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Threshold-conversion artifacts

Question: can any multiclass classifier's threshold curve be converted to a 0.5-threshold binary rule equivalent to argmax, and can the conversion preserve maximum F1?

Verdict: the conversion is an exact reparameterization of a chosen threshold (binary), or of each class's chosen threshold (multiclass). It cannot turn one fixed 0.5 rule into argmax for C >= 3, and it cannot improve F1; it only moves the selected operating point to 0.5.

Layout

  • baseline/ theory, uniform simplex, sklearn digits
  • text/ DistilBERT SST-2, Twitter-RoBERTa sentiment, DistilBERT emotion
  • vision/ ViT-B/16 ImageNet head on CIFAR-10 (1000 classes, OOD)
  • conversion_fit/ fixed C x C linear fit to argmax labels
  • tabular/ 30 tabular dataset/classifier pairs with max-F1 conversion
  • manifest.json experiment ids, run ids, commits, metrics, links
  • report.md full synthesis (figures embedded)
  • logbook.ipynb executable notebook with formulae, tables and every link

Headline numbers

model C n argmax delta_0.5 coverage exact adaptive
sklearn digits 10 540 97.22% 0.74% 99.26% yes
DistilBERT SST-2 2 872 91.06% 0.00% 100.00% yes
Twitter-RoBERTa sentiment 3 2000 71.50% 4.65% 95.35% yes
DistilBERT emotion 6 2000 92.70% 0.20% 99.80% yes
ViT-B/16 on CIFAR-10 1000 1000 n/a 51.00% 49.00% yes

Tabular max-F1 test: all 30 conversions are exact; F1(test, tau*) equals F1(test, converted 0.5) exactly. The selected threshold is not 0.5: binary tau* ranges 0.482-0.998, and multiclass per-class tau* spans up to 1.0. A 20-class random forest has delta_0.5 = 99.80% (998/1000 abstain), macro-F1 0.004 at 0.5, argmax F1 0.5495, and converted-argmax agreement only 87.2%.

Links

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