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e b e b e D r e d n i k s E / o t o h P N U © In 2019, women only held 28 per cent of managerial positions worldwide GENDER EQUALITY: WHY IT MATTERS What’s the goal here?
To achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.
Why?
Women and girls represent half of the world’s popu- lation and therefore also hal... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769297161.pdf | https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/5_Why-It-Matters-2020.pdf |
Across the globe, women and girls perform a disproportionate share of unpaid domestic work.
Inequalities faced by girls can begin right at birth and follow them all their lives.
In some countries, girls are deprived of access to health care or proper nutrition, leading to a higher mortality rate.
How much progress h... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769297161.pdf | https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/5_Why-It-Matters-2020.pdf |
How much progress have we made?
International commitments to advance gender equal- ity have brought about improvements in some areas: child marriage and female genital mutilation (FGM) have declined in recent years, and wom- en’s representation in the political arena is higher than ever before.
But the promise of a w... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769297161.pdf | https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/5_Why-It-Matters-2020.pdf |
In fact, that goal is probably even more distant than before, since women and girls are being hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic.
How does gender inequality affect women?
Disadvantages in edu- cation translate into lack of access to skills and limited opportunities in the labour market.
Women’s and girls’ empowerment... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769297161.pdf | https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/5_Why-It-Matters-2020.pdf |
The full participation of women in labour forces would add percentage points to most national growth rates— double digits in many cases.
Are there any other gender- related challenges?
Yes.
Worldwide, 35 per cent of women between 15-49 years of age have experienced physical and/ or sexual intimate partner violence o... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769297161.pdf | https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/5_Why-It-Matters-2020.pdf |
1 in 3 girls aged 15-19 have experi- enced some form of female genital mutilation/cutting in the 30 countries in Africa and the Middle East, where the harmful practice is most common with a high risk of prolonged bleeding, infection (including HIV), childbirth complications, infertility and death.
The COVID-19 lockdow... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769297161.pdf | https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/5_Why-It-Matters-2020.pdf |
The Spotlight Initative, an EU/UN partnership, is a global, multi-year initiative focused on eliminating all forms of violence against women and girls (VAWG).
But, why should gender equality matter to me?
Regardless of where you live in, gender equality is a fundamental human right.
Advancing gender equal- ity is cr... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769297161.pdf | https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/5_Why-It-Matters-2020.pdf |
What can we do to fix these issues?
If you are a girl, you can stay in school, help empower your female classmates to do the same and fight for your right to access sexual and repro- ductive health services.
If you are a woman, you can address unconscious biases and implicit associations that form an unintended and o... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769297161.pdf | https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/5_Why-It-Matters-2020.pdf |
You can fund educa- tion campaigns to curb cultural practices like female genital mutila- tion and change harmful laws that limit the rights of women and girls and prevent them from achiev- ing their full potential.
To find out more about Goal #5 and other Sustainable Development Goals, visit: http://www.un.org/ susta... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769297161.pdf | https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/5_Why-It-Matters-2020.pdf |
UN WomenWatch: www.un.org/womenwatch The UN Internet Gateway on Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women Fact Sheet Women, Gender Equality and Climate Change Detrimental effects of climate change can be felt in the short-term through natural hazards, such as landslides, floods and hurricanes; and in the long-term, thro... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
The adverse ef- fects of these events are already felt in many areas, including in relation to, inter alia, ag- riculture and food security; biodiversity and ecosystems; water resources; human health; human settlements and migration patterns; and energy, transport and industry. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Photo Credit: UN Photo / Tim McKulka In many of these contexts, women are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change than men—primarily as they constitute the majority of the world’s poor and are more dependent for their livelihood on natural re- sources that are threatened by climate change.
Furthermore, they f... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Women and men in rural areas in developing countries are especially vulnerable when they are highly dependent on local natural resources for their livelihood.
Those charged with the responsibility to secure water, food and fuel for cooking and heating face the greatest challenges.
Secondly, when coupled with unequal ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
It is thus important to identify gender-sensitive strategies to respond to the environmental and humanitarian crises caused by climate change.1 It is important to remember, however, that women are not only vulnerable to climate change but they are also effective actors or agents of change in relation to both mitigation... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Furthermore, women’s responsibilities in households and communities, as stewards of natural and household resources, positions them well to contribute to livelihood strategies adapted to changing environmental realities.1 An analysis of how women are affected by these issues; and how they respond, is provided below tog... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
ThE NEEd for GENdEr SENSiTivE rESpoNSES To ThE EffECTS of ClimaTE ChaNGE Women, agriculture and food security in the context of climate change Climate change has serious ramifications in four dimensions of food security: food availability, food accessibility, food utilization and food systems stability.
Women farmers ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
About two-thirds of the female labour force in developing countries, and more than 90 percent in many African countries, Photo Credit: UNICEF/LeMoyne are engaged in agricultural work.4 In the context of climate change, traditional food sources become more unpredictable and scarce.
Women face loss of income as well as ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Related increases in food prices make food more inaccessible to poor people, in particular to women and girls whose health has been found to decline more than male health in times of food shortages. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Furthermore, women are often excluded from decision-making on access to and the use of land and resources critical to their livelihoods.5 For these reasons, it is important that the rights of rural women are ensured in regards to food security, non-discriminatory access to resources, and equitable participation in deci... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
UN publications: • Rural Households and Sustainability: Integrating environmental and gender concerns into home economics curricula http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/V5406e/V5406e00.htm • Environment and Natural Resource Management: IFAD’ s Growing Commitment http://www.ifad.org/pub/enviorn/EnvironENG.pdf Other resources on UN... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Biodiversity plays an in important role in climate change adaptation and mitigation.
For example, in contexts where deforestation is responsible for an average of 20% of human-induced carbon dioxide emissions, the conservation of natural habitats can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere.6 A... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
In the rural areas of Africa and Asia, women and men are highly dependent on biomass, such as wood, agricultural crops, wastes and forest resources for their energy and livelihoods. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
How- ever, in the face of climate change, the ability of women and men to obtain these indispensable resources is reduced.7 It is important to note that the declining biodiversity does not solely im- pact the material welfare and livelihoods of people; it also cripples access to security, resiliency, social relations, ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
To give a few examples, declining fish populations have major implications for artisanal fishers and communities that depend on fish.
Moreover, in many parts of the world, deforestation has meant that wood - the most widely used solid fuel - is located further away from the places where people live.
In poor communiti... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
As a result, women have less time to fulfil their domestic responsibilities, earn money, engage in politics or other public activities, learn to read or acquire other skills, or simply rest.
Girls are sometimes kept home from school to help gather fuel, perpetuating the cycle of disempowerment. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Moreover, when environmental degradation forces them to search farther afield for resources, women and girls become more vulnerable to injuries from carrying heavy loads long distances,9 and also face increased risk of sexual harassment and assault.
Photo Credit: FAO / Pius Ekpei Biodiversity, Indigenous Women and Cli... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Indigenous knowledge comprises: an understanding of wild ancestors of food, medicinal plants and domestic animals; symbiotic rela- tions with ecosystems; an awareness of the structure of ecosystems and the functionality of specific species; as well as the geographic ranges of said species.10 In order to further preserv... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
This should be particularly emphasised with regards to indigenous women who play a vital role as stewards of natural resources.11 A greater inclusion of indigenous communities and indigenous women further validates the significance of their knowledge. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
UN publications: • Gender and Sustainable Development in Drylands: an Analysis of Field Experiences ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/005/j0086e/j0086e00.pdf • Gender and Desertification: Expanding roles for women to restore drylands http://www.ifad.org/pub/gender/desert/gender_desert.pdf • Gender and Desertification: Makin... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Minimizing the risks to maximize the opportunities ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/ai503e/ai503e00.pdf • Rural Households and Sustainability: Integrating environmental and gender concerns into home economics curricula http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/V5406e/V5406e00.htm • Energy and Gender: In rural sustainable development, ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Rome, FAO http://www.fao.org/sd/dim_pe1/pe1_041002_en.htm • Environment and Natural Resource Management: IFAD’ s Growing Commitment http://www.ifad.org/pub/enviorn/EnvironENG.pdf • Adivasi Women: Engaging with Climate Change (April 2009) http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Side_events_UNPFII08_all_revised.doc... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
in the Latin American Context (SPANISH) www.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2007-009.pdf Women, gender equality and water resources in the context of climate change Climate change has significant impacts on fresh water sources, affecting the availability of water used for domestic and productive tasks. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
The consequences of the increased frequency in floods and droughts are far reaching, particularly for vulnerable groups, includ- ing women who are responsible for water management at the household level.12 All over the developing world, women and girls bear the burden of fetching water for their families and spend sign... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
The water from distant sources is rarely enough to meet the needs of the household and is often contaminated, such that women and girls also pay the heaviest price for poor sanitation.13 To give an example, in cases where the arsenic contamination of groundwater is prominent, increased flood levels intensify the rate o... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Photo Credit: UNICEF / Pirozzi UN publications: • Gender and Water – Securing Water for Improved Rural Livelihoods: The multiple-uses system approach http://www.ifad.org/gender/thematic/water/gender_water.pdf • 2008.
Climate change, water and food security.
High Level Conference on World Food Security - Background Pa... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/meeting/013/ai783e.pdf Other resources on UN websites: • Towards Sustainable Food Security: Women and Water Resources http://www.fao.org/sd/fsdirect/fbdirect/FSP003.htm • Women and Water http://www.unifem.org/attachments/stories/at_a_glance_water_rights.pdf • Gender, Water and Sanitation ht... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
What’s more, the risk of contracting serious illnesses is aggravated by environmental hazards caused by climate change.
In addition to the reference provided above of climate impacting women’s health through water scarcity and water contamination, an abundance of evidence links the evolution and distribution of infect... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
This en- tails a greater incidence of infectious diseases such as cholera, malaria, and dengue fever, due to the extension of risk seasons and wider geographic distribution of disease vectors.17 Whilst climate defines the geographical distribution of infectious diseases, weather influences the timing and severity of ep... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Warmth accelerates the biting rate of mosquitoes and speeds up the maturation process of the parasites they carry.
Sub-Saharan Africa is already home to the most effi- cient mosquito species and to the most severe forms of malaria. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Rising temperatures are likely to accelerate the lifecycle of the malaria parasite and to spread malaria to new areas.18 Furthermore, floods—increasing consistently with climate change—may also increase the prevalence of water-related diseases, espe- cially water and vector-borne diseases, which affect millions of poor... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
These diseases include malaria, onchocercia- sis, schistosomiasis and diarrheoa. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
UN publications: • Women, Health and the Environment Our Planet (Volume 15, No 12) http://www.unep.org/ourplanet/imgversn/152/images/Our_Planet_15.2.pdf Other resources on UN websites: • Climate Change and Health: Preparing for unprecedented challenges Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
The gradual process of environmental deterioration is likely to increase the flows of both internal and cross-border human migration over the next decades.19 Increased human migration entails that a greater number of people are being displaced due to severe coastal weather events, the erosion of shorelines, coastal flo... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
For example, Cyclone Nargis that struck the Irrawaddy Delta region in Myanmar in May 2008 severely af- fected 2.4 million people and led to the displacement of 800,000 people.20 Similarly, desertification distressing the dryland regions of Mexico leads 600,000 to 700,000 people to migrate from these areas annually.21 T... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Photo Credit: UN Photo / Logan Abassi While migration is a survival response to climate change, frequent human resettlement further exacerbates the loss of biodiversity and ecosystems.22 This is the case given that migration entails vast changes in land-use, the physical modification of rivers or water withdrawal from ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Global warming is one of the leading causes and greatest contributors to world hunger, malnutrition, exposure to disease, and declining access to water.
Moreover it poses limitations to adequate housing, spurring the loss of livelihoods as a result of permanent displacement. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Climate change affects the economic and social rights of countless individuals; this includes their rights to food, health and shelter.24 As climate change will inevitably continue to affect humanity, a key UN priority is safeguarding the human rights of people whose lives are most adversely affected.25 UN Resolutions ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2002/wom1322.doc.htm • Redressing ‘power equation’ between women and men, eradicating women’s poverty- press release on the general discussion of the Commission on the Status of Women, 46th session. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2002/wom1323.doc.htm • Climate Change, Migration and Human Rights: Address by Ms. Kyung-wha Kang, Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights Office of the United Nations Conference on Climate Change and Migration: Addressing Vulnerabilities and Harnessing Opportunities, 19 February 2008... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
1, Joint UNEP-OHCHR Expert Seminar on Human Rights and the Environment, 14-16 January 2002, Geneva http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/environment/environ/bp1.htm GENdEr-SENSiTivE rESpoNSES To ClimaTE ChaNGE ChaNGE incorporating gender perspectives and involving women as agents of change in responses Four areas have b... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
The first two blocks are linked to manifestations of climate change; and the latter two are linked to the means for achieving development goals.26 Mitigation involves a process of curbing greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, for example emissions from fossil fuels as well as deforestation, with a view to sta... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Adaptation involves a range of activities to reduce vulnerability and build resilience in key sectors, such as water, agriculture and human settle- ments. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
New and improved technologies and financing initiatives at all levels also need to receive attention as part of collective efforts to address climate change.1 Mitigation and adaptation efforts should systematically and effectively address gender-specific impacts of climate change in the areas of, inter alia, food secur... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
The active participation of women in the development of funding criteria and allocation of resources for climate change initiatives is critical, particularly at local levels. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Gender analysis of all budget lines and financial instruments for climate change is needed to ensure gender-sensitive investments in pro- grammes for adaptation, mitigation, technology transfer and capacity building.1 Technological developments related to climate change should take into account women’s specific priorit... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Women’s involvement in the development of new technologies can ensure that they are user-friendly, affordable, effective and sustainable.
Gender inequalities in access to resources, including credit, extension services, information and technology, must be taken into account in developing activi- ties designed to curb ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Women should also have equal access to training, credit and skills-development programmes to ensure their full participation in climate change initiatives.1 Governments should thus be encouraged to incorporate gender perspectives into their national policies, action plans and other measures on sustainable development a... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
The consultation and participation of women in climate change initiatives must be ensured, and the role of women’s groups and networks strengthened.
Currently, women are underrepresented in the decision-making process on environmental governance. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
They should be equally represented in decision-making structures to allow them to contribute their unique and valuable perspectives and expertise on climate change.1 Women can make substantive contributions through their knowledge and experience on issues related to the management of natural resources. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
For example, women in leadership positions— at national, local and community levels—have made a visible difference in natural disaster responses, both in emergency rescue and evacuation efforts and in post-disaster reconstruc- tion, as well as in the management of essential natural resources, such as fresh water.
Wome... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Many people question the role of women in energy issues, where energy is primarily thought of in terms of: electricity to operate appliances and equipment, gasoline and diesel fuels for motors and vehicles, and the delivery of oil for natural gas. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Dealing with these different mediums (electricity and fuel) is often considered as men’s work, where women are not expected to be involved with power genera- tion and fuel distribution.27 As a result of these considerations, women and men face differences in training and social expectations, where women are not usually... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
This exclusion also means that women do not participate in, nor contribute to the elaboration of key strategies to mitigate climate change.
However, in many developing countries, especially in the poorest areas, most energy currently comes from traditional biomass fuels such as wood, charcoal and agricultural wastes –... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
It follows that the lack of recognition of the role of women in the energy sector, leads to ‘gender-blind’ (this is to say that gender is not taken into consideration) energy policies that fail to address some of the most pressing factors affecting the capacity of developing countries to adapt and mitigate climate chan... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Linkages between energy supplies, gender roles and climate change are strongest in countries with low availability of basic electricity and modern fuels, as well as high dependence on biomass fuels for cooking, heating and lighting – and close to two billion people in the developing world use traditional biomass fuels ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
With the onslaught of aggravated environmental changes, women are likely to continue spending long (perhaps even longer) hours fetching firewood, drawing water, working the land, and grinding cereal crops.
Given these numerous responsibilities and tasks, women in developing countries should be actively engaged in nati... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Women should be given greater involvement so that energy supplies can be managed more effectively and productively in the face of climate change, but also so that the dependence on biomass fuels can be quelled, raising communities out of extreme poverty.29 UN Publications: • Resource Guide on Gender and Climate Change ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
However, the term has now evolved to a broader concept that also includes knowledge, processes, activities, and socio-cultural context.
As such, technology reflects the foundation of everyday life and touches upon most aspects of both women and men’s lives. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Moreover, most methods of adaptation to climate change involve some form of technology: this can include “soft” technologies based on insurance schemes, crop rotation patterns or traditional knowl- edge; it may also include “hard” technologies such as irrigation systems, drought resistant seeds or sea defences.30 Techn... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
In many developing countries, the access of girls and women to information and communication technology is constrained by: social and cultural bias, inadequate technological infrastructure in rural areas, women’s lower educations levels (especially in the fields of sci- ence and technology) and the fear of or lack of i... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Furthermore, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) which emerged from the Kyoto Protocol enables industrialised countries to invest in projects that reduce emissions in developing countries as an alternative to more expensive emission reductions in their own countries. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
The problem however, is that to date, gender equality is given minimal attention and the degree of difference in the impact of climate change on women and men has been overlooked.33 It is important to point out that equal inclusion of women and men in all aspects of climate change projects, including technology, pays o... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
This means that targeted efforts must ensure firstly that it is understood that the situation of women may differ from that of men, secondly that technologies are designed in such a way as to be relevant to their circumstances and thirdly to ensure that they are given full access to knowledge, information and technolog... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
UN Publications: • Resource Guide on Gender and Climate Change http://content.undp.org/go/cms-service/download/asset/?asset_id=1854911 • Training Manual on Gender and Climate Change http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/lib.nsf/db900sid/ASAZ-7SNCA9/$file/UNDP_Mar2009.pdf?openelement Women, gender equality and financing of mitiga... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
However, factors such as gender inequality in access to social and physical goods; gender gaps in education, income, time use and leisure; and gender-differentiated roles and responsibilities in the household, community and labour markets affect the effective channelling of financing to women.
In the first instance, w... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
In the second instance, women’s ability to adapt to the demands of climate change depends on the extent of their control over economic resources and access to economic and financial resources.
Dealing successfully with the challenge of risk management, disaster preparedness and climate change-induced-weather challenge... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Empowering and investing in women are key to combating the effects of desertification and paving the way for poverty alleviation in the world’s least developed countries.36 However, under the current climate change finance regime, women do not have sufficient access to funds aimed at cover- ing weather-related losses, ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
UN Publications: • UNDP Paper on gender and climate change finance (link to be provided soon) Women, gender equality and emergency measures during natural disasters At the most basic level, mortality rates for women and men are often different in natural disasters. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
A 2006 study of 141 natural di- sasters by the London School of Economics found that when economic and social rights are fulfilled for both sexes, the same number of women and men die in disasters.37 At the same time, when women do not enjoy economic and social rights equal to men, more women than men die in disasters. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
This gender discrepancy has come to light in a range of major disasters, including the Asian Tsu- nami; Hurricane Mitch, Hurricane Katrina, and other storms in the Americas; European heat waves; and cyclones in South Asia, etc.
In some cases, such as in Central America, more men than women have died in natural disaste... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Post-disaster, women are usually at higher risk of being placed in unsafe, overcrowded shelters, due to lack of assets, such as savings, property or land.
In the context of cyclones, floods, and other disasters that require mobility, cultural constraints on women’s movements may hinder their timely escape, access to s... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Exacerbating this effect, women often avoid using shelters out of fear of domestic and sexual violence, and become even less mobile as primary family care-givers.38 Poor women and those in countries of higher gender inequality appear to be at the highest risk: a direct correlation has been observed between women’s stat... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
All post-conflict countries face serious environ- mental issues that could undermine the peace building processes, if left unaddressed, and specifically affect women who are faced by a combination of hardships.40 It is thus important to identify gender-sensitive strategies for responding to human security needs and env... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
These efforts should focus on: reducing women’s vulnerability, in tandem with men’s sus- ceptibilities; promoting gender sensitive emergency responses; and enlisting women as key environmental actors in natural disaster management decision-making processes, alongside men, tapping on women’s skills, resourcefulness and ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
http://www.unep.org/gender_env/Information_Material/RealMenUnite.asp • Insights into Gender and the Environment: Gender and the post-conflict environment http://www.unep.org/gender_env/Information_Material/Conflict.asp • Expert Group Meeting On Gender-Friendly Sustainable Cities in Asia and the Pacific: Rebuilding Comm... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/csw52/issuespapers/ Gender%20and%20climate%20change%20paper%20final.pdf 2 46th Session of the Commission on the Status of Women (2002) “Agreed Conclusions,”.
Report on the forty-sixth session of Commission on the Status of Women.
Official Records, 2002 supplement No.
7 (E/2002/27... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
p12.
Economic and Social Council, United Nations.
http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N02/397/04/PDF/N0239704.pdf?OpenElement 3 52nd Session of the Commission on the Status of Women (2008) Report on the fifty-second session of Commission on the Status of Women.. Official Records, 2008 Supplement No.
7.
(E/2008/2... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Women and Food Security.
FAO FOCUS http://www.fao.org/FOCUS/E/Women/Sustin-e.htm 5 FAO.
Women and Food Security.
FAO FOCUS http://www.fao.org/FOCUS/E/Women/Sustin-e.htm 6 Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Biodiversity Synthesis.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.
2005 http://www.maweb.org/documents/document.354.aspx.... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
FAO.
Rome ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/ai021e/ai021e00.pdf 8 Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Biodiversity Synthesis.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.
2005 http://www.maweb.org/documents/document.354.aspx.pdf 9 UNDP.
Sustainable Energy Services: The Gender Dimension. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Sustainable Energy Services: The Gender Dimension.
http://www.undp.org/women/mainstream/SustainableEnergyServices.pdf 10 Resource Guide on Gender and Climate Change http://content.undp.org/go/cms-service/download/asset/?asset_id=1854911 11 Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues Seventh session (2008.
)Issue paper on in... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
2007.
Coordinated UN System Action on Climate Change.United Nations.
http://www.uneca.org/eca_programmes/sdd/events/climate/CEB-Climate.pdf 13 UNICEF.
Arsenic Mitigation in Bangladesh.
Rep. UNICEF.
Web.
http://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/Arsenic.pdf 14 Khan, MMH, and Et al.
“Magnitude of Arsenic Toxicity in Tube-W... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Web.
http://www.apocp.org/cancer_download/Vol4_No1/MMH%20Khan.pdf 15 UNICEF.
Arsenic Mitigation in Bangladesh.
Rep. UNICEF.
Web.
http://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/Arsenic.pdf 16 Ibid.
17 Resource Guide on Gender and Climate Change, http://content.undp.org/go/cms-service/download/asset/?
asset_id=1854911 18 Dr. Ma... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Director General of the World Health Organization.
(2007) “Climate Change and Health: Preparing for unprecedented challenges”, Keynote statement at the U.S. National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA.
http://www.who.int/dg/speeches/2007/20071211_maryland/en/index.html?language 19 Migration, Climate Change and the E... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
21 Ibid.
22 Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Biodiversity Synthesis.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.
2005. http://www.maweb.org/documents/document.354.aspx.pdf 23 Ibid.
24 Ms. Kyung wha-Kang.
Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights, OHCHR (2008).
“Climate Change, Migration and Human Rights”.
Keynote address a... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/BA5B630BFFAD7FC1C12573F600386398?opendocument 25 OHCHR (2008) A human rights approach to tackling climate change.
http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/TackingClimateChange.aspx 26 Report on Conference on Climate Change, COP13, Bali, Indonesia. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
(2007) http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_13/items/4049.php 27 Where Energy is Women’s Business: National and Regional Reports from Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Pacific http://www.energia.org/pubs/papers/karlsson_csdbook_lores.pdf 28 Ibid.
29 Where Energy is Women’s Business: National and Regional Reports from Afri... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
Rep. IUCN, UNDP, Global Gender and Climate Alliance.
Web.
http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2009-012.pdf 31 Training Manual on Gender and Climate Change.
Rep. IUCN, UNDP, Global Gender and Climate Alliance.
Web.
http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2009-012.pdf 32 Ibid.
33 Training Manual on Gender and Climate C... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
36 Training Manual on Gender and Climate Change.
Rep. IUCN, UNDP, Global Gender and Climate Alliance.
Web.
http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2009-012.pdf 37 Neumayer, Eric.
The Gendered Nature of Natural Disasters: the impact of catastrophic events on the gender gap in life expectancy, 1981-2002, London School of... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
(EUR/5067874/151).
http://www.euro.who.int/Document/EEHC/25th_EEHC_Milan_edoc15.pdf 39 WHO (2008) “Gender inequities in environmental health”.
25th Session of the European Environment and Health Committee.
(EUR/5067874/151).
http://www.euro.who.int/Document/EEHC/25th_EEHC_Milan_edoc15.pdf 40 Eden.
M.V.
Insights i... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP).
http://www.unep.org/gender_env/Information_Material/Conflict.asp 41 Secretariat for the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) (2001).
Environmental Management and the Mitigation of Natural Disasters: A Gender Perspective.
Expert Group Meeting (6 - 9 Novem... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769299695.pdf | https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/climate_change/downloads/Women_and_Climate_Change_Factsheet.pdf |
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