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O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | Low fertility which increases the need for sex selection by reducing the probability of having a daughter in smaller families. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | The United Nations Population Fund states that “Local fertility restrictions and spontaneous rapid fertility decline below replacement levels tend to compel parents who want both a son and a small family size to resort to sex selection.”[1] | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | Preference for sex of child | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | In many cultures, male offspring are desired in order to inherit property, carry on the family name and to provide support for parents in old age. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | In countries such as India, China, Indonesia and Nepal sons have been favored over daughters [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | According to a 2011 Gallup poll, American parents favor boys by a 40% to 28% margin. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | The results were similar to a survey in 1941, when Americans preferred a boy to a girl by a 38% to 24% margin. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | The overall preference was driven by men, of whom 49% preferred a son compared to 22% who preferred a daughter. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | Men's preference for sons was most pronounced among men aged 18 to 29. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | Women, on the other hand, showed no preference for either sex, with 33% stating that they preferred a girl and 31% responding that they favored a boy [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
C | Should we abandon the one-child policy | E | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | 1_1 | C-3|E-B-3 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | Cultural son preference | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | Main article: Son preference in China | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | World map of birth sex ratios, 2012 | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | 1_1 | C-0 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | Image shows a community bulletin board in Nonguang Village, Sichuan province, China, keeping track of the town's female population, listing recent births by name and noting that several thousand yuan of fines for unauthorized births remain unpaid from the previous year. | 1_1 | E-B-0 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | There is a preference of parents to have a son over a daughter in many countries [ref]. | 1_1 | E-B-0 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | This can be observed through sex ratios of children in various countries [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | Although biologically the sex ratio of children is around 95 girls to every 100 boys, this number generally evens out due to the higher infant mortality rate of boy infants [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | Scholars argue that the expected birth sex ratio in a normal population is in the range of 103 to 107 males to females at birth [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | However, in a number of countries of South Asia, East Asia and the Caucasus, the sex ratio of children is severely distorted [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | In countries such as India, China, Indonesia and Nepal sons have been favored over daughters [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | According to a 2011 Gallup poll, American parents favor boys by a 40% to 28% margin. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | The results were similar to a survey in 1941, when Americans preferred a boy to a girl by a 38% to 24% margin. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | The overall preference was driven by men, of whom 49% preferred a son compared to 22% who preferred a daughter. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | Men's preference for sons was most pronounced among men aged 18 to 29. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | Women, on the other hand, showed no preference for either sex, with 33% stating that they preferred a girl and 31% responding that they favored a boy [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | A 2009 study at the University of Ulster found that having sisters, as compared to brothers, can enhance the quality of an adult's life [ref]. | 1_1 | C-3|E-B-3 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | Cultural son preference | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | Main article: Son preference in China | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | World map of birth sex ratios, 2012 | 1_1 | O |
C | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | 1_1 | C-0 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | E | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | Image shows a community bulletin board in Nonguang Village, Sichuan province, China, keeping track of the town's female population, listing recent births by name and noting that several thousand yuan of fines for unauthorized births remain unpaid from the previous year. | 1_1 | E-B-0 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | E | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | There is a preference of parents to have a son over a daughter in many countries [ref]. | 1_1 | E-B-0 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | This can be observed through sex ratios of children in various countries [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | Although biologically the sex ratio of children is around 95 girls to every 100 boys, this number generally evens out due to the higher infant mortality rate of boy infants [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | Scholars argue that the expected birth sex ratio in a normal population is in the range of 103 to 107 males to females at birth [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | However, in a number of countries of South Asia, East Asia and the Caucasus, the sex ratio of children is severely distorted [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | The problem is particularly severe in China and India. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | The preference for sons over daughters can be connected to a number of reasons. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | In these countries, it is argued that son preference is linked to factors including economics, religion, and culture [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | Having a son ensures that families are more economically secure by not having to provide dowry payments, but rather being on the receiving end of this practice [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | In China, the one child policy has contributed to the sex imbalance, while the dowry system in India is responsible for a strong son preference. | 1_1 | C-1 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | Furthermore, in countries where there are discriminatory practices regarding women inheriting, owning, or controlling land by law, having a son ensures that the family will not have to worry about the legal aftermath if something were to happen to them [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | It can also be argued that parents in these countries are aware of the potential hardship their daughter would have to endure in her lifetime, and therefore prefer to have a son in order not to see their daughter endure such difficulties. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The one child policy in China has contributed to the imbalanced sex ratios. | Many times this son preference results in female foeticide and pre-natal sex selection [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | Post-conceptual selection by preimplantation testing (PGD) also involves preferential use of embryos, and termination of pregnancy for gender selection also raises many ethical questions of the abortion debate. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | Demographic concerns | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | In addition to the ethical concerns mentioned, issues of demographics arise in societies where social sex selection is common. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | A society may exhibit a widespread bias towards having children of a specific gender, either due to cultural biases or economic concerns (e.g. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | male children may be more employable in the future and thus provide more financial support). | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | When combined with frequent social sex selection, this bias may produce a gender imbalance that has undesirable consequences. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | This phenomenon has been observed in many nations in the Far East, such as India and China, where social sex selection has produced unnaturally high male/female ratios in the population. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | Couples in these areas use reproductive technologies to choose the sex of their children, which ultimately leads to a skew the human sex ratio toward a disproportionately male population [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | Sex selection has also been detected in several countries of Eastern Europe such as Albania or Azerbaijan [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | A 2012 report by UNFPA estimates that the total gender gap due to prenatal and postnatal gender discrimination amounts to 117 million women [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | China's gender imbalance is further increased by the One Child Policy, although applicable only in most urban populations. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | In these nations, a lack of opportunity for many men to marry is believed to be producing increases in crime, demand for prostitution, mass emigration, and the selling of brides [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
C | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | 1_1 | C-2 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | E | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | Chinese government reports show that the sex ratio for newborns is 118:100 (boys:girls), higher in rural areas such as Guangdong and Hainan (130:100) compared to the average of 104:100 in developed countries. | 1_1 | E-B-2 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | E | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | It is believed that the ratio would increase further to the point that, by 2020, men of marriageable age would be unable to find mates, resulting in large social problems [ref]. | 1_1 | E-I-2 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | Some nations, such as India, have attempted to curtail these gender imbalances with criminal statutes. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | In contrast, bioethicist Jacob Appel of New York University has argued that governments should pay couples to choose to have female children. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | According to Professor Appel, if female babies [were] worth their weight in rupees and yuan, economic and educational opportunities for girls would soon follow. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | [citation needed] | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | In contrast, actual experience in Western cultures provides no evidence for any degree of gender imbalance from technologies which have long been available and legal – such as selective abortion or preimplantation embryo testing. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | When used for family balancing indications in such countries as the United States, pre-conceptual sex selection is widely sought without any preferential selection of males. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | A 1993 survey of more than 2300 pregnant women in the British population found no overall preference for either sex. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | These findings are largely consistent with other surveys conducted in the US [ref]. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | Thus the right of individual families to determine whether or not to balance gender of offspring in their families is not and will not become, in many countries, a demographic issue. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | Furthermore, in countries where such demographic issues exist because of strong gender preferences in a segment of the population, regulatory and legal control of, without denial of access to, sperm sorting technology can be utilized to provide individuals with choices while ensuring that equal numbers of boys and girls are produced for population demographic equality. | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | China's 'one child family' policy is considered largely responsible for the substantial imbalance of the sex ratio [ref]. | [citation needed] | 1_1 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | During the 1970s, Chinese citizens were permitted to have only one child [ref]. | 1_4 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | The ongoing Cultural Revolution and the strain it placed on the nation were large factors. | 1_4 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | During this time, the birth rate dropped from nearly 6 children per woman to just under 3 [ref]. | 1_4 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | (The colloquial term births per woman is usually formalized as the Total Fertility Rate (TFR), a technical term in demographic analysis meaning the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if she were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates through her lifetime.) | 1_4 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | E | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | As China's youngest generation (born under the one-child policy, which first became a requirement for most couples in 1979) came of age for formation of the next generation, a single child would be left with having to provide support for his or her two parents and four grandparents. | 1_4 | E-B-0 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | E | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | In response to this issue, by 2009 all provinces allowed couples to have two children if both parents were only children themselves [ref]. | 1_4 | E-I-0 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | E | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | After a policy change of the Chinese government in late 2013, most Chinese provinces further relaxed the policy in 2014 by allowing families to have two children if one of the parents is an only child [ref]. | 1_4 | E-I-0 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | Han Chinese living in rural areas were often permitted to have two children, as exceptions existed if the first child was a daughter [ref]. | 1_4 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | Because of cases such as these, as well as urban couples who simply paid a fine (or social maintenance fee) to have more children [ref], the overall fertility rate of mainland China is, in fact, closer to two children per family than to one child per family (1.8). | 1_4 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | In addition, since 2012, Han Chinese in southern Xinjiang were allowed to have two children. | 1_4 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | This, along with incentives and restrictions against higher Muslim Uyghur fertility, was seen as attempt to counter the threat of Uyghur separatism [ref]. | 1_4 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | On 29 October 2015, Xinhua reported the change in the existing law to a two-child policy citing a statement from the Communist Party of China [ref]. | 1_4 | O |
C | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | 1_4 | C-0 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | On 27 December 2015, the new law was passed in the session of the National People's Congress Standing Committee, which governs country's laws, effective from 1 January 2016 [ref]. | 1_4 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | In 2018, about two years after the new policy reform, China is facing new ramifications from the two-child policy. | 1_4 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | Since the revision of the one-child policy, 90 million women have become eligible to have a second child [ref]. | 1_4 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | According to The Economist, the new two-child policy may have negative implications on gender roles, with new expectations for women to bear more children and to abandon their careers [ref]. | 1_4 | C-1|E-B-1 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | After the reform, China saw a short-lived boost in fertility rate for 2016. | 1_4 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | Chinese women gave birth to 17.9 million babies in 2016 (a record value in the 21st century), but the number of births declined by 3.5% to 17.2 million in 2017 [ref], and to 15.2 million in 2018 [ref]. | 1_4 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | In China, men still have greater marital power, which increases fertility pressure on their female partners [ref]. | 1_4 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | The dynamic of relationships (amount of power held by each parent), and the amount of resources each parent has contributes to the struggle for dominance [ref]. | 1_4 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | Resources would be items such as income, and health insurance. | 1_4 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | Dominance would be described as who has the final say in pregnancy, who has to resign in their career for maternal/parental leave. | 1_4 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | The new policy allowing Chinese couples to have two children was proposed in order to help address the aging issue in China [ref]. | However, women have shown interest in a second child if the first child did not possess the desired gender [ref]. | 1_4 | O |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | According to The Economist, the new two-child policy may have negative implications on gender roles, with new expectations for women to bear more children and to abandon their careers [ref]. | As China's youngest generation (born under the one-child policy, which first became a requirement for most couples in 1979) came of age for formation of the next generation, a single child would be left with having to provide support for his or her two parents and four grandparents. | 1_4 | E-B-0 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | According to The Economist, the new two-child policy may have negative implications on gender roles, with new expectations for women to bear more children and to abandon their careers [ref]. | In response to this issue, by 2009 all provinces allowed couples to have two children if both parents were only children themselves [ref]. | 1_4 | E-I-0 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | According to The Economist, the new two-child policy may have negative implications on gender roles, with new expectations for women to bear more children and to abandon their careers [ref]. | After a policy change of the Chinese government in late 2013, most Chinese provinces further relaxed the policy in 2014 by allowing families to have two children if one of the parents is an only child [ref]. | 1_4 | E-I-0 |
O | Should we abandon the one-child policy | O | According to The Economist, the new two-child policy may have negative implications on gender roles, with new expectations for women to bear more children and to abandon their careers [ref]. | Han Chinese living in rural areas were often permitted to have two children, as exceptions existed if the first child was a daughter [ref]. | 1_4 | O |
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