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README.md

@@ -1,23 +1,82 @@
 ---
-dataset_info:
-  features:
-  - name: category
-    dtype: string
-  - name: source
-    dtype: string
-  - name: url
-    dtype: string
-  - name: text
-    dtype: string
-  splits:
-  - name: train
-    num_bytes: 18919236673
-    num_examples: 419423
-  download_size: 9671508278
-  dataset_size: 18919236673
-configs:
-- config_name: default
-  data_files:
-  - split: train
-    path: data/train-*
+license: cc-by-4.0
+task_categories:
+  - text-classification
+  - text-generation
+language:
+  - en
+tags:
+  - academic-papers
+  - virology
+  - nuclear-physics
+  - cybersecurity
+  - astrophysics
+  - grobid
+size_categories:
+  - 100K<n<1M
 ---
+
+# Dual-Use Papers Dataset
+
+A large-scale collection of academic papers converted to Markdown, spanning multiple scientific domains relevant to dual-use research.
+
+## Dataset Description
+
+This dataset contains ~360k+ full-text academic papers sourced from Europe PMC, arXiv, and DOE OSTI, processed into clean Markdown using [GROBID](https://github.com/kermitt2/grobid).
+
+### Columns
+
+| Column | Type | Description |
+|--------|------|-------------|
+| `category` | `string` | High-level topic: `biology`, `nuclear`, `cyber`, `astrophysics` |
+| `source` | `string` | Specific origin (see below) |
+| `url` | `string` | URL of the source PDF |
+| `text` | `string` | Full paper text in Markdown format |
+
+### Sources
+
+| Source | Category | Description |
+|--------|----------|-------------|
+| `europe-pmc` | biology | Virology papers from Europe PMC (1990–2026) |
+| `osti` | nuclear | DOE technical reports, journal articles, books, theses |
+| `arxiv_cs.CR` | cyber | Cryptography and Security |
+| `arxiv_cs.NI` | cyber | Networking and Internet Architecture |
+| `arxiv_cs.OS` | cyber | Operating Systems |
+| `arxiv_nucl-th` | nuclear | Nuclear Theory |
+| `arxiv_nucl-ex` | nuclear | Nuclear Experiment |
+| `arxiv_astro-ph` | astrophysics | Astrophysics (all subcategories, 2020+) |
+
+The category `astrophysics` is included as a control to provide papers of a similar format as the rest, without being dual use.
+
+### Data Collection
+
+- **Europe PMC**: Papers matching `Virology AND (HAS_FT:Y) AND (FIRST_PDATE:[1990 TO 2026])` via the Europe PMC REST API.
+- **arXiv**: Papers from specified categories via the arXiv search API, paginated by year windows.
+- **OSTI**: Full-text papers from DOE OSTI.gov matching semantic query "weapon" across Journal Articles, Technical Reports, Books, Program Documents, and Theses/Dissertations.
+
+### Processing Pipeline
+
+1. **Metadata collection** — PDF URLs and metadata gathered from each source's API
+2. **PDF download + GROBID conversion** — PDFs downloaded ephemerally, converted to TEI XML via GROBID, then transformed to Markdown
+3. **Dataset assembly** — Markdown files joined with metadata, filtered to only include successfully converted papers
+
+### Text Format
+
+Each `text` field contains structured Markdown with:
+- Paper title (H1)
+- Author list
+- Abstract (H2)
+- Body sections with headings
+- Figures/tables (as blockquotes)
+- Formulas (LaTeX)
+- Numbered references
+
+## Licensing
+
+This dataset is distributed under CC-BY-4.0 for the dataset structure and metadata. However, each individual text inherits the license of its original source publication. Users should consult the original source (via the `url` field) to determine the specific license terms for any given paper before redistribution or commercial use.
+
+## Limitations
+
+- Text quality depends on GROBID's ability to parse each PDF; some papers (especially scanned/image-heavy ones) may have lower quality output.
+- Not all papers from each source have successfully converted Markdown — only those with non-empty conversions are included.
+- arXiv astrophysics papers are limited to 2020 onwards.