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Thematic brief on social protection 12 References Allieu, Andrew Mundalo, and Ana Ocampo.
2019.
“On the Path to Universal Coverage for Rural Populations: Removing Barriers of Access to Social Protection.” Rome: FAO.
http://www.fao.org/3/ca7246en/ca7246en.pdf.
Behrendt, Christina, Quynh Anh Nguyen, and Uma Rani.
20... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755833265.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/04/a-tb_on_social_protection.pdf |
https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12212.
Durán Valverde, Fabio, José Pacheco-Jiménez, Taneem Muzaffar, and Hazel Elizondo-Barboza.
2020.
“Financing Gaps in Social Protection: Global Estimates and Strategies for Developing Countries in Light of COVID-19 and Beyond.” Working paper.
Geneva: International Labour Office.
FA... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755833265.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/04/a-tb_on_social_protection.pdf |
———.
2020.
“Social Protection and COVID-19 Response in Rural Areas.” https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8561en.
FAO, and ILO.
forthcoming.
“Effectively Extending Social Protection to Rural Populations: Perspectives for a Common FAO and ILO Approach.” Rome and Geneva: FAO and ILO.
FAO, and UNICEF.
2017.
“The Economic Cas... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755833265.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/04/a-tb_on_social_protection.pdf |
Ghosh, Jayati.
2020.
“How to Finance Social Protection in Developing Countries in the Age of COVID-19.” Work In Progress (blog).
2020. https://iloblog.org/.
Global Commission on the Future of Work.
2019.
Work for a Brighter Future.
Geneva: International Labour Office.
ILO.
2012.
“Social Protection Floors Reco... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755833265.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/04/a-tb_on_social_protection.pdf |
———.
2014.
“World Social Protection Report 2014/15: Building Economic Recovery, Inclusive Development and Social Justice.” Geneva: International Labour Office.
———.
2016.
Non-Standard Employment around the World: Understanding Challenges, Shaping Prospects.
Geneva: International Labour Office.
———.
2017a.
Reso... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755833265.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/04/a-tb_on_social_protection.pdf |
2017b.
“World Social Protection Report 2017-2019.
Universal Social Protection to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.” Geneva: International Labour Office.
———.
2018a.
“Innovative Approaches for Ensuring Universal Social Protection for the Future of Work.” 12.
Issue Brief Prepared for the 2nd Meeting of the... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755833265.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/04/a-tb_on_social_protection.pdf |
———.
2018b.
Women and Men in the Informal Economy: A Statistical Picture (Third Edition).
Geneva: International Labour Office.
———.
2018c.
“World Employment and Social Outlook 2018: Greening with Jobs.” Geneva: International Labour Office.
———.
2019.
“Extending Social Security Coverage to Workers in the Inform... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755833265.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/04/a-tb_on_social_protection.pdf |
———.
2020a.
ILOSTAT.
Geneva: International Labour Office.
https://ilostat.ilo.org.
Thematic brief on social protection 13 ———.
2020b.
“Social Protection Responses to the COVID-19 Crisis: Country Responses and Policy Considerations.” Social Protection Spotlight.
https://www.social- protection.org/gimi/RessourceP... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755833265.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/04/a-tb_on_social_protection.pdf |
———.
2020c.
“Social Protection Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Developing Countries: Strengthening Resilience by Building Universal Social Protection.” Social Protection Spotlight.
https://www.social-protection.org/gimi/RessourcePDF.action?id=56542.
ILO, and IDA.
2019.
“Joint Statement: Towards Inclusive So... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755833265.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/04/a-tb_on_social_protection.pdf |
ILO, and UNICEF.
2019.
“Towards Universal Social Protection for Children: Achieving SDG 1.3.” Geneva and New York: International Labour Office and United Nations Children’s Fund.
Kangasniemi, Mari, Marco Knowles, and Panagiotis Karfakis.
2020.
“The Role of Social Protection in Inclusive Structural Transformation.”... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755833265.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/04/a-tb_on_social_protection.pdf |
2020.
“Time to Care.
Unpaid and Underpaid Care Work and the Global Inequality Crisis.” Oxfam Briefing Paper.
Mideros, Andrés, Franziska Gassmann, and Pierre Mohnen.
2016.
“Estimation of Rates of Return on Social Protection: Ex Ante Microsimulation of Social Transfers in Cambodia.” Journal of Development Effectiven... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755833265.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/04/a-tb_on_social_protection.pdf |
Ortiz, Isabel, Anis Chowdhury, Fabio Durán-Valverde, Taneem Muzaffar, and Stefan Urban.
2019.
Fiscal Space for Social Protection.
A Handbook for Assessing Financing Options.
Geneva: International Labour Office.
Ortiz, Isabel, Matthew Cummins, Jeronim Capaldo, and Kalaivani Karunanethy.
2015.
“The Decade of Adjus... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755833265.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/04/a-tb_on_social_protection.pdf |
http://www.social- protection.org/gimi/gess/RessourcePDF.action?ressource.ressourceId=53192.
Reinhart, Carmen M., and Kenneth Rogoff.
2020.
“Suspend Emerging and Developing Economies’ Debt Payments.” Project Syndicate (blog).
April 13, 2020. https://www.project- syndicate.org/commentary/suspend-emerging-and-develop... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755833265.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/04/a-tb_on_social_protection.pdf |
Sanches, Marina, and Laura Carvalho.
2019.
“A Contribuição Da Política Fiscal Para a Crise Brasileira Recente: Uma Análise Baseada Em Multiplicadores de Despesas Primárias Do Governo Central No Período 1997-2018.” 2019–35.
FEA-USP Working Paper Series.
Sao Paolo: University of Sao Paolo.
http://www.repec.eae.fea.u... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755833265.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/04/a-tb_on_social_protection.pdf |
SPIAC-B.
2019.
“Social Protection to Promote Gender Equality and Women’s and Girls’ Empowerment: Joint Statement to the 63rd Session of the Commission on the Status of Women.” New York: Social Protection Inter-agency Cooperation Board.
https://socialprotection.org/sites/default/files/publications_files/SPIAC- B%20JS... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755833265.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/04/a-tb_on_social_protection.pdf |
———.
2019.
“Progress of the World’s Women 2019-2020: Families in a Changing World.” New York: UN Women.
Thematic brief on social protection 14 UNDP.
2019.
“Human Development Report 2019: Beyond Income, beyond Averages, beyond Today: Inequalities in Human Development in the 21st Century.” New York: United Nations D... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755833265.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/04/a-tb_on_social_protection.pdf |
United Nations.
2020.
“World Social Report 2020: Inequality in a Rapidly Changing World.” New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2019/12/World- Social-Report-2020-V7-2.pdf.
WHO, and World Bank.
2017.
“Tracking Univer... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755833265.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/04/a-tb_on_social_protection.pdf |
https://www.who.int/healthinfo/universal_health_coverage/report/2017/en/. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755833265.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/04/a-tb_on_social_protection.pdf |
Social protection systems for all to prevent homelessness and facilitate access to adequate housing Social Protection for All Issue Brief November 2019 Social protection systems, including floors, play a key role for the reduction of poverty and inequality and also contribute to preventing homelessness and facilitating... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Homelessness, broadly defined as “living in severely in- adequate housing due to a lack of access to minimally adequate housing” (Busch-Geertsema et al., 2016, p. 125), is a global phenomenon.
It affects people in both urban and rural areas, as well as in developed and de- veloping countries. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Causes are diverse and include un- employment and poverty, social and demographic changes, lack of affordable housing, migration (particu- larly rural-urban migration, but also related to climate change, disasters or conflicts), or ill-health. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
The Special Rapporteur on Adequate Housing proposes a three- dimensional approach anchored in human rights: Recognizing that homelessness has both a material and social aspect: the lack of minimally adequate housing that would provide a secure place to establish a family of social relationships and partici- pate in c... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
SDG target 11.1 commits to “ensur[ing] access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic ser- vices and upgrade slums”.
Despite the fact that the share of the urban population that lives in slums was halved between 1990 and 2014, the absolute number has actually increased as urban population growth is ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
The implementation of national social protection sys- tems, including floors, can accelerate progress towards preventing homelessness and achieving SDG target 11.1.
SDG target 1.3 calls for the implementation of “nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors”, which play a key... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
202) highlights in particular the key role of nationally defined social protection floors in guaranteeing at least a basic level of income security and effective access to essential health care for ensuring life in dignity. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
In preparation for the 58th session of the Commission for Social Development in February 2020, this note sketches out the role of social protection in achieving progress towards preventing homelessness, including by addressing some of its root causes, and promoting ac- cess to adequate, safe and affordable housing. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
In par- ticular, the note highlights how universal social protec- tion systems that are developed in accordance with human rights principles and ILO social security stand- ards can contribute to preventing homelessness and fa- cilitating access to adequate, safe and affordable hous- ing.
Key points Social protection... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Universal social protection has a key role in achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable De- velopment, and in particular SDG target 1.3 on “social protection systems and measures for all, including floors” and SDG target 11.1 on ade- quate, safe and affordable housing.
Social protection systems for all address mul... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Moreo- ver, they are gender-sensitive and responsive to special needs, for instance for people with a disability.
ILO standards are an integral part of the inter- nationally agreed framework for the develop- ment of universal social protection systems.
Universal social protection encompasses three aspects: Univ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Well designed and implemented social protec- tion systems ensure coordination with other pol- icies that address homelessness outside the immediate area of social security, for example wage, employment and investment policies. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
2 Social Protection Systems for All to Prevent Homelessness Leaving no one behind: Social protection in the 2030 Agenda Social protection is the set of policies designed to re- duce and prevent poverty and vulnerability throughout the life cycle, and to realize the human right to social security.
Social protection inc... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Typically, social protection systems are implemented through a mix of contributory schemes (social insurance) and tax-fi- nanced schemes (social assistance).
Over the past years, many countries have achieved significant extension of social protection coverage.
However, 55 percent of the world’s population are not pro... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1 (End poverty in all its forms everywhere) sets, among others, the target to “implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and vulnerable” (SDG target 1.3). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
In addition, universal social protection contributes to achieving other SDGs, in particular universal health cov- erage (target 3.8), gender equality (target 5.4), decent work and economic growth (target 8.5), reduced ine- qualities (target 10.4), and effective, accountable and transparent institutions (target 16.6).
... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Universal social protection systems, including floors, to prevent homelessness and facilitate access to adequate housing Homelessness is a complex phenomenon that can be caused by multiple, sometimes overlapping reasons at the individual and structural level.
Among the risk fac- tors are poverty and unemployment, lack... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Many of these factors are ad- dressed by well-designed and implemented social pro- tection systems, and in particular social protection floors.
In addition to addressing risk factors, social pro- tection systems contribute to alleviating adverse conse- quences of homelessness and to facilitating access to adequate hou... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Preventing poverty Social protection systems, including floors, are an im- portant component of public policies to prevent poverty, by protecting people from adverse financial conse- quences of life cycle events such as unemployment, ill health, disability or maternity, and ensuring at least a basic level of income sec... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
This is part of the basic social security guarantees that constitute a nationally-defined social protection floor, aimed at preventing or alleviating poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion.
In view of the important role of social protection for the prevention of poverty, it is not surprising that there is a negat... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Figure 1: Social protection systems and access to housing in the SDGs Social Protection Systems for All to Prevent Homelessness 3 Social protection systems do not only alleviate poverty, but also promote decent employment and inclusive growth and are an integral part of decent work. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
They contribute to strengthening human capabilities, partic- ularly in the transforming world of work, enhancing em- ployability and the productivity of workers, facilitating job search, enhancing skills and labour market partici- pation, and enable people to better navigate life and work transitions, including from sc... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Moreover, effective access to essential health care is a critical component of social protection floors.
Individu- als should have access to a nationally defined set of goods and services that constitutes essential health care, including prevention and treatment for common diseases, special health-care needs and mater... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Social protection floors should be de- signed in a way that ensures that persons in need of health care should not face hardship and an increased risk of poverty due to the financial consequences of ac- cessing essential health care (Recommendation No.
202, para.
8a).
Policies that ensure universal health coverage i... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Preventing homelessness In addition to reducing and preventing poverty in gen- eral, social protection systems, including floors, also have a specific role to play with regard to preventing homelessness and facilitating access to adequate hous- ing. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Social protection systems directly address some of the risk factors for homelessness and inadequate housing, such as poverty (particularly through social assistance and housing benefits, unemployment (through unem- ployment protection and social assistance), ill-health (through health protection and long-term care), an... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
More generally, the im- portant role of social protection systems in guaranteeing at least a basic level of income security and effective access to health care is essential for preventing home- lessness and inadequate housing.
While internationally comparable data on different as- pects of homelessness and inadequate ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Countries with higher effective social protection cover- age tend to perform better with regard to housing. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Figure 3 shows a negative correlation between SDG indicator 1.3.1, that is the share of the population that is covered by at least one social protection benefit (including sick- ness benefits, unemployment benefits, old-age benefits, employment injury benefits, family/child benefits and survivors’ benefits) and SDG ind... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
How should social protection systems be designed to prevent homelessness and facilitate access to adequate housing?
The right to housing as part of the right to an adequate standard of living is, as the right to social security, rec- ognized in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (1948) and in the International ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
The right to social security can contribute to the right to adequate housing by means of universal social protec- tion systems that are designed and implemented in ac- cordance with international human rights instruments and ILO social security standards, which are an integral part of the internationally agreed framewo... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
202) and the Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1952 (No.
102) are the corner- stones for developing universal social protection sys- tems. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
These standards can provide important guidance with regard to making social protection systems, including floors, more effective in preventing homelessness and Figure 2: Social protection expenditure (including health, percentage of GDP) and percent of population living on less than $3.2 per day, latest available years... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Note: Percent of population living on less than $3.2 per day in 2011 PPP.
Data available for 141 countries.
R2=0.528.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 PERCENT OF POPULATION LIVING ON LESS THAN $3.2 PER DAY PUBLIC SOCIAL PROTECTION EXPENDITURE (INCLUDING HEALTH) AS PERCENTAGE OF GDP 4 Social Pro... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
While few ILO standards explicitly refer to housing and homelessness, it contains a number of important elements that should guide the implementation of policies at the national, re- gional and global level.
First, national social protection systems should guaran- tee a nationally-defined social protection floor that ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Second, national social protection systems should be further strengthened by the progressive achievement of higher levels of protec- tion to ensure adequate protection.
According to this framework, universal social protection encompasses three key aspects: universal coverage in terms of persons protected; comprehe... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
In addition, given the complexity of the challenges of homelessness and inadequate housing, it is essential that social protection policies are embedded in a broader policy approach that also considers coordination with other social, economic and employment policies, and finds policy solutions that are adapted to each ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
202, nationally- defined social protection floors guarantee at least a basic level of social security for everyone throughout his or her life course, ensuring that all in need can effec- tively access social protection.
These guarantees should cover at least all residents and all children, subject to other internation... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Social protection systems should promote the principles of social inclusion (including of persons in the informal economy) and respect for people’s rights and dignity; and respect the principles of non-discrimination, gender equality and responsiveness to special needs. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
The latter points are also important in light of findings that the experience of homelessness may vary for different groups in the population, for example men and women (Johnson et al., 2018), but also persons with special needs such as living with a disability (ILO and IDA, 2019).
Universal social protection does not... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Recommendation No.
202 also sets out that countries should progressively ensure higher levels of social security for as many people as possible and as soon as possible.
Adequacy of protection Universal social protection needs to be adequate to achieve the expected policy outcomes.
ILO social secu- rity standards pro... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Nationally-defined social protection floors play a partic- ularly important role in this respect, as they should pre- vent or at least alleviate poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion.
They should guarantee access to a set of nec- essary goods and services that allow life in dignity (Rec- ommendation No.
202, pa... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
202, paras.
4 and 8).
These neces- sary goods and services should respond to the need for adequate housing and basic services, which are re- flected in the minimum core content of the human right to social security.
This consists of a minimum essential level of benefits that enables individuals and families to “acqu... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
59a).
These guarantees can be provided through different means, including benefits in cash and in kind, and through close coordination of social protection policies with other policies, such as labour market, employment and wage policies (see below).
In fact, many countries take into account housing needs in the defi... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
In addition to providing guidance regarding adequate benefit levels, ILO social security standards also set out Figure 3: Effective social protection coverage (SDG indicator 1.3.1) and urban population living in slums (SDG indicator 11.1.1), 2014/2015 Source: ILO World Social Protection Report 2017-2019 (ILO, 2017a) an... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Note: SDG indicator 1.3.1: Population covered by at least one social protection benefit (effective coverage): Proportion of the population receiving at least one contributory or non-contributory cash benefit, or actively contributing to at least one social security scheme.
SDG indicator 11.1.1: Proportion of urban pop... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Data available for 32 countries.
R2=0.555.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 20 40 60 80 100 PERCENT OF URBAN POPULATION LIVING IN SLLUMS, 2014 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL POPULATION COVERED BY AT LEAST ONE SOCIAL PROTECTION BENEFIT (EFFECTIVE COVERAGE), 2015 Social Protection Systems for All to Prevent Homelessness 5 key prin... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
This may include specific measures to ensure the effective access for marginalized or vulnera- ble categories of the population, including with regard to awareness-raising and information about benefit en- titlements, decentralized structures to facilitate access to benefits and services and active outreach strategies.... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Such comprehensive protection should encom- pass in particular the core areas of social protection systems, including sickness benefits, unemployment benefits, old-age benefits, employment injury benefits, child or family benefits, maternity benefits, invalid- ity/disability benefits and survivor benefits.
These are r... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
As causes of homelessness are diverse and may overlap, comprehensive protection ensures that multiple risks that different population groups may face over their life cycle are addressed in an integrated way.
Coordination and coherence with other social, economic and employment policies Recommendation No.
202 calls on... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Equally, the Commission on the Status of Women em- phasized the need for policy coherence in order to en- sure that social protection systems, public services and infrastructure policies are complementary (UN, 2019).
Policies to address homelessness and affordable hous- ing policies are case in point, as States often ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
In OECD countries, key services for homeless people include social housing provision, social protec- tion, and specialist and emergency interventions (OECD, 2015).
Needs for coordination exist for instance be- tween unemployment or social assistance benefits, housing allowances, and employment programmes.
This requir... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
It is essential to consider a coherent policy approach with labour market, employment, wage and broader macro-economic policies.
For example, effective (mini- mum) wage policies play an important role in enabling people to afford adequate housing (ILO, 2019b).
In some contexts, public employment programmes may also c... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Comprehensive housing policies should in- clude appropriate policies to ensure adequate, safe and affordable housing for workers, in line with the guidance provided by the ILO Workers' Housing Recommendation, 1961 (No.
115). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
115).
In addition, investment policies for housing should also take into account considerations regarding decent work, ensuring that rights at work including social protection are guaranteed to all workers involved in the construc- tion and maintenance of housing in line with interna- tional labour standards.
The Glo... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
No one-size-fits-all model In view of the diversity of national experiences with re- gard to homelessness and inadequate housing, countries may choose for different policy approaches to tackle homelessness depending on the scope and magnitude of homelessness, or depending on the needs of people who are homeless (OECD, ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Recommendation No.
202 clearly specifies that social protection floors should be nationally defined, and that countries should consider “the most effective and efficient combination of bene- fits and schemes in the national context.” Likewise, they should consider different methods to mobilize the nec- essary resource... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Promoting universal social protection The international human rights framework, internation- al social security standards and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development set out a clear internationally agreed framework for achieving universal social protec- tion.
The Global Partnership for Universal Social Protection ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
It calls upon countries and development partners to undertake the following five actions, to support the global commitment on uni- versal social protection: • ACTION 1.
Protection throughout life cycle: Es- tablish universal social protection systems, includ- ing floors that provide adequate protection through- out th... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
• ACTION 2.
Universal coverage: Provide universal access to social protection and ensure that social protection systems are rights-based, gender-sensi- tive and inclusive, leaving no one behind.
• ACTION 3.
National ownership: Develop social protection strategies and policies based on nation- 6 Social Protection Sys... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
• ACTION 4.
Sustainable and equitable financing: Ensure the sustainability and fairness of social pro- tection systems by prioritizing reliable and equita- ble forms of domestic financing, complemented by international cooperation and support where nec- essary.
• ACTION 5. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
• ACTION 5.
Participation and social dialogue: Strengthen governance of social protection systems through institutional leadership, multi-sector coor- dination and the participation of social partners and other relevant and representative organiza- tions, to generate broad-based support and pro- mote the effectiveness... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
This includes most high-income countries, as well as a growing number of middle- and low-income coun- tries, including Argentina, Cabo Verde, China, Georgia, Lesotho, Mongolia, Namibia, Nepal, South Africa and Uruguay (see country briefs on www.usp2030.org and Ortiz et al., 2018). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
However, more efforts are needed to expand coverage and ensure comprehensive and adequate social protec- tion for all, to prevent homelessness and facilitate ac- cess to adequate, safe and affordable housing, including for marginalized and vulnerable groups. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Such efforts of national and local governments are essential to “re-en- gage and recommit to their role of providing social pro- tection and ensuring access to affordable housing for marginalized and vulnerable groups, reaffirming that housing is a human right rather than a commodity” (UN, 2015, p. 22). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Closer policy coordination between national social pro- tection policies and other policies relevant to the provi- sion of adequate, safe and affordable housing are nec- essary to ensure policy coordination and an effective allocation of resources, as to ensuring that no one is left behind.
References Busch-Geertsema,... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
55, pp.
124- 132.
Global Commission for the Future of Work (2019) Work for a brighter future.
Geneva: ILO.
ILO (2017a) World Social Protection Report 2017-2019.
Univer- sal social protection to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
Geneva: International Labour Office.
ILO (2017b) Building social protection ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Geneva: ILO.
ILO.
(2019b) Minimum wage policy guide.
Geneva: International Labour Office.
ILO and IDA (2019) Joint statement.
Towards inclusive social pro- tection systems supporting the full and effective participation of persons with disabilities.
ILO and UNICEF (2019) Towards universal social protection for ch... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Johnson, G.; Ribar, D.C.; Zhu, A.
(2018) “Women’s homeless- ness: International evidence on causes, consequences, cop- ing, and policies”, in Averett, S.L.
et al.
(eds): Oxford hand- book of women and the economy (Oxford, Oxford University Press), pp.
799-824.
OECD (2015) Integrating social services for vulnerable... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
Ortiz, I., Schmitt, V. and De, L. (2018) 100 years of social pro- tection: The road to universal social protection systems and floors.
Volume I: 50 country cases.
Geneva: ILO.
UN (2015) Report of the Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living, and on the righ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
New York: United Nations.
UN (2019) Social protection systems, access to public services and sustainable infrastructure for gender equality and the em- powerment of women and girls, Agreed Conclusions of the 63rd Session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women (E/CN.6/2019/L.3).
New York: United Nations.
UN CESC... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
UN ECOSOC (2018) Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.
Report of the Secretary General.
E/2018/64.
New York: United Nations Economic and Social Council.
UN-Habitat (2019) UN-Habitat Urban Data.
Nairobi, UN-Habitat.
USP2030 (2019) Together to Achieve Universal Social Protection by 2030 – a Call to Ac... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
This issue brief was prepared by Mira Bierbaum and Christina Behrendt, with inputs from Valérie Schmitt.
The authors would like to thank the participants of the Expert Group Meeting on “Affordable housing and social protection systems for all to address homelessness”, United Nations Office at Nairobi, 22-24 May 2019 f... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
The editor of the series is the Director of the ILO Social Protection Department, International Labour Office, 4, route des Morillons, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland.
Visit our websites: www.social-protection.org; www.ilo.org. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755838888.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/01/55706.pdf |
SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES M a r i a M a r t i n h o S E C R E T A R I A T O F T H E C O N V E N T I O N O N T H E R I G H T S O F P E R S O N S W I T H D I S A B I L I T I E S / D S P D / U N D E S A m a r t i n h o @ u n . | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755840534.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/rwss/2017/Martinho.pdf |
o r g E X P E R T G R O U P M E E T I N G ‘ P R O M O T I N G I N C L U S I O N T H R O U G H S O C I A L P R O T E C T I O N ’ R E P O R T O N T H E W O R L D S O C I A L S I T U A T I O N 2 0 1 7 N E W Y O R K , 1 - 2 D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 6 SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES CONTENT Work of UNDESA/DSPD... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755840534.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/rwss/2017/Martinho.pdf |
Status of social protection for persons with disabilities Challenges Options for addressing existing challenges SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES SCRPD WORK Global Status Report on Disability and Development - 2015 Prototype Section on social protection, produced in collaboration with ILO 2018 UN f... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755840534.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/rwss/2017/Martinho.pdf |
SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) Everyone has the right to social security (article 22) ILO Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention (1952) Social protection through periodic cash benefits when person can not engage in any g... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755840534.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/rwss/2017/Martinho.pdf |
Compared to persons without disabilities, persons with disabilities are less likely to be in full time employment Persons with disabilities face extra costs related to disability (support services, assistive devices, extra health care, costs linked to discriminations) Due to these costs, they are at risk of reduced ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755840534.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/rwss/2017/Martinho.pdf |
include disability But the type of social protection scheme however varies by country Contributory scheme only 81 countries 44% No cash disability benefits 4 countries 2% Non- contributory scheme is universal 27 countries 15% Non- contributory scheme is means-tested 60 countries 33% 183 countries | 100% Disability sche... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755840534.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/rwss/2017/Martinho.pdf |
FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES GLOBAL STATUS, BY REGION As of 2012-3 almost all countries include disability Contributory scheme only 81 countries 44% No cash disability benefits 4 countries 2% Non- contributory scheme is universal 27 countries 15% Non- contributory scheme is means-tested 60 countries 33% 183 countries ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755840534.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/rwss/2017/Martinho.pdf |
cash benefits 168 countries | 92% Only lump-sum disability benefits 11 countries 6% Part or full non-contributory scheme 87 countries 48% Source: ILO Northern and Eastern Europe SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES CHALLENGES Social protection for persons with disabilities should achieve a balance between: P... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696755840534.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/rwss/2017/Martinho.pdf |
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