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"April is the fourth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, and comes between March and May. It is one of four months to have 30 days.\n\nApril always begins on the same day of week as July, and additionally, January in leap years. April always ends on the same day of the week as December.\n\nApril's flowers are the Sweet Pea and Daisy. Its birthstone is the diamond. The meaning of the diamond is innocence.\n\nThe Month \n\nApril comes between March and May, making it the fourth month of
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is innocence.\n\nThe Month \n\nApril comes between March and May, making it the fourth month of the year. It also comes first in the year out of the four months that have 30 days, as June, September and November are later in the year.\n\nApril begins on the same day of the week as July every year and on the same day of the week as January in leap years. April ends on the same day of the week as December every year, as each other's last days are exactly 35 weeks (245 days) apart.\n\nIn common years, April
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year, as each other's last days are exactly 35 weeks (245 days) apart.\n\nIn common years, April starts on the same day of the week as October of the previous year, and in leap years, May of the previous year. In common years, April finishes on the same day of the week as July of the previous year, and in leap years, February and October of the previous year. In common years immediately after other common years, April starts on the same day of the week as January of the previous year, and in leap years and
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April starts on the same day of the week as January of the previous year, and in leap years and years immediately after that, April finishes on the same day of the week as January of the previous year.\n\nIn years immediately before common years, April starts on the same day of the week as September and December of the following year, and in years immediately before leap years, June of the following year. In years immediately before common years, April finishes on the same day of the week as September of
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years immediately before common years, April finishes on the same day of the week as September of the following year, and in years immediately before leap years, March and June of the following year.\n\nApril is a spring month in the Northern Hemisphere and an autumn/fall month in the Southern Hemisphere. In each hemisphere, it is the seasonal equivalent of October in the other.\n\nIt is unclear as to where April got its name. A common theory is that it comes from the Latin word \"aperire\", meaning \"to
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April got its name. A common theory is that it comes from the Latin word \"aperire\", meaning \"to open\", referring to flowers opening in spring. Another theory is that the name could come from Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love. It was originally the second month in the old Roman Calendar, before the start of the new year was put to January 1.\n\nQuite a few festivals are held in this month. In many Southeast Asian cultures, new year is celebrated in this month (including Songkran). In Western
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Southeast Asian cultures, new year is celebrated in this month (including Songkran). In Western Christianity, Easter can be celebrated on a Sunday between March 22 and April 25. In Orthodox Christianity, it can fall between April 4 and May 8. At the end of the month, Central and Northern European cultures celebrate Walpurgis Night on April 30, marking the transition from winter into summer.\n\nApril in poetry \nPoets use April to mean the end of winter. For example: April showers bring May
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in poetry \nPoets use April to mean the end of winter. For example: April showers bring May flowers.\n\nEvents in April\n\nFixed Events \n\n April 1 - April Fools' Day\n April 1 - Islamic Republic Day (Iran)\n April 2 - International Children's Book Day\n April 2 - Thai Heritage and Conservation Day\n April 2 - World Autism Awareness Day\n April 2 - Malvinas Day (Argentina)\n April 4 - Independence Day (Senegal)\n April 4 - International Day for Landmine Awareness and Assistance\n April 4 - Peace Day
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(Senegal)\n April 4 - International Day for Landmine Awareness and Assistance\n April 4 - Peace Day (Angola)\n April 5 - End of Tax Year (United Kingdom)\n April 6 - Tartan Day (Canada and United States)\n April 6 - Chakri Day (Thailand)\n April 7 - Day of Maternity and Beauty (Armenia)\n April 7 - Genocide Memorial Day (Rwanda)\n April 7 - World Health Day\n April 7 - Women's Day (Mozambique)\n April 8 - Buddha's Birthday (Buddhism)\n April 9 - Martyrs' Day (Tunisia)\n April 9 - Day of National Unity
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- Buddha's Birthday (Buddhism)\n April 9 - Martyrs' Day (Tunisia)\n April 9 - Day of National Unity (Georgia)\n April 9 - Day of the Finnish language\n April 12 - Cosmonauts' Day (Russia), marking the day of Yuri Gagarin's space flight\n April 13 - Songkan (Laos), local New Year celebration\n April 13 - Cambodian New Year\n April 13 - Thomas Jefferson's Birthday (United States)\n April 14 - Southeast Asian New Year festivals, including Songkran\n April 14 - Georgian language Day\n April 14 - Youth Day
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New Year festivals, including Songkran\n April 14 - Georgian language Day\n April 14 - Youth Day (Angola)\n April 14 - Ambedkar Tayanti (India)\n April 14 - Pan-American Day\n April 15 - Tax Day (United States)\n April 15 - Kim Il-Sung's Birthday (North Korea)\n April 15 - Father Damien Day (Hawaii)\n April 15 - Jackie Robinson Day (Major League Baseball)\n April 16 - Birthday of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark\n April 16 - Emancipation Day (Washington, DC)\n April 16 - World Voice Day\n April 16 - Selena
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April 16 - Emancipation Day (Washington, DC)\n April 16 - World Voice Day\n April 16 - Selena Day (Texas)\n April 17 - National Day of Syria\n April 17 - Flag Day (American Samoa)\n April 17 - Women's Day (Gabon)\n April 17 - World Hemophilia Day\n April 18 - Independence Day (Zimbabwe)\n April 18 - Invention Day (Japan)\n April 18 - International Day of Monuments and Sites\n April 19 - Bicycle Day\n April 19 - Dutch-American Friendship Day\n April 19 - Birthday of King Mswati III of Swaziland\n April 19 -
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- Dutch-American Friendship Day\n April 19 - Birthday of King Mswati III of Swaziland\n April 19 - Patriots' Day (Massachusetts, Maine, Wisconsin)\n April 20 - 4/20 in Cannabis Culture\n April 21 - John Muir Day (California)\n April 21 - San Jacinto Day (Texas)\n April 21 - Kartini Day (Indonesia)\n April 21 - National Tree Planting Day (Kenya)\n April 21 - First Day of Ridran (Baha'i faith)\n April 21 - Grounation Day (Rastafari movement)\n April 22 - Earth Day\n April 22 - Discovery Day (Brazil)\n April
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Day (Rastafari movement)\n April 22 - Earth Day\n April 22 - Discovery Day (Brazil)\n April 23 - Saint George's Day, celebrating the patron saint of several countries, regions and cities (including England and Catalonia)\n April 23 - World Book Day\n April 23 - National Sovereignty and Children's Day (Turkey)\n April 24 - Democracy Day (Nepal)\n April 24 - Genocide Day (Armenia)\n April 24 - Republic Day (the Gambia)\n April 25 - Australia and New Zealand celebrate ANZAC Day. ANZAC means Australian and
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Gambia)\n April 25 - Australia and New Zealand celebrate ANZAC Day. ANZAC means Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, and began in 1915.\n April 25 - World DNA Day\n April 25 - World Malaria Day\n April 25 - Flag Day (Swaziland, Faroe Islands)\n April 25 - Freedom Day (Portugal)\n April 25 - Liberation Day (Italy)\n April 25 - Army Day (North Korea)\n April 26 - Union Day (Tanzania)\n April 26 - Confederate Memorial Day (Texas, Florida)\n April 27 - Independence Day (Sierra Leone and Togo)\n April 27 -
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Memorial Day (Texas, Florida)\n April 27 - Independence Day (Sierra Leone and Togo)\n April 27 - Freedom Day (South Africa)\n April 27 - World Tapir Day\n April 27 - King's Day (Netherlands) from 2014, birthday of Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands\n April 28 - Workers Memorial Day\n April 28 - National Day (Sardinia)\n April 28 - National Heroes Day (Barbados)\n April 29 - Showa Day (Japan), birthday of Emperor Hirohito, who died in 1989\n April 29 - International Dance Day\n April 30 - Former Queen's
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Emperor Hirohito, who died in 1989\n April 29 - International Dance Day\n April 30 - Former Queen's Day Holiday in the Netherlands (changed to King's Day, April 27 in 2014), was the birthday of former Queen Juliana of the Netherlands\n April 30 - Flag Day in Sweden (birthday of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden)\n April 30 - International Jazz Day\n April 30 - Walpurgis Night (Central and Northern Europe)\n\nMoveable Events \n\n Easter-related events in Western Christianity:\n Palm Sunday (between March 15
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Events \n\n Easter-related events in Western Christianity:\n Palm Sunday (between March 15 and April 18)\n Maundy Thursday (between March 19 and April 22)\n Good Friday (between March 20 and April 23)\n Easter Sunday (between March 22 and April 25)\n Easter Monday (between March 23 and April 26)\n Eastern Orthodox Easter falls between April 4 and May 8.\n Ascension Day (Western Christianity), falls between April 30 and June 3.\n Jewish Passover - falls in the same week as Western Christianity's Holy Week,
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30 and June 3.\n Jewish Passover - falls in the same week as Western Christianity's Holy Week, which is the week leading up to Easter.\n Mother's Day (UK) falls between March 1 and April 4.\n World Snooker Championship (late April, early May)\n Horse racing - Grand National (UK), Kentucky Derby (United States)\n Start of Daylight Saving Time - Clocks going forward one hour:\n Most of Mexico\n Morocco (Ramadan does not include Daylight Saving Time)\n End of Daylight Saving Time - Clocks going back one
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does not include Daylight Saving Time)\n End of Daylight Saving Time - Clocks going back one hour:\n Southeast Australia, and New Zealand\n Chile\n Marathon Events in the following cities:\n Belgrade, Serbia\n Boston, Massachusetts, United States\n Brighton, United Kingdom\n Enschede, Netherlands\n London, United Kingdom\n Madrid, Spain\n Paris, France\n Rotterdam, Netherlands\n Utrecht, Netherlands\n Zurich, Switzerland\n\nSelection of Historical Events \n\n April 1, 1918 - The Royal Air Force is
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Zurich, Switzerland\n\nSelection of Historical Events \n\n April 1, 1918 - The Royal Air Force is founded.\n April 1, 1976 - Apple Inc. is founded.\n April 1, 1979 - The Islamic Republic of Iran is founded.\n April 1, 1999 - The territory of Nunavut is created in Northern Canada.\n April 1, 2001 - The Netherlands introduces same-sex marriage, as the first country to do so.\n April 2, 1519 - Florida is sighted by a European for the first time.\n April 2, 1930 - Haile Selassie becomes Emperor of Ethiopia.\n
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by a European for the first time.\n April 2, 1930 - Haile Selassie becomes Emperor of Ethiopia.\n April 2, 1982 - Start of the Falklands War, as Argentine forces land on the Falkland Islands.\n April 2, 2005 - Pope John Paul II dies aged 84, after 26-and-a-half years as Pope.\n April 3, 1973 - The first-ever mobile phone call is placed by Martin Cooper in New York City.\n April 4, 1721 - Robert Walpole becomes the first Prime Minister of Great Britain.\n April 4, 1841 - William Henry Harrison dies. He was
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the first Prime Minister of Great Britain.\n April 4, 1841 - William Henry Harrison dies. He was President of the United States for 31 days, the shortest-ever time in office for a US President.\n April 4, 1960 - Senegal becomes independent.\n April 4, 1968 - Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. in Memphis, Tennessee.\n April 5, 1722 - Jacob Roggeveen becomes the first European to land on Easter Island, landing there on Easter Sunday.\n April 6, 1320 - Scotland's independence is confirmed with the
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landing there on Easter Sunday.\n April 6, 1320 - Scotland's independence is confirmed with the Declaration of Arbroath.\n April 6, 1830 - The Mormon Church is founded.\n April 6, 1909 - Robert Peary claims to have been first at the North Pole on this date.\n April 7, 1994 - The Rwandan Genocide begins.\n April 9, 1865 - American Civil War: Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee surrender to Union forces.\n April 9, 1940 - World War II: Denmark and Norway are invaded by Nazi Germany.\n April 9, 1989 -
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April 9, 1940 - World War II: Denmark and Norway are invaded by Nazi Germany.\n April 9, 1989 - April 9 tragedy: In Tbilisi, Georgia, a peaceful demonstration for independence is broken up by the Soviet Army, killing 20 people. The country gains independence on this date exactly two years later.\n April 10, 1815 - Mount Tambora in Indonesia erupts in a huge eruption, affecting the world's climate for at least a year.\n April 10, 2010 - A plane crash near Smolensk, Russia, kills several people who were
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least a year.\n April 10, 2010 - A plane crash near Smolensk, Russia, kills several people who were important in Poland, including President Lech Kaczynski.\n April 11, 1814 - Napoleon Bonaparte is exiled to the island of Elba.\n April 11, 1954 - Said to have been the most boring day of the 20th century.\n April 12, 1861 - The American Civil War begins at Fort Sumter, Charleston, South Carolina.\n April 12, 1945 - US President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies, and Harry S. Truman replaces him.\n April 12, 1961 -
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- US President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies, and Harry S. Truman replaces him.\n April 12, 1961 - Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to fly into space.\n April 14, 1865 - US President Abraham Lincoln is shot dead at Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln dies the next day.\n April 14, 2010 - Qinghai Province, China, is hit by an earthquake, killing tens of thousands of people.\n April 14, 2010 - The eruption of Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland shuts down air traffic around Europe for a week, due to its
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eruption of Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland shuts down air traffic around Europe for a week, due to its ash cloud.\n April 15, 1912 - The ship RMS Titanic sinks near Newfoundland after hitting an iceberg, resulting in the deaths of many of the people on board.\n April 16, 1943 - Albert Hofmann discovers LSD's effects.\n April 17, 1946 - Syria gains full independence from France.\n April 18, 1906 - 1906 San Francisco earthquake: San Francisco, California, is hit by a big earthquake, resulting in fires that
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earthquake: San Francisco, California, is hit by a big earthquake, resulting in fires that destroy large parts of the city.\n April 18, 1980 - Zimbabwe gains full independence.\n April 19, 1897 - The first Boston Marathon is held.\n April 19, 1971 - Sierra Leone becomes a republic.\n April 19, 1993 - The siege of the Branch Davidians at Waco, Texas, ends in a fire that kills 82 people.\n April 19, 1995 - Timothy McVeigh carries out the Oklahoma City bombing, killing 169 people.\n April 19, 2005 - Joseph
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McVeigh carries out the Oklahoma City bombing, killing 169 people.\n April 19, 2005 - Joseph Alois Ratzinger becomes Pope Benedict XVI.\n April 20, 1902 - Marie Curie and Pierre Curie refine Radium.\n April 20, 2010 - Deepwater Horizon oil spill: A massive fire on the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico kills 11 workers and causes a massive oil spill, the worst spill in US history.\n April 21, 753 BC - Legendary founding date of Rome\n April 21, 1509 - Henry VIII of England becomes King.\n
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753 BC - Legendary founding date of Rome\n April 21, 1509 - Henry VIII of England becomes King.\n April 21, 1908 - Frederick Cook claims to have reached the North Pole on this date.\n April 22, 1502 - Pedro Alvares Cabral becomes the first European to reach present-day Brazil.\n April 22, 1970 - Earth Day is observed for the first time.\n April 23, 1533 - The Church of England declares that Henry VIII of England and Catherine of Aragon are not married.\n April 24, 1916 - The Easter Rising occurs in Dublin,
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and Catherine of Aragon are not married.\n April 24, 1916 - The Easter Rising occurs in Dublin, Ireland.\n April 24, 1990 - The Hubble Space Telescope is launched on the Space Shuttle Discovery.\n April 25, 1915 - World War I: In Turkey, the Battle of Gallipoli begins, Australian, French, British and New Zealand forces land at Anzac cove.\n April 25, 1974 - Portugal's dictatorship is overthrown in a coup, in what is known as the Carnation Revolution.\n April 26, 1937 - Spanish Civil War: German planes bomb
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what is known as the Carnation Revolution.\n April 26, 1937 - Spanish Civil War: German planes bomb the town of Guernica, Basque Country, later depicted in a painting by Pablo Picasso.\n April 26, 1964 - Tanganyika and Zanzibar merge to form Tanzania.\n April 26, 1986 - A reactor explosion occurs at the Chernobyl nuclear plant in present-day Ukraine, with radiation spreading around Europe and the world.\n April 26/27, 1994 - South Africa holds its first free elections.\n April 27, 1960 - Togo becomes
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April 26/27, 1994 - South Africa holds its first free elections.\n April 27, 1960 - Togo becomes independent from France.\n April 27, 1961 - Sierra Leone becomes independent from the United Kingdom.\n April 28, 1789 - Mutiny on the ship Bounty in the Pacific Ocean, lead by Fletcher Christian.\n April 28, 1945 - Benito Mussolini is executed by Italian partisans.\n April 28, 1947 - In Peru, Thor Heyerdahl starts his Kon-Tiki expedition aimed at proving his theory that the Polynesian settlers on the Pacific
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his Kon-Tiki expedition aimed at proving his theory that the Polynesian settlers on the Pacific Ocean's islands came from South America.\n April 29, 1991 - A cyclone in Bangladesh kills an estimated 138,000 people.\n April 29, 2011 - The wedding of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge is broadcast worldwide.\n April 30, 1789 - George Washington becomes the first President of the United States.\n April 30, 1803 - The United States purchases (buys) the Louisiana territory
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of the United States.\n April 30, 1803 - The United States purchases (buys) the Louisiana territory from France.\n April 30, 1945 - Adolf Hitler commits suicide on the same day that the Soviet Army raises the Red Flag on Berlin's Reichstag.\n April 30, 1952 - The Diary of Anne Frank is published in English.\n April 30, 1975 - The Vietnam War ends, as North Vietnamese forces take Saigon.\n April 30, 1980 - Queen Juliana of the Netherlands abdicates the throne, and her daughter becomes Queen Beatrix of the
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Juliana of the Netherlands abdicates the throne, and her daughter becomes Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. Beatrix later also abdicates, on this day in 2013, in favor of her son, King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands.\n\nTrivia \n\n In Western Christianity, there is a bigger likelihood of Easter falling in April than in March.\n The months around April (March and May) both start with an 'M' in the English language, with an 'A' as the second letter.\n In the English language, April is the first of three
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language, with an 'A' as the second letter.\n In the English language, April is the first of three months in-a-row, along with May and June, that is also a female given name.\n The astrological signs for April are Aries (March 21 to April 20) and Taurus (April 21 to May 20).\n The sweet pea and daisy are the traditional birth flowers for April.\n Birthstone for April is the Diamond.\nApril 1 is the only day in April to start within the first quarter of the calendar year.\n If the months of the year were
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in April to start within the first quarter of the calendar year.\n If the months of the year were arranged in alphabetical order in the English language, April would come first.\n Six current European monarchs were born in April. They are King Philippe of Belgium (April 15), Queen Margrethe II of Denmark (April 16), Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (April 16), Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth realms (April 21), King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands (April 27), and King Carl XVI Gustaf
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realms (April 21), King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands (April 27), and King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (April 30).\n\nReferences"
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"August (Aug.) is the eighth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar, coming between July and September. It has 31 days. It is named after the Roman emperor Augustus Caesar.\n\nAugust does not begin on the same day of the week as any other month in common years, but begins on the same day of the week as February in leap years. August always ends on the same day of the week as November.\n\nThe Month \n\nThis month was first called Sextilis in Latin, because it was the sixth month in the old Roman
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\n\nThis month was first called Sextilis in Latin, because it was the sixth month in the old Roman calendar. The Roman calendar began in March about 735\u00a0BC with Romulus. October was the eighth month. August was the eighth month when January or February were added to the start of the year by King Numa Pompilius about 700\u00a0BC. Or, when those two months were moved from the end to the beginning of the year by the decemvirs about 450\u00a0BC (Roman writers disagree). In 153 BC January 1 was determined
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by the decemvirs about 450\u00a0BC (Roman writers disagree). In 153 BC January 1 was determined as the beginning of the year.\n\nAugust is named for Augustus Caesar who became Roman consul in this month. The month has 31 days because Julius Caesar added two days when he created the Julian calendar in 45 BC. August is after July and before September.\n\nAugust, in either hemisphere, is the seasonal equivalent of February in the other. In the Northern hemisphere it is a summer month and it is a winter month
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of February in the other. In the Northern hemisphere it is a summer month and it is a winter month in the Southern hemisphere.\n\nNo other month in common years begins on the same day of the week as August, but August begins on the same day of the week as February in leap years. August ends on the same day of the week as November every year, as each other's last days are 13 weeks (91 days) apart.\n\nIn common years, August starts on the same day of the week as March and November of the previous year, and
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years, August starts on the same day of the week as March and November of the previous year, and in leap years, June of the previous year. In common years, August finishes on the same day of the week as March and June of the previous year, and in leap years, September of the previous year. In common years immediately after other common years, August starts on the same day of the week as February of the previous year.\n\nIn years immediately before common years, August starts on the same day of the week as
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year.\n\nIn years immediately before common years, August starts on the same day of the week as May of the following year, and in years immediately before leap years, October of the following year. In years immediately before common years, August finishes on the same day of the week as May of the following year, and in years immediately before leap years, February and October of the following year.\n\nAugust observances\n\nFixed observances and events \n\n August 1 National Day of Switzerland\n August 1
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observances\n\nFixed observances and events \n\n August 1 National Day of Switzerland\n August 1 Independence Day (Benin)\n August 1 Emancipation Day (Bermuda, Guyana, Jamaica, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago)\n August 1 Army Day (People's Republic of China)\n August 1 Lammas, cross-quarter day in the Celtic calendar\n August 1 Statehood Day (Colorado)\n August 2 Republic Day (Republic of Macedonia)\n August 2 Emancipation Day (Bahamas)\n August 3 Independence Day (Niger)\n August 5 Independence
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August 2 Emancipation Day (Bahamas)\n August 3 Independence Day (Niger)\n August 5 Independence Day (Burkina Faso)\n August 5 Victory Day (Croatia)\n August 6 Independence Day (Bolivia)\n August 6 Independence Day (Jamaica)\n August 7 Independence Day (Ivory Coast)\n August 8 Father's Day (Taiwan)\n August 9 National Day of Singapore\n August 9 Day of the Indigenous People (Suriname)\n August 9 National Women's Day (South Africa)\n August 10 Independence Day (Ecuador)\n August 10 Missouri
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National Women's Day (South Africa)\n August 10 Independence Day (Ecuador)\n August 10 Missouri Day\n August 11 Independence Day (Chad)\n August 12 Perseid Meteor Shower\n August 12 Queen Sirikit's Birthday (Thailand)\n August 13 Independence Day (Central African Republic)\n August 14 Independence Day (Pakistan)\n August 15 Assumption of Mary in Western Christianity\n August 15 Independence Day (India)\n August 15 Independence Day (Republic of the Congo)\n August 15 Independence Day (Bahrain)\n
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August 15 Independence Day (Republic of the Congo)\n August 15 Independence Day (Bahrain)\n August 15 National Day of South Korea\n August 15 National Day of Liechtenstein\n August 15 Victory in Japan Day\n August 17 Independence Day (Indonesia)\n August 17 Independence Day (Gabon)\n August 19 World Humanitarian Day\n August 19 Independence Day (Afghanistan)\n August 20 Feast day of Stephen I of Hungary\n August 20 Regaining of Independence (Estonia)\n August 21 Admission Day (Hawaii)\n August
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August 20 Regaining of Independence (Estonia)\n August 21 Admission Day (Hawaii)\n August 21 Ninoy Aquino Day (Philippines)\n August 21 Saint Helena Day\n August 23 National Heroes Day (Philippines)\n August 24 Independence Day (Ukraine)\n August 25 Independence Day (Uruguay)\n August 26 Heroes' Day (Namibia)\n August 27 Independence Day (Moldova)\n August 28 Assumption of Mary (Eastern Christianity)\n August 29 National Uprising Day (Slovakia)\n August 30 Constitution Day (Kazakhstan)\n August
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August 29 National Uprising Day (Slovakia)\n August 30 Constitution Day (Kazakhstan)\n August 30 Republic Day (Tatarstan)\n August 30 Victory Day (Turkey)\n August 31 Independence Day (Kyrgyzstan)\n August 31 Independence Day (Malaysia)\n August 31 Independence Day (Trinidad and Tobago)\n\nMoveable and Monthlong events \n\n Edinburgh Festival, including the Military Tattoo at Edinburgh Castle, takes place through most of August and beginning of September.\n UK Bank Holidays: First Monday in
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takes place through most of August and beginning of September.\n UK Bank Holidays: First Monday in Scotland, last Monday in England and Wales\n National Eisteddfod, cultural celebration in Wales: First week in August\n Children's Day in Uruguay: Second Sunday in August\n Monday after August 17: Holiday in Argentina, commemorating Jos\u00e9 de San Martin\n Discovery Day in Canada: third Monday in August\n Summer Olympics, often held in July and/or August\n\nSelection of Historical Events \n\n August 1
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Summer Olympics, often held in July and/or August\n\nSelection of Historical Events \n\n August 1 1291: Traditional founding date of Switzerland.\n August 1 1914: World War I begins.\n August 1 1944: Anne Frank makes the last entry in her diary.\n August 1 1960: Dahomey (now called Benin) becomes independent.\n August 2 1990: Iraq invades Kuwait.\n August 3 1492: Christopher Columbus sets sail on his first voyage.\n August 3 1960: Niger becomes independent.\n August 4 1944: Anne Frank and her
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his first voyage.\n August 3 1960: Niger becomes independent.\n August 4 1944: Anne Frank and her family are captured by the Gestapo in Amsterdam.\n August 4 1984: Upper Volta's name is changed to Burkina Faso.\n August 5 1960: Upper Volta becomes independent.\n August 5 1962: Film actress Marilyn Monroe is found dead at her home.\n August 6 1825: Bolivian independence.\n August 6 1945: The Atomic Bomb is dropped on Hiroshima.\n August 6 1962: Jamaica becomes independent.\n August 7 1960: Ivory
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is dropped on Hiroshima.\n August 6 1962: Jamaica becomes independent.\n August 7 1960: Ivory Coast becomes independent.\n August 9 1945: The Atomic Bomb is dropped on Nagasaki.\n August 9 1965: Singapore becomes independent.\n August 9 1974: US President Richard Nixon resigns following the Watergate scandal, with Gerald Ford replacing him.\n August 10 1792: Storming of the Tuileries Palace during the French Revolution\n August 10 1809: Beginning of Ecuadorean independence movement.\n August 11
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French Revolution\n August 10 1809: Beginning of Ecuadorean independence movement.\n August 11 1960: Chad becomes independent.\n August 13 1960: The Central African Republic becomes independent.\n August 13 1961: Building of the Berlin Wall begins.\n August 14 1945: Japan announces its surrender at the end of World War II.\n August 14/15 1947: India is partitioned at independence from the UK, as the new mainly Islamic state of Pakistan is created.\n August 15 1960: The Republic of the Congo becomes
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mainly Islamic state of Pakistan is created.\n August 15 1960: The Republic of the Congo becomes independent.\n August 15 1971: Bahrain becomes independent.\n August 16 1977: Elvis Presley dies aged 42, leading to a worldwide outpouring of grief.\n August 17 1945: Indonesia declares independence from the Netherlands.\n August 17 1960: Gabon becomes independent.\n August 17 1962: Peter Fechter becomes the first person to be shot dead at the Berlin Wall.\n August 19 43 BC: Augustus becomes Roman
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the first person to be shot dead at the Berlin Wall.\n August 19 43 BC: Augustus becomes Roman consul.\n August 19 14: Augustus dies.\n August 19 1919: Afghanistan becomes independent.\n August 19 1991: The August Coup against Mikhail Gorbachev, in the Soviet Union, begins.\n August 20 1940: Leon Trotsky is fatally wounded with an ice pick in Mexico.\n August 20 1968: The Prague Spring uprising is crushed.\n August 20 1991: Estonia regains its independence from the Soviet Union.\n August 21 1959:
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August 20 1991: Estonia regains its independence from the Soviet Union.\n August 21 1959: Hawaii becomes the 50th State of the US.\n August 24 79: Vesuvius erupts, destroying Pompeii and neighbouring Herculaneum.\n August 24 1991: Ukraine regains independence from the Soviet Union.\n August 25 1825: Uruguay declares independence from Brazil.\n August 27 1883: Krakatoa, in the Sunda Strait between Sumatra and Java, explodes, after a very violent eruption.\n August 27 1991: Moldova becomes independent
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and Java, explodes, after a very violent eruption.\n August 27 1991: Moldova becomes independent from the Soviet Union.\n August 28 1963: The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom takes place, where Martin Luther King, Jr. makes his \"I Have a Dream\" speech for Civil Rights in the United States.\n August 29 2005: Hurricane Katrina wreaks devastation in Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. New Orleans is flooded.\n August 31 1957: Malaysia, then the Federation of Malaya, becomes independent.\n August
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flooded.\n August 31 1957: Malaysia, then the Federation of Malaya, becomes independent.\n August 31 1962: Trinidad and Tobago becomes independent.\n August 31 1991: Kyrgyzstan becomes independent.\n August 31 1997: Diana, Princess of Wales is killed in a car crash in Paris, leading to a big outpouring of grief.\n\nTrivia \n Along with July, August is one of two calendar months to be named after people who really lived (July was named for Julius Caesar and August was named for Augustus).\n Only one US
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really lived (July was named for Julius Caesar and August was named for Augustus).\n Only one US President has died in August, Warren G. Harding, on August 2, 1923.\n August's flower is the Gladiolus with the birthstone being peridot.\n The astrological signs for August are Leo (July 22 - August 21) and Virgo (August 22 - September 21).\nAugust is the second of two months beginning with 'A', the other being April, with both April 21 and August 21 falling either side of the Northern summer
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the other being April, with both April 21 and August 21 falling either side of the Northern summer solstice.\n\nReferences"
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"Art is a creative activity that expresses imaginative or technical skill. It produces a product, an object. Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, performing artifacts, and expressing the author's imaginative mind. The product of art is called a work of art, for others to experience.\n\nSome art is useful in a practical sense, such as a sculptured clay bowl that can be used. That kind of art is sometimes called a craft.\n\nThose who make art are called artists. They hope to affect
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of art is sometimes called a craft.\n\nThose who make art are called artists. They hope to affect the emotions of people who experience it. Some people find art relaxing, exciting or informative. Some say people are driven to make art due to their inner creativity.\n\n\"The arts\" is a much broader term. It includes drawing, painting, sculpting, photography, performance art, dance, music, poetry, prose and theatre.\n\nTypes of art \n\nArt is divided into the plastic arts, where something is made, and the
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theatre.\n\nTypes of art \n\nArt is divided into the plastic arts, where something is made, and the performing arts, where something is done by humans in action. The other division is between pure arts, done for themselves, and practical arts, done for a practical purpose, but with artistic content.\n\n Plastic art\n Fine art is expression by making something beautiful or appealing to the emotions by visual means: drawing, painting, printmaking, sculpture\n Literature: poetry, creative writing\n Performing
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drawing, painting, printmaking, sculpture\n Literature: poetry, creative writing\n Performing art\n Performing art including drama are (expression using the body: dance, acting, singing)\n Auditory art (expression by making sounds): music, singing\n Practical art\n Culinary art (expression by making flavors and tastes): cooking\n The practical arts (expression by making things and structures: architecture, filming, fashion, photography, video games)\n\nWhat \"art\" means \nSome people say that art is a
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filming, fashion, photography, video games)\n\nWhat \"art\" means \nSome people say that art is a product or item that is made with the intention of stimulating the human senses as well as the human mind, spirit and soul. An artwork is normally judged by how much impact it has on people, the number of people who can relate to it, and how much they appreciate it. Some people also get inspired.\n\nThe first and broadest sense of \"art\" means \"arrangement\" or \"to arrange.\" In this sense, art is created
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broadest sense of \"art\" means \"arrangement\" or \"to arrange.\" In this sense, art is created when someone arranges things found in the world into a new or different design or form; or when someone arranges colors next to each other in a painting to make an image or just to make a pretty or interesting design.\n\nArt may express emotion. Artists may feel a certain emotion and wish to express it by creating something that means something to them. Most of the art created in this case is made for the
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something that means something to them. Most of the art created in this case is made for the artist rather than an audience. However, if an audience is able to connect with the emotion as well, then the art work may become publicly successful.\n\nHistory of art \nThere are sculptures, cave painting and rock art dating from the Upper Paleolithic era.\n\nAll of the great ancient civilizations, such as Ancient Egypt, India, China, Greece, Rome and Persia had works and styles of art. In the Middle Ages, most
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Egypt, India, China, Greece, Rome and Persia had works and styles of art. In the Middle Ages, most of the art in Europe showed people from the Bible in paintings, stained glass windows, and mosaic tile floors and walls.\n\nIslamic art includes geometric patterns, Islamic calligraphy, and architecture. In India and Tibet, painted sculptures, dance, and religious painting were done. In China, arts included jade carving, bronze, pottery, poetry, calligraphy, music, painting, drama, and fiction. There are many
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carving, bronze, pottery, poetry, calligraphy, music, painting, drama, and fiction. There are many Chinese artistic styles, which are usually named after the ruling dynasty.\n\nIn Europe, after the Middle Ages, there was a \"Renaissance\" which means \"rebirth\". People rediscovered science and artists were allowed to paint subjects other than religious subjects. People like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci still painted religious pictures, but they also now could paint mythological pictures too. These
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still painted religious pictures, but they also now could paint mythological pictures too. These artists also invented perspective where things in the distance look smaller in the picture. This was new because in the Middle Ages people would paint all the figures close up and just overlapping each other. These artists used nudity regularly in their art.\n\nIn the late 1800s, artists in Europe, responding to Modernity created many new painting styles such as Classicism, Romanticism, Realism, and
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to Modernity created many new painting styles such as Classicism, Romanticism, Realism, and Impressionism. The history of twentieth century art includes Expressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, Dadaism, Surrealism, and Minimalism.\n\nRoles of art \nIn some societies, people think that art belongs to the person who made it. They think that the artist put his or her \"talent\" and industry into the art. In this view, the art is the property of the artist, protected by copyright.\n\nIn other societies, people think
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the art is the property of the artist, protected by copyright.\n\nIn other societies, people think that art belongs to no one. They think that society has put its social capital into the artist and the artist's work. In this view, society is a collective that has made the art, through the artist.\n\nFunctions of art \nThe functions of art include:\n\n1) Cognitive function\n\n Works of art let us know about what the author knew, and about what the surrounding of the author were like.\n\n2) Aesthetic
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about what the author knew, and about what the surrounding of the author were like.\n\n2) Aesthetic function\n\n Works of art can make people happy by being beautiful.\n\n3) Prognostic function\n\n Some artists draw what they see the future like, and some of them are right, but most are not...\n\n4) Recreation function\n\n Art makes us think about it, not about reality; we have a rest.\n\n5) Value function\n\n What did the artist value? What aims did they like/dislike in human activity? This usually is
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What did the artist value? What aims did they like/dislike in human activity? This usually is clearly seen in artists' works.\n\n6) Didactic function\n\n What message, criticism or political change did the artist wish to achieve?\n\nRelated pages \n Modern art\n Abstract art\n Magnum opus\n Painting\n Sculpture\n Street art\n\nReferences \n\n \nNon-verbal communication\nBasic English 850 words"
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"A or a is the first letter of the English alphabet. The small letter, a or \u03b1, is used as a lower case vowel. \n\nWhen it is spoken, \u0101 is said as a long a, a diphthong of \u0115 and y. A is similar to alpha of the Greek alphabet. That is not surprising, because it stands for the same sound. \n\n\"Alpha and omega\" (the last letter of the Greek alphabet) means from beginning to the end. In musical notation, the letter A is the symbol of a note in the scale, below B and above G. In binary numbers,
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the letter A is the symbol of a note in the scale, below B and above G. In binary numbers, the letter A is 01000001.\n\nA is the letter that was used to represent a team in an old TV show, The A-Team. A capital a is written \"A\". Use a capital a at the start of a sentence if writing.\n\nWhere it came from\nThe letter 'A' was in the Phoenician alphabet's aleph. This symbol came from a simple picture of an ox head. \n\nThis Phoenician letter helped make the basic blocks of later types of the letter. The
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ox head. \n\nThis Phoenician letter helped make the basic blocks of later types of the letter. The Greeks later modified this letter and used it as their letter alpha. The Greek alphabet was used by the Etruscans in northern Italy, and the Romans later modified the Etruscan alphabet for their own language.\n\nUsing the letter\nThe letter A has six different sounds. It can sound like \u00e6, in the International Phonetic Alphabet, such as the word pad. Other sounds of this letter are in the words father,
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Phonetic Alphabet, such as the word pad. Other sounds of this letter are in the words father, which developed into another sound, such as in the word ace.\n\nUse in mathematics\nIn algebra, the letter \"A\" along with other letters at the beginning of the alphabet is used to represent known quantities.\n\nIn geometry, capital A, B, C etc. are used to label line segments, lines, etc. Also, A is typically used as one of the letters to label an angle in a triangle.\n\nReferences\n\nBasic English 850
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used as one of the letters to label an angle in a triangle.\n\nReferences\n\nBasic English 850 words\nVowel letters"
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"Air refers to the Earth's atmosphere. Air is a mixture of many gases and tiny dust particles. It is the clear gas in which living things live and breathe. It has an indefinite shape and volume. It has mass and weight, because it is matter. The weight of air creates atmospheric pressure. There is no air in outer space. \n\nAir is a mixture of about 78% of nitrogen, 21% of oxygen, 0.9% of argon, 0.04% of carbon dioxide, and very small amounts of other gases. There is an average of about 1% water
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of carbon dioxide, and very small amounts of other gases. There is an average of about 1% water vapour.\n\nAnimals live and need to breathe the oxygen in the air. In breathing, the lungs put oxygen into the blood, and send back carbon dioxide to the air. Plants need the carbon dioxide in the air to live. They give off the oxygen that we breathe. Without it we die of asphyxia. \n\nWind is moving air, this is refreshing. This causes weather. \n\nAir can be polluted by some gases (such as carbon monoxide,
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is refreshing. This causes weather. \n\nAir can be polluted by some gases (such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides), smoke, and ash. This air pollution causes various problems including smog, acid rain and global warming. It can damage people's health and the environment. \n\nSince early times, air has been used to create technology. Ships moved with sails and windmills used the mechanical motion of air. Aircraft use propellers to move air over a wing, which allows them to fly.
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motion of air. Aircraft use propellers to move air over a wing, which allows them to fly. Pneumatics use air pressure to move things. Since the late 1900s, air power is also used to generate electricity. \n\nAir is invisible: it cannot be seen by the eye, though a shimmering in hot air can be seen.\n\nAir is one of the four classical elements in Greek theory. It was considered an intervening element, somewhere between fire and water, and the driving force for the birth of the cosmos.\n\nBrief history
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between fire and water, and the driving force for the birth of the cosmos.\n\nBrief history \nEarth's atmosphere has changed much since its formation.\n\nOriginal atmosphere \nAt first it was mainly a hydrogen atmosphere. It has changed dramatically on several occasions\u2014for example, the Great Oxygenation Event 2.4 billion years ago, greatly increased oxygen in the atmosphere from practically no oxygen to levels closer to present day. Humans have also contributed to significant changes in atmospheric
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to levels closer to present day. Humans have also contributed to significant changes in atmospheric composition through air pollution, especially since industrialisation, leading to rapid environmental change such as ozone depletion and global warming.\n\nSecond atmosphere \nOutgassing from volcanism, supplemented by gases produced during the late heavy bombardment of Earth by huge asteroids, produced the next atmosphere, consisting largely of nitrogen plus carbon dioxide and inert gases.\n\nThird
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the next atmosphere, consisting largely of nitrogen plus carbon dioxide and inert gases.\n\nThird atmosphere \n\nThe constant re-arrangement of continents by plate tectonics influences the long-term evolution of the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide was transferred to and from large continental carbonate stores. Free oxygen did not exist in the atmosphere until about 2.4 billion years ago. The Great Oxygenation Event is shown by the end of the banded iron formations.\n\nRelated pages \n Air pollution\n Air
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Event is shown by the end of the banded iron formations.\n\nRelated pages \n Air pollution\n Air craft\n\nReferences \n\nBasic English 850 words\nPhysics\nAtmosphere"
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"Spain is divided in 17 parts called autonomous communities. Autonomous means that each of these autonomous communities has its own executive, legislative judicial powers. These are similar to, but not the same as, states in the United States of America, for example.\n\nSpain has fifty smaller parts called provinces. In 1978 these parts came together, making the autonomous communities. \nBefore then, some of these provinces were together but were broken. The groups that were together once before are called
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these provinces were together but were broken. The groups that were together once before are called \"historic communities\": Catalonia, Basque Country, Galicia and Andalusia.\n\nThe Spanish language is the sole official language in every autonomous community but six, where Spanish is co-official with other languages, as follows:\n Catalonia: Catalan and Occitan\n Valencian Community: Catalan (also called Valencian there)\n Balearic Islands: Catalan\n Galicia: Galician\n Basque Country: Basque\n Navarre:
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there)\n Balearic Islands: Catalan\n Galicia: Galician\n Basque Country: Basque\n Navarre: Basque (only in the north and near the border with the Basque County)\n\nList of the autonomous communities, with their Capital city (the place where the government has its offices):\n\n Andalusia (its capital is Sevilla)\n Aragon (its capital is Zaragoza)\n Asturias (its capital is Oviedo)\n Balearic Islands (its capital is Palma de Mallorca)\n Basque Country (its capital is Vitoria)\n Canary Islands (they have two
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is Palma de Mallorca)\n Basque Country (its capital is Vitoria)\n Canary Islands (they have two capitals - Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Santa Cruz de Tenerife)\n Cantabria (its capital is Santander)\n Castile-La Mancha (its capital is Toledo)\n Castile and Le\u00f3n (its capital is Valladolid)\n Catalonia (its capital is Barcelona)\n Extremadura (its capital is M\u00e9rida)\n Galicia (its capital is Santiago de Compostela)\n La Rioja (its capital is Logro\u00f1o)\n Community of Madrid (its capital is
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de Compostela)\n La Rioja (its capital is Logro\u00f1o)\n Community of Madrid (its capital is Madrid)\n Region of Murcia (its capital is Murcia)\n Navarre (its capital is Pamplona)\n Valencian Community (its capital is Valencia)\n\nSpain also has two cities on the north coast of Africa: Ceuta and Melilla. They are called \"autonomous cities\" and have simultaneously the majority of the power of an autonomous community and also power of provinces and power of municipalities."
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"Alan Mathison Turing OBE FRS (London, 23 June 1912 \u2013 Wilmslow, Cheshire, 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician and computer scientist. He was born in Maida Vale, London.\n\nEarly life and family \nAlan Turing was born in Maida Vale, London on 23 June 1912. His father was part of a family of merchants from Scotland. His mother, Ethel Sara, was the daughter of an engineer.\n\nEducation \nTuring went to St. Michael's, a school at 20 Charles Road, St Leonards-on-sea, when he was five years
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went to St. Michael's, a school at 20 Charles Road, St Leonards-on-sea, when he was five years old.\n\"This is only a foretaste of what is to come, and only the shadow of what is going to be.\u201d \u2013 Alan Turing.\n\nThe Stoney family were once prominent landlords, here in North Tipperary. His mother Ethel Sara Stoney (1881\u20131976) was daughter of Edward Waller Stoney (Borrisokane, North Tipperary) and Sarah Crawford (Cartron Abbey, Co. Longford); Protestant Anglo-Irish gentry.\n\nEducated in Dublin
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Sarah Crawford (Cartron Abbey, Co. Longford); Protestant Anglo-Irish gentry.\n\nEducated in Dublin at Alexandra School and College; on October 1st 1907 she married Julius Mathison Turing, latter son of Reverend John Robert Turing and Fanny Boyd, in Dublin. Born on June 23rd 1912, Alan Turing would go on to be regarded as one of the greatest figures of the twentieth century.\n\nA brilliant mathematician and cryptographer Alan was to become the founder of modern-day computer science and artificial
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and cryptographer Alan was to become the founder of modern-day computer science and artificial intelligence; designing a machine at Bletchley Park to break secret Enigma encrypted messages used by the Nazi German war machine to protect sensitive commercial, diplomatic and military communications during World War 2. Thus, Turing made the single biggest contribution to the Allied victory in the war against Nazi Germany, possibly saving the lives of an estimated 2 million people, through his effort in
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