| --- |
| configs: |
| - config_name: vldbench |
| default: true |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: vldbench/train-00000-of-00001.parquet |
| - config_name: vldbench_majority |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: vldbench_majority/train-00000-of-00001.parquet |
| - config_name: vldbench_unanimous |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: vldbench_unanimous/train-00000-of-00001.parquet |
| - config_name: vldbench_best_pair |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: vldbench_best_pair/train-00000-of-00001.parquet |
| - config_name: vldbench_annotations_long |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: vldbench_annotations_long/train-00000-of-00001.parquet |
| - config_name: supplementary_opposing |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: supplementary_opposing/train-00000-of-00001.parquet |
| - config_name: supplementary_opposing_majority |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: supplementary_opposing_majority/train-00000-of-00001.parquet |
| - config_name: supplementary_opposing_unanimous |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: supplementary_opposing_unanimous/train-00000-of-00001.parquet |
| - config_name: supplementary_opposing_best_pair |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: supplementary_opposing_best_pair/train-00000-of-00001.parquet |
| - config_name: supplementary_opposing_annotations_long |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: supplementary_opposing_annotations_long/train-00000-of-00001.parquet |
| language: |
| - en |
| extra_gated_prompt: >- |
| By requesting access, you agree to use the DisStance Similarity Dataset for |
| non-commercial research purposes only, cite the dataset appropriately, and not |
| redistribute the files outside your research group. |
| extra_gated_fields: |
| Affiliation: |
| type: text |
| description: University, lab, or organization |
| Intended use: |
| type: text |
| description: Brief description of your research project |
| --- |
| |
| # DisStance Similarity Dataset |
|
|
| DisStance is a dataset of news-title pairs. Each pair is annotated with a **similarity score** (0.0 to 1.0, step 0.1) and a **stance label** (supporting, against, undetermined, not related). It has two parts: |
|
|
| - **VLDBench pairs:** 5,018 pairs built from 838 anchor titles of the [VLDBench](https://huggingface.co/datasets/vector-institute/VLDBench) corpus. Each anchor is paired with up to six candidate titles (two close, two far, two random). The pairs were annotated in three rounds, by six annotators in round 1 and three in rounds 2 and 3. |
| - **Supplementary opposing pairs:** 169 pairs collected by web scraping to add opposing examples, which are rare in VLDBench. Each pair was annotated by up to six annotators. |
|
|
| Project page: https://ai4debunk.github.io/DisStance-Similarity-Dataset/ · Code: https://github.com/AI4Debunk/DisStance-Similarity-Dataset |
|
|
| ## Access |
|
|
| The dataset card is public. **Downloads are gated**: click *Access repository*, fill in the form, and wait for manual approval. Then log in (`hf auth login`) before loading the data. |
|
|
| ## Configs |
|
|
| | Config | Rows | Content | |
| | --- | ---: | --- | |
| | `vldbench` | 5,018 | All VLDBench pairs, one row per pair, with every annotator's label and score | |
| | `vldbench_majority` | 3,896 | Pairs with a strict-majority stance label (the evaluation set) | |
| | `vldbench_unanimous` | 2,299 | Pairs where all annotators gave the same stance and none dismissed the pair | |
| | `vldbench_best_pair` | 2,718 | Pairs on which annotators C and E (the pair with the largest overlap) agree | |
| | `vldbench_annotations_long` | 20,357 | One row per annotator judgment | |
| | `supplementary_opposing` | 169 | All supplementary pairs, with titles | |
| | `supplementary_opposing_majority` | 141 | Supplementary pairs with a strict-majority stance label | |
| | `supplementary_opposing_unanimous` | 16 | Supplementary pairs with full agreement (all opposing) | |
| | `supplementary_opposing_best_pair` | 102 | Supplementary pairs on which annotators B and F agree | |
| | `supplementary_opposing_annotations_long` | 1,007 | One row per annotator judgment | |
|
|
| ```python |
| from datasets import load_dataset |
| |
| pairs = load_dataset("AI4Debunk/DisStance-Similarity-Dataset", "vldbench", split="train", revision="v2.2") |
| evaluation = load_dataset("AI4Debunk/DisStance-Similarity-Dataset", "vldbench_majority", split="train", revision="v2.2") |
| opposing = load_dataset("AI4Debunk/DisStance-Similarity-Dataset", "supplementary_opposing_majority", split="train", revision="v2.2") |
| ``` |
|
|
| Pin `revision="v2.2"` to get exactly the data described here. |
|
|
| ## Columns (pair-level configs) |
|
|
| | Column | Meaning | |
| | --- | --- | |
| | `main_unique_id`, `db_unique_id` | Anchor and candidate IDs (VLDBench `unique_id` for the VLDBench part) | |
| | `db_index`, `db_position` | Candidate slot (0–5) and type: `close`, `far` or `random` (`scraped` for the supplementary part) | |
| | `round`, `batch` | Annotation round (1–3) | |
| | `related_A` … `related_F` | Stance label of each annotator, or `dismissed`, or empty if the annotator did not see the pair | |
| | `similarity_A` … `similarity_F` | Similarity score of each annotator (empty when dismissed or not seen) | |
| | `n_annotators`, `n_stance_labels`, `n_dismissed` | Counts over the annotators of the pair | |
| | `mean_similarity` | Mean similarity score over the annotators who gave one | |
| | `stance_agreement` | `unanimous`, `majority`, `no_majority`, `single_label` or `no_label` | |
| | `majority_label` | Stance label chosen by more than half of the stance labels (dismissed excluded), at least two labels required | |
| | `in_evaluation` | True when `majority_label` is defined | |
| | `main_title`, `comparison_title` | Supplementary part only | |
| | `topic` | Supplementary part only: topic family used in the search query (all pairs are `Economy & Finance`) | |
| | `main_url`, `comparison_url` | Supplementary part only: address of the anchor and candidate articles | |
| | `main_outlet`, `comparison_outlet` | Supplementary part only: website of each article | |
| | `main_date`, `comparison_date` | Supplementary part only: publication date (`YYYY-MM-DD`), empty when it could not be found | |
| | `main_search_engine`, `comparison_search_engine` | Supplementary part only: news search engine that returned the article | |
| | `validation_model` | Supplementary part only: language model that confirmed the pair as opposing before annotation | |
|
|
| Agreement configs also have `related` (the agreed label) and `similarity_mean`. Each annotator letter refers to the same person in every config. |
|
|
| ## Labels |
|
|
| | Label | Meaning | |
| | --- | --- | |
| | `supporting` | The two titles support or reinforce the same claim | |
| | `against` | The two titles contradict or oppose each other | |
| | `undetermined` | Close in meaning, but no clear support or opposition | |
| | `not_related` | Not about the same fact, claim or event | |
|
|
| `dismissed` is not a stance. It marks unreadable or out-of-scope pairs and is excluded from agreement and majority labels. |
|
|
| ## VLDBench headlines |
|
|
| VLDBench configs contain IDs only. To get the headlines, join `main_unique_id` and `db_unique_id` with `unique_id` in VLDBench, for example with `extract_annotations.py` from the code repository. |
|
|
| ## Counts |
|
|
| All counts are in [`CANONICAL_COUNTS_v2.md`](CANONICAL_COUNTS_v2.md). |
|
|
| ## Changelog |
|
|
| - **v2.2 (2026-11-02):** source metadata for the supplementary pairs. The four supplementary pair configs gain `topic`, `main_url`, `main_outlet`, `main_date`, `main_search_engine`, `comparison_url`, `comparison_outlet`, `comparison_date`, `comparison_search_engine` and `validation_model` (276 of the 338 titles have a publication date, January 2024 to August 2026). Existing columns and rows are unchanged. |
| - **v2.1 (2026-10-27):** removed duplicate supplementary pairs. The scraping output listed some pairs more than once under different IDs, with the same anchor and candidate titles; 33 copies are removed, keeping the lowest ID number. `supplementary_opposing` 202 → 169 pairs, `supplementary_opposing_majority` 166 → 141, `supplementary_opposing_unanimous` 17 → 16, `supplementary_opposing_best_pair` 118 → 102. VLDBench configs are unchanged. |
| - **v2.0 (2026-10-26):** full release of all three annotation rounds. |
| - **Size:** VLDBench grows from 665 pairs (111 anchors, round 1 only) to 5,018 pairs (838 anchors, rounds 1–3), built from each annotator's latest annotation file. |
| - **Similarity scores:** rounded to the 0.1 grid; 784 scores from one annotator were on a finer grid. |
| - **Duplicates:** the same story from two outlets under one anchor (CNN `edce44c132` and ABC News `5271935a6e`) is now removed under all 10 affected anchors, keeping the lower `db_index`. |
| - **Annotator letters:** the same across all configs. In v1 the supplementary configs used a different assignment, so their letters changed. |
| - **Annotator F:** labels on the v1 pairs come from that annotator's latest file and differ from v1 on 93 pairs. |
| - **New configs and columns:** `*_majority` configs, plus the `majority_label`, `in_evaluation` and `round` columns. |
| - **Agreement subset:** the VLDBench best annotator pair is now C and E. |
| - **v1.1 (2026-10-21):** removed one duplicate candidate pair (666 → 665 pairs). |
| - **v1.0-666:** first release, 666 VLDBench pairs (round 1, 111 anchors). |
|
|
