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--- |
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title: "Installation: Debian" |
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--- |
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# Debian Installation |
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Caffe packages are available for several Debian versions, as shown in the |
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following chart: |
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``` |
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Your Distro | CPU_ONLY | CUDA | Codename |
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----------------+------------+--------+------------------- |
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Debian/oldstable| ✘ | ✘ | Jessie (8.0) |
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Debian/stable | ✔ | ✔ | Stretch (9.0) |
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Debian/testing | ✔ | ✔ | Buster |
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Debian/unstable | ✔ | ✔ | Buster |
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``` |
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* `✘ ` You should take a look at [Ubuntu installation instruction](install_apt.html). |
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* `✔ ` You can install caffe with a single command line following this guide. |
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* [Package status of CPU-only version](https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/caffe) |
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* [Package status of CUDA version](https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/caffe-contrib) |
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Last update: 2017-07-08 |
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## Binary installation with APT |
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Apart from the installation methods based on source, Debian users can install |
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pre-compiled Caffe packages from the official archive with APT. |
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Make sure that your `/etc/apt/sources.list` contains `contrib` and `non-free` |
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sections if you want to install the CUDA version, for instance: |
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``` |
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deb http://ftp2.cn.debian.org/debian sid main contrib non-free |
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``` |
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Then we update APT cache and directly install Caffe. Note, the cpu version and |
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the cuda version cannot coexist. |
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``` |
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$ sudo apt update |
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$ sudo apt install [ caffe-cpu | caffe-cuda ] |
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$ caffe # command line interface working |
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$ python3 -c 'import caffe; print(caffe.__path__)' # python3 interface working |
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``` |
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These Caffe packages should work for you out of box. However, the CUDA version |
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may break if your NVIDIA driver and CUDA toolkit are not installed with APT. |
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#### Customizing caffe packages |
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Some users may need to customize the Caffe package. The way to customize |
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the package is beyond this guide. Here is only a brief guide of producing |
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the customized `.deb` packages. |
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Make sure that there is a `dec-src` source in your `/etc/apt/sources.list`, |
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for instance: |
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``` |
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deb http://ftp2.cn.debian.org/debian sid main contrib non-free |
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deb-src http://ftp2.cn.debian.org/debian sid main contrib non-free |
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``` |
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Then we build caffe deb files with the following commands: |
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``` |
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$ sudo apt update |
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$ sudo apt install build-essential debhelper devscripts # standard package building tools |
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$ sudo apt build-dep [ caffe-cpu | caffe-cuda ] # the most elegant way to pull caffe build dependencies |
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$ apt source [ caffe-cpu | caffe-cuda ] # download the source tarball and extract |
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$ cd caffe-XXXX |
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[ ... optional, customizing caffe code/build ... ] |
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$ dch --local "Modified XXX" # bump package version and write changelog |
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$ debuild -B -j4 # build caffe with 4 parallel jobs (similar to make -j4) |
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[ ... building ...] |
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$ debc # optional, if you want to check the package contents |
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$ sudo debi # optional, install the generated packages |
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$ ls ../ # optional, you will see the resulting packages |
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``` |
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It is a BUG if the package failed to build without any change. |
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The changelog will be installed at e.g. `/usr/share/doc/caffe-cpu/changelog.Debian.gz`. |
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## Source installation |
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Source installation under Debian/unstable and Debian/testing is similar to that of Ubuntu, but |
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here is a more elegant way to pull caffe build dependencies: |
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``` |
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$ sudo apt build-dep [ caffe-cpu | caffe-cuda ] |
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``` |
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Note, this requires a `deb-src` entry in your `/etc/apt/sources.list`. |
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#### Compiler Combinations |
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Some users may find their favorate compiler doesn't work with CUDA. |
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``` |
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CXX compiler | CUDA 7.5 | CUDA 8.0 | CUDA 9.0 | |
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-------------+------------+------------+------------+ |
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GCC-8 | ? | ? | ? | |
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GCC-7 | ? | ? | ? | |
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GCC-6 | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | |
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GCC-5 | ✔ [1] | ✔ | ✔ | |
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-------------+------------+------------+------------+ |
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CLANG-4.0 | ? | ? | ? | |
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CLANG-3.9 | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | |
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CLANG-3.8 | ? | ✔ | ✔ | |
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``` |
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`[1]` CUDA 7.5 's `host_config.h` must be patched before working with GCC-5. |
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`[2]` CUDA 9.0: https://devblogs.nvidia.com/parallelforall/cuda-9-features-revealed/ |
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BTW, please forget the GCC-4.X series, since its `libstdc++` ABI is not compatible with GCC-5's. |
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You may encounter failure linking GCC-4.X object files against GCC-5 libraries. |
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(See https://wiki.debian.org/GCC5 ) |
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## Notes |
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* Consider re-compiling OpenBLAS locally with optimization flags for sake of |
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performance. This is highly recommended for any kind of production use, including |
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academic research. |
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* If you are installing `caffe-cuda`, APT will automatically pull some of the |
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CUDA packages and the nvidia driver packages. Please be careful if you have |
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manually installed or hacked nvidia driver or CUDA toolkit or any other |
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related stuff, because in this case APT may fail. |
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* Additionally, a manpage (`man caffe`) and a bash complementation script |
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(`caffe <TAB><TAB>`, `caffe train <TAB><TAB>`) are provided. |
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Both of the two files are still not merged into caffe master. |
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* The python interface is Python 3 version: `python3-caffe-{cpu,cuda}`. |
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No plan to support python2. |
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* If you encountered any problem related to the packaging system (e.g. failed to install `caffe-*`), |
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please report bug to Debian via Debian's bug tracking system. See https://www.debian.org/Bugs/ . |
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Patches and suggestions are also welcome. |
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## FAQ |
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* where is caffe-cudnn? |
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CUDNN library seems not redistributable currently. If you really want the |
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caffe-cudnn deb packages, the workaround is to install cudnn by yourself, |
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and hack the packaging scripts, then build your customized package. |
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* I installed the CPU version. How can I switch to the CUDA version? |
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`sudo apt install caffe-cuda`, apt's dependency resolver is smart enough to deal with this. |
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* Where are the examples, the models and other documentation stuff? |
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``` |
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$ sudo apt install caffe-doc |
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$ dpkg -L caffe-doc |
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``` |
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