d_{e}\). On the other hand, in the symmetric case, the magnetic field structures are strongly anisotropic being elongated in the beams direction, i.e., \(k_{k}^{-1} d_{e}\). Similar results (not presented here) have been obtained, aside from the localization of the magnetic field around the resonance for two initially homogeneous beams. We define the perpendicular and parallel averaged spectrum of \(A_{z}\) as the Fourier spectrum averaged along the \(z\) direction and in the \((x;y)\) plane, respectively (and the same for the total density). As expected, in both cases the perpendicular spectra increase at \(k_{?}<1\) and reach a maximum at \(k_{?}1\), corresponding to \(d_{e}\). At larger wave
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+FIG. 2 (color online). Shaded (normalized) isocontours of \(A_{z}\) in the \((x;y)\) plane at \(z0,t25\) in the symmetric case. Minimum and maximum values are \(0:015\).
+
+vectors, \(k_{?}10\) the spectra decrease due to numerical dissipative effects of a filter, based on a fast-Fourier-transform algorithm, necessary for code stability [24]. Let us now discuss the longitudinal spectra which measure the characteristic length scale of the magnetic ‘‘filaments’’ in the beams’ direction. In Fig. 4, first two frames, we see that the \(A_{z}\) spectrum peaks are located at \(k_{k}’0:8\) and at \(k_{k}0\) for the asymmetric and symmetric case, respectively. This corresponds to a characteristic length scale of the order of a few \(d_{e}\) in the asymmetric case, i.e., to a ‘‘bubblelike’’ magnetic structure, and to an ‘‘infinite’’ length scale, i.e., to very long magnetic filaments, in the symmetric case. By comparing the asymmetric density spectrum, third frame, we observe the same peak at \(k_{k}’0:8\), but with a spectrum decrease towards \(k_{k}0\). Moreover, in the symmetric case the density peak is not at \(k_{k}0\), as observed for \(A_{z}\) since at \(k_{k}0\) the TS contribution is lost and the mode becomes purely electromagnetic. Furthermore, the perpendicular density spectrum (not shown here), driven by nonlinear effects, is more than 2 order of magnitude smaller than the parallel one and rapidly decreases at \(k_{?}<1\). We therefore conclude that, in this regime, the density fluctuations are mainly driven by the TS contribution. However, density perturbations will strongly change their nature in the further regime when strong nonlinear effects and charge separation effects (induced by the self generated magnetic field) become important. Our model of a relativistic beam propagating in a dense plasma shows that the Weibel instability generates bubble-like magnetic structures with typical parallel and perpendicular length scales of the order of a few \(d_{e}\). This loss of
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+FIG. 3 (color online). Shaded isosurfaces of \(A_{z}\) at \(t30\) and \(t25\) in the asymmetric \((A_{z}0:0009)\) and symmetric \((A_{z} 0:008)\) case, left and right frame, respectively.

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+# Contents
+
+## When we have not what we like, we must like what we have. Comte de Bussy-Rabutin
+
+<table>
+<tr>
+<th>1</th>
+<th>Basic Graph Theory</th>
+<th>.</th>
+<th>.</th>
+<th>.</th>
+<th>.</th>
+<th>.</th>
+<th>.</th>
+<th>.</th>
+<th>.</th>
+<th>.</th>
+<th>.</th>
+<th>1</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>1.1 Graphs, Subgraphs and Factors</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>2</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>1.2 Paths, Cycles, Connectedness, Trees . . .</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>5</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>1.3 Euler Tours</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>13</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>1.4 Hamiltonian Cycles</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>15</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>1.5 Planar Graphs</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>21</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>1.6 Digraphs</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>25</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td rowspan="4">2</td>
+<td>1.7 An Application: Tournaments and Leagues</td>
+<td></td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>29</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Algorithms and Complexity</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>35</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>2.1 Algorithms</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>36</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>2.2 Representing Graphs</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>38</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>2.3 The Algorithm of Hierholzer</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>41</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>2.4 How to Write Down Algorithms</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>44</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>2.5 The Complexity of Algorithms</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>46</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>2.6 Directed Acyclic Graphs</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>49</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>2.7 An Introduction to NP-completeness . . .</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>52</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td rowspan="4">3</td>
+<td>2.8 Five NP-complete Problems</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>56</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Shortest Paths</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>65</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>3.1 Shortest Paths</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>65</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>3.2 Finite Metric Spaces</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>68</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>3.3 Breadth First Search and Bipartite Graphs</td>
+<td></td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>69</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>3.4 Shortest Path Trees</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>74</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>3.5 Bellman’s Equations and Acyclic Networks</td>
+<td></td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>76</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>3.6 An Application: Scheduling Projects . . .</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>79</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>3.7 The Algorithm of Dijkstra</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>83</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>3.8 An Application: Train Schedules</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>88</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>3.9 The Algorithm of Floyd and Warshall . .</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>91</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>3.10 Cycles of Negative Length</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>96</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>3.11 Path Algebras</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>.</td>
+<td>97</td>
+</tr>
+</table>

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+570 Mio. Da spiele etwas nicht. Man könne nicht zuerst Kredite verlangen und dann solche Änderungen vornehmen ohne den Bundesrat und evt. die eidg. Räte zu orientieren. Herr Chaudet bemerkt, dass die KTA vorsichtshalber noch eine Teuerungsreserve von 100 Mio. vorgesehen habe. Der schweizerische Mirage unterscheide sich vom französischen, vor allem durch die Elektronik. Man könne uns kaum einen Vorwurf machen, dass wir die beste Elektronik wollten. Das Profil des Flugzeuges bleibe das gleiche, es bleibe ein Mirageflugzeug. Der Sprechende wiederholt, dass die Zahlen sehr vorsichtig gerechnet worden seien. Für die Luftverteidigung werde man einen Plafond von 2,5 Milliarden nicht übersteigen. Herr Bonvin kann dem zustimmen, wünscht aber, dass man in der Botschaft die Widersprüche rechtfertige, mit dem was man 1961 erklärt habe[^30]. Der Herr Bundespräsident stellt fest, dass der Rat heute dem Botschaftsentwurf nicht zustimme. Herr Spühler wünscht, dass in der Botschaft militärpolitische Überlegungen gemacht werden. Herr Chaudet nimmt von dieser Anregung Kenntnis. Die Botschaft könne Ende März oder Anfangs April herauskommen. Es wird beschlossen, dass die Miragebotschaft den eidg. Räten jetzt angekündigt werden soll. [...][^31]
+
+[^30]: Handschriftliche Marginalie von F. Weber: Er wird den Mitgliedern noch Vergleichsta-
+
+bellen zukommen lassen.
+
+[^31]: Für das vollständige Dokument vgl. dodis.ch/31973. Zum weiteren Verlauf der Mirage-
+
+Affäre vgl. Dok. 180, dodis.ch/32042, Anm. 7.

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+# Residence and Dining Facilities
+
+The Yale Housing Office has dormitory and apartment units available for graduate and professional students. Dormitories are single-occupancy and two-bedroom units of varying sizes and prices. They are located across the campus, from Edward S. Harkness Memorial Hall, serving the medical campus, to Helen Hadley Hall and the newly built 272 Elm Street, serving the central/science campus. Unfurnished apartments consisting of efficiencies and one-, two-, and three-bedroom apartments for singles and families are also available. Family housing is available in Whitehall and Esplanade Apartments. The Housing website (https://housing.yale.edu) is the venue for graduate housing information and includes dates, procedures, facility descriptions, floor plans, and rates. Applications for the new academic year are available beginning April 20 and can be submitted directly from the website with a Yale NetID. The Yale Housing Office also manages the Off Campus Living listing service (http://offcampusliving.yale.edu; 203.436.9756), which is the exclusive Yale service for providing off-campus rental and sales listings. This secure system allows members of the Yale community to search rental listings, review landlord/property ratings, and search for a roommate in the New Haven area. On-campus housing is limited, and members of the community should consider off-campus options. Yale University discourages the use of Craigslist and other third-party nonsecure websites for off-campus housing searches. The Yale Housing Office is located in Helen Hadley Hall (HHH) at 420 Temple Street and is open from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday; 203.432.2167.
+
+### Edward S. Harkness Memorial Hall
+
+Harkness Hall, located only steps away from the School of Medicine and Yale New Haven Hospital, houses students from the Schools of Medicine, Nursing, and Public Health, the Physician Associate program, and other graduate and professional schools at Yale. Residents of Harkness Hall live in a secure building with single-occupancy bedrooms. Yale administrative offices occupy the first through third floors of the building. The great advantages of living in Harkness Hall are its close proximity to classes and the opportunity it provides in bringing together students from the various medical-related fields in a relaxed social setting. For additional information visit https:// housing.yale.edu.
+
+### Café Med
+
+Café Med, located in Harkness Hall at the School of Medicine, is open from 7:30 a.m. to 7 p.m., Monday through Friday. The menu enhances convenience and choice, with a customizable salad, soup, and rice bar utilizing local and seasonal ingredients; specialty coffees and fresh pastries; a grab-and-go selection of freshly made salads, sandwiches, and entrées; and a daily hot food option. For additional information visit https://hospitality.yale.edu/retail/cafe-med.

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+<table>
+<tr>
+<th>Stof</th>
+<th>Hvor kommer det fra?</th>
+<th>Hvad fortæller det om?</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<th>16O-, 17O- og 18O-isotoper i isen</th>
+<th>Havet via skyer til sne</th>
+<th>Temperaturen i luften</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Uopløselige mikropartikler (støv)</td>
+<td>Vindblæst støv fra kontinenterne (hovedsagelig fra Asien), mikrometeoritter fra rummet, vulkansk aske og biologisk materiale</td>
+<td>Vindaktiviteten, vindretninger, størrelsen af ørkenområder, solsystemets oprindelse, hvilke vulkaner der har været i udbrud, dyre- og planteliv</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Salt</td>
+<td>Havsalt fra havet</td>
+<td>Storme over havet, udbredelse af havis, vindsystemer</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Salpetersyre og ammonium</td>
+<td>Biologiske processer ved varmere breddegrader, lynudladninger, industri og landbrug</td>
+<td>Den biologiske aktivitet, skovbrande og forureningen fra bilkørsel, industri og landbrug</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Svovlsyre, saltsyre, flussyre</td>
+<td>Biologiske processer, vulkanudbrud, olie- og kulafbrænding</td>
+<td>Den biologiske aktivitet, vulkanudbrud og moderne forurening</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Calcium- og magnesiumkarbonater</td>
+<td>Opløst kontinentalt støv</td>
+<td>Vindaktivitet, vindretninger og ørkenområder</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Drivhusgasserne kuldioxyd og metan</td>
+<td>Biologiske processer i havet og på kontinenterne, afbrænding af fossilt brændstof, moderne landbrug</td>
+<td>Graden af biologisk aktivitet, vekselvirkningen mellem drivhusgasserne og klimaet</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Kunstige gasser</td>
+<td>Freon fra køleanlæg og industri</td>
+<td>Graden af forurening med gasser, som ødelægger atmosfærens ozonlag</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Tungmetaller, f.eks. bly</td>
+<td>Blyudvinding og afbrænding, minedrift og industri</td>
+<td>Graden af blyforurening, belastningen af det arktiske miljø fra tungmetaller</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Kulstof-14, beryllium-10 og</td>
+<td>Naturlige radioaktive stoffer</td>
+<td>Kosmisk stråling, Solens stråleintensitet og</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>klor-36</td>
+<td></td>
+<td>Jordens magnetfelt; alder</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Cæsium-137 og strontium-90</td>
+<td>Menneskeskabte radioaktive stoffer</td>
+<td>Atombombesprængninger og A-kraftværksulykker</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>DNA</td>
+<td>Biologisk arvemateriale</td>
+<td>Tidligere tiders plante- og dyreliv</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+Ved at undersøge, hvorledes syren fra et givet udbrud fordeler sig i årlagene, kan vi desuden bestemme, om udbruddet er sket langt fra Grønland, f.eks. i Indonesien eller i Middelhavet, tættere på, f.eks. i Alaska, eller helt tæt på, i Island. Vesuvs udbrud i år 79 efter Kristi fødsel er det ældste udbrud, vi har historiske kilder om. Det var dette udbrud, som begravede de romerske byer Pompeji og Herculanum uden for Napoli. Det forhold, at vi finder spor af udbruddet netop i det rigtige år, bekræfter, at vi tæller rigtigt i vores bestemmelser af årlag. Tidspunktet for udbruddet, eller rettere eksplosionen af øen Santorini (Thera) i det Ægæiske Hav har stor arkæologisk betydning. Udbruddet skete i den minoiske periode, og både selve eksplosionen og den efterfølgende flodbølge ødelagde mange havnebyer i Middelhavet. Ved at datere arkæologiske fund bl.a. med kulstof 14-metoden mente arkæologerne, at udbruddet skete 1400-1500 år f.Kr. Der har dog været stor usikkerhed om tidspunktet. Iskernerne viser et lag med svovlsyre i år 1643 f.Kr. Imidlertid kan man ikke ud fra svovlsyren alene bestemme, om dette lag virkelig stammer fra Santorini. Svovlsyre er svovlsyre, så det kunne komme fra en anden vulkan. Men ved at tage prøver ud fra iskernen i netop dette lag har man fundet mikroskopiske askepartikler. Og disse askepartiklers kemiske sammensætning har Santorinis kemiske »fingeraftryk«. Vi er derfor overbevist om, at Santorini i Grækenland eksploderede mellem år 1636 og år 1646 f.Kr. Vi regner nemlig med, at vi højst har talt 10 år forkert i denne dybde af iskernen.
+
+# Aldersbestemmelse dybt nede i isen
+
+Efterhånden som lagene synker dybere ned i isen, bliver de tyndere, og samtidig diffunderer 16O- og 18Oisotoperne i isen så forskellene mellem sommer- og vintersne langsomt bliver udvisket. Vi kan derfor ikke tælle årlag med isotoper hele vejen ned. Det viser sig, at mange andre af de målte stoffer også har sæsonmæssige udsving, og de overtager rollen som årlagsindikatorer. Særligt isens indhold af uopløselige mikropartikler viser sig at være en god dateringsparameter. De store forårsstorme bringer nemlig store mængder støv ind over isen, således at vi kan se forhøjede koncentrationer af uopløselige mikropartikler i forårsla-

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+# TÓXICOS E GUERRAS
+
+## HUMBERTO EUSTÁQUIO SOARES MARTINS*
+
+## Desembargador do Tribunal de Justiça de Alagoas
+
+A Organização das Nações Unidas, ONU, recomenda a todas as nações a fixação de impostos mais altos para bebidas alcoólicas e fumo, assim como medidas especiais de proteção para segmentos da população que julga mais frágeis e vulneráveis, tais como profissionais do sexo e usuários de drogas injetáveis. Recomenda também que a publicidade de bebidas alcoólicas seja limitada. Esses segmentos estão em situação de alto risco, no que concerne ao consumo de tóxicos e ao alcoolismo.
+
+A maconha é a droga mais consumida pela juventude, porém, nos últimos anos, tem ocorrido um enorme crescimento do uso de substâncias sintéticas. Embora reconheça o esforço da maior parte das nações para conter a utilização de estimulantes ilícitos, a ONU destaca que os jovens consomem cada vez mais pílulas, como o ecstasy, principalmente em locais de diversão.
+
+Nas nações subdesenvolvidas, inclusive no Brasil, o crescimento do consumo de drogas sintéticas ocorre mais em camadas economicamente privilegiadas, de maior poder aquisitivo. Nos países ricos, esse fenômeno é generalizado.
+
+Além de tóxicos e fumo, a ONU está preocupada com as conseqüências de conflitos localizados nas camadas mais jovens da população. Embora atinjam a totalidade da comunidade, as guerras localizadas prejudicam mais os jovens, que têm tolhidas assim suas oportunidades de educação e trabalho. Nessas oportunidades, crescem também as dimensões de crimes tais como a violência sexual.
+
+![](figure)

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+## Resumen
+
+El trabajo aquí presentado tuvo por objetivo de identificar lecciones contemporáneas de proyecto a partir de un análisis de la producción arquitectónica y urbanística en Brasilia. Se trata de una ciudad brasileña en la que la arquitectura y el urbanismo tuvieron papel protagonista, pero que la crítica postmoderna condenó a una condición negativa de error limitando su valor a una dimensión puramente histórica considerada no pertinente como referencia de proyecto. Para poder superar ese juicio de valor y alcanzar otras posibilidades de análisis, procedemos, en un primer momento, a la lectura de textos alineados con el procedimiento del manifiesto retroactivo. A continuación, se organizaron talleres internacionales que se valieron de ese procedimiento para observar las situaciones arquitectónicas y urbanas existentes y discutir sobre las posibilidades de articulaciones teóricas con consecuente construcción de un repertorio de lecciones de proyecto. Este trabajo nos llevó a explorar la posibilidad de reinterpretación de la producción históricamente reconocida de la arquitectura y del urbanismo situados en el área del Plan Piloto de Brasilia a partir de referenciales teóricos contemporáneos, otorgando así a ella un nuevo y actualizado entendimiento. nos permitió reconocer el potencial teórico y proyectual de situaciones denominadas ordinarias encontradas sobre todo en las áreas periféricas de expansión metropolitana de la capital federal en las cuales la producción erudita de la arquitectura y del urbanismo es en general ausente pero donde fue posible encontrar sorprendentes lecciones para ser aprendidas y incorporadas a la enseñanza de teoría y diseño ofrecido por nuestras escuelas.
+
+## Resumo
+
+O trabalho aqui apresentado teve por objetivo de identificar lições contemporâneas de projeto a partir de uma análise da produção arquitetônica e urbanística em Brasília. Tratase de uma cidade brasileira em que a arquitetura e o urbanismo tiveram papel protagonista, mas que a crítica pós-moderna condenou à uma condição negativa de erro limitando seu valor a uma dimensão puramente histórica considerada não-pertinente enquanto referência de projeto. Para poder superar esse juízo de valor e alcançar outras possibilidades de análise, procedemos, num primeiro momento, à leitura de textos alinhados com o procedimento do manifesto retroativo. Em seguida, foram organizadas oficinas internacionais que se valeram desse procedimento para observação das situações arquitetônicas e urbanas existentes e discussão sobre as possibilidades de articulações teóricas com consequente construção de um repertório de lições de projeto. Esse trabalho nos levou a explorar a possibilidade de reinterpretação da produção historicamente reconhecida da arquitetura e do urbanismo situados na área do Plano Piloto de Brasília a partir de referenciais teóricos contemporâneos, conferindo assim a ela um novo e atualizado entendimento. Ele também nos permitiu reconhecer o potencial teórico e projetual de situações ditas ordinárias encontradas sobretudo nas áreas periféricas de expansão metropolitana da capital federal nas quais a produção erudita da arquitetura e do urbanismo é em geral ausente, mas onde foi possível encontrar surpreendentes lições para serem aprendidas e incorporadas ao ensino de teoria e projeto oferecido por nossas escolas.
+
+## Abstract
+
+The objective of this work was to identify contemporary design lessons based on an analysis of architectural and urban projects in Brasilia. This is a Brazilian city in which architecture and urbanism played a leading role, but which postmodern criticism erroneously condemned by limiting its value to a purely historical dimension considered to be irrelevant as a project reference. In order to overcome this value judgment and to achieve other possibilities for analysis, a number of texts aligned with the retroactive manifesto procedure were examined. Subsequently, an international workshop was organized that used this procedure to observe the existing architectural and urban situations and discuss the possibilities for theoretical coordination with the consequent construction of a repertoire of design lessons. This work led to exploring the possibility of reinterpreting the historically-recognized production of architectural and urban projects located within the area of the Brasilia Pilot Plan from the perspective of contemporary theoretical references, thus generating a new and updated understanding of the local projects. The workshop also made it possible to recognize the theoretical and design potential of so called ordinary situations encountered mainly in the peripheral areas of the metropolitan expansion of the federal capital, in which the erudite production of architecture and urbanism is generally absent, but where it was possible to find surprising lessons to be learned and incorporated into the teaching of theory and design offered by our schools.
+
+# PREPRINT
+
+Tambi��n
+
+#### Palabras claves:
+
+Análisis, diseño, teoría, crítica,
+
+#### Palavras chaves:
+
+Análise, desenho, teoria, crítica, Brasília
+
+#### Keywords:
+
+Analysis, design, theory, review, Brasilia

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+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+"We are trying to create this kind of a fiber optic waveguide on chip," Agarwal explains. "So it's like a fiber, but on a chip, and therefore what we need is a core with a high (refractive) index and a cladding with a low index." Silicon carbide and silicon oxide have a large enough difference in their refractive indices that they work together well as the core and cladding for a waveguide.
+
+NanoStructures Laboratory in the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics.
+
+"We came up with the right type of chemistries in this reaction and controlled the gas flows and the plasma, or, in other words, the details of the processing recipe," Ma says. "This recipe is really selective to etch silicon carbide compared to silicon dioxide, which made it possible for us to shape the silicon carbide photonic devices and have a smooth waveguide sidewall," Ma says. The smooth sidewall is critical for maintaining the optical signals in the photonic device, he notes.
+
+The researchers achieved the record quality factor in this study using the plasma enhanced chemical (PECVD) process to deposit the silicon carbide, at a temperature that is compatible with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) silicon chip processing, and developing a method to pattern and etch the silicon carbide ring resonator, which is coupled to a straight waveguide.
+
+The main sources of light loss in these resonators are absorption of photons in the ring material and/or scattering of photons caused by edge roughness of the ring device. "Danhao's processing yielded smooth sidewalls, which enabled low loss and a high Q (quality) factor resonator," Agarwal explains.
+
+# Overcoming challenges
+
+MIT graduate student Ma overcame several processing challenges to make the high-quality resonator. When Ma began working on silicon carbide materials for this study about three years ago, there was no existing recipe for how to etch a pattern into the amorphous silicon carbide material when it is deposited on a silicon dioxide substrate. "Silicon carbide is a very rigid and physically and chemically hard material, so, in other words, it's very difficult for it to be removed or etched," Ma says.
+
+To deposit and etch the silicon carbide waveguide on silicon oxide, Ma first used electron beam lithography to pattern the waveguides and reactive ion dry etching to remove excess silicon carbide. But his first attempts using a typical polymer-based mask didn't work because the process removed more of the mask than the silicon carbide. Ma then tried a metal mask, but grain boundaries from the mask carried over to the silicon carbide, leaving behind rough sidewalls in the waveguides. Roughness is undesirable because it increases photon scattering and light loss. To resolve the issue, Ma developed a technique using a silicon dioxide-based mask for the reactive ion etching. During the process development, Ma worked closely with Qingyang Du, an MIT postdoc, and Mark K. Mondol, assistant director of the
+
+"The beauty of this silicon carbide material and the technique that we used here in the paper is that the PECVD process of silicon carbide is an inexpensive process, standard in the silicon microelectronics industry," says Ma, whose research concentration is materials design and engineering for integrated photonics. "Use of the existing microelectronics processes will make the adoption of silicon carbide into the integrated photonic and integrated electronic platforms easier." The PECVD and reactive dry ion etching processes he used don't require the lattice matching and other critical demands of epitaxial growth on silicon, and is substrate-agnostic, Ma says.
+
+# Better performance
+
+Tan has studied silicon nitride materials and other CMOS materials for their nonlinearity for several years. "For (amorphous) silicon carbide, you would have a better enhancement when cast as a resonator compared to ultra-silicon-rich nitride, and it also has a higher nonlinear refractive index than stoichiometric silicon nitride, which is prolific in nonlinear optics," Tan says.
+
+Several kinds of photon absorption known as two-photon and three-photon absorption are typically

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+[14].
+
+Emara, W. M., Moez, K. K., & Elkhouly, A. H. (2014). Topical versus intravenous Tranexamic Acid as a blood conservation intervention for reduction of post-operative bleeding in Hemiarthroplasty. Anesthesia, Essays and Researches, 8(1), 48–53.
+
+Petajl J, Myllynen I, Myllyla G, Vahtera E. Fibrinolysis after application of a pneumatic tourniquet. Acta Chir Stand 1987; 153:647-
+
+[15].
+
+[16].
+
+51. 
+
+Ahn J, Man L-X, Park S, Sodl JF, Esterhai JL. Systematic review of cemented and uncemented Hemiarthroplasty outcomes for femoral neck fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2008;466 (10):2513–8.
+
+[17].
+
+Bierbaum, B. E. et al: An analysis of blood management in patients having a total hip or knee arthroplasty. JBJS [Am]1999, 81-A(1): 2-10.
+
+[18].
+
+Sehat KR, Evans RL, Newman JH. Hidden blood loss following hip and knee arthroplasty.Correct management of blood loss should take hidden loss into account. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2004;86:561–5.
+
+[19].
+
+Na HS, Shin HJ, Lee YJ, Kim JH, Koo KH, Do SH. The effect of Tranexamic Acid on blood coagulation in Total Hip Arthroplasty arthroplasty: Rotational thromboelastographic analysis. Anaesthesia. 2016;71(1):67–75.
+
+[20].
+
+Georgiadis AG, Muh SJ, Silverton CD et al: A prospective double-blind placebo Controlled trial of topical Tranexamic Acid in Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty, 2013; 28(8): S78–82.
+
+[21].
+
+Iwai T, Tsuji S, Tomita T, Sugamoto K, Hideki Y, Hamada M. Repeat-dose intravenous Tranexamic Acid further decreases blood loss in Total Knee Arthroplasty. Int Orthop. 2013;37(3):441-5.
+
+[22].
+
+Cap AP, Baer DG, Orman JA, Aden J, Ryan K, Blackbourne LH. Tranexamic Acid for trauma patients: a critical review of the literature. J Trauma. 2011;71:S9-14.
+
+[23].
+
+Hynes MC, Calder P, Rosenfeld P, Scott G. The use of Tranexamic Acid to reduce blood loss during Total Hip Arthroplasty: An observational study. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2005;87(2):99–101.
+
+[24].
+
+Sarzaeem MM, Razi M, Kazemian G, Moghaddam ME, Rasi AM, Karimi M. Comparing efficacy of three methods of Tranexamic Acid administration in reducing hemoglobin drop following Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2014;29(8):1521–4.

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+> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred]
+
+DUALITY FOR CROSSED PRODUCTS OF VON NEUMANN ALGEBRAS BY LOCALLY COMPACT GROUPS
+
+BY YOSHIOMI NAKAGAMI
+
+Communicated June 30, 1975
+
+The duality for crossed products of von Neumann algebras by locally compact abelian groups has been obtained by Takesaki [4]. We shall generalize this result to a locally compact (not necessarily abelian) group by using the Fourier algebra in place of the dual group.
+
+Let \(G\) denote a locally compact group with a right invariant Haar measure \$dt\$ , and \(M\) denote a von Neumann algebra over a Hilbert space \(\mathcal{H}\) . By an action of \(G\) on \(M\) we mean a homomorphism \(\sigma: t \in G \mapsto \sigma_t \in \text{Aut}(M)\) such that for each \(x \in M\) the mapping \(t \in G \mapsto \sigma_t(x)\) is \(\sigma\) -strongly* continuous. Let \(\{\pi_\sigma, \lambda\}\) be a covariant representation of \(\{M, \sigma\}\) on \(\mathcal{H} \otimes L^2(G)\) defined by
+
+\[\begin{cases} (\pi_\sigma(x)\xi)(s) \equiv \sigma_s(x)\xi(s), & \xi \in \mathcal{H} \otimes L^2(G), \\ \lambda(r)\xi(s) \equiv \xi(sr), & r, s \in G. \end{cases}\]
+
+Then the crossed product \(\mathcal{R}(M; \pi_\sigma)\) of \(M\) by \(G\) is the von Neumann algebra generated by \(\pi_\sigma(M)\) and \(\lambda(G)\) .
+
+THEOREM 1. A necessary and sufficient condition that a mapping \(\alpha\) of \(M\) into \(M \otimes L^\infty(G)\) be induced by an action \(\sigma\) with
+
+\[(\alpha(x)\xi)(s) = \sigma_s(x)\xi(s), \quad x \in M, \xi \in \mathcal{H} \otimes L^2(G),\]
+
+is that \(\alpha\) be an isomorphism with the commutative diagram:
+
+\[(1) \quad \begin{array}{ccc} M & \xrightarrow{\alpha} & M \otimes L^\infty(G) \\ \alpha \downarrow & & \downarrow \alpha \otimes \iota \\ M \otimes L^\infty(G) & \xrightarrow{\iota \otimes \delta} & M \otimes L^\infty(G) \otimes L^\infty(G), \end{array}\]
+
+where \((\delta f)(s, t) \equiv f(st)\) for \(f \in L^\infty(G)\) .
+
+For the right regular representation \(\lambda_G\) of \(G\) on \(L^2(G)\) , i.e.,
+
+\[(\lambda_G(s)f)(t) \equiv f(ts), \quad f \in L^2(G), s, t \in G,\]
+
+let \(R(G)\) denote the von Neumann algebra generated by \(\lambda_G(G)\) . Let \(\gamma\) denote the isomorphism of \(R(G)\) into \(R(G) \otimes R(G)\) defined by
+
+AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 46L10.
+
+Key words and phrases. von Neumann algebra, crossed product, duality.
+
+Copyright © 1975, American Mathematical Society
+
+[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter.

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+## O23 SURGICAL REPAIR OF PARASTOMAL BULGING - A REGISTER-BASED STUDY
+
+Marianne Krogsgaard1, Ismail Gögenur2, Frederik Helgstrand2, Rune Martens Andersen3, Anne Kjærgaard Danielsen4, Anders Vinther4, Tobias Klausen4, Jens Hillingsø5, Bo Marcel Christensen5, Thordis Thomsen4 1Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Department of Surgery, Koege, Denmark, 2Zealand University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Koege, Denmark, 3Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Region Zealand, The Research Unit Progrez, Denmark, 4Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Denmark, 5Rigshospitalet, Denmark
+
+Aim: To examine the incidence of primary and recurrent repair and types of repair performed in patients with parastomal bulging. Material and Methods: We linked prospectively collected data on parastomal bulging from the Danish Stoma Database to surgical data on repair of parastomal bulging from the Danish National Patient Register. Survival statistics provided cumulative incidences and time until primary and recurrent repair Results: Of 1016 patients, registered from 2010-2017 with a permanent stoma and a parastomal bulge, 180 (18%) underwent surgical repair. The cumulative incidence of a primary repair was 9% (95% CI [8%; 11%]) within 1 year and 19% (95% CI [17%; 22%]) within 5 years after the occurrence of a parastomal bulge. For colostomies and ileostomies, we found similar probability of undergoing primary repair. For recurrent repair, the 5-year cumulative incidence was 5% (95% CI [3%; 7%]). The probability of undergoing further recurrent repair was 33% (95% CI [21%; 46%]) within 5 years. For primary repair, open or laparoscopic repair with mesh (43%) and stoma revision (39%) were performed almost equally frequent. Stoma revision and repair with mesh could precede and follow one another as primary and recurrent repair. Stoma reversal was performed in 17% of patients. Conclusions: Our data offered a new and comprehensive view of the course of surgical treatment of parastomal bulging. Five years after the occurrence of a parastomal bulge the estimated probability of undergoing a repair was 19%. The probability of undergoing recurrent repair was high and stoma reversal more common than expected.

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+![](figure)
+
+## Disertační práce
+
+# Didaktika animované tvorby s využitím digitálních technologií
+
+## Didactics of Animated Art Using Digital Technologies
+
+| Autor: | Mgr. MgA. Pavel Trnka |
+| --- | --- |
+| Studijní program: | P8206 Výtvarná umění |
+| Studijní obor: | 8206V102 Multimédia a design |
+| Školitel: | Prof. Ondrej Slivka ArtD. |
+| Oponenti: | Prof. Mgr. Ľudovít Labík, ArtD. (oponent) |
+
+Doc. Vladimír Malík, ArtD (oponent)
+
+## Zlín, duben 2018

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+# A Closer Look at Credit Ratings for CDOs
+
+### Rama CONT
+
+### &
+
+### Amal \(\text{MOUSSA}^{*}\)
+
+## Dept of Statistics & Center for Financial Engineering Columbia University, New York
+
+&
+
+## Laboratoire de Probabiltés et Mod`eles Aléatoires, CNRS (Paris)
+
+#### Abstract
+
+Credit ratings assigned by rating agencies to structured credit products have played an important role in the development of the structured credit market, which has been cast into the limelight by the recent credit crisis. This study aims at clarifying some misconceptions related to CDO ratings, their interpretation and their use.
+
+We first describe the rating approaches used by major agencies for CDOs and other structured credit products. Most rating agencies have been using static factor models which are slight variations on the Gaussian copula model allowing for intersector and intrasector correlations. Using this framework, we explore several issues related to CDO ratings. Our findings can be summarized as follows:
+
+- Given the leveraged nature of CDOs, the downgrade risk of a CDO tranche can be quite different from a bond with same initial rating. Therefore, a simple labeling via default probability or expected loss does not discriminate sufficiently their downgrade risk.
+
+- CDO tranche ratings require assumptions on the dependence structure of the default times and are thus exposed to model risk. We explore this model risk for CDO and CDO-squared tranches in a multisector factor model.
+
+- The interaction between the rating threshold and the structuring procedure can cause new issues to have tranches structured ”at the limit” of rating categories and thus a high probability of downgrading.
+
+- Migration probabilities for tranches with similar rating can vary from structure to structure even for the same underlying debt portfolio: two tranches with the same rating can have completely different transition probabilities.
+
+∗The paper will be presented by Amal Moussa. Email: am2810@columbia.edu

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+# ON HARDING AVE
+
+![](figure)
+
+# Ike’s Diner Now Open on Harding
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Joining the list of popular culinary establishments in the downtown district is Ike’s Diner, located at 9476 Harding Avenue. The Diner was created by a partnership between long-time restaurateur Samir Elnomany and Kosher Chef Yossi Horowitz. The diner serves breakfast all day, pastas, salads, pizzas, fish, sandwiches, ice cream by the scoop and delicious iced coffees. Ike’s Diner is serving from 7:30 a.m. – 11 p.m. every day except Saturday. Home deliveries are available. For more information, call (305) 397-8559.
+
+##### Other businesses scheduled to open soon
+
+In the near future look for these news businesses in the downtown district:
+
+- Starbucks - 9560 Harding (late August opening)
+
+- Harvest Moon - 9427 Harding
+
+- Tiberius - 9472 Harding
+
+- Yogurt Spot – 9519 Harding
+
+#### Business Improvement District in Planning
+
+On July 17th a public meeting was held to discuss the possibility of creating a Business Improvement District (BID) for Downtown Surfside. Redevelopment Management Associates (RMA) presented information on how BIDs work and described possible BID programs for Downtown Surfside. Similar to a Homeowners Association, but for commercial properties, a BID formalizes a process for property and business owners to work together to improve a commercial district. Property and business owners will finalize plans for a BID and bring the project for approval by the Town Commission. For more information, contact Duncan Tavares - Tourism, Economic Development & Community Services Director - at 305-864-0722.
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Isaac Bashevis Singer Street Sign ✓ Unveiled
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+(L-R) Special Projects Director Randy Stokes, Commissioner Marta Olchyk and Town Manager Mike Crotty join residents at the unveiling.
+
+Isaac Bashevis Singer, a 1978 winner of the Nobel Prize for literature and a leading figure in Yiddish literature, was a resident of the Town in the 1980s. Now the Surfside street named in his honor has new, more prominent signage. A brief ceremony attended by residents and Town officials marked the unveiling of the signs on 95th Street. In addition to the Nobel prize, Singer also won two National Book Awards for his novels and short story collections. He died on July 24, 1991.
+
+# Parking Lot Renovations Planned
+
+The Town Commission has approved renovations and new landscaping for two major parking lots in the downtown Surfside district. The first is the Abbott lot between 95th and 96th Streets (west of Harding Avenue behind the CVS and Flanigan’s). The other is the 94th Street lot (on the southeast corner of 94th and Harding Avenue). Contractors Lynx Construction and Luke’s Landscaping will be working with Public Works to complete the renovation. The project is scheduled to begin before the end of August.
+
+# Streetscape Improvement Takes Next Step
+
+The plans for the Harding Avenue Streetscape are now being reviewed by the Florida Department of Transportation, since Harding Avenue is a state-owned street. The Town is planning to start the project as soon as it is approved by the Florida DOT. Designed by the firms of Stantac and Rosenberg Gradner, the Harding Avenue Streetscape plan will transform the downtown area with Medjool palms, colorful tropical shrubs and pocket parks with benches, pavers and street crossings.

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+Table 2. Threshold voltage assignment of the three proposed registers.
+
+|  | Register 1 | Register 2 | Register 3 |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| M1 | low-Vth | low-Vth | low-Vth |
+| M2 | low-Vth | high-Vth | low-Vth |
+| M3 | low-Vth | high-Vth | low-Vth |
+| M4 | low-Vth | low-Vth | low-Vth |
+| M7 | low-Vth | low-Vth | high-Vth |
+| M8 | low-Vth | low-Vth | high-Vth |
+| M9 | low-Vth | low-Vth | high-Vth |
+| M10 | low-Vth | low-Vth | high-Vth |
+| M13 | high-Vth | low-Vth | low-Vth |
+| M14 | high-Vth | low-Vth | low-Vth |
+| M17 | high-Vth | low-Vth | low-Vth |
+| M18 | high-Vth | low-Vth | low-Vth |
+| M19 | high-Vth | low-Vth | low-Vth |
+| M20 | high-Vth | low-Vth | low-Vth |
+| M21 | high-Vth | low-Vth | low-Vth |
+| M22 | high-Vth | low-Vth | low-Vth |
+
+### 4.3. Reduction in the Leakage Current
+
+The amount of reduction in the leakage current achieved by utilizing the proposed three registers is evaluated in this section. Four CMOS technology generations, 45 nm, 32 nm, 22 nm, and 16 nm, are considered using a predictive technology model [28,29]. The register illustrated in Figure 8 is simulated for each technology node where the \(W/L\) ratios of the transistors are maintained constant. The leakage current drawn from the power supply is evaluated for the three registers and the results are compared with the leakage current of the original register where only low-Vth transistors are used. The results are illustrated in Figure 9. Note that for the first register, the state of the clock signal does not change the results since all of the high-Vth transistors are within the slave latch. For the second and third registers, however, high-Vth transistors exist within the tristate inverters. The state of the clock signal is therefore important in evaluating the results. For example, for the second register, clock signal should be at VSS to guarantee that the initial tristate inverter is not in the high impedance state. Similarly, for the third register, clock signal should be at VDD so that the second tristate inverter located along the feedback path is not in the high impedance state. The leakage current of the original register is therefore compared with the first two registers and third register when the clock signal is, respectively, at VSS and VDD. The leakage current increases with technology, exhibiting a large jump in the 16 nm node. A significant amount of reduction in the leakage current, 79% on average, is achieved by the first register since the number of high-Vth transistors is higher, as listed in Table 2. The second register also achieves a considerable amount of reduction in the leakage current, 13% on average and higher below 32 nm

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+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Flow cytometric analysis of human ICAM3(CD50) expression on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Cells were stained with purified anti-Human ICAM3(CD50), then a FITC-conjugated second step antibody. The histogram were derived from events with the forward and side light-scatter characteristics of viable lymphocytes.
+
+Flow cytometry was performed on a BD FACSCalibur flow cytometry system. Please refer to www.sinobiological.com/Flow-Cytometry-FACS-Protocols-a-750.html for technical protocols.

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+special education teachers. Two special education teachers were selected for interview from the
+
+San Francisco Bay area. The following is a summary of the questions, responses and discussions
+
+obtained from the interview with the special and education teachers:
+
+## Special Education Teachers
+
+## How would you describe your opportunities to work with your students outside of the main classroom?
+
+Both teachers states that they spend 60% or more of their time outside of the general
+
+education classroom. During this time they either teach special day classes such as math or
+
+language arts or work with small groups of students on content areas of need as set out in their
+
+IEP. These time allotments are dictated and controlled by the IEP requirements of their students.
+
+One of the other main tasks they undertake is testing IEP goals through, among other things, the
+
+progress monitoring of students. During these progress monitoring sessions these students are
+
+tested one- on -one through informal assessments. The time periods that the special education
+
+teachers are working with the students that are being “pulled out” range from 15 minutes to an
+
+hour.
+
+The teachers also use IPads in their classrooms to play academic games. When the
+
+teachers are working with the students on their IEP goals they are, most of the time, using their
+
+own special education curriculum, which is either phonics, based or touch math. One of the two
+
+teachers sent a note to all of the general education teachers saying that she would be happy to
+
+work with the students sent to her on all assignments and projects that were being worked on in
+
+the general education classroom. However the other teacher states that the only time she works
+
+on general education assignments is when there is a test or quiz that needs to be finished.

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+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+# UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
+
+### Lattice models with N=2 supersymmetry
+
+Fendley, P.; Schoutens, K.; de Boer, J.
+
+#### Publication date 2003
+
+## Published in Physical Review Letters
+
+#### Link to publication
+
+## Citation for published version (APA):
+
+Fendley, P., Schoutens, K., & de Boer, J. (2003). Lattice models with N=2 supersymmetry. Physical Review Letters, 90, 120402.
+
+## General rights
+
+It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).
+
+## Disclaimer/Complaints regulations
+
+If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.

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+Gold R. (1952). Janitors versus Tenants: A Status-Income Dilemma, American Journal of Sociology, 57 (5), 486-493.
+
+Gold R. L. (1964). In the Basement. The Aparment-Building Janitor, in P. L. Berger (ed.), The Human Shape of Work. Studies in the Sociology of Occupations, New York, Macmillan, 1-49.
+
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+Latour B. (2011). “What’s the story ?” Organizing as a mode of existence, in J. H. Passoth, B. Peuker & M. Schillmeier, eds., Agency without Actors?, London, Routledge.
+
+Marchal H. (2006). Le petit monde des gardiens-concierges. Un métier au cœur de la vie HLM, Paris, L’Harmattan, 213 p.
+
+Orlikowski W. J. & Yates J. (2002). It’s about Time: Temporal Structuring in Organizations, Organization Science, 13 (6), 684-700.
+
+Raveyre M. & Ughetto P. (2006). “On est toujours dans l’urgence” : surcroît ou défaut d’organisation dans le sentiment d’intensification du travail ?, in P. Askenazy, D. Cartron, F. de Coninck, M. Gollac (eds.). Organisation et intensité du travail, Toulouse, Octarès, 121-128.
+
+Reynaud J.-D. (1988). Les régulations dans les organisations : régulation de contrôle et régulation autonome, Revue française de sociologie, 29 (1), 5-18.
+
+Sewell W. H., Jr. (1992). A Theory of Structure : Duality, Agency, and Transformation, American Journal of Sociology, 98 (1), 1-29.
+
+Star S. L. & Strauss A. (1999). Layers of Silence, Arenas of Voice: The Ecology of Visible and Invisible Work, Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 8, 9-30.
+
+Taylor J. R. & Robichaud D. (2004). Finding the Organization in the Communication: Discourse as Action and Sensemaking, Organization, 11 (3), 395-413.
+
+Ughetto P. (2011a). Les organismes HLM en lutte contre les dépôts intempestifs d’encombrants et les locataires qui dégradent. Une qualité de service impossible ?, Annales des Mines. Gérer et comprendre (105), 50-58.
+
+Ughetto P. (2011b). Gardien d’immeuble : sentir et ressentir, Communications, (89), 89-100. Weick K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in Organizations, Thousand Oaks, Sage, 224 p.
+
+Pascal UGHETTO est sociologue, professeur à l’Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée, où il réalise ses recherches au sein du LATTS. Ses recherches portent sur les transformations contemporaines de l’activité de travail, la montée des exigences adressées aux salariés dans le cadre des changements technologiques, organisationnels ou managériaux et la façon dont l’organisation soutient ou complique la réalisation de l’activité. Il a mené des enquêtes dans divers secteurs, entreprises et administrations : grande distribution, hôpital, habitat social, musées, ministère des Finances, juridictions de proximité, La Poste.

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+# SMi21: DCmind-SOFT VEREINFACHTE PROGRAMMIERUNG
+
+#### www.crouzet-motors.de
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+### EINFACHE UND INTUITIVE SOFTWARE
+
+Verfügbar in mehreren Sprachen, mit vielfältigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten in allen Leistungsbereichen.
+
+## 2 PROGRAMMIERMODI
+
+› Anwendungsansatz: Sie wählen eine Anwendungsvorlage aus und stellen nur die für Ihre Anwendung spezifischen Parameter ein. Diese Programme arbeiten mit voreingestellten Experten-Programmen. Durch Aufrufen des jeweiligen Experten-Programms können Sie die Parameter feineinstellen.
+
+› Expertenansatz: Für Systemprogramme und Einstellungen zur Automatisierung, die einen breiten Parameterbereich abdecken.
+
+Diese Anwendungs- und Expertenprogramme sind auch als “program manufacturer” in CANopen verfügbar.
+
+### DCMIND SOFT & DCMIND SOFT + CANOPEN
+
+Auf unserer Webseite unter www.crouzet-motors.de zum Download verfügbar oder auf USB-Stick im „Einsteiger-Kit“ lieferbar.
+
+# ANWENDUNGEN
+
+Vielfältige Anwendungsbereiche, in denen Positionsregelung, Bewegungswiederholung und Genauigkeit unerlässlich sind.
+
+↑
+
+![](figure)
+
+Schrittbetrieb, Schuberkennung und proportionale Kraftanpassung
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Zyklischer Betrieb, Anpassung von Drehzahl und Kräften. Umschaltung auf Sicherheitsmodus im Fehlerfall
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Kombination aus mehreren Motoren, Betrieb möglich ohne SPS, einfache Montage
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Menü „Anwendung“
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Menü „Experte“
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Modus „Parameterdefinition“
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Betrieb mit 12 V Batterie, niedriger Stromverbrauch
+
+### LEISTUNGSMERKMALE
+
+## 3 Sprachen
+
+Englisch, Französisch,Deutsch. (Englisch für CANopen)
+
+##### Betriebssystem:
+
+XP Family Edition, XP Pro, Vista, Windows 7.
+
+##### Anwendungsprogramme:
+
+Ventil, Förderband, Zange, Formatverstellung, usw.
+
+##### Experten-Programme:
+
+Position, Drehzahl, Drehmoment mit digitalen oder analogen Eingängen.
+
+## › Zahlreiche Programme für maximale Flexibilität:
+
+- 65.000 proportionale Positionen, wählbar über zwei Eingänge mit 0/10 V
+
+- 30 unabhängige Positionen über digitale Codierung
+
+- Mehrere Ausgangsoptionen zur bedarfsgerechten Konfiguration wählbar
+
+- Möglichkeit, die Eingänge umzukehren, Analogeingänge mit 0/10 V oder PWM zu verwenden oder ihre Endpositionen einzustellen
+
+- Möglichkeit zur Anpassung der PID-Parameter der Regelung für komplexe Anwendungen
+
+- Automatische Erkennung der Referenzposition für die Positionierung (Homing-Funktion)
+
+› Erstellung von speziellen Programmen auf Anfrage, vereinfachte Firmwareaktualisierung durch Bootloader-Funktion
+
+› Laden von Programmen per USB-Verbindung
+
+› Weitere Programme in Vorbereitung, besuchen Sie unsere Website!
+
+### ANWENDUNGSBEISPIELE
+
+Formatanpassung, automatische Zuführung, Synchronisation, Durchflussregelung, präzise Dosierung.
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+↑
+
+S-Kurven-Vorsteuerung und Betrieb mit 12 V Backup-Batterie
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Drehzahl-Vorsteuerung

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+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+FIG. 1. Excitation scheme for LIF-dip spectroscopy in xenon.
+
+# II. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS
+
+In this section we present our experimental investigations on Stark effects of xenon ns and nd levels. First, the experimental arrangement is described in Sec. II A. Next, the results of the measurements are presented in Sec. II B.
+
+# A. Experimental arrangement
+
+The experimental arrangement consisted of a laser system for the excitation of xenon atoms to Rydberg levels, an electrode arrangement for the application of electric fields, and a detection system to monitor fluorescence light. Stark effects in xenon were measured by probing high-lying Rydberg states by LIF-dip spectroscopy. We used a \(2+1-\)photon excitation scheme, shown in Fig. 1, which was similar to that used by Ebata et al. \(18\) for investigations in NO and Czarnetzki et al. \(14\) for atomic hydrogen. First, ground-state xenon atoms were excited to the \(6p1/2_{0}\) level in a two-photon transition at 249.629 nm. Subsequently, fluorescence light with a wavelength of 828.2 nm could be observed as a result of decay to the \(6s3/2_{1}\) state. A second laser was tuned to probe the transition between the intermediate \(6p1/2_{0}\) level and high-lying Rydberg ns and nd states. A resonance for such a transition was detected as a decrease of the fluorescence intensity, because part of the \(6p1/2_{0}\) level population was transferred to the Rydberg state. Therefore, when scanning the second laser and monitoring the fluorescence intensity, a transition to a Rydberg state was detected as a dip in the spectrum. The two lasers necessary for the excitation were both tun-able dye lasers, pumped by the same pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet \(Nd:YAG\) laser. The first dye laser was pumped by the third harmonic of the Nd:YAG laser and operated at 499.258 nm. This light was subsequently frequency doubled by a beta barium borate \(BBO\) crystal to create 249.629 nm photons for the two-photon transition. The second dye laser was pumped by the second harmonic output of the same Nd:YAG laser and operated at wavelengths between 580 and 630 nm.
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+FIG. 2. Schematic diagram of the electrical arrangement for creating short voltage pulses. The high-voltage transistor switch Behlke Electronic GmbH could be triggered externally for synchronization purposes. The electrodes were mounted inside a vacuum chamber, creating a gap of 3 mm.
+
+Both beams were sent to a vacuum chamber containing an electrode arrangement. The two beams were parallel to the electrode surfaces and crossed each other in between the electrodes. The energies of both lasers were reduced to a few hundred microjoules to avoid initiating a discharge and disturbing the applied electric field. The fluorescence light was detected perpendicular to the laser beams by an intensified charge-coupled device \(ICCD\) camera. A lens system and an interference filter imaged the fluorescence light onto the ICCD camera, detecting only 828.2 nm light. We applied a pulsed electric field to parallel plate electrodes, separated by 3 mm, in xenon gas at 50 Pa. The field was pulsed to prevent the formation of a discharge for voltages above the breakdown voltage of the system. Using the electrical scheme shown in Fig. 2, we could apply voltage pulses with a full width at half maximum of about 50 ns and an amplitude of up to 1.5 kV. In this way, the electric field in the gap was controllable and uniform. Finally, the lasers, the ICCD camera and the voltage pulse were synchronized with a delay generator.
+
+# B. Experimental results
+
+## 1. Stark effects for nd levels
+
+We investigated Stark effects for nd\(3/2_{1}\) levels with principal quantum numbers n= 12–15 and n= 18. Figure 3 shows fluorescence-dip spectra for the transition to \(15d3/2_{1}\) in different electric fields. It is clear that the dip at 586.51 nm, corresponding to the \(15d3/2_{1}\) level, moves to longer wavelengths for increasing electric fields. Additionally, for an electric field of 2100 V/cm, we observe extra dips at wavelengths 586.40 and 586.28 nm. These dips correspond to transitions to 13f levels which are forbidden without an electric field, but become allowed when they are mixed with other levels in high electric fields. The shifts of nd\(3/2_{1}\) levels in electric field for principal quantum numbers n= 12–15, and n= 18 are shown in Fig. 4. For applied electric fields between 0 and 4000 V/cm, we measured Stark shifts of up to 4.8 cm−1. The measurements show that the observed shift is higher for larger principal quantum numbers, as expected.
+
+## 2. Stark effects for ns levels
+
+The shifts of ns\(3/2_{1}\) levels in electric fields for principal quantum numbers n= 14–16 are shown in Fig. 5. Applying

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+## • Balancing resistance and infection tolerance through metabolic means PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
+
+Chambers, M. C., Schneider, D. S. 2012; 109 (35): 13886-13887
+
+- Immunity in Society: Diverse Solutions to Common Problems PLOS BIOLOGY
+
+Babayan, S. A., Schneider, D. S. 2012; 10 (4)
+
+- Disease Tolerance as a Defense Strategy SCIENCE
+
+Medzhitov, R., Schneider, D. S., Soares, M. P. 2012; 335 (6071): 936-941
+
+- Pioneering immunology: insect style CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY
+
+Chambers, M. C., Schneider, D. S. 2012; 24 (1): 10-14
+
+- Tolerance of Infections ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 30
+
+Ayres, J. S., Schneider, D. S. 2012; 30: 271-294
+
+## • Drosophila immunity research on the move. Fly
+
+Eleftherianos, I., Schneider, D. 2011; 5 (3): 247-254
+
+## • Reciprocal Analysis of Francisella novicida Infections of a Drosophila melanogaster Model Reveal Host-Pathogen Conflicts Mediated by Reactive Oxygen and imd-Regulated Innate Immune Response PLOS PATHOGENS
+
+Moule, M. G., Monack, D. M., Schneider, D. S. 2010; 6 (8)
+
+## • Relating immune and stress responses to infection resistance and tolerance BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
+
+Schneider, D. 2010; 24 (2): 193-193
+
+## • The Drosophila TNF Ortholog Eiger Is Required in the Fat Body for a Robust Immune Response JOURNAL OF INNATE IMMUNITY
+
+Mabery, E. M., Schneider, D. S. 2010; 2 (4): 371-378
+
+- The Imd Pathway Is Involved in Antiviral Immune Responses in Drosophila PLOS ONE
+
+Costa, A., Jan, E., Sarnow, P., Schneider, D. 2009; 4 (10)
+
+## • A Signaling Protease Required for Melanization in Drosophila Affects Resistance and Tolerance of Infections PLOS BIOLOGY
+
+Ayres, J. S., Schneider, D. S.
+
+2008; 6 (12): 2764-2773
+
+## • MICROBIOLOGY Rogue Insect Immunity SCIENCE
+
+Schneider, D. S., Chambers, M. C. 2008; 322 (5905): 1199-1200
+
+- Two ways to survive infection: what resistance and tolerance can teach us about treating infectious diseases NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
+
+Schneider, D. S., Ayres, J. S. 2008; 8 (11): 889-895
+
+## • Use of a Drosophila Model to Identify Genes Regulating Plasmodium Growth in the Mosquito GENETICS
+
+Brandt, S. M., Jaramillo-Gutierrez, G., Kumar, S., Barillas-Mury, C., Schneider, D. S.
+
+2008; 180 (3): 1671-1678
+
+## • Models of infectious diseases in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster DISEASE MODELS & MECHANISMS
+
+Dionne, M. S., Schneider, D. S.

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+## Årsregnskab for moderselskabet Coloplast A/S for 2007/08

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+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Papallona tigre Danaus chrysippus
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Capgròs comú Carcharodus alceae
+
+Blanqueta de la col Pieris rapae
+
+Migradora dels cards Vanessa cardui
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Daurat fosc
+
+Moreneta
+
+|  | Merlet ruderal | Thymelicus acteon | meridional |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Blaveta | Pyrgus armoricanus |  | Aricia cramera |
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+dels pèsols Lampides boeticus
+
+Blaveta estriada
+
+<table>
+<tr>
+<th></th>
+<th>Aurora groga</th>
+<th></th>
+<th>Leptotes pirithous</th>
+<th></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td rowspan="3">Pòntia comuna</td>
+<td>Anthocharis euphenoides</td>
+<td>Marbrada comuna</td>
+<td></td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>Euchloe crameri</td>
+<td></td>
+<td>Coure comú</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>Lycaena phlaeas</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Pontia daplidice
+
+![](figure)
+
+Griseta mediterrània Polyommatus hispana
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Barrinadora del gerani Cacyreus marshalli
+
+![](figure)
+
+Safranera de l’alfals Colias crocea
+
+Escac ferruginós Melanargia occitanica
+
+![](figure)
+
+Lleonada de garriga Coenonympha dorus
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Blaveta comuna Polyommatus icarus
+
+Atalanta Vanessa atalanta
+
+Damer de la centàurea Melitaea phoebe
+
+Saltabardisses de solell Pyronia cecilia
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Blaveta de la farigola Pseudophilotes panoptes
+
+![](figure)
+
+Faune ziga-zaga Hipparchiafidia
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Marroneta de l’alzina Satyrium esculi
+
+Brocat variable Euphydryas aurinia Bruixa Brintesia circe
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Murri de la pimpinella Spialia sertorius
+
+![](figure)
+
+Arlequí Zerynthia rumina
+
+Turquesa mediterrània Glaucopsyche melanops
+
+Margenera comuna Lasiommata megera
+
+Blaveta del crespinell Scolitantides orion
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Damer dels
+
+|  | conillets |  | Saltabardisses cintada |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Papallona de l’arboç | Melitaea deione | Angelet comú | Pyronia bathseba |
+| Charaxes jasius |  | Leptidea sinapis |  |
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Verdeta d’ull blanc Callophrys rubi
+
+![](figure)
+
+Faune bru Hipparchia statilinus
+
+Verdeta d’ull ros Callophrys avis
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Blaveta de l’heura Celastrina argiolus
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Nimfa mediterrània Limenitis reducta

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+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+# The Use of Face Coverings in Construction during Coronavirus (COVID-19)
+
+## The Use of Face Coverings in Construction has always reflected the latest Government guidance.
+
+Whilst the Government’s Living with COVID-19 plan is clear that the pandemic is not yet over, the removal of the Working Safely during Coronavirus (Covid-19) guidance, along with the health and safety requirement for employers to explicitly consider COVID-19 in their risk assessments, from 1 April 2022 means that the Use of Face Coverings in Construction is no longer current and remains available as a reference document.
+
+## The Site Operating Procedures also remain available as a reference document.
+
+The Construction Leadership Council (CLC) has published this statement on the use of face coverings on construction sites in response to coronavirus to help provide a consistent approach across the industry. It is based on Government guidance in England and other restrictions and advice may apply in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
+
+## Definitions
+
+Face coverings are made from fabric or cloth and cover the mouth and nose to protect others, not the user, from infection. They are not PPE as they do not protect people from work-related hazards and are not made to a recognised standard. Surgical face masks are designed and manufactured to be used in medical settings to limit the spread of infection and they are resistant to droplets of fluids and splashes. Whilst they are made to a recognised standard, they are not considered to be PPE. Visors, which are usually worn to protect the face and eyes, are classed as PPE and protect the user, not others, against droplets carrying infection. Respirators, which are used extensively in construction activities, are classed as PPE and protect people from work-related hazards that cannot be eliminated or reduced in any other way. They should be specific to the hazard identified and provided free of charge by employers.
+
+## Current Government Position
+
+The Government suggests that face coverings should be worn in crowded and enclosed spaces where people may come into contact with others they don’t normally meet. Employers can choose to ask workers to wear a face covering, even though they are not legally required to, but need to consider reasonable adjustments for workers with disabilities, as well as other obligations to workers arising from legislation. Workers may also choose to wear a face covering where it is not legally required. The use of face coverings and/or PPE is not required in response to coronavirus whilst carrying out construction activities, and the Government guidance on Working safely during coronavirus (COVID-19) – Construction and other outdoor work states: Do not encourage the precautionary use of PPE to protect against COVID-19 unless in a clinical setting or responding to a suspected or confirmed case of COVID-19.
+
+## CLC Position
+
+Where workers on site are not required to wear Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE) and their workplace is crowded and enclosed (which may include welfare and changing facilities, site offices, site meeting rooms or site transport) and they come into contact with others they do not normally meet, their employer should make face coverings available and they should be worn.

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+Our results suggest that PR status indeed provides very useful predictive information. The purpose of the study was to refine the evaluation of hormone receptor status by applying a quantified rather than dichotomized assessment. This approach has the disadvantage of rendering smaller subgroups and, consequently, loss of statistical power. Therefore, our results need to be confirmed in additional studies. However, they are promising in that a fractioned evaluation of immunohistochemical hormone receptor expression could easily be adopted and incorporated into clinical practice and clinical trials.
+
+# Acknowledgments
+
+We thank Elise Nilsson for excellent technical assistance.
+
+# References
+
+1. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 1998;351:1451 ^ 67.
+
+2. Baum M, Budzar AU, Cuzick J, et al. Anastrozole
+
+alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: first results of the ATAC randomised trial. Lancet 2002;359: 3131 ^ 9.
+
+3. Goss PE, Ingle JN, Martino S, et al. A randomized trial
+
+of letrozole in postmenopausal women after five years of tamoxifen therapy for early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1793 ^ 802.
+
+4. Coombes RC, Hall E, Gibson LJ, et al. A randomized
+
+trial of exemestane after two to three years of tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1081 ^ 92.
+
+5. Howell A, Cuzick J, Baum M, et al. Results of the
+
+ATAC (Arimidex,Tamoxifen, Alone, or in Combination) trial after completion of 5 years’adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Lancet 2005;365:60 ^ 2.
+
+6. Reiner A, Spona J, Reiner G, et al. Estrogen receptor analysis on biopsies and fine-needle aspirates from human breast carcinoma. Correlation of biochemical and immunohistochemical methods using monoclonal antireceptor antibodies. Am J Pathol 1986;125:443 ^ 9.
+
+7. Allred DC, Bustmante MA, Daniel CO, Gaskill HV, Cruz AB, Jr. Immunocytochemical analysis of estrogen receptors in human breast carcinomas. Evaluation of 130 cases and review of the literature regarding concordance with biochemical assay and clinical relevance. Arch Surg 1990;125:107 ^ 13.
+
+8. Stierer M, Rosen H, Weber R, Hanak H, Spona J, Tuchler H. Immunohistochemical and biochemical measurement of estrogen and progesterone receptors
+
+in primary breast cancer. Correlation of histopathology and prognostic factors. Ann Surg 1993;218:13 ^ 21.
+
+9. Barnes DM, Harris WH, Smith P, Millis RR, Rubens RD. Immunohistochemical determination of oestrogen receptor: comparison of different methods of assessment of staining and correlation with clinical outcome of breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer 1996;74:1329 ^ 30.
+
+10. Molino A, Micciolo R, Turazza M, et al. Prognostic
+
+significance of estrogen receptors in 405 primary breast cancers: a comparison of immunohistochemical and biochemical methods. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1997;45:241 ^ 9.
+
+11. Harvey JM, Clark GM, Osborne CK, Allred DC. Estrogen receptor status by immunohistochemistry is superior to the ligand-binding assay for predicting response to adjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:1474 ^ 81.
+
+12. Mohsin SK, Weiss H, Havighurst T, et al. Progesterone receptor by immunohistochemistry and clinical outcome in breast cancer: a validation study. Mod Pathol 2004;17:1545 ^ 54.
+
+13. Fischer ER, Anderson S, Dean S, et al. Solving
+
+the dilemma of the immunohistochemical and other methods used for scoring estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor in patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Cancer 2005;103:164 ^ 73.
+
+14. Ravdin PM, Green S, Dorr TM, et al. Prognostic
+
+significance of progesterone receptor levels in estrogen receptor-positive patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with tamoxifen: results of a prospective Southwest Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10:1284 ^ 91.
+
+15. Elledge RM, Green S, Pugh R, et al. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR), by ligand-binding assay compared with ER, PgR, and pS2, by immuno-histochemistry in predicting response to
+
+tamoxifen in metastatic breast cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group study. Int J Cancer 2000;89:111 ^ 7.
+
+16. Ferno« M, StMl O, Baldetorp B, et al. Result of two or
+
+five years of tamoxifen correlated to steroid receptor and S-phase levels. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2000; 59:69 ^ 76.
+
+17. Lamy PJ, Pujol P, Thezenas S, et al. Progesterone
+
+receptor quantification as a strong prognostic determinant in postmenopausal breast cancer women under tamoxifen therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2002; 76:65 ^ 71.
+
+18. Bardou VJ, Arpino G, Elledge RM, et al. Progesterone receptor status significantly improves outcome prediction over estrogen receptor status alone for adjuvant endocrine therapy in two large breast cancer databases. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:1973 ^ 9.
+
+19. Ryde¤n L, Jo«nsson PE, Chebil G, et al. Two years
+
+of adjuvant tamoxifen in premenopausal patients with breast cancer: a randomised, controlled trial with long-term follow-up. Eur J Cancer 2005;41: 256 ^ 64.
+
+20. Dowsett M, Cuzick J,Wale C, HowellT, Houghton J, Baum M. Retrospective analysis of time to recurrence in the ATAC trial according to hormone receptor status: an hypothesis-generating study. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:7512 ^ 7.
+
+21. Ryde¤n L, Chebil G, Dufmats M, et al. Adjuvant
+
+tamoxifen to premenopausal women reduces contra-lateral breast cancer. Results from a prospective randomized multicenter study with long-time follow-up. Breast Cancer ResTreat 2003;82:S30.
+
+22. Arpino G,Weiss H, Lee AV, et al. Estrogen receptor-positive, progesterone receptor-negative breast cancer: association with growth factor receptor expression and tamoxifen resistance. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97:1254 ^ 61.

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+## 6. OTROS TIPOS DE LÁSER
+
+En los últimos 20 años se han desarrollado más tipos de láser que los ya comentados, pero con escasa repercusión, como por ejemplo el láser de CO2 (22), el láser excimer (23) y el Erbium:YAG que tanto a nivel in vivo como in Vitro puede considerarse una alternativa prometedora al Ho:YAG. Sin embargo, no han tenido apenas relevancia y prácticamente se han abandonado los estudios salvo con este último.
+
+# CONCLUSIONES
+
+1. El uso del láser en el tratamiento de las estenosis uretrales es una alternativa válida, eficaz y segura, a la uretrotomía óptica; sin embargo por el momento no se ha demostrado que sea mejor que esta.
+
+2. La elección del tratamiento es cirujano dependiente, y ninguna técnica ha mostrado claramente ser superior a las demás.
+
+3. Se precisan estudios prospectivos a largo plazo, con un mayor número de pacientes y con mayor seguimiento
+
+4. La tecnología láser es cara y no esta disponible en todos los centros.
+
+# AGRADECIMIENTOS
+
+Fotos cortesía del Dr. Álvaro Serrano.
+
+# BIBLIOGRAFÍA y LECTURAS RECOMENDADAS (*lectura de interés y ** lectura fundamental)
+
+1. SACHSE, H.: “Zur Behandlung der Harnrohrenstriktur”. Fortschr. Med., 92: 12, 1974.
+
+- *2. GÓMEZ SANCHA, F.: “Fotovaporización prostática con láser KTP”. Silmi Moyano, A y Moreno Sierra, J. Endourología, Laparoscopia y Terapia mínimamente invasiva en Urología, Clínicas Urológicas de la Complutense, 11: 879, 2005.
+
+3. KAMAL, B.A.: “The use of the diode láser for treating uretrhal strictures”. BJU Int., 87: 831, 2001.
+
+- 4. GUAZZIERI, S. y cols.: “980-nm diode láser treatment for recurrent urethral strictures”. Eur. Urol., 39: 19, 2001.
+
+5. PERKASH, I.: “Ablation of urethral strictures using contact chisel crystal firing neodymium: YAG láser”. J. Urol., 157: 809, 1997.
+
+6. BULLOW, H.; BULLOW, V.; FROHMULLER, H.G.W.: “Transurethral láser urethrotomy in men: Preliminary report”. J. Urol., 121: 286, 1979.
+
+- 7.
+
+DOGRA, P.N.; ARON, M.; RAJEEV, T.P.: “Core tr-hough urethrotomy with the neodymium: YAG láser for posttraumatic obliterative strictures of the bulbomembranous urethra”. J. Urol., 161: 81, 1999.
+
+8. 
+
+DOGRA, P.N.; NABI, G.: “Core trhough urethrotomy using the neodymium: YAG láser for obliterative urethral strictures after traumatic urethral disruption and/or distraction defects: Long term outcome”. J. Urol., 167: 543, 2002.
+
+9. 
+
+DOGRA, P.N.; NABI, G.: “Nd: YAG láser core-through urethrotomy in obliterative posttraumatic urethral strictures in children”. Pediatr. Surg. Int., 19: 652, 2003.
+
+10. 
+
+SMITH, J.A. Jr.: “Treatment of benign urethral strictures using a sapphire tipped neodymium: YAG láser”. J. Urol., 142: 1221,-1989.
+
+- 11.
+
+DOGRA, P.N.; ANSARI, M.S.; GUPTA, N.P. y cols.: “Holmium láser core through urethrotomy for traumatic obliterative strictures of urethra: Initial experience”. Urology, 64: 232, 2004.
+
+12. 
+
+MATSUOKA, K.; INOUE, M.; IIDA, S. y cols.: “Endoscopic antegrade láser incision in the treatment of urethral stricture”. Urology, 60: 968, 2002.
+
+13. 
+
+KAMP, S.; KNOLL, T.; OSMAN, M.M. y cols.: “Lowpower holmium: YAG láser urethrotomy for treatment of urethral strictures: functional outcome and quality of life”. J. Endourol., 20: 38, 2006.
+
+- 14.
+
+LAGERVELD, B.W.; LAGUNA, M.P.; DEBRUYNE, F.M. y cols.: “Holmium: YAG láser for treatment of strictures of vesicourethral anastomosis after radical prostatectomy”. J. Endourol., 19: 497, 2005.
+
+15. 
+
+THOMAS, M.A.; ONG, A.M.; PINTO, P.A. y cols.: “Management of obliterated urinary segments using a láser fiber for access”. J. Urol., 169: 2284, 2003.
+
+16. 
+
+FUTAO, S.; WENTONG, Z.; YAN, Z.: “Application of endoscopic Ho: YAG láser incision technique treating urethral strictures and urethral atresias in pediatric patients”. Pediatr. Surg. Int., 22: 514, 2006.
+
+- 17.
+
+SHANBERG, A.; BAGHDASSARIAN, R.; TANSEY, L. y cols.: “KTP 532 láser in treatment of urethral strictures”. Urology, 32: 517, 1988.
+
+18. 
+
+TUREK, P.J.; MALLOY, T.R.; CENDROM, M. y cols.: “KTP-532 láser ablation of urethral strictures”. Urology, 40: 330, 1992.
+
+- 19.
+
+SCHMIDLING, F.; OSWALD, M.; ISELIN, C. y cols.: “Vaporization of urethral stenosis using the KTP 532 láser”. Ann. Urol., 31: 38, 1997.
+
+20. 
+
+ADKINS, W.C.: “Argon láser treatment of uretrhal stricture and vesical neck contracture”. Láser Surg. Med., 8: 600, 1988.
+
+- *21.
+
+BECKER, H.C.; MILER, J.; NOSKE, H.D. y cols.: “Transurethral láser urethrotomy with the Argon láser: Experience with 900 urethrotomies in 450 patients from 1978 to 1993”. Urol. Int., 55: 150,1995.
+
+- *22.
+
+McNICHOLAS, T.A.; COLLES, J.; BROWN, S.G. y cols.: “Treatment of urethral strictures with a prototype CO2 láser endoscope”. Láser Surg. Med., 3: 427, 1988.
+
+23. 
+
+BAUR, H.; SCHNEIDER, W.; ATTWEIN, J.E.: “Treatment of recurrent urethral strictures by photoablation with Excimer láser”. Baus Abstracts Book, pág. 118, 1992.

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+Table : Classification of two simulated s-TSH values from , individuals according to the bivariate distribution and the combination of RCVs and univariate reference limits. Classified as normal according to the bivariate distribution were the pairs of measurement within the central  % of that distribution. Classified as normal according to the combination of RCVs and univariate reference limits were those pairs of measurements where the difference between them was within RCVs and both measurements were within the univariate reference range.
+
+| Combination of non-parametric | Bivariate distribution | Total |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| RCVs and reference limits |  |  |
+|  | Normal Abnormal |  |
+| Normal | ,  | , |
+| Abnormal | , , | , |
+| Total | , , | , |
+
+and 0.960 (95 % CI 0.957 to 0.962) for those with x1 above the median. The graphical study of the s-sodium data is presented in a supplementary figure. The sensitivity of the combination of univariate reference limits and RCVs for identifying pairs of x1 and x2 lying outside the central 95 % of the bivariate distribution of s-sodium was 100 %. The specificity for identifying pairs of x1 and x2 lying inside the central 95 % of the bivariate distribution was 92.5 %.
+
+# Discussion
+
+If the physician does not know the patient’s setpoint value of s-TSH and wants to judge the clinical condition from s-TSH in two samples taken a time apart, we believe that the physician basically wants to assess whether the patient is healthy and stable. Then the two s-TSH values could be compared against the bivariate distribution in Figure 1, which represents a stable, euthyreot population. As clearly shown in Figure 1, the lines of the 2.5 and 97.5 percentile univariate reference limits in combination with the 2.5 and 97.5 percentile RCVs do not accurately delineate the central 95 % of the points of the bivariate distribution of x1 and x2. The space between the RCV lines contains 95 % of the points, as do the space between each set of reference limits, but the space between the RCVs and the reference limits is not congruent with the ellipse marking the central 95 % of the bivariate distribution. The RCV lines are approximately tangent to the ellipse marking the central 50 % of the distribution and cut through the other ellipses. Compared to the central 95 % of the bivariate distribution, the combination of univariate reference limits and RCVs had a fair specificity of 92.2 % but a lower sensitivity of 80.2 %. Without the assistance of univariate reference limits, the RCVs showed a particularly low sensitivity. Obviously, RCVs are not designed to detect healthiness, as the area between the limits of RCVs includes analyte concentrations from zero to infinity (Figure 1). These considerations are not limited to s-TSH; probability density contour plots for bivariate distributions are not straight lines for any analyte, as indicated in the Supplementary Figure. In the example of s-sodium, the diagnostic accuracy of the univariate reference limits and RCVs was considerably better than for s-TSH. Obviously, how well the combination of univariate reference limits and RCVs delineate the corresponding bivariate distribution must be studied for each analyte. Looking at the ellipses marking the various central proportions of the bivariate distribution and the line of equality (Figure 1), it is obvious that regression towards the mean does occur in this scenario. If the measured value in the first specimen (x1) is relatively low, the measured value in the second specimen (x2) is most likely to be higher, and vice versa. The median values of the difference x2 − x1 and the ratio x2/x1 for pairs with x1 below and above the median value of x1 showed the same phenomenon, as expected, because a difference in percent is equivalent to a ratio. We prefer ratios in this setting. Thus, the idea of RCVs as a constant fraction of the first measurement is flawed, a finding in accordance with a previous study [7]. We estimated the RCVs both parametrically and non-parametrically, to see whether the two methods gave different results. They did not; the two methods of estimation gave almost identical RCV lines. They were symmetrical about the equality line, and asymmetrical in the y direction. We simulated the s-TSH-values assuming a Gaussian distribution around the setpoints; still, the nonparametrically derived RCVs based on the simulated values were asymmetrical in the y direction. We believe our data set was theoretically sound. Data were derived from a Gaussian distribution truncated at ±3 standard deviation, and transformed to lognormally distributed data as coming from an euthyreot (healthy) population. Each data pair was generated from the same, individual setpoint value, so the data represented a stable population. All data pairs were generated with the same CVI of 17.9 % [4], thus the variance was homogeneous. The value of 3.4 % for CVA is the total CVA in our laboratory, estimated from quality control values over several months. Truncation at ±3 standard deviation when generating population set-point and individual values were done because those distributions are not really Gaussian (they do not include values from minus to plus infinity) and often values outside ±3 standard deviation are regarded as outliers. Note that this work deals with how the physician might interpret two s-TSH values from the same patient when the patient’s setpoint value is unknown. It has no relevance if the physician needs to judge a time series of three or more measured values of the same analyte. Neither does it go

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+> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred]
+
+square method. The values of \(B\) and \(C\) , so obtained, are given in Table 2 with the standard deviation, \(\sigma\) , and the probable error, \(P.E.\) , calculated by the equation
+
+\[P.E. = 0.6745\sigma. \quad (5)\]
+
+In Fig. 3, the excess viscosity of Freon-12 and Freon-22 vapours is plotted versus density. Zero-density viscosity of Freon-12 and Freon-22 vapours
+
+It is important to realize that the determination of viscosity at any temperature and density requires information regarding the temperature dependence of zero-density viscosity. The temperature dependence of zero-density viscosity may be represented by an equation of the form
+
+\[\mu_0 = B_0\sqrt{T} - C_0. \quad (6)\]
+
+where the constants, \(B_0\) and \(C_0\) , depend on the nature of the vapour.
+
+The constants, \(B_0\) and \(C_0\) , for Freon-12 and Freon-22 vapours are evaluated by matching equation (6) to the zero-density viscosity-temperature data presented in Table 1 using the method of least squares. The values of \(B_0\) and \(C_0\) , so obtained, are given in Table 3. The standard deviation is calculated by equation (4) and the probable error by equation (5).
+
+Table 3. Constants, \(B_0\) , \(C_0\) and reliability information for Freon-12 and Freon-22 vapours based on zero-density viscosity data given in Table 1
+
+<table> <thead> <tr> <th>Refrigerant</th> <th>Constant<br>\(B_0 \times 10^6\)</th> <th>Constant<br>\(C_0 \times 10^6\)</th> <th>Standard deviation<br>\(\sigma \times 10^6\)</th> <th>Probable error<br>\(P.E. \times 10^6\)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Freon-12</td> <td>10.57</td> <td>59.77</td> <td>1.6643</td> <td>1.1226</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Freon-22</td> <td>13.25</td> <td>102.65</td> <td>0.5334</td> <td>0.3598</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
+
+Fig. 3 Variation of excess viscosity of Freon-12 and Freon-22 vapours with density
+
+Fig. 4 Zero-density viscosity of Freon-12 and Freon-22 vapours
+
+[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter.

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+## C. Expiring Work Authorization
+
+Human Resources notification will initiate the reverification process by prompting the Foreign National Administrator to notify the employee of the need to reverify his or her employment eligibility in advance of the expiration and to complete reverification before the expiration of employment eligibility. Reverifying Employees in H, TN, or O Status)
+
+(See Section V(C)(1) Extension of Nonimmigrant Petitions:
+
+## D. Examining Original Documents after Receipts are Presented
+
+A tickler must also be kept by the Foreign National Administrator to initiate reverification for an employee who, at the time of hire presents a receipt for replacement document(s). Notification should be sent 30 days and 14 days before the expiration of the initial 90-day period of employment and should remind the employee to present the original document(s) no later than 90 days from the first day of hire. The tickler should also prompt the examination of the original document before the expiration of the 90-day period.
+
+# VII. Central Retention and Storage of I-9 Forms
+
+I-9 forms for current and terminated employees should be stored in different files.
+
+## A. Current Employees
+
+The law requires employers to properly complete and retain a Form I-9 for every current employee hired after November 6, 1986.
+
+All I-9 forms must be maintained separately from the employee’s personnel file. I-9s should remain stored and locked with availability to limited authorized personnel. All documents may be used only for I-9 purposes. The records may not be copied or distributed without authorization from the Vice Chancellor of Human Resources and the University’s Chief Legal Office.
+
+## B. Terminated Employees
+
+I-9 forms for terminated employees must be kept for either one year from the date of termination of employment OR three years from the date of hire, whichever is longer.
+
+## C. Rehires
+
+An employee who leaves the University, regardless of the length of separation and is subsequently rehired must complete a new Form I-9, unless the employee is being hired within 3 years of completion of the original I-9 Form and is still eligible to be employed based upon the same documentation.
+
+## D. Foreign National (non-immigrant)
+
+I-9 forms for foreign national (non-immigrant) employees will be filed separate from other I-9 forms.

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+majority-black district was 66.1% black, while the part placed in the majority-white district was 44.5% black. The split precinct map, APSX 269, clearly shows
+
+how the drafters separated majority-black blocks from majority-white blocks in
+
+this precinct.
+
+c. In the Wall Street Comm Ctr precinct, the drafters placed 817
+
+blacks and 507 whites in majority-black HD 82, while they placed 51 blacks and
+
+229 whites in majority-white HD 81. SDX 405 at 170-71. The part of this
+
+precinct placed in the majority-black district was 60.3% black, while the part
+
+placed in the majority-white district was 17.8% black. The split precinct map,
+
+APSX 270, clearly shows how the drafters separated majority-black blocks from
+
+majority-white blocks in this precinct.
+
+116. Race was the predominant factor motivating the drafters’ decision to
+
+place a significant number of voters within or without HD 82.
+
+HD 83, Lee, Chambers, and Russell Counties.
+
+117. The drafters reached and exceeded their 57.03% black target for HD
+
+83 by only 0.67%. APSX 01. A net total of 4,934 persons were added to HD 83
+
+to bring it within +1% deviation, 3,086 blacks and 1,595 whites. SDX 403 at 7;
+
+SDX 406 at 7.
+
+118. The drafters split the Lee County boundary in 4 House districts, the

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+uvážiť, pretože vybraným ukazovateľom budeme merať plnenie cieľa niekoľko rokov. Inými slovami, nie je vhodné meniť ukazovatele pre ten istý cieľ každý rozpočtový rok alebo dokonca počas rozpočtového roka, pokiaľ neexistuje relevantný dôvod (napr. ak má cieľ definovaný len jeden ukazovateľ a tento každý rok meníme, stráca sa podstata sledovania plnenia cieľa v čase). Navyše vhodne zvolený ukazovateľ umožní samospráve porovnávať plnenie cieľov v rámci jednotlivých subjektov navzájom.
+
+
+
+Je merateľný - ukazovateľ by mal byť samozrejme merateľný a kvantifikovateľný, aby bolo možné jednoznačne monitorovať a hodnotiť pokrok v plnení cieľa, resp. jeho plnenie či neplnenie.
+
+
+
+Je kontrolovateľný - správnosť zistených hodnôt ukazovateľov by mala byť overiteľná a kontrolovateľná. Rovnako by mala byť overiteľná dôveryhodnosť zdroja a spôsob zberu údajov. Táto vlastnosť môže byť dôležitá z pohľadu hlavného kontrolóra mesta, ale aj z pohľadu verejnosti.
+
+
+
+Je dostupný – pri voľbe merateľného ukazovateľa musíme zvážiť dostupnosť údajov a možnosť ich zberu. Je úplne zbytočné zvoliť pre meranie cieľa ukazovateľ alebo viacero ukazovateľov, ktorých hodnoty sú nedostupné.
+
+
+
+Je nákladovo efektívny – to znamená, že náklady na zber údajov by nemali byť vyššie, ako je informačný prínos pre samosprávu a verejnosť. V opačnom prípade je nutné hľadať iné ukazovatele, ktorými je možné monitorovať a hodnotiť plnenie cieľa.
+
+Pozn. Tvorbe merateľných ukazovateľov sa venuje aj školiaci materiál Prezentácie popisujúce postupy
+
+a procesy pri tvorbe programovej štruktúry a školiaci materiál Vzorové príklady tvorby základných
+
+prvkov programového rozpočtovania.

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+dieser Fortsätze ist ein gutes Unterscheidungsmerkmal für einzelne Arten dieser Gruppe. (So fehlt z. B. hei quadripunctata F. der äußere Fortsatz; der Rand der Valve ist an dieser Stelle etwas vorgezogen und abgerundet.) Charakteristisch und für die Artunterscheidung wichtig ist die Ausbildung des oberen Randes der Valve. Er weist 2 abgerundete Anhänge auf. Der untere scheint durch eine lange schleifenartige Faltung des oberen Randes gebildet zu sein. In den zweiten, ampullenartigen Anhang ragt ein Teil der schwach chitinisierten Harpe. An seiner Spitze stehen einige kurze aber kräftige Borsten. Das Tegumen ist oval, wenig länger als breit. Der bandartige Uncus verjüngt sich allmählich und endet mit scharfer Spitze. Die Bewaffnung des Penis ist verhältnismäßig schwach. In der Mitte fällt ein stärker chitinisierter Streifen, aus dicht stehenden Dornen gebildet, auf. Eine Gruppe mehr zerstreut stehender Dornen befindet sich am Ende des Rohres. In diese Gruppe gehört von den im Niederelbgebiet vorkommenden Arten neben selini B. noch quadripunctata F., von anderen europäischen Arten z. B. flavirena Guen. Eine dritte Gruppe bilden taraxaci Hb., alsines Brahm, respersa Hb. und ambigua F. Der Genitalapparat von taraxaci Hb. möge als Beispiel für diesen Typ dienen. (Abbildg. Nr. 3.)
+
+![](figure)
+
+![](figure)
+
+Abb. 3 Cir. fA/hefis) taraxaci Hb. (Finkenwälder).
+
+Die Valven sind stark einwärts gebogen. Am Ende fällt der mit dichtem Haarbesatz bedeckte Cucullus auf. Sein äußerer Rand

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+of the equality of force electrical and magnetic components Fe = Fg and the equality of the distances roe and rog between the electrical and magnetic charges, respectively:
+
+\[r_{eo}=r_{go}=0.5L_{qo}=0,37\cdot10^{-25}m\] (2.9)
+
+\[_{_{_{_{_{_{_{}}}}}}}F_{F_{F_{g}^{e_{e}}}}=_{=_{=}F4_{4\mu}\pi_{\pi^{g_{0}}}\varepsilon_{r^{0}g_{g^{2}0}^{2}}r_{=^{e0}}^{2}}^{1e^{2}}=_{1.}1_{6}.6_{\cdot1}\cdot_{0}1_{2}0_{N^{33}}^{2}N\] (2.10)
+
+The solution of the system (2.10) is obtained under the condition \(\varepsilon_{0}\mu_{0}С_{0}^{2}=1\)
+
+\[g= \frac{1}{\varepsilon_{0}\mu_{0}} e=C_{0}e\] (2.11)
+
+It may be seen that only when the parameters of the electrical and magnetic components inside the quanton are equal, in particular for the Coulomb forces (2.10), the relationship (2.11) between the values of the elementary magnetic and electrical charges corresponds to the previously determined relationship (2.6). Shorter distances between the charges inside the quanton determine colossal attraction forces (2.10) which characterise the quantised space-time by colossal elasticity. Thus, the electromagnetic symmetry of the quanton determines the relationships (2.6) and (2.1) and also the correspondence of these relationships to the Maxwell equations (2.3) and the Coulomb law (2.10). The Dirac relationship (2.2) does not correspond to (2.3) and (2.10), is not written in the SI system and uses the procedure based on the unambiguous yield of the phase of the wave function of the electron whose parameters include not only the elementary electrical charge e but also other parameters, which determine the wave properties of the electron in the quantised spacetime. It should be accepted that as regards the procedure, Dirac made an error but this does not reduce role in the investigations of the magnetic monopole. In the pure form, the monopole elementary electrical and magnetic charges are included only in the structure of the quanton, and the analysis of the properties of the quanton yielded the true relationships (2.6) and (2.11). In fact, the forces (2.10) inside the quanton are colossal in magnitude

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+> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred]
+
+correctly: 'What do you think Jenny will do next?' 'It's hard to tell.' I could tell that he had enjoyed the evening. You can never tell what he's going to say next. I can't tell the difference between Dan's sisters. 4 [T] (used about a thing) to give information to sb: This book will tell you all you need to know. 5 [I] to not keep a secret: Promise you won't tell! 6 [I] ~ (on sb/sth) to have a noticeable effect: I can't run as fast as I could – my age is beginning to tell!
+
+[DM] all told with everyone or everything counted and included
+
+(I'll) tell you what (informal) used to introduce a suggestion: I'll tell you what – let's ask Diane to take us. I told you (so) (informal) I warned you that this would happen
+
+tell A and B apart → APART
+
+tell the time to read the time from a clock or watch
+PHRV tell sb off (for sth/for doing sth) to speak to sb angrily because they have done sth wrong: The teacher told me off for not doing my homework.
+tell on sb to tell a parent, teacher, etc. about sth bad that sb has done
+
+teiling /'telɪŋ/ adj. 1 showing, without intending to, what sb/sth is really like: The number of homeless people is a telling comment on today's society.
+2 having a great effect: That's quite a telling argument.
+
+telltale /'telteɪl/ adj. giving information about sth secret or private: He said he was fine, but there were telltale signs of worry on his face.
+
+tellurium /te'luəriəm/ noun [U] (symbol Te) (CHEMISTRY) a chemical element. Tellurium is a shiny silver-white substance that breaks easily, found in SULPHIDE ORES. For more information on the periodic table of elements, look at pages R34-5.
+
+telly /'teli/ (pl. tellies) (BrE, informal) = TELEVISION
+
+telnet /"telnet/ noun [U] (COMPUTING) a computer system which allows you to use data and programs on another computer; a connection made using this system ▶ telnet verb (telnetting; telnetted) [T]
+
+temp\(^{1}\) /temp/ noun [C] (informal) a temporary employee, especially in an office, who works somewhere for a short period of time when sb else is ill or on holiday ▶ temp verb [I]
+
+temp\(^{2}\) abbr. temperature: temp 15°C
+
+temper /'tempə(r)/ noun 1 [C,U] if you have a temper you get angry very easily: Be careful of Paul. He's got quite a temper! ☐ You must learn to control your temper. 2 [C] the way you are feeling at a particular time: It's no use talking to him when he's in a bad temper. SYN mood
+
+IDM in a temper feeling very angry and not controlling your behaviour
+
+keep/lose your temper to stay calm/to become angry look at bad-tempered
+
+temperament /'temprə'ment/ noun [C,U] a person's character, especially as it affects the way they behave and feel: to have an artistic/a fiery/a calm temperament
+
+temperamental /,temprə'mentl/ adj. often and suddenly changing the way you behave or feel
+
+temperate /'temparat/ adj. (used about a climate) not very hot and not very cold
+
+temperature =0 /'tempratfa(r)/ noun
+
+1 [C,U] how hot or cold sth is: Heat the oven to a temperature of \(200^{\circ}\)C. ☐ a high/low temperature ☐ an increase in temperature 2 [C] how hot or cold a person's body is
+
+have a temperature (HEALTH) (used about a person) to be hotter than normal because you are ill take sb's temperature (HEALTH) to measure the
+
+temperature of sb's body with a special instrument (a thermometer)
+
+template /'templt/ noun [C] 1 a shape cut out of a hard material, used as a model for producing exactly the same shape many times in another material 2 a thing that is used as a model for producing other similar examples: If you need to write a lot of similar letters, set up a template on your computer.
+
+temple /'templ/ noun [C] 1 (RELIGION) a building where people pray to a god or gods: a Buddhist/Hindu temple 2 (ANATOMY) one of the flat parts on each side of your FOREHEAD → picture on page 80
+
+tempo /'tempəʊ/ noun (pl. tempos /'tempəuz/) 1 [sing., U] the speed of an activity or event 2 [C,U] (MUSIC) the speed of a piece of music: a fast/slow tempo
+
+temporary → AW /'temprəri/ adj. lasting for a short time; not permanent: a temporary job
+This arrangement is only temporary.
+temporarily /'temprəri/ adv.
+
+tempt /tempt/ verb [T] ~ sb (into sth/into doing sth); ~ sb (to do sth) to try to persuade or attract sb to do sth, even if it is wrong: His dream of riches had tempted him into a life of crime. She was tempted to stay in bed all morning.
+
+temptation /temp'teɪʃn/ noun 1 [U] a feeling that you want to do sth, even if you know that it is wrong: I managed to resist the temptation to tell him what I really thought. She wanted a cigarette badly, but didn't give in to temptation. 2 [C] a thing that attracts you to do sth wrong or silly: All that money is certainly a big temptation.
+
+tempting /'temptɪŋ/ adj. attractive in a way that makes you want to do or have sth: a tempting offer
+
+ten /ten/ number 10
+
+tenacious /tə'neɪʃəs/ adj. not likely to give up or let sth go; determined ▶ tenacity /tə'naesəti/ noun [U]
+
+tenancy /'tenənsi/ noun [C,U] (pl. tenancies) the use of a room, flat, building or piece of land, for which you pay rent to the owner: a six-month tenancy ☐ It says in the tenancy agreement that you can't keep pets.
+
+tenant /'tenant/ noun [C] a person who pays money (rent) to the owner of a room, flat, building or piece of land so that they can live in it or use it: They had evicted their tenants for non-payment of rent.
+tenant farmers (=ones who do not own their own farms) look at landlady, landlord
+
+tend =0 /tend/ verb 1 [I] ~ to do sth to usually do or be sth: Women tend to live longer than men.
+There tends to be a lot of heavy traffic on that road.
+My brother tends to talk a lot when he's nervous.
+2 [I] used for giving your opinion in a polite way: I tend to think that we shouldn't interfere. 3 [I,T] (formal) ~ (to) sb/sth to look after sb/sth: Paramedics tended (to) the injured.
+
+tendency =0 /'tendensi/ noun [C] (pl. tendencies) a ~ (to do sth/towards sth) something that a person or thing usually does; a way of behaving: They both have a tendency to be late for appointments. The dog began to show vicious tendencies. She seems to have a tendency towards depression.
+
+tender\(^{1}\) /'tenda(r)/ adj. 1 kind and loving: tender words/looks/kisses 2 (used about food) soft and easy to cut or bite; not tough: The meat should be nice and
+
+[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter.

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+> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred]
+
+snowboard /'snəʊbɔːd/ noun [C] a type of board that you fasten to both your feet and use for moving down mountains that are covered with snow
+▶ snowboarder noun [C] ▶ snowboarding noun [U]: Have you ever been snowboarding?
+
+snowdrift /'snəʊdrift/ noun [C] a deep pile of snow that has been made by the wind: The car got stuck in a snowdrift.
+
+snowdrop /'snəʊdrɒp/ noun [C] a type of small white flower that appears at the end of winter
+
+snowed 'in adj. not able to leave home or travel because the snow is too deep
+
+snowed 'under adj. with more work, etc. than you can deal with
+
+snowfall /'snəʊfɔːl/ noun 1 [C] the snow that falls on one occasion: heavy snowfalls 2 [U] the amount of snow that falls in a particular place
+
+snowflake /'snəʊfleɪk/ noun [C] one of the small, soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall together as snow
+
+snowman /'snæumæn/ noun [C] (pl. -men /-men/) the figure of a person made out of snow
+
+snowplough (AmE snowplow) /'snəʊplɔː/ noun [C] a vehicle that is used to clear snow away from roads or railways → look at plough
+
+snowy /'snəʊi/ adj. with a lot of snow: snowy weather ◇ a snowy scene
+
+Snr (also Sr) abbr. (especially AmE) Senior
+
+snub /snʌb/ verb [T] (snubbing; snubbed) to treat sb rudely, for example by refusing to look at or speak to them ▶ snub noun [C]
+
+snuck /snvk/ (informal) (especially AmE) past tense, past participle of sneak\(^{1}\)
+
+snuff /snʌf/ noun [U] (especially in past times)
+TOBACCO which people breathe up into the nose in the form of a powder
+
+snuffle /'snʌfl/ verb [I] (used about people and animals) to make a noise through your nose
+
+snug /snʌg/ adj. 1 warm and comfortable: a snug little room ◇ The children were snug in bed. 2 fitting sb/sth closely: Adjust the safety belt to give a snug fit. ▶ snugly adv.
+
+snuggle /'snʌgl/ verb [I] ~ (up to sb); ~ (up/down) to get into a position that makes you feel safe, warm and comfortable, usually next to another person: She snuggled up to her mother. ◇ I snuggled down under the blanket to get warm.
+
+SO\(^{1}\) w0 /səʊ/ adv. 1 used to emphasize an adjective or adverb, especially when this produces a particular result: She's so ill (that) she can't get out of bed. ◇ He was driving so fast that he couldn't stop. ◇ You've been so kind. How can I thank you? 2 used in negative sentences for comparing people or things: She's not so clever as we thought. 3 used in place of something that has been said already, to avoid repeating it: Are you coming by plane? If so, (= if you are coming by plane) I can meet you at the airport. ◇ 'I failed, didn't I?' 'I'm afraid so.' 4 (not with verbs in the negative) also, too: He's a teacher and so is his wife. ◇ 'I've been to New York.' 'So have I.' ◇ I like singing and so does Helen. 5 look at neither 5 used to show that you agree that sth is true, especially when you are surprised: 'It's getting late.' 'So it is. We'd better go.' 6 (formal) (used when you are showing sb sth) in this way; like this: It was a black insect, about so big (=using your hands to show the size). ◇ Fold the paper in two diagonally, like so.
+
+and so on (and so forth) used at the end of a list to show that it continues in the same way: They sell pens, pencils, paper and so on.
+
+I told you so used to tell sb that they should have
+
+listened to your advice: 'I missed the bus.' 'I told you so. I said you needed to leave earlier.'
+
+it (just) so happens (used to introduce a surprising fact) by chance: It just so happened that we were going the same way, so he gave me a lift.
+
+just so → JUST\(^{1}\)
+
+or so (used to show that a number, time, etc. is not exact) approximately; about: A hundred or so people came to the meeting.
+
+so as to do sth with the intention of doing sth; in order to do sth
+
+so much for used for saying that sth was not helpful or successful: So much for that diet! I didn't lose any weight at all.
+
+that is so (formal) that is true
+
+SO\(^{2}\) w0 /səʊ/ conj. 1 with the result that; therefore: She felt very tired so she went to bed early. 2 ~ (that) with the purpose that; in order that: She wore dark glasses so (that) nobody would recognize her. 3 used to show how one part of a story follows another: So what happened next?
+
+IDM so what? (informal) (showing that you think sth is not important) Who cares?: 'It's late.' 'So what? We don't have to go to school tomorrow.'
+
+soak /səʊk/ verb 1 [I,T] to become or make sth completely wet: Leave the dishes to soak for a while. ◇ The dog came out of the river and shook itself, soaking everyone. 2 [I] ~ into/through sth; ~ in (used about a liquid) to pass into or through sth: Blood had soaked through the bandage.
+
+PHRV soak sth up to take sth in (especially a liquid): I soaked the water up with a cloth.
+
+soaked /səʊkt/ adj. (not before a noun) extremely wet: I got soaked waiting for my bus in the rain.
+
+soaking /'səʊkɪŋ/ (also, soaking 'wet) adj. extremely wet
+
+'so-and-so noun [C] (pl. so-and-sos) (informal) 1 a person who is not named: Imagine a Mrs So-and-so telephones. What would you say? 2 a person that you do not like: He's a bad-tempered old so-and-so.
+
+soap w0 /səup/ noun 1 [U] a substance that you use for washing and cleaning: He washed his hands with soap. ◇ a bar of soap ◇ soap powder (=for washing clothes) 2 [C] (informal) =SOAP OPERA ▶ soapy adj.
+
+'soap opera (also informal soap) noun [C] (ARTS AND MEDIA) a story about the lives and problems of a group of people which continues several times a week on television or radio
+
+soar /sɔː(r)/ verb [I] 1 to fly high in the air 2 to rise very fast: Prices are soaring because of inflation.
+
+soaraway /'sɔːrəweɪ/ adj. (BrE) (used especially about success) very great; growing very quickly
+
+sob /spb/ verb [I] (sobbing; sobbed) to cry while taking in sudden, sharp breaths; to speak while you are crying: The child was sobbing because he'd lost his toy. ▶ sob noun [C]: It was heartbreaking to listen to her sobs.
+
+sober\(^{1}\) /'səʊba(r)/ adj. 1 (of a person) not affected by alcohol: He'd been drunk the first time he'd met her, but this time he was stone-cold sober. 2 not funny; serious: a sober expression ◇ Her death is a sober reminder of just how dangerous drugs can be. 3 (of a colour) not bright or likely to be noticed: a sober grey suit
+
+sober\(^{2}\) /'saʊba(r)/ verb
+
+PHRV sober (sb) up to become or make sb become normal again after being affected by alcohol: I need
+
+[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter.

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+
+parliament \(w^{0}\) /'pɑːləmənt/ noun (POLITICS)
+
+1 [C] the group of people who are elected to make and change the laws of a country 2 Parliament [sing.] the parliament of the United Kingdom: a Member of Parliament (MP)
+
+CULTURE
+
+Parliament
+
+The UK Parliament consists of the House of Lords, whose members have been appointed rather than elected, and the House of Commons, whose members have been elected by the people to represent areas of the country (called constituencies).
+
+parliamentary /,pɑːləˈmentri/ adj. (only before a noun) (POLITICS) connected with parliament
+
+parody /'pæradi/ noun [C,U] (pl. parodies) (LITERATURE) a piece of writing, speech or music that copies the style of sb/sth in a funny way: a parody of a spy novel ▶ parody verb [T] (pres. part. parodying; 3rd person sing. pres. parodies; pt, pp parodied)
+
+parole /pəˈrəʊl/ noun [U] (LAW) permission that is given to a prisoner to leave prison early on the condition that they behave well: He's going to be released on parole.
+
+parrot /'pærət/ noun [C] a type of tropical bird with a curved beak and usually with very bright feathers. Parrots that are kept as pets can be trained to copy what people say.
+
+'parrot-fashion adv. without understanding the meaning of sth: to learn sth parrot-fashion
+
+parsley /'pɑːsli/ noun [U] a plant with small leaves that are used in cooking and for food decoration as a HERB
+
+parsnip /'pɑːsnɪp/ noun [C] a long thin white vegetable, that grows under the ground
+
+part\(^{1}\) w0 /pɑːt/ noun 1 [C,U] (a) ~ (of sth) one of the pieces, areas, periods, things, etc. that together with others forms the whole of sth; some, but not all of sth: Which part of Spain do you come from? The film is good in parts. spare parts for a car a part of the body Part of the problem is lack of information. I enjoy being part of a team. 2 [C] (ARTS AND MEDIA) a role or character in a play, film, etc.: He played the part of Macbeth. I had a small part in the school play. 3 parts [pl.] a region or an area: Are you from these parts? 4 (ARTS AND MEDIA) [C] a section of a book, television series, etc.: You can see part two of this programme at the same time next week. 5 [C] an amount or quantity (of a liquid or substance): Use one part cleaning fluid to ten parts water.
+
+the best/better part of sth most of sth; more than half of sth, especially a period of time: They've lived here for the best part of forty years.
+
+for the most part usually or mostly
+
+for my/his/their, etc. part speaking for myself, himself, etc.; personally
+
+have/play a part (in sth) to be involved in sth in part not completely: The accident was, in part, the fault of the driver.
+
+on the part of sb/on sb's part made, done or felt by sb: There is concern on the part of the teachers that class sizes will increase. I'm sorry. It was a mistake on my part.
+
+take part (in sth) to join with other people in an activity: Everybody took part in the discussion.
+
+part\(^{2}\) /pɑːt/ verb 1 [I,T] (formal) ~ (sb) (from sb) to leave or go away from sb; to separate people or things: We exchanged telephone numbers when we parted. He hates being parted from his children for long. 2 [I,T] to move apart; to make things or people
+
+move apart: Her lips were slightly parted. 3 [T] to separate the hair on the head with a COMB in order to make a clear line: She parts her hair in the middle. look at parting
+
+IDM part company (with sb/sth) to go different ways or to separate after being together
+
+PHRV part with sth to give or sell sth to sb: When we went to live in Italy, we had to part with our horses.
+
+part\(^{3}\) /pɑːt/ adv. not completely one thing and not completely another: She's part Russian and part Chinese.
+
+part ex'change noun [U] a way of buying sth, such as a car, in which you give your old one as some of the payment for a more expensive one
+
+partial /'pɑːʃl/ adj. 1 not complete: The project was only a partial success. 2 (old-fashioned) ~ to sth liking sth very much: He's very partial to ice cream.
+▶ partially adv.
+
+partiality /,pɑːfiˈæləti/ noun [U] (formal) unfair support for one person, team, etc. above another: The referee was accused of partiality towards the home team. OPP impartiality
+
+participant AW /pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt/ noun [C] a person who takes part in sth
+
+participate AW /pɑːˈtɪsɪpərt/ verb [I] ~ (in sth) to take part or become involved in sth: Students are encouraged to participate in sporting activities.
+▶ participation AW /pɑː, tɪsɪˈpeɪʃn/ noun [U]
+▶ participatory AW /pɑː, tɪsɪˈpeɪtəri/ adj.: Ordinary people had no participatory role in the Government.
+
+participle /'pɑːtɪsɪpl; ,pɑːtɪsɪpl/ noun [C] (LANGUAGE) a word that is formed from a verb and that ends in -ing (present participle) or -ed, -en, etc. (past participle). Participles are used to form TENSES of the verb, or as adjectives: 'Hurrying' and 'hurried' are the present and past participles of 'hurry'.
+
+particle /'pɑːtɪkl/ noun [C] 1 a very small piece; a bit: dust particles 2 (PHYSICS) a very small piece of matter, such as an ELECTRON or PROTON, that is part of an atom look at alpha particle, elementary particle 3 (LANGUAGE) a small word that is not as important as a noun, verb or adjective: In the phrasal verb 'break down', 'down' is an adverbial particle.
+
+particular w0 /pəˈtɪkjælə(r)/ adj. 1 (only before a noun) used to emphasize that you are talking about one person, thing, time, etc. and not about others: Is there any particular dish you enjoy making? 2 (only before a noun) greater than usual; special: This article is of particular interest to me. 3 connected with one person or thing and not with others: Everybody has their own particular problems. 4 ~ (about/over sth) (not before a noun) difficult to please: Some people are extremely particular about what they eat. look at fussy
+
+IDM in particular especially: Is there anything in particular you'd like to do this weekend?
+
+particularly w0 /pəˈtɪkjæləli/ adv.
+
+especially; more than usual or more than others: I'm particularly interested in Indian history. The match was excellent, particularly the second half.
+
+particulars /pəˈtɪkjæləz/ noun [pl.] (formal) facts or details about sb/sth: The police took down all the particulars about the missing child.
+
+parting /'pɑːtɪŋ/ noun 1 [C,U] saying goodbye to, or being separated from, another person (usually for quite a long time) 2 [C] the line in a person's hair
+
+[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter.

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+> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred]
+
+Gl. ii. 38; Wilbraham, p. 107; Forby, ii. 249. To perk one's self up, to adorn. To perk up again, to recover from sickness.
+
+(4) A perch. Suffolk. "Ovyr the perke to pryk," Skelton, i. 124. It also occurs in Reliq. Antiq. i. 294.
+
+(5) A wooden frame against which sawn timber is set up to dry. East .
+
+PERKERS. Youngrooks. North .
+
+PERKIN. Water cyder.
+
+PERKY. Saucy; obstinate. West .
+
+PERLATANE.
+
+The haule also of this palace was sett fulle of ymagez of golde, and bitwix thame stode perlatanes of golde, in the branches of whilke ther were many maners of fewles. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 25.
+
+PERLESY. A pleurisy.
+
+And smytts hym als it were with a perlesy, that alle his lymes dryes, that he may na gud do als he sulde. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 246.
+
+PERLID. Ornamented with pearls; studded with any ornaments.
+
+And many a perlid garncment
+
+Embroudid was agen the day.
+
+Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 54.
+
+PERLIN. The piece of timber which runs along under the middle part of the spars or bearers of a roof, to give such bearers additional strength.
+
+PERLOWES. Perilous. Palsgrave .
+
+PERMAFAY. By my faith. (A.-N.)
+
+PERMANSIE. Magic; necromancy.
+
+PERN. (1) To prosper. Somerset .
+
+(2) To pick and dress birds, particularly applied to dressing the heron.
+
+PERNASO. Mount Parnassus.
+
+PERNEL. The pimpernel, a flower that always shuts up its blossoms before rain.
+
+But these tender pernels must have one gown for the day, another for the night.
+
+- Pilkington's Works , p. 56.
+
+PERPEND. To consider attentively.
+
+You'll quickly know, if you do well perpend ,
+
+And observe rightly what's the proper end.
+
+Brome's Songs , 1661, p. 182.
+
+PERPENDICLE. The plumb line of a quadrant. This word occurs in an old treatise on mensuration, in MS. Sloane 213.
+
+PERPENTINE. A porcupine. "Perpoynt, hystrix," Pr. Parv. The form perpentine occurs in Shakespeare, most incorrectly altered to porcupine by modern editors. It is the genuine old word.
+
+PERPENT-STONE. A large stone reaching through a wall so as to appear on both sides of it. Oxf. Gl. Arch. p. 280. In the North of England, a thin wall, the stones of which are built on the edge, is called a perpent .
+
+PERPETUANA. A kind of glossy cloth, generally called everlasting .
+
+PERPLANTED. Planted securely.
+
+Requirnyge them as his especiall truste and confidence was planted in the hope of their fidelité, that they would occurre and mete hym by the waye with all diligent preparation.
+
+Hall, Richard III. f. 27.
+
+PERQUIRE. To search into. Clobery's Divine Glimpses, 1659, p. 73.
+
+PERR. (1) Perry. (2) A pearl.
+
+PERRE. A dish in old cookery, made chiefly of peas, onions, and spices.
+
+PERRIER. A kind of short mortar, formerly much used for stone shot.
+
+PERRIWINKLE. A periwig. Stubbe .
+
+PERRONENDERE. A pardoner. Hearne .
+
+PERRY-DANCERS. The aurora borealis. East .
+
+PERRYE. (1) A squall.
+
+It happened Harold his sonne to arrive at Pountiou against his will, by occasion of a sudden perry , or contrarie winde, that arose while he was on seaboorde. Lambarde's Perambulation , 1596, p. 357.
+
+(2) A little cur dog. North .
+
+(3) Precious stones; jewels. (A.-N.)
+
+And alle was set with perrye ,
+
+Ther was never no better in Crystyanté.
+
+MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 242
+
+PERS. (1) Persia.
+
+We woot bothe bi story and vers
+
+That the kyndam of Grace and Pers
+
+Were hede kyngus in forme tilde.
+
+Cursor Mundi , MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab. f. 132.
+
+(2) Company.
+
+Al we wite it thi default,
+
+So siggeth al our perss .
+
+Arthur and Merlin , p. 9.
+
+(3) Sky, or blueish gray colour. There was a kind of cloth so called.
+
+PERSAUNT. Piercing. (A.-N.)
+
+That of the stremis every maner wyzte
+
+Astonied was, they were so bryzte and shene,
+
+Ant to the ye for persaunt for to sene.
+
+Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 23.
+
+For thy persecynt charité.
+
+Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 109.
+
+PERSCRUTE. To search through. (Lat.) Used by Andrew Borde, Brit. Bibl. iv. 24.
+
+PERSE. Equality. (A.-N.)
+
+PERSEL. Parsley. Pegge .
+
+PERSEVER. To persevere. Shak.
+
+Whether a daw sit, or whether a daw fly, Whether a daw stand, or whether a daw lye, Whether a daw creep, or whether a daw cry, In what case soever a daw persever , A daw is a daw, and a daw shall be ever.
+
+Tarlton's Jests , 1611.
+
+PERSIAN-WHEEL. An engine invented to raise a quantity of water sufficient for over-flowing lands, that border in the banks of rivers, where the streams lie so low, as to be incapable of doing it.
+
+PERSON. A mask, or actor. (Lat.)
+
+PERSONABLE. Personally visible.
+
+My saied lorde of Winchester saied unto the kyng that the kyng his father, so visited with sickness, was not personable . Hall, Henry VI. f. 13.
+
+PERSONE. A man. Generally, a man of dignity, a parson or rector of a church.
+
+PERSORE. A piercing-iron.
+
+3e, 3e, seyd the persore , That at I sey it shall be sure; Whi chyd 3e lche one with other? Wote 3e wele I ame your brother! Therefore none contrary me, Fore as I sey so schall it be. MS. Ashmole 61.
+
+[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter.

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+> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred]
+
+PERSPECTIVE. A reflecting-glass. PERSPICIL. An optic-glass. It occurs in Albumazar, 1634, sig. B. iv. PERSTAND. To understand. Peele. PERSUADE. Persuasion. PERSUADERS. Spurs. Also, pistols. PERSWAY. To mitigate. Ben Jonson, iv. 428. PERT. Beautifully delicate. It is the translation of subtilis in Gesta Rom. p. 142.
+
+For hete her clothes down sche dede Almost to her gerdyl stede, Than lay sche uncovert; Sche was as whyt as lylye yn May, Or snow that sneweth yn wynterys day, He seygh never non so pert.
+
+Illustrations of Fairy Mythology, p. 11.
+
+PERTE. (1) To part. Still in use. Then Thomas a sory man was he, The terys ran out of his een gray; Lufly lady, yet tell thou me If we shalle perte for ever and ay. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 125.
+
+(2) Of good appearance. Ther was no man in the kynges lande More perte then was he. MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 33, f. 244.
+
+PERTELICHE. Openly. (A.-N.) Than syr Priamous the prynce in presens of lordes Presez to his penowne, and pertly it hentes. Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 84.
+
+PERTELOTE. The name of a hen. PERTENERE. A partner. God graunt us mekenesse in angurs here, And grace to lede owre lyfe here soo, That may aftur be pertenere Of hevene, when we hens schall goo.
+
+MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 14.
+
+PERTRYCHE. A partridge. Right as the pertryche is constreyned undir the claues and nayles of the hauke, is as halfe deed for drede. Caxton's Divers Fruytful Ghostly Maters.
+
+PERTURBE. To trouble. Palsgrave.
+
+PERTY. Part. Lydgate. God that sittis in Trinité, Gyffe thaym grace wel to the, That lystyns me a whyle; Alle that lovys of melody, Off hevon blisse God graunte them perty, Theyrr soules shelde fro peryle. MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 47.
+
+PERUR. A kind of cup. PERUSE. To examine, or survey.
+
+Monsieur Soublez having perused the fleet, returned to the king, and told him there was nothing ready; and that the mariners and souldiers would not yeeld to goe the voyage till they were paid their arrears. MS. Harl. 383.
+
+PERVEY. To provide. (A.-N.) PERVINKE. The herb periwinkle. (A.-S.) PERYE. A pear-tree. (A.-N.)
+
+But for hur lorde sche durste not done, That sate benethe and pleyed hym merye, Before the towre undur a perye.
+
+MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 141.
+
+PERYSSE. Pears. (A.-N.) Then was the tre ful of ripe perysse, And began down to falle.
+
+MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 114.
+
+PESANE. A gorget of mail or plate attached
+
+to the helmet. "A pesane and a paunsone," MS. Morte Arthure, f. 89.
+
+PESATE. Is when a managed horse rises hand-somely before and upon his haunches, and at the same time bends his fore-legs up to his body. PESE. (1) Peace. Perceval 980, 981.
+
+(2) To sooth; to appease. Tylle y be sewre of youre hartys ese, Nothing but hit may my grevys pese.
+
+MS. Cantab. Ff. i. 6, f. 132.
+
+PESEN. Peas. This is the common early form of the word, and occurs in Chaucer, Legende of Good Women, 648. Holloway gives the following couplet, as seen lately on a board in a pea-field in Berkshire—Shut the gate after you, I'll tell you the reason, Because the pigs shouldn't get into the peason. Ben Jonson has made the same words rhyme in his 133d epigram. As for his sallets, better never was Then acute sorrell, and sweet three-leav'd grasse, And for a sawce he seldome is at charges, For every crab-tree doth affoord him vergls; His banket sometimes is greene beans and peason, Nuts, peares, plumbes, apples, as they are in season.
+
+Taylor's Workes, 1630, i. 97.
+
+PESIBLE. Peaceable. (A.-N.) PESIBLETE. A calm. (A.-N.) PESK. A peach. Nominale MS.
+
+PESON. An instrument in the form of a staff, with balls or crockets, used for weighing before scales were employed.
+
+PESS. A hassock. Suffolk.
+
+PESSCOD-SCALDING. A kind of merry-making in summer evenings; the treat, green field peas boiled in the shells. Yorksh.
+
+PESSIPE. A kind of cup.
+
+PESTERED. Crowded. Peele, ii. 235.
+
+PESTERMENT. Embarrassment. North.
+
+PESTLE. (1) A leg of an animal, generally of a pig. A pestle of pork is still in common use. "Pestels of venison," Warner's Antiq. Culin. p. 98. "Pestell of flesshe, jambon," Palsgrave. A pestle-pie is a large standing pie which contains a whole gammon, and sometimes a couple of fowls and a neat's tongue, a favorite dish at country fairs, and at Christmas feasts.
+
+(2) A constable's staff.
+
+PESTLE-HEAD. A blockhead.
+
+PETE. Pity. See Cov. Myst.
+
+Long lay the kyng, there away wolde not hee; Dayly he propherld batayle: the enmys durst not fyghte Lacke of logynge and vitayle It was grett peté, Causid the gentill prynce to remeve, siche was Goddes myyte!
+
+Lowe, how the good Lorde his owne gentill knygte, Because he shulde remember hym In wele and in woo, Thus in every thyng, Lorde, thy wille be doo!
+
+MS. Bibl. Reg. 17 D. xv.
+
+PETEOSE. Merciful; compassionate.
+
+Many men spekes of lamentacioun, Off moders and of their gret desolatioun, Which that they did indure When that their childer dy and passe, But of his peteose tender moder, alasse! I am verray sure,
+
+The wo and payn passis alle othere.
+
+MS. Bodl. e Mus. 160.
+
+[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter.

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+
+PLOWEFERE. Companion in play. (A.-S.) PLOWKKY. Covered with pimples.
+
+For hyme that is smetyne with his awenne blode, and spredls over alle his lymmes, and waxes plowkky, and brekes owte. MS. Lincoln Med. f. 294.
+
+PLOW-LODE. "Caracuta, plow lode," Nominale MS. It seems to be the same as Plough-land, q. v.
+
+PLOWMELL. A small wooden hammer occasionally fixed to the plough, still used in the North; in the Midland counties in its stead is used a plough-hatchet.
+
+PLOWRING. Weeping. Prompt. Parv.
+
+PLOWSHO. A ploughshare. Kennett.
+
+POY. A merry-meeting. North.
+
+POYE. A plough. Nominale MS.
+
+PLUCK. (1) Courage. Var. dial. "To pluck up one's heart," to be bold, to rejoice. Against the pluck, i. e. against the inclination.
+
+(2) To pluck a crow or goose with any one, i. e. to quarrel with him.
+
+(3) To pluck a rose, i. e. to go to the jakes, said of women. Middleton, iv. 222.
+
+(4) A dry pluck, i. e. a severe stroke.
+
+This same is kind cuckolds luck: These fellowes have given me a drie pluck, Now I have never a crose to blesse me.
+
+Mariage of Witt and Wisdome, 1579.
+
+(5)
+
+Our kynge and Robyn rode togyder, Forsoth as I you say, And they shote plucke buffet, As they went by the way. Robin Hood, i. 75.
+
+(6) Same as (1)?
+
+— I had the luck To see, and drink a little pluck. Brome's Songs, 1661, p. 167.
+
+(7) A student who fails in an university examination is said to be plucked.
+
+PLUCKING. The worsted plucked from the machine while the wheel is turning. North.
+
+PLUERE. Weeping. (A.-N.)
+
+PLUF. A tube of tin through which boys blow peas. Linc. Also called a pluffer .
+
+PLUFE. A plough. Yorksh.
+
+PLUFFY. Spongy; porous. Devon. It is sometimes explained, soft, plump.
+
+PLUG. A dwarfish fellow. East.
+
+PLUM. (1) Light; soft. West.
+
+(2) Sensible; honest. North.
+
+(3) Very; exceedingly. Kent.
+
+(4) Straight; upright; perpendicular. Plum downe, Cotgrave in v. Escarpé.
+
+(5) Plum round, quite round. "Make their attire to sit plum round," Harrison, p. 172. Plum fat, Florio, p. 33.
+
+PLUMAKIN. The magnum-bonum plum.
+
+PLUME. To pick or pluck the feathers off a hawk or other bird.
+
+PLUMED-SWAN. A white colour. One of the terms of ancient alchemy.
+
+PLUMMY. Soft; wet; mouldy. Devon.
+
+PLUMP. (1) Dry; hard. Kent.
+
+(2) A clump of trees. North.
+
+(3) A crowd of people; a mass of anything. It is sometimes a verb, to collect together.
+
+"Assemble theymselfes in plumpes," More's Supplycacyon of Soulys, sig. F. ii. Rydes into rowte his dede to revenge, Presede into the plumpe and with a prynce metes.
+
+Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 76.
+
+When kynge Richard perceived that the people by plumpes fled from hym to Duke Henry.
+
+Hall's Union, 1548.
+
+(4) A pump; a draw-well. Cornw.
+
+(5) A hard blow. Var. dial.
+
+(6) Directly; exactly. Var. dial. Forby has plumpendicular, perpendicular.
+
+PLUM-PORRIDGE. Porridge with plums in it, a favourite dish at Christmas in some parts of the country. It is mentioned as part of Christmas fare in the Humourist, ed. 1724, p. 22, and by Addison.
+
+PLUMP-PATE. A thick-headed fellow.
+
+PLUMPY. To churn. Cornw.
+
+PLUMTEN. Plunged. Weber.
+
+PLUM-TREE. The female pudendum. Have at the plum tree seems to have been either the burden of a song or a proverbial phrase. It occurs in Middleton, although Mr. Dyce does not seem to be acquainted with the meaning of the term itself, which may be gathered from Cotgrave, in v. Hoche-prunier , and the Marriage of Witt and Wisdome, p. 16.
+
+PLUNGE. (1) A deep pool. Somerset.
+
+(2) A strait or difficulty. Greene.
+
+PLUNGY. Wct; rainy. (A.-N.)
+
+PLUNKET. A coarse woollen cloth.
+
+PLUNKY. Short; thick; heavy. East.
+
+PLUNT. A walking-stick, generally one which has a large knob. Glouc.
+
+PLURISY. Superabundance. Shak.
+
+PLUSHES. The thin hoops which hold a besom together. West.
+
+PLY. To bend; to consent, or comply. Still in use in Dorset, Barnes's Gl.
+
+PLYER. A very common bawd.
+
+PLYMOUTH-CLOAK. A cane, or stick. So called, says Ray, "because we use a staff in cuerpo , but not when we wear a cloak."
+
+PO. A peacock. (A.-S.)
+
+A pruest proud ase a po, Seththe weddeth us bo.
+
+Wright's Political Songs, p. 159.
+
+POACHED. Land is said to be poached when it is trodden with holes by heavy cattle. Var. dial.
+
+POACHING. Swampy. Devon.
+
+POAD-MILK. The first milk given by cows after calving. Sussex.
+
+POARE-BLIND. Dim-sighted. The word occurs in Hollyband's Dictionarie, 1593.
+
+POAT. To kick. Devon.
+
+POBS. Porridge. Craven.
+
+POCHE. A pocket. (A.-N.)
+
+Unto another she dyde as moche;
+
+For they love none but for theyr poche.
+
+The Complaynte of them that ben to late Maryed.
+
+POCHEE. A dish in ancient cookery consisting principally of poached eggs. Pegge.
+
+POCHERS. Potters?
+
+POCHIN. A hedgehog. Somerset.
+
+POCHIT. A pollard tree. Linc.
+
+[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter.

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+> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred]
+
+QUERK. (1) To grunt; to moan. West.
+
+(2) A moulding in joinery. North.
+
+QUERKEN. To stifle, or choke. North. "Chekenyd or qwerkenyd," Pr. Parv.
+
+It will grow in the ventricle to such a masse that it will at the recelt of any hot moisture send up such an ascending fome that it will be ready to quirken and stifle us. Optick Glasse of Humors , 1639, p. 124.
+
+QUERN. (1) Corn. Salop.
+
+(2) A mill. This word is generally applied to a hand-mill. (A.-S.) " Mola , a qwernstone," Nominale MS.
+
+Having therefore ground eight bushels of good malt upon our querne , where the toll is saved, she addeth unto it halfe a bushell of wheat meale. Harrison's Description of England , p. 169.
+
+QUERPO. Same as Cuerpo , q. v. "Me must den valke in quirpo," Nabbes' Bride , 4to. Lond. 1640, sig. F. iv.
+
+A batt, who nigh in querpo sat, Lay snug, and heard the whole debate. Collins' Miscellanics , 1762, p. 132.
+
+QUERROUR. A worker in a quarry.
+
+QUERT. Joyful. Also, joy. In quert , joyful, in good spirits. See Lydgate , pp. 32, 38; Ritson's Met. Rom. iii. 408-9.
+
+Remembyr thy God while thou art quert.
+
+MS. Laud. 416, f. 76.
+
+And that hym byhoveth leve hyt in querte , And be overcome and caste to helle pytt.
+
+MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 14.
+
+But thouge that Noe was in quert , He was not al in ese of hert. Cursor Mundi , MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab. f. 12.
+
+QUEST. (1) The sides of an oven. Pies are said to be quested when their sides have been crushed by each other, or so joined to them as thence to be less baked. North.
+
+(2) To give tongue as hounds do on trail. "To bay or quest as a dog," Florio, p. 1. Still in use. See Forby, ii. 268.
+
+Kenettes questede to quelle, Al so breme so any belle, The deer daunteden In the delle, That al the downe denede.
+
+Reliq. Antiq. ii. 7.
+
+(3) An inquest. Var. dial. Both words are used by Hall, Henry VIII. ff. 50, 53.
+
+QUESTANT. A candidate; one who is seeking for some object. Shak.
+
+QUESTE. A prayer, or demand. (A.-N.)
+
+QUESTEROUN. Cooks, or scullions.
+
+QUEST-HOUSE. The chief watch-house of a parish, generally adjoining a church, where sometimes quests concerning misdemeanours and annoyances were held. The quest-house is frequently mentioned in the accounts of St. Giles, Cripplegate, 1571, MS. Addit. 12222.
+
+QUESTMEN. "Those that are yearly chosen, according to the custom of a parish, to assist the churchwardens in the enquiry, and presenting such offenders to the ordinary as are punishable in the court-christian," Blount's Glossographia , ed. 1681, p. 594.
+
+QUESTMONGER. A juryman.
+
+Awake, awake, ye questmongers , and take heed you give a true, just, and right verdict.
+
+Becon's Works , p. 370.
+
+QUESTUARY. Profitable.
+
+QUETE. Wheat. It is the translation of frumentum in MS. Lansd. 560, f. 45.
+
+That zere shalbe litulle quete , And plente shalbe of appuls grate.
+
+MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 75.
+
+QUETHE. (1) Harm; mischief. (A.-S.)
+
+(2) To say; to declare. (A.-S.)
+
+(3) To bequeath. Lydgate. Hous and rente and outher thyng Mow they quethe at here endyng.
+
+MS. Harl. 1701, f. 42.
+
+(4) Cry; clamour. Gawayne.
+
+QUETHING. Saying, crying? Being allive and seinge I peryshe, i. beinge quycke and quethyng I am undone.
+
+Palsgrave's Acolastus , 1540.
+
+QUETHUN. Whence. Robson.
+
+QUETOURE. A scab, or swelling.
+
+QUEVER. Gay; lively. West.
+
+QUEW. Cold.
+
+QUEZZEN. To suffocate. East.
+
+QUHILLES. Whilst.
+
+Quhylles he es qwykke and in qwerte unquellyde with handsis, Be he never mo savede ne socourede with Cryste.
+
+Morte Arthuré, MS. Lincoln, f. 93.
+
+QUIB. A taunt, or mock. Coles.
+
+QUIBIBES. Cubebs. " Quiperium , a quybybe," Nominale MS.
+
+QUIBLIN. An attempt to deceive.
+
+QUICE. A wood-pigeon. Glouc.
+
+QUICHE. To move.
+
+QUICK. (1) Alive; living.
+
+In thilke time men hem tok With juggement withouten lcs, And also quic dolven hes.
+
+Arthur and Merlin , p. 28.
+
+Sir, he seid, asay of this, Thei were 3isturday quyk i-wysse.
+
+MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 50.
+
+Quyk? ye, forsothe, quyk it was, As wel I may tel you all the case.
+
+The Sacrifice of Abraham , p. 18.
+
+(2) The growing plants which are reared or set for a hedge. Var. dial.
+
+(3) Sharp; piercing. Devon.
+
+QUICK-DEER. Deer with young.
+
+QUICKEN. (1) Couch grass. North.
+
+(2) To work with yeast. Quickening-dish , the yeast or balm that is put to new drink to make it work. North.
+
+(3) To revive. Still in use.
+
+(4) To conceive with child.
+
+QUICKER. A quickset hedge. West.
+
+QUICKLINGS. Young insects. East.
+
+QUICKMIRE. A quagmire. Devon.
+
+QUICKWOOD. Thorns. Yorksh.
+
+QUID. (1) The cud. Var. dial. Hence, generally, to suck one's tongue.
+
+(2) A mouthful of tobacco. Var. dial.
+
+QUIDDITY. A subtlety; a subtle quirk or pretence. Quiddit was also used.
+
+QUIERIE. A royal stable.
+
+QUIET. Gentlemanly. West.
+
+QUIETUS. The official discharge of an account. (Lat.) It is chiefly used metaphorically, and
+
+[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter.

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+
+(7) To protect; to accompany. Yorksh.
+
+(8) A young plant; a shoot.
+
+(9) Set the hare's head to the goose-giblet, i. e., tit for tat.
+
+(10) A gambrel. Yorksh.
+
+(11) To settle; to bind. Var. dial.
+
+(12) To place to account. (A.-S.)
+
+(13) The Deity is mentioned in the Towneley
+
+Mysteries, pp. 97, 118, as He that "sett alle on seven," i. e., set or appointed everything in seven days. A similar phrase at p. 85 is not so evident. It is explained in the glossary, "to set things in, to put them in order," but it evidently implies in some cases an exactly opposite meaning, to set in confusion, to rush to battle, as in the following examples. "To set the steven, to agree upon the time and place of meeting previous to some expedition," West. and Cumb. Dial. p. 390. These phrases may be connected with each other. Be this as it may, hence is certainly derived the phrase to be at sixes and sevens , to be in great confusion. Herod, in his anger at the Wise Men, says,—
+
+Bot be thay past me by, by Mahowne in heven, I shalle, and that in hy, set alle on sex and seven ; Trow ye a kyng as I wyll suffre thaym to neven Any to have mastry bot myself fulle even.
+
+Towneley Mysteries, p. 143.
+
+Thus he settez on sevene with his sekyre knyghttez.
+
+Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 76.
+
+The duk swore by gret God of hevene, Wold my hors so evene, Yet wold I sett all one seven for Myldor the swet Degrevant, 1279.
+
+Old Odcoms odnesse makes not thee uneven,
+
+Nor carelessly set all at six and seven.
+
+Taylor's Workes, 1630, ii. 71.
+
+SETE. A city. (A.-S.)
+
+There ys a gyant of gret renowne,
+
+He dystrowythe bothe seté and towyn.
+
+Torrent of Portugal, p. 39.
+
+SETEWALE. The herb valerian,
+
+Fykes, relsyn, dates,
+
+Almaund rys, pomme-garnates,
+
+Kanel and setewale.
+
+Gy of Warwike, p. 421.
+
+SETH. (1) Since. (A.-S.)
+
+Never seth we wedyd ware,
+
+Therefore I make full mekyll care;
+
+Bot now we must per[t]e a-two,
+
+Do thou the best, fore I must go.
+
+MS. Ashmole 61, xv. Ccnt.
+
+(2) A scythe. Nominale MS.
+
+SETHE. To boil. (A.-S.)
+
+SET-HEDGE. A quickset hedge. East.
+
+SETILLE. Seat. (A.-S.)
+
+Fowles of heven er prowde inow that wald heghe thaire setille aboven alle other fesshe of the se.
+
+MS. Coll. Eton. 10, f. 13.
+
+Apon the setyl of hys majesté
+
+That day sal alle men before hym be.
+
+Hampole, MS. Bowes, p. 180.
+
+SETLINGS. Saplings.
+
+For such as be yet infirm and weak, and newly planted in the religion of Christ, and have taken no sure root in the same, are easily moved as young
+
+settings. Becon's Works, p. 18.
+
+SETNESSE. A decree. Hearne.
+
+SET-OPE. Anything by means of which a gate or door is set or kept open.
+
+SETS. The plaits of ruffs.
+
+SET-SPEECH. A speech carefully prepared and studied before it is delivered in public.
+
+SETTE. Ruled. Scott.
+
+SETTEN-ON. Short in growth. North.
+
+SETTER. (1) To cut the dew-lap of an ox or cow, into which helleboraster, called setter-work, being put, an issue is made for ill-humours to vent themselves. North.
+
+(2) An accuser. Coles.
+
+SETTER-GRASS. The herbear's-foot. Yorksh. Spelt setygrise in Nominale MS.
+
+SETTER-OUT. An editor, or author.
+
+SETTING. The west, so called because the quarter of the setting sun.
+
+SETTING-DOWN. Said of a hawk when put into the mew. Gent. Rec. ii. 63.
+
+SETTING-PIN. A dibble. Glouc. "Debbyll or settyng stycke," Huloet, 1552.
+
+SETTING-STICK. A stick used for making the plaits or sets of ruffs.
+
+SETTLE. (1) To fall in price. Linc.
+
+(2) A long seat, generally one with a long back to it. North. It is an archaism. See Setille. SETTLE-BED. A folding bed.
+
+SETTLE-STONES. Stones at the edge of a gutter in a cow-house. North.
+
+SEU. Suit. Hearne.
+
+SEUGH. A wet ditch; a drain. North. "The towne sinke, the common sew," Nomenclator, 1585, p. 391.
+
+SEUNE. Seven. Cumb.
+
+SEUREMENT. Security, generally used in the legal sense. (A.-N.)
+
+SEURETEE. Certainty. (A.-N.)
+
+SEVEN-NIGHT. A week. This word occurs in The French Alphabet, 1615, p. 18.
+
+He levyth not oon sevenyghte.
+
+MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 63.
+
+SEVEN-YEAR. "Has been a vile thief this seven year," Shakespeare. It was a proverbial expression for a long time .
+
+O, the body of a Gorge,
+
+I wold I had them heare ;
+
+In faith, I wold chope them,
+
+Thay ware not so hack this seven yeere !
+
+Marriage of Witt and Wisdome, 1579.
+
+I can then thanke Sensuall Apetyte: That is the best daunce without a pype That I saw this seven yere.
+
+Interlude of the Four Elements, n. d.
+
+SEVERALS. Portions of common assigned for a term to a particular proprietor, the other commoners waiving for the time their right of common over them. See Hunter on Shakespeare, i. 267.
+
+SEVERY. A division or compartment of a vaulted ceiling. "Severous of a howse," MS. Dictionary, 1540.
+
+SEW. (1) Same as Assue, q. v.
+
+(2) Sowed. Linc.
+
+(3) To wipe the beak, a term in ancient hawking given by Berners.
+
+[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter.

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+
+Who lukes to the lefte syde, whenne his horse launches . With the lyghte of the sonne men myghte see his lyere. Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 80.
+
+LAUNDE. A plain place in a wood; an unploughed plain; a park; a lawn. "Saltus, a lawnd," Nominale MS.
+
+Now is Gij to a launde y-go, Wher the dragoun duelled tho.
+
+Gy of Warwick, p. 262.
+
+For to hunt at the hartes in thas hye laundes In Glamorgane with glee, thare gladchipe was evere. Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 53.
+
+LAUNDER. (1) Any kind of gutter or channel for conveying water. Var. dial.
+
+(2) A washer. Also, to wash. "Buandière, launderer." Hollyband's Dictionarie, 1593. Laundring gold, washing it.
+
+LAUNDRE. A laundress. Palsgrave.
+
+LAUP. To leap. Yorksh.
+
+LAUREAT. Crowned with laurel. (Lat.) The laureatship at our universities was a degree in grammar, including poetry and rhetoric, so called because the person who graduated was presented with a wreath of laurel.
+
+LAUREOLE. Spurge-laurel. (A.-N.)
+
+LAURER. A laurel. Chaucer.
+
+LAUS. Loose. (A.-S.)
+
+LAUTER. The laurel. (A.-N.)
+
+That worthy was the lauter to have Of poetrie, and the palme to atteyne.
+
+Lydgate, MS. Ashmole 39, f. 48.
+
+LAU3T. Caught; received. (A.-S.)
+
+Thenne was Marie Joseph bitaugt, And he hir in spousaile laugt.
+
+Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab. f. 67.
+
+LAVALTOE. Same as Lavolta, q. v.
+
+For lo! the liveless Jacks lavaltoes take At that sweet musick which themselves do make.
+
+Brome's Songs, ed. 1661, p. 133.
+
+LAVANDRE. A laundress. "A tretise for lavandres," Reliq. Antiq. i. 26.
+
+LAVANT. A land-spring. South.
+
+LAVAS. Lavish. Romeus and Juliet, p. 20.
+
+LAVAST. Uninclosed stubble. Kent.
+
+LAVE. (1) The rest; the remainder. North.
+
+(2) To lade or draw water. Chaucer. Also, to pour, as in Perceval, 2250; to wash, Piers Ploughman, p. 273.
+
+(3) To gutter, as a candle. Wilts.
+
+(4) To hang, or flap down. Hall.
+
+LAVE-EARED. Long, or flap-eared. See Topsell's Beasts, p. 366; Hawkins, iii. 357; Lavelugged, Northumb. Holloway has lapped in use in Sussex and Hants.
+
+LAVEER. To work a ship against the wind. An old sea term.
+
+LAVELL. The flap that covers the top of the windpipe. Still used in Devon.
+
+LAVENDER. To lay in lavender , to pawn. This is a very common phrase in old plays. "To lay to pawne, as we say to lay in lavander," Florio, p. 27.
+
+LAVENDREY. Washing. (A.-N.)
+
+LAVER. (1) The remainder. North.
+
+(2) A cistern, trough, or conduit, to wash in. "Laver to washe at, lavoyr," Palsgrave. Also, a basin. See Florio, p. 89; Cotgrave, in v.
+
+Esgunere; Leg. Cathol. p. 154; Reliq. Antiq. i. 7; Davies' Ancient Rites, 1672, p. 130. And fulle glad, certys, thou schalt bee, Yf that y wylle suffer the To holde me a labour and bason to my honde.
+
+MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 144.
+
+(3) A dish composed of a kind of sea-weed well washed and boiled. It is also called laver-bread, Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033.
+
+(4) Laver lip, a hanging lip.
+
+LAVERD. Lord. (A.-S.)
+
+That tay after thaym ne went To du thayr laverd comandement.
+
+Guy of Warwick, Middlehill MS.
+
+LAVEROCK. The lark. North. See Wright's Lyric Poetry, pp. 26, 40; Reliq. Antiq. i. 86; Wright's Purgatory, p. 55; laverkes , Beves of Hamtoun, p. 138.
+
+Sche made many a wondir soune,
+
+Sumtyme liche unto the cok,
+
+Sumtyme unto the laverok.
+
+Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 152.
+
+Tyrlery lorpyn, the laverocke songe, So meryly pypes the sparrow; The cow brake lose, the rope ran home, Syr, God gyve yow good morow.
+
+Bliss's Bibl. Miscell. p. 54.
+
+LAVISH. Rank, as grass, &c. West.
+
+LA-VOLTA. A kind of very active bouncing waltz, formerly much in fashion. The man turned the woman round several times, and then assisted her in making a high spring.
+
+Leave protestations now, and let us hie
+
+To tread lavolta , that is women's walk.
+
+Soliman and Perseda, p. 214.
+
+LAVY. Lavish; liberal. North.
+
+LAW. (1) To give a hare good law, i. e. a good start before the hounds. It is in very frequent use by boys at play.
+
+(2) A hill, or eminence. North.
+
+(3) Custom; manner. See Ellis, ii. 335.
+
+(4) Low. North.
+
+He wist not that hym was gode, But then he putte doune his hode On knees he fel downe lawe.
+
+MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 55.
+
+I.AWAND. Bowing; humbling.
+
+Anely lawand thameselfe to the sacramentes of haly kyrke, thof it be swa that thay hafe bene cumbyrde in syne and with syne alle thaire lyfe tyme. MS. Lincoln A. i. 17, f. 229.
+
+LAWE. (1) To laugh. Nominale MS.
+
+(2) Rough; violent; brutal. West.
+
+LAWED. Ignorant. See Laird.
+
+LAWES. The same as Kairns , q. v.
+
+LAWESTE. The lowest. North.
+
+Lenges all at laysere, and lokes one the wallys Whare they ware laweste the ledes to assaille.
+
+Morte Arthure, MS. Lincoln, f. 79.
+
+LAWFUL-CASE. An interj. of surprise.
+
+LAWGHE. Low. Hampole.
+
+LAWING. (1) Going to law. Linc.
+
+(2) Lawing of dogs, i. e. cutting out the balls, or three claws of the fore-feet.
+
+LAWLESS-MAN. An outlaw. (A.-S.)
+
+LAWN. The same as Launde , q. v.
+
+LAWNDER. The sliding iron in the fore-part of a plough. Var. dial.
+
+[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter.

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+> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred]
+
+When many a taylers boy I know hath beene, Hath made tall men much feareful to be seene. Taylor's Workes , 1630, iii. 73.
+
+TAILORS-MENSE. A small portion left by way of good manners. See Brockett.
+
+TAILOURS. A book of ancient cookery receipts thus describes the way of making taylours :
+
+Take aimondes, and grynde hem raw in a morter, and temper hit with wyne and a litul water, and drawe it thorgh a streynour into a goode stiff mylke into a potte, and caste thereto reysons of coraunce and grete reysons my[n]ced, dates, clowes, maces, pouder of peper, canel, saffrone a good quantité, and salt, and sette hem over the fire, and iete al boyle to-gidre a while, and alay hit up with floure of ryse or elles grated brede, and cast thereto sugur and salt, and serve hit forth in maner of mortrewes, and caste thereone pouder ginger in the dissh.
+
+MS. Harl. 4016, f. 19.
+
+TAIL-PIPING. Tying a tin can or anything to the tail of a dog, which is generally done to prevent his paying visits to the place where this punishment may be inflicted.
+
+TAIL-ROPE. Part of a horse's harness, mentioned in MS. Coll. Jes. Oxon. 28.
+
+TAIL-SHOTEN. A disease in the tail of cattle, in which the spinal marrow is so affected that in a short time the beast is unable to stand. Also called tail-soke .
+
+TAIL-TOP. The swingle of a flail.
+
+TAILSOR. A tailor. Nominale MS.
+
+TAINCT. A kind of red-coloured spider very common in the summer time.
+
+TAINT. (1) A term at tilting, apparently meaning to injure a lance without breaking it. Gifford, Ben Jonson, ii. 55, explains it, to break a staff, but not in the most honorable or scientific manner. Sec, however, the second example under Attaint .
+
+(2) Explained in the Booke of Hawking, "a thing that goeth overthwart the feathers of the wings and of the tail, like as it were eaten with worms."
+
+(3) A dirty slattern. East .
+
+(4) Explained by Forby, "a large protuberance at the top of a pollard tree."
+
+(5) "A taint or overreach in the backe or shanke of a horse," Florio, p. 47.
+
+TAINTERS.
+
+For the outward compound remedies, a plaister made of opponax and pitch is much commended, which Menippus used, taking a pound of pitch of Brutias, and foure ounces of opponax (as Ætius and Actuarius doe prescribe) adding withall, that the opponax must be dissolved in vinegar, and afterward the pitch and that vinegar must be boyled together, and when the vinegar is consumed, then put in the opponax, and of both together make like taynters or splints and thurst them into the wound, so let them remaine many dayes together, and in the meane time drinke an antidot of sea-crabs and vinegar, (for vinegar is always pretious in this confection).
+
+Topsell's Four-Footed Beasts , 1607, p. 187.
+
+TAISAND. Poising ready for throwing.
+
+And ther biside, on o donjoun,
+
+He kest a man of cler latoun,
+
+And in his hond an arblast heldand,
+
+And therinne a quarel taisand .
+
+Sevyn Sages, 1978.
+
+TAISHES. Taces, armour for the thighs. This form of the word occurs in Warner's Albion's England, xii. p. 291.
+
+TAISTREL. A rascal; a villain. North .
+
+TAIT. (1) The top of a hill. West .
+
+(2) To play at see-saw. Dorset .
+
+TAKE. (1) To give; to deliver up to. (A.-S.)
+
+And alle that they aske scho wylle them take , For drede of theym, swyike boste they make.
+
+MS. Harl. 2260, f. 59.
+
+But take hur an oolde stede, And an olde knygt that may hur lede,
+
+Tylle sche be paste yowre realme,
+
+And gyf them some spendynge,
+
+That them owt of thy londe may brynge,
+
+Y can no bettyr deme.
+
+MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 72.
+
+(2) A vulgar name for the sciatica, mentioned in Aubrey's MS. Nat. Hist. Wilts, p. 10, in the library of the Royal Society.
+
+(3) A sudden illness. Dorset .
+
+(4) A lease. North .
+
+(5) "I take the wynde, as a dere dothe of a person, je assens," Palsgrave.
+
+(6) To take up, to reprove. "Tanser, to chide, rebuke, checke, taunt, reprove, take up," Cotgrave. To take up a horse , to make him gambol. To take on, to take by, to be much affected by any melancholy event. To take in, to capture, to subdue. To take one along, to take one with you, to go no faster than he can go with you, i. e. to let him understand you. To take out, to copy. To take one's teeth to anything, to set about it heartily. To take a stick to one, to beat him. To take on, to enlist for a soldier. To take to do, to take to task, to take a talking to, to reprove. To take on, to simulate. To take after, to resemble. To take off, to mimic, to ridicule. To take to, to capture, or seize; to attack. Also, to marry; to enter on a farm; to own, or acknowledge. To take shame, to be ashamed. To take up for any one, to give surety, to protect. To take on, to associate with. A take-away, an appetite. To take one's ease in one's inn, to enjoy one's self, as if at home. To take up, to borrow money, or take commodities upon trust. To take up a quarrel , to settle or make it up. To take upon, to suspect any one of a wrong action. To take forth, to learn, to teach. To take order for, to provide for or against anything. To take to anything, to answer for the truth of it; to stand to a bargain. To take up, to clear up, said of the weather. Also, to reform one's habits; to commence anything. To take clothes about one, to wrap them well over him. To take about the neck, to embrace. To take a breath, to consider well beforehand or take advice. To take any one forth, to set him forwards. To take heart, to take courage. To take one's part, to defend him. To take in worth, to take in good part, to take anything kindly or friendly. To take to one's legs, to fly. To take a horse with the spurs, to spur him onwards. To take on with one's
+
+[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter.

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+> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred]
+
+TALISHE. Fabulous. This word occurs in Palsgrave's Acolastus, 4to. 1540.
+
+TALL. (1) Explained by Junius, "obedient, obsequious, every way flexible." See the Glossary to Urry's Chaucer, p. 81.
+
+(2) Valiant; bold; fine; great. This is a very common word in old plays.
+
+They leaping overboord amidst the billowes, We pluck'd her up (unsunke) like stout tall fellows. Taylor's Workes, 1630, ii. 23.
+
+TALL-BOYS. High cups or glasses. Grose says, bottles or two-quart pots.
+
+TALLE. To mock. (A.-S.)
+
+Unarmed were the paiens alle,
+
+Our folk hem gun to talle.
+
+Arthur and Merlin, p. 257.
+
+TALLEE. "When they hale aft the sheate of maine or fore-sailes, they say, Tallee aft the sheate," MS. Harl. 6268. Taylia, Reliq. Antiq. i. 2.
+
+TALLICHE. The same as Tally (6).
+
+TALLIT. A hayloft. West. "When the prisoner came in he was watcherd, which shewed he had not been all night in the tallit."
+
+TALL-MEN. Dice so loaded as to come up with high numbers. A cant term.
+
+TALLOW-CAKE. A cake of tallow; tallow made up in the form of a cake. Var. dial.
+
+TALLOW-CATCH. Same as Keech (2).
+
+TALLOW-CRAPS. See Craps (1).
+
+TALLOW-HUED. Pale as tallow. North. Burton uses the phrase tallow-faced.
+
+TALLOW-LAFE. Congiarium, MS. Dict. c. 1500.
+
+TALL-WOOD. "Tall woode, pacte wodde to make byllettes of, taillee," Palsgrave. The term is still used in Kent.
+
+TALLY. (1) A term in playing ball, when the number of aces on both sides is equal. North.
+
+(2) To reckon. See Becon's Works, p. 134.
+
+(3) In counting any articles which are sold by the hundred, one is thrown out after each hundred; that is called the tally . The number of tallies of course shows the number of hundreds. They are given in to the purchaser. Hunter.
+
+(4) A kind of small ship.
+
+(5) A company or division of voters at an election. Somerset.
+
+(6) Stoutly; boldly.
+
+(7) Seemly; decently; elegantly.
+
+TALME. To become dumb?
+
+Hur fadur nere-hande can talme, Soche a sweme hys harte can swalme.
+
+Le Bone Florence of Rome, 769.
+
+I donke upon David. til mi tonge talmes : I ne rendrede nowt. sithen men beren palmes : Is it also mikel sorwe. in song so is in salmes ?
+
+Reliq. Antiq. i. 292.
+
+TALSHIDES. "One pound of white lights, ten talshides, eight faggotts," Ord. and Reg. p. 162.
+
+TALT. Pitched.
+
+There was talt many pavyloun
+
+Of riche sendel and siclatoun.
+
+Kyng Alisaunder, 5234.
+
+TALVACE. A kind of buckler or shield, bent on each side, and rising in the middle.
+
+Aither bright unto the place
+
+A mikel rownd talvace.
+
+Ywaine and Gawin, 3158.
+
+And after mete thar it was,
+
+The children pleide at the talvas.
+
+Beves of Hamtoun, p. 145.
+
+TALWHE. Tallow. Nominale MS.
+
+TAM. The abbr. of pr. n. Thomasine.
+
+TAMARA. A compound of spices.
+
+TAME. (1) To broach or taste liquor. "To tame, tap, dolium relinere," Coles.
+
+Nowe to weete our mouthes tyme were,
+
+This flagette will I tame, yf thou reade us.
+
+Chester Plays, i. 124.
+
+(2) To cut; to divide. West.
+
+TAME-GOOSE. A foolish fellow. "I say cast away; yea, utterly cast away upon a noddy, a ninny-hammer, a tame-goose," The Case is Altered, 4to. Lond. 1605.
+
+TAMER. A team of horses. Norf.
+
+TAMINE. A sort of woollen cloth.
+
+TAMLIN. A miner's tool. Cornw.
+
+TAMMY. Glutinous, or sizy. Cumb.
+
+TAMPIN. A long pellet.
+
+Make two stiffe long rowles or tampins of linnen clowtes, or such like stuffe, sharpe pointed like sugar-loves; which tampins are called of the physicians in Latine pessi , and being annointed with the ointment aforesaid, thrust them up into the horsses nostrils, and let them abide therein a pretty whilk; then pul them out, and you shal see such abundance of matter come forth at his nose as is marvellous to behold.
+
+Topsell's Four-Footed Beasts, 1607, p. 372.
+
+TAMPING-IRON. A tool used for beating down the earthy substance in the charge used for blasting. Cornw.
+
+TAMPION. A piece of wood fitted to the mouth of a large gun. "Tampyon for a gon, tampon," Palsgrave, subst. f. 69.
+
+Unadvisedly gave fire to a pece charged with a pellet insteade of a tampon , the which lighting on the palaice wall, ranne through one of the privie lodgings, and dld no further harme.
+
+Lambardes Perambulation, 1596, p. 433.
+
+TAN. (1) Taken. (A.-S.)
+
+When pese was cried and day tan ,
+
+Kyng Ardus was a yoyfulle man.
+
+MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 78.
+
+Baptem the first is holden than, That falleth at the fonte be tan.
+
+MS. Sloan. 1785, f. 34.
+
+(2) To entice. (A.-S.)
+
+The fende of helle agayn skylle
+
+Put in hir a harde wille
+
+Hur fadur luf to wyne ;
+
+And also tempered was that man
+
+His owne doucter for to tan ,
+
+To do a dedly synne.
+
+MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 43.
+
+(3) Then. Var. dial.
+
+(4) To dun. (5) To beat. Var. dial.
+
+(6) A twig, or small switch. Lane.
+
+TANACLES. A kind of pincers, used formerly for torturing. "To pinch or tanacle with tongs, with pincers or tanacles," Florio, p. 552, ed. 1611.
+
+[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter.