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The southwest Gulf coast of Florida was ravaged by a turbocharged hurricane, while Western Europe suffered the highest temperature peaks during the summer.
Furthermore, tens of millions of Africans face acute food insecurity in the drought-ravaged Horn of Africa.
All told, these and other climate-fuelled disasters ar... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
The toll isn’t only on humans, but on nature itself.
Over the past five decades, global wildlife populations have plummeted nearly 70 per cent due to climate change and other human activities.
In many instances, these impacts are unfolding even faster than scientists had predicted, which only increases the urgency of... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Yet the most recent UNEP Emissions Gap Report finds that the international community is falling far short of that goal under present policies and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
The International Energy Agency’s recent update of its net zero Scenario finds that the emission pathway “remains narrow but stil... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
While some with vested interest in the status quo have suggested that efforts to achieve net zero should be slowed on account of these crises, most recognise the interrelationship between these crises and the reality that accelerated climate action offers critical benefits, ranging from community health to energy and f... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
The flip side of this is the heightened awareness— globally but most especially in the European Union —that reliance on fossil fuels not only drives climate change but presents clear and present threats to both economic and national security.
It’s clear that now is not the time to slow down, but to double down, on inv... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
While climate change is a threat multiplier, well-designed efforts to mitigate it can be a solution multiplier, enhancing food and energy security, equity, and affordability.
It’s also clear that vast differences between developed and developing countries remain in terms of access to public and private finance, techno... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Least developed countries, small island developing states, African countries, landlocked countries, middle-income economies and even emerging economies all face specific challenges.
They must be recognised and fully addressed.
The Expert Group was convened at this crucial moment in time. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
In the years after the call for a balance between sinks and sources of emissions in the Paris Agreement High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities 11 became the concept of “ net zero”, thousands of cities, regions, companies and financiers formed a voluntary groundswell and swun... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
But net zero is now at an inflection point.
Some of those non‑state actors did not follow their net zero pledges with action, in spite of the urgency set out in the science.
Some may have underestimated the task or interpreted net zero differently.
Some may never have intended to achieve their stated goals, aiming o... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Many others are making good faith efforts to work toward global climate goals but do not yet know exactly what is required, or lack capacity or resources to deliver on their targets.
What the Expert Group offers here is a roadmap to prevent net zero from being undermined by false claims, ambiguity and “greenwash”. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
We have built on the existing science and best-in-class voluntary efforts to create a universal definition of net zero, based on five principles and ten recommendations to guide the future of net zero, and focused on the actions that need to be taken by cities, states, corporations and those who regulate them.
The ris... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
The risk is clear.
If greenwash premised upon low-quality net zero pledges is not addressed, it will undermine the efforts of genuine leaders, creating both confusion, cynicism and a failure to deliver urgent climate action.
Which is why, ultimately, regulations will be required to establish a level playing field and... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Plans must be ambitious, have integrity and transparency, be credible and fair.
The ten recommendations go into more detail about what non-state actors need to consider through each stage of their progress towards being net zero aligned and what the successful attainment of that status can and must contribute to the g... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
We have maintained our focus on equity and the urgency of the science throughout our recommendations, and we have addressed the main areas of a net zero plan that would allow the current landscape to build integrity and trust.
The key highlights of our recommendations include: • • • • • • • A net zero pledge must be a... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
A net zero pledge must contain stepping stone targets for every five years, and set out concrete ways to reach net zero in line with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) or International Energy Agency (IEA) net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions modelled pathways that limit warming to 1.5°C with no or ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
It needs to start fast and not delay action to the last minute, reflecting the fact that global emissions must decline by at least 50% by 2030.
Non-state actors must prioritise urgent and deep reduction of emissions across their value chain.
High integrity carbon credits in voluntary markets should be used for beyond... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Non-state actors must publicly share their comprehensive net zero transition plans detailing what they will do to meet all targets, align governance and incentivise structures, capital expenditures, research and development, skills and human resource development, and public advocacy, while also supporting a just transi... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
City, region, finance and business net zero plans must not support new supply of fossil fuels: there is no room for new investment in fossil fuel supply and there is a need to decommission and cancel existing assets.
Non-state actors must lobby for positive climate action and not against it. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
By working with governments to create strong standards, non-state actors can help create an ambition loop and ensure a level playing field for ambitious net zero pledges and to further de-risk a speedy transition and maximise the economic benefits of rigorous net zero alignment. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
By 2025, businesses, cities and regions with significant land‑use emissions must make sure that their operations and supply chains don’t contribute to deforestation, peatland loss and the destruction of 12 High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities remaining natural ecosystems. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Financial institutions should have a policy of not investing or financing businesses linked to deforestation, and should eliminate agricultural commodity-driven deforestation from their investment and credit portfolios by 2025.
• • • Non-state actors must report publicly every year, and in detail, on their progress, i... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Special attention will be needed to build sufficient capacity in developing countries to verify emission reductions.
The recommendations of this report are therefore relevant to both the UNFCCC global stocktake (GST) process and the anticipated mitigation work programme. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
To achieve net zero globally, while also ensuring a just transition and sustainable development, there needs to be a new deal for development which includes financial institutions and multinational corporations working with governments, Multilateral Development Banks and Development Finance Institutions, to consistentl... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
To make net zero work and to create a level playing field, regulators should develop regulation and standards starting with high-impact corporate emitters, including private and state-owned enterprises and financial institutions. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Countries should launch a new Task Force on net zero Regulation to convene regulators across borders and across regulatory domains, alongside leading voluntary and standard-setting initiatives and independent experts, to drive reconfiguration of the ground rules of the global economy to align to the goals of the Paris ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
We are calling on cities, regions, financial institutions and businesses— as well as their regulators and policymakers —to own this report and adopt this work into existing initiatives, as well as new and developing strategies.
A list of calls to action for regulators, initiatives and standard setters is set out at th... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Demonstrated integrity by aligning commitments with actions and investments 3.
Radical transparency in sharing relevant, non-competitive, comparable data on plans and progress 4.
Established credibility through plans based in science and third-party accountability 5.
Demonstrable commitment to both equity and justic... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Setting Net Zero Targets 3.
Using Voluntary Credits 4.
Creating a Transition Plan 5.
Phasing out of Fossil Fuels and Scaling Up Renewable Energy 6.
Aligning Lobbying and Advocacy 7.
People and Nature in the Just Transition 8.
Increasing Transparency and Accountability 9.
Investing in Just Transitions 10. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Investing in Just Transitions 10.
Accelerating the Road to Regulation 14 High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities RECOMMENDATION 1 Announcing a Net Zero Pledge The Challenge and the Opportunity Main Recommendation The Paris Agreement calls for a balance between sinks and sour... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Put more simply, net zero refers to a state by which the greenhouse gases going into the atmosphere are reduced as close to zero as possible and any residual emissions are balanced by permanent removals from the atmosphere by 2050.
While governments must take the lead in reducing emissions, action by non‑state actors ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
A net zero pledge should be made publicly by the leadership of the non-state actor and represent a fair share of the needed global climate mitigation effort.
The pledge should contain interim targets (including targets for 2025, 2030 and 2035) and plans to reach net zero in line with IPCC or IEA net zero greenhouse ga... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
net zero must be sustained thereafter.
In the years since this call, many corporations, cities, states and regions have made voluntary commitments to reach net zero.
This is commendable, but in the absence of regulation, too many of these pledges are not aligned with the science, do not contain enough detail to be cr... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Deceptive or misleading net zero claims by non‑state actors not only erode confidence in net zero pledges overall, they undermine sovereign state commitments and understate the work required to achieve global net zero.
Ultimately, to ensure consistency, rigour and enforceability, regulation will be needed— this is cov... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities 15 • A non-state actor should be considered and recognised as net zero or to “have achieved its net zero pledge” when: • • its pledge, targets and pathway to net zero are generated using a robust methodology consistent with limiting war... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Detailed Recommendations • All non-state actors must reduce emissions as fast as possible, aligning or exceeding national targets, roadmaps and timelines.
Those that have the capacity to move faster than a 50% reduction by 2030 and net zero by 2050 should do so, while some developing country non-state actors may requi... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
• Multinationals should set global targets that account for variability across jurisdictions and include all operations along their value chain in all jurisdictions.
• • Non-state actors must publicly disclose and report on progress against those targets and plans, ensuring that any claims of being net zero or net zer... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
A non-state actor should be considered and recognised as net zero aligned (or have independent validators following and adhering to a set of commonly accepted assurance standards confirm that its “ net zero pledge is on/off track”) when: • • • its pledge, targets and pathway to net zero are generated using a robust met... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
16 High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities RECOMMENDATION 2 Setting Net Zero Targets The Challenge and the Opportunity Detailed Recommendations The ambition of net zero targets will determine climate ambition this decade.
It is crucial that non-state actors have short-term t... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Immediate reductions are not only a scientific requirement, but also minimise transition risks for non-state actors.
Early action accelerates innovation and helps position non-state actors as leaders in the renewable energy and climate resilient economy. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Main Recommendation Non-state actors must have short-, medium- and long-term absolute emissions reduction targets and, where appropriate, relative emissions reduction targets across their value chain that are at least consistent with the latest IPCC net zero greenhouse gas emissions modelled pathways that limit warming... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
• • All non-state actors should set their initial targets within a year of making their pledge.
Non-state actors should have short‑term targets of five years or less, with the first target set for 2025. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
By aligning with the Paris Agreement’s requirement that countries increase the ambition of their national commitments by 2025, and at least every five years after that, non-state actors can help governments implement their national pledges and create opportunities for the progressive ratcheting up of pledges.
Targets ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
fossil methane and biogenic methane).
• Targets must include emissions reductions from a non-state actor’s full value chain and activities, including: • • • scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions for businesses. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Where data is missing for scope 3 emissions, businesses should explain how they are working to get the data or what estimates they are using; all emissions facilitated by financial entities; all territorial emissions for cities (as defined in the Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Inventories) and regio... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities 17 • • Embedded emissions within fossil fuel reserves as well as any land-use related emissions and risk adjusted sequestration in biomass, such as forests, peatlands and wetlands, should be accounted for separately. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
A concerted effort to speed the creation of the datasets needed for non-state actors to produce plans to reduce emissions generated by the use of their products and services (scope 3) and scaling support for non-state actors to comply with reporting requirements are required in order that this collective work moves at ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
A man walking on top of a giant sea wall protecting Jakarta, Indonesia Credit: Irene Barlian / Climate Visuals Countdown 18 High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities RECOMMENDATION 3 Using Voluntary Credits The Challenge and the Opportunity Main Recommendations • • • Non-state ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
High integrity carbon credits in voluntary markets should be used for beyond value chain mitigation but cannot be counted toward a non-state actor’s interim emissions reductions required by its net zero pathway.
High-integrity carbon credits are one mechanism to facilitate much‑needed financial support towards decarbo... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
As best-practice guidelines develop, non-state actors meeting their interim targets on their net zero pathway are strongly encouraged to balance out the rest of their annual unabated emissions by purchasing high-integrity carbon credits.
A high‑quality carbon credit should, at a minimum, fit the criteria of additional... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
While voluntary purchases of carbon credits by non-state actors can play a role in supporting faster emission reductions and delivery of the wider Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a system to define and ensure standards for both the integrity of the credits themselves and how non-state actors claim them is not yet... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
As a result, too many non-state actors are currently engaging in a voluntary market where low prices and a lack of clear guidelines risk delaying the urgent near-term emission reductions needed to avoid the worst impacts of climate change.
All global modelled pathways that limit warming to 1.5°C with no or limited ove... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Work to create both supply-side and demand-side guidelines is underway: • • The Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM) is working to define a transparent, high‑integrity standard for measuring and assigning the greenhouse gas equivalent credits that can be claimed, and will especially address additio... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
The important work of incentivising, recognising and rewarding high-integrity companies who purchase and retire carbon credits to go further and faster in their climate action is being shaped by the Voluntary Carbon Markets Integrity Initiative (VCMI) and the SBTi guidelines.
A transparent, high-integrity framework is... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities 19 Detailed Recommendations • • • • • Non-state actors who choose to purchase voluntary carbon credits for permanent removals to counterbalance residual emissions or annual unabated emissions beyond their net zero pathways must use cred... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Voluntary carbon markets need to be built on a rights-based approach, which fully respects, protects and takes into account the rights of Indigenous Peoples and local communities.
This includes consultation with the Indigenous Peoples and local communities that are responsible for the stewardship of the forests and ma... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Any credit transactions must be transparently reported, and associated claims must be easily understandable, consistent and verified (where land-based activities are concerned, they should be geo-referenced).
Whether or not the credits used can also be counted towards Nationally Determined Contributions under the Pari... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Non-state actors should invest in projects or jurisdictional programmes that prioritise the people and sectors most in need of support— for instance, those that protect biodiversity or restore degraded land, build resilience to climate impacts, accelerate distributed energy projects for energy access and livelihoods, o... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
These recommendations recognise the need for active monitoring of the market and recalibration as needed to establish the credible credits market that will be needed over the longer term to account for high-integrity removals. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
20 High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities RECOMMENDATION 4 Creating a Transition Plan The Challenge and the Opportunity Detailed Recommendations net zero transition plans are an essential tool to show how non-state actors will successfully deliver on their commitments in an ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
While no entity can predict the path to 2050, frequently updated transition plans make pledges concrete while highlighting uncertainties, assumptions and barriers.
This is particularly important for non-state actor commitments related to the just transition. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
While one-third of the world’s largest publicly-traded businesses have made net zero commitments, only half of those show how their targets are embedded in their corporate strategy, while most other businesses have only announced net zero targets or, in some cases, only their intention to set such targets.
Beyond demo... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Clear transition plans serve to align internal and external stakeholders, identify priorities and areas of challenge, and facilitate access to resources. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Main Recommendation Non-state actors must publicly disclose comprehensive and actionable net zero transition plans which indicate actions that will be undertaken to meet all targets, as well as align governance and incentive structures, capital expenditures, research and development, skills and human resource developme... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Company transition plans must: • • • • • • Disclose short-, medium- and long-term absolute emission reduction targets, and, if relevant, relative emission reduction targets.
Targets must account for all greenhouse gas emissions and include separate targets for material non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions.
Detail the thi... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
IPCC, IEA, Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS), One Earth Climate Model (OECM)) and explain any material difference between the non-state actor’s transition plan and sector pathways.
Explain emission reductions and, if needed, removal actions with time-bound key performance indicators.
If removals are ne... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Disclose how capital expenditure plans, research and development plans and investments are aligned with all targets (e.g.
capex-alignment with a regional or national taxonomy) and split between new and legacy or stranded assets.
• Outline actions to address any data limitations.
High-Level Expert Group on the Net Ze... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Describe linking of near‑ and long‑term targets with executive compensation.
Outline the specific policies and regulations, including carbon pricing, needed to facilitate transition plans.
Report on progress annually— especially in regards to targets, and explain plan changes on an annual basis.
Transition plans sho... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
The delivery of a net zero and climate‑resilient economy in a way that delivers fairness and tackles inequality and injustice.
These transition plans must consider and address the broader social consequences and impacts of mitigation actions, including on race, gender and intergenerational equity. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Examples could include: • • a company, in partnership with its workers, unions, communities and suppliers has developed a Just Transition Plan; a company discloses how its plan integrates the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) and specifically the principle of free, prior and inform... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Specify how to achieve and maintain operations and supply chains that avoid the conversion of remaining natural ecosystems— eliminating deforestation, wetland and peatland loss by 2025 at the latest, and the conversion of other remaining natural ecosystems by 2030. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Disclose how lobbying and policy engagement policies and activities are consistent with the non‑state actor’s net zero targets Financial institution transition plans must, in addition: • Demonstrate how all parts of the business (investment advisory, investment, facilitation, etc.)
align with interim targets and long-... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
• • For those asset classes or services for which emissions cannot (at least to date) be calculated, explain how net zero commitments are addressed or considered.
Include engagement targets that include voting (especially proxy) strategies in line with decarbonisation and escalation policies, policies on carbon credit... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
green taxonomies), and contribute to help financing net zero goals in developing markets via blended finance and other financial vehicles.
City or regional plans must: • • • • • Constitute a document (or series of documents) which lays out a strategic roadmap for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and strengthening cli... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Be based on community engagement and consultation, and build in ongoing engagement, in particular with marginalised groups, workers and frontline communities.
Include an assessment of existing conditions including baseline emissions, regular greenhouse gas inventories, a long-term emissions trajectory, accountability ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Cover all greenhouse gases for scope 1 and 2 for transport and stationary energy (buildings and facilities), and scope 1 and 3 for waste, per the Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
Emissions apply to the geographic area of the city, and are not limited to a city government’s operations. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Large cities should make every effort to report on scope 3 emissions, in particular those associated with sources of revenue and expenditure under the control of the revenue generating authority.
Develop a detailed overview of the strategies and actions that cities will pursue for achieving reductions in greenhouse ga... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
22 High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities RECOMMENDATION 5 Phasing Out of Fossil Fuels and Scaling Up Renewable Energy The Challenge and the Opportunity As the IPCC has highlighted, existing planned and approved fossil fuel infrastructure will exhaust the remaining carbon bu... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Additionally, the IEA states that new fossil fuel supply is incompatible with the required emissions trajectory to achieve net zero, and that includes new supplies of natural gas and LNG exports, which must peak and decline by the end of this decade. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
In its WEO 2020 update on the net zero Roadmap, the IEA also emphasises the need to synchronise scaling up clean energy technologies with scaling back of fossil fuels and that investment in clean energy rather than fossil fuel supply provides “a more lasting solution to today’s energy crisis while cutting emissions.” T... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
The continued global reliance on fossil fuels makes the global economy and energy security vulnerable to geopolitical shocks and crises.
Instead of slowing down the decarbonisation of the global economy, now is the time to accelerate the energy transition to a renewable energy future.
To do this, it is imperative to ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Phasing out fossil fuels must be done in parallel with scaling up access to renewable energy finance (some concrete proposals can be found in the “Investing in just transitions” section). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Main Recommendations • • • All net zero pledges should include specific targets aimed at ending the use of and/or support for fossil fuels in line with IPCC and IEA net zero greenhouse gas emissions modelled pathways that limit warming to 1.5°C with no or limited overshoot, with global emissions declining by at least 5... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
The transition away from fossil fuels must be just for affected communities, workers and all consumers to ensure access to energy, and avoid transference of fossil fuel assets to new owners.
The transition away from fossil fuels must be matched by a fully funded transition toward renewable energy. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities 23 Detailed Recommendations For businesses: For cities and regions: • • • On coal for power generation, end: (i) expansion of coal reserves, (ii) development and exploration of new coal mines, (iii) extension of existing coal mines, and... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
On oil and gas, end (i) exploration for new oil and gas fields, (ii) expansion of oil and gas reserves, and (iii) oil and gas production.
Renewable energy procurement targets should be included as part of net zero transition plans. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
• • • On coal for power generation: (i) not allow permits for expansion of coal reserves, (ii) not allow development and exploration of new coal mines, (iii) not allow extension of existing coal mines, and (iv) no coal plants by 2030 in OECD countries and in the rest of the world by 2040.
On oil and gas: (i) not allow... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
New fossil fuel-based electricity generation should not be permitted.
For financial institutions: Methane: • Methane emissions from the energy sector— coal, oil and gas production —should be reduced by at least 64% by 2030 from 2020 levels to be consistent with global modelled pathways that limit warming to 1.5°C with... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
• • • On coal for power generation, net zero targets and transition plans of all financial institutions must include an immediate end of: (i) lending, (ii) underwriting, and (iii) investments in any company planning new coal infrastructure, power plants, and mines. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Coal phase out policies from financial institutions must include a commitment to end all financial and advisory services and phase out exposure, including passive funds, to the entire coal value chain no later than 2030 in OECD countries and by 2040 in non-OECD countries.
Coal investments that remain in the portfolios... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
On oil and gas, oil and gas phase-out policies from financial institutions must include a commitment to end financing and investing in support of: (i) exploration for new oil and gas fields, (ii) expansion of oil and gas reserves, and (iii) oil and gas production.
Financial institutions should create investment produc... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
24 High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities RECOMMENDATION 6 Aligning Lobbying and Advocacy The Challenge and the Opportunity Detailed Recommendations • • • Non-state actors should publicly disclose their trade association affiliations.
They should encourage their association... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Non-state actors should also contribute to investor, supplier, consumer and employee engagement and work with peers to transform the economic sectors in which they operate.
This includes those in the business services industry— such as accounting, legal, PR and consultancies —who should publicly disclose how customer ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
As part of their transition plan and annual disclosures, non‑state actors should outline the specific policies and regulations, including carbon pricing, that they would need to cut emissions in line with a 1.5°C scenario.
This disclosure should specify the emissions reductions possible if the listed policies and regu... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
It informs and gives confidence to policymakers developing standards, policies and regulations that can level the playing field and drive an economy‑wide net zero transition.
To make sure this standard-setting and regulatory phase happens within this critical decade when global emissions must be reduced by at least 50... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Actively pushing for ambitious and forward‑thinking net zero policies in all the countries and industry groups in which they operate shows a serious commitment to tackling this challenge and helps enable positive government action on climate. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Moreover, by working with governments to create strong standards, non-state actors leading on climate action can ensure a level playing field for ambitious net zero pledges to further de-risk a speedy transition and maximise the economic benefits of rigorous net zero alignment. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Main Recommendation Non-state actors must align their external policy and engagement efforts, including membership in trade associations, to the goal of reducing global emissions by at least 50% by 2030 and reaching net zero by 2050.
This means lobbying for positive climate action and not lobbying against it. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities 25 RECOMMENDATION 7 People and Nature in the Just Transition The Challenge and the Opportunity Main Recommendations Deforestation driven by land-use change and agriculture contributes around 11% of annual global greenhouse gas emissions... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Non-state actors involved in the forest, land and agriculture sectors are critical to both the global efforts to reach net zero and protecting and restoring nature.
Scientific data points to the need to protect at least 30% of the natural world by 2030.
But reversing nature loss is no longer just an environmental iss... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
Healthy ecosystems are critical to achieving broader sustainable development goals and can unlock enormous economic benefits for food, medicine, tourism and quality of life, particularly for the workers, producers and communities dependent on those ecosystems, including women who are often disproportionally impacted an... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769211628.pdf | https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf |
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