AE-data/dual-use-papers

Dual-Use Papers (metadata only)

A curated collection of academic papers labeled by subject-matter category. Built for research on dual-use capabilities in LLMs.

Schema

Column	Type	Description
category	string	Topic label (see mapping below)
source	string	Provenance tag, e.g. europe-pmc, arxiv_cs.CR, osti
url	string	URL to the original PDF

Category Mapping

Source	Category
Europe PMC	biology
OSTI	nuclear
arXiv nucl-th, nucl-ex	nuclear
arXiv cs.CR, cs.NI, cs.OS	cyber
arXiv (all other categories)	other

Statistics

Total rows: 415,119

Category	Rows
biology	192,403
cyber	49,806
nuclear	79,351
other	93,559

Source	Rows
europe-pmc	192,403
osti	31,963
arXiv (cyber)	49,806
arXiv (nuclear)	47,388
arXiv (other)	93,559

Sources

• Europe PMC — Open-access biomedical and life-science literature from europepmc.org.
• arXiv — Preprints across physics, mathematics, computer science, and more from arxiv.org. Dual-use categories (cyber, nuclear) are collected exhaustively from 1991 to the present. Other categories are sampled and balanced to match the dual-use count.
• OSTI — Technical reports and journal articles from the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information.

Processing

1. Metadata is collected via source-specific APIs (arXiv, Europe PMC, OSTI).
2. arXiv "other" papers are shuffled and truncated so their count exactly matches the number of dual-use arXiv papers.

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("AE-data/dual-use-papers", split="train")
print(ds)
print(ds[0]["category"], ds[0]["url"])

Note

This dataset is intended solely for safety and scientific research purposes.