text stringlengths 9 4.56k | document_url stringlengths 63 63 | source_url stringlengths 36 307 |
|---|---|---|
Last updated: 2023-07-10 SDG indicator metadata (Harmonized metadata template - format version 1.1) 0.
Indicator information (SDG_INDICATOR_INFO) 0.a.
Goal (SDG_GOAL) Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls 0.b.
Target (SDG_TARGET) Target 5.5: Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life 0.c. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Indicator (SDG_INDICATOR) Indicator 5.5.1: Proportion of seats held by women in (a) national parliaments and (b) local governments 0.d.
Series (SDG_SERIES_DESCR) Proportion of elected seats held by women in deliberative bodies of local government (%) SG_GEN_LOCGELS 0.e.
Metadata update (META_LAST_UPDATE) 2023-07-10 0.f.
Related indicators (SDG_RELATED_INDICATORS) Indicator 5.5.1(a): proportion of seats held by women in single or lower chambers of national parliaments. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Indicator 16.7.1: Proportions of positions (by age group, sex, persons with disabilities and population groups) in public institutions (national and local), including (a) the legislatures; (b) the public service; and (c) the judiciary, compared to national distributions 0.g.
International organisations(s) responsible for global monitoring (SDG_CUSTODIAN_AGENCIES) United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women) 1.
Data reporter (CONTACT) 1.a. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Data reporter (CONTACT) 1.a.
Organisation (CONTACT_ORGANISATION) UN-Women 2.
Definition, concepts, and classifications (IND_DEF_CON_CLASS) 2.a.
Definition and concepts (STAT_CONC_DEF) Definition: Indicator 5.5.1(b) measures the proportion of positions held by women in local government.
It is expressed as a percentage of elected positions held by women in legislative/ deliberative bodies of local government. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Concepts: Last updated: 2023-07-10 Local government is a result of decentralization, a process of transferring political, fiscal, and administrative powers from the central government to sub-national units of government to regulate and/or run certain government functions or public services, on their own, in the administrative-territorial areas of a country. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
The definition of local government follows the 2008 System of National Accounts (SNA) distinction between central, state, and local government (para 4.129).
Local government consists of local government units, defined in the SNA as “institutional units whose fiscal, legislative and executive authority extends over the smallest geographical areas distinguished for administrative and political purposes” (para 4.145). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
What constitutes the local government of a given country is defined by that country’s national legal framework, including national constitutions and local government acts or equivalent legislation.
Each local government unit typically includes a legislative/ deliberative body and an executive body.
Legislative/ deliberative bodies, such as councils or assemblies, are formal entities with a prescribed number of members as per national or state legislation. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
They are usually elected by universal suffrage and have decision-making power, including the ability to issue by-laws, on a range of local aspects of public affairs.
Executive bodies, consisting of an executive committee or a mayor, may be elected or appointed.
They prepare and execute decisions made by the legislative/ deliberative body.
Elected positions are the most common manner of selection of local government members. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
They are selected in local elections, based on a system of choosing political office holders in which the voters cast ballots for the person, persons, or political party that they desire to see elected.
The category of elected positions includes both elected persons who competed on openly contested seats and persons selected during the electoral processes on reserved seats or through a candidate quota. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
By comparison, members selected for appointed positions (the least common manner of selection of local government members) are nominated, typically by government officials from higher-ranking tiers of government. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Appointed members of local government are more frequent among the leadership positions, such as the heads of the executive body, representatives of specific groups (e.g., women, disadvantaged groups, youth); and temporary committees/delegations/caretakers appointed by government officials when a council has been dissolved.
2.b.
Unit of measure (UNIT_MEASURE) Percent (%) 2.c. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Unit of measure (UNIT_MEASURE) Percent (%) 2.c.
Classifications (CLASS_SYSTEM) Relevant concepts, definitions and classifications are based the 2008 System of National Accounts (SNA) and the 2020 Handbook on Governance Statistics (Praia City Group on Governance Statistics).
3.
Data source type and data collection method (SRC_TYPE_COLL_METHOD) 3.a. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Data sources (SOURCE_TYPE) Last updated: 2023-07-10 Administrative data based on electoral records are the main source of data on elected members of local government, and the recommended data source for Indicator 5.5.1(b).
Electoral records are produced and upheld by Electoral Management Bodies (EMBs) or equivalent bodies tasked with organizing elections at the local level. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
EMBs are part of the National Statistical Systems and are often specifically mentioned in the national statistics acts as producers of official statistics.
The use of electoral records to measure women’s representation in local government and monitoring of Indicator 5.5.1(b) is cost-effective, straightforward, and timely.
No adjustments or estimates are necessary to transform the administrative information into statistics for monitoring the indicator. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
The conceptual framework at the basis of Indicator 5.5.1(b) is consistent with the conceptual framework at the basis of local elections, as both are provided by the national legal framework.
The data used to calculate Indicator 5.5.1(b) refers to information on election winners, disaggregated by sex, and the coverage of the reference population (in this case, the elected officials) should be complete. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
In countries where electoral records are electronic and centralized, information on the numbers of women and men in elected positions can be made available as soon as the official results of elections are released.
Two other types of sources of data may be used in the few instances where electoral records are not electronic or not centralized.
One additional type of source is also administrative and refers to public administration data available to line ministries overseeing local government. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
However, its use for statistics may be less straightforward compared to centralized electoral records.
The scope of public administration records is beyond the elected positions, and information on women and men in elected positions of local government may be mixed with information on public administration employees, which are not covered by this indicator.
Therefore, additional data processing and resources may be required to carefully extract the information needed. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
In some cases, the forms used as the basis for administrative records may need to be modified to ensure recording of the positions as being elected, in legislative/deliberative bodies, as well as the sex of persons in those positions.
In other cases, some elected positions may not be covered in the records maintained, for example, if the administrative records are restricted to only those positions that are on the government payroll. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Another type of data source that may provide information on women and men in local government in the absence of centralized electronic election records, refers to existing surveys or censuses using local government units as units of observation.
These surveys or censuses may be undertaken by National Statistical Offices and/or line ministries and may take the form of (a) local government censuses or surveys; (b) establishment surveys; and (c) municipality surveys. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
These surveys/censuses may already include, in the data collection tool dedicated to their main purpose, a few questions on the number of members of local legislative/deliberative and executive bodies by sex and other individual characteristics such as age and education; or may require the integration of such questions.
Like other censuses and surveys, a low response rate can result in bias in the statistics obtained. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Sampling errors may also add to the bias, in ways that cannot be assessed in the absence of a good understanding of the distribution of women’s and men’s representation across different local government units across the territory of a country.
3.b. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
3.b.
Data collection method (COLL_METHOD) The compilation of data, coordinated by UN Women and undertaken with the support of UN Regional Commissions, uses two mechanisms: Last updated: 2023-07-10 - Data request forms sent to Electoral Management Bodies (EMBs) and National Statistical Offices (NSOs) directly or through UN Regional Commissions; - On-line dissemination of data by NSS entities who are the primary source of data or in charge with coordination of SDGs, including EMBs and/or NSOs. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
This process is done in a transparent manner, based on communication with NSS focal points, so that the NSS has a chance to validate or dismiss a country’s compiled data.
3.c.
Data collection calendar (FREQ_COLL) After establishing the global baseline, the data will be compiled every year, in January of each year, and/or after local elections have taken place.
Countries with new local elections are targeted to avoid overburdening national stakeholders reporting data.
3.d. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
3.d.
Data release calendar (REL_CAL_POLICY) Second quarter of the year.
3.e.
Data providers (DATA_SOURCE) Data are provided by Electoral Management Bodies and/or in coordination with National Statistical Offices.
3.f.
Data compilers (COMPILING_ORG) UN Women with the support of UN Regional Commissions.
3.g. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
3.g.
Institutional mandate (INST_MANDATE) UN Women is committed through its work at the global, regional, and country level to support Member States in filling critical gaps in generating data and using data-based analysis to advance gender equality and women’s empowerment. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
As part of its mandate, the organization supports Member States in setting and implementing normative standards, coordinates the UN system’s work on gender equality, conducts data-based research, and develops practice-based tools to inform the design of policies and programmes.
4.
Other methodological considerations (OTHER_METHOD) 4.a. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Rationale (RATIONALE) Women’s and men’s right to exercise their political rights on an equal basis, and at all levels of decision- making, is recognized in the SDGs and enshrined in many human and political rights declarations, conventions and resolutions agreed to by most countries in the world.
Indicator 5.5.1(b) measures the degree to which gender balance has been achieved, and women have equal access to, political decision- making in local government. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Indicator 5.5.1(b) complements Indicator 5.5.1(a) on women in national parliaments, and accounts for the representation of women among the millions of members of local governments that influence (or have the potential to influence) the lives of local communities around the world.
All tiers of local government are covered by the indicator, consistent with national legal frameworks defining local government.
4.b. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
4.b.
Comment and limitations (REC_USE_LIM) Last updated: 2023-07-10 to the refers Indicator 5.5.1(b) representation of women among elected positions of legislative/deliberative bodies of local government.
This is a strength, because it ensures comparability across countries, at a low cost, and mirrors the SDG indicator measuring women’s representation at the national level, in parliament.
This is also a limitation in that the indicator does not consider other positions in local government. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Local government officials holding executive positions who are not simultaneously holding a position within the legislative/deliberative body, or who are appointed and not elected, are not considered in this indicator.
It is recommended that women’s representation in executive positions, particularly at the level of the head of the executive (such as the mayor), is monitored separately at national and global levels, but not as a headline SDG indicator. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Importantly, the indicator refers to representation among members of local government and not the quality of their participation.
Countries may therefore consider assessing political participation through national or subnational studies involving qualitative and/or quantitative methods of research. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Additional indicators of political participation may also be monitored at the national level, such as women’s share among voters and candidates in local elections, to monitor the closing of other gaps in women’s political participation. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Finally, aspects of local governance beyond the formal institutions of local government, such as public administration staff, are not included in indicator 5.5.1(b) and may be covered by other indicators in the SDG framework, particularly within Goal 16 on inclusive societies.
4.c.
Method of computation (DATA_COMP) The method of computation is as follows: 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 5.5.1(𝑏) = (𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑠 ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑤𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛) × 100 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑠 ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑤𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑒𝑛 Unit: Percent (%) 4.d. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Validation (DATA_VALIDATION) Data obtained from national stakeholders are checked for consistency against the information on local government organization, electoral and quota systems maintained by UN Women for each country and additional government (Women in Local Government website) and research-based publicly available information provided by UN Women country offices and UN country teams as needed. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
In addition, in partnership with UN Regional Commissions, new data are checked against data previously reported by country.
Potential discrepancies are solved in collaboration with the National Statistical Offices before data are disseminated or used for analysis.
4.e.
Adjustments (ADJUSTMENT) Last updated: 2023-07-10 There are no adjustments to the country data.
4.f. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
4.f.
Treatment of missing values (i) at country level and (ii) at regional level (IMPUTATION) At country level • Not Imputed At regional and global levels • Not Imputed 4.g.
Regional aggregations (REG_AGG) Regional averages are computed as weighted averages by number of elected local councillors in each country with available data. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
The following data are not included in the calculations: outdated data (data older than 7 years in countries with new elections) and data on positions that are not covered by the indicator (appointed positions for example).
The number of countries with data used to calculate the averages is indicated in data footnotes.
The reference date for global and regional averages is 1 January.
4.h. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
4.h.
Methods and guidance available to countries for the compilation of the data at the national level (DOC_METHOD) - Webinars and workshops with national data providers are organized periodically by UN Women in collaboration with UN Regional Commissions.
- International guidance on data sources relevant for the indicator is provided in handbooks and manuals under the coordination of the Praia City Group on Governance Statistics, including in the 2020 Handbook on Governance Statistics. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
- Information on local government organization, electoral systems and legislated electoral quotas, for each country, is available at Women in Local Government Website.
4.i.
Quality management (QUALITY_MGMNT) UN Women and UN Regional Commissions have teams dedicated to data compilation and validation.
See also section 4.d for details on data validation and quality checks.
4.j Quality assurance (QUALITY_ASSURE) See sections 4.d and 4.i. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
In addition, UN Women is committed to quality assurance of data-based and other knowledge products through internal coordination and peer-review processes.
4.k Quality assessment (QUALITY_ASSMNT) See sections 4.d to 4.j.
5.
Data availability and disaggregation (COVERAGE) Data availability: Last updated: 2023-07-10 Data on women’s and men’s representation in elected positions of legislative/ deliberative bodies of local government are currently estimated as available for 89 countries in the world. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
This estimate is based on a count of countries covered by regional databases in Europe, Latin America, and the Caribbean, and ad- hoc studies in Asia and the Pacific.
However, the indicator used varies from one region to another.
The count of countries is expected to change after the methodology of the indicator is used consistently across countries and regions.
Time series: Each year in the time series shows data for countries with new elections or new data sources in previous year. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
By default, reference date is 1 January and exceptions are indicated in the footnotes.
Disaggregation: Data on elected positions in legislative/deliberative bodies of local government must be disaggregated by sex to enable the calculation of the indicator.
No additional disaggregation is required for SDG reporting.
6.
Comparability / deviation from international standards (COMPARABILITY) Sources of discrepancies: There are no discrepancies. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Data are reported by entities of National Statistical Systems, including Electoral Management Bodies and National Statistical Offices.
7.
References and Documentation (OTHER_DOC) ECLAC, 2016a.
CEPALSTAT: Databases and statistical publications.
https://oig.cepal.org/en/autonomies/autonomy-decision-making (accessed January-April 2016) European Commission, 2016a.
Database on women and men in decision-making (WMID). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
http://ec.europa.eu/justice/gender-equality/gender-decision-making/database/index_en.htm (accessed January-April 2016) European Commission, International Monetary Fund, Organization for Economic Co-operation, and Development, United Nations, and the World Bank, 2009.
The 2008 System of National Accounts.
Praia City Group on Governance Statistics, 2020.
Handbook on Governance Statistics. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Handbook on Governance Statistics.
https://localgov.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/2021- 04/Handbook_governance_statistics.pdf UNECE, 2016a.
Public life and decision-making database.
http://w3.unece.org/PXWeb2015/pxweb/en/STAT/STAT__30-GE__05-PublicAnddecision (accessed January- April 2016).
UNDP, 2014.
Gender Equality: Women’s participation and leadership in governments at the local level.
Asia and the Pacific 2013.
Bangkok, UNDP.
United Nations, 2011. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Bangkok, UNDP.
United Nations, 2011.
Using Administrative and Secondary Sources for Official Statistics: A Handbook of Principles and Practices.
UNECE.
Last updated: 2023-07-10 UN Women, 2021.
Women in Local Government Website.
https://localgov.unwomen.org/ (accessed May 2023).
UN Women and UNDP, 2015.
Inclusive Electoral Processes: A guide for Electoral Management Bodies on Promoting Gender Equality and Women’s Participation. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769204924.pdf | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-05-05-01b.pdf |
Government policies to raise or lower the fertility level December 2017 No.
2017/10 1.
Fertility levels vary greatly across the world Figure 1.
Fertility levels of countries, by region and policy orientation toward fertility (one dot = one country) ) n a m o w Lower Maintain Raise No policy r e p n e r d l i h c ( y t i l i t r e f 5.0 2.1 l a t o T Africa Asia Europe Latin America* Northern America Oceania 3. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769207065.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/popfacts/PopFacts_2017-10.pdf |
Countries with fertility below the replacement level tend to have policies to increase fertility 2.
Countries with higher levels of fertility are more likely to have policies to reduce fertility Table 1.
Policies to influence the level of fertility, by region (percentage of governments) World Africa Asia Europe Latin America* Northern America Oceania Raise Maintain 15 7 21 9 27 0 19 28 4 38 66 9 0 19 Lower 42 83 38 0 33 0 56 No intervention 15 6 4 25 30 100 6 Number of countries 197 54 48 44 33 2 16 4. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769207065.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/popfacts/PopFacts_2017-10.pdf |
Most governments provide direct support for family planning December 2017 POPFACTS, No.
2017/10 1 6.
Many governments have instituted policies to influence the balance between work and family obligations Figure 2.
Type of government support for family planning, 2015 5.
Gaps persist in access to family planning Figure 3. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769207065.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/popfacts/PopFacts_2017-10.pdf |
Policy measures concerning childbearing and child-rearing to improve work-family balance, 2015 (percentage of governments) 99 98 96 96 100 73 69 67 61 67 63 54 41 31 28 57 52 48 32 18 16 World More developed regions Less developed regions Maternity leave with job security (paid or unpaid) Child or family allowances Publicly subsidized childcare Paternity leave with job security (paid or unpaid) Baby bonus Flexible or part-time work hours Tax credit for dependent children __________________ SOURCES December 2017 POPFACTS, No. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769207065.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/popfacts/PopFacts_2017-10.pdf |
2017/10 2 | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769207065.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/popfacts/PopFacts_2017-10.pdf |
Eric Hahn Chief Web Group Knowledge Solutions and Design Department of Global Communications | +1 555 555 5555 | +1 444 444 4444 OFFICE MOBILE TWITTER | @un EMAIL | mail@un.org UN Headquarters Office No.
S-1234 New York, NY 10000 USA www.un.org Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769208529.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/articlefile/example_006_-_2020-04-13t152541.878.pdf |
INTEGRITY MATTERS: NET ZERO COMMITMENTS BY BUSINESSES, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, CITIES AND REGIONS REPORT FROM THE UNITED NATIONS’ HIGH-LEVEL EXPERT GROUP ON THE NET ZERO EMISSIONS COMMITMENTS OF NON-STATE ENTITIES The High‑Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non‑State Entities (“Expert Group”) was tasked by the United Nations Secretary General with addressing net zero pledges and commitments from non‑state actors including corporations, financial institutions, and local and regional governments. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
In undertaking its work, the Expert Group built on existing credibility and standard setting frameworks for net zero pledges to formulate its findings and recommendations.
The Expert Group recognises that capacities and needs differ widely within and between non‑state actors. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
While the focus of the recommendations has been on criteria and standards that apply to large corporations, financial institutions, and cities and regions, the Expert Group recognises that smaller non‑state actors also play an important role and will need support and capacity building assistance.
Expert Group members were chosen by the Secretary General based on their personal expertise and experience relevant to the task while ensuring gender, geographic and thematic balance. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Members were asked to provide their best advice serving in their individual capacity, not as part of the institutions or organisations they represent.
In seven months, members of the group held over 40 regional and thematic consultations, with the participation of more than 500 organisations across the world.
The group convened a wide range of stakeholders, including through a Business and Finance Roundtable and two Global Public Sessions, co‑convened with the UN Foundation. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
The Expert Group also received close to 300 written submissions from interested organisations, initiatives and individuals.
For more details about the mandate, process and consultations, see the Annexes.
This report constitutes a collective view of Expert Group members. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
While members endorse the general thrust of the arguments made in this report, this should not be taken as unanimity on every finding or recommendation Cover credit: Adobe Integrity Matters: Net Zero Commitments by Businesses, Financial Institutions, Cities and Regions United Nations’ High‑Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non‑State Entities Promoting the bicycle as a means of travel in Bogota, Columbia Credit: Ashden Table of Contents 6 Chair’s Note 26 Recommendation 7 It’s Time to Draw a Red Line Around Greenwashing People and Nature in the Just Transition 11 Introduction 28 Recommendation 8 A Confluence of Crises 15 Recommendation 1 Announcing a Net Zero Pledge 17 Recommendation 2 Setting Net Zero Targets 19 Recommendation 3 Using Voluntary Credits 21 Recommendation 4 Creating a Transition Plan 23 Recommendation 5 Phasing Out of Fossil Fuels and Scaling Up Renewable Energy 25 Recommendation 6 Increasing Transparency and Accountability 31 Recommendation 9 Investing in Just Transitions 33 Recommendation 10 Accelerating the Road to Regulation 36 Conclusion and Pathways to Action 38 Annex I Terms of Reference for the High-Level Expert Group on the Net-Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities 39 Annex II High-Level Expert Group process Aligning Lobbying and Advocacy 40 Annex III Timeline of Meetings and Consultations High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities 5 CHAIR’S NOTE It’s Time to Draw a Red Line Around Greenwashing The Honourable Catherine McKenna Chair, High-level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities We are at a critical moment for humanity. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
The window to limit dangerous global warming and ensure a sustainable future is quickly closing.
This is the stark but unequivocal finding of recent climate change reports.
And we can all see it.
In 2022 alone, China experienced severe drought while half of Pakistan flooded.
Deadly heatwaves killed tens of thousands in India and massive wildfires spread across Spain and California.
East Africa’s worst drought in decades threatens millions with starvation. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
In my country, Canada, one year earlier a heat dome over Lytton, British Columbia reduced the town to ash.
Climate change and extreme weather are undermining health, food and water security, nature, safety, and socio-economic development.
A recent UN report shows that while the curve of global emissions is bending, it is not happening quickly enough to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C.
Instead of being on track to reduce emissions by 45% by 2030, emissions are set to increase by close to 11%. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
We are making progress but we are still too far from where we need to be.
Nor can we use the current confluence of global crises to stall action and entrench a status quo that fundamentally undermines security.
Russia’s illegal war in Ukraine reminds us that energy, climate, food and national security are inextricably linked and that moments of acute crisis “We urgently need every business, investor, city, state and region to walk the talk on their net zero promises. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
We cannot afford slow movers, fake movers or any form of greenwashing.” António Guterres, UN Secretary General 6 High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities must be seized.
The International Energy Agency now believes we are at an inflection point that will accelerate the shift from fossil fuels towards a cleaner and more secure future.
We need to make sure that happens. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
We need to make sure that happens.
Our report also specifically addresses the core concerns raised by citizens, consumers, environmentalists and investors around the use of net zero pledges that make greenwashing possible.
Our recommendations are clear that: We know what we need to do: peak global emissions in just three years, by 2025, and cut emissions in half in less than eight years, by 2030.
Money needs to move from funding fossil fuel infrastructure and instead be invested at scale in clean energy. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
The decisions made by governments and non-state actors today, tomorrow, and each and every day after will determine whether we meet this goal, and whether we meet it in a way that enhances equity, justice, empowers women, and respects Indigenous rights.
Though countries need to take the lead, solving the climate crisis is not up to them alone.
Non-state actors— industry, financial institutions, cities and regions —play a critical role in getting the world to net zero no later than 2050. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
They will either help scale the ambition and action we need to ensure a sustainable planet or else they strongly increase the likelihood of failure.
The planet cannot afford delays, excuses, or more greenwashing.
This report is the result of intense work and consultations over seven months and reflects the best advice of 17 experts appointed by the UN Secretary-General. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
We set out ten practical recommendations to bring integrity, transparency and accountability to net zero by establishing clear standards and criteria.
Our recommendations build on credible existing initiatives like Race to Zero and the Science Based Targets initiative.
We have set tight definitions for what it means to be net zero and net zero‑aligned. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
We make it clear that non-state actors require not only long-term pledges but also short-term science-based targets as well as detailed transition plans showing immediate emissions reductions and capital expenditures aligned with these targets and their net zero pathway. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
To prevent dishonest climate accounting and other actions designed to circumvent the need for deep decarbonization, we emphasize that non-state actors must report publicly on their progress with verified information that can be compared with peers.
• • • • • Non‑state actors cannot claim to be net zero while continuing to build or invest in new fossil fuel supply.
Coal, oil and gas account for over 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
net zero is entirely incompatible with continued investment in fossil fuels.
Similarly, deforestation and other environmentally destructive activities are disqualifying.
Non-state actors cannot buy cheap credits that often lack integrity instead of immediately cutting their own emissions across their value chain. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
As guidelines emerge for a high-integrity voluntary credit market, credits can be used above and beyond efforts to achieve 1.5°C aligned interim targets to increase financial flows into underinvested areas, including to help decarbonize developing countries.
Non-state actors cannot focus on reducing the intensity of their emissions rather than their absolute emissions or tackling only a part of their emissions rather than their full value chain (scopes 1, 2 and 3). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Non-state actors cannot lobby to undermine ambitious government climate policies either directly or through trade associations or other bodies.
Instead they must align their advocacy, as well as their governance and business strategies with their climate commitments.
This includes aligning capital expenditures with net zero targets and meaningfully linking executive compensation to climate action and demonstrated results. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
To effectively tackle greenwashing and ensure a level playing field, non‑state actors need to move from voluntary initiatives to regulated requirements for net zero.
Verification and enforcement in the voluntary space is challenging.
Many large non-state actors— especially privately held companies and state-owned enterprises —have not yet made net zero commitments which raises competitiveness concerns. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
This picture is changing fast, but it still requires the resolve of governments and regulators to level up the global playing field.
This is why we call for regulation starting with large corporate emitters including assurance on their net zero pledges and mandatory annual progress reporting. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities 7 The report also emphasizes that the global transition to net zero requires a new deal for developing countries that ensures a just transition and brings the scale of resources required to achieve it. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
In part, this requires financial institutions and multinational corporations to work with governments and Multinational Development Finance Institutions to innovate, consistently take on more risk, and set more ambitious targets that help to maximize their investments in clean energy and climate resilience.
We also recognize that the capabilities of non-state actors vary widely. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Though the focus of our recommendations has been large corporations, financial institutions and cities and regions, smaller non-state actors play an important role as well.
They will need support and assistance to align with the objectives of our recommendations. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
As Canada’s Minister of Environment and Climate Change and later as Minister of Infrastructure and Communities, I saw the power of businesses, financial institutions, cities and regions to help enable and accelerate positive change by supporting government action on climate.
Canada succeeded in putting a revenue neutral price on carbon pollution by building on the initiatives of several provinces. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Major Canadian companies across a wide range of sectors publicly supported the need for a national carbon price.
Precedent, advocacy and leadership created an ‘ambition loop’ that became even more powerful when governments and non-state actors worked together.
Today, we need an ambition loop for net zero— one that accelerates the pace of global change. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
I want to extend my thanks to the Secretary-General for entrusting us with this critical mandate and for his tireless work to build a more sustainable future.
I also want to express my gratitude to the other 16 members of our High-Level Expert Group for taking up this commission with the sense of urgency it demands.
Their expertise, collegiality and varied global perspectives have been invaluable. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
My thanks as well to the UN Secretariat and my team at Climate and Nature Solutions which has provided valuable support to the Group throughout this process.
And I would be remiss if I didn’t pay tribute to the many women and girls leading the way on climate in communities around the world who inspire us and motivate us.
Lastly, I want to express my sincere appreciation to the hundreds of groups and thousands of individuals who participated in our consultations and made submissions. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Your ideas and concerns factored greatly in our deliberations.
I hope our work can be a springboard for your continued efforts to achieve net zero.
What happens in the next decade will be decisive, and those with the power to do so must act now.
Ensuring that net zero pledges by corporations, banks and investors, cities and regions deliver ambitious, immediate, and verifiable emissions reductions is critical.
Leaders everywhere must join the drive to net zero. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Many non-state actors provide examples we can learn from.
They want a cleaner future.
They understand the need to mitigate climate risk and they are seized with the multi-trillion dollar economic opportunity that accompanies this transition.
We need these leaders to inspire their colleagues to do the same.
Growing up as a competitive swimmer, I learned that the key to winning is having an ambitious goal, putting your head down, doing the work, and driving to the finish. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
It’s going to be hard but if we’re ambitious, practical and focused, I know we can meet the challenge of ensuring a net zero world by 2050.
And equally important, we can ensure a sustainable and liveable future for our kids, our grandkids and for future generations. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
The Honourable Catherine McKenna Chair, High‑level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities Ms. McKenna is Canada’s former Minister of Environment and Climate Change from 2015 to 2019 and Minister of Infrastructure and Communities from 2019 to 2021.
Ms. McKenna is a founder and principal of Climate and Nature Solutions and of Women Leading on Climate launched at COP26 in Glasgow. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
She is also a Distinguished Visiting Scholar at Columbia University’s Centre on Global Energy Policy and Climate School.
8 High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities HIGH-LEVEL EXPERT GROUP Meet our Members Ms. Amanda Starbuck United Kingdom Dr. Arunabha Ghosh India Mr. Bill Hare Australia Ms. Camila Escobar Columbia Ms. Starbuck is the Program Director of “The Sunrise Project”, a prominent civil society organization. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Prior to that, Ms. Starbuck served as the programme director for Greenpeace in South America, responsible for setting the strategic direction and priority campaigns across the region.
Previously, she led the global finance team at the Rainforest Action Network.
Dr. Ghosh is the CEO of the Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW), a climate and energy think tank in India and the world.
Dr. Ghosh also serves on the Government of India’s G20 Advisory Group. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
He previously acted as the Co-Chair of the energy, environment and climate change track for India’s Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP2020).
Mr. Hare is the co-founder and CEO of Climate Analytics, an international non‑profit climate science and policy institute based in Germany.
Mr. Hare was also a lead author of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report and has supported international and regional scientific assessment processes in different capacities. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Ms. Escobar is the CEO at Juan Valdez Café.
Ms. Escobar was a former manager at Belcorp - a multinational cosmetics company present in 14 LAC countries - and McKinsey.
Mr. Carlos Lopes Guinea Bissau Dr. Zhou Xiaochuan China Mr. Günther Thallinger Austria Ms. Helena Viñes Fiestas Spain Mr. Lopes is the Commissioner at the Global Commission for Economy and Climate. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Mr. Lopes is currently serving as a professor at the University of Cape Town, a visiting professor at Sciences Po, and an associate fellow in the Africa Programme and Chatham House.
Mr. Lopes is the former Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Africa.
Dr. Zhou Xiaochuan is Vice Chairman of the Boao Forum for Asia.
From December 2002 and March 2018, he was Governor of the People’s Bank of China. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
He also served as Chairman of the Monetary Policy Committee of the People’s Bank of China and vice chairman of the 12th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference.
He is a member of the Group of Thirty (G30) and Chinese Economists 50 Forum.
.
Mr. Thallinger is a member of the Board of Allianz Group and Chairperson of the Group’s Sustainability Board.
Mr. Thallinger also serves as the Chair of the UN- Convened Net-Zero Asset Owner Alliance. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Ms. Viñes-Fiestas is the Commissioner of the Spanish Financial Markets Authority and Rapporteur of the EU Platform on Sustainable Finance.
Ms. Fiestas previously served as a senior policy adviser on sustainable finance at BNP Paribas. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities 9 Ms. Janine Felson Belize Ms. Jessica Omukuti Kenya Mr. Joaquim Levy Brazil Ms. Malango Mughogho Malawi / South Africa Janine Felson is an Ambassador of Belize and a senior advisor to the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) and the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) on climate and ocean matters. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
She has been a leading voice for small island developing states (SIDS) in key negotiations including the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement, among others.
Ms. Omukuti is a research fellow on inclusive net zero at the Oxford Net-Zero Institute for Science Innovation and Society (InSIS), Oxford University.
Her research is focused on understanding how responses to climate change affect societies in the global South. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Mr. Levy is the Director for Economic Strategy and Market Relations at Banco Safra S.A. Mr. Levy served as Minister for Finance of Brazil (2014-2015), Managing Director and CFO of the World Bank Group (2016-2018), and President of the Brazilian Development Bank (2018-2019).
Ms. Mughogho is Managing Director of ZeniZeni Sustainable Finance. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Ms. Mughogho led the team that developed the early stages of South Africa’s National Climate Finance Strategy and she currently serves as a climate finance expert on the Regional Technical Committee of the Global Water Partnership’s Southern Africa Coordination Unit.
Ms. Mary Nichols United States Ms. Kahori Miyake Japan Mr. Oumar Tatam Ly Mali Mr. Rod Carr New Zealand Ms. Nichols is the Distinguished Visiting Fellow at the Center on Global Energy Policy. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Ms. Nichols is former Chair of the California Air Resources Board, and she served as California’s Secretary for Natural Resources between 1999 and 2003.
Prior to that, Ms. Nichols served as Assistant Administrator for the U.S. EPA’s Office of Air and Radiation, in the administration of President William Jefferson Clinton, and headed the Institute of Environment and Sustainability at UCLA. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Ms. Miyake is the Co-Chair of Japan Climate Leaders’ Partnership (JCLP), a coalition of more than 200 businesses advancing decarbonization in the country.
She also serves as the General Manager of ESG Strategy and Solutions Department of the Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Bank.
Ms. Miyake previously served as the Chief Sustainability Officer of AEON.
Mr. Ly is former Prime Minister of Mali (2013-2014). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Mr. Tatam Ly previously served as the Special Adviser to the Governor of the Central Bank of West African States, and Chairman of the board of directors of the West Africa Monetary Union Pension Fund (CRRAE-UMOA).
Mr. Carr is Chairperson of the New Zealand Climate Change Commission.
Mr. Carr priorly served as Chair and non-executive director of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand and Deputy Governor and Acting Governor of the Bank. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
10 High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities INTRODUCTION A Confluence of Crises Since it was launched last spring, the UN High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities has been pursuing its work amidst a confluence of crises: global economic impacts of a persistent pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, ensuing inflation and energy security concerns, and climate change-fuelled extreme weather around the world. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
The impacts of these crises have been felt everywhere, but they have been most acute in the world’s least developed countries, exacerbating the debt crisis they already face.
China had its driest summer in 60 years, shrinking the Yangtze River to half its width.
Meanwhile, Pakistan suffered floods that submerged one‑third of the country and displaced more than 30 million people. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.