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  ---
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  library_name: transformers
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- license: bsd-3-clause
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  base_model: MIT/ast-finetuned-audioset-10-10-0.4593
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  tags:
 
 
 
 
 
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  - generated_from_trainer
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  metrics:
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  - accuracy
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  - f1
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  model-index:
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  - name: revix-classifier_8.0
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- results: []
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ---
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- <!-- This model card has been generated automatically according to the information the Trainer had access to. You
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- should probably proofread and complete it, then remove this comment. -->
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- # revix-classifier_8.0
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- This model is a fine-tuned version of [MIT/ast-finetuned-audioset-10-10-0.4593](https://huggingface.co/MIT/ast-finetuned-audioset-10-10-0.4593) on the None dataset.
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- It achieves the following results on the evaluation set:
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- - Loss: 0.3794
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- - Accuracy: 0.9083
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- - Precision: 0.9244
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- - Recall: 0.8943
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- - F1: 0.9091
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- ## Model description
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- More information needed
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-
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- ## Intended uses & limitations
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-
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- More information needed
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-
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- ## Training and evaluation data
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-
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- More information needed
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-
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- ## Training procedure
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-
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- ### Training hyperparameters
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-
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- The following hyperparameters were used during training:
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- - learning_rate: 2e-05
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- - train_batch_size: 8
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- - eval_batch_size: 8
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- - seed: 42
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- - optimizer: Use OptimizerNames.ADAMW_TORCH_FUSED with betas=(0.9,0.999) and epsilon=1e-08 and optimizer_args=No additional optimizer arguments
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- - lr_scheduler_type: linear
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- - num_epochs: 3
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- - mixed_precision_training: Native AMP
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-
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- ### Training results
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-
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- | Training Loss | Epoch | Step | Validation Loss | Accuracy | Precision | Recall | F1 |
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- |:-------------:|:-----:|:----:|:---------------:|:--------:|:---------:|:------:|:------:|
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- | 0.3156 | 1.0 | 120 | 0.4224 | 0.8625 | 0.8261 | 0.9268 | 0.8736 |
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- | 0.21 | 2.0 | 240 | 0.4320 | 0.8667 | 0.8421 | 0.9106 | 0.875 |
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- | 0.1121 | 3.0 | 360 | 0.3794 | 0.9083 | 0.9244 | 0.8943 | 0.9091 |
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-
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-
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- ### Framework versions
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-
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- - Transformers 4.56.1
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- - Pytorch 2.8.0+cu126
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- - Datasets 4.0.0
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- - Tokenizers 0.22.0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ---
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  library_name: transformers
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+ license: mit
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  base_model: MIT/ast-finetuned-audioset-10-10-0.4593
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  tags:
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+ - audio-classification
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+ - vision-transformer
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+ - engine-knock-detection
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+ - automotive
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+ - audio-spectrogram
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  - generated_from_trainer
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  metrics:
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  - accuracy
 
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  - f1
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  model-index:
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  - name: revix-classifier_8.0
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+ results:
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+ - task:
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+ type: audio-classification
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+ name: Engine Knock Detection
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+ metrics:
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+ - type: accuracy
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+ value: 0.9083
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+ name: Accuracy
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+ - type: precision
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+ value: 0.9244
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+ name: Precision
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+ - type: recall
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+ value: 0.8943
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+ name: Recall
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+ - type: f1
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+ value: 0.9091
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+ name: F1 Score
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  ---
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+ # Engine Knock Detection Classifier v8.0
 
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+ ## Model Description
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+ This model is a specialized **engine knock detection system** based on the Audio Spectrogram Transformer (AST) architecture. It's fine-tuned from MIT's pre-trained AST model to identify engine knock events from audio spectrograms with high accuracy and reliability.
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ **Engine knock** (also known as detonation) is a harmful combustion phenomenon in internal combustion engines that can cause severe engine damage if not detected and addressed promptly. This model provides automated, real-time detection capabilities for automotive diagnostic and monitoring systems.
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+ ### Architecture
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+ - **Base Model**: Vision Transformer adapted for audio spectrograms
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+ - **Input**: Audio spectrograms converted to visual representations
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+ - **Output**: Binary classification (Knock/No-Knock)
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+ - **Approach**: Treats audio spectrograms as images, leveraging ViT's powerful pattern recognition
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+
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+ ## Performance
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+
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+ The model achieves excellent performance on engine knock detection:
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+
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+ | Metric | Value | Interpretation |
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+ |-----------|--------|----------------|
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+ | Accuracy | 90.83% | Correctly identifies 9 out of 10 cases |
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+ | Precision | 92.44% | When model predicts knock, it's right 92.4% of the time |
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+ | Recall | 89.43% | Catches 89.4% of actual knock events |
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+ | F1 Score | 90.91% | Excellent balance between precision and recall |
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+
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+ ### Production Readiness
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+ - **High Accuracy**: Exceeds 90% accuracy threshold for automotive applications
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+ - **Balanced Performance**: Strong precision-recall balance minimizes false alarms
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+ - **Stable Training**: 3.4x training/validation loss gap indicates good generalization
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+ - **Real-world Ready**: Optimized with early stopping and regularization techniques
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+
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+ ## Intended Uses
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+
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+ ### Primary Applications
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+ - **Automotive Diagnostics**: Real-time engine knock detection in vehicles
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+ - **Engine Testing**: Quality control during engine development and testing
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+ - **Predictive Maintenance**: Early warning system for engine health monitoring
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+ - **Racing Applications**: Performance optimization and engine protection
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+
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+ ### Use Cases
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+ - Integration into OBD-II diagnostic tools
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+ - Embedded systems for real-time engine monitoring
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+ - Research and development in combustion analysis
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+ - Fleet management and vehicle health monitoring
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+
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+ ## Limitations
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+
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+ ### Technical Limitations
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+ - **Audio Quality Dependency**: Performance may degrade with poor quality recordings
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+ - **Engine Type Specificity**: Trained on specific engine types; may need retraining for different engines
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+ - **Environmental Noise**: Background noise may affect detection accuracy
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+ - **Sampling Rate**: Optimized for specific audio sampling rates and spectrogram parameters
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+
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+ ### Operational Constraints
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+ - Requires conversion of audio to spectrograms for processing
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+ - Real-time performance depends on hardware capabilities
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+ - May need recalibration for different vehicle models or engine configurations
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+
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+ ## Training Data
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+
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+ The model was fine-tuned on audio recordings specifically collected for engine knock detection, converted to spectrogram format for visual processing by the transformer architecture.
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+
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+ ### Data Preprocessing
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+ - Audio signals converted to mel-spectrograms
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+ - Spectrograms normalized and resized for ViT input requirements
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+ - Data augmentation applied to improve robustness
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+
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+ ## Training Procedure
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+
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+ ### Optimization Strategy
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+ The model was trained using advanced techniques to prevent overfitting and ensure production reliability:
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+
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+ - **Early Stopping**: Training automatically stopped at optimal performance point (Epoch 3)
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+ - **Learning Rate**: Conservative rate (2e-05) for stable convergence
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+ - **Mixed Precision**: FP16 training for efficient computation on T4 GPU
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+ - **Regularization**: Weight decay of 0.01 for better generalization
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+
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+ ### Training Hyperparameters
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+ - **Learning Rate**: 2e-05
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+ - **Batch Size**: 8 (train/eval)
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+ - **Epochs**: 3 (early stopped)
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+ - **Optimizer**: AdamW with fused implementation
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+ - **Mixed Precision**: Native AMP (FP16)
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+ - **Scheduler**: Linear learning rate decay
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+
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+ ### Training Results
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+ | Training Loss | Epoch | Validation Loss | Accuracy | Precision | Recall | F1 |
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+ |:-------------:|:-----:|:---------------:|:--------:|:---------:|:------:|:------:|
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+ | 0.3156 | 1.0 | 0.4224 | 0.8625 | 0.8261 | 0.9268 | 0.8736 |
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+ | 0.21 | 2.0 | 0.4320 | 0.8667 | 0.8421 | 0.9106 | 0.875 |
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+ | 0.1121 | 3.0 | 0.3794 | 0.9083 | 0.9244 | 0.8943 | 0.9091 |
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+
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+ ## Usage Example
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from transformers import AutoFeatureExtractor, AutoModelForImageClassification
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+ import torch
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+ import librosa
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+ import numpy as np
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+
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+ # Load model and feature extractor
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+ model = AutoModelForImageClassification.from_pretrained("your-username/revix-classifier_8.0")
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+ feature_extractor = AutoFeatureExtractor.from_pretrained("your-username/revix-classifier_8.0")
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+
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+ def detect_engine_knock(audio_file_path):
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+ # Load and preprocess audio
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+ audio, sr = librosa.load(audio_file_path, sr=16000)
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+
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+ # Convert to mel-spectrogram
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+ spectrogram = librosa.feature.melspectrogram(y=audio, sr=sr)
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+ spectrogram_db = librosa.power_to_db(spectrogram, ref=np.max)
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+
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+ # Prepare input for model
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+ inputs = feature_extractor(spectrogram_db, return_tensors="pt")
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+
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+ # Make prediction
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+ with torch.no_grad():
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+ outputs = model(**inputs)
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+ probabilities = torch.nn.functional.softmax(outputs.logits, dim=-1)
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+ prediction = torch.argmax(probabilities, dim=-1)
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+
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+ return {
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+ "knock_detected": bool(prediction.item()),
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+ "confidence": float(probabilities.max().item())
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+ }
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+
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+ # Example usage
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+ result = detect_engine_knock("engine_audio.wav")
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+ print(f"Knock detected: {result['knock_detected']}")
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+ print(f"Confidence: {result['confidence']:.3f}")
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## This model was developed by
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+ 1.Lwanga Caleb
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+ 2.Arinda Emmanuel
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+ 3. Ssempija Gideon Ethan
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+
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+ This model was
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+
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+ ## Framework Versions
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+
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+ - **Transformers**: 4.56.1
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+ - **PyTorch**: 2.8.0+cu126
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+ - **Datasets**: 4.0.0
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+ - **Tokenizers**: 0.22.0
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+
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+ ## Citation
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+
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+ If you use this model in your research or applications, please cite:
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+
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @model{revix-classifier-8.0,
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+ title={Knowledge-Grounded Acoustic Diagnostics on Smartphones for Early Engine Fault Detection},
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+ author={[Lwanga Caleb, Arinda Emmanuel, Ssempija Gideon Ethan]},
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+ year={2025},
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+ url={https://huggingface.co/cxlrd/revix-engineknock_classifier}
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+ }
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+ ```