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7 Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, Strategic Objective E: Women and Armed Conflict (UN Women, 2014, reprint from United Nations, 1995), 87-100, https://www.unwomen.org/-/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/csw/pfa_e_ final_web.pdf?la=en&vs=800, accessed 7 February 2020.
8 Deputy Prime Minister, fn 6 su... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
8 Deputy Prime Minister, fn 6 supra.
9 UN General Assembly, A/RES/54/4, Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (6 October 1999), Status as of 7 February 2020, https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1999/10/19991006%20 05-18%20AM/Ch_IV_8_bp.pdf, accessed 7 Febr... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
Soumita Basu appears to write that the “suggestion” occurred around the time of the annual session of the CSW, and that it pertained to “issues relating to ‘war and women,’” see Soumita Basu, “Security Through Transformations: The Case of the Passage of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women and Peace and Securit... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
13 Statement by Hon.
Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of International Relations and Cooperation at the Security Council High Level Debate on Resolution 1325 (13 October 2015) https://www.peacewomen.org/sites/default/ files/Hon.%20Sra.%20Netumbo%20Nandi-Ndaitwah%20of%20Namibia%20 at%20the%20U... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
pdf , accessed 17 December 2019.
14 Ibid.
15 Peacekeeping UN, Namibia UNTAG Background, https://peacekeeping.un.org/mis- sion/past/untagS.htm, accessed 7 February 2020.
16 Dan Moshenberg, “Namibia: Herero women challenge German amnesia: the 1904- 1908 genocide against the Herero is considered the first in the 20th c... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
18 Ibid, para 4.
19 UN Security Council, S/RES/431 (27 July 1978), para 1.
152 Cornelia Weiss 20 UN Security Council, S/RES/435 (29 September 1978), para 3.
21 UN Security Council, S/RES/632 (16 February 1989), para 2.
22 Author communications with Nashandi (2019/2020).
23 Ibid.
24 Communications: Nashandi.
25 P... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
27 Ibid.
28 UNTAG in Namibia, a new nation is born (UN Transition Assistance Group, 1990): 134.
29 Ibid, 134–135.
30 Ibid, 135.
31 UN Security Council, S/PV.4208 (24 October 2000, 10am), 4.
32 Ibid, 3.
33 Author communications with Grčić Polić (2019/2020).
34 Author communications with Wallensteen (2020). | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
34 Author communications with Wallensteen (2020).
35 UN News, “Interview: Margaret Anstee – first woman to become UN Under-Secretary- General,” 19 September 2016, https://news.un.org/en/story/2016/09/539292-inter- view-margaret-anstee-first-woman-become-un-under-secretary-general, accessed 18 March 2020.
36 Margaret ... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
37 Ibid, 466, 469.
38 Ibid, 420.
39 Margaret Anstee, “One Woman’s Experience at the UN,” UNA-UK Magazine, 14 March 2012, https://www.una.org.uk/magazine/summer-2011/one-womans-experience-un, accessed 23 May 2019.
40 Communications: Grčić Polić. | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
40 Communications: Grčić Polić.
See also Nina Lahoud, “What Fueled the Far- Reaching Impact of the Windhoek Declaration and Namibia Plan of Action as a Milestone for Gender Mainstreaming in UN Peace Support Operations and Where Is Implementation 20 Years Later?”, Journal of International Peacekeeping (2020): 1-52, doi... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
41 World Affairs Council of Western Michigan “A Conversation with a diplomat: high- lights of her global career,” The Rapidian, 9 January 2017, https://www.therapidian.
org/conversation-diplomat-highlights-her-global-career, accessed 7 December 2019.
42 World Affairs Council.
43 Author communications with Steihm (20... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
47 Communications: Wallensteen.
48 Ibid.
49 Letter from the Permanent Representative of Namibia to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General, A/55/138-S/2000/693, Annex I (12 July 2000) https://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/55/a55138.pdf, accessed 12 May 2019.
50 A/55/138–S/2000/693, Annex II.
51 S/PV.42... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
51 S/PV.4208: 3.
52 Five-year Review of the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action [Beijing + 5] held in the General Assembly, 5 - 9 June 2000, para 35, https:// www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/followup/beijing%2B5.htm, accessed 13 May 2019.
53 Ibid, para 124.
54 Ibid, para 13.
Creating UNSCR 1... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
The Bandit Queeen of India: an Indian Woman’s Amazing Journey from Peasant to International Legend (Lyons Press, 2003), XI.
56 Phoolan Devi with Marie-Thérèse Cuny and P. Guilford, The Bandit Queeen of India: an Indian Woman’s Amazing Journey from Peasant to International Legend (Lyons Press, 2003), 493, 495.
57 Ibid... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
60 Bose, 175–176.
61 United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women, “Patricia Flor, Chair, Commission on the Status of Women,” https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/news/ flor.htm, accessed 8 February 2020.
62 Author communications with Flor (2019).
63 Ibid.
64 Ibid.
65 Delegation of the European Union to Japan... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
66 Sanam Naraghi Anderlini, “Civil Society’s Leadership in Adopting 1325 Resolution,” in Oxford Handbook of Women, Peace and Security, edited by Sara E. Davies and Jacqui True (Oxford University Press, 2019), 49.
67 Wensley (2009). | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
67 Wensley (2009).
68 Carol Cohn, Helen Kinsella, and Sherri Gibbings, “Women, Peace and Security – Resolution 1325,” International Journal of Feminist Politics 6:1 (March 2004) 130-140, at 131, https://genderandsecurity.org/sites/default/files/women_peace_ and_security_resolution_1325_-_carol_cohn.pdf.
69 Anderlini,... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
69 Anderlini, 44.
70 Felicity Hill, “How and when has Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women, Peace and Security impacted negotiations outside the Security Council” (master’s thesis, Uppsala, 2005), 29, fn 101.
71 Anderlini, 43.
72 Author communications with Anderlini (2020).
73 Ibid.
74 Cora Weiss, “Cas... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
Suzy Kim, Gwyn Kirk, and M. Brinton Lykes, Social Justice Vol 46 No 1 (2019).
75 Author communications with Heyzer (2019/2020).
76 Ibid.
77 “Coalition on Women and International Peace and Security” to Ambassador Martin Andjaba, Fax dated 18 August 2000, provided to the author by Sheri Gibbings, 2020.
78 Hill: 29–30... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
87 Author communications with Iiyambo (2019/2020).
88 Ibid.
89 Ibid.
90 Ibid.
154 Cornelia Weiss 91 Ibid.
92 Hill, 30. | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
93 Communications: Iiyambo; see UN General Assembly, A/51/306, “Impact of Armed Conflict on Children: Report of the expert of the Secretary-General, Ms. Graça Machel, submitted pursuant to General Assembly resolution 48/157,” 26 August 1996, 3-96; see also Graça Machel, “The Impact of Armed Conflict on Children: A crit... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
95 Communications: Heyzer.
96 Jennifer Klot, “The United Nations Security Council’s agenda on ‘Women, Peace and Security’: bureaucratic pathologies and unrealised potential” (Ph.D.
diss., The London School of Economics and Political Science, 2016), 33.
97 Communications: Iiyambo. | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
97 Communications: Iiyambo.
98 Janet Adongo, “Time for Action: Upper Nile Region Governors and Military Commanders Bring Peace to the Table in Malakal Conference,” UNMISS, 5 April 2019, https://unmiss.unmissions.org/time-action-upper-nile-region-governors-and-military- commanders-bring-peace-table-malakal-conference, ... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
103 Author communications with Hill (2020).
Efforts by the author to locate the NGO’s draft have included requests to individual members of the NGO, as well as to aca- demics and archives that have engaged with the NGO.
At the time of this writing (during COVID-19), a request is pending with the Rockefeller archives,... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
According to Ambassador Selma Ashipala-Musavyi, “Following the intro- duction of the theme [on women, peace and security], what followed then was a minute of silence, followed by a mix of laughter, plain astonishment accompanied by sophisticated ridicule.” Nekwaya Jileka and Julia Imene-Chanduru, “How Namibia Helped Bi... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
2020, 105 Communications: Iiyambo.
106 Ibid.
107 Ibid.
108 Anderlini, 48.
109 Global Policy Forum, “Arria Formula and Other Proceedings,” at 23 October 2000, https://www.globalpolicy.org/security-council/ngos-and-the-council/arria-formula- and-other-un-proceedings.html, accessed 2 December 2019.
110 Communications... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
UN, Press Release SC/6816, “Peace Inextricably Linked With Equality Between Women And Men Says Security Council, In International Women’s Day Statement,” 8 March 2000, https://www.un.org/press/en/2000/20000308.sc6816.
doc.html.
The Bangladesh Mission, due to internal and external constraints, was unable to provide re... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
114 As a result, Heyzer was told she “broke UN rules,” that she was “going to be pun- ished.” A UN Under-Secretary-General alerted Heyzer she would receive a phone Creating UNSCR 1325 155 call posing one question: “Did you ‘participate’ in the Arria Formula?” and that her response should not employ the word “participat... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
Heyzer again was alerted that a telephone call was coming.
The caller this time stated: “I was told you participated.” Heyzer’s response: “I intro- duced.” As a result of the pushback from internal actors in the UN, UNIFEM abstained from taking any credit for the creation of UNSCR 1325 (and did not take credit for alm... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
117 Author communications with Mbikusita-Lewanika (2020).
118 Author communications with Dyfan (2020).
119 Mendez 2008: 224 120 Guatemala, “Agreement on identity and rights of Indigenous Peoples,” 31 March 1995, Section II B, para 1.
121 Guatemala, “Agreement on Social and Economic Aspects and Agrarian Situation,” 6... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
122 Guatemala, “Agreement on the Strengthening of Civilian Power and on the Role of the Armed Forces in a Democratic Society,” 19 September 1996, Section IV.
123 Guatemala, “Agreement on the Basis for the Legal Integration of the Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca,” 12 December 1996, Section II, para 12.
124... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
127 Division for the Advancement of Women/Secretariat for the Fourth World Conference on Women, Department for Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development, Expert Group Meeting: Gender and the Agenda For Peace, GAP/1994/1 (5–9 December 1994) para 40.
128 Ibid, para 40.
129 CARICOM, “$1.5 Billion in recovery fundi... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
org/2020/01/14/1-5-billion-in-recovery-funding-and-in-kind-services-pledged-at- hurricane-dorian-conference, accessed 21 January 2020.
130 Author communications with Theorin (2019).
131 GAP/1994/1, para 29.1.2.1. | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
131 GAP/1994/1, para 29.1.2.1.
132 EU Parliament, A5-0308/2000, Committee on Women’s Rights and Equal Opportunities, Report on participation of women in peaceful conflict resolution (2000/2025(INI)): 5-12, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-// EP//NONSGML+REPORT+A5-2000-0308+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN&languag... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
Gibbings used pseudonyms stating, “Most individuals I interviewed consented to the use of their names in my research, but, at my discretion, the names of individuals have either been changed, or, in some cases, comments have not been attributed to any specific person.” Sheri Gibbings, “Governing Women, Governing Securi... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
135 S/PV.4208.
136 Author communications with Soderberg (2020).
137 Wensley (2009).
138 Author communications with Hunt (2020).
156 Cornelia Weiss 139 Nancy Soderberg, The Superpower Myth: The Use And Misuse Of American Might (John Wiley, 2005), 15.
140 Madeleine Albright, Madame Secretary: A Memoir (Hyperion, 200... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
143 Soderberg, Superpower Myth, 16.
144 Judith Stiehm, “Peacekeeping: A New Role for Women Seeking Peace” in Towards A Women’s Agenda For A Culture of Peace, ed.
Ingeborg Breines, Dorota Gierycz and Betty A. Reardon (UNESCO Publishing, 1999), 136.
145 S/PV.4208: 2 and 4; S/PV.4208 (Resumption 1): 4.
146 UN Security... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
147 Women’s Museum of Australia, “Penelope Ann Wensley,” https://wmoa.com.au/her- story2017/woman/wensley-penelope-anne, accessed 21 August 2020.
148 Lowy Institute, “Penny Wensley,” https://www.lowyinstitute.org/people/executive- directors/bio/penny-wensley, accessed 17 January 2020.
149 Lowy.
150 Author communicat... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
151 United Nations, “Growth in United Nations membership, 1945-present,” https:// www.un.org/en/sections/member-states/growth-united-nations-membership- 1945-present/index.html, accessed 17 January 2020.
152 “AROUND THE WORLD; Liechtenstein Women Win Right to Vote,” The New York Times, 2 July 1984, https://www.nytimes... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
155 Communications: Bose.
156 Ibid.
157 S/PV.4208 (Resumption 1): 29.
158 Author communications with Wensley (2020).
159 Ibid.
160 Penelope Wensley speech, Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom Triennial Conference on “Women, Peace and Sustainable Futures,” 23 May 2009, https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/w... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
161 Communications: Fritsche.
162 Ibid.
163 S/PV.4208: 12.
164 Ibid, 13.
165 Ibid at 9 and 10.
166 S/PV.4208 (Resumption 1): 19.
167 Ibid, 30.
168 Ibid, 31.
169 King, Durrant, and Soderberg at S/PV.4208: 6, 11, and 13; Bose and Wensley at S/ PV.4208 Resumption 1: 20 and 28.
170 S/PV.4208: 8.
171 S/PV.4208: 12... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
173 Wensley 2009.
174 Republic of Namibia, Ministry of International Relations and Cooperation, Concept Note: Establishment of the International Women’s Peace Centre in Namibia (2019).
175 “Namibia: Welcoming Remarks at the Launch of the International Women’s Peace Centre,” All Africa, 31 October 2020, https://allafr... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
“Time for Action: Upper Nile Region Governors and Military Commanders Bring Peace to the Table in Malakal Conference.” UNMISS, 5 April 2019. https://unmiss.
unmissions.org/time-action-upper-nile-region-governors-and-military- commanders- bring-peace-table-malakal-conference Albright, Madeleine.
Madame Secretary: A Me... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
Anderlini, Sanam Naraghi.
“Civil Society’s Leadership in Adopting 1325 Resolution.” In Oxford Handbook of Women, Peace and Security, edited by Sara E. Davies and Jacqui True.
Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019.
Andjaba, Martin.
“Assessment of the Work of the Security Council, The Namibian Presidency.” Global Pol... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
Wiley, Chichester, West Sussex, 2003.
Anstee, Margaret.
“One Woman’s Experience at the UN.” UNA-UK Magazine, 14 March 2012. https://www.una.org.uk/magazine/summer-2011/one-womans-experience-un.
AROUND THE WORLD.
“AROUND THE WORLD; Liechtenstein Women Win Right to Vote.” The New York Times, 2 July 1984. https://www.... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
Basu, Soumita.
“Security Through Transformations: The Case of the Passage of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women and Peace and Security.” Ph.D.
diss., Aberystwyth University, 2009.
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action.
Strategic Objective E: Women and Armed Conflict (UN Women, 2014, reprint from Uni... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
Bose, Krisha.
An Outsider in Politics.
Penguin, Viking, 2008.
CARICOM.
“$1.5 Billion in recovery funding and in-kind services pledged at Hurricane Dorian conference,” 14 January 2020. https://today.caricom.org/2020/01/14/1- 5-billion-in-recovery-funding-and-in-kind-services-pledged-at-hurricane-dorian- conference.
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“What Fueled the Far-Reaching Impact of the Windhoek Declaration and Namibia Plan of Action as a Milestone for Gender Mainstreaming in UN Peace Support Operations and Where Is Implementation 20 Years Later?” Journal of International Peacekeeping (2020): 1–52, doi: 10.116./18754112-20200005.
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Now the surviv- ing descendants want their land back.” The Guardian, 23 October 2012.
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aspx (accessed February 11 2020). | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
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10 Commentary The restorative archeology of knowledge about the role of women in the history of the UN – Theoretical implications for international relations Rebecca Adami, Dan Plesch and Amitav Acharya The role of women in the history of the United Nations should be seen in the conte... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
A cartoon of the problem characterizes international history as lacking in theoretical self-consciousness and fearful of the contamination of contemporary relevance to policy and social practice. | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
International Relations on the other hand is beset by increasingly reified theories distant from empiricism.1 The original term of Michel Foucault, Archeology, is a form of discourse analy- sis to analyze continuities and discontinuities of thought.2 The term also creates thoughts of the historical school of study rath... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
Thus, the term bridges disciplines.
The word restorative carries both the archaeologi- cal meaning of an object for study and appreciation, but also a sense of buried treasure to illuminate and empower the contemporary world.
At the present time politics contains both efforts to advance human rights—not least women’s... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
The works in this volume revisit the foundational period of global organizations—specifically the United Nations.
They demon- strate empirically and theorize a far richer reality of global feminisms in this foundational period than has previously been recognized either by feminist schol- arship or by traditional histo... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
By unearthing the hidden history of women in shaping human rights inter- nationally through the UN, we gain important insights into how women from the Global South—although in minority in UN bodies and in their own delega- tions—not only historically sat “at the table” but were architects of “the table” at which Member... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
The inclusion of gender equality in the UN Charter, of women’s rights in the UDHR, the adop- tion of the first two international conventions on the rights in marriage and of political rights of women, the adoption of the CEDAW, and more recently of the Resolution 1325 in the Security Council on the participation of wom... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
The evidence in this volume fills the absence of recogni- tion of the intellectual thought of women of colour in international politics and DOI: 10.4324/9781003036708-10 162 Rebecca Adami, Dan Plesch and Amitav Acharya in the making of world politics through the United Nations, countering the false impression in the hi... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
The role of international feminism during the early Cold War period has been simplified in earlier accounts as mired in dichotomies obscuring links between welfarism and feminism on the one hand and internationalism and feminism on the other.7 By advancing the concept of “international welfare feminism” Adami argues th... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
Nationalist ideologies have come to overshadow these vital narratives on women’s rights and freedoms.
The con- ceptualization of “international welfare feminism” further questions the assump- tion that Western feminism was internationalized through the UN; the push for economic and social rights by Southern feminists,... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
The scope of agency in International Relations, as Amitav Acharya eloquently demonstrates in earlier work, needs to continue to be recast; and this is where the hidden historical narrative of feminist agency from the Global South in the UN provide us with contestations of the dominant narra- tive which opens space for ... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
Roland Burke10 discloses that among the earliest travelling advisory seminars on human rights of the UN, assembling in Bangkok, Bogotá Addis Ababa, and Lomé, were those devoted to questions of women’s freedoms and welfare.
International feminism in the Cold War years was, as noticeable Commentary 163 from the angles s... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
The Peruvian feminist Carmela Aguilar with her Incan heritage argued for the supremacy of the UDHR over prejudice and tradition in order not to deprive women of their fundamental rights.11 Aoife O’Donoghue and Adam Rowe in this volume demonstrate how the post-colonial context in the 1970s (the New International Economi... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
This shift in power led to a heightened concern in the mid-1980s regarding Western moral imperialism when Ethiopian rights activist Berhane Ras-Work—representing the Inter-African Committee on Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children—crafted with Save the Children a proposal to eradicate harmful... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
Ellen Chesler provides historical context to the drafting of DEDAW and CEDAW crediting two women as principal architects of the declaration and the convention respectively, Annie Jiagge (Ghana) and Leticia Shahani (the Philippines). | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
As Chesler notes in her conclusion; “the all too common characterization of women’s rights as a western invention, imposed on innocents elsewhere in the world, is not only wrong but also insulting.”14 One would not but agree as the history of focal UN documents, treaties, and conven- tions on women’s human rights in th... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
Cornelia Weiss continues this unfolding of UN history into a new millennium as she unearths the role of Namibia behind the first draft for the Security Council Resolution 1325 and the role of women leaders Selma Ndeyapo Ashipala-Musavyi, the Deputy Permanent Representative of Namibia, and First Secretary Aina Liyambo.1... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
As the authors of these chapters remind us, women have constituted a minority in International Relations and had to form a caucus to achieve change (see intro note on the Char- ter, chap 1 and 2 on the women and the Charter, chap 4 on the CSW, chap 9 on female Permanent Representatives in 1990s).16 Varieties of agency ... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
One of the impor- tant insights of the emerging literature on global governance and multilateral- ism is what Acharya has called the “pluralization of agency”.
Agency should not be equated with states, or organized non-state actors, but also individual women and men. | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
While these individuals may be working for, or associated with 164 Rebecca Adami, Dan Plesch and Amitav Acharya governments, inter-governmental organizations or NGOs, they do leave their own distinctive mark on international agreements and institutions which may not necessarily reflect the positions of the organization... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
In addition, agency is pluralized in a variety of ways: broadly stated, these include (1) Agency through dissent and resistance to mainstream ideas and rules of the day, championed by influential figures or governments they represent, and the offering of alternative ideas and norms; (2) Agency of weak states and their ... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
This volume offers multiple illustrations of such agency by women in the building of the UN system. | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
One example of the first form of agency is the chal- lenge made by Indian representative to the UN Commission on Human Rights, Hansa Mehta, to the Chair of the UDHR drafting Committee, Eleanor Roosevelt, which led to the language of the UDHR being changed from “all men are created equal” to “all humans”.17 Another case... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
India; Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, Hansa Mehta, Shareefah Hamid Ali, and Lakshmi Menon who advocated human rights without discrimination based on their per- sonal convictions that the UN should develop international legal machinery to uphold respect for human rights in newly independent Member States and for- mer colonial p... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
Bernardino was born in the Domini- can Republic but lived in Washington and shifted in her UN engagement between acting in the capacity of delegate representative and as Chair to the Inter Amer- ican Commission on Women, to avoid the limitations and constraints that came from representing an autocracy at the UN.23 Leti... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
Shahani had moved to and was living in the US with her husband, a Karachi born intellectual, while still representing the Philippines which was also part of the powerful alliance of the Group of 77 non-aligned Nations (G77) at the UN.24 The women named in this volume may be seen as not representative of women around th... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
The ambition of international diplomacy work through the UN that this volume speaks of, nevertheless, is to generate local change through international norm-setting on women’s human rights.
Re-thinking IR not only distinguishes these important forms of agency newly restored; but conceptual- izes political space beyond... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
“[A] political space does not emerge solely between individuals who are equal in formal and legal terms, but (…) equal in dignity though lacking in rights.”25 The limitations with interpreting the actions of individual’s in the history of the UN through solely their formal representation, their country of origin, their... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
More research is needed on the many local actors and individuals who have advo- cated human rights on occasion at a global level through their personal commit- ments based on their rooted experiences.
Acharya engages in his work on agency with individual actors outside the UN system who bring together all four types o... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
She was the winner of the 2004 Noble Peace Prize for her work in sustainable development that led to the Greenbelt movement that she had founded in 1977.
Maathi was born in poverty and became a dissenter against her own government.
Her advocacy of reforestation led to threats from the Kenyan government to send her to... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
Some Western analysts think that while the ideas coming from scholars and practitioners in the Global South such as Maathai which lead to the creation of new norms and institutions are possible only because they were trained in West- ern academic institutions, and/or worked for international institutions based in the W... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
Maathai was trained in the US (University of Pittsburg) and did receive political backing and financial resources from countries such as Canada.
Nonetheless, her ideas and campaigns were deeply rooted in her childhood experience in Kenya.
Maathai developed the ideas of planting millions of trees to rejuvenate the for... | INTL LAW | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/9781003036708_webpdf.pdf | https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003036708/women-un-dan-plesch-rebecca-adami |
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