| --- |
| dataset_info: |
| - config_name: grounding_cross_coord_to_coord |
| features: |
| - name: ref_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: test_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: ref_hint |
| dtype: string |
| - name: ref_hint_coord |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_choices |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_mcq_options |
| dtype: string |
| - name: gt_answer |
| dtype: string |
| - name: task |
| dtype: string |
| - name: folder |
| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 829716650 |
| num_examples: 513 |
| download_size: 634842012 |
| dataset_size: 829716650 |
| - config_name: grounding_cross_letter_to_letter |
| features: |
| - name: ref_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: test_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: ref_hint |
| dtype: string |
| - name: ref_hint_coord |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_choices |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_mcq_options |
| dtype: string |
| - name: gt_answer |
| dtype: string |
| - name: task |
| dtype: string |
| - name: folder |
| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 829529694 |
| num_examples: 513 |
| download_size: 634800583 |
| dataset_size: 829529694 |
| - config_name: grounding_task_a_icl_outside |
| features: |
| - name: test_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: target_coord |
| dtype: string |
| - name: target_letter |
| dtype: string |
| - name: choices |
| dtype: string |
| - name: gt_choice_letter |
| dtype: string |
| - name: task |
| dtype: string |
| - name: scenario |
| dtype: string |
| - name: n_icl_examples |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: icl_metadata |
| dtype: string |
| - name: icl_image_0 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_1 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_2 |
| dtype: image |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 1241840521 |
| num_examples: 500 |
| download_size: 1182653732 |
| dataset_size: 1241840521 |
| - config_name: grounding_task_a_icl_within |
| features: |
| - name: test_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: target_coord |
| dtype: string |
| - name: target_letter |
| dtype: string |
| - name: choices |
| dtype: string |
| - name: gt_choice_letter |
| dtype: string |
| - name: task |
| dtype: string |
| - name: scenario |
| dtype: string |
| - name: n_icl_examples |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: icl_metadata |
| dtype: string |
| - name: icl_image_0 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_1 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_2 |
| dtype: image |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 1242503348 |
| num_examples: 500 |
| download_size: 1178297566 |
| dataset_size: 1242503348 |
| - config_name: grounding_task_a_zero_shot |
| features: |
| - name: test_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: target_coord |
| dtype: string |
| - name: target_letter |
| dtype: string |
| - name: choices |
| dtype: string |
| - name: gt_choice_letter |
| dtype: string |
| - name: task |
| dtype: string |
| - name: scenario |
| dtype: string |
| - name: n_icl_examples |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: icl_metadata |
| dtype: string |
| - name: icl_image_0 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_1 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_2 |
| dtype: image |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 414286389 |
| num_examples: 500 |
| download_size: 392568896 |
| dataset_size: 414286389 |
| - config_name: grounding_task_b_icl_outside |
| features: |
| - name: test_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: target_coord |
| dtype: string |
| - name: target_letter |
| dtype: string |
| - name: choices |
| dtype: string |
| - name: gt_choice_letter |
| dtype: string |
| - name: task |
| dtype: string |
| - name: scenario |
| dtype: string |
| - name: n_icl_examples |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: icl_metadata |
| dtype: string |
| - name: icl_image_0 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_1 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_2 |
| dtype: image |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 1244099842 |
| num_examples: 500 |
| download_size: 1190169899 |
| dataset_size: 1244099842 |
| - config_name: grounding_task_b_icl_within |
| features: |
| - name: test_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: target_coord |
| dtype: string |
| - name: target_letter |
| dtype: string |
| - name: choices |
| dtype: string |
| - name: gt_choice_letter |
| dtype: string |
| - name: task |
| dtype: string |
| - name: scenario |
| dtype: string |
| - name: n_icl_examples |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: icl_metadata |
| dtype: string |
| - name: icl_image_0 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_1 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_2 |
| dtype: image |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 1242524691 |
| num_examples: 500 |
| download_size: 1178307472 |
| dataset_size: 1242524691 |
| - config_name: grounding_task_b_zero_shot |
| features: |
| - name: test_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: target_coord |
| dtype: string |
| - name: target_letter |
| dtype: string |
| - name: choices |
| dtype: string |
| - name: gt_choice_letter |
| dtype: string |
| - name: task |
| dtype: string |
| - name: scenario |
| dtype: string |
| - name: n_icl_examples |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: icl_metadata |
| dtype: string |
| - name: icl_image_0 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_1 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_2 |
| dtype: image |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 414307752 |
| num_examples: 500 |
| download_size: 392578566 |
| dataset_size: 414307752 |
| - config_name: task1_image |
| features: |
| - name: test_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: grounding_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: gt_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: assembly_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: assembly_description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: error_case |
| dtype: string |
| - name: normal_case_base |
| dtype: string |
| - name: normal_ref_images |
| sequence: image |
| - name: icl_ori_images |
| sequence: image |
| - name: icl_grounding_images |
| sequence: image |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 2798691043 |
| num_examples: 451 |
| download_size: 503903932 |
| dataset_size: 2798691043 |
| - config_name: task1_three_view |
| features: |
| - name: test_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: gt_parts |
| dtype: string |
| - name: query_description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: scenario_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: error_case |
| dtype: string |
| - name: normal_ref_images |
| sequence: image |
| - name: icl_images |
| sequence: image |
| - name: icl_gt_letters |
| sequence: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 284294342 |
| num_examples: 496 |
| download_size: 102854693 |
| dataset_size: 284294342 |
| - config_name: task2_three_view |
| features: |
| - name: test_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: defect_type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: is_normal |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: component_type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: component_description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: normal_ref_images |
| sequence: image |
| - name: icl_images |
| sequence: image |
| - name: icl_defect_types |
| sequence: string |
| - name: icl_is_normal |
| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 3892767363 |
| num_examples: 830 |
| download_size: 2404052070 |
| dataset_size: 3892767363 |
| - config_name: task3_image |
| features: |
| - name: test_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: grounding_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: assembly_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: assembly_description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: error_case |
| dtype: string |
| - name: normal_case_base |
| dtype: string |
| - name: n_normal_refs |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: n_icl_examples |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: ref_image_0 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: ref_image_1 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: ref_image_2 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: ref_image_3 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: ref_image_4 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_ori_image_0 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_grounding_image_0 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_ori_image_1 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_grounding_image_1 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_ori_image_2 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_grounding_image_2 |
| dtype: image |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 5289841601 |
| num_examples: 857 |
| download_size: 900918270 |
| dataset_size: 5289841601 |
| - config_name: task3_missing_part_image |
| features: |
| - name: test_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: assembly_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: assembly_description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: choices_text |
| dtype: string |
| - name: gt_letter |
| dtype: string |
| - name: gt_answer |
| dtype: string |
| - name: mcq_mapping |
| dtype: string |
| - name: error_case |
| dtype: string |
| - name: scenario |
| dtype: string |
| - name: n_normal_refs |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: n_icl_examples |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: icl_gt_letters |
| dtype: string |
| - name: ref_image_0 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: ref_image_1 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: ref_image_2 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: ref_image_3 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: ref_image_4 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_0 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_1 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_2 |
| dtype: image |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 1145957667 |
| num_examples: 240 |
| download_size: 739016032 |
| dataset_size: 1145957667 |
| - config_name: task3_missing_part_three_view |
| features: |
| - name: test_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: assembly_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: assembly_description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: choices_text |
| dtype: string |
| - name: gt_letter |
| dtype: string |
| - name: gt_answer |
| dtype: string |
| - name: mcq_mapping |
| dtype: string |
| - name: error_case |
| dtype: string |
| - name: scenario |
| dtype: string |
| - name: n_normal_refs |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: n_icl_examples |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: icl_gt_letters |
| dtype: string |
| - name: ref_image_0 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: ref_image_1 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: ref_image_2 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: ref_image_3 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: ref_image_4 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_0 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_1 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_2 |
| dtype: image |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 74622484 |
| num_examples: 137 |
| download_size: 38017522 |
| dataset_size: 74622484 |
| - config_name: task3_three_view |
| features: |
| - name: test_image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: gt_parts |
| dtype: string |
| - name: query_description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: scenario_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: error_case |
| dtype: string |
| - name: n_normal_refs |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: n_icl_examples |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: icl_gt_letters |
| dtype: string |
| - name: ref_image_0 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: ref_image_1 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: ref_image_2 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: ref_image_3 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: ref_image_4 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_0 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_1 |
| dtype: image |
| - name: icl_image_2 |
| dtype: image |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 198269281 |
| num_examples: 309 |
| download_size: 76367968 |
| dataset_size: 198269281 |
| configs: |
| - config_name: grounding_cross_coord_to_coord |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: grounding_cross_coord_to_coord/train-* |
| - config_name: grounding_cross_letter_to_letter |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: grounding_cross_letter_to_letter/train-* |
| - config_name: grounding_task_a_icl_outside |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: grounding_task_a_icl_outside/train-* |
| - config_name: grounding_task_a_icl_within |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: grounding_task_a_icl_within/train-* |
| - config_name: grounding_task_a_zero_shot |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: grounding_task_a_zero_shot/train-* |
| - config_name: grounding_task_b_icl_outside |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: grounding_task_b_icl_outside/train-* |
| - config_name: grounding_task_b_icl_within |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: grounding_task_b_icl_within/train-* |
| - config_name: grounding_task_b_zero_shot |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: grounding_task_b_zero_shot/train-* |
| - config_name: task1_image |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: task1_image/train-* |
| - config_name: task1_three_view |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: task1_three_view/train-* |
| - config_name: task2_three_view |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: task2_three_view/train-* |
| - config_name: task3_image |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: task3_image/train-* |
| - config_name: task3_missing_part_image |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: task3_missing_part_image/train-* |
| - config_name: task3_missing_part_three_view |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: task3_missing_part_three_view/train-* |
| - config_name: task3_three_view |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: task3_three_view/train-* |
| license: mit |
| task_categories: |
| - question-answering |
| - image-text-to-text |
| - visual-question-answering |
| language: |
| - en |
| tags: |
| - Manufacturing |
| - 3D |
| - Industry |
| - Engineering |
| pretty_name: Forge |
| size_categories: |
| - 1K<n<10K |
| --- |
| |
|
|
| <div align="center"> |
| <h1> |
| <!-- <img src="forge_icon.png" alt="FORGE Logo" height="20" style="vertical-align:middle; margin-right:10px;" /> --> |
| FORGE: Fine-grained Multimodal Evaluation for Manufacturing Scenarios |
| </h1> |
| </div> |
| |
| <p align="center"> |
| 🌐 <a href="https://ai4manufacturing.github.io/forge-web/">Website</a> | 📑 <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.07413">Paper</a> | 💻 <a href="https://github.com/AI4Manufacturing/FORGE">Code</a> | 🤗 <a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/AI4Manufacturing/forge">Dataset</a> |
| </p> |
|
|
| <div align="center"> |
| <img src="pipeline.png" width="100%" alt="FORGE Pipeline Overview"> |
| </div> |
|
|
|
|
| ## Quick Start |
|
|
| ```python |
| from datasets import load_dataset |
| |
| ds = load_dataset("AI4Manufacturing/forge", "task1_three_view", split="train") |
| print(ds[0].keys()) |
| ds[0]["test_image"] # PIL Image |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Configs |
|
|
| ### Core Tasks |
|
|
| | Config | Cases | Task | Modality | |
| |--------|------:|------|----------| |
| | `task1_image` | 451 | Wrong model detection (MCQ) | Photo | |
| | `task1_three_view` | 496 | Wrong model detection (letter) | Three-View | |
| | `task2_three_view` | 830 | Anomaly classification (normal + defect type) | Three-View | |
| | `task3_image` | 857 | Extra/wrong part detection (MCQ) | Photo | |
| | `task3_three_view` | 309 | Extra/wrong part detection (letter) | Three-View | |
| | `task3_missing_part_image` | 240 | Missing part identification (MCQ) | Photo | |
| | `task3_missing_part_three_view` | 137 | Missing part identification (MCQ) | Three-View | |
|
|
| ### Grounding Ablation (Single-Image) |
|
|
| | Config | Cases | Description | |
| |--------|------:|-------------| |
| | `grounding_task_a_zero_shot` | 500 | Coord → Letter, zero-shot | |
| | `grounding_task_a_icl_within` | 500 | Coord → Letter, ICL (same image) | |
| | `grounding_task_a_icl_outside` | 500 | Coord → Letter, ICL (cross image) | |
| | `grounding_task_b_zero_shot` | 500 | Letter → Coord, zero-shot | |
| | `grounding_task_b_icl_within` | 500 | Letter → Coord, ICL (same image) | |
| | `grounding_task_b_icl_outside` | 500 | Letter → Coord, ICL (cross image) | |
|
|
| ### Grounding Ablation (Cross-Image) |
|
|
| | Config | Cases | Description | |
| |--------|------:|-------------| |
| | `grounding_cross_letter_to_letter` | 513 | Match parts by letter across images | |
| | `grounding_cross_coord_to_coord` | 513 | Match parts by coordinate across images | |
|
|
| **Total: 6,846 cases across 15 configs** |
|
|
| ## Data Fields |
|
|
| Each row is self-contained with all images embedded. Unused image slots hold a 1x1 placeholder. Use `n_normal_refs` / `n_icl_examples` to know how many are real. |
|
|
| **Task 1/3 Image** -- `test_image`, `grounding_image`, `assembly_name`, `assembly_description`, `error_case`, `ref_image_0..4`, `icl_ori_image_0..2`, `icl_grounding_image_0..2`, `n_normal_refs`, `n_icl_examples` |
|
|
| **Task 1/3 Three-View** -- `test_image`, `gt_parts` (JSON), `query_description`, `scenario_name`, `error_case`, `ref_image_0..4`, `icl_image_0..2`, `icl_gt_letters` (JSON), `n_normal_refs`, `n_icl_examples` |
|
|
| **Task 2 Three-View** -- `test_image`, `defect_type`, `is_normal`, `component_type`, `component_description`, `ref_image_0..4`, `icl_image_0..2`, `icl_metadata` (JSON), `n_normal_refs`, `n_icl_examples` |
|
|
| **Missing Part** -- `test_image`, `assembly_name`, `assembly_description`, `choices_text`, `gt_letter`, `gt_answer`, `mcq_mapping` (JSON), `ref_image_0..4`, `icl_image_0..2`, `icl_gt_letters` (JSON), `n_normal_refs`, `n_icl_examples` |
|
|
| **Grounding (single)** -- `test_image`, `target_coord` (JSON), `target_letter`, `choices` (JSON), `gt_choice_letter`, `icl_image_0..2`, `icl_metadata` (JSON), `n_icl_examples` |
|
|
| **Grounding (cross)** -- `ref_image`, `test_image`, `ref_hint`, `ref_hint_coord` (JSON), `test_choices` (JSON), `test_mcq_options` (JSON), `gt_answer` |
|
|
| ## Evaluation Code |
|
|
| See the [FORGE GitHub repo](https://github.com/AI4Manufacturing/FORGE) for the full evaluation toolkit supporting OpenRouter, OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, and vLLM backends. |
|
|
| ## Citation |
|
|
| ```bibtex |
| @misc{jian2026forge, |
| title={FORGE:Fine-grained Multimodal Evaluation for Manufacturing Scenarios}, |
| author={Xiangru Jian and Hao Xu and Wei Pang and Xinjian Zhao and Chengyu Tao and Qixin Zhang and Xikun Zhang and Chao Zhang and Guanzhi Deng and Alex Xue and Juan Du and Tianshu Yu and Garth Tarr and Linqi Song and Qiuzhuang Sun and Dacheng Tao}, |
| year={2026}, |
| eprint={2604.07413}, |
| archivePrefix={arXiv}, |
| primaryClass={cs.CV}, |
| url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.07413}, |
| } |
| ``` |
