text stringlengths 2 5.45k | thematic stringclasses 1
value | sub-thematic stringclasses 1
value | country stringclasses 11
values | document_url stringlengths 63 63 | source_url stringlengths 43 210 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(a) A suspicious activity report was filed in relation to the customer or entity.
(b) A suspicious activity report is being prepared and will be filed in relation to the customer or entity on the Suspicious Activity Report form issued by the ONDCP.
(4) Property or funds of a specified entity discovered in a previous rep... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500043029.pdf | https://ondcp.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/directive_no_4_of_2011.pdf |
(b) A suspicious activity report is being prepared and will be filed in relation to the customer or entity on the Suspicious Activity Report form issued by the ONDCP.
(5) No match was found with the identity of any specified entity in the custom- er database.
(6) No suspicious transaction was detected that appeared to ... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500043029.pdf | https://ondcp.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/directive_no_4_of_2011.pdf |
(8) No property or funds was known to be in the possession or control of the reporting institution which belonged to or was held on behalf of any speci- fied entity .
PART E – Particulars of Funds/Property Related to a Specified Entity 14. a.
Name of specified entity (terrorist or terrorist organization) to whom the fun... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500043029.pdf | https://ondcp.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/directive_no_4_of_2011.pdf |
by direct or indirect ownership or control) b.
The following funds and/or other property related to the specified entity have been identified (include detailis of accounts involved and transactions conduct- ed).
c.Total value of the funds or property: I declare the information given herein is true and correct to the be... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500043029.pdf | https://ondcp.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/directive_no_4_of_2011.pdf |
Date of report: ........................................ dd-mmmm-yyyyy Name of reporting officer: ...................................................................................
Position of reporting officer: .................................................................................................. Signature... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500043029.pdf | https://ondcp.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/directive_no_4_of_2011.pdf |
Preventing Violence against Women and Girls with Disabilities: Integrating A Human Rights Perspective Think Piece Document for the Development of the National Framework to Prevent Violence Against Women By Carolyn Frohm ader (W om en W ith Disabilities Australia) Associate Professor Leanne Dowse (University of New Sout... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
2.
Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction and Context ................................................................................... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Understanding violence against women and girls with disabilities .................................................................................... 5 3.1. Who are women and girls with disabilities?
.......................................................................................................................... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
A human rights approach to conceptualising violence against women ................................................................ 6 3.3.
3.4.
3.5. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Prevalence and incidence ............................................................................................................................................................. 7 The factors contributing to violence against women and girls with disabilities .................................................. 8 The... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
5.
Implications for policy and practice: the legislative, policy and service response vacuum ................................... 10 Implications for the development of the Framework ............................................................................................................. 12 5.1.
5.2.
5.3. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
A Comprehensive Human Rights Framework and Approach .................................................................................... 12 Prevention Measures and Strategies .................................................................................................................................... 12 Governanc... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Summary Current policies and discourses around addressing and preventing violence against women in Australia have locked us into a particular way of conceptualising violence against women, which falls short in encompassing the key experiences of many women and girls with disabilities. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
These experiences have been recognised internationally as a central concern, where attention to the nature and scope of gendered disability violence has been integral to the violence prevention agenda (Manjoo 2011, Council of Europe 2013). | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Current efforts in Australia have less successfully tackled this key intersectional issue, where the agenda is characterised by inadequate conceptualisation and recognition of, and response to, the needs and rights of women and girls with disabilities who have experienced or are at risk of experiencing violence (Dowse ... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
The strength of international approaches to gendered violence prevention is that, in adopting a comprehensive human rights perspective, intersectional experiences of gendered violence are a central concern in recognition that multiple identity positions (including disability, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, refuge... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
This is not the case in the Australian context, where legislation, policy and service responses tend to view women with disabilities as an ‘additional group’ whose needs are exceptional or additional to the central prevention agenda.
Compounding this in the Australian context is the [largely mistaken] belief that fram... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
The reality is however, that disability policy frameworks are currently inadequate in encompassing either gender or violence issues, let alone the intersection of the two. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
In practice, this means that efforts and approaches to prevent violence against women in Australia are not comprehensive, are piecemeal and inconsistent in definitions and scope, continue to focus predominately on protection from traditional forms of domestic/family violence and therefore fail to provide a coordinated ... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
This paper examines these issues in the context of the agenda to prevent violence against women and their children.
It examines conceptual understandings of violence against women, and argues that we need to broaden the current way of thinking about how we frame what violence against women encompasses.
It highlights ... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
In positioning violence against women as a form of discrimination, this paper recognises the multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination that combine to significantly heighten the risk and likelihood of women and girls with disabilities experiencing gendered disability violence. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
In so doing, it reflects an understanding that violence against women, as a form of discrimination, is not just a matter of ‘inter-‐gender inequality’ between women and men, but also a matter of ‘intra-‐gender inequality’ among women.
The paper articulates the imperative of a comprehensive human rights perspective a... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
This approach recognises and demonstrates that responses to violence against women cannot be considered in isolation from the context of individuals, households, settings, communities or States.
It recognises that discrimination affects women in different ways depending on how they are positioned within the social, ec... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
This paper argues that without a grounding in a comprehensive human rights frame, current approaches to violence prevention run the risk of reinscribing the marginalisation of gendered disability violence, resulting in the inadvertent perpetuation of the systemic violence and abuse experienced by women with disabilitie... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
3 Domestic violence in AustraliaSubmission 162 2.
Introduction and Context Violence against women is considered as one of the most widespread violations of human rights worldwide (UNGA 2012) and is now firmly at the forefront of the international development agenda as an urgent human rights issue requiring national go... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
In Australia, violence against women is being described in our communities as ‘a national human rights disaster’ (Phillips 2014), an ‘epidemic’ (DVNSW 2014) and a ‘national emergency’ (Jacques 2014). | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
As shocking as the current statistics are – showing that one in three women in Australia has experienced physical violence and almost one in five has experienced sexual violence -‐ the picture is substantially worse for some groups of women – particularly women and girls with disabilities, Indigenous women, and women ... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
It is now well established that violence against women and girls with disabilities in Australia is far more extensive than violence amongst the general population (Dowse et al 2013).
Violence perpetrated against women and girls with disabilities is significantly more diverse in nature and more severe than for women in... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Compared to their peers, women with disabilities experience significantly higher levels of all forms of violence more intensely and frequently and are subjected to such violence by a greater number of perpetrators (WWDA 2007).
Their experiences of violence last over a longer period of time, and more severe injuries re... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
However, there remains a significant lack of awareness and understanding of the extent, nature, incidence, and impact of gendered disability violence at the individual, community, service provider, and criminal justice system levels, along with the violence prevention public policy environment (Dowse et al 2013, WWDA e... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Violence perpetrated against women and girls with disabilities falls through a number of legislative, policy and service delivery ‘gaps’ as a result of the failure to understand the intersectional nature of the violence that they experience, the vast circumstances and spaces in which such violence occurs, and the multi... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Current policies and discourses in Australia are predominantly focused on addressing and preventing ‘domestic/family violence’.
Recent events, (such as the Victorian Government announcement of a Royal Commission into Family Violence; the Senate Inquiry into Domestic Violence; the profile and media coverage of family v... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Whilst this is welcomed and arguably long overdue, it presents both risks and challenges, in that the focus on narrow conceptual understandings of ‘domestic/family violence’ as spousal and/or intimate partner violence, risks seeing other forms of violence against women (such as those identified with gendered disability... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
The current work to develop a National Framework to Prevent Violence Against Women is a critical element in addressing violence against women.
It provides a valuable opportunity to remedy the past discriminations by developing and implementing a Framework from a human rights model and approach to ensure equality of ou... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
4 Domestic violence in AustraliaSubmission 162 3.
Understanding violence against women and girls with disabilities In order to prevent violence against women and girls with disabilities, and to accomplish any appreciable reduction of such violence, it is critical to understand and respect its complexity and specificit... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
One of the reasons that violence against women and girls with disabilities too often goes unidentified and unaddressed is the limited understanding of the nature of gendered disability violence, which is not encompassed in either historic or contemporary definitions and understandings of gendered violence. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
In addition, legislation, policy and service responses in Australia that aim to address and prevent violence against women (including women with disabilities) have shown limited capacity to fully operationalise a comprehensive human rights frame. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
The interrelationship between these two issues has wide ranging consequences for the legislative, policy and service landscape, which continues to be fragmented, partial and circumscribed in its capacity to fully address all forms of violence perpetrated against women and girls, including those with disabilities. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Most significantly this results in ongoing high levels of vulnerability to harm for many women, constituting a failure to protect their human rights to live free from violence, abuse, exploitation and neglect.
This section of the paper provides a brief overview of violence against women and girls with disabilities, in... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
3.1. Who are women and girls with disabilities?
Women and girls with disabilities make up approximately 20% of the population of Australian women, equating to about two million people.
Women and girls with disabilities come from a diverse range of backgrounds, lifestyles and beliefs including from Aboriginal and Torr... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Some are in heterosexual relationships; some in lesbian relationships; some identify as bisexual, transgender, queer or intersex, and some are single.
Many are mothers, some are in paid work, and many have no paid work.
They experience a range of impairments that impact on their lives in different ways.
These may in... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
The ways in which disability is understood has implications for responses to women and girls with disabilities at risk of, or experiencing, violence.
In recent decades focus has moved beyond simply considering an individual’s body, intellect or behaviour to examine the experience of disability in the context of a more... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
In understanding violence against women and girls with disabilities, it is therefore critical to consider the specific intersections that some women and girls with disabilities face due to the place and space they occupy in society.
Poverty, race, ethnicity, religion, language and other identity status or life experie... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
3.2.
What is violence against women and girls with disabilities?
Across Australia, there is no uniform definition or consensus as to what constitutes violence against women. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
It is generally conceptualised in the context of ‘domestic’, ‘spousal’, ‘intimate partner’ or ‘family’ violence, which frequently excludes the violence that women with disabilities experience in the many settings they live, occupy and experience (Commonwealth of Australia 2010).1 The legal definition of ‘domestic viole... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Some definitions are more inclusive than others.
However, despite the many and varied definitions within the various laws and policy frameworks of what constitutes ‘domestic violence’, ‘family violence’, and ‘domestic relationships’, most do not contain definitions which do justice to, nor encompass, the range of sett... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Nor do they contain definitions which capture the range of relationships and various dimensions and experiences of violence as experienced by women and girls with disabilities, which may include the relationships they have with support workers, co-‐ residents with disabilities and so on (Frohmader 2011, Frohmader & Sw... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
1 The National Plan to Reduce Violence Against Women and their Children 2010-2022 [The National Plan], Australia’s primary response to addressing violence against women in Australia, conceptualises ‘domestic violence’ as acts of violence that occur between people who have, or have had, an intimate relationship, with th... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
The National Plan refers to ‘family violence’ as violence between family members, as well as violence between intimate partners.
It involves the same sorts of behaviours as domestic violence, and as with domestic violence, only some aspects of family violence are criminal offences. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
5 Domestic violence in AustraliaSubmission 162 Although women and girls with disabilities experience many of the same forms of violence that all women and girls experience, including domestic/family violence and sexual assault, when gender and disability intersect, violence has unique causes, takes on unique forms and ... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Women and girls with disabilities also experience forms of violence that are particular to their situation of social disadvantage, cultural devaluation and increased dependency on others (Swift 2013). | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Violence against women and girls with disabilities includes physical, sexual, psychological, and economic violence and abuse as well as institutional violence, chemical restraint, forced or coerced sterilisation, forced contraception, forced or coerced psychiatric interventions, medical exploitation, withholding of or ... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
In addition to physical, sexual, psychological, and economic violence and abuse, women and girls with disabilities also face unnecessary institutionalisation, denial of control over their bodies, lack of financial control, denial of social contact, employment and community participation, and denial of the right to deci... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Importantly, a human rights approach to preventing violence against women and girls with disabilities does not ‘exclude’ particular forms of violence experienced by them, although it does recognise those forms of violence that affect them disproportionately (such as forced sterilisation and forced abortion).
Understan... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
For example, as well as those women and girls with disabilities in Australia who live in traditional domestic settings including private and family dwellings, large numbers of women with disabilities still reside in and receive support in a range of ‘institutional’ and/or ‘service’ settings, such as group homes, suppor... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Women and girls with disabilities who experience these types of settings are at particular and significant risk of violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation.
Yet violence perpetrated against them in these settings remains outside the current legislative and policy frameworks and responses to preventing and addressing ... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Instead, such violence is typically detoxified through service setting responses that identify the violence as a workplace issue to be addressed (French et al 2010), rather than a human rights violation and potential criminal act. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
For women and girls with disabilities, this means, in effect, that their experiences of violence are not properly recognised across the legal and service systems, they are given less protection than their counterparts who do not have disabilities, and the likelihood of them benefiting from integrated and coordinated re... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
3.2.1.
A human rights approach to conceptualising violence against women Discrimination against women provides a breeding ground for tolerance of violence against them.
A human rights approach to conceptualising violence against women recognises that violence is a form of discrimination.
‘Discrimination’ in this con... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Critically, this reflects an understanding that discrimination and violence against women is not just a matter of ‘inter-‐gender inequality’ between women and men, but also a matter of ‘intra-‐gender inequality’ among women (Manjoo 2011). | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
To date, conceptual understandings of the causes of violence against women have “failed to provide a comprehensive understanding of how various forms of discrimination, beyond a male/female gender binary, contextualize, exacerbate, and correlate to high levels of violence in given societies.
The lack of an intersectio... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
A human rights approach to conceptualising violence against women underscores the interdependence and indivisibility of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights.
It situates violence against women on a continuum that spans interpersonal and structural violence; acknowledges the structural aspects and fac... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
In so doing, it explicitly interrogates the places where violence against women coincides with multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and their attendant inequalities (Manjoo 2011).
A human rights approach therefore, specifically acknowledges that women and girls with disabilities experience multiple and in... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
These multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination cannot be ‘disconnected’ from each other when endeavouring to prevent and address violence against women and girls with disabilities.
6 Domestic violence in AustraliaSubmission 162 Embedding a human rights perspective into conceptualising violence against women a... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
This requires broadening the current way of thinking about how we frame what violence against women encompasses.
It also requires understanding that gender-‐based violence is not only violence directed against a woman because she is a woman, but is also violence that affects women, including ‘sub-‐groups’ of women, ... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Embedding a human rights perspective into conceptualising violence against women and girls with disabilities means recognising that women and girls with disabilities experience, and are at greater risk of experiencing violence, injury, abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
It means recognising that, irrespective of a disabled woman’s place of residence, or setting in which they live, occupy or experience, they experience and are at greater risk of violence directed against them because they are women, and also experience and are at greater risk of forms of violence that affect them dispr... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Violence against women and girls with disabilities is: • • • • • • a gross violation of human rights; a form of disability discrimination, and a form of gender-‐based discrimination; gendered disability violence, which is violence directed against a woman because she is a woman and is shaped by the disability context. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
This violence affects women with disabilities which disproportionately as individuals and as a group; all acts of gender-‐based violence that result in, or are likely to result in, physical, sexual, psychological or economic harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation ... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
3.3.
Prevalence and incidence There is currently no comprehensive strategy or mechanism in place at the national level that captures the prevalence, extent, nature, causes and impact of violence against women and girls with disabilities in the range of settings in which they reside or receive support services.
These ... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
The Personal Safety Survey (PSS), the key national data collection instrument aimed at capturing prevalence and type of violence, excludes women who reside in settings other than private dwellings and those who have communication impairments which would require the presence of a third party to participate in the survey... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Despite this lack of statistically verified evidence, it is now well established that violence against women and girls with disabilities in Australia is far more widespread than violence amongst the general population.
It is significantly more diverse in nature and more severe than for women in general.
(Dowse et al ... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Compared to their peers, women with disability experience substantially higher levels of all forms of violence and are subjected to such violence by a greater number of perpetrators (WWDA 2007).
Women with disability are 40% more likely to be the victims of domestic violence than women without disability (Brownridge 2... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Women with disabilities in residential, institutional and service settings frequently experience sustained and multiple episodes of violence (particularly sexual violence) (Attard & Price-‐Kelly 2010).
Twenty per cent of women with disability report a history of unwanted sex compared to 8.2% of women without disabili... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
More than a quarter of rape cases reported by females in Australia are perpetrated against women with disabilities (Heenan & Murray 2006).
Ninety per cent of Australian women with an intellectual disability have been subjected to sexual abuse, with more than two-‐ 7 Domestic violence in AustraliaSubmission 162 thirds... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
A national survey undertaken in 2013, 2 found that violence is present in the lives of approximately twenty-‐two per cent of women and girls with disabilities who had accessed service support3 in the preceding 12 months. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Given that many women and girls with disabilities do not and/or cannot and/or are prevented from using and/or accessing services, the prevalence of violence against women and girls with disabilities is acknowledged to be substantially higher than the already alarming 22 per cent suggested by the national survey finding... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
It is widely recognised that any available data relating to incidence and prevalence of violence against women with disabilities, does not give the true picture of the level of risk and prevalence of violence and abuse, due to many factors, including the barriers experienced by women with disabilities to reporting viol... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Importantly, the vast array of ‘settings’ and ‘places’ in which women with disabilities live, occupy, and/or experience, also impedes the possibility of capturing the true prevalence and incidence of violence perpetrated against them.
3.4.
The factors contributing to violence against women and girls with disabilities... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
It is important to note that structural inequality is intersectional, meaning that the various elements of the discrimination or inequality they may face – as women, as people with disability, as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people – intersect and interact to produce very different experiences of violence for d... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Research (VicHealth 2007, Action Aid UK 2014, UN Women 2014) shows that the most significant determinants of violence against women are: • • the unequal distribution of power and resources between men and women, and institutional, cultural and individual support for (or weak sanctions against) gender inequality; and, a... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
These factors are frequently exacerbated and altered for women and girls with disabilities due to the structural inequality and multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination they face.
Women and girls with disabilities have fewer opportunities, lower status and less power and influence than men and boys with disab... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Gender-‐based assumptions and expectations place women with disability at a disadvantage with respect to substantive enjoyment of rights, such as freedom to act and to be recognised as autonomous, fully capable adults, to participate fully in economic, social and political development, and to make decisions concerning... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
A critical aspect of promoting gender equality is the empowerment of women, with a focus on identifying and redressing power imbalances and giving women more autonomy to manage their own lives. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
However as noted by the 2013 national ‘Stop the Violence Project’ (STVP), women and girls with disabilities are at high risk of gendered disability violence based on social stereotypes and biases that attempt to dehumanise or infantilise them, exclude or isolate them, target them for sexual and other forms of violence,... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
A combination of factors at the societal and individual level – such as exclusion from participation in community life due to prejudices, stigma and discrimination, lack of access to quality education, employment and livelihood, as well as access to healthcare and other support services and resources -‐ result in marg... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Research has found that there remains a significant lack of awareness and understanding of the extent, nature, incidence, and impact of gendered disability violence at the individual, community, service provider, and criminal justice system levels (Dowse et al 2013, WWDA et al 2013).
Women and girls with disabilities ... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Those who live, occupy, and/or experience institutional, residential and service settings are often taught and ‘rewarded’ for, 2 The ‘Stop the Violence Project’ (STVP) emerged from WWDA’s long standing commitment to addressing one of the most pressing issues for its membership: violence against women and girls with dis... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Managed and implemented by WWDA, in conjunction with the University of New South Wales (UNSW) and People with Disabilities Australia (PWDA), the project was national in scope and its intent was to lay the groundwork for improved service provision by building the evidence-base for future reforms so that the service syst... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
3 Services included those in the disability, family violence and sexual assault sectors, housing/ homelessness sector, the youth services sector, child welfare, employment and training, health, aged care and the justice sector.
8 Domestic violence in AustraliaSubmission 162 unquestioning compliance.
In such settings,... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Many women and girls with disabilities do not recognise the violence perpetrated against them as a crime, are unaware of how to seek help and support; or are actively prevented from seeking help and support.
There is a dearth of accessible information and education resources about violence against women and girls with... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
The empowerment of women is vital in any framework to tackle violence against women and girls, and this is even more potent for women with disabilities, who have made it clear that empowerment for them comes from speaking and/or acting in their own interests; the presence of a collectivity and a basis in self-‐determi... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
‘Empowerment’ in the context of women and girls with disabilities, means empowerment in all aspects of life, including political and economic empowerment.
This reflects the greater aim of achieving gender equality by increasing women’s agency and reducing their vulnerability to violence (Council of Europe 2013).
Orga... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Women with disabilities have identified a raft of factors4 that contribute to the pervasive and extensive violence perpetrated against them. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
It is outside the scope of this paper to examine all these factors in detail, however, some of the key factors include: • Poverty and lack of economic independence • Place of residence/Service Setting • Exclusion from the labour market • Dependence on others • Credibility and fear of disclosure • • • • • Lack of access... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
The impact Like most women who experience violence, the impact and effects for women and girls with disability are profound, long-‐term and wide-‐ranging – with the impact over time of different types of violence and of multiple episodes found to be cumulative (WWDA 2007). | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Of significance is the fact that the consequences of violence against women and girls with disability are pervasive, due to the length of time that they endure such violence, the severity of the violence, the fact there are often multiple perpetrators of the violence, and that many women and girls with disabilities are... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Even when they do disclose, women and girls with disabilities have far less chance of being believed when reporting sexual assault, domestic violence, and other forms of violence, than other women and girls (Frohmader 2011). | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Research has also found that discriminatory attitudes and negative police culture, including the tendency to blame the victim; refusal to investigate allegations of violence; treating crimes of violence as a ‘service incidents’; failing to make reasonable adjustments; assuming that a prosecution will not succeed becaus... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Crimes of violence committed against women and girls with disability therefore often go unreported, and when they are, they are either dismissed, ignored, covered up by service staff and/or management, inadequately investigated, remain unsolved or result in minimal sentences (Frohmader 2014, Frohmader & Cadwallader 201... | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Honor killing | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694500045068.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=8757f374-f776-41fb-a360-b88a75e96a16&subId=303229 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.