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solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist
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solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/versioned-transactions.html.82642eca.js
|
const e={key:"v-75b489de",path:"/zh/guides/versioned-transactions.html",title:"\u7248\u672C\u5316\u4EA4\u6613 (Versioned Transactions)",lang:"zh-CN",frontmatter:{title:"\u7248\u672C\u5316\u4EA4\u6613 (Versioned Transactions)",head:[["meta",{name:"title",content:"Solana\u79D8\u7C4D| Versioned Transactions"}],["meta",{name:"og:title",content:"Solana\u79D8\u7C4D| Versioned Transactions"}],["meta",{name:"description",content:"New and improved transaction format on Solana."}],["meta",{name:"og:description",content:"New and improved transaction format on Solana."}],["meta",{name:"og:image",content:"https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"}],["meta",{name:"og:image:alt",content:"Solana splash card"}],["meta",{name:"twitter:card",content:"summary"}],["meta",{name:"twitter:site",content:"@solanacookbook"}],["meta",{name:"twitter:image",content:"https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"}],["meta",{name:"robots",content:"index,follow,noodp"}],["meta",{name:"googlebot",content:"index,follow"}]],footer:"MIT Licensed"},excerpt:"",headers:[{level:2,title:"\u7EFC\u8FF0",slug:"\u7EFC\u8FF0",children:[]},{level:2,title:"\u4F20\u7EDF\u4EA4\u6613\uFF08Legacy Transactions\uFF09",slug:"\u4F20\u7EDF\u4EA4\u6613-legacy-transactions",children:[]},{level:2,title:"\u4F20\u7EDF\u6D88\u606F",slug:"\u4F20\u7EDF\u6D88\u606F",children:[{level:3,title:"\u5934\u90E8",slug:"\u5934\u90E8",children:[]},{level:3,title:"\u7D27\u51D1\u8D26\u6237\u5730\u5740\u6570\u7EC4",slug:"\u7D27\u51D1\u8D26\u6237\u5730\u5740\u6570\u7EC4",children:[]},{level:3,title:"\u7D27\u51D1\u6307\u4EE4\u6570\u7EC4",slug:"\u7D27\u51D1\u6307\u4EE4\u6570\u7EC4",children:[]}]},{level:2,title:"\u4F20\u7EDF\u4EA4\u6613\u7684\u95EE\u9898",slug:"\u4F20\u7EDF\u4EA4\u6613\u7684\u95EE\u9898",children:[]},{level:2,title:"\u5730\u5740\u67E5\u627E\u8868(Address Lookeup Tables)",slug:"\u5730\u5740\u67E5\u627E\u8868-address-lookeup-tables",children:[]},{level:2,title:"\u7248\u672C\u5316\u4EA4\u6613\uFF1A TransactionV0",slug:"\u7248\u672C\u5316\u4EA4\u6613-transactionv0",children:[]},{level:2,title:"MessageV0",slug:"messagev0",children:[{level:3,title:"\u5730\u5740\u8868\u67E5\u627E\u7684\u7D27\u51D1\u6570\u7EC4",slug:"\u5730\u5740\u8868\u67E5\u627E\u7684\u7D27\u51D1\u6570\u7EC4",children:[]},{level:3,title:"\u7D27\u51D1\u6307\u4EE4\u6570\u7EC4",slug:"\u7D27\u51D1\u6307\u4EE4\u6570\u7EC4-1",children:[]}]},{level:2,title:"RPC\u53D8\u66F4",slug:"rpc\u53D8\u66F4",children:[]},{level:2,title:"\u5176\u4ED6\u8D44\u6599",slug:"\u5176\u4ED6\u8D44\u6599",children:[]},{level:2,title:"\u53C2\u8003\u8D44\u6599",slug:"\u53C2\u8003\u8D44\u6599",children:[]}],git:{updatedTime:1688705294e3,contributors:[{name:"lillianrf",email:"138085102+lillianrf@users.noreply.github.com",commits:1}]},filePathRelative:"zh/guides/versioned-transactions.md"};export{e as data};
| 0
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solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist
|
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/offline-transactions.html.9e334e4b.js
|
const e={key:"v-2e71e285",path:"/pt/references/offline-transactions.html",title:"Enviando Transa\xE7\xF5es Offline",lang:"pt-BR",frontmatter:{title:"Enviando Transa\xE7\xF5es Offline",head:[["meta",{name:"title",content:"Livro de Receitas da Solana - Solana Cookbook | Enviando Transa\xE7\xF5es Offline"}],["meta",{name:"og:title",content:"Livro de Receitas da Solana - Solana Cookbook | Enviando Transa\xE7\xF5es Offline"}],["meta",{name:"description",content:"Ap\xF3s assinar a Transa\xE7\xE3o Offline, qualquer pessoa pode transmiti-la na rede. Saiba mais sobre o envio de Transa\xE7\xF5es Offline e refer\xEAncias no Livro de Receitas da Solana."}],["meta",{name:"og:description",content:"Ap\xF3s assinar a Transa\xE7\xE3o Offline, qualquer pessoa pode transmiti-la na rede. Saiba mais sobre o envio de Transa\xE7\xF5es Offline e refer\xEAncias no Livro de Receitas da Solana."}],["meta",{name:"og:image",content:"https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"}],["meta",{name:"og:image:alt",content:"Solana splash card"}],["meta",{name:"twitter:card",content:"summary"}],["meta",{name:"twitter:site",content:"@solanacookbook"}],["meta",{name:"twitter:image",content:"https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"}],["meta",{name:"robots",content:"index,follow,noodp"}],["meta",{name:"googlebot",content:"index,follow"}]],footer:"MIT Licensed"},excerpt:"",headers:[{level:2,title:"Assinatura de Transa\xE7\xE3o",slug:"assinatura-de-transacao",children:[]},{level:2,title:"Assinatura Parcial de Transa\xE7\xE3o",slug:"assinatura-parcial-de-transacao",children:[]},{level:2,title:"Nonce Dur\xE1vel",slug:"nonce-duravel",children:[{level:3,title:"Criar Conta de Nonce",slug:"criar-conta-de-nonce",children:[]},{level:3,title:"Obter Conta de Nonce",slug:"obter-conta-de-nonce",children:[]},{level:3,title:"Usar Conta de Nonce",slug:"usar-conta-de-nonce",children:[]}]}],git:{updatedTime:1690516363e3,contributors:[{name:"Daniel Cukier",email:"danicuki@gmail.com",commits:1}]},filePathRelative:"pt/references/offline-transactions.md"};export{e as data};
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solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist
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solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/distribution.html.e6e2641f.js
|
import{_ as r,r as s,o as n,c as l,a as e,b as a,F as i,d as t}from"./app.07ce7a66.js";const h={},p=e("h1",{id:"distribution",tabindex:"-1"},[e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#distribution","aria-hidden":"true"},"#"),t(" Distribution")],-1),c=e("p",null,"Distribution of your game depends highly on the platform you are using. With Solana, there are game SDKs you can build for IOS, Android, Web and Native Windows or Mac. Using the Unity SDK you could even connect Nintendo Switch or XBox to Solana theoretically. Many game companies are pivoting to a mobile first approach because there are so many people with mobile phones in the world. Mobile comes with its own complications though, so you should pick what fits best to your game.",-1),d=e("p",null,"Solana has a distinct edge over other blockchain platforms due to its offering of a crypto-native mobile phone, named Saga, that comes equipped with an innovative dApps store. This store enables the distribution of crypto games without the limitations imposed by conventional app stores such as Google or Apple.",-1),u=e("h2",{id:"publishing-platforms",tabindex:"-1"},[e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#publishing-platforms","aria-hidden":"true"},"#"),t(" Publishing Platforms")],-1),_=e("p",null,"Platforms where you can host your games",-1),f=e("thead",null,[e("tr",null,[e("th",null,"Platform"),e("th",null,"Description")])],-1),m={href:"https://www.fractal.is/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},g=t("Fractal"),b=e("td",null,"A game publishing platform that supports Solana and Ethereum. They also have their own wallet and account handling and there is an SDK for high scores and tournaments.",-1),y={href:"https://elixir.app/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},w=t("Elixir"),k=e("td",null,"Platform for web3 games that also offers a PC launcher",-1),v=e("td",null,"Self Hosting",-1),x=t("Just host your game yourself. For example using "),S={href:"https://vercel.com/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},A=t("Vercel"),T=t(" which can be easily setup so that a new version get deployed as soon as you push to your repository. Other options are "),F={href:"https://pages.github.com/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},N=t("github pages"),D=t(" or "),P={href:"https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},E=t("Google Firebase"),B={href:"https://github.com/solana-mobile/dapp-publishing/blob/main/README.md",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},G=t("Solana mobile DApp Store"),K=e("td",null,"The Solana alternative to Google Play and the Apple App Store. A crypto first variant of a dApp store, which is open source free for everyone to use.",-1),M={href:"https://www.apple.com/de/app-store/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},V=t("Apple App Store"),I=e("td",null,"The Apple app store has a high reach and is trusted by its customers. The entrance barrier for crypto games is high though. The rules are very strict for everything that tries to circumvent the fees that Apple takes for in app purchases. A soon as an NFT provides benefits for the player for example Apple requires you for example to have them purchased via their in app purchase system.",-1),U={href:"https://play.google.com/store/games",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},W=t("Google Play Store"),q=e("td",null,"Google is much more crypto friendly and games with NFTs and wallet deep links for example have had a track record of being approved for the official play store.",-1),C={href:"https://www.backpack.app/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},L=t("xNFT Backpack"),O=e("td",null,"Backpack is a Solana wallet which allows you to release apps as xNFTs. They appear in the users wallet as soon as they purchase them as applications. The Unity SDK has a xNFT export and any other web app can be published as xNFT as well.",-1),H=e("tr",null,[e("td"),e("td")],-1);function J(R,X){const o=s("ExternalLinkIcon");return n(),l(i,null,[p,c,d,u,_,e("table",null,[f,e("tbody",null,[e("tr",null,[e("td",null,[e("a",m,[g,a(o)])]),b]),e("tr",null,[e("td",null,[e("a",y,[w,a(o)])]),k]),e("tr",null,[v,e("td",null,[x,e("a",S,[A,a(o)]),T,e("a",F,[N,a(o)]),D,e("a",P,[E,a(o)])])]),e("tr",null,[e("td",null,[e("a",B,[G,a(o)])]),K]),e("tr",null,[e("td",null,[e("a",M,[V,a(o)])]),I]),e("tr",null,[e("td",null,[e("a",U,[W,a(o)])]),q]),e("tr",null,[e("td",null,[e("a",C,[L,a(o)])]),O]),H])])],64)}var z=r(h,[["render",J]]);export{z as default};
| 0
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solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist
|
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/pdas.html.9841e8a1.js
|
import{_ as n,r as a,o as d,c as i,a as e,b as s,w as c,F as l,d as o,e as _}from"./app.07ce7a66.js";var h="/assets/account-matrix.11f1f839.png",p="/assets/pda-curve.018ed1bf.png";const m={},u=e("h1",{id:"\u7A0B\u5E8F\u6D3E\u751F\u8D26\u6237-pda",tabindex:"-1"},[e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#\u7A0B\u5E8F\u6D3E\u751F\u8D26\u6237-pda","aria-hidden":"true"},"#"),o(" \u7A0B\u5E8F\u6D3E\u751F\u8D26\u6237\uFF08PDA\uFF09")],-1),g=o("\u7A0B\u5E8F\u6D3E\u751F\u8D26\u6237\uFF08PDA\uFF09\u662F\u4E3A\u4E86\u8BA9\u7279\u5B9A\u7A0B\u5E8F\u53EF\u4EE5\u63A7\u5236\u4E00\u4E9B\u8D26\u6237\u800C\u8BBE\u8BA1\u51FA\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4F7F\u7528PDA\uFF0C\u7A0B\u5E8F\u53EF\u4EE5\u901A\u8FC7\u7F16\u7A0B\u65B9\u6CD5\u4E3A\u4E00\u4E9B\u5730\u5740\u8FDB\u884C\u7B7E\u540D\uFF0C\u800C\u4E0D\u4E00\u5B9A\u7528\u5230\u79C1\u94A5\u3002 PDA\u662F"),b={href:"https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#cross-program-invocations",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},f=o("Cross-Program Invocation\uFF08\u8DE8\u7A0B\u5E8F\u8C03\u7528\uFF09"),P=o("\u7684\u57FA\u7840\uFF0C \u8FD9\u4E2A\u529F\u80FD\u8BA9Solana\u7684app\u53EF\u4EE5\u8DDF\u5176\u4ED6app\u8FDB\u884C\u7EC4\u5408\u3002"),A=e("h2",{id:"\u7EFC\u8FF0",tabindex:"-1"},[e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#\u7EFC\u8FF0","aria-hidden":"true"},"#"),o(" \u7EFC\u8FF0")],-1),D={class:"custom-container tip"},v=e("p",{class:"custom-container-title"},"\u8981\u70B9",-1),x=e("li",null,"PDA\u662F\u957F\u5EA6\u4E3A32\u7684\u5B57\u8282\u4E32\uFF0C\u770B\u8D77\u6765\u548C\u516C\u94A5\u5F88\u50CF\uFF0C\u4F46\u662F\u5E76\u6CA1\u6709\u4E0E\u4E4B\u5BF9\u5E94\u7684\u79C1\u94A5",-1),k=e("li",null,[e("code",null,"findProgramAddress"),o("\u53EF\u4EE5\u9488\u5BF9\u4E00\u4E2AprogramId\uFF08\u7A0B\u5E8Fid\uFF09\u548Cseeds\uFF08\u79CD\u5B50\uFF09\u552F\u4E00\u786E\u5B9A\u7684\u751F\u6210\u4E00\u4E2APDA\u3002\u8FD9\u91CC\u7684seeds\uFF08\u79CD\u5B50\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u7EC4\u6307\u5B9A\u7684\u5B57\u8282\u4E32")],-1),w=e("li",null,"\u4E00\u4E2A\u8DF3\u8DC3\uFF08\u4E00\u4E2A\u5B57\u8282\uFF09\u7528\u4E8E\u5C06\u5019\u9009PDA\u63A8\u79BBed25519\u692D\u5706\u66F2\u7EBF",-1),L=o("\u7A0B\u5E8F\u901A\u8FC7\u4F20\u5165\u79CD\u5B50\u548C\u8DF3\u8DC3\u53C2\u6570\uFF0C\u8C03\u7528"),y={href:"https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-signed-accounts",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},I=o("invoke_signed"),N=o("\u4E3APDA\u8FDB\u884C\u7B7E\u540D"),S=e("li",null,"PDA\u53EA\u80FD\u88AB\u7528\u6765\u6D3E\u751F\u51FA\u8FD9\u4E2A\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7A0B\u5E8F\u6240\u7B7E\u540D",-1),V=o("\u9664\u4E86\u5141\u8BB8\u7A0B\u5E8F\u4E3A\u4E0D\u540C\u7684instruction\u7B7E\u540D\u4E4B\u5916\uFF0CPDA\u8FD8\u63D0\u4F9B\u4E86\u4E00\u4E2A\u50CF\u54C8\u5E0C\u8868\u4E00\u6837\u7684\u63A5\u53E3\uFF0C\u7528\u4E8E"),B=o("\u5EFA\u7ACB\u8D26\u6237\u7D22\u5F15"),C=_('<h1 id="\u6DF1\u5165" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#\u6DF1\u5165" aria-hidden="true">#</a> \u6DF1\u5165</h1><p>PDA\u662FSolana\u7A0B\u5E8F\u5F00\u53D1\u7684\u91CD\u8981\u6784\u6210\u8981\u7D20\u3002\u6709\u4E86PDA\uFF0C\u7A0B\u5E8F\u53EF\u4EE5\u4E3A\u8D26\u6237\u7B7E\u540D\uFF0C\u540C\u65F6\u4FDD\u8BC1\u6CA1\u6709\u5916\u90E8\u7528\u6237\u80FD\u591F\u4EA7\u751F\u9488\u5BF9\u540C\u4E00\u4E2A\u8D26\u6237\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7B7E\u540D\u3002 \u9664\u4E86\u4E3A\u8D26\u6237\u7B7E\u540D\u5916\uFF0C\u4E00\u4E9B\u7A0B\u5E8F\u8FD8\u53EF\u4EE5\u4FEE\u6539\u81EA\u5DF1\u6D3E\u751F\u51FA\u6765\u7684PDA\u91CC\u7684\u6570\u636E\u3002</p><p><img src="'+h+'" alt="Accounts matrix"></p><p><small style="text-align:center;display:block;">\u56FE\u7247\u6765\u6E90\uFF1A<a href="https://twitter.com/pencilflip">Pencilflip</a></small></p><h3 id="\u751F\u6210pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#\u751F\u6210pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> \u751F\u6210PDA</h3><p>\u4E3A\u4E86\u66F4\u597D\u7684\u7406\u89E3PDA\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\uFF0C\u53EF\u4EE5\u8BA4\u4E3APDA\u4ECE\u6280\u672F\u89D2\u5EA6\u8BB2\u5E76\u4E0D\u662F\u521B\u5EFA\u51FA\u6765\u7684\uFF0C\u800C\u662F\u627E\u5230\u7684\u3002PDA\u7531\u4E00\u7EC4\u79CD\u5B50\uFF08\u4F8B\u5982\u5B57\u7B26\u4E32<code>"vote_account"</code>\uFF09\u4EE5\u53CA\u7A0B\u5E8Fid\u751F\u6210\u3002 \u8FD9\u7EC4\u79CD\u5B50\u548C\u7A0B\u5E8Fid\u63A5\u4E0B\u6765\u4F1A\u653E\u5230sha256\u54C8\u5E0C\u51FD\u6570\u4E2D\u6267\u884C\u4E00\u904D\uFF0C\u68C0\u67E5\u4ED6\u4EEC\u4EA7\u751F\u7684\u516C\u94A5\u662F\u5426\u843D\u5728ed25519\u692D\u5706\u66F2\u7EBF\u4E0A\u3002</p><p>\u5728\u7A0B\u5E8Fid\u548C\u79CD\u5B50\u4E0A\u8FD0\u884C\u54C8\u5E0C\u51FD\u6570\u65F6\uFF0C\u6709\u5927\u7EA650%\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4F1A\u5F97\u5230\u5728\u4E00\u4E2A\u843D\u5728\u692D\u5706\u66F2\u7EBF\u4E0A\u6709\u6548\u7684\u516C\u94A5\u3002\u8FD9\u79CD\u60C5\u51B5\u4E0B\uFF0C\u6211\u4EEC\u9700\u8981\u5411\u8F93\u5165\u5F53\u4E2D\u52A0\u70B9\u6270\u52A8\uFF0C\u7565\u5FAE\u6539\u53D8\u8F93\u5165\uFF0C\u518D\u8FDB\u884C\u91CD\u8BD5\u3002 \u8FD9\u4E2A\u6270\u52A8\u7684\u6280\u672F\u540D\u79F0\u53EBbump\uFF08\u8DF3\u8DC3\uFF09\u3002\u5728Solana\u4E2D\uFF0C\u6211\u4EEC\u4E00\u5F00\u59CB\u6307\u5B9A<code>bump = 255</code>\uFF0C\u7136\u540E\u5411\u4E0B\u8FED\u4EE3bump\uFF0C\u5230254\uFF0C253\u7B49\u7B49\u3002\u77E5\u9053\u6211\u4EEC\u80FD\u591F\u627E\u5230\u4E00\u4E2A\u4E0D\u5728\u692D\u5706\u66F2\u7EBF\u4E0A\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4E3A\u6B62\u3002 \u8FD9\u4E2A\u770B\u8D77\u6765\u7B80\u964B\u7684\u529E\u6CD5\u53EF\u4EE5\u8BA9\u6211\u4EEC\u6BCF\u6B21\u751F\u6210PDA\u7684\u65F6\u5019\u90FD\u80FD\u591F\u5F97\u5230\u552F\u4E00\u786E\u5B9A\u7684\u7ED3\u679C\u3002</p><p><img src="'+p+'" alt="\u843D\u5728\u692D\u5706\u66F2\u7EBF\u4E0A\u7684PDA"></p><h3 id="\u4E0Epda\u4EA4\u4E92" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#\u4E0Epda\u4EA4\u4E92" aria-hidden="true">#</a> \u4E0EPDA\u4EA4\u4E92</h3><p>\u751F\u6210PDA\u7684\u65F6\u5019\uFF0C<code>findProgramAddress</code>\u4F1A\u628A\u5F97\u5230\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548C\u7528\u6765\u5C06PDA\u78B0\u649E\u51FA\u692D\u5706\u66F2\u7EBF\u6240\u7528\u7684bump\u90FD\u8FD4\u56DE\u51FA\u6765\u3002 \u6709\u4E86\u8FD9\u4E2Abump\uFF0C\u7A0B\u5E8F\u5C31\u53EF\u4EE5\u5BF9\u4EFB\u4F55\u9700\u8981\u8FD9\u4E2APDA\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6307\u4EE4\u8FDB\u884C\u7B7E\u540D\u3002\u7B7E\u540D\u65F6\uFF0C\u7A0B\u5E8F\u8C03\u7528<code>invoke_signed</code>\u51FD\u6570\uFF0C\u4F20\u5165\u6307\u4EE4\uFF0C\u8D26\u6237\u5217\u8868\uFF0C\u4EE5\u53CA\u7528\u4E8E\u751F\u6210PDA\u7684\u79CD\u5B50\u548Cbump\u3002 \u9664\u4E86\u4E3A\u6307\u4EE4\u7B7E\u540D\u4E4B\u5916\uFF0CPDA\u5728\u4ED6\u81EA\u5DF1\u901A\u8FC7<code>invoke_signed</code>\u51FD\u6570\u88AB\u521B\u5EFA\u65F6\uFF0C\u4E5F\u9700\u8981\u7B7E\u540D\u3002</p>',10),E=o("\u5728\u4F7F\u7528PDA\u7F16\u5199\u7A0B\u5E8F\u65F6\uFF0C\u7ECF\u5E38\u4F1A\u5C06\u8FD9\u4E2Abump"),R={href:"https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-program-library/blob/78e29e9238e555967b9125799d7d420d7d12b959/token-swap/program/src/state.rs#L100",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},q=o("\u5B58\u50A8\u5728\u8FD9\u4E2A\u8D26\u6237\u672C\u8EAB\u7684\u6570\u636E\u5F53\u4E2D"),z=o("\u3002 \u8FD9\u79CD\u673A\u5236\u53EF\u4EE5\u8BA9\u5F00\u53D1\u8005\u8F7B\u6613\u7684\u5BF9PDA\u8FDB\u884C\u9A8C\u8BC1\uFF0C\u800C\u4E0D\u7528\u91CD\u65B0\u5728\u6307\u4EE4\u53C2\u6570\u5F53\u4E2D\u4F20\u5165\u8FD9\u4E2A\u503C\u3002"),F=e("h2",{id:"other-resources",tabindex:"-1"},[e("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#other-resources","aria-hidden":"true"},"#"),o(" Other Resources")],-1),O={href:"https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-derived-addresses",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},T=o("\u5B98\u65B9\u6587\u6863"),U={href:"https://www.brianfriel.xyz/understanding-program-derived-addresses/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},j=o("Understanding Program Derived Addresses");function G(H,J){const t=a("ExternalLinkIcon"),r=a("RouterLink");return d(),i(l,null,[u,e("p",null,[g,e("a",b,[f,s(t)]),P]),A,e("div",D,[v,e("ul",null,[x,k,w,e("li",null,[L,e("a",y,[I,s(t)]),N]),S,e("li",null,[V,s(r,{to:"/zh/guides/account-maps.html"},{default:c(()=>[B]),_:1})])])]),C,e("p",null,[E,e("a",R,[q,s(t)]),z]),F,e("ul",null,[e("li",null,[e("a",O,[T,s(t)])]),e("li",null,[e("a",U,[j,s(t)])])])],64)}var M=n(m,[["render",G]]);export{M as default};
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solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist
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solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/th/index.html
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<!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">แนวทาง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">อ้างอิง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="cooking-กับ-solana" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#cooking-กับ-solana" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Cooking กับ Solana</h1><p><em>คู่มือ Solana</em> คือแหล่งข้อมูลสำหรับนักพัฒนา ที่จะให้แนวความคิดหลักๆ และข้อมูลอ้างอิงสำหรับสร้าง applications บน Solana โดยแต่ละแนวความคิด และข้อมูลอ้างอิงจะเน้นในแต่ละมุมมองของการพัฒนา Solana โดยจะให้รายละเอียดเพิ่มเติม รวมไปถึงตัวอย่างการใช้งานอีกด้วย</p><h2 id="ร่วมกันเขียน" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ร่วมกันเขียน" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ร่วมกันเขียน</h2><p>คู่มือนี้ออกแบบมาให้ง่ายสำหรับนักพัฒนา Solana ที่จะร่วมกันเขียน ถึงแม้ว่าคุณจะยังไม่รู้ว่าจะทำอะไรยังไง การเริ่มจากช่วยกันเขียนก็เป็นการเริ่มต้นที่ดีนะ!</p><p>ลองดู issues ที่เปิดอยู่ <a href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ที่นี่<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. แนวทางการช่วยกัน <a href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook#contributing" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ที่นี่<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. ถ้าคุณเจอว่าคู่มือเราขาดอะไรไป ก็เปิด issue ได้เลย</p><h2 id="วิธีอ่านคู่มือ" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีอ่านคู่มือ" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีอ่านคู่มือ</h2><p>คู่มือ Solana แบ่งเป็นหลายส่วน โดยแต่ละส่วนจะเน้นคนละเป้าหมายกัน</p><table><thead><tr><th>ส่วน</th><th>คำอธิบาย</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>แนวความคิดหลัก</td><td>สร้างความรู้ที่ควรจะรู้สำหรับการพัฒนาบน Solana</td></tr><tr><td>แนวทาง</td><td>แนวทางของแต่ละเครื่องมือสำหรับการพัฒนา</td></tr><tr><td>อ้างอิง</td><td>ส่วนอ้างอิงที่มักจะมี code สั้นๆ อยู่ด้วย</td></tr></tbody></table><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: katopz@gmail.com">Todsaporn Banjerdkit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----><span class="next"><a href="/th/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="การติดตั้ง"><!--[--><!--]--> การติดตั้ง <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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<meta name="title" content="คู่มือ Solana | Staking"><meta name="og:title" content="คู่มือ Solana | Staking"><meta name="description" content="stake SOL และรับ rewards สำหรับการช่วยให้ network มีความปลอดภัยมากขึ้น"><meta name="og:description" content="Stake SOL และรับ rewards สำหรับการช่วยให้ network มีความปลอดภัยมากขึ้น เรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับการสร้าง Stake Accounts, Delegate Stake, Withdraw Stake และข้อมูลอ้างอิงอื่นๆ สำหรับพัฒนาบน Solana ได้ที่คู่มือ Solana."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Staking | คู่มือ Solana</title>
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href="/th/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking กับ Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking กับ Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การติดตั้ง"><!--[--><!--]--> การติดตั้ง <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">แนวความคิดหลัก <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">แนวทาง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">อ้างอิง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/staking.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/staking.html#หาข้อมูล-validators-ในปัจจุบัน" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="หาข้อมูล Validators ในปัจจุบัน"><!--[--><!--]--> หาข้อมูล Validators ในปัจจุบัน <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/staking.html#สร้าง-stake-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="สร้าง Stake Account"><!--[--><!--]--> สร้าง Stake Account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/staking.html#delegate-stake" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Delegate Stake"><!--[--><!--]--> Delegate Stake <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/staking.html#ดึงข้อมูล-delegator-ด้วย-validators" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="ดึงข้อมูล Delegator ด้วย Validators"><!--[--><!--]--> ดึงข้อมูล Delegator ด้วย Validators <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/staking.html#ยกเลิก-stake" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="ยกเลิก Stake"><!--[--><!--]--> ยกเลิก Stake <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/staking.html#ถอน-stake" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="ถอน Stake"><!--[--><!--]--> ถอน Stake <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="staking" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#staking" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Staking</h1><h2 id="หาข้อมูล-validators-ในปัจจุบัน" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#หาข้อมูล-validators-ในปัจจุบัน" aria-hidden="true">#</a> หาข้อมูล Validators ในปัจจุบัน</h2><p>เราสามารถ stake SOL และรับ rewards สำหรับการช่วยให้ network มีความปลอดภัยมากขึ้น ในการ stake เราจะ delegate SOL ไปที่ validators ที่มีหน้าที่ประมวลผล transactions</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Get all validators, categorized by current (i.e. active) and deliquent (i.e. inactive)</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delinquent <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"current validators: "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"all validators: "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">concat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>delinquent<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana validators
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="สร้าง-stake-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#สร้าง-stake-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> สร้าง Stake Account</h2><p>ทุกๆ staking instructions จะถูกควบคุมโดย <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#stake-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Stake Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. เราจะเริ่มจากการสร้าง <a href="https://docs.solana.com/staking/stake-accounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Stake Account<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ซึ่งจะถูกสร้างและ จัดการแตกต่างไปจาก <a href="/th/references/accounts.html#create-a-system-account" class="">system account</a>. โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งเราต้องตั้งค่า <code>Stake Authority</code>และ <code>Withdrawal Authority</code> ของ account</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we'll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span>
<span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We'll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span>
stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we're creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span>
<span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We'll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span>
stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we're creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="delegate-stake" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#delegate-stake" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Delegate Stake</h2><p>เมื่อ stake account ได้รับการลงทุนแล้ว <code>Stake Authority</code> ก็จะสามารถ delegate ทุนนั้นไปที่ validator ได้โดยแต่ละ stake account จะสามารถ delegat ไปที่ validator เดียว โดยทุกๆ tokens ใน account จะต้อง delegated หรือ un-delegated. เมื่อ delegated แล้วจะใช้ผ่าน epochs ไปช่วงหนึ่งเพื่อที่ stake account จะอยู่ในสถานะ active</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we'll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span>
<span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We'll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span>
stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we're creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// To delegate our stake, we first have to select a validator. Here we get all validators and select the first active one.</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> validators <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidator <span class="token operator">=</span> validators<span class="token punctuation">.</span>current<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidatorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>selectedValidator<span class="token punctuation">.</span>votePubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span>
stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span>
stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="ดึงข้อมูล-delegator-ด้วย-validators" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ดึงข้อมูล-delegator-ด้วย-validators" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ดึงข้อมูล Delegator ด้วย Validators</h2><p>Multiple accounts อาจจะ staked ไปที่ validator account ที่ใดที่หนึ่ง ในการที่จะดึงข้อมูลคน stake เราจะต้องใช้ <code>getProgramAccounts</code> หรือ <code>getParsedProgramAccounts</code> API. อ้างถึง <a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="">guides section</a> สำหรับข่อมูลเพิ่มเติม ส่วนของ stake accounts จะมีขนาด 200 bytes และ Voter Public Key จะเริ่มที่ 124 bytes. <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/e960634909a9617fb98d5d836c9c4c5e0d9d59cc/sdk/program/src/stake/state.rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Reference<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">124</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Accounts for program </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Total number of delegators found for </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> is: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Sample delegator:</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
// Output
Accounts for program Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111:
Total number of delegators found for 27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x is: 184
Sample delegator:
{
"account": {
"data": {
"parsed": {
"info": {
"meta": {
"authorized": {
"staker": "3VDVh3rHTLkNJp6FVYbuFcaihYBFCQX5VSBZk23ckDGV",
"withdrawer": "EhYXq3ANp5nAerUpbSgd7VK2RRcxK1zNuSQ755G5Mtxx"
},
"lockup": {
"custodian": "3XdBZcURF5nKg3oTZAcfQZg8XEc5eKsx6vK8r3BdGGxg",
"epoch": 0,
"unixTimestamp": 1822867200
},
"rentExemptReserve": "2282880"
},
"stake": {
"creditsObserved": 58685367,
"delegation": {
"activationEpoch": "208",
"deactivationEpoch": "18446744073709551615",
"stake": "433005300621",
"voter": "27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x",
"warmupCooldownRate": 0.25
}
}
},
"type": "delegated"
},
"program": "stake",
"space": 200
},
"executable": false,
"lamports": 433012149261,
"owner": {
"_bn": "06a1d8179137542a983437bdfe2a7ab2557f535c8a78722b68a49dc000000000"
},
"rentEpoch": 264
},
"pubkey": {
"_bn": "0dc8b506f95e52c9ac725e714c7078799dd3268df562161411fe0916a4dc0a43"
}
}
*/</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">124</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Accounts for program </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Total number of delegators found for </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> is: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Sample delegator:</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
// Output
Accounts for program Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111:
Total number of delegators found for 27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x is: 184
Sample delegator:
{
"account": {
"data": {
"parsed": {
"info": {
"meta": {
"authorized": {
"staker": "3VDVh3rHTLkNJp6FVYbuFcaihYBFCQX5VSBZk23ckDGV",
"withdrawer": "EhYXq3ANp5nAerUpbSgd7VK2RRcxK1zNuSQ755G5Mtxx"
},
"lockup": {
"custodian": "3XdBZcURF5nKg3oTZAcfQZg8XEc5eKsx6vK8r3BdGGxg",
"epoch": 0,
"unixTimestamp": 1822867200
},
"rentExemptReserve": "2282880"
},
"stake": {
"creditsObserved": 58685367,
"delegation": {
"activationEpoch": "208",
"deactivationEpoch": "18446744073709551615",
"stake": "433005300621",
"voter": "27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x",
"warmupCooldownRate": 0.25
}
}
},
"type": "delegated"
},
"program": "stake",
"space": 200
},
"executable": false,
"lamports": 433012149261,
"owner": {
"_bn": "06a1d8179137542a983437bdfe2a7ab2557f535c8a78722b68a49dc000000000"
},
"rentEpoch": 264
},
"pubkey": {
"_bn": "0dc8b506f95e52c9ac725e714c7078799dd3268df562161411fe0916a4dc0a43"
}
}
*/</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="ยกเลิก-stake" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ยกเลิก-stake" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ยกเลิก Stake</h2><p>หลังจาก stake account ได้ delegated ไปแล้ว <code>Stake Authority</code> จะสามารถเลือกที่จะยกเลิก (deactivate) account ได้ โดยการ deactivation จะต้องเว้น epochs อยู่ระยะหนึ่งก่อนจะยกเบิกสำเร็จ และจำเป็นต้อวรอช่วงนี้ก่อนที่จะถอน SOL ออกมาได้</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we'll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span>
<span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We'll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span>
stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we're creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// To delegate our stake, we first have to select a validator. Here we get all validators and select the first active one.</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> validators <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidator <span class="token operator">=</span> validators<span class="token punctuation">.</span>current<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidatorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>selectedValidator<span class="token punctuation">.</span>votePubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span>
stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// At anytime we can choose to deactivate our stake. Our stake account must be inactive before we can withdraw funds.</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
deactivateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account deactivated. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>deactivateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be inactive.</span>
stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// At anytime we can choose to deactivate our stake. Our stake account must be inactive before we can withdraw funds.</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
deactivateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account deactivated. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>deactivateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be inactive.</span>
stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="ถอน-stake" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ถอน-stake" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ถอน Stake</h2><p>หลังจาก deactivated <code>Withdrawal Authority</code> จะสามารถถอน (withdraw) SOL กลับไปที่ system account เมื่อ stake accountไม่ได้ delegated แล้ว และมี 0 SOL มันก็จะสามารถถูกทำลายได้</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Authorized<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Lockup<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Create a keypair for our stake account</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> stakeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Calculate how much we want to stake</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>space
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> amountUserWantsToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// This is can be user input. For now, we'll hardcode to 0.5 SOL</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> amountToStake <span class="token operator">=</span> minimumRent <span class="token operator">+</span> amountUserWantsToStake<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span>
<span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We'll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span>
stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we're creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// To delegate our stake, we first have to select a validator. Here we get all validators and select the first active one.</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> validators <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidator <span class="token operator">=</span> validators<span class="token punctuation">.</span>current<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> selectedValidatorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>selectedValidator<span class="token punctuation">.</span>votePubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span>
stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// At anytime we can choose to deactivate our stake. Our stake account must be inactive before we can withdraw funds.</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
deactivateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account deactivated. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>deactivateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be inactive.</span>
stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Once deactivated, we can withdraw our SOL back to our main wallet</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">withdraw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeBalance<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Withdraw the full balance at the time of the transaction</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> withdrawTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account withdrawn. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>withdrawTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Confirm that our stake account balance is now 0</span>
stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Once deactivated, we can withdraw our SOL back to our main wallet</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">withdraw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeBalance<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Withdraw the full balance at the time of the transaction</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> withdrawTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account withdrawn. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>withdrawTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Confirm that our stake account balance is now 0</span>
stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: katopz@gmail.com">Todsaporn Banjerdkit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#วิธีสร้าง-keypair-ใหม่" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธีสร้าง Keypair ใหม่"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธีสร้าง Keypair ใหม่ <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#วิธี-restore-a-keypair-from-a-secret" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธี restore a 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mnemonic phrase <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#วิธีกู้-keypair-จาก-mnemonic-phrase" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธีกู้ Keypair จาก mnemonic phrase"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธีกู้ Keypair จาก mnemonic phrase <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#วิธี-generate-a-vanity-address" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธี generate a vanity address"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธี generate a vanity address <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#วิธี-sign-และ-verify-messages-with-wallets" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธี sign และ verify messages with wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธี sign และ verify messages with wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a 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<!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="keypairs-และ-wallets" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#keypairs-และ-wallets" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Keypairs และ Wallets</h1><h2 id="วิธีสร้าง-keypair-ใหม่" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีสร้าง-keypair-ใหม่" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีสร้าง Keypair ใหม่</h2><p>actions ต่างๆ บน Solana libraries ต้องการ Keypair หรือ Wallet ถ้าเราเชื่อมกับ wallet อยู่แล้ว เราก็ไม่ต้องห่วงอะไร หรือถ้าเราต้องการ keypair เราก็แค่ต้องสร้างมันขึ้นมา</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair
keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ generate_keypair.cpp -o generate_keypair -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">"solana.hpp"</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">"public_key = "</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ solana-keygen new
<span class="token comment"># pubkey: 9ZNTfG4NyQgxy2SWjSiQoUyBPEvXT2xo7fKc5hPYYJ7b</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen new
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธี-restore-a-keypair-from-a-secret" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธี-restore-a-keypair-from-a-secret" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธี restore a Keypair from a secret</h2><p>ถ้าเรามี secret อยู่แล้วเราก็จะสามารถสร้าง Keypair จาก secret นั้นเพื่อทดสอบ dApp ของเราได้เลย</p><ol><li>สร้างจาก Bytes</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair
secret_key<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Created Keypair with Public Key: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>secret_key<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ keypair_from_seed.cpp -o keypair_from_seed -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">"solana.hpp"</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> bytes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">"Created Keypair with Public Key: "</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> secret_key<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> secret_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Created keypair: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> secret_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># input your secret into the Keypath listed under solana config get</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># input your secret into the Keypath listed under solana config get</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><ol start="2"><li>สร้างจาก Base58 String</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair
b58_string <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG"</span>
keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span>b58_string<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Created Keypair with Public Key: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>b58_string <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG"</span>
keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span>b58_string<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_base58_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Created keypair: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_base58_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธี-verify-a-keypair" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธี-verify-a-keypair" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธี verify a Keypair</h2><p>ถ้าเราได้ keypair มา เราสามารถตรวจสอบมันได้ว่า secret นั้นตรงกับ public key หรือเปล่า</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> publicKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// true</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> publicKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// true</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair
<span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey
public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
keys <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keys<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># True</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
keys <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keys<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># True</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ verify_keypair.cpp -o verify_keypair -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">"solana.hpp"</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
PublicKey public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> bytes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>PublicKey public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">uint8_t</span> bytes<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Keypair key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen verify <span class="token operator"><</span>PUBKEY<span class="token operator">></span> prompt://
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen verify <span class="token operator"><</span>PUBKEY<span class="token operator">></span> prompt://
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธี-check-if-a-public-key-has-an-associated-private-key" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธี-check-if-a-public-key-has-an-associated-private-key" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธี check if a public key has an associated private key</h2><p>ในบางกรณีเฉพาะ (เช่น a Program Derived Address), public keys อาจจะไม่มี private key เราสามารถตรวจสอบโดยดูว่า public key อยู่บน ed25519 curve หรือไม่ เพราะ public keys ที่อยู่บน curve สามารถควบคุมได้จากผู้ใช้งานที่ถือ wallet นั้นอยู่</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Note that Keypair.generate() will always give a public key that is valid for users</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isOnCurve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Lies on the ed25519 curve and is suitable for users</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> offCurveAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4BJXYkfvg37zEmBbsacZjeQDpTNx91KppxFJxRqrz48e"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isOnCurve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>offCurveAddress<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Not on the ed25519 curve, therefore not suitable for users</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> errorPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"testPubkey"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Is not a valid public key</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isOnCurve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey
<span class="token comment"># Note that Keypair() will always give a public key that is valid for users</span>
key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Valid public key</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_on_curve<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Lies on the ed25519 curve and is suitable for users</span>
off_curve_address <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'4BJXYkfvg37zEmBbsacZjeQDpTNx91KppxFJxRqrz48e'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Valid public key</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>off_curve_address<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_on_curve<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># Not on the ed25519 curve, therefore not suitable for users</span>
error_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"testPubkey"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment"># Is not a valid public key</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>key <span class="token operator">=</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_string<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_on_curve<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string"><iostream></span></span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string"><solana_sdk.h></span></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Note that Keypair::new() will always give a public key that is valid for users</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"{:?}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Lies on the ed25519 curve and is suitable for users</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> off_curve_address <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"4BJXYkfvg37zEmBbsacZjeQDpTNx91KppxFJxRqrz48e"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Valid public key</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"{:?}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> off_curve_address<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Not on the ed25519 curve, therefore not suitable for users</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> error_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"testPubkey"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Is not a valid public key</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"{:?}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_on_curve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธี-generate-a-mnemonic-phrase" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธี-generate-a-mnemonic-phrase" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธี generate a mnemonic phrase</h2><p>ถ้าเราสร้าง wallet เราต้องสร้าง mnemonic phrase เพื่อให้ user สามารถเก็บสำรองไว้</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bip39 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bip39"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generateMnemonic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generateMnemonic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> mnemonic <span class="token keyword">import</span> Mnemonic
mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"english"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
words <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>generate<span class="token punctuation">(</span>strength<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">256</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"english"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
words <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>generate<span class="token punctuation">(</span>strength<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">256</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen new
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen new
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีกู้-keypair-จาก-mnemonic-phrase" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีกู้-keypair-จาก-mnemonic-phrase" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีกู้ Keypair จาก mnemonic phrase</h2><p>หลายๆ wallet extensions ใช้ mnemonics เพื่อใช้แทน secret keys เราสามารถเปลี่ยน mnemonic ไปเป็น Keypairs เพื่อทดสอบที่ local ได้</p><ol><li>BIP39 - สร้าง wallet 1 ตัว</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bip39 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bip39"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token string">"pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5ZWj7a1f8tWkjBESHKgrLmXshuXxqeY9SYcfbshpAqPG</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token string">"pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair
<span class="token keyword">from</span> mnemonic <span class="token keyword">import</span> Mnemonic
mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"english"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
seed <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>to_seed<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Created Keypair with Public Key: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>mnemo <span class="token operator">=</span> Mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"english"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
seed <span class="token operator">=</span> mnemo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>to_seed<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><ol start="2"><li>BIP44 (สร้างหลาย wallets หรือที่เรียกว่า HD wallets)</li></ol><p>เราสามารถสร้างหลาย wallets จาก seed เดียวหรือที่เราเรียกว่า 'Hierarchical Deterministic wallets' หรือ HD wallets:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> HDKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"micro-ed25519-hdkey"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bip39 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bip39"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token string">"neither lonely flavor argue grass remind eye tag avocado spot unusual intact"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> hd <span class="token operator">=</span> HDKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromMasterSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"hex"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> path <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">m/44'/501'/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>i<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">'/0'</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hd<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">derive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>path<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>privateKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>path<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> => </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token string">"neither lonely flavor argue grass remind eye tag avocado spot unusual intact"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> path <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">m/44'/501'/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>i<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">'/0'</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">derivePath</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>path<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"hex"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>path<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> => </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover <span class="token string">'prompt:?key=0/0'</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen recover <span class="token string">'prompt:?key=0/0'</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธี-generate-a-vanity-address" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธี-generate-a-vanity-address" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธี generate a vanity address</h2><p>Vanity public keys หรือ custom addresses คือ keys ที่เริ่มด้วยตัวอักษรที่เฉพาะเจาะจง เช่น เราอาจจะต้องการ publickey ที่ขึ้นต้้นด้วย "elv1s" หรือ "cook" ซึ่งมันจะทำให้จำไดง่ายขึ้นว่าเป็นของใคร ทำให้ key สามารถแยกแยะกันได้ง่ายขึ้น</p><p>Note: ยิ่งระบุ characters ใน vanity address มากเท่าไหร่ ก็จะยิ่งใช้เวลาในการค้นหา address นานขึ้น</p><div class="custom-container warning"><p class="custom-container-title">WARNING</p><p>คุณควรใช้ CLI ในการสร้าง ทั้งตัวอย่าง Python และ TypeScript เป็นเพียงแค่การทำให้เห็นภาพมากขึ้นเท่านั้น และมันจะทำงานช้ากว่าบน CLI อีกด้วย</p></div><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">startsWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"elv1s"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">startsWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"elv1s"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair
keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token string">"elv1s"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span>
keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Created Keypair with Public Key: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token string">"elv1s"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span>
keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ vanity_keypair.cpp -o vanity_keypair -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">"solana.hpp"</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">substr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token string">"elv1s"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">"Created Keypair with Public Key: "</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">substr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token string">"elv1s"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen grind --starts-with e1v1s:1
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-keygen grind --starts-with e1v1s:1
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธี-sign-และ-verify-messages-with-wallets" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธี-sign-และ-verify-messages-with-wallets" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธี sign และ verify messages with wallets</h2><p>function หลักของ keypair คือ sign message และยังเอาไว้ตรวจสอบ signature ได้ด้วย ซึ่งการตรวจสอบ signature จะทำให้ผู้รับมั่นใจได้ว่าข้อมูลถูก sign ด้วยเจ้าของ private key นั้นจริงๆ</p><p>เพื่อที่จะทำตัวอย่างกันเราจะ import <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/tweetnacl" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TweetNaCl<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> crypto library มาใช้</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> nacl <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"tweetnacl"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> decodeUTF8 <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"tweetnacl-util"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> messageBytes <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">decodeUTF8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span>detached<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> messageBytes <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">decodeUTF8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span>detached<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair
secret_key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>from_bytes<span class="token punctuation">(</span>secret_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">b"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"</span>
signature <span class="token operator">=</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign_message<span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
verify_sign <span class="token operator">=</span> signature<span class="token punctuation">.</span>verify<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>verify_sign<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># bool</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">b"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"</span>
signature <span class="token operator">=</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign_message<span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
verify_sign <span class="token operator">=</span> signature<span class="token punctuation">.</span>verify<span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>verify_sign<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># bool</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีเชื่อมต่อกับ-wallet" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีเชื่อมต่อกับ-wallet" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีเชื่อมต่อกับ wallet</h2><p>Solana's <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/wallet-adapter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">wallet-adapter<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> libraries จะช่วยทำให้เราจัดการเชื่อมต่อ wallet ที่ฝั่ง client ได้อย่างง่ายดาย</p><h3 id="react" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#react" aria-hidden="true">#</a> React</h3><p>Run คำสั่งข้างล่างเพื่อติดตั้ง dependencies ที่ต้องใช้:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>yarn add @solana/wallet-adapter-react @solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui @solana/wallet-adapter-base @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>React wallet-adapter libraries จะทำให้เราคงสถานะการเชื่อมต่อ wallet ผ่าน hooks และ Context providers ที่ชื่อว่า <code>useWallet</code>, <code>WalletProvider</code>, <code>useConnection</code>, และ <code>ConnectionProvider</code> React App ต้องครอบไว้ด้วย <code>WalletProvider</code> และ <code>ConnectionProvider</code></p><p>นอกจากนี้เรายังสามารถบอกให้ users เชื่อมต่อโดยใช้ <code>useWalletModal</code> เพื่อสลับการมองเห็น connection modal และครอบ app ไว้ด้วย <code>WalletModalProvider</code> จาก <code>@solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui</code> ได้ด้วย. ตัว connection modal จะควบคุมการทำงาน connection ให้เรา ทำให้เราสามารถ listen ไว้ได้ว่า wallet เชื่อมต่อแล้ว. เราจะรู้ว่า wallet เชื่อมต่อแล้วเมื่อการตอบกลับของ <code>useWallet</code> มีค่า <code>wallet</code> อยู่ (ไม่ null). และตรงข้ามกันถ้า wallet ค่าเป็น null แสดงว่าเรายังไม่ได้เชื่อมต่อ (disconnected).</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> React<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useMemo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PropsWithChildren <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"react"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
ConnectionProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
WalletProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/wallet-adapter-react"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletModalProvider <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletAdapterNetwork <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/wallet-adapter-base"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
LedgerWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PhantomWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SlopeWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TorusWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/wallet-adapter-wallets"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/wallet-adapter-react"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useWalletModal <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> MouseEventHandler <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"react"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> Web3Provider<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token operator"><</span>PropsWithChildren<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token operator">>></span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> children <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Can be set to 'devnet', 'testnet', or 'mainnet-beta'</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> endpoint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useMemo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>WalletAdapterNetwork<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Devnet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets includes all the adapters but supports tree shaking --</span>
<span class="token comment">// Only the wallets you configure here will be compiled into your application</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallets <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useMemo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PhantomWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SlopeWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TorusWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">LedgerWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">ConnectionProvider</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">endpoint</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>endpoint<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">WalletModalProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">WalletProvider</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">wallets</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>wallets<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>children<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span><span class="token class-name">WalletProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span><span class="token class-name">WalletModalProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span><span class="token class-name">ConnectionProvider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/**
* Make sure to wrap the App with
* ConnectionProvider, WalletProvider, and WalletModalProvider.
*
* If you have a lot of Providers already, you can combine them
* into a single wrapper (i.e. Web3Provider) instead.
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">App</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Web3Provider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">AppChild</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span><span class="token class-name">Web3Provider</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">AppChild</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> wallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> setVisible <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWalletModal</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Display the connection modal</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">onRequestConnectWallet</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">setVisible</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Prompt user to connect wallet</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onRequestConnectWallet<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Connect Wallet</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Wallet successfully connected!</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> wallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> setVisible <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWalletModal</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">onRequestConnectWallet</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">setVisible</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Prompt the user to connect their wallet</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onRequestConnectWallet<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Connect Wallet</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Displays the connected wallet address</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Wallet successfully connected!</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>main</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="vue" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#vue" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Vue</h3><p>Run คำสั่งข้างล่างเพื่อติดตั้ง dependencies ที่ต้องใช้:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>npm install solana-wallets-vue @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><a href="https://github.com/lorisleiva/solana-wallets-vue" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Wallets Vue<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> plugin จะทำให้เราสามาร initialise wallet store และ สร้าง global <code>$wallet</code> ที่สามารถเข้าถึงได้จากทุกๆ component. ทุก properties และ methods ที่เราสามารถ อ่านค่าได้จาก <code>useWallet()</code> จะมีแสดงไว้ <a href="https://github.com/lorisleiva/solana-wallets-vue#usewallet-references" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ที่นี่<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. เราจะ import และ render WalletMultiButton component เพื่อให้ผู้ใช้สามารถเลือกและเชื่อมต่อ wallet ได้</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Vue</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-vue ext-vue line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-vue"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">setup</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletMultiButton <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"solana-wallets-vue"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
LedgerWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PhantomWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SlopeWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TorusWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/wallet-adapter-wallets"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> initWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"solana-wallets-vue"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallets <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">wallets</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PhantomWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SlopeWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TorusWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">LedgerWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">initWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallets<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connected<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-if</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>connected<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
Wallet with public key {{ wallet.publicKey }} successfully connected!
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-else</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-vue ext-vue line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-vue"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">setup</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletMultiButton <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"solana-wallets-vue"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="svelte" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#svelte" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Svelte</h3><p>Run คำสั่งข้างล่างเพื่อติดตั้ง dependencies ที่ต้องใช้:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>npm install @svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-core @svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-ui @solana/wallet-adapter-base @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets @solana/web3.js
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><a href="https://github.com/svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Svelte Wallet Adapter<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> package จะทำให้เราสามารถเพิ่ม Svelte Store (<code>$walletStore</code>) ที่เข้าถึงได้ทั้ง JS, TS และ/หรือ Svelte files ใน project ที่สร้างด้วย Svelte Template หรือ SvelteKit. โดยใช้ repo <a href="https://github.com/svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter/blob/master/packages/core/README.md/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ที่นี่<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> เราสามารถที่จะใช้ adapter สำหรับ SSR หรือ SPA. ส่วน UI package จะมี <code><WalletMultiButton /></code> component เพื่อให้ผู้ใช้สามารถเลือกและเชื่อมต่อ wallet ได้</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Svelte</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> walletStore <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-core"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
WalletProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
WalletMultiButton<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
ConnectionProvider<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-ui"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
PhantomWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SolflareWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TorusWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
LedgerWalletAdapter<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/wallet-adapter-wallets"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> localStorageKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"walletAdapter"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> network <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// localhost or mainnet</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> wallets <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PhantomWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SolflareWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TorusWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">LedgerWalletAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>WalletProvider</span> <span class="token attr-name">{localStorageKey}</span> <span class="token attr-name">{wallets}</span> <span class="token attr-name">autoConnect</span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>ConnectionProvider</span> <span class="token attr-name">{network}</span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span>
{#if $walletStore?.connected} Wallet with public key {$walletStore.publicKey}
successfully connected! {:else}
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>WalletMultiButton</span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span>
{/if}
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> walletStore <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-core"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletMultiButton <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-ui"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
{#if $walletStore?.connected} Wallet with public key {$walletStore.publicKey}
successfully connected! {:else}
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>WalletMultiButton</span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span>
{/if}
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: 91437574+partiallysorted@users.noreply.github.com">Partially Sorted</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: katopz@gmail.com">Todsaporn Banjerdkit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/dist/th/references/accounts.html
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href="/th/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking กับ Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking กับ Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การติดตั้ง"><!--[--><!--]--> การติดตั้ง <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">แนวความคิดหลัก <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">แนวทาง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">อ้างอิง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/accounts.html#วิธีสร้าง-system-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธีสร้าง system account"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธีสร้าง system account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/accounts.html#วิธีคํานวณ-account-cost" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธีคำนวณ account cost"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธีคำนวณ account cost <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/accounts.html#วิธีสร้าง-accounts-ด้วย-seeds" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธีสร้าง accounts ด้วย seeds"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธีสร้าง accounts ด้วย seeds <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/accounts.html#generate" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Generate"><!--[--><!--]--> Generate <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/accounts.html#create" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Create"><!--[--><!--]--> Create <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/accounts.html#transfer" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Transfer"><!--[--><!--]--> Transfer <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/accounts.html#วิธีสร้าง-pdas" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธีสร้าง PDAs"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธีสร้าง PDAs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/accounts.html#การสร้าง-pda" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="การสร้าง PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> การสร้าง PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/accounts.html#ศร้าง-pda" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="ศร้าง PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> ศร้าง PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/accounts.html#วิธี-sign-ด้วย-pda" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธี sign ด้วย PDA"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธี sign ด้วย PDA <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/accounts.html#program-1" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/accounts.html#client-1" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Client"><!--[--><!--]--> Client <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/accounts.html#วิธีดึงข้อมูล-program-accounts" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธีดึงข้อมูล program accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธีดึงข้อมูล program accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/accounts.html#วิธีปิด-accounts" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธีปิด accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธีปิด accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/accounts.html#วิธีดึงข้อมูล-account-balance" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธีดึงข้อมูล account balance"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธีดึงข้อมูล account balance <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Accounts</h1><h2 id="วิธีสร้าง-system-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีสร้าง-system-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีสร้าง system account</h2><p>ในการสร้าง account ที่ <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/javascript-reference#systemprogram" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">System Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> เป็นเจ้าของ Solana runtime จะให้สิทธิ์เจ้าของ account สามารถเข้าถึงได้เพื่อเขียน data หรือ transfer lamports เมื่อสร้าง account เราจะต้องจองพื้นที่ storage space เป็น bytes ไว้ก่อนจำนวนหนึ่ง (<code>พื้นที่</code>) และ lamports ที่เพียงพอสำหรับค่า rent ซึ่ง <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rent<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> นี้คือค่า cost ที่มีไว้เพื่อทำให้เรา accounts คงอยู่บน Solana</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> fromPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Airdrop SOL for transferring lamports to the created account</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// amount of space to reserve for the account</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Seed the created account with lamports for rent exemption</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> rentExemptionAmount <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>space<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> newAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountParams <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentExemptionAmount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createAccountParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createAccountTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountParams <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentExemptionAmount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createAccountParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createAccountTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> from_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> from_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>from_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Transaction: {} Status: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Error requesting airdrop"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_exemption_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> connection
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>space<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> new_account_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> new_account_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>new_account_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>new_account_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
rent_exemption_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>create_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span>from_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>new_account_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>create_account_tx<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Transaction: {} Status: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Error creating system account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>new_account_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
rent_exemption_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>create_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>from_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span>from_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>new_account_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>create_account_tx<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Transaction: {} Status: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Error creating system account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีคํานวณ-account-cost" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีคํานวณ-account-cost" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีคำนวณ account cost</h2><p>การทำให้ accounts ให้คงอยู่บน Solana จะต้องมีค่า storage cost ที่เรียกว่า <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">rent<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ซึ่ง account จะไม่ถูกเก็บค่า rent ถ้าจ่ายค่า rent ทิ้งไว้แล้วอย่างน้อย 2 ปี ส่วนการคำนวณราาคาที่ต้องจ่ายนั้นเราจะคิดตามจำนวน data ที่เราจะเก็บไว้ใน account</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// length of data in the account to calculate rent for</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> dataLength <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1500</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> rentExemptionAmount <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dataLength<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
rentExemptionAmount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> data_length <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1500</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_exemption_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> connection
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data_length<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"rent exemption amount: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> rent_exemption_amount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana rent <span class="token number">1500</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีสร้าง-accounts-ด้วย-seeds" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีสร้าง-accounts-ด้วย-seeds" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีสร้าง accounts ด้วย seeds</h2><p>เราสามารถใช้ <code>createAccountWithSeed</code> เพื่อจัดการ accounts แทนที่จะใช้ keypair ที่แตกต่างกัน</p><h3 id="generate" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#generate" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Generate</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> basePubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"robot001"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> base_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"robot001"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">id</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"account pubkey: {:?}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> base_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"robot001"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">id</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"account pubkey: {:?}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="create" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#create" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Create</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> base <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> basePubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> base<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"robot001"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> derived <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccountWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// funder</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
base<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccountWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// funder</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> fee_payer_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> fee_payer_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>fee_payer_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> base_keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> base_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>base_keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"robot001"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">id</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Transaction: {} Status: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Error requesting airdrop"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span>fee_payer_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>base_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Transaction: {} Status: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Error creating account with seed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> derived_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account_with_seed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>derived_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>base_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>fee_payer_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span>fee_payer_keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>base_keypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="transfer" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#transfer" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Transfer</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> base <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> basePubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> base<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"robot001"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> derived <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// create a random receiver</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.01</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
base<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// create a random receiver</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.01</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>เฉพาะ account ที่ system program เป็นเจ้าของถึงจะสามารถส่งด้วย system program ได้</p></div><h2 id="วิธีสร้าง-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีสร้าง-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีสร้าง PDAs</h2><p><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-derived-addresses" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Program derived address(PDA)<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> จะเหมือน address ทั่วไปที่มีข้อแตกต่างดังนี้</p><ol><li>อยู่นอก ed25519 curve</li><li>ต้องใช้ program เพื่อ sign แทนที่จะเป็น private key</li></ol><p><strong>Note</strong>: PDA accounts สามารถสร้างได้ใน program เท่านั้น ส่วน address นั้นสามารถสร้างได้จากฝั่ง client</p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>ถึงแม้ว่า PDA จะ derived ด้วย program id แต่มันก็ไม่ได้หมายความว่า PDA จะเป็นของ program เดียวกันนั้น (ตัวอย่างเช่นเราสามารถ initialize PDA เป็น token account โดยที่ account นี้มี token program เป็นเจ้าของ)</p></div><h3 id="การสร้าง-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#การสร้าง-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> การสร้าง PDA</h3><p><code>findProgramAddress</code> จะเพิ่ม byte พิเศษเข้าไปในตอนท้ายของ seed โดยจะเริ่มจาก 255 ไปถึง 0 และจะส่งค่าแรกของ off-curve public key กลับมาให้ ซึ่งเราจะได้รับค่าเดิมเสมอถ้าเราใส่ program id และ seed เดิมเข้าไป</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"G1DCNUQTSGHehwdLCAmRyAG8hf51eCHrLNUqkgGKYASj"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"test"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">bump: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>bump<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// you will find the result is different from `createProgramAddress`.</span>
<span class="token comment">// It is expected because the real seed we used to calculate is ["test" + bump]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"G1DCNUQTSGHehwdLCAmRyAG8hf51eCHrLNUqkgGKYASj"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b"test"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"pda: {}, bump: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="ศร้าง-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ศร้าง-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ศร้าง PDA</h3><p>ข้างล่างคือตัวอย่าง program สำหรับสร้าง PDA account ที่ program เป็นเจ้าของและ ตัวอย่างสำหรับเรียก program ด้วย client.</p><h4 id="program" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#program" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Program</h4><p>ข้างล่างนี้คือ <code>system_instruction::create_account</code> instruction ที่เอาไว้สร้าง account ที่จะมีการจองพื้นที่ที่มีขนาดข้อมูลเท่ากับขนาดของ <code>space</code>, <code>rent_lamports</code> คือ จำนวนของ lamports สำหรับ derived PDA. ทั้งหมดนี้จะถูก signed ด้วย PDA โดยใช้ <code>invoke_signed</code> ที่เคยบอกไปแล้วด้านบน</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_sysvar_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// find space and minimum rent required for account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> space <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> bump <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent_sysvar_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>space<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h4 id="client" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#client" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Client</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// program id</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"7ZP42kRwUQ2zgbqXoaXzAFaiQnDyp6swNktTSv8mNQGN"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// setup fee payer</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayerAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// setup pda</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">bump: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>bump<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> data_size <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>data_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>data_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธี-sign-ด้วย-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธี-sign-ด้วย-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธี sign ด้วย PDA</h2><p>PDAs จะถูก sign ได้ใน program เท่านั้น ด้านล่างนี้คือตัวอย่าง program ของการ sign ด้วย PDA และเรียก program นั้นด้วย client.</p><h3 id="program-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#program-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Program</h3><p>ข้างล่างนี้คือ instruction ที่เอาไว้ส่ง SOL จาก PDA ที่ถูก derived ด้วย seed <code>escrow</code> ผ่านไปที่ account และในส่วน <code>invoke_signed</code> จะถูก sign ด้วย PDA.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
_program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> to_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// pass bump seed for saving compute budget</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> bump_seed <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">100_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_program_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b"escrow"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">100_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_program_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b"escrow"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="client-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#client-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Client</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// program id</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4wQC2yuVt4rbcPeYLK8WngqbYLg7UAahVjRFrK3NBjP6"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// setup fee payer</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayerAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// setup pda</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"escrow"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">bump: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>bump<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// require 1 SOL for the transfering in the program</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> pdaAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pdaAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// create a random `to`</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> to <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">receiver: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>to<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Leave `false` here although we need a pda as a signer.</span>
<span class="token comment">// It will be escalated on program if we use invoke_signed.</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> to<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Leave `false` here although we need a pda as a signer.</span>
<span class="token comment">// It will be escalated on program if we use invoke_signed.</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> to<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีดึงข้อมูล-program-accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีดึงข้อมูล-program-accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีดึงข้อมูล program accounts</h2><p>คืนค่าทุกๆ accounts ที่ program เป็นเจ้าของ โดยจะอ้างถึง <a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="">guides section</a> สำหรับรายละเอียดของ <code>getProgramAccounts</code> และตัวเลือกการตั้งค่า</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Accounts for program </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
// Output
Accounts for program 6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U:
[
{
account: {
data: <Buffer 60 06 66 ca 2c 1d c7 85 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fc>,
executable: false,
lamports: 1064880,
owner: [PublicKey],
rentEpoch: 228
},
pubkey: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: 82fc5b91154dc5c840cb464ba6a89212d0fd789367c0a1488fb1941d78f9727a>
}
},
{
account: {
data: <Buffer 60 06 66 ca 2c 1d c7 85 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fd>,
executable: false,
lamports: 1064880,
owner: [PublicKey],
rentEpoch: 229
},
pubkey: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: 404dc1fe368cf194f20cf3c681a071c61893ced98f65cda12ba5a147e984e669>
}
}
]
*/</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_program_accounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"accounts for {}, {:?}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H <span class="token string">"Content-Type: application/json"</span> -d <span class="token string">'
{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"getProgramAccounts", "params":["6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U"]}
'</span>
<span class="token comment"># Output</span>
<span class="token comment"># {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{"account":{"data":"fe2kiXpgfrjWQjCPX3n5MB339Ayqav75ej","executable":false,"lamports":1064880,"owner":"6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U","rentEpoch":228},"pubkey":"9pKBrUtJU9GNmct6T2BQtiKqvubtjS9D2if2bm1P8TQd"},{"account":{"data":"fe2kiXpgfrjVs7hiZJNVFsbJUuhXhFx3pQ","executable":false,"lamports":1064880,"owner":"6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U","rentEpoch":229},"pubkey":"5L1rztbopmgGMWPKb2efoGyhGnrBJm6K53Hf9S4nxdHr"}],"id":1}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีปิด-accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีปิด-accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีปิด accounts</h2><p>เราสามารถปิด account (ลบ data ทิ้งทั้งหมด) ได้ด้วยการเอา SOL ออกทั้งหมด (อ้างถึง <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">rent<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> สำหรับรายละเอียดเพิ่มเติม)</p><h4 id="program-2" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#program-2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Program</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
_program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> source_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> dest_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> dest_starting_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_starting_lamports
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">checked_add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> source_data <span class="token operator">=</span> source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
source_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fill</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> dest_starting_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_starting_lamports
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">checked_add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> source_data <span class="token operator">=</span> source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
source_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fill</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h4 id="client-2" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#client-2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Client</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// setup fee payer</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayerAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// remember to deploy your program first</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"An47uBJ8kY7hzKPzDyRoFSsDHkZFY9vkfUGpTViWqLFz"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1. create an account to your program</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> newAccountKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">new account: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> createNewAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// a random value</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">create account txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
createNewAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2. close your account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> closeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">close account txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>closeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1. create an account to your program</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> createNewAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// a random value</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2. close your account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> closeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีดึงข้อมูล-account-balance" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีดึงข้อมูล-account-balance" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีดึงข้อมูล account balance</h2><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"The account {}, has {} SOL "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
balance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair
<span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client
client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_balance<span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_balance<span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ get_balance.cpp -o get_balance -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">"solana.hpp"</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">"public_key = "</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> public_key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">uint64_t</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">"balance = "</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> balance <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">auto</span> public_key <span class="token operator">=</span> key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">uint64_t</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>ถ้าเราต้องการเรียกดู token balance เราต้องรู้ address ของ token account นั้นๆ สำหรับรายเอียดเพิ่มเติมไปดูได้ที่ <a href="/th/references/token.html" class="">Token References</a></p></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: 91437574+partiallysorted@users.noreply.github.com">Partially Sorted</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: katopz@gmail.com">Todsaporn Banjerdkit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="writing-programs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#writing-programs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Writing Programs</h1><h2 id="วิธี-transfer-sol-in-a-program" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธี-transfer-sol-in-a-program" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธี transfer SOL in a program</h2><p>Solana Program ของเราสามารถส่ง lamports จาก account นึงไปอีก account นึงโดยไม่ต้อง 'ร้องขอ' (invoking) ไปที่ System program. โดยหลักเบื้องต้นก็คือ program ของเราสามารถส่ง lamports จาก account ที่ program ของเรา <strong>เป็นเจ้าของ</strong> ไปที่ account ไหนก็ได้</p><p>account ของคนรับ <em>ไม่จำเป็นต้อง</em> เป็น account ที่ program ของเราเป็นเจ้าของ</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Transfers lamports from one account (must be program owned)</span>
<span class="token comment">/// to another account. The recipient can by any account</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">transfer_service_fee_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
from_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
to_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
amount_of_lamports<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Does the from account have enough lamports to transfer?</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>from_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator"><</span> amount_of_lamports <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">CustomError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InsufficientFundsForTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Debit from_account and credit to_account</span>
<span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>from_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_mut_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">-=</span> amount_of_lamports<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>to_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_mut_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">+=</span> amount_of_lamports<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Primary function handler associated with instruction sent</span>
<span class="token comment">/// to your program</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">instruction_handler</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Get the 'from' and 'to' accounts</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> from_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> to_service_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Extract a service 'fee' of 5 lamports for performing this instruction</span>
<span class="token function">transfer_service_fee_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>from_account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_service_account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Perform the primary instruction</span>
<span class="token comment">// ... etc.</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีใช้นาฬิกา-clock-ใน-program" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีใช้นาฬิกา-clock-ใน-program" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีใช้นาฬิกา (clock) ใน program</h2><p>การใช้งาน clock สามารถทำได้ 2 แบบ</p><ol><li>ส่ง <code>SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</code> ไปใน instruction</li><li>เรียกใช้ Clock โดยตรงข้างใน instruction</li></ol><p>เราควรจะรู้จักทั้ง 2 methods เพราะใน program เก่าๆ (legacy programs) ยังคงคาดหมายว่า <code>SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</code> จะเป็น account</p><h3 id="ส่ง-clock-ในแบบ-account-ภายใน-instruction" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ส่ง-clock-ในแบบ-account-ภายใน-instruction" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ส่ง Clock ในแบบ account ภายใน instruction</h3><p>มาลองสร้าง instruction ด้วย account ที่ได้รับมาสำหรับ initializing และ sysvar pubkey</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">clock<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Payer</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 3. [] Clock sys var</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
_program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Payer account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> _payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Clock sysvar</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> sysvar_clock_pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Account initialized :)"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Type casting [AccountInfo] to [Clock]</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>sysvar_clock_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Getting timestamp</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Current Timestamp: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>sysvar_clock_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>แล้วก็ลองส่ง clock's sysvar public address ด้วย client</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"77ezihTV6mTh2Uf3ggwbYF2NyGJJ5HHah1GrdowWJVD3"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Airdropping 1 SOL</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> helloAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> accountSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// because there exists just one boolean variable</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> rentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
accountSpace
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Allocating space for hello state account</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> allocateHelloAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> accountSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Passing Clock Sys Var</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> passClockIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allocateHelloAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> passClockIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"77ezihTV6mTh2Uf3ggwbYF2NyGJJ5HHah1GrdowWJVD3"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Passing Clock Sys Var</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> passClockIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_signer<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
is_writable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>passClockIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="ใช้-clock-โดยตรงใน-instruction" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ใช้-clock-โดยตรงใน-instruction" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ใช้ Clock โดยตรงใน instruction</h3><p>สร้าง instruction ที่เหมือนกันโดยไม่คาดหวัง <code>SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</code> จากฝั่ง client</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">clock<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Payer</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
_program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Payer account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> _payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Getting clock directly</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Account initialized :)"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Getting timestamp</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Current Timestamp: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>instruction ฝั่ง client จะเหลือส่งมาเฉพาะ state และ payer accounts.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4ZEdbCtb5UyCSiAMHV5eSHfyjq3QwbG3yXb6oHD7RYjk"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Airdropping 1 SOL</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> helloAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> accountSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// because there exists just one boolean variable</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> rentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
accountSpace
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Allocating space for hello state account</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> allocateHelloAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> accountSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> initIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allocateHelloAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> initIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4ZEdbCtb5UyCSiAMHV5eSHfyjq3QwbG3yXb6oHD7RYjk"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// No more requirement to pass clock sys var key</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> initAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีเปลี่ยน-account-size" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีเปลี่ยน-account-size" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีเปลี่ยน account size</h2><p>เราสามารถเปลี่ยนขนาดของ account ที่ program เป็นเจ้าของ ได้ด้วย <code>realloc</code>. <code>realloc</code> สามารถเปลี่ยนขนาดของ accountได้ถึง 10KB เมื่อเราใช้ <code>realloc</code> มาขยายขนาดของ account อย่าลืมว่าเราต้องส่ง lamports ไปด้วยเพื่อ account นั้นไม่ถูกเก็บค่าเช่า (rent-exempt)</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">WhiteListData</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>convert<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">TryInto</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
_program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Length = BOOL + VEC + Pubkey * n (n = number of keys)</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">INITIAL_ACCOUNT_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"input: {:?}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> funding_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Initialize</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Initialize"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">b"customaddress"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">b"customaddress"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">INITIAL_ACCOUNT_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> create_pda_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">INITIAL_ACCOUNT_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>_program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>create_pda_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">WhiteListData</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>white_list <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token class-name">WhitelistInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AddKey</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"AddKey"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">WhiteListData</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> new_size <span class="token operator">=</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> new_minimum_balance <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_diff <span class="token operator">=</span> new_minimum_balance<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">saturating_sub</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_diff<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">realloc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>white_list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">// adding a publickey to the account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> new_size <span class="token operator">=</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> new_minimum_balance <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_diff <span class="token operator">=</span> new_minimum_balance<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">saturating_sub</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_diff<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">realloc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีทํา-cross-program-invocation" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีทํา-cross-program-invocation" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีทำ Cross Program Invocation</h2><p>การใช้ cross program invocation คือการเรียก program's instruction ใน program ของเรา ตัวอย่างที่ดีคือ คำสั่ง <code>swap</code> ของ Uniswap ใน <code>UniswapV2Router</code> contract จะเรียกใช้ logic ที่จำเป็นในการ swap และเรียก <code>ERC20</code> contract's transfer function เพื่อ swap จากคนนึงไปอีกคนนึง ในทางเดียวกันเราสามารถเรียก program's instruction เพื่อทำอะไรได้หลายอย่างตามที่ต้องการ</p><p>เรามาลองดูตัวอย่างแรกซึ่งก็คือ <code>SPL Token Program's transfer</code> instruction. สิ่งที่ต้องเตรียมสำหรับ accounts ที่เราต้องการจะให้มีก่ีส่งก็คือ</p><ol><li>Token Account ต้นทาง (account ที่ถือ tokens เราอยู่)</li><li>Token Account ปลายทาง (account จะส่ง tokens ให้)</li><li>Token Account เจ้าของ account ต้นทาง (wallet address ของเราที่เอาไว้ sign)</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span>instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>transfer<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 1. [writable] Source Token Account</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Destination Token Account</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 3. [signer] Source Token Account holder's PubKey</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 4. [] Token Program</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
_program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Accounts required for token transfer</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1. Token account we hold</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> source_token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2. Token account to send to</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> destination_token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 3. Our wallet address</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> source_token_account_holder <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 4. Token Program</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> token_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Parsing the token transfer amount from instruction data</span>
<span class="token comment">// a. Getting the 0th to 8th index of the u8 byte array</span>
<span class="token comment">// b. Converting the obtained non zero u8 to a proper u8 (as little endian integers)</span>
<span class="token comment">// c. Converting the little endian integers to a u64 number</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> token_transfer_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"Transferring {} tokens from {} to {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
token_transfer_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Creating a new TransactionInstruction</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
Internal representation of the instruction's return value (Result<Instruction, ProgramError>)
Ok(Instruction {
program_id: *token_program_id, // PASSED FROM USER
accounts,
data,
})
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> transfer_tokens_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>token_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
token_transfer_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_transfer <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Passing the TransactionInstruction to send</span>
<span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>transfer_tokens_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>required_accounts_for_transfer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Transfer successful"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> token_transfer_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> transfer_tokens_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>token_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
token_transfer_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_transfer <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>transfer_tokens_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>required_accounts_for_transfer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><br> client instruction อื่นๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้องจะอยู่ด้านล่าง ถ้าอยากทำความเข้าใจเรื่อง mint และการสร้าง token instructions ให้ลองดู code แบบเต็มใกล้ๆ กัน <br><br><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
AccountLayout<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
MintLayout<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Token<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
u64<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token constant">BN</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bn.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Users</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">RECEIVER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Mint and token accounts</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Numbers</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DEFAULT_DECIMALS_COUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">50</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">**</span> <span class="token constant">DEFAULT_DECIMALS_COUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT_BUFFER</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token constant">BN</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toArray</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"le"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"EfYK91eN3AqTwY1C34W6a33qGAtQ8HJYVhNv7cV4uMZj"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mintDataSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> MintLayout<span class="token punctuation">.</span>span<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mintRentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
mintDataSpace
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenDataSpace <span class="token operator">=</span> AccountLayout<span class="token punctuation">.</span>span<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenRentRequired <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
tokenDataSpace
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Airdropping some SOL</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Allocating space and rent for mint account</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createMintAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> mintRentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> mintDataSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Initializing mint with decimals and authority</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> initializeMintIx <span class="token operator">=</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createInitMintInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">DEFAULT_DECIMALS_COUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mintAuthority</span>
<span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// freezeAuthority</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Allocating space and rent for source token account</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createSourceTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenRentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenDataSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Initializing token account with mint and owner</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> initializeSourceTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createInitAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Minting tokens to the source token account for transferring later to destination account</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mintTokensIx <span class="token operator">=</span> Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createMintToInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Allocating space and rent for destination token account</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createDestinationTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenRentRequired<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> tokenDataSpace<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Initializing token account with mint and owner</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> initializeDestinationTokenAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span>
Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createInitAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">RECEIVER_KEYPAIR</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Our program's CPI instruction (transfer)</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTokensIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Adding up all the above instructions</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
createMintAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
initializeMintIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
createSourceTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
initializeSourceTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
mintTokensIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
createDestinationTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
initializeDestinationTokenAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
transferTokensIx
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Token transfer CPI success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span 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class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"EfYK91eN3AqTwY1C34W6a33qGAtQ8HJYVhNv7cV4uMZj"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTokensIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transferTokensIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Token transfer CPI success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>ตอนนี้เรามาลองดูตัวอย่างอื่นกันบ้าง นั่นก็คือ instruction ของ <code>System Program's create_account</code> ซึ่งจะมีข้อแตกต่างกันอยู่บ้างเล๊กน้อย เราจะไม่ได้ส่ง <code>token_program</code> ไปเป็นหนึ่งใน accounts ใน function <code>invoke</code> อย่างไรก็ตามมันจะมีข้อยกเว้นอยู่ บ้างที่เราจะต้องส่ง invoking instruction's <code>program_id</code> ในกรณีของเราก็คือ program_id ของ <code>System Program's</code> ("11111111111111111111111111111111") ทำให้ accounts ที่ต้องการตอนนี้คือ</p><ol><li>payer account ซึ่งก็คือคนจ่ายค่า rent</li><li>account ที่จะสร้างขึ้นมาใหม่</li><li>System Program account</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>create_account<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Payer Account</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 2. [signer, writable] General State Account</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 3. [] System Program</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Accounts required for token transfer</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1. Payer account for the state account creation</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2. Token account we hold</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> general_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 3. System Program</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"Creating account for {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Parsing the token transfer amount from instruction data</span>
<span class="token comment">// a. Getting the 0th to 8th index of the u8 byte array</span>
<span class="token comment">// b. Converting the obtained non zero u8 to a proper u8 (as little endian integers)</span>
<span class="token comment">// c. Converting the little endian integers to a u64 number</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_span <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_span <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Creating a new TransactionInstruction</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
Internal representation of the instruction's return value (Instruction)
Instruction::new_with_bincode(
system_program::id(), // NOT PASSED FROM USER
&SystemInstruction::CreateAccount {
lamports,
space,
owner: *owner,
},
account_metas,
)
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account_span<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_create <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Passing the TransactionInstruction to send (with the issused program_id)</span>
<span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>create_account_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>required_accounts_for_create<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Transfer successful"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> account_span <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_span <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account_span<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_create <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>create_account_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>required_accounts_for_create<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>ฝั่ง client จะมี code ดังนี้</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TransactionInstruction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token constant">BN</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bn.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Users</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SPACE_BUFFER</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token constant">BN</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toArray</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"le"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"DkuQ5wsndkzXfgqDB6Lgf4sDjBi4gkLSak1dM5Mn2RuQ"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Airdropping some SOL</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Our program's CPI instruction (create_account)</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SPACE_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Adding up all the above instructions</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Create Account CPI Success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"DkuQ5wsndkzXfgqDB6Lgf4sDjBi4gkLSak1dM5Mn2RuQ"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Airdropping some SOL</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Our program's CPI instruction (create_account)</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> creataAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SPACE_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Adding up all the above instructions</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>creataAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Create Account CPI Success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีสร้าง-pda" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีสร้าง-pda" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีสร้าง PDA</h2><p>Program Derived Address คือ account ที่มี program เป็นเจ้าของแต่จะไม่มี private key แต่จะใช้ signature ที่ได้จาก seeds และ bump (a nonce ที่ทำให้ตก curve). การ "<strong>Generating</strong>" Program Address จะแตกต่างจากการ "<strong>creating</strong>" เราสามารถสร้าง (generate) PDA โดยใช้ <code>Pubkey::find_program_address</code> การทำ PDA ปกติจะ initialize address ด้วย space และชุดของ state เข้าไป</p><p>Keypair account ทั่วไปจะสามารถสร้างภายนอก program และส่งเข้ามาเพื่อ initialize state ของมัน. แต่สำหรับ PDAs, จะสร้างบน chain, เนื่องจากมันไม่สามารถ sign เพื่อเป็นตัวแทนของตัวเองได้. ดังนั้นเราจะใช้ <code>invoke_signed</code> เพื่อส่ง seeds ของ PDA และตามไปด้วย signature ของ funding account เพื่อให้เกิดการสร้าง PDA ขึ้น</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer, writable] Funding account</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] PDA account</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 3. [] System Program</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Getting required accounts</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> funding_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> pda_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Getting PDA Bump from instruction data</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">split_first</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstructionData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Checking if passed PDA and expected PDA are equal</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">b"customaddress"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">*</span>pda_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> pda <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">create_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Assessing required lamports and creating transaction instruction</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> create_pda_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Invoking the instruction but with PDAs as additional signer</span>
<span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>create_pda_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setting state for PDA</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
pda_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> create_pda_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>create_pda_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>เราสามารถส่ง accounts ที่ต้องใช้ผ่าน client ได้ตามนี้</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"6eW5nnSosr2LpkUGCdznsjRGDhVb26tLmiM1P8RV1QQp"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Airdop to Payer</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"customaddress"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">PDA Pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createPDAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createPDAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Created PDA successfully. Tx Hash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"6eW5nnSosr2LpkUGCdznsjRGDhVb26tLmiM1P8RV1QQp"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"customaddress"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createPDAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createPDAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีอ่าน-accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีอ่าน-accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีอ่าน accounts</h2><p>ทุกๆ instructions ใน Solana จะต้องการอย่างน้อย 2 - 3 accounts, และ และมันต้องถูกเรียกใช้บน instruction handlersตามลำดับของ accounts. ซึ่งจะง่ายกว่าถ้าเราใช้ <code>iter()</code> method ใน Rust, แทนที่จะเรียงลำดับ accounts เอง สำหรับ method <code>next_account_info</code> จะ slices index แรกของลำดับ และคืนค่า account ใน array ออกมา. ลองดูตัวอย่าง instruction ง่ายๆ ที่จะแสดง accounts และ parse มันออกมา</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer] Payer</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 3. [] Rent account</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 4. [] System Program</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
_program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Fetching all the accounts as a iterator (facilitating for loops and iterations)</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Payer account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Rent account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// System Program</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
_program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Fetching all the accounts as a iterator (facilitating for loops and iterations)</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Payer account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Rent account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// System Program</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีตรวจสอบ-accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีตรวจสอบ-accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีตรวจสอบ accounts</h2><p>เนื่องจาก programs ใน Solana เป็นแบบ stateless เราต้องแน่ใจว่า accounts ที่ส่งไป ได้รับการตรวจสอบมากที่สุดเท่าที่จะเป็นไปได้เพื่อลดการโจมตี การตรวจสอบเบื้องต้นที่ทำได้คือ</p><ol><li>ตรวจว่า expected signer account ที่คาดไว้ได้ signed แล้วจริงๆ</li><li>ตรวจว่า expected state account's อยู่ในสถานะ writable</li><li>ตรวจว่า expected state account's owner คือ program id ที่เรียกมา</li><li>ถ้า initializing state เป็นครั้งแรกก็ให้ตรวจสอบว่า account ได้ initialized ไปรึยัง</li><li>ตรวจว่า cross program ids ถูกส่งมาด้วย (เมื่อต้องการ) เป็นไปตาม expected.</li></ol><p>ต่อไปคือ instruction เบื้องต้นที่ทำการ initializes hero state account,แต่เนื่องจากเราต้องทำการตรวจสอบด้วยจึงต้องเขียนตามนี้</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">clock<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">system_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ID</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token constant">SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">HelloState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Accounts required</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 1. [signer] Payer</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 2. [writable] Hello state account</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 3. [] System Program</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Payer account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// System Program</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Checking if payer account is the signer</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is rent exempt</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_exempt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountNotRentExempt</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is writable</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account's owner is the current program</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IllegalOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Checking if the system program is valid</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token constant">SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Checking if the state has already been initialized</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Account initialized :)"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Checking if payer account is the signer</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is rent exempt</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_exempt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountNotRentExempt</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is writable</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account's owner is the current program</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IllegalOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Checking if the system program is valid</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token constant">SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Checking if the state has already been initialized</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Account initialized :)"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีอ่าน-instructions-หลายๆ-ตัวจาก-transaction" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีอ่าน-instructions-หลายๆ-ตัวจาก-transaction" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีอ่าน instructions หลายๆ ตัวจาก transaction</h2><p>Solana ดูทุก instructions ใน transaction ปัจจุบัน เราสามารถเก็บมันไว้ใน variable และทำงานตามลำดับ (iterate) ได้ เราสามารถอะไรได้หลายอย่างจากจุดนี้ เช่นหา transactions ที่น่าสงสัย</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
sysvar<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">serialize_utils<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>read_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>read_u16<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"8DJXJRV8DBFjJDYyU9cTHBVK1F1CTCi6JUBDVfyBxqsT"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">cookbook</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">read_multiple_instruction</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">ReadMultipleInstruction</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> creator_bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction_sysvar_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>instruction_sysvar_account<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction_sysvar_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_sysvar_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"8DJXJRV8DBFjJDYyU9cTHBVK1F1CTCi6JUBDVfyBxqsT"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction_sysvar <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_sysvar_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> num_instructions <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>_<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token class-name">MyError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">NoInstructionFound</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> index <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>num_instructions <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> current <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> start <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
current <span class="token operator">=</span> start <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> num_accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
current <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>num_accounts <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> program_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> program_id <span class="token operator">!=</span> id
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Transaction had ix with program id {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MyError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SuspiciousTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(creator_bump:u8)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ReadMultipleInstruction</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(address = sysvar::instructions::id())]</span>
instruction_sysvar_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">UncheckedAccount</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error_code]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">MyError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">"No instructions found"</span>)]</span>
<span class="token class-name">NoInstructionFound</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">"Suspicious transaction detected"</span>)]</span>
<span class="token class-name">SuspiciousTransaction</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> num_instructions <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>_<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token class-name">MyError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">NoInstructionFound</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> index <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>num_instructions <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> current <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> start <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
current <span class="token operator">=</span> start <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> num_accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
current <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>num_accounts <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: katopz@gmail.com">Todsaporn Banjerdkit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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<meta name="title" content="คู่มือ Solana | Local Development"><meta name="og:title" content="คู่มือ Solana | Local Development"><meta name="description" content="ติดตั้ง Local Validator สำหรับพัฒนาบน local environment และทำการ Airdrop SOL. เรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับ Local Development และ references อื่นๆ เพื่อไปทำงานบน Solana ได้ที่คู่มือ Solana."><meta name="og:description" content="ติดตั้ง Local Validator สำหรับพัฒนาบน local environment และทำการ Airdrop SOL. เรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับ Local Development และ references อื่นๆ เพื่อไปทำงานบน Solana ได้ที่คู่มือ Solana."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Local Development | คู่มือ Solana</title>
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Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="local-development" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#local-development" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Local Development</h1><h2 id="เริ่มใช้-local-validator" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#เริ่มใช้-local-validator" aria-hidden="true">#</a> เริ่มใช้ Local Validator</h2><p>การทดสอบ program ที่ local จะเสถียรกว่าการทดสอบบน devnet และมันยังช่วยเราทดสอบก่อนที่จะไปลองบน devnet อีกด้วย</p><p>เราสามารถติดตั้ง local-test-validator โดยการลง <a href="/getting-started/installation.html#install-cli" class="">solana tool suite</a> และ run คำสั่งนี้</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>ประโยชน์ของการใช้ local-test-validator คือ:</p><ul><li>ไม่มีข้อจำกัด (rate-limits) ในการเรียก RPC</li><li>ไม่มีข้อจำกัดในการขอ airdrop</li><li>deploy program on-chain ได้โดยตรง (<code>--bpf-program ...</code>)</li><li>สามารถ clone accounts และ programs จาก public cluster ได้ (<code>--clone ...</code>)</li><li>ตั้งค่า transaction history retention ได้ (<code>--limit-ledger-size ...</code>)</li><li>ตั้งค่าความยาว epoch ได้ (<code>--slots-per-epoch ...</code>)</li><li>ข้ามไป slot ไหนก็ได้ตามใจ (<code>--warp-slot ...</code>)</li></ul><h2 id="connecting-to-environments" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#connecting-to-environments" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Connecting to Environments</h2><p>เวลา dev บน Solana development เราต้อง connect ไปที่ RPC API endpoint ซึ่ง Solana จะมีอยู่ 3 public development environments:</p><ul><li>mainnet-beta https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com</li><li>devnet https://api.devnet.solana.com</li><li>testnet https://api.testnet.solana.com</li></ul><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client
client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">"solana.hpp"</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana config <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> --url https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana config <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> --url https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>Finally, you สามารถ also connect to a private cluster, either one local or running remotely with the following:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// This will connect you to your local validator</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"http://127.0.0.1:8899"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"http://127.0.0.1:8899"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client
client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"http://127.0.0.1:8899"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"http://127.0.0.1:8899"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">"solana.hpp"</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"http://127.0.0.1:8899"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"http://127.0.0.1:8899"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"http://127.0.0.1:8899"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"http://127.0.0.1:8899"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana config <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> --url http://privaterpc.com
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana config <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> --url http://privaterpc.com
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="subscribing-to-events" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#subscribing-to-events" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Subscribing to Events</h2><p>Websockets จะมี pub/sub interface ที่เราสามารถฟัง events ที่เราสนใจแทนที่จะคอยวนๆ เรียก HTTP endpoint บ่อยๆ เราสามารถรับข้อมูลเฉพาะตอนมันเกิดขึ้นได้</p><p>Solana's web3 <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>Connection</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> จะมี websocket endpoint และจะ registers ตัว websocket client เมื่อเรา new <code>Connection</code> ขึ้นมาใหม่ (ดู source code <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-web3.js/blob/45923ca00e4cc1ed079d8e55ecbee83e5b4dc174/src/connection.ts#L2100" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ที่นี่<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>).</p><p><code>Connection</code> class จะมี pub/sub methods - ที่จะมีชื่อเริ่มด้วย <code>on</code> เหมือน event emitters ทั่วไป เวลาเราเรียก listener methods พวกนี้ มันจะ registers subscription ใหม่ไปที่ websocket client ของ <code>Connection</code> นั้นๆ ตัวอย่างของ pub/sub method ที่เราใช้ด้านล่างคือ <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#onAccountChange" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>onAccountChange</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. ส่วน callback จะให้ updated state data ผ่าน arguments (ดูตัวอย่างได้ที่ <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/modules.html#AccountChangeCallback" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>AccountChangeCallback</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>).</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Establish new connect to devnet - websocket client connected to devnet will also be registered here</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Create a test wallet to listen to</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Register a callback to listen to the wallet (ws subscription)</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">onAccountChange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span>updatedAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> context<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Updated account info: "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> updatedAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"confirmed"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Establish new connect to devnet - websocket client connected to devnet will also be registered here</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Create a test wallet to listen to</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Register a callback to listen to the wallet (ws subscription)</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">onAccountChange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span>updatedAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> context<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Updated account info: "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> updatedAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"confirmed"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> asyncio
<span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair
<span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>websocket_api <span class="token keyword">import</span> connect
<span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"wss://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token comment"># Create a Test Wallet</span>
wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># Subscribe to the Test wallet to listen for events</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_subscribe<span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># Capture response from account subscription </span>
first_resp <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recv<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Subscription successful with id {}, listening for events \n"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>first_resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
updated_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recv<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>updated_account_info<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
asyncio<span class="token punctuation">.</span>run<span class="token punctuation">(</span>main<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> connect<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"wss://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token comment"># Create a Test Wallet</span>
wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># Subscribe to the Test wallet to listen for events</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_subscribe<span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># Capture response from account subscription </span>
first_resp <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recv<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Subscription successful with id {}, listening for events \n"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>first_resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
updated_account_info <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> websocket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recv<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>updated_account_info<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ on_account_change.cpp -o on_account_change -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">"solana.hpp"</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> subscriptionId <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">on_account_change</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Result<span class="token operator"><</span>Account<span class="token operator">></span> result<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Account account <span class="token operator">=</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">"owner = "</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">"lamports = "</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">"data = "</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">"executable = "</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>executable <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token string">"true"</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"false"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>string tx_hash <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">"tx hash = "</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> tx_hash <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">poll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">remove_account_listener</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>subscriptionId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> subscriptionId <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">on_account_change</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Result<span class="token operator"><</span>Account<span class="token operator">></span> result<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Account account <span class="token operator">=</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">"owner = "</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">"lamports = "</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">"data = "</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">"executable = "</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>executable <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token string">"true"</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"false"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">poll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">remove_account_listener</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>subscriptionId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubsub_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">PubsubClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> ws_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"wss://api.devnet.solana.com/"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"{}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> ws_url<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>subscription<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">PubsubClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">account_subscribe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>ws_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data_slice<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> ws_client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> receiver<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> subscription<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Subscription successful, listening for events"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> handle <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>thread<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">spawn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">move</span> <span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Waiting for a message"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> receiver<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">recv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"{:?}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Connection broke with {:}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
handle<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
ws_client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">shutdown</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Errooooor"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> ws_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"wss://api.devnet.solana.com/"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> receiver<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">PubsubClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">account_subscribe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>ws_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data_slice<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> receiver<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">recv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"{:?}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="getting-test-sol" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#getting-test-sol" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Getting Test SOL</h2><p>เมื่อเราทำงานที่ local เราจะต้องการ SOL ในการส่ง transactions บน non-mainnet environments เราสามารถขอ SOL ได้ด้วยการ airdrop ไปที่ address ของเรา</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">C++</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"http://127.0.0.1:8899"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lastValidBlockHeight <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lastValidBlockHeight<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
signature
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair
<span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client
wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#Input Airdrop amount in LAMPORTS</span>
client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>request_airdrop<span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000000000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#Airdrops 1 SOL</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token comment">#Input Airdrop amount in LAMPORTS</span>
client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>request_airdrop<span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000000000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#Airdrops 1 SOL</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// clang++ request_airdrop.cpp -o request_airdrop -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium</span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">"solana.hpp"</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> many<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>solana<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Connection <span class="token function">connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">auto</span> key_pair <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>string tx_hash <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">"tx hash = "</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> tx_hash <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-cpp ext-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key_pair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>public_key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Transaction: {} Status: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Error requesting airdrop"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">match</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Transaction: {} Status: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Error requesting airdrop"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana airdrop <span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token comment"># Return</span>
<span class="token comment"># "1 SOL"</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana airdrop <span class="token number">1</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีใช้-mainnet-accounts-และ-programs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีใช้-mainnet-accounts-และ-programs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีใช้ Mainnet Accounts และ Programs</h2><p>local tests มักจะต้องใช้ programs และ accounts ที่มีอยู่แล้วบน mainnet Solana CLI สามารถที่จะ:</p><ul><li>Download Programs และ Accounts</li><li>Load Programs และ Accounts มาที่ local validator</li></ul><h3 id="วิธี-load-accounts-จาก-mainnet" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธี-load-accounts-จาก-mainnet" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธี load accounts จาก mainnet</h3><p>เราสามารถ download SRM token mint account มาเป็น file ได้ตามนี้:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># solana account -u <source cluster> --output <output format> --output-file <destination file name/path> <address of account to fetch></span>
solana account -u m --output json-compact --output-file SRM_token.json SRMuApVNdxXokk5GT7XD5cUUgXMBCoAz2LHeuAoKWRt
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana account -u m --output json-compact --output-file SRM_token.json SRMuApVNdxXokk5GT7XD5cUUgXMBCoAz2LHeuAoKWRt
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>การ load มาที่ localnet ของเราสามารถทำได้โดยการส่ง account's file และ address เป้าหมาย(ไปยัง local cluster) ตอนเริ่มเปิดใช้ validator:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># solana-test-validator --account <address to load the account to> <path to account file> --reset</span>
solana-test-validator --account SRMuApVNdxXokk5GT7XD5cUUgXMBCoAz2LHeuAoKWRt SRM_token.json --reset
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-test-validator --account SRMuApVNdxXokk5GT7XD5cUUgXMBCoAz2LHeuAoKWRt SRM_token.json --reset
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="วิธี-load-programs-from-mainnet" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธี-load-programs-from-mainnet" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธี load programs from mainnet</h3><p>และเช่นกันเราสามารถ download Serum Dex v3 program ได้:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># solana program dump -u <source cluster> <address of account to fetch> <destination file name/path></span>
solana program dump -u m 9xQeWvG816bUx9EPjHmaT23yvVM2ZWbrrpZb9PusVFin serum_dex_v3.so
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana program dump -u m 9xQeWvG816bUx9EPjHmaT23yvVM2ZWbrrpZb9PusVFin serum_dex_v3.so
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>การ load มาที่ localnet ของเราสามารถทำได้โดยการส่ง account's file และ address เป้าหมาย(ไปยัง local cluster) ตอนเริ่มเปิดใช้ validator:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># solana-test-validator --bpf-program <address to load the program to> <path to program file> --reset</span>
solana-test-validator --bpf-program 9xQeWvG816bUx9EPjHmaT23yvVM2ZWbrrpZb9PusVFin serum_dex_v3.so --reset
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-test-validator --bpf-program 9xQeWvG816bUx9EPjHmaT23yvVM2ZWbrrpZb9PusVFin serum_dex_v3.so --reset
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: 91437574+partiallysorted@users.noreply.github.com">Partially Sorted</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: katopz@gmail.com">Todsaporn Banjerdkit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----><span class="next"><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="non-fungible-tokens-nfts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#non-fungible-tokens-nfts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)</h1><h2 id="วิธีสร้าง-an-nft" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีสร้าง-an-nft" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีสร้าง an NFT</h2><p>ในการสร้าง NFT เราจะต้อง:</p><ol><li>Upload รูป (image) ไปที่ IPFS เช่น Arweave</li><li>Upload json metadata ไปที่ IPFS เช่น Arweave</li><li>เรียกใช้ metaplex เพื่อสร้าง account สำหรับ NFT</li></ol><h3 id="upload-to-arweave" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#upload-to-arweave" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Upload to Arweave</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button 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data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> fs <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"fs"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> Arweave <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"arweave"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> arweave <span class="token operator">=</span> Arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
host<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"arweave.net"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
port<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">443</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
protocol<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"https"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
timeout<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">20000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
logging<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Upload image to Arweave</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> data<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Content-Type"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"image/png"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"wallet.json"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"utf-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>response<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> id <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> imageUrl <span class="token operator">=</span> id <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">https://arweave.net/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>id<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"imageUrl"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> imageUrl<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Upload metadata to Arweave</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> metadata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Custom NFT #1"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token builtin">symbol</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"CNFT"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
description<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"A description about my custom NFT #1"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
seller_fee_basis_points<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
external_url<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"https://www.customnft.com/"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
attributes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
trait_type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"NFT type"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
value<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Custom"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
collection<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Test Collection"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
family<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Custom NFTs"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
properties<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
files<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
uri<span class="token operator">:</span> imageUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"image/png"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
category<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"image"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
maxSupply<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
creators<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
address<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"CBBUMHRmbVUck99mTCip5sHP16kzGj3QTYB8K3XxwmQx"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
share<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
image<span class="token operator">:</span> imageUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataRequest <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> metadataRequest<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Content-Type"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"application/json"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"metadata txid"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1. Upload image to Arweave</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> data<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Content-Type"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"image/png"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"wallet.json"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"utf-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>response<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> id <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> imageUrl <span class="token operator">=</span> id <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">https://arweave.net/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>id<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2. Upload metadata to Arweave</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataRequest <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> metadataRequest<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Content-Type"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"application/json"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arweave_lib <span class="token keyword">import</span> Wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> API_URL
<span class="token keyword">import</span> json
<span class="token comment"># Load your arweave wallet</span>
your_ar_wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Wallet<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'wallet.json'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">with</span> <span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'rb'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> f<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
img_in_bytes <span class="token operator">=</span> f<span class="token punctuation">.</span>read<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># Upload image to Arweave</span>
transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>your_ar_wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>img_in_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_tag<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Content-Type'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'image/png'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
image_url <span class="token operator">=</span> API_URL<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"/"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span>
<span class="token comment"># Define metadata</span>
metadata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token string">"name"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"Custom NFT #1"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"symbol"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"CNFT"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"description"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"A description about my custom NFT #1"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"seller_fee_basis_points"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"external_url"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"https://www.customnft.com/"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"attributes"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token string">"trait_type"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"NFT type"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"value"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"Custom"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"collection"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token string">"name"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"Test Collection"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"family"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"Custom NFTs"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"properties"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token string">"files"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token string">"uri"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> image_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"type"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"image/png"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"category"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"image"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"maxSupply"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"creators"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token string">"address"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"CBBUMHRmbVUck99mTCip5sHP16kzGj3QTYB8K3XxwmQx"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"share"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"image"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> image_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment"># Upload metadata to Arweave</span>
meta_transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>your_ar_wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>json<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dumps<span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_tag<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Content-Type'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'text/html'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
metadata_url <span class="token operator">=</span> API_URL<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"/"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata_url<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token comment"># 1. Load your arweave wallet</span>
your_ar_wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Wallet<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'wallet.json'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># 2. Upload image to Arweave</span>
<span class="token keyword">with</span> <span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'rb'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> f<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
img_in_bytes <span class="token operator">=</span> f<span class="token punctuation">.</span>read<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>your_ar_wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>img_in_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_tag<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Content-Type'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'image/png'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
image_url <span class="token operator">=</span> API_URL<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"/"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span>
<span class="token comment"># 3. Upload metadata to Arweave</span>
meta_transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>your_ar_wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>json<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dumps<span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_tag<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Content-Type'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'text/html'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
metadata_url <span class="token operator">=</span> API_URL<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"/"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>meta_transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">id</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="mint-the-nft" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mint-the-nft" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mint the NFT</h3><p>ถ้าเรามีรูป และ metadata ที่ upload ไปแล้วเราก็สามารถ mint NFT ได้เลยด้วย code ต่อไปนี้</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypairIdentity <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@metaplex-foundation/js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> dotenv <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"dotenv"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
dotenv<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">config</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">SOLANA_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayerAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mintNFTResponse <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"https://ffaaqinzhkt4ukhbohixfliubnvpjgyedi3f2iccrq4efh3s.arweave.net/KUAIIbk6p8oo4XHRcq0U__C2r0mwQaNl0gQow4Qp9yk"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
maxSupply<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mintNFTResponse<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mintNFTResponse <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"https://ffaaqinzhkt4ukhbohixfliubnvpjgyedi3f2iccrq4efh3s.arweave.net/KUAIIbk6p8oo4XHRcq0U__C2r0mwQaNl0gQow4Qp9yk"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
maxSupply<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Note</p><p>เราไม่สามารถ mint NFT ด้วย creator อื่นนอกจาก wallet ของเราได้ ถ้าเจอปัญหาเกี่ยวกับ creator ให้ลองดูว่ามีเราเป็น creator อยู่ในรายชื่อของ metadata นั้นๆ ด้วย</p></div><h2 id="วิธีดึงข้อมูล-nft-metadata" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีดึงข้อมูล-nft-metadata" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีดึงข้อมูล NFT Metadata</h2><p>Metaplex NFTs มี metadata เก็บอยู่บน Arweave ในการที่จะดึงข้อมูล Arweave metadata เราต้องหา Metaplex PDA และแกะ account data</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypairIdentity <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@metaplex-foundation/js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mintAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"Ay1U9DWphDgc7hq58Yj1yHabt91zTzvV2YJbAWkPNbaK"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> nft <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findByMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> mintAddress <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nft<span class="token punctuation">.</span>json<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
{
name: 'SMB #139',
symbol: 'SMB',
description: 'SMB is a collection of 5000 randomly generated 24x24 pixels NFTs on the Solana Blockchain. Each SolanaMonkey is unique and comes with different type and attributes varying in rarity.',
seller_fee_basis_points: 600,
image: 'https://arweave.net/tZrNpbFUizSoFnyTqP4n2e1Tf7WvP3siUwFWKMMid_Q',
external_url: 'https://solanamonkey.business/',
collection: { name: 'SMB Gen2', family: 'SMB' },
attributes: [
{ trait_type: 'Attributes Count', value: 2 },
{ trait_type: 'Type', value: 'Solana' },
{ trait_type: 'Clothes', value: 'Orange Shirt' },
{ trait_type: 'Ears', value: 'None' },
{ trait_type: 'Mouth', value: 'None' },
{ trait_type: 'Eyes', value: 'Cool Glasses' },
{ trait_type: 'Hat', value: 'None' }
],
properties: {
files: [ [Object], [Object] ],
category: 'image',
creators: [ [Object] ]
}
}
*/</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mintAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"Ay1U9DWphDgc7hq58Yj1yHabt91zTzvV2YJbAWkPNbaK"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> nft <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findByMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> mintAddress <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nft<span class="token punctuation">.</span>json<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีดึงข้อมูลเจ้าของ-owner-ของ-nft" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีดึงข้อมูลเจ้าของ-owner-ของ-nft" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีดึงข้อมูลเจ้าของ (owner) ของ NFT</h2><p>ถ้าเรามี mint key ของ NFT เราจะสามารถหา owner ปัจจุบันได้ด้วยการดู largest token account สำหรับ mint key นั้นๆ</p><p>เพราะ NFTs มี supply อยู่เพียง 1 ชิ้น และมันถูกแบ่งแยกไม่ได้ หมายความว่ามีเพียงหนึ่ง token account ที่จะถือ token ในเวลานั้น โดย token accounts อื่นสำหรับ mint key นั้นจะมี balance เป็น 0</p><p>ก็แปลว่าเมื่อเราหาlargest token account ได้เราก็จะสามารถรู้ว่า owner เป็นใคร</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenMint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"9ARngHhVaCtH5JFieRdSS5Y8cdZk2TMF4tfGSWFB9iSK"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> largestAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTokenLargestAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> largestAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
largestAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>address
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>largestAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parsed<span class="token punctuation">.</span>info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: 6ddf6e1d765a193d9cbe146ceeb79ac1cb485ed5f5b37913a8cf5857eff00a9>
}
*/</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenMint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"9ARngHhVaCtH5JFieRdSS5Y8cdZk2TMF4tfGSWFB9iSK"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> largestAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTokenLargestAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> largestAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
largestAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>address
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>largestAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parsed<span class="token punctuation">.</span>info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีดึงข้อมูล-nft-mint-addresses" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีดึงข้อมูล-nft-mint-addresses" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีดึงข้อมูล NFT Mint Addresses</h2><p>ถ้าเรารู้ public key ของ Candy Machine เราก็จะสามารหารายชื่อของ NFT mint addresses ที่สร้างจาก Candy Machine นั้นๆ โดยใช้ code ต่อไปนี้ ซึ่งเราสามารถ ใช้ <code>memcmp</code> filter เพราะใน v1 นั้น creator คนแรกจะเป็น address ของ andy Machine เสมอ</p><h3 id="candy-machine-v1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#candy-machine-v1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Candy Machine V1</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">9</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span> <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"ENTER_YOUR_CANDY_MACHINE_ID_HERE"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">getMintAddresses</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>firstCreatorAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.</span>
dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">33</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token comment">// Only get Metadata accounts.</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Filter using the first creator.</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> firstCreatorAddress<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> metadataAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">getMintAddresses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">getMintAddresses</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>firstCreatorAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.</span>
dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">33</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token comment">// Only get Metadata accounts.</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Filter using the first creator.</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> firstCreatorAddress<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> metadataAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">getMintAddresses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="candy-machine-v2" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#candy-machine-v2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Candy Machine V2</h3><p>ถ้าเราใช้ Candy Machine v2 เราต้องหา "Candy Machine Creator" address ซึ่งมันคือ PDA โดยใช้ <code>candy_machine</code> และ Candy Machine v2 address เป็น seeds. เวลาที่เราได้ creator address มาแล้วเราก็ สามารถ ใช้มันได้เหมือน v1 เลย</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LIMIT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_CREATOR_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_DATA_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">9</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span> <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token constant">MAX_NAME_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token constant">MAX_URI_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token constant">MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"cndy3Z4yapfJBmL3ShUp5exZKqR3z33thTzeNMm2gRZ"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"ENTER_YOUR_CANDY_MACHINE_ID_HERE"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">getMintAddresses</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>firstCreatorAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.</span>
dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">33</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token comment">// Only get Metadata accounts.</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Filter using the first creator.</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> firstCreatorAddress<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> metadataAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> getCandyMachineCreator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">=></span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"candy_machine"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineCreator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getCandyMachineCreator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">getMintAddresses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineCreator<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> getCandyMachineCreator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">=></span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"candy_machine"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineCreator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getCandyMachineCreator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">getMintAddresses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineCreator<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีดึงข้อมูลทุก-nfts-จาก-wallet" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีดึงข้อมูลทุก-nfts-จาก-wallet" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีดึงข้อมูลทุก NFTs จาก wallet?</h2><p>เวลาจะหา NFTs จาก wallet เราจะต้องการ token accounts และแปลง (parse) หาว่าอันไหนเป็น NFTs เราสามารถทำได้โดยใช้ <a href="https://github.com/metaplex-foundation/js/blob/248b61baf89a69b88f9a461e32b1cbd54a9b0a18/src/programs/metadata/accounts/Metadata.ts#L220-L236" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>findDataByOwner</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> จาก Metaplex js library.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Metaplex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypairIdentity <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@metaplex-foundation/js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"2R4bHmSBHkHAskerTHE6GE1Fxbn31kaD5gHqpsPySVd7"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> allNFTs <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> owner <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allNFTs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"2R4bHmSBHkHAskerTHE6GE1Fxbn31kaD5gHqpsPySVd7"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> allNFTs <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> owner <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allNFTs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: katopz@gmail.com">Todsaporn Banjerdkit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">แนวทาง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">อ้างอิง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html#วิธี-send-sol" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธี send SOL"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธี send SOL <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html#วิธี-send-spl-tokens" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธี send SPL-Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธี send SPL-Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html#วิธีคํานวณหา-transaction-cost" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธีคำนวณหา transaction cost"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธีคำนวณหา transaction cost <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html#getestimatedfee" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="getEstimatedFee"><!--[--><!--]--> getEstimatedFee <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html#getfeeformessage" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="getFeeForMessage"><!--[--><!--]--> getFeeForMessage <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html#วิธีเพิ่ม-memo-ใน-transaction" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธีเพิ่ม memo ใน transaction"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธีเพิ่ม memo ใน transaction <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html#วิธีเปลี่ยน-compute-budget-สําหรับ-transaction" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธีเปลี่ยน compute budget สำหรับ transaction"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธีเปลี่ยน compute budget สำหรับ transaction <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="sending-transactions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#sending-transactions" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Sending Transactions</h1><h2 id="วิธี-send-sol" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธี-send-sol" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธี send SOL</h2><p>การที่เราจะส่ง SOL ได้นั้นเราต้องใช้ <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#system-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SystemProgram<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Wallet-Adapter</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" 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Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> fromKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> toKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"https://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"confirmed"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> lamportsToSend <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> lamportsToSend<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> lamportsToSend<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client
<span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair
<span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transaction <span class="token keyword">import</span> Transaction
<span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>system_program <span class="token keyword">import</span> TransferParams<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transfer
LAMPORT_PER_SOL <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1000000000</span>
client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Client <span class="token operator">=</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
sender <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
receiver <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
airdrop <span class="token operator">=</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>request_airdrop<span class="token punctuation">(</span>sender<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> LAMPORT_PER_SOL<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
airdrop_signature <span class="token operator">=</span> airdrop<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value
client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>confirm_transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdrop_signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>add<span class="token punctuation">(</span>transfer<span class="token punctuation">(</span>TransferParams<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
from_pubkey<span class="token operator">=</span>sender<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
to_pubkey<span class="token operator">=</span>receiver<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send_transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sender<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code>transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>add<span class="token punctuation">(</span>transfer<span class="token punctuation">(</span>TransferParams<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
from_pubkey<span class="token operator">=</span>sender<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
to_pubkey<span class="token operator">=</span>receiver<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send_transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sender<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletNotConnectedError <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/wallet-adapter-base"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useConnection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/wallet-adapter-react"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> React<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> useCallback <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"react"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> SendTenLamportToRandomAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function-variable function">FC</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> onClick <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useCallback</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">WalletNotConnectedError</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"processed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onClick<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">disabled</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
Send 1 lamport to a random address!
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"processed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>native_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> from <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> frompubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>from<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> to <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> topubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>to<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_to_send <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">///Airdropping some Sol to the 'from' account</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request_airdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>frompubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Transaction: {} Status: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Error requesting airdrop"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">///Creating the transfer sol instruction</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>frompubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>topubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_to_send<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">///Putting the transfer sol instruction into a transaction</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> recent_blockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_latest_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Failed to get latest blockhash."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_signed_with_payer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ix<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>frompubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span>from<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">///Sending the transfer sol transaction</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token keyword">loop</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> confirmed <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Transaction: {} Status: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> sig<span class="token punctuation">,</span> confirmed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Error transferring Sol:, {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>from<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>to<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_to_send<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana transfer --from <span class="token operator"><</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">0.001</span> --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <span class="token operator"><</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">></span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana transfer --from <span class="token operator"><</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">0.001</span> --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <span class="token operator"><</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">></span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธี-send-spl-tokens" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธี-send-spl-tokens" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธี send SPL-Tokens</h2><p>ใช้ <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#system-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Token Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> เพื่อส่ง SPL Tokens ในการที่จะส่ง SPL token, เราต้องรู้ SPL token account address เราสามารถหา address และส่ง tokens ได้ด้วยตัวอย่างต่อไปนี้</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Wallet-Adapter</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
createMint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
mintTo<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
createTransferInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Connect to cluster</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Generate a new wallet keypair and airdrop SOL</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> fromWallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> fromAirdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Wait for airdrop confirmation</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fromAirdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Generate a new wallet to receive newly minted token</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> toWallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Create new token mint</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">9</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Get the token account of the fromWallet Solana address, if it does not exist, create it</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> fromTokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//get the token account of the toWallet Solana address, if it does not exist, create it</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> toTokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Minting 1 new token to the "fromTokenAccount" account we just returned/created</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">mintTo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">1000000000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// it's 1 token, but in lamports</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Add token transfer instructions to transaction</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Sign transaction, broadcast, and confirm</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Add token transfer instructions to transaction</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">web3</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
splToken<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
splToken<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Sign transaction, broadcast, and confirm</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletNotConnectedError <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/wallet-adapter-base"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useConnection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/wallet-adapter-react"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Transaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> createTransferInstruction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> React<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> useCallback <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"react"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> SendSPLTokenToAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function-variable function">FC</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fromWallet
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> onClick <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useCallback</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">WalletNotConnectedError</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"processed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onClick<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">disabled</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
Send 1 lamport to a random address!
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"processed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ spl-token transfer AQoKYV7tYpTrFZN6P5oUufbQKAUr9mNYGe1TTJC9wajM <span class="token number">50</span> vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg
Transfer <span class="token number">50</span> tokens
Sender: 7UX2i7SucgLMQcfZ75s3VXmZZY4YRUyJN9X1RgfMoDUi
Recipient: vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg
Recipient associated token account: F59618aQB8r6asXeMcB9jWuY6NEx1VduT9yFo1GTi1ks
Signature: 5a3qbvoJQnTAxGPHCugibZTbSu7xuTgkxvF4EJupRjRXGgZZrnWFmKzfEzcqKF2ogCaF4QKVbAtuFx7xGwrDUcGd
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ spl-token transfer AQoKYV7tYpTrFZN6P5oUufbQKAUr9mNYGe1TTJC9wajM <span class="token number">50</span> vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg
Transfer <span class="token number">50</span> tokens
Sender: 7UX2i7SucgLMQcfZ75s3VXmZZY4YRUyJN9X1RgfMoDUi
Recipient: vines1vzrYbzLMRdu58ou5XTby4qAqVRLmqo36NKPTg
Recipient associated token account: F59618aQB8r6asXeMcB9jWuY6NEx1VduT9yFo1GTi1ks
Signature: 5a3qbvoJQnTAxGPHCugibZTbSu7xuTgkxvF4EJupRjRXGgZZrnWFmKzfEzcqKF2ogCaF4QKVbAtuFx7xGwrDUcGd
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีคํานวณหา-transaction-cost" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีคํานวณหา-transaction-cost" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีคำนวณหา transaction cost</h2><p>จำนวนของ signatures จะเอาไว้ใช้คำนวณค่าใช้จ่าย transaction cost ถ้าไม่ได้มีการสร้าง account ก็จะมี transaction cost ตามนั้นเลย แต่ถ้าจะหาค่าใช้จ่ายสำหรับการสร้าง account ด้วยให้ลองไปดูที่ <a href="/th/references/accounts.html#%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%93-account-cost" class="">การคำนวณ rent exemption</a></p><p>ตัวอย่าง 2 ตัวข้างล่างจะแสดงให้เห็นวิธีที่ใช้คำนวณ transaction cost ที่เป็นไปได้ทั้ง 2 แบบ</p><p>ตัวอย่างแรกจะใช้ <code>getEstimatedFee</code> ที่เป็น method ใหม่ของ class <code>Transaction</code> และตัวอย่างที่สองจะใช้ <code>getFeeForMessage</code> ที่มาแทนที่ <code>getFeeCalculatorForBlockhash</code> ใน class <code>Connection</code></p><h3 id="getestimatedfee" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#getestimatedfee" aria-hidden="true">#</a> getEstimatedFee</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Connect to cluster</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> payee <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
recentBlockhash<span class="token operator">:</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
feePayer<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payee<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> fees <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getEstimatedFee</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Estimated SOL transfer cost: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>fees<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> lamports</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
recentBlockhash<span class="token operator">:</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payee<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> fees <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getEstimatedFee</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Estimated SOL transfer cost: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>fees<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> lamports</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="getfeeformessage" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#getfeeformessage" aria-hidden="true">#</a> getFeeForMessage</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Message<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">SYSTEM_INSTRUCTION_LAYOUTS</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Connect to cluster</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> payee <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> type <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">SYSTEM_INSTRUCTION_LAYOUTS</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>Transfer<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">alloc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>type<span class="token punctuation">.</span>layout<span class="token punctuation">.</span>span<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> layoutFields <span class="token operator">=</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> instruction<span class="token operator">:</span> type<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
type<span class="token punctuation">.</span>layout<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>layoutFields<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> messageParams <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
accountKeys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
payee<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
header<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
numReadonlySignedAccounts<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
numRequiredSignatures<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
instructions<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
accounts<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programIdIndex<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
recentBlockhash<span class="token operator">:</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> fees <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getFeeForMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Estimated SOL transfer cost: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>fees<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> lamports</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> fees <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getFeeForMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Estimated SOL transfer cost: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>fees<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> lamports</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีเพิ่ม-memo-ใน-transaction" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีเพิ่ม-memo-ใน-transaction" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีเพิ่ม memo ใน transaction</h2><p>transaction ใดๆ สามารถเพิ่ม message โดยใช้ <a href="https://spl.solana.com/memo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">memo program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. ในตอนนี้ <code>programID</code> จาก <strong>Memo Program</strong> ต้องเพิ่มเองด้วย address นี้ <code>MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr</code>.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Wallet-Adapter</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">CLI</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> fromKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> toKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"https://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"confirmed"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> lamportsToSend <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> lamportsToSend<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Data to send in transaction"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"utf-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> lamportsToSend<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Data to send in transaction"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"utf-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletNotConnectedError <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/wallet-adapter-base"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useConnection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> useWallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/wallet-adapter-react"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> React<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">FC</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> useCallback <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"react"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> SendTenLamportToRandomAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function-variable function">FC</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> onClick <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useCallback</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">WalletNotConnectedError</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Data to send in transaction"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"utf-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"processed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sendTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onClick<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">disabled</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token operator">!</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
Send 1 lamport to a random address!
</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Data to send in transaction"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"utf-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"processed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana transfer --from <span class="token operator"><</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">0.5</span> --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <span class="token operator"><</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">></span> --with-memo <span class="token operator"><</span>MEMO<span class="token operator">></span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana transfer --from <span class="token operator"><</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">0.5</span> --allow-unfunded-recipient --url https://api.devnet.solana.com --fee-payer <span class="token operator"><</span>KEYPAIR<span class="token operator">></span> --with-memo <span class="token operator"><</span>MEMO<span class="token operator">></span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีเปลี่ยน-compute-budget-สําหรับ-transaction" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีเปลี่ยน-compute-budget-สําหรับ-transaction" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีเปลี่ยน compute budget สำหรับ transaction</h2><p>Compute budget สำหรับหนึ่ง transaction สามารถเปลี่ยนได้โดยการเพิ่ม instruction ด้วยการเรียกไปที่ Compute Budget Program โดยปกติแล้ว compute budget คือค่าของ 200k compute units * จำนวน instructions, ด้วยค่าสูงสุดที่ 1.4M compute units ถ้าเราใช้ compute น้อยเราก็จะจ่าย transaction costs น้อยลงไปด้วย</p><p><strong>Note</strong>: การที่จะเปลี่ยน compute budget สำหรับ transaction คุณต้องไปทำที่ หนึ่งในสามคำสั่งแรกของ instruction ใน transaction ตรง instruction ที่เอาไว้เปลี่ยนค่า budget</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">BN</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@project-serum/anchor"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> payer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> toAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"http://127.0.0.1:8899"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> modifyComputeUnits <span class="token operator">=</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setComputeUnitLimit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
units<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1000000</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> addPriorityFee <span class="token operator">=</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setComputeUnitPrice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
microLamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Total fee will be 5,001 Lamports for 1M CU</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>modifyComputeUnits<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>addPriorityFee<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10000000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-tsx ext-tsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-tsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> modifyComputeUnits <span class="token operator">=</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setComputeUnitLimit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
units<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1000000</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> addPriorityFee <span class="token operator">=</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setComputeUnitPrice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
microLamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>modifyComputeUnits<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>addPriorityFee<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10000000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief Example Budget Management</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">message<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">compute_budget<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">signer<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Submits the program instruction as per the instruction definition</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
instructions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">>></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>instructions<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> recent_blockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_latest_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
transaction
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"error: failed to sign transaction: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"error: send transaction: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">pubkey!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Increase the Transaction Budget and call normal instruction(s)</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Here we send redundant transactions to witness Compute Budget drawdown</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">send_instructions_demo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">>></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Array of instructions: 0: Set Compute Unit Limt, 1: Set Prioritization Fee, </span>
<span class="token comment">// 2: Do something, 3: Do something else</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">set_compute_unit_limit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1_000_000u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">set_compute_unit_price</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"{:?}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> txn<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Array of instructions: 0: Set Compute Unit Limt, 1: Set Prioritization Fee, </span>
<span class="token comment">// 2: Do something, 3: Do something else</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">set_compute_unit_limit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1_000_000u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">set_compute_unit_price</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>ตัวอย่าง Program Logs:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Log Output</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-txt ext-txt line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-txt"><code>[ 1] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]
[ 2] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 success
[ 3]
[ 4] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]
[ 5] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 success
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: katopz@gmail.com">Todsaporn Banjerdkit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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<meta name="title" content="คู่มือ Solana | Name Service"><meta name="og:title" content="คู่มือ Solana | Name Service"><meta name="description" content="name registry จะมีไว้เก็บข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับ domain name เรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับ Resolving SOL domains, การ look up Reverse/Subdomain และอื่นๆ เกี่ยวกับ Name Service และข้อมูลอ้างอิงได้ที่คู่มือ Solana."><meta name="og:description" content="name registry จะมีไว้เก็บข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับ domain name เรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับ Resolving SOL domains, การ look up Reverse/Subdomain และอื่นๆ เกี่ยวกับ Name Service และข้อมูลอ้างอิงได้ที่คู่มือ Solana."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Name Service | คู่มือ Solana</title>
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<!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">เริ่มต้น <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking กับ Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking กับ Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การติดตั้ง"><!--[--><!--]--> การติดตั้ง <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">แนวความคิดหลัก <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">แนวทาง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">อ้างอิง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/name-service.html#name-registry" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Name registry"><!--[--><!--]--> Name registry <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/name-service.html#resolving-sol-domains" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resolving SOL domains"><!--[--><!--]--> Resolving SOL domains <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/name-service.html#reverse-look-up" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Reverse look up"><!--[--><!--]--> Reverse look up <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/name-service.html#subdomain-look-up" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Subdomain look up"><!--[--><!--]--> Subdomain look up <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/name-service.html#หาทุก-domain-names-ที่-public-key-นี้เป็นเจ้าของ" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="หาทุก domain names ที่ public key นี้เป็นเจ้าของ"><!--[--><!--]--> หาทุก domain names ที่ public key นี้เป็นเจ้าของ <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/name-service.html#resolve-a-twitter-handle" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resolve a Twitter handle"><!--[--><!--]--> Resolve a Twitter handle <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/name-service.html#reverse-look-up-of-a-twitter-handle" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Reverse look up of a Twitter handle"><!--[--><!--]--> Reverse look up of a Twitter handle <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="name-service" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#name-service" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Name Service</h1><h2 id="name-registry" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#name-registry" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Name registry</h2><p>name registry จะมีไว้เก็บข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับ domain name ซึ่งจะแบ่งเป็น 2 ส่วนคือ:</p><ul><li>The header</li><li>The data</li></ul><p>ข้อมูลของ domain name จะขึ้นต้นด้วย header ส่วนด้านล่างนี้คือ structure ของ header ใน JS:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Schema <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"borsh"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">NameRegistryState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
parentName<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
owner<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token constant">HEADER_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">static</span> schema<span class="token operator">:</span> Schema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"struct"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"parentName"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"owner"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"class"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
parentName<span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
owner<span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>parentName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parentName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>class <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>class<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">NameRegistryState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
parentName<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
owner<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token constant">HEADER_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">static</span> schema<span class="token operator">:</span> Schema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"struct"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"parentName"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"owner"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"class"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
parentName<span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
owner<span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>parentName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parentName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>class <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>class<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="resolving-sol-domains" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resolving-sol-domains" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resolving SOL domains</h2><p>.SOL domains จะไม่ซ้ำ (unique), จดจำได้ง่าย (human-friendly) เป็น domain names ที่ถูกเปลี่ยนเป็น public keys. หลายๆ wallets ใช้มันเป็นทางเลือกในการส่ง tokens หรือ SOL เราสามารถเปลี่ยน .SOL domains เป็น public keys ได้ตามนี้:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
getHashedName<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
getNameAccountKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@bonfida/spl-name-service"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> domain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"levi.sol"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> hashedName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHashedName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>domain<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">".sol"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> nameAccountKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getNameAccountKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
hashedName<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"58PwtjSDuFHuUkYjH9BYnnQKHfwo9reZhC2zMJv9JPkx"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// SOL TLD Authority</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">retrieve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
nameAccountKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span>registry<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// JUskoxS2PTiaBpxfGaAPgf3cUNhdeYFGMKdL6mZKKfR</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> domain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"levi.sol"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> hashedName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHashedName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>domain<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">".sol"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> nameAccountKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getNameAccountKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
hashedName<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"58PwtjSDuFHuUkYjH9BYnnQKHfwo9reZhC2zMJv9JPkx"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// SOL TLD Authority</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">retrieve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
nameAccountKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span>registry<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// JUskoxS2PTiaBpxfGaAPgf3cUNhdeYFGMKdL6mZKKfR</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="reverse-look-up" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#reverse-look-up" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Reverse look up</h2><p>การทำ Reverse look up จะช่วยทำให้เราหา (resolve) domain name จาก public key ได้</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> performReverseLookup <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@bonfida/spl-name-service"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Public key of bonfida.sol</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> domainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"Crf8hzfthWGbGbLTVCiqRqV5MVnbpHB1L9KQMd6gsinb"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> domainName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">performReverseLookup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> domainKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// bonfida</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Public key of bonfida.sol</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> domainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Crf8hzfthWGbGbLTVCiqRqV5MVnbpHB1L9KQMd6gsinb"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> domainName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">performReverseLookup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> domainKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// bonfida</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="subdomain-look-up" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#subdomain-look-up" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Subdomain look up</h2><p>ในการ resolve ส่วน subdomain เราจะต้อง:</p><ol><li>หา parent domain key</li><li>หา subdomain key</li><li>ดึงข้อมูล account info</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
getHashedName<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
getNameAccountKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
getDNSRecordAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@bonfida/spl-name-service"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">SOL_TLD_AUTHORITY</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"58PwtjSDuFHuUkYjH9BYnnQKHfwo9reZhC2zMJv9JPkx"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Resolution of demo.bonfida.sol</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> parentDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"bonfida"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> subDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"demo"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Step 1</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> hashedParentDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHashedName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parentDomain<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> parentDomainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getNameAccountKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
hashedParentDomain<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">SOL_TLD_AUTHORITY</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Step 2</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> subDomainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getDNSRecordAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parentDomainKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> subDomain<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Step 3</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> registry <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">retrieve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> subDomainKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> parentDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"bonfida"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> subDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"demo"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Step 1</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> hashedParentDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHashedName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parentDomain<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> parentDomainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getNameAccountKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
hashedParentDomain<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">SOL_TLD_AUTHORITY</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Step 2</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> subDomainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getDNSRecordAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parentDomainKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> subDomain<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Step 3</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> registry <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">retrieve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> subDomainKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="หาทุก-domain-names-ที่-public-key-นี้เป็นเจ้าของ" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#หาทุก-domain-names-ที่-public-key-นี้เป็นเจ้าของ" aria-hidden="true">#</a> หาทุก domain names ที่ public key นี้เป็นเจ้าของ</h2><p>เราสามารถดึงข้อมูลทุก domain names ของ wallet ใดๆ โดยใช้ <code>getProgramAccounts</code> และ <code>memcmp</code> filter</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">NAME_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@bonfida/spl-name-service"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">findOwnedNameAccountsForUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
userAccount<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator"><</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> userAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">NAME_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> a<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">findOwnedNameAccountsForUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
userAccount<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator"><</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> userAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">NAME_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> a<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="resolve-a-twitter-handle" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resolve-a-twitter-handle" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resolve a Twitter handle</h2><p>Twitter handles สามารถจะ <a href="https://naming.bonfida.org/#/twitter-registration" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ลงทะเบียนบน Solana name service<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ได้ และสามารถใช้เหมือน .SOL domain names ได้</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getHandleAndRegistryKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@bonfida/spl-name-service"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Pubkey of the wallet you want to retrieve the Twitter handle</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"FidaeBkZkvDqi1GXNEwB8uWmj9Ngx2HXSS5nyGRuVFcZ"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>handle<span class="token punctuation">,</span> registryKey<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHandleAndRegistryKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Pubkey of the wallet you want to retrieve the Twitter handle</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"FidaeBkZkvDqi1GXNEwB8uWmj9Ngx2HXSS5nyGRuVFcZ"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>handle<span class="token punctuation">,</span> registryKey<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHandleAndRegistryKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="reverse-look-up-of-a-twitter-handle" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#reverse-look-up-of-a-twitter-handle" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Reverse look up of a Twitter handle</h2><p>ในการหา SOL address ที่ associated กับ Twitter handle เราสามารถทำการ reverse look up ได้</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getTwitterRegistry <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@bonfida/spl-name-service"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> handle <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"bonfida"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> registry <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getTwitterRegistry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> handle<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> handle <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"bonfida"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> registry <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getTwitterRegistry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> handle<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: katopz@gmail.com">Todsaporn Banjerdkit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><!----></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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<!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html#sign-transaction" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Sign Transaction"><!--[--><!--]--> Sign Transaction <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html#partial-sign-transaction" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Partial Sign Transaction"><!--[--><!--]--> Partial Sign Transaction <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html#durable-nonce" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Durable Nonce"><!--[--><!--]--> Durable Nonce <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html#create-nonce-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Create Nonce Account"><!--[--><!--]--> Create Nonce Account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html#get-nonce-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Nonce Account"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Nonce Account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html#use-nonce-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Use Nonce Account"><!--[--><!--]--> Use Nonce Account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="offline-transaction" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#offline-transaction" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Offline Transaction</h1><h2 id="sign-transaction" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#sign-transaction" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Sign Transaction</h2><p>การสร้าง offline transaction เราสามารถ sign transaction และให้คนอื่น broadcast ไปที่ network ได้</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Message<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> nacl <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"tweetnacl"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// to complete a offline transaction, I will seperate them into four steps</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1. Create Transaction</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2. Sign Transaction</span>
<span class="token comment">// 3. Recover Transaction</span>
<span class="token comment">// 4. Send Transaction</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// create connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// create a example tx, alice transfer to bob and feePayer is `feePayer`</span>
<span class="token comment">// alice and feePayer are signer in this tx</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> bob <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1. Create Transaction</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> bob<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getRecentBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>blockhash<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> realDataNeedToSign <span class="token operator">=</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serializeMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// the real data singer need to sign.</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2. Sign Transaction</span>
<span class="token comment">// use any lib you like, the main idea is to use ed25519 to sign it.</span>
<span class="token comment">// the return signature should be 64 bytes.</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> feePayerSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> aliceSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 3. Recover Tranasction</span>
<span class="token comment">// you can verify signatures before you recovering the transaction</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> verifyFeePayerSignatureResult <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span>detached<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// you should use the raw pubkey (32 bytes) to verify</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">verify feePayer signature: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>verifyFeePayerSignatureResult<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> verifyAliceSignatureResult <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span>detached<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">verify alice signature: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>verifyAliceSignatureResult<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// there are two ways you can recover the tx</span>
<span class="token comment">// 3.a Recover Tranasction (use populate then addSignauture)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> recoverTx <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">populate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 4. Send transaction</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 3.b. Recover Tranasction (use populate with signature)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> recoverTx <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">populate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 4. Send transaction</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// if this process takes too long, your recent blockhash will expire (after 150 blocks).</span>
<span class="token comment">// you can use `durable nonce` to get rid of it.</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// there are two ways you can recover the tx</span>
<span class="token comment">// 3.a Recover Tranasction (use populate then addSignauture)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> recoverTx <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">populate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 4. Send transaction</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 3.b. Recover Tranasction (use populate with signature)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> recoverTx <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">populate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 4. Send transaction</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="partial-sign-transaction" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#partial-sign-transaction" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Partial Sign Transaction</h2><p>เมื่อ transaction ต้องการ signatures หลายอันเราสามารถแยกกัน partially sign ได้ โดย signers อื่นสามารถ sign และ broadcast ไปที่ network ได้</p><p>ตัวอย่างการใช้งาน:</p><ul><li>ส่ง SPL token เพื่อกำระเงิน</li><li>Sign transaction เพื่อให้เราสามารถตรวจสอบความถูกต้องได้ทีหลัง</li><li>เรียก custom programs ใน transaction ที่ต้องการ signature ของเรา</li></ul><p>ในตัวอย่างนี้ Bob จะส่ง SPL token ให้ Alice เพื่อเป็นการชำระเงิน:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
createTransferCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
getAssociatedTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
getMint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> base58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/* The transaction:
* - sends 0.01 SOL from Alice to Bob
* - sends 1 token from Bob to Alice
* - is partially signed by Bob, so Alice can approve + send it
*/</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> alicePublicKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> bobKeypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
base58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"Gh9ZwEmdLJ8DscKNTkTqPbNwLNNBjuSzaG9Vp2KGtKJr"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> bobTokenAddress <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAssociatedTokenAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Alice may not have a token account, so Bob creates one if not</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> aliceTokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Bob pays the fee to create it</span>
tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// which token the account is for</span>
alicePublicKey <span class="token comment">// who the token account is for</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Get the details about the token mint</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenMint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Get a recent blockhash to include in the transaction</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> blockhash <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"finalized"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
recentBlockhash<span class="token operator">:</span> blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Alice pays the transaction fee</span>
feePayer<span class="token operator">:</span> alicePublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Transfer 0.01 SOL from Alice -> Bob</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alicePublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.01</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Transfer 1 token from Bob -> Alice</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createTransferCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bobTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// source</span>
tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
aliceTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span>
bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of source account</span>
<span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">**</span> tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount to transfer</span>
tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals <span class="token comment">// decimals of token</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Partial sign as Bob</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">partialSign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Serialize the transaction and convert to base64 to return it</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> serializedTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// We will need Alice to deserialize and sign the transaction</span>
requireAllSignatures<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transactionBase64 <span class="token operator">=</span> serializedTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"base64"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> transactionBase64<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// The caller of this can convert it back to a transaction object:</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> recoveredTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transactionBase64<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"base64"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1. Add an instruction to send the token from Bob to Alice</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createTransferCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bobTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// source</span>
tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
aliceTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span>
bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of source account</span>
<span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">**</span> tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount to transfer</span>
tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals <span class="token comment">// decimals of token</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2. Bob partially signs the transaction</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">partialSign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 3. Serialize the transaction without requiring all signatures</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> serializedTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
requireAllSignatures<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 4. Alice can deserialize the transaction</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> recoveredTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transactionBase64<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"base64"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="durable-nonce" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#durable-nonce" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Durable Nonce</h2><p><code>RecentBlockhash</code> เป็นค่าที่สำคัญในการทำ transaction ซึ่ง transaction จะโดนปฏิเสธ(rejected) ถ้าเราใช้ blockhash ที่หมดอายุไปแล้ว (เลย 150 blocks) เราสามารถใช้ <code>durable nonce</code> เพื่อหา blockhash ที่ไม่มีวันหมดอายุๆด้ โดยเราจะต้อง</p><ol><li>ใช้ <code>nonce</code> ที่เก็บไว้ใน <code>nonce account</code> แทน recent blockhash</li><li>ใส่ <code>nonce advance</code> ใน instruction</li></ol><h3 id="create-nonce-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#create-nonce-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Create Nonce Account</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> nonceAccountAuth <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">nonce account: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token comment">// create nonce account</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// init nonce account</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nonceInitialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
noncePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce account pubkey</span>
authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce account authority (for advance and close)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token comment">// create nonce account</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// init nonce account</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nonceInitialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
noncePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce account pubkey</span>
authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce account authority (for advance and close)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="get-nonce-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#get-nonce-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Get Nonce Account</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> nonceAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"7H18z3v3rZEoKiwY3kh8DLn9eFT6nFCQ2m4kiC7RZ3a4"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">nonce: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>nonce<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">authority: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>authorizedPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">fee calculator: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>feeCalculator<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> accountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="use-nonce-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#use-nonce-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Use Nonce Account</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup our connection and wallet</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Fund our wallet with 1 SOL</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> nonceAccountAuth <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> nonceAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"7H18z3v3rZEoKiwY3kh8DLn9eFT6nFCQ2m4kiC7RZ3a4"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token comment">// nonce advance must be the first instruction</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nonceAdvance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
noncePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// after that, you do what you really want to do, here we append a transfer instruction as an example.</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// assign `nonce` as recentBlockhash</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>nonce<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
nonceAccountAuth
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + nonce account authority + ... */</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token comment">// nonce advance must be the first instruction</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nonceAdvance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
noncePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// after that, you do what you really want to do, here we append a transfer instruction as an example.</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// assign `nonce` as recentBlockhash</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>nonce<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
nonceAccountAuth
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + nonce account authority + ... */</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: katopz@gmail.com">Todsaporn Banjerdkit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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aria-label="เราต้องรู้อะไรบ้างก่อนจะไปใช้งาน SPL-Tokens?"><!--[--><!--]--> เราต้องรู้อะไรบ้างก่อนจะไปใช้งาน SPL-Tokens? <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/token.html#วิธีสร้าง-token-ใหม่" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธีสร้าง Token ใหม่"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธีสร้าง Token ใหม่ <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/token.html#วิธีดึงข้อมูล-token-mint" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธีดึงข้อมูล token mint"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธีดึงข้อมูล token mint <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/references/token.html#วิธีสร้าง-token-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธีสร้าง token account"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธีสร้าง token account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" 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href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="token" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#token" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Token</h1><h2 id="เราต้องรู้อะไรบ้างก่อนจะไปใช้งาน-spl-tokens" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#เราต้องรู้อะไรบ้างก่อนจะไปใช้งาน-spl-tokens" aria-hidden="true">#</a> เราต้องรู้อะไรบ้างก่อนจะไปใช้งาน SPL-Tokens?</h2><p>ทุกครั้งที่เราจะทำงานกับ tokens บน Solana จริงๆ แล้วเราจะทำงานกับ Solana Program Library Token หรือมาตรฐาน SPL-Token standard ซึ่งจะต้องการ library เฉพาะ ที่เราสามารถหาได้ข้างล่างนี้ตามภาษาที่เราสนใจ</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>"@solana/spl-token": "^0.2.0"
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีสร้าง-token-ใหม่" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีสร้าง-token-ใหม่" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีสร้าง Token ใหม่</h2><p>การสร้าง token ทำได้ด้วยการสร้าง "mint account" ซึ่ง mint account นี้จะถูกนำไปใช้ในการ mint token ไปที่ token account ของเราในภายหลัง</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
createInitializeMintInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">MINT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptMint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
createMint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// conneciton</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can't turn it on again)</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token comment">// create mint account</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MINT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// init mint account</span>
<span class="token function">createInitializeMintInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint pubkey</span>
<span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can't turn it on again)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// conneciton</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can't turn it on again)</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token comment">// create mint account</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MINT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// init mint account</span>
<span class="token function">createInitializeMintInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint pubkey</span>
<span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can't turn it on again)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีดึงข้อมูล-token-mint" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีดึงข้อมูล-token-mint" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีดึงข้อมูล token mint</h2><p>ในการหา supply, authority หรือ decimals ของ token เราจะต้องดึง account info ของ token mint มาให้ได้</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getMint <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mintAccountPublicKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> mintAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintAccountPublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mintAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
{
address: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: 7351e5e067cc7cfefef42e78915d3c513edbb8adeeab4d9092e814fe68c39fec>
},
mintAuthority: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: df30e6ca0981c1a677eed6f7cb46b2aa442ca9b7a10a10e494badea4b9b6944f>
},
supply: 0n,
decimals: 8,
isInitialized: true,
freezeAuthority: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: df30e6ca0981c1a677eed6f7cb46b2aa442ca9b7a10a10e494badea4b9b6944f>
}
}
*/</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> mintAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintAccountPublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีสร้าง-token-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีสร้าง-token-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีสร้าง token account</h2><p>เราต้องการ token account เพื่อใช้ในการเก็บ tokens ของเราไว้ โดยเราจะมีอย่างน้อยหนึ่ง token account สำหรับการเก็บ tokens ของเรา</p><p>Associated Token Accounts (ATAs) จะสามารถสร้างขึ้นมาจาก keypair ได้เหมือนเดิมตลอด (deterministic) เราควรจะใช้ ATAs ในการจัดการ token accounts.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
createAssociatedTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
getAssociatedTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"2SKpuBU9ksneBZD4nqbZkw75NE11HsSHsGRtW2BZh5aQ"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">ATA: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>ata<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) composed by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// calculate ATA</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAssociatedTokenAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">ATA: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>ata<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// if your wallet is off-curve, you should use</span>
<span class="token comment">// let ata = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(</span>
<span class="token comment">// mintPubkey, // mint</span>
<span class="token comment">// alice.publicKey // owner</span>
<span class="token comment">// true, // allowOwnerOffCurve</span>
<span class="token comment">// );</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span>
ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// ata</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner</span>
mintPubkey <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) composed by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span>
ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// ata</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner</span>
mintPubkey <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีดึงข้อมูล-token-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีดึงข้อมูล-token-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีดึงข้อมูล Token Account</h2><p>ทุกๆ token account จะมีข้อมูลของ token เช่นใครเป็น owner, mint, amount(balance), และ decimals.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getAccount <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
{
address: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: 16aef79dfadb39ffedb3b6f77688b8c162b18bb9cba2ffefe152303629ae3030>
},
mint: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: 7351e5e067cc7cfefef42e78915d3c513edbb8adeeab4d9092e814fe68c39fec>
},
owner: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: df30e6ca0981c1a677eed6f7cb46b2aa442ca9b7a10a10e494badea4b9b6944f>
},
amount: 0n,
delegate: null,
delegatedAmount: 0n,
isInitialized: true,
isFrozen: false,
isNative: false,
rentExemptReserve: null,
closeAuthority: null
}
*/</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีดึงข้อมูล-balance-ของ-token-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีดึงข้อมูล-balance-ของ-token-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีดึงข้อมูล balance ของ token account</h2><p>token account จะมีข้อมูล token balance ที่สามารถดึงได้ภายในการเรียกครั้งเดียว</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"FWZedVtyKQtP4CXhT7XDnLidRADrJknmZGA2qNjpTPg8"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tokenAmount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTokenAccountBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">amount: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>tokenAmount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>amount<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">decimals: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>tokenAmount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tokenAmount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTokenAccountBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span>commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"FWZedVtyKQtP4CXhT7XDnLidRADrJknmZGA2qNjpTPg8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_token_account_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>token_account<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"amount: {}, decimals: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> balance<span class="token punctuation">.</span>amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> balance<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> balance <span class="token operator">=</span> connection
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_token_account_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>token_account<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">TIP</p><p>token account สามารถมี mint ได้ตัวเดียว ถ้าเราระบุถึง token account เราก็สามารถระบุ mint ได้ด้วยเช่นกัน</p></div><h2 id="วิธี-mint-tokens" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธี-mint-tokens" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธี mint tokens</h2><p>เมื่อเรา mint tokens เราจะเพิ่ม supply และส่ง tokens ใหม่ไปที่ token account ที่ต้องการได้</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
createMintToCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
mintToChecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">mintToChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// receiver (should be a token account)</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// if alice is a multisig account</span>
<span class="token comment">// let txhash = await mintToChecked(</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection, // connection</span>
<span class="token comment">// feePayer, // fee payer</span>
<span class="token comment">// mintPubkey, // mint</span>
<span class="token comment">// tokenAccountPubkey, // receiver (should be a token account)</span>
<span class="token comment">// alice.publicKey, // !! mint authority pubkey !!</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1e8, // amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span>
<span class="token comment">// 8, // decimals</span>
<span class="token comment">// [signer1, signer2 ...],</span>
<span class="token comment">// );</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createMintToCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// receiver (should be a token account)</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token comment">// [signer1, signer2 ...], // only multisig account will use</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + mint authority */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">mintToChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// receiver (should be a token account)</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createMintToCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// receiver (should be a token account)</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token comment">// [signer1, signer2 ...], // only multisig account will use</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีส่ง-tokens" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีส่ง-tokens" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีส่ง tokens</h2><p>เราสามารถส่ง tokens จาก token account ไปที่ token account อื่นๆ ได้</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
createTransferCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
transferChecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountXPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountYPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"GMxZfDmpR1b3vdJYXHzdF5noVLQogZuUAsDHHQ3ytPfV"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">transferChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span>
tokenAccountXPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from (should be a token account)</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
tokenAccountYPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// to (should be a token account)</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from's owner</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createTransferCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
tokenAccountXPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from (should be a token account)</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
tokenAccountYPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// to (should be a token account)</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from's owner</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + owner */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">transferChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span>
tokenAccountXPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from (should be a token account)</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
tokenAccountYPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// to (should be a token account)</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from's owner</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createTransferCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
tokenAccountXPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from (should be a token account)</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
tokenAccountYPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// to (should be a token account)</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from's owner</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีทําลาย-burn-tokens" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีทําลาย-burn-tokens" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีทำลาย (burn) tokens</h2><p>เราสามารถ burn token ถ้าเราเป็น token owner</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
burnChecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
createBurnCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">burnChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span>
<span class="token number">8</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createBurnCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + token authority */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">burnChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span>
<span class="token number">8</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createBurnCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีปิด-token-accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีปิด-token-accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีปิด token accounts</h2><p>เราสามารถปิด token account ถ้าเราไม่ต้องการใช้มันแล้ว จะมีอยู่ 2 แบบ:</p><ol><li>Wrapped SOL - การปิดจะเปลี่ยน Wrapped SOL ไปเป็น SOL</li><li>Tokens อื่นๆ - เราสามารถปิดมันได้ถ้า balance ของ token account เป็น 0.</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> closeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createCloseAccountInstruction <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">closeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account which you want to close</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span>
alice <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createCloseAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account which you want to close</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + owner */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">closeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account which you want to close</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span>
alice <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createCloseAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account which you want to close</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีตั้ง-authority-สําหรับ-token-accounts-หรือ-mints" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีตั้ง-authority-สําหรับ-token-accounts-หรือ-mints" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีตั้ง authority สำหรับ token accounts หรือ mints</h2><p>เราสามารถ set/update authority ได้ 4 ประเภท:</p><ol><li>MintTokens (mint account)</li><li>FreezeAccount (mint account)</li><li>AccountOwner (token account)</li><li>CloseAccount (token account)</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
createSetAuthorityInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
setAuthority<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> randomGuy <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">random guy: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// authority type</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1) for mint account</span>
<span class="token comment">// AuthorityType.MintTokens</span>
<span class="token comment">// AuthorityType.FreezeAccount</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) for token account</span>
<span class="token comment">// AuthorityType.AccountOwner</span>
<span class="token comment">// AuthorityType.CloseAccount</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">setAuthority</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint account || token account</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// current authority</span>
AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span>
<span class="token class-name">randomGuy</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// new authority (you can pass `null` to close it)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createSetAuthorityInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint acocunt || token account</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// current auth</span>
AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span>
<span class="token class-name">feePayer</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// new auth (you can pass `null` to close it)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + origin auth */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">setAuthority</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint account || token account</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// current authority</span>
AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span>
<span class="token class-name">randomGuy</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// new authority (you can pass `null` to close it)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createSetAuthorityInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint acocunt || token account</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// current auth</span>
AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span>
<span class="token class-name">randomGuy</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// new auth (you can pass `null` to close it)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีอนุมัติ-approve-token-ให้-delegate-ได้" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีอนุมัติ-approve-token-ให้-delegate-ได้" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีอนุมัติ (approve) token ให้ delegate ได้</h2><p>เราสามารถตั้งค่า delegate ให้ใช้ตามจำนวนที่อนุมัติไว้เท่านั้น หลังจากที่ตั้งแล้ว, โดย delegate จะเป็นเหมือน owner ของ token account ของเราอีกคน <code>token account สามารถ delegate ไปได้เพียง account เดียวในเวลาเดียวกัน</code></p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
approveChecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
createApproveCheckedInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> randomGuy <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"GMxZfDmpR1b3vdJYXHzdF5noVLQogZuUAsDHHQ3ytPfV"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">approveChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span>
randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// delegate</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createApproveCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// delegate</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + owner */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">approveChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span>
randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// delegate</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createApproveCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// delegate</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธียกเลิก-revoke-token-ที่-delegate-ไว้" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธียกเลิก-revoke-token-ที่-delegate-ไว้" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธียกเลิก (revoke) token ที่ delegate ไว้</h2><p>Revoke will set delegate to null และ set delegated amount to 0.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createRevokeInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> revoke <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenAccountPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"DRS5CSgPQp4uvPPcUA34tckfYFNUPNBJi77fVbnSfQHr"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">revoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span>
alice <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txhash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createRevokeInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
alice <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + origin auth */</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">revoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span>
alice <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createRevokeInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีจัดการ-wrapped-sol" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีจัดการ-wrapped-sol" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีจัดการ wrapped SOL</h2><p>Wrapped SOL ก็เหมือน token mint ทั่วไป ความแตกต่างคือเราจะใช้ <code>syncNative</code> และ จะต้องสร้าง token accounts ด้วย <code>NATIVE_MINT</code> address เท่านั้น</p><h3 id="การสร้าง-token-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#การสร้าง-token-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> การสร้าง Token Account</h3><p>เหมือนกับ <a href="#%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87-token-account">การสร้าง Token Account</a> แต่จะแทนที่ mint ด้วย <code>NATIVE_MINT</code></p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="เพิ่ม-balance" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#เพิ่ม-balance" aria-hidden="true">#</a> เพิ่ม Balance</h3><p>การเพิ่ม balance จะมีอยู่ 2 วิธีสำหรับ Wrapped SOL</p><h4 id="_1-โดยการส่ง-sol" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-โดยการส่ง-sol" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 1. โดยการส่ง SOL</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
getAssociatedTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
createSyncNativeInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
createAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// remember to create ATA first</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAssociatedTokenAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> amount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">1e9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* Wrapped SOL's decimals is 9 */</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token comment">// trasnfer SOL</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// sync wrapped SOL balance</span>
<span class="token function">createSyncNativeInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ata<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token comment">// trasnfer SOL</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// sync wrapped SOL balance</span>
<span class="token function">createSyncNativeInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ata<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h4 id="_2-โดยการส่ง-token" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-โดยการส่ง-token" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 2. โดยการส่ง Token</h4><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
getAssociatedTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
createInitializeAccountInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
createTransferInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
closeAccountInstructionData<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
createCloseAccountInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> alice <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// remember to create ATA first</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAssociatedTokenAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> auxAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> amount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">1e9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* Wrapped SOL's decimals is 9 */</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token comment">// create token account</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// rent + amount</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// init token account</span>
<span class="token function">createInitializeAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// transfer WSOL</span>
<span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
amount
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// close aux account</span>
<span class="token function">createCloseAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token comment">// create token account</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// rent + amount</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// init token account</span>
<span class="token function">createInitializeAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// transfer WSOL</span>
<span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// close aux account</span>
<span class="token function">createCloseAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธีดึงข้อมูลทุกๆ-token-accounts-ตาม-owner" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธีดึงข้อมูลทุกๆ-token-accounts-ตาม-owner" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธีดึงข้อมูลทุกๆ token accounts ตาม owner</h2><p>เราสามารถดึงข้อมูล token accounts ตาม owner ได้ 2 วิธี</p><ol><li>ดึงมาทุกๆ Token Account</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"parsed"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"info"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"mint"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">owner: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"parsed"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"info"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"owner"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">decimals: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"parsed"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"info"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"tokenAmount"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"decimals"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">amount: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"parsed"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"info"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"tokenAmount"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"amount"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"===================="</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><ol start="2"><li>กรองข้อมูล (filter) ด้วย mint</li></ol><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> bs58 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"bs58"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// connection</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"54dQ8cfHsW1YfKYpmdVZhWpb9iSi6Pac82Nf7sg3bVb"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
mint<span class="token operator">:</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"parsed"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"info"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"mint"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">owner: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"parsed"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"info"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"owner"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">decimals: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"parsed"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"info"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"tokenAmount"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"decimals"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">amount: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"parsed"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"info"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"tokenAmount"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"amount"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"===================="</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
mint<span class="token operator">:</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: katopz@gmail.com">Todsaporn Banjerdkit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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aria-label="ไทย"><!--[--><!--]--> ไทย <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fr/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Français"><!--[--><!--]--> Français <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">เริ่มต้น <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking กับ Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking กับ Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/getting-started/installation.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="การติดตั้ง"><!--[--><!--]--> การติดตั้ง <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/getting-started/installation.html#ติดตั้ง-web3-js" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="ติดตั้ง Web3.js"><!--[--><!--]--> ติดตั้ง Web3.js <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/getting-started/installation.html#web3-js" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Web3.js"><!--[--><!--]--> Web3.js <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/getting-started/installation.html#spl-token" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="SPL-Token"><!--[--><!--]--> SPL-Token <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/getting-started/installation.html#wallet-adapter" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Wallet-Adapter"><!--[--><!--]--> Wallet-Adapter <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/getting-started/installation.html#ติดตั้ง-rust" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="ติดตั้ง Rust"><!--[--><!--]--> ติดตั้ง Rust <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/getting-started/installation.html#ติดตั้ง-cli" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="ติดตั้ง CLI"><!--[--><!--]--> ติดตั้ง CLI <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/getting-started/installation.html#macos-linux" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="macOS & Linux"><!--[--><!--]--> macOS & Linux <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/getting-started/installation.html#windows" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Windows"><!--[--><!--]--> Windows <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/getting-started/installation.html#build-from-source" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Build From Source"><!--[--><!--]--> Build From Source <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">แนวความคิดหลัก <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">แนวทาง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">อ้างอิง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h2 id="ติดตั้ง-web3-js" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ติดตั้ง-web3-js" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ติดตั้ง Web3.js</h2><p>จะมี libraries บางตัวที่คุณสามารถใช้มันเริ่มเขียน javascript หรือ typescript บน Solana.<br></p><h3 id="web3-js" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#web3-js" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Web3.js</h3><p><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>@solana/web3.js</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> คือ library ที่มีเครื่องมือพื้นฐานมากมายสำหรับการทำงานเบื้องต้น, ส่ง transactions, หรือเอาไว้อ่านข้อมูลจาก blockchain.</p><p>คุณสามาถติดตั้งได้ตามนี้:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">YARN</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">NPM</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">BROWSER</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">yarn</span> <span class="token function">add</span> @solana/web3.js
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save @solana/web3.js
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token comment"><!-- Development (un-minified) --></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/web3.js@latest/lib/index.iife.js<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token comment"><!-- Production (minified) --></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/web3.js@latest/lib/index.iife.min.js<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><hr><h3 id="spl-token" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#spl-token" aria-hidden="true">#</a> SPL-Token</h3><p><code>@solana/spl-token</code> คือ library ที่ประกอบไปด้วย javascript/typescript ที่เอาไว้ทำงานกับ SPL tokens คุณสามารถใช้ library นี้ mint SPL tokens ใหม่, ส่ง token และอื่นๆ อีกมากมาย</p><p>คุณสามาถติดตั้ง library ได้ตามนี้:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">YARN</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">NPM</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">BROWSER</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">yarn</span> <span class="token function">add</span> @solana/spl-token
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save @solana/spl-token
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token comment"><!-- Development (un-minified) --></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/spl-token@latest/lib/index.iife.js<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token comment"><!-- Production (minified) --></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/spl-token@latest/lib/index.iife.min.js<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><hr><h3 id="wallet-adapter" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wallet-adapter" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wallet-Adapter</h3><p>จะมี libraries ที่ช่วยทำให้ wallet สามารถติดต่อกับ Solana เรียกว่า wallet-adapter ตอนนี้จะมี package รองรับการใช้งานร่วมกับ Svelte, Angular, Vue.js, และ React. Wallet-adapter จะช่วย dApp ให้ติดต่อกับ wallets อย่าง <a href="https://phantom.app/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Phantom<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, <a href="https://solflare.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solflare<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, และ wallets อื่นๆ</p><p>คุณสามาถติดตั้ง library ได้ตามนี้:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">YARN</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">NPM</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">yarn</span> <span class="token function">add</span> @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
@solana/wallet-adapter-base
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
@solana/wallet-adapter-base
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="ติดตั้ง-rust" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ติดตั้ง-rust" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ติดตั้ง Rust</h2><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">MACOS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">LINUX</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> --proto <span class="token string">'=https'</span> --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">sh</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> --proto <span class="token string">'=https'</span> --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">sh</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>สำหรับ Windows กรุณาไปที่ <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rust installation site<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><h2 id="ติดตั้ง-cli" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ติดตั้ง-cli" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ติดตั้ง CLI</h2><h3 id="macos-linux" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#macos-linux" aria-hidden="true">#</a> macOS & Linux</h3><p>เปิด Terminal ของคุณขึ้นมา</p><p>แล้วแทนที่ <code>LATEST_RELEASE</code> ด้วย version ที่คุณต้องการ และติดตั้ง <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana release ล่าสุด<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> บนเครื่องของคุณด้วยการ run:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">sh</span> -c <span class="token string">"<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span><span class="token function">curl</span> -sSfL https://release.solana.com/LATEST_RELEASE/install<span class="token variable">)</span></span>"</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>คุณสามารถแทน <code>LATEST_RELEASE</code> ด้วย release tag ที่ตรงกับ version ที่คุณต้องการ หรือใช้ channel <code>stable</code>, <code>beta</code>, หรือ <code>edge</code> ก็ได้ ถ้าอยากรู้ว่า release ล่าสุดคืออะไรลองไปดู <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ที่นี่<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>ถ้า update สำเร็จจะเจอ output แบบข้างล่างนี้ :</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>downloading LATEST_RELEASE installer
Configuration: /home/solana/.config/solana/install/config.yml
Active release directory: /home/solana/.local/share/solana/install/active_release
* Release version: LATEST_RELEASE
* Release URL: https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/download/LATEST_RELEASE/solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2
Update successful
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p>ตอนติดตั้งขั้นสุดท้ายอาจจะมีข้อความยืนยัน ซึ่งจะแตกต่างกันไประหว่างระบบ</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>Please update your <span class="token environment constant">PATH</span> environment variable to include the solana programs:
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>ถ้าเจอข้อความนี้ ให้คัดลอก และวางคำสั่งตามที่ขึ้นแนะนำเพื่อที่จะ update <code>PATH</code></p><p>ลอง run คำสั่งนี้เพื่อยืนยันการติดตั้ง <code>solana</code> ว่า version ตรงกับที่ต้องการ:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana --version
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>หลังจากที่ติดตั้งสำเร็จแล้ว เราสามารถใช้คำสั่ง <code>solana-install update</code> เพื่อ update Solana เมื่อไหร่ก็ได้ตามต้องการ</p><h4 id="downloading-binaries-linux" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#downloading-binaries-linux" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Downloading Binaries (Linux)</h4><p>นอกจากนี้ คุณยังสามารถติดตั้งจาก binaries แทนที่จะใช้ solana-install ได้ด้วย</p><p>ทำการโหลด binaries โดยไปที่ <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, โหลด <strong>solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-msvc.tar.bz2</strong> แล้วแตก archive:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">tar</span> jxf solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2
<span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-release/
<span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">$PWD</span>/bin:<span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h4 id="downloading-binaries-macos" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#downloading-binaries-macos" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Downloading Binaries (macOS)</h4><p>นอกจากนี้ คุณยังสามารถติดตั้งจาก binaries แทนที่จะใช้ solana-install ได้ด้วย</p><p>ทำการโหลด binaries โดยไปที่ <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, โหลด <strong>solana-release-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.bz2</strong>, แล้วแตก archive:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">tar</span> jxf solana-release-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.bz2
<span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-release/
<span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">$PWD</span>/bin:<span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><hr><h3 id="windows" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#windows" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Windows</h3><p>เปิด Command Prompt (<code>cmd.exe</code>) ในฐานะ Administrator.</p><p>ค้นหา Command Prompt ด้วย Windows search bar. เมื่อ Command Prompt app ปรากฏ, click ขวาและเลือก “Open as Administrator”. ถ้าเจอ pop-up ถามว่า “Do you want to allow this app to make changes to your device?”, ให้ตอบ 'Yes'.</p><p>คัดลอก และวางคำสั่งด้านล่าง และกด Enter เพื่อโหลด Solana installer ลงใน temporary directory:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> https://release.solana.com/v1.9.16/solana-install-init-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.exe --output C:<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-tmp<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-init.exe --create-dirs
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>ถ้า <code>v1.9.16</code> ไม่ใช่ version ที่คุณต้องการ ให้ลองไปหา release อื่นๆ <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ที่นี่<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>คัดลอก และวางคำสั่งด้านล่าง และกด Enter เพื่อติดตั้ง Solana version ล่าสุด ถ้าเจอ pop-up ก็ให้เลือก allow เพื่อ run program</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>C:<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-tmp<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-init.exe v1.9.16
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>ถ้าต้องการหา release อื่นๆ ให้ไป <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ที่นี่<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>เมื่อติดตั้งสำเร็จให้กด Enter.</p><p>ปิดหน้าต่าง command prompt และเปิด command prompt ใหม่ในฐานะ user</p><p>ค้นหา Command Prompt ด้วย search bar กด click ซ้ายที่ Command Prompt app icon (ไม่ต้อง run ด้วย Administrator)</p><p>ลอง run คำสั่งนี้เพื่อยืนยันการติดตั้ง <code>solana</code> ว่า version ตรงกับที่ต้องการ:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana --version
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>หลังจากที่ติดตั้งสำเร็จแล้ว เราสามารถใช้คำสั่ง <code>solana-install update</code> เพื่อ update Solana เมื่อไหร่ก็ได้ตามต้องการ</p><h4 id="downloading-binaries" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#downloading-binaries" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Downloading Binaries</h4><p>นอกจากนี้ คุณยังสามารถติดตั้งจาก binaries แทนที่จะใช้ solana-install ได้ด้วย</p><p>ทำการโหลด binaries โดยไปที่ <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, โหลด <strong>solana-release-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.bz2</strong>, แล้วแตก archive ด้วย WinZip หรือโปรแกรมอื่นๆ</p><p>เปิด Command Prompt แล้วไปที่ directory ที่แตก archive ไว้แล้ว run คำสั่ง:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-release/
<span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span>%cd%/bin<span class="token punctuation">;</span>%<span class="token environment constant">PATH</span>%
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h3 id="build-from-source" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#build-from-source" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Build From Source</h3><p>ถ้าคุณไม่สามารถใช้ prebuilt binaries หรืออยากจะ build เองให้ไปที่ <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, และโหลด <strong>Source Code</strong> archive. แตก code ออกมา และ build binaries ด้วยคำสั่ง:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>./scripts/cargo-install-all.sh <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
<span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">$PWD</span>/bin:<span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>คุณสามารถ run คำสั่งด้านล่างเพื่อให้ได้ผลแบบเดียวกับ prebuilt binaries:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-install init
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: katopz@gmail.com">Todsaporn Banjerdkit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/th/" class="" aria-label="Cooking กับ Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking กับ Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><!----></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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Serialization"><!--[--><!--]--> การติดตั้งสำหรับ Borsh Serialization <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/serialization.html#วิธี-serialize-instruction-data-ที่-client" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธี serialize instruction data ที่ client"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธี serialize instruction data ที่ client <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/serialization.html#วิธี-deserialize-instruction-data-ใน-program" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธี deserialize instruction data ใน program"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธี deserialize instruction data ใน program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/serialization.html#วิธี-serialize-account-data-ใน-program" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธี serialize account data ใน program"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธี serialize account data ใน program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/serialization.html#pack" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Pack"><!--[--><!--]--> Pack <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/serialization.html#serialization-deserialization" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialization/Deserialization"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialization/Deserialization <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/serialization.html#การใช้งาน" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/serialization.html#วิธี-deserialize-account-data-ที่-client" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="วิธี deserialize account data ที่ client"><!--[--><!--]--> วิธี deserialize account data ที่ client <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/serialization.html#solana-ts-js-mappings-ทั่วไป" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana TS/JS Mappings ทั่วไป"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana TS/JS Mappings ทั่วไป <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/serialization.html#advanced-constructs" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Advanced Constructs"><!--[--><!--]--> Advanced Constructs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/serialization.html#coption" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="COption"><!--[--><!--]--> COption <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/serialization.html#resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">อ้างอิง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="serializing-data" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#serializing-data" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Serializing Data</h1><p>เวลาที่เราจะทำ serialization เราจะหมายถึงทั้งการ serialize data และการ deserialize data.</p><p>Serialization เข้ามามีส่วนทั้งใน Solana program และใน program accounts:</p><ol><li>Serializing instruction data ที่ client</li><li>Deserializing instruction data ใน program</li><li>Serializing Account data ใน program</li><li>Deserializing Account Data ที่ client</li></ol><p>การ serialization ในแต่ละที่สามารถทำได้เหมือนๆ กัน โดย code สั้นๆ (snippets) จะแสดงให้เห็นตัวอย่างของการ serialization โดยใช้ <a href="#resources">Borsh</a>.</p><p>ตัวอย่างใน document นำมาจาก <a href="#resources">Solana CLI Program Template</a></p><h2 id="การติดตั้งสําหรับ-borsh-serialization" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#การติดตั้งสําหรับ-borsh-serialization" aria-hidden="true">#</a> การติดตั้งสำหรับ Borsh Serialization</h2><p>Libraries สำหรับ Borsh ที่ต้องติดตั้งสำหรับ Rust program, Rust client, Node and/or Python client.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Program</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Node Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python Client</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-toml ext-toml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-toml"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">package</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key property">name</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"solana-cli-template-program-bpf"</span>
<span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"0.1.0"</span>
<span class="token key property">edition</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"2018"</span>
<span class="token key property">license</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"WTFPL"</span>
<span class="token comment"># See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">features</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key property">no-entrypoint</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key property">borsh</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"0.9.0"</span>
<span class="token key property">lazy_static</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.4.0"</span>
<span class="token key property">num-derive</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"0.3"</span>
<span class="token key property">num_enum</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"0.5.1"</span>
<span class="token key property">num-integer</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"0.1.44"</span>
<span class="token key property">num-traits</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"0.2"</span>
<span class="token key property">sol-template-shared</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token key property">path</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"../shared"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token key property">solana-program</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.8.2"</span>
<span class="token key property">thiserror</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.0"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dev-dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key property">solana-program-test</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.8.2"</span>
<span class="token key property">solana-sdk</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.8.2"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">lib</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key property">crate-type</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"cdylib"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"lib"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-toml ext-toml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-toml"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">package</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key property">name</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"cli-program-template"</span>
<span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"0.1.5"</span>
<span class="token key property">edition</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"2018"</span>
<span class="token key property">license</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"WTFPL"</span>
<span class="token key property">publish</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key property">borsh</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"0.9.0"</span>
<span class="token key property">clap</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"2.33.3"</span>
<span class="token key property">lazy_static</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.4.0"</span>
<span class="token key property">serde</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.0.125"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token key property">features</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"derive"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token key property">serde_yaml</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"0.8.17"</span>
<span class="token key property">sol-template-shared</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token key property">path</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"shared"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token key property">solana-clap-utils</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.8.2"</span>
<span class="token key property">solana-cli-config</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.8.2"</span>
<span class="token key property">solana-client</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.8.2"</span>
<span class="token key property">solana-logger</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.8.2"</span>
<span class="token key property">solana-remote-wallet</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.8.2"</span>
<span class="token key property">solana-sdk</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.8.2"</span>
<span class="token key property">tokio</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token key property">features</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"full"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">workspace</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key property">members</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">"program"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"shared"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dev-dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key property">lazy_static</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.4.0"</span>
<span class="token key property">solana-validator</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.8.2"</span>
<span class="token key property">solana-streamer</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.8.2"</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-json ext-json line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-json"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">"name"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"ts-program-template"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"version"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"0.1.0"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"description"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Sample TS App"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"main"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"client/nmain.ts"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"author"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"keywords"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"workspace"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"client/"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"repository"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">"type"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"git"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"url"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"https: //github.com/hashblock/solana-cli-program-template"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"homepage"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"https: //github.com/hashblock/solana-cli-program-template"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"scripts"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">"test:all"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"npm run build:client && npm run test:client"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"build:client"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"rm -rf ./.dist/client && tsc "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"start"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"node ./node_modules/.bin/mocha .dist/client/main.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"test:client"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"npm run start"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"lint"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"eslint --ext .ts client/* && prettier --check \"client/**/*.ts\""</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"lint:fix"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"eslint --ext .ts client/* --fix"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"pretty"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"prettier --write '{,client/**/}*.ts'"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"devDependencies"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">"@tsconfig/recommended"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^1.0.1"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"@types/chai"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^4.3.0"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"@types/eslint"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^7.28.2"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"@types/eslint-plugin-prettier"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^3.1.0"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"@types/mkdirp"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^1.0.2"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"@types/mocha"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^9.0.0"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"@types/prettier"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^2.4.1"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^5.6.0"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"@typescript-eslint/parser"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^5.6.0"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"chai"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^4.3.4"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"eslint"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^8.2.0"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"eslint-config-google"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^0.14.0"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"eslint-config-prettier"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^8.3.0"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"eslint-plugin-prettier"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^4.0.0"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"html-webpack-plugin"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^5.5.0"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"mocha"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^9.1.3"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"prettier"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^2.4.1"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"start-server-and-test"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^1.14.0"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"ts-node"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^10.4.0"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"typescript"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^4.5.2"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"dependencies"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^1.31.0"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"borsh"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^0.7.0"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"env"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^0.0.2"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"fs"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^0.0.1-security"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"mkdirp"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^1.0.4"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"npm-check-updates"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^12.0.3"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"sync-request"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^6.1.0"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token property">"update"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^0.4.2"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-txt ext-txt line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-txt"><code>borsh-construct==0.1.0
solana==0.20.0
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธี-serialize-instruction-data-ที่-client" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธี-serialize-instruction-data-ที่-client" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธี serialize instruction data ที่ client</h2><img src="/assets/ser1.ceec0bad.png" alt="Serialize Instruction Data"><p>ถ้าเราจะ serializing instruction data เพื่อส่งให้ program เราจะต้องทำเหมือนที่ program จะ deserializes instruction data เข้าไป.</p><p>ใน template นี้ตัว instruction data block ก็คือ serialized array ตามตัวอย่าง:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Instruction (Variant index)</th><th>Serialized Key</th><th>Serialized Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Initialize (0)</td><td>instruction ใช้ไม่ได้</td><td>instruction ใช้ไม่ได้</td></tr><tr><td>Mint (1)</td><td>"foo"</td><td>"bar"</td></tr><tr><td>Transfer (2)</td><td>"foo"</td><td>instruction ใช้ไม่ได้</td></tr><tr><td>Burn (2)</td><td>"foo"</td><td>instruction ใช้ไม่ได้</td></tr></tbody></table><p>ตามตัวอย่างต่อไปนี้ เราจะถือว่าaccount ของ program นี้ได้ถูก initialized แล้ว</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust Client</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Include borsh functionality</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"borsh"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"buffer"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Get Solana</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Flexible class that takes properties and imbues them</span>
<span class="token comment">// to the object instance</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">keys</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> properties<span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Our instruction payload vocabulary</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Borsh needs a schema describing the payload</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> payloadSchema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
Payload<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"struct"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"id"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"u8"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"key"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"string"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"value"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"string"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Instruction variant indexes</span>
<span class="token keyword">enum</span> InstructionVariant <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
InitializeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
MintKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TransferKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
BurnKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* Mint a key value pair to account
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Connection<span class="token punctuation">}</span> connection - Solana RPC connection
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span> progId - Sample Program public key
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span> account - Target program owned account for Mint
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Keypair<span class="token punctuation">}</span> wallet - Wallet for signing and payment
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>string<span class="token punctuation">}</span> mintKey - The key being minted key
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>string<span class="token punctuation">}</span> mintValue - The value being minted
* <span class="token keyword">@return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Promise<Keypair><span class="token punctuation">}</span> - Keypair
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">mintKV</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
progId<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
wallet<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
mintKey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
mintValue<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Construct the payload</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
id<span class="token operator">:</span> InstructionVariant<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
key<span class="token operator">:</span> mintKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 'ts key'</span>
value<span class="token operator">:</span> mintValue<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 'ts first value'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Serialize the payload</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mintSerBuf <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payloadSchema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// console.log(mintSerBuf)</span>
<span class="token comment">// => <Buffer 01 06 00 00 00 74 73 20 6b 65 79 0e 00 00 00 74 73 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 76 61 6c 75 65></span>
<span class="token comment">// let mintPayloadCopy = deserialize(schema, Payload, mintSerBuf)</span>
<span class="token comment">// console.log(mintPayloadCopy)</span>
<span class="token comment">// => Payload { id: 1, key: 'ts key', value: 'ts first value' }</span>
<span class="token comment">// Create Solana Instruction</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> mintSerBuf<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> progId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Send Solana Transaction</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transactionSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
commitment<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"singleGossip"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
preflightCommitment<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"singleGossip"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Signature = "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> transactionSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> transactionSignature<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> borsh_construct <span class="token keyword">import</span> String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U8
<span class="token keyword">from</span> enum <span class="token keyword">import</span> IntEnum
<span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transaction <span class="token keyword">import</span> Transaction
<span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey
<span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keypair <span class="token keyword">import</span> Keypair
<span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>instruction <span class="token keyword">import</span> Instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> AccountMeta
<span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>responses <span class="token keyword">import</span> SendTransactionResp
<span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client
<span class="token comment"># Instruction variants for target program</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">InstructionVariant</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>IntEnum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
INITIALIZE <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span>
MINT <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
TRANSFER <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span>
BURN <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">3</span>
<span class="token comment"># Schema for sending instructionVariants to on-chain sample program</span>
payload_schema <span class="token operator">=</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"id"</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"key"</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"value"</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> String<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">construct_payload</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> InstructionVariant<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token triple-quoted-string string">"""Generate a serialized instructionVariant"""</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> payload_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>build<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"id"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> instruction_variant<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"key"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"value"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> value<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">mint_kv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_pk<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account_pk<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
wallet_kp<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
mint_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
mint_value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> SendTransactionResp<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token triple-quoted-string string">"""Mint with a key/value pair to an account"""</span>
<span class="token comment"># Construct the program payload for Mint invariant</span>
payload_ser <span class="token operator">=</span> construct_payload<span class="token punctuation">(</span>InstructionVariant<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MINT<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_value<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># print(payload_ser)</span>
<span class="token comment"># => b'\x01\n\x00\x00\x00python key\x0c\x00\x00\x00python value'</span>
<span class="token comment"># mint_payload_copy = payload_schema.parse(payload_ser)</span>
<span class="token comment"># print(mint_payload_copy)</span>
<span class="token comment"># => Container:</span>
<span class="token comment"># => initialized = 1</span>
<span class="token comment"># => key = u'python key' (total 10)</span>
<span class="token comment"># => value = u'python value' (total 12)</span>
<span class="token comment"># Construct the transaction with instructionVariant</span>
txn <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>add<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
Instruction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
accounts<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>AccountMeta<span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_pk<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token operator">=</span>program_pk<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token operator">=</span>payload_ser
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>send_transaction<span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># => {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'result': '4ZdpWNdovdVaLextWSiqEBWp67k9rNTTUaX3qviHDXWY9c98bVtaRt5sasPhYzMVXHqhex78gzNKytcBnVH5CSTZ', 'id': 2}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code>
<span class="token comment">/// Instruction payload gets serialized</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Payload</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'a</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'a</span> <span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'a</span> <span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Perform a mint transaction consisting of a key/value pair</span>
<span class="token comment">/// See submit_transaction below</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">mint_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountMeta</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
mint_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
mint_value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
mint_instruction_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">>></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup the payload. `mint_instruction_id` is instruction variant index = 1</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span><span class="token operator"><</span>`_<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mint_instruction_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mint_key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mint_value<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Submits the program instruction as per the</span>
<span class="token comment">/// instruction definition</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
instruction<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">>></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>instruction<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _fee_calculator<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_recent_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
transaction
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"error: failed to sign transaction: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction_with_spinner_and_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"error: send transaction: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธี-deserialize-instruction-data-ใน-program" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธี-deserialize-instruction-data-ใน-program" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธี deserialize instruction data ใน program</h2><img src="/assets/ser2.38d4ca5b.png" alt="Deserialize Instruction Data"><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! instruction Contains the main ProgramInstruction enum</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token comment">/// All custom program instructions</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">MintToAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccounts</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">MintToAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccountsWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Generic Payload Deserialization</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Payload</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
arg1<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
arg2<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span>
<span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>variant <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MintToAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg2<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccounts</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MintToAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg2<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccountsWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">6</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_ <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">DeserializationFailure</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธี-serialize-account-data-ใน-program" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธี-serialize-account-data-ใน-program" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธี serialize account data ใน program</h2><img src="/assets/ser3.7cdd43c8.png" alt="Account Data Serialization"><p>program account data block (จาก repo เดียวกัน) มีรูปแบบดังนี้</p><table><thead><tr><th>Byte 0</th><th>Bytes 1-4</th><th>เหลือ 1019 Bytes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Initialized flag</td><td>ความยาวของ serialized BTreeMap</td><td>BTreeMap (ที่เก็บ key value pairs)</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="pack" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pack" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pack</h3><p>เกี่ยวกับ <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/22a18a68e3ee68ae013d647e62e12128433d7230/sdk/program/src/program_pack.rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Pack<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> trait</p><p>Pack trait จะซ่อนรายละเอียดในการ serialization/deserialization account data จากการ process Program instruction ดังนั้นแทนที่จะใส่ serialize/deserialize log ใน program processing code มันจะซ่อนรายละเอียดอยุ่ใน (3) functions:</p><ol><li><code>unpack_unchecked</code> - ทำให้เรา deserialize account โดยไม่ตรวจว่ามันถูก initialized ไปรึยัง มันจะมีประโยชน์ตอนที่เรา process Initialization function (variant index 0)</li><li><code>unpack</code> - เรียกใช้ <code>unpack_from_slice</code> ใน Pack และตรวจสอบว่า account ถูก initialized แล้ว.</li><li><code>pack</code> - เรียกใช้ <code>pack_into_slice</code> ใน Pack</li></ol><p>นี่คือตัวอย่าง program ของเราที่มีการ implementation ของ Pack trait และต่อด้วยการ process account data โดยใช้ borsh.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief account_state manages account data</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">sol_template_shared<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Maintains global accumulator</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Returns indicator if this account has been initialized</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Adds a new key/value pair to the account</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">KeyAlreadyExists</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Removes a key from account and returns the keys value</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">KeyNotFoundInAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Pack expects the implementation to satisfy whether the</span>
<span class="token comment">// account is initialzed.</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Store 'state' of account to its data area</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">sol_template_shared<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Retrieve 'state' of account from account data area</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> <span class="token namespace">sol_template_shared<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> btree_map<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">:</span> btree_map<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="serialization-deserialization" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#serialization-deserialization" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Serialization/Deserialization</h3><p>เพื่อที่จะเข้าใจการทำงานเบื้องหลังทั้งหมด serialization และ deserialization:</p><ol><li><code>sol_template_shared::pack_into_slice</code> - คือที่ๆ การ serialization เกิดขึ้น</li><li><code>sol_template_shared::unpack_from_slice</code> - คือที่ๆ การ deserialization เกิดขึ้น</li></ol><p><strong>Note</strong> เราจะมี <code>u32</code> (4 bytes) ใน data layout เอาไว้แบ่ง(partition) ซึ่งในนั้นจะมี <code>BTREE_LENGTH</code> ตามด้วย <code>BTREE_STORAGE</code> ทั้งนี้เราต้องมีไว้เพื่อ borsh ตอน deserialization, ตรวจสอบขนาดของ slice ที่เราจะ deserializing เลือกจำนวนของ data ที่จะอ่านก่อนที่จะไปรวม object ที่ได้มา. วิธีในตัวอย่างต่อไปนี้เราจะอ่าน <code>BTREE_LENGTH</code> ขนาดก่อนแล้วค่อย <code>slice</code> มันออกจาก <code>BTREE_STORAGE</code> pointer.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust Program</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>program_memory<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>sol_memcpy<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Initialization flag size for account state</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Storage for the serialized size of the BTreeMap control</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Storage for the serialized BTreeMap container</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1019</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Sum of all account state lengths</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Packs the initialized flag and data content into destination slice</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[allow(clippy::ptr_offset_with_cast)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> dst <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_mut_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup pointers to key areas of account state data</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized_dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len_dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token macro property">mut_array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Set the initialized flag</span>
is_initialized_dst<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> is_initialized <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Store the core data length and serialized content</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> keyval_store_data <span class="token operator">=</span> btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> data_len <span class="token operator">=</span> keyval_store_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> data_len <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
data_len_dst<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copy_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data_len <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">sol_memcpy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data_dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>keyval_store_data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">panic!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Unpacks the data from slice and return the initialized flag and data content</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[allow(clippy::ptr_offset_with_cast)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">>></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> src <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup pointers to key areas of account state data</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> is_initialized_src <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_ <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"unrecognized initialization flag \"{:?}\". in account"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
is_initialized_src
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Get current size of content in data area</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> data_len <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// If emptry, create a default</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> data_len <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> data_dser <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>data_src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>data_len<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="การใช้งาน" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#การใช้งาน" aria-hidden="true">#</a> การใช้งาน</h3><p>ตัวอย่างต่อไปเราจะประกอบทุกอย่างเข้าด้วยกัน และจะแสดงวิธีที่ program ทำงานร่วมกับ <code>ProgramAccountState</code> ซึ่งมี initialization flag และ <code>BTreeMap</code> สำหรับ key/value pairs เก็บไว้อยู่ในนั้น</p><p>อันดับแรก เมื่อเราต้องการเริ่มต้นบัญชีใหม่:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Initialize a new program account, which is the first in AccountInfo array</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Initialize account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Here we use unpack_unchecked as we have yet to initialize</span>
<span class="token comment">// Had we tried to use unpack it would fail because, well, chicken and egg</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// We double check that we haven't already initialized this accounts data</span>
<span class="token comment">// more than once. If we are good, we set the initialized flag</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Finally, we store back to the accounts space</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>Now we สามารถ operate on our other instructions as the following demonstrates minting a new key value pair that we demonstrated above when sending instructions from a client:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Mint a key/pair to the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">mint_keypair_to_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Mint to account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Unpacking an uninitialized account state will fail</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Add the key value pair to the underlying BTreeMap</span>
account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Finally, serialize back to the accounts data</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="วิธี-deserialize-account-data-ที่-client" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#วิธี-deserialize-account-data-ที่-client" aria-hidden="true">#</a> วิธี deserialize account data ที่ client</h2><p>เวลาที่ Clients ดึง program account จาก Solana จะมี serialized data block ติดมาด้วยส่วนนึง การที่จะ deserializing ในส่วนนี้เราจะต้องรู้จักรูปแบบ data block layout ก่อน</p><p>layout ของ account data มีอธิบายไว้ <a href="#account-data-serialization">ที่นี่</a></p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"borsh"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"buffer"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
AccountMeta<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Flexible class that takes properties and imbues them</span>
<span class="token comment">// to the object instance</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">keys</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> properties<span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">AccoundData</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> dataSchema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
AccoundData<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"struct"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"initialized"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"u8"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"tree_length"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"u32"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"map"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"map"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"string"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"string"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* Fetch program account data
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Connection<span class="token punctuation">}</span> connection - Solana RPC connection
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span> account - Public key for account whose data we want
* <span class="token keyword">@return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Promise<AccoundData><span class="token punctuation">}</span> - Keypair
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">getAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator"><</span>AccoundData<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> nameAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"processed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">deserializeUnchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dataSchema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> AccoundData<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nameAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> borsh_construct <span class="token keyword">import</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HashMap<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String
<span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>commitment <span class="token keyword">import</span> Confirmed
<span class="token keyword">from</span> solders<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey <span class="token keyword">import</span> Pubkey
<span class="token keyword">from</span> solana<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rpc<span class="token punctuation">.</span>api <span class="token keyword">import</span> Client
<span class="token comment"># Schema to deserialize program's account data</span>
account_schema <span class="token operator">=</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"initialized"</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"map_length"</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"map"</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> HashMap<span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">get_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Client<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_pk<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token triple-quoted-string string">"""Fetch account information from RPC, parse out the data and deserialize"""</span>
res <span class="token operator">=</span> client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_account_info<span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_pk<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Confirmed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'base64'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> account_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parse<span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># Results in or similar</span>
<span class="token comment"># => Container:</span>
<span class="token comment"># => initialized = 1</span>
<span class="token comment"># => map_length = 109</span>
<span class="token comment"># => map = {'Happy': 'New Year!', 'newKey': 'A new value',</span>
<span class="token comment"># => 'python key': 'python value', 'ts key': 'ts first value'}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[allow(clippy::ptr_offset_with_cast)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">>></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> src <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup pointers to key areas of account state data</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> is_initialized_src <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_ <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"unrecognized initialization flag \"{:?}\". in account"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
is_initialized_src
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Get current size of content in data area</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> data_len <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// If emptry, create a default</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> data_len <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> data_dser <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>data_src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>data_len<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="solana-ts-js-mappings-ทั่วไป" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#solana-ts-js-mappings-ทั่วไป" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Solana TS/JS Mappings ทั่วไป</h2><p><a href="#resources">Borsh Specification</a> มีการ mappings สำหรับ primitive และ compound data types ทั้งหมด.</p><p>กุญแจของ TS/JS และ Python คือการกำหนด Borsh Schema ด้วยคำนิยาม (definition) ที่ถูกต้อง เวลา serialize และ deserialize จะได้สามารถสร้างหรือทำงานกับ inputs ได้อย่างไม่มีปัญหา.</p><p>นี่คือตัวอย่างของการทำ serialization ของ primitives (numbers, strings) และ compound types (fixed size array, Map) เริ่มจาก Typescript แล้วไปต่อที่ Python และสุดท้ายทำการ deserialization แบบเดียวกันด้วย Rust:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Python</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token hashbang comment">#!/usr/bin/env node</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"borsh"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"buffer"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> expect <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"chai"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Struct <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* Primitive extends the Struct type from Solana Library
* for convenience of dynamic property setting
* <span class="token keyword">@extends</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Struct<span class="token punctuation">}</span> Solana JS Struct class
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Primitive</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Struct</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* Entry point for script *
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Emulate BTreeMap</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> map <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"cookbook"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"recipe"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"recipe"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"ingredient"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup a Primitive for all basic and a few</span>
<span class="token comment">// compound types</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> value <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Primitive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token constant">U8</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">U16</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">65535</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">U32</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">4294967295</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">FIXED_STRING_ARRAY</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"hello"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"world"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">FIXED_U8_ARRAY</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">MAP_STRING_STRING</span><span class="token operator">:</span> map<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Define our schema</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> schema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
Primitive<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"struct"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"U8"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"u8"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"U16"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"u16"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"U32"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"u32"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"FIXED_STRING_ARRAY"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"string"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"FIXED_U8_ARRAY"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"u8"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">"MAP_STRING_STRING"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"map"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"string"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"string"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Value = "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Serialize then deserialize</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> dser <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>schema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> newValue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>schema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Primitive<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Viola!</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"New value = "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Fixed string array = "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"FIXED_STRING_ARRAY"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Fixed u8 array = "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"FIXED_U8_ARRAY"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Map = "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"MAP_STRING_STRING"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-python ext-py line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-python"><code><span class="token keyword">from</span> borsh_construct <span class="token keyword">import</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U16<span class="token punctuation">,</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HashMap
<span class="token comment"># Schema to deserialize various types</span>
primitive_schema <span class="token operator">=</span> CStruct<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"U8"</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"U16"</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U16<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"U32"</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U32<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"FIXED_STRING_ARRAY"</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"FIXED_U8_ARRAY"</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> U8<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"MAP_STRING_STRING"</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> HashMap<span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">common</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
mapping <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"cookbook"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"recipe"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"recipe"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"ingredient"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment"># Serialize</span>
dser <span class="token operator">=</span> primitive_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>build<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token string">'U8'</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">'U16'</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">65535</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">'U32'</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">4294967295</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"FIXED_STRING_ARRAY"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'hello'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'world'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"FIXED_U8_ARRAY"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"MAP_STRING_STRING"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> mapping<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># => b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x05\x00\x00\x00hello\x05\x00\x00\x00world\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x02\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00cookbook\x06\x00\x00\x00recipe\x06\x00\x00\x00recipe\n\x00\x00\x00ingredient'</span>
<span class="token comment"># Deserialize</span>
new_value <span class="token operator">=</span> primitive_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parse<span class="token punctuation">(</span>dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># Viola</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_value<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># => Container:</span>
<span class="token comment"># => U8 = 255</span>
<span class="token comment"># => U16 = 65535</span>
<span class="token comment"># => U32 = 4294967295</span>
<span class="token comment"># => FIXED_STRING_ARRAY = ListContainer:</span>
<span class="token comment"># => hello</span>
<span class="token comment"># => world</span>
<span class="token comment"># => FIXED_U8_ARRAY = ListContainer:</span>
<span class="token comment"># => 1</span>
<span class="token comment"># => 2</span>
<span class="token comment"># => 3</span>
<span class="token comment"># => 4</span>
<span class="token comment"># => 5</span>
<span class="token comment"># => MAP_STRING_STRING = {'cookbook': 'recipe', 'recipe': 'ingredient'}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[cfg(test)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tests</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">primitives</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> prim <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token number">255u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">104</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">108</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">108</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">119</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">108</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">107</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">98</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">111</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">107</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">112</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">112</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">110</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">103</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">114</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">110</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">116</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Primitive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">u16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> x <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Primitive</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>prim<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"{:?}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> x<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="advanced-constructs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#advanced-constructs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Advanced Constructs</h2><p>เราได้แสดงวิธีสร้าง Payloads ง่ายๆ ในตัวอย่างที่แล้ว ซึ่งในบางครั้ง Solana จะคืน data types นั้นๆ มาให้เลย ในส่วนนี้เราจะแสดงตัวอย่างการ mapping ระหว่าง TS/JS และ Rust เพื่อที่จะจัดการมันได้</p><h3 id="coption" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#coption" aria-hidden="true">#</a> COption</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token hashbang comment">#!/usr/bin/env node</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"borsh"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"buffer"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Struct <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* COption is meant to mirror the
* `solana_program::options::COption`
*
* This type stores a u32 flag (0 | 1) indicating
* the presence or not of a underlying PublicKey
*
* Similar to a Rust Option
* <span class="token keyword">@extends</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Struct<span class="token punctuation">}</span> Solana JS Struct class
* <span class="token keyword">@implements</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>encode<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Struct</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* Creates a COption from a PublicKey
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey?<span class="token punctuation">}</span> akey
* <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>COption<span class="token punctuation">}</span> COption
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token function">fromPublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>akey<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> COption <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>akey <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
noneOrSome<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubKeyBuffer<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
noneOrSome<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubKeyBuffer<span class="token operator">:</span> akey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">}</span> Serialized COption (this)
*/</span>
<span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* Safe deserializes a borsh serialized buffer to a COption
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">}</span> data - Buffer containing borsh serialized data
* <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>COption<span class="token punctuation">}</span> COption object
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> COption <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* Unsafe deserializes a borsh serialized buffer to a COption
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">}</span> data - Buffer containing borsh serialized data
* <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>COption<span class="token punctuation">}</span> COption object
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token function">decodeUnchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> COption <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">deserializeUnchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* Defines the layout of the COption object
* for serializing/deserializing
* <span class="token keyword">@type</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Map<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
COption<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"struct"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"noneOrSome"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"u32"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"pubKeyBuffer"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* Entry point for script *
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>indata<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// If we get a PublicKey</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>indata<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Construct COption instance</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> coption <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromPublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>indata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Testing COption with "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> indata<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Serialize it</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> copt_ser <span class="token operator">=</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"copt_ser "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Deserialize it</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tdone <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Validate contains PublicKey</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"noneOrSome"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"pubkey: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"pubKeyBuffer"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
Output:
Testing COption with A94wMjV54C8f8wn7zL8TxNCdNiGoq7XSN7vWGrtd4vwU
copt_ser Buffer(36) [1, 0, 0, 0, 135, 202, 71, 214, 68, 105, 98, 176, 211, 130, 105, 2, 55, 187, 86, 186, 109, 176, 80, 208, 77, 100, 221, 101, 20, 203, 149, 166, 96, 171, 119, 35, buffer: ArrayBuffer(8192), byteLength: 36, byteOffset: 1064, length: 36]
COption {noneOrSome: 1, pubKeyBuffer: Uint8Array(32)}
pubkey: A94wMjV54C8f8wn7zL8TxNCdNiGoq7XSN7vWGrtd4vwU
*/</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Testing COption with null"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Construct COption instance</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> coption <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromPublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Serialize it</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> copt_ser <span class="token operator">=</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Deserialize it</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tdone1 <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Validate does NOT contains PublicKey</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone1<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"noneOrSome"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token function">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Expected no public key"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"pubkey: null"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
Output:
Testing COption with null
Buffer(36)[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, buffer: ArrayBuffer(8192), byteLength: 36, byteOffset: 2272, length: 36]
COption { noneOrSome: 0, pubKeyBuffer: Uint8Array(32) }
pubkey: null
*/</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Test with PublicKey</span>
<span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"A94wMjV54C8f8wn7zL8TxNCdNiGoq7XSN7vWGrtd4vwU"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Test without PublicKey</span>
<span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span 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class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br><span class="line-number">109</span><br><span class="line-number">110</span><br><span class="line-number">111</span><br><span class="line-number">112</span><br><span class="line-number">113</span><br><span class="line-number">114</span><br><span class="line-number">115</span><br><span class="line-number">116</span><br><span class="line-number">117</span><br><span class="line-number">118</span><br><span class="line-number">119</span><br><span class="line-number">120</span><br><span class="line-number">121</span><br><span class="line-number">122</span><br><span class="line-number">123</span><br><span class="line-number">124</span><br><span class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[cfg(test)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tests</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>array_ref<span class="token punctuation">,</span> array_refs<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">program_option<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Emulate how COption is 'unpacked'</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">deser_option</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Map the data block</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> ain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">36</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>base<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ain<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Get the SOME or NONE u32</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> nos <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>base<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Construct the COption accordingly</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> opt<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> nos <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">None</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_from_array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
opt
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">btest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// From Typescript with borsh'ing</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> copt <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">214</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">98</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">211</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">130</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">105</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">55</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">187</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">86</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">208</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">77</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">221</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">203</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">166</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">171</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">119</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Emulate COption deserialization</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> coption <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">deser_option</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>copt<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"{:?}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Uh-oh"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// As a Borsh Struct</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">TOption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> toption <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">TOption</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>copt<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> pkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_from_array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>toption<span class="token number">.1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Some = {:?} Pubkey = {:?}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> toption<span class="token number">.0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://borsh.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Borsh Specification<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/near/borsh-rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rust Borsh<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/near/borsh-js" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TS/JS Borsh<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/near/borsh-construct-py" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Python Borsh<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://near.github.io/borsh-construct-py/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Python Borsh Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/hashblock/solana-cli-program-template" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana CLI Program Template2<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span 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aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">แนวทาง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#เรื่องน่ารู้" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="เรื่องน่ารู้"><!--[--><!--]--> เรื่องน่ารู้ <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#scenario" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Scenario"><!--[--><!--]--> Scenario <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#feature-status" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Status"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Status <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#parity-testing" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#ตัวอย่างง่ายๆ" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="ตัวอย่างง่ายๆ"><!--[--><!--]--> ตัวอย่างง่ายๆ <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#เปิดทุก-features" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="เปิดทุก features"><!--[--><!--]--> เปิดทุก features <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#เลือกปิด-features" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="เลือกปิด features"><!--[--><!--]--> เลือกปิด features <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#feature-parity-testing" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#full-parity-testing-programmatically" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Full Parity Testing Programmatically"><!--[--><!--]--> Full Parity Testing Programmatically <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">อ้างอิง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="การทดสอบให้เหมือนกัน-parity-testing" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#การทดสอบให้เหมือนกัน-parity-testing" aria-hidden="true">#</a> การทดสอบให้เหมือนกัน (Parity Testing)</h1><p>การทดสอบ program จะทำให้เรามั่นใจได้ในทั้งคุณภาพ และผลลัพทธ์ที่ได้</p><h2 id="เรื่องน่ารู้" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#เรื่องน่ารู้" aria-hidden="true">#</a> เรื่องน่ารู้</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>คุณสมบัติเฉพาะ (Features) คือความสามารถ (capabilities) ที่มีมากับ Solana validators และต้องเปิดถึงจะสามารถใช้งานได้</li><li>Features อาจจะถูกเปิดเพียง cluster เดียว (เช่นบน testnet) แต่ไม่ได้เปิดให้ใช้ที่อื่น (เช่น mainnet-beta).</li><li>อย่างไรก็ตามเมื่อใช้งาน <code>solana-test-validator</code> ด้วยค่าตั้งต้นปกติที่ local, ทุกๆ features จะถูกเปิดให้ใช้งานได้ทั้งหมดตาม Solana version ทำให้ผลที่ได้เวลา testing ที่ local กับ capabilities และผลของการทดสอบอาจจะไม่ตรงกันเวลาที่ deploying และ running ใน cluster อื่นๆ!</li></ul></div><h2 id="scenario" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#scenario" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Scenario</h2><p>สมมติว่าเรามี transaction ที่มี (3) instructions และแต่ละ instruction ใช้ประมาณ 100_000 Compute Units (CU) บน Solana 1.8.x, เราจะเห็น instruction CU consumption คล้ายๆ แบบนี้:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Instruction</th><th>Starting CU</th><th>Execution</th><th>Remaining CU</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr></tbody></table><p>บน Solana 1.9.2 จะมี feature 'transaction wide compute cap' ที่เพิ่มเข้ามาในเรื่อง transaction โดยค่าปกติจะมี budget ให้ 200_000 CU และ instructions ที่ติดไป <strong><em>จะหัก</em></strong> budget มาจาก transaction นั้นด้วย. การใช้ transaction ที่เคยใช้ไปก่อนหน้าจะได้ผลที่แตกต่างเป็นอย่างมาก:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Instruction</th><th>Starting CU</th><th>Execution</th><th>Remaining CU</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>100_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>FAIL!!!</td><td>FAIL!!!</td></tr></tbody></table><p>มุแง! ถ้าเราไม่รู้มาก่อนคงตกใจแย่ เพราะเราไม่ได้เปลี่ยน instruction อะไรเลยแล้วใน devnet ก็ใช้ได้แต่ที่ local ทำไมพัง?!?</p><p>เราสามารถเพิ่ม Transaction budget โดยรวมได้ประมาณ 300_000 CU เผื่อเราจะได้รู้สึกดีขึ้น ตัวอย่างด้านบนพยายามแสดงให้เราเห็นว่าทำไมการทดสอบด้วย <strong><em>Feature Parity</em></strong> ถึงเป็นเรื่องที่ดีที่จะเตรียมตัวไว้ก่อนเพื่อหลีกเลี่ยงความสับสนในภายหลัง</p><h2 id="feature-status" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#feature-status" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Feature Status</h2><p>มันง่ายมากที่จะตรวจสอบว่า features ไหนเปิดให้ใช้สำหรับแต่ละ cluster ด้วยคำสั่ง <code>solana feature status</code></p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana feature status -ud // Displays by feature status for devnet
solana feature status -ut // Displays for testnet
solana feature status -um // Displays for mainnet-beta
solana feature status -ul // Displays for local, requires running solana-test-validator
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>นอกจากนี้เรายังสามารถใช้ <a href="#resources">scfsd</a> เพื่อติดตามดูทุกๆ feature ในทุกๆ clusters ตามภามบางส่วนข้างล่าง และมันยังไม่ต้องใช้ <code>solana-test-validator</code> ในการทำงานด้วย:</p><img src="/assets/scfsd.cc67ec33.png" alt="Feature Status Heatmap"><h2 id="parity-testing" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#parity-testing" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Parity Testing</h2><p>ตามที่บอกไปแล้วว่า <code>solana-test-validator</code> จะเปิด <strong>ทุกๆ</strong> features อัตโนมัติ ดังนั้นเพื่อที่จะตอบคำถามที่ว่า "เราจะสามารถทดสอบที่ local ด้วย environment ที่เหมือน devnet, testnet หรือแม้แต่ mainnet-beta ได้ยังไง?".</p><p>ทางแก้ไข: PRs ที่เพิ่มเข้ามาใน Solana 1.9.6 สามารถทำให้เราปิด features ต่างๆ ได้:</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature <FEATURE_PUBKEY> ...
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h2 id="ตัวอย่างง่ายๆ" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ตัวอย่างง่ายๆ" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ตัวอย่างง่ายๆ</h2><p>สมมติว่าคุณมี program ง่ายๆ ที่ log ข้อมูลที่ได้รับใน entry-point และเราจะทดสอบ transaction ที่เพิ่ม (2) instructions สำหรับ program ของเรา.</p><h3 id="เปิดทุก-features" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#เปิดทุก-features" aria-hidden="true">#</a> เปิดทุก features</h3><ol><li>เราจะเปิด test validator ใน terminal:</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana config set -ul
solana-test-validator -l ./ledger --bpf-program ADDRESS target/deploy/PROGNAME.so --reset`
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><ol start="2"><li>ใน terminal อีกอันให้เปิด log streamer:</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana logs
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ol start="3"><li>แล้วก็ run transaction เราจะเห็น log ที่คุ้นเคยใน terminal (มีปรับให้ดูง่าย):</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1]
Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[0]
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 200000 compute units
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1]
Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[1]
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 187157 compute units
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success[
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><p>เพราะ feature 'transaction wide compute cap' ถูกเปิดตามค่าตั้งต้นอยู่แล้ว ทำให้เราเห็นว่าแต่ละ instruction จะหัก CU จาก budget Transaction เริ่มต้นที่ 200_000 CU.</p><h3 id="เลือกปิด-features" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#เลือกปิด-features" aria-hidden="true">#</a> เลือกปิด features</h3><ol><li>ในการ run ครั้งนี้ เราจะ run ให้ CU budget เท่ากับ devnetโดยใช้เครื่องมือที่อธิบายไว้ใน <a href="#feature-status">Feature Status</a> เราจะแยก <code>transaction wide compute cap</code> public key และใช้ <code>--deactivate-feature</code> ในตอนเริ่ม test validator</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator -l ./ledger --deactivate-feature 5ekBxc8itEnPv4NzGJtr8BVVQLNMQuLMNQQj7pHoLNZ9 --bpf-program target/deploy/PROGNAME.so --reset`
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ol start="2"><li>เราจะเห็น logs ที่ instructions ของเราว่าตอนนี้มี 200_000 CU budget (มีปรับให้ดูง่าย) โดยจะมีบอกในทุกๆ clusters:</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1]
Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[0]
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 200000 compute units
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1]
Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[0]
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 200000 compute units
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><h2 id="feature-parity-testing" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#feature-parity-testing" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Feature Parity Testing</h2><p>เราสามารถทดสอบให้เหมือนกันทั้งหมดได้ใน cluster ที่ต้องการโดยดูว่า feature ยังไม่ได้เปิด (activated) และเพิ่ม<code>--deactivate-feature <FEATURE_PUBKEY></code> สำหรับแต่ละ feature เมื่อเราเรียก <code>solana-test-validator</code>:</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature PUBKEY_1 --deactivate-feature PUBKEY_2 ...
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>ทางเลือกอื่นเช่น <a href="#resources">scfsd</a> จะมีคำสั่งสร้าง output เพื่อปิด features โดยมันจะป้อน output นั้นเข้าไปตอนเริ่มใช้ <code>solana-test-validator</code>:</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator -l ./.ledger $(scfsd -c devnet -k -t)
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>ถ้าเราเปิดอีก terminal ขึ้นมาระหว่างที่ validator ยังทำงานอยู่ และเรียกใช้คำสั่ง <code>solana feature status</code> คุณจะเห็น features ที่ถูก deactivatedเหมือนใน devnet เลย</p><h2 id="full-parity-testing-programmatically" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#full-parity-testing-programmatically" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Full Parity Testing Programmatically</h2><p>สำหรับคนที่ต้องการควบคุมการทดสอบใน test code ก็สามารถเปิดปิด features ได้โดยใช้ function TestValidatorGenesis ใน Solana 1.9.6</p><p>ใน folder root ของ program ให้เราสร้าง folder ชื่อ <code>tests</code> และเพิ่ม file <code>parity_test.rs</code> เข้าไป ส่วนด้านล่างนี้คือ boiler-plate สำหรับใช้ในแต่ละ test</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Test Boiler Plate</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[cfg(test)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">tests</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>error<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">path<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">PathBuf</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">FromStr</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Use gadget-scfs to get interegate feature lists from clusters</span>
<span class="token comment">// must have `gadgets-scfs = "0.2.0" in Cargo.toml [dev-dependencies] to use</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">gadgets_scfs<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">ScfsCriteria</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ScfsMatrix</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SCFS_DEVNET</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span>rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">message<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Added in Solana 1.9.2</span>
<span class="token namespace">compute_budget<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">signature<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">signer<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">transaction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Extended in Solana 1.9.6</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_test_validator<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">TestValidatorGenesis</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Location/Name of ProgramTestGenesis ledger</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"./.ledger"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Path to BPF program (*.so) change if needed</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"target/deploy/"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Program name from program Cargo.toml</span>
<span class="token comment">/// FILL IN WITH YOUR PROGRAM_NAME</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_NAME</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"PROGRAM_NAME"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Program public key</span>
<span class="token comment">/// FILL IN WITH YOUR PROGRAM'S PUBLIC KEY str</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">pubkey!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"PROGRAMS_PUBLIC_KEY_BASE58_STRING"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 'transaction wide compute cap' public key</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">TXWIDE_LIMITS</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">pubkey!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"5ekBxc8itEnPv4NzGJtr8BVVQLNMQuLMNQQj7pHoLNZ9"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Setup the test validator passing features</span>
<span class="token comment">/// you want to deactivate before running transactions</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">>></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Extend environment variable to include our program location</span>
<span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>env<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">set_var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"BPF_OUT_DIR"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Instantiate the test validator</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> test_validator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">TestValidatorGenesis</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Once instantiated, TestValidatorGenesis configuration functions follow</span>
<span class="token comment">// a builder pattern enabling chaining of settings function calls</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator
<span class="token comment">// Set the ledger path and name</span>
<span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --ledger <DIR>`</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ledger_path</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// Load our program. Ignored if reusing ledger</span>
<span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --bpf-program <ADDRESS_OR_PATH BPF_PROGRAM.SO>`</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add_program</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_NAME</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// Identify features to deactivate. Ignored if reusing ledger</span>
<span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature <FEATURE_PUBKEY>`</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate_features</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// Start the test validator</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Convenience function to remove existing ledger before TestValidatorGenesis setup</span>
<span class="token comment">/// maps to `solana-test-validator ... --reset`</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">>></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token class-name">PathBuf</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">exists</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">remove_dir_all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Submits a transaction with programs instruction</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Boiler plate</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
instructions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">>></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>instructions<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> recent_blockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_latest_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
transaction
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"error: failed to sign transaction: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"error: send transaction: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// UNIT TEST FOLLOWS</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Setup the test validator passing features</span>
<span class="token comment">/// you want to deactivate before running transactions</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">>></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Extend environment variable to include our program location</span>
<span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>env<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">set_var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"BPF_OUT_DIR"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Instantiate the test validator</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> test_validator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">TestValidatorGenesis</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Once instantiated, TestValidatorGenesis configuration functions follow</span>
<span class="token comment">// a builder pattern enabling chaining of settings function calls</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator
<span class="token comment">// Set the ledger path and name</span>
<span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --ledger <DIR>`</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ledger_path</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// Load our program. Ignored if reusing ledger</span>
<span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --bpf-program <ADDRESS_OR_PATH BPF_PROGRAM.SO>`</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add_program</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_NAME</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// Identify features to deactivate. Ignored if reusing ledger</span>
<span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature <FEATURE_PUBKEY>`</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate_features</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// Start the test validator</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Convenience function to remove existing ledger before TestValidatorGenesis setup</span>
<span class="token comment">/// maps to `solana-test-validator ... --reset`</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">>></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token class-name">PathBuf</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">exists</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">remove_dir_all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Submits a transaction with programs instruction</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Boiler plate</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
instructions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">>></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>instructions<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> recent_blockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_latest_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
transaction
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"error: failed to sign transaction: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"error: send transaction: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>เราสามารถ now เพิ่ม test functions ใน <code>mod test {...}</code> เพื่อทดสอบค่าตั้งต้นของ validator setup (เปิดใช้ทุก features) และค่อยปิก <code>transaction wide compute cap</code> เหมือนตัวอย่างที่แล้วที่ใช้ <code>solana-test-validator</code> จาก command line.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">All Features Test</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Disable Tx CU Test</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">test_base_pass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Run with all features activated (default for TestValidatorGenesis)</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> inv_feat <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Start validator with clean (new) ledger</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> main_payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>inv_feat<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Get the RpcClient</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_rpc_client</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Capture our programs log statements</span>
<span class="token namespace">solana_logger<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">setup_with_default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"solana_runtime::message=debug"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// This example doesn't require sending any accounts to program</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Build instruction array and submit transaction</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>main_payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Add two (2) instructions to transaction to demonstrate</span>
<span class="token comment">// that each instruction CU draws down from default Transaction CU (200_000)</span>
<span class="token comment">// Replace with instructions that make sense for your program</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">test_deactivate_tx_cu_pass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Run with all features activated except 'transaction wide compute cap'</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> inv_feat <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">TXWIDE_LIMITS</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Start validator with clean (new) ledger</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> main_payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>inv_feat<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Get the RpcClient</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_rpc_client</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Capture our programs log statements</span>
<span class="token namespace">solana_logger<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">setup_with_default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"solana_runtime::message=debug"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// This example doesn't require sending any accounts to program</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Build instruction array and submit transaction</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>main_payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token comment">// This instruction adds CU to transaction budget (1.9.2) but does nothing</span>
<span class="token comment">// when we deactivate the 'transaction wide compute cap' feature</span>
<span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">request_units</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">400_000u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Add two (2) instructions to transaction</span>
<span class="token comment">// Replace with instructions that make sense for your program</span>
<span class="token comment">// You will see that each instruction has the 1.8.x 200_000 CU per budget</span>
<span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>นอกจากนี้ <a href="#resources">scfs engine gadget</a> ก็สามารถกำหนดให้ปิดทุก features ของ cluster โดยทำตามตัวอย่างด้านล่างนี้ โดยใช้ engine เพื่อหา features ที่ถูกปิดทั้งหมดของ devnet.</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Devnet Parity</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">test_devnet_parity_pass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Use gadget-scfs to get all deactivated features from devnet</span>
<span class="token comment">// must have `gadgets-scfs = "0.2.0" in Cargo.toml to use</span>
<span class="token comment">// Here we setup for a run that samples features only</span>
<span class="token comment">// from devnet</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> my_matrix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ScfsMatrix</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ScfsCriteria</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusters<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">SCFS_DEVNET</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">Default</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Run the sampler matrix</span>
<span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>my_matrix<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Get all deactivated features</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> deactivated <span class="token operator">=</span> my_matrix
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_features</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">ScfsMatrix</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>any_inactive<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Confirm we have them</span>
<span class="token macro property">assert_ne!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>deactivated<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup test validator and logging while deactivating all</span>
<span class="token comment">// features that are deactivated in devnet</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> main_payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>deactivated<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_rpc_client</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token namespace">solana_logger<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">setup_with_default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"solana_runtime::message=debug"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>main_payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token comment">// Add two (2) instructions to transaction</span>
<span class="token comment">// Replace with instructions that make sense for your program</span>
<span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>ทดสอบกันให้สนุกนะ!</p><h2 id="resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resources</h2><p><a href="https://github.com/FrankC01/solana-gadgets/tree/main/rust/scfsd" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">scfsd<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://github.com/FrankC01/solana-gadgets/tree/main/rust/gadgets-scfs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">gadget-scfs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: katopz@gmail.com">Todsaporn Banjerdkit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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<meta name="title" content="คู่มือ Solana | Program Accounts Data Migration"><meta name="og:title" content="คู่มือ Solana | Program Accounts Data Migration"><meta name="description" content="โดยพื้นฐานแล้วการทำ version ให้ data เพื่อที่จะสนับสนุนการ migration จะหมายถึงการสร้าง reference ที่ไม่ซ้ำ (unique) สำหรับชุดของ data โดยที่ reference นี้จะสามารถใช้ตามรูปแบบของการ query,แบบ ID, หรือใช้ datetime identifier. เรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับการ Serialization แลเทคนิคอื่นๆ ได้ที่คู่มือ Solana."><meta name="og:description" content="โดยพื้นฐานแล้วการทำ version ให้ data เพื่อที่จะสนับสนุนการ migration จะหมายถึงการสร้าง reference ที่ไม่ซ้ำ (unique) สำหรับชุดของ data โดยที่ reference นี้จะสามารถใช้ตามรูปแบบของการ query,แบบ ID, หรือใช้ datetime identifier. เรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับการ Serialization แลเทคนิคอื่นๆ ได้ที่คู่มือ Solana."><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Migrating Program Data Accounts | คู่มือ Solana</title>
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<!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">เริ่มต้น <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking กับ Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking กับ Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การติดตั้ง"><!--[--><!--]--> การติดตั้ง <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">แนวความคิดหลัก <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">แนวทาง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/data-migration.html#เราสามารถ-migrate-program-s-data-accounts-ได้ยังไง" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="เราสามารถ migrate program's data accounts ได้ยังไง?"><!--[--><!--]--> เราสามารถ migrate program's data accounts ได้ยังไง? <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/data-migration.html#สถานการณ์-scenario" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="สถานการณ์ (Scenario)"><!--[--><!--]--> สถานการณ์ (Scenario) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/data-migration.html#upgrading-the-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Upgrading the Account"><!--[--><!--]--> Upgrading the Account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/data-migration.html#_1-add-account-conversion-logic" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="1. Add account conversion logic"><!--[--><!--]--> 1. Add account conversion logic <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/data-migration.html#resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">อ้างอิง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="migrating-a-programs-data-accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#migrating-a-programs-data-accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts</h1><h2 id="เราสามารถ-migrate-program-s-data-accounts-ได้ยังไง" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#เราสามารถ-migrate-program-s-data-accounts-ได้ยังไง" aria-hidden="true">#</a> เราสามารถ migrate program's data accounts ได้ยังไง?</h2><p>เวลาที่เราสร้าง program ขึ้นมา แต่ละ data account ที่เกี่ยวข้อง (associated) กับ program จะมี data structure ที่ตายตัว. แล้วถ้าเราต้องการที่จะ upgrade program derived account สุดท้ายเราจะมี program derived accounts ที่เป็น structure เก่าเหลือทิ้งไว้อยู่จำนวนหนึ่ง</p><p>แต่ถ้าเราใช้วิธี account versioning, เราจะสามารถ upgrade accounts เก่าไปเป็น structure ใหม่ได้</p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Note</p><p>นี่เป็นเพียงหนึ่งในหลายวิธีในการทำ migration สำหรับ Program Owned Accounts (POA).</p></div><h2 id="สถานการณ์-scenario" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#สถานการณ์-scenario" aria-hidden="true">#</a> สถานการณ์ (Scenario)</h2><p>การจะทำ version และ migrate account data เราจะต้องเตรียม <strong>id</strong> สำหรับแต่ละ account. ซึ่ง id เหล่านี้จะช่วยให้เราสามารถบ่งบอก account version ได้เวลาที่เราส่งมันเข้าไปใน program, และทำให้เราสามารถจัดการ account ได้อย่างถูกต้อง</p><p>ลองดู account state และ program ด้านล่างนี้:</p><img src="/assets/pav1.1b0417ca.png" alt="Program Account v1"><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Account</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Instruction</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Processor</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief account_state manages account data</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>array_ref<span class="token punctuation">,</span> array_refs<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">io<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mem<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Currently using state. If version changes occur, this</span>
<span class="token comment">/// should be copied to another serializable backlevel one</span>
<span class="token comment">/// before adding new fields here</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Maintains account data</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Signal initialized</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Get the initialized flag</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Gets the current data version</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">version</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>data_version
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Get the reference to content structure</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Get the mutable reference to content structure</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Declaration of the current data version.</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Account allocated size</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Initialized flag is 1st byte of data block</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Data version (current) is 2nd byte of data block</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Previous content data size (before changing this is equal to current)</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Total space occupied by previous account data</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Current content data size</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Total usage for data only</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// How much of 1024 is used</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Current space used by header (initialized, data version and Content)</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Future data migration logic that converts prior state of data</span>
<span class="token comment">/// to current state of data</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> past <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _account_space<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
past<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Logic to uplift from previous version</span>
<span class="token comment">// GOES HERE</span>
<span class="token comment">// Give back</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> initialized<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Store 'state' of account to its data area</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Retrieve 'state' of account from account data area</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check initialized</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Version check</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Processing consistent data"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Processing backlevel data"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Processing pre-initialized data"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span 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class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! instruction Contains the main ProgramInstruction enum</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token comment">/// All custom program instructions</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">FailInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span>
<span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> payload <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_ <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span>
<span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> payload <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_ <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! Resolve instruction and execute</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">account_state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Checks each tracking account to confirm it is owned by our program</span>
<span class="token comment">/// This function assumes that the program account is always the last</span>
<span class="token comment">/// in the array</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Accounts must be owned by the program.</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> account <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">take</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"Fail: The tracking account owner is {} and it should be {}."</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Initialize the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Initialize account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Just using unpack will check to see if initialized and will</span>
<span class="token comment">// fail if not</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Where this is a logic error in trying to initialize the same account more than once</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Account Initialized"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Serialize</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Sets the u64 in the content structure</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Set new value {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Serialize</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Main processing entry point dispatches to specific</span>
<span class="token comment">/// instruction handlers</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Received process request"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check the account for program relationship</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Unpack the inbound data, mapping instruction to appropriate structure</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_ <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Received unknown instruction"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Accounts must be owned by the program.</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> account <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">take</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"Fail: The tracking account owner is {} and it should be {}."</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Initialize the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Initialize account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Just using unpack will check to see if initialized and will</span>
<span class="token comment">// fail if not</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Where this is a logic error in trying to initialize the same account more than once</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Account Initialized"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Serialize</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Sets the u64 in the content structure</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Set new value {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Serialize</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Main processing entry point dispatches to specific</span>
<span class="token comment">/// instruction handlers</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Received process request"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check the account for program relationship</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Unpack the inbound data, mapping instruction to appropriate structure</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_ <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Received unknown instruction"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>ใน account version แรกของเรา เราได้ทำสิ่งต่อไปนี้:</p><table><thead><tr><th>ID</th><th>Action</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>ใส่ 'data version' field เพิ่มเข้าไปใน data มันสามารถใช้ incrementing ordinal ง่ายๆ (เช่น u8) หรืออะไรที่ซับซ้อนกว่านั้นก็ได้</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>จัดสรรพื้นที่ให้เพียงพอต่อขนาดของ data ที่จะเพิ่มขึ้น</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Initializing ค่าคงที่เป็นตัวเลขที่จะใช้เป็น program versions</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>เพิ่ม update account function ภายใต้ <code>fn conversion_logic</code> เพื่อ upgrades ในอนาคต</td></tr></tbody></table><p>สมมติว่าเราต้องการ upgrade program's accounts ของเราตอนนี้ เพื่อที่ใส่ field ที่ต้องการเข้าไปชื่อว่า <code>somestring</code> ถ้าเราไม่ได้จัดสรรพื้นที่เผื่อไว้ใน account ก่อนหน้า, เราจะไม่สามารถ upgrade account ได้และติดอยู่แบบนั้น</p><h2 id="upgrading-the-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#upgrading-the-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Upgrading the Account</h2><p>ใน program ใหม่ของเรา เราจะเพิ่ม property สำหรับ content state เข้าไป สิ่งที่ต้องทำเพิ่มคือ วิธีการสร้างตอน initial program เพราะเรากำลังจะใช้งานมันแล้วในตอนนี้</p><h3 id="_1-add-account-conversion-logic" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-add-account-conversion-logic" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 1. Add account conversion logic</h3><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Account</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief account_state manages account data</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>array_ref<span class="token punctuation">,</span> array_refs<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">io<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mem<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Current state (DATA_VERSION 1). If version changes occur, this</span>
<span class="token comment">/// should be copied to another (see AccountContentOld below)</span>
<span class="token comment">/// We've added a new field: 'somestring'</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> somestring<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Old content state (DATA_VERSION 0).</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentOld</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Maintains account data</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Signal initialized</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Get the initialized flag</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Gets the current data version</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">version</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>data_version
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Get the reference to content structure</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Get the mutable reference to content structure</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>account_data
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Declaration of the current data version.</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Adding string to content</span>
<span class="token comment">// Previous const DATA_VERSION: u8 = 0;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Account allocated size</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Initialized flag is 1st byte of data block</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Data version (current) is 2nd byte of data block</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Previous content data size (before changing this is equal to current)</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentOld</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Total space occupied by previous account data</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Current content data size</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">mem<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">size_of</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Total usage for data only</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// How much of 1024 is used</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_ALLOCATION_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Current space used by header (initialized, data version and Content)</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_USED_SIZE</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">CURRENT_UNUSED_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Future data migration logic that converts prior state of data</span>
<span class="token comment">/// to current state of data</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> past <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_ACCOUNT_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account_space<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
past<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">IS_INITIALIZED</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">PREVIOUS_VERSION_DATA_SIZE</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Logic to upgrade from previous version</span>
<span class="token comment">// GOES HERE</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> old <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">AccountContentOld</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_space<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Default sets 'somevalue' to 0 and somestring to default ""</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> new_content <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// We copy the existing 'somevalue', the program instructions will read/update 'somestring' without fail</span>
new_content<span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> old<span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Give back</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> initialized<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> new_content<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Store 'state' of account to its data area</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BufWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> bw<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Retrieve 'state' of account from account data area</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check initialized</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Version check</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Processing consistent version data"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Processing backlevel data"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">conversion_logic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Processing pre-initialized data"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token constant">DATA_VERSION</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Current state (DATA_VERSION 1). If version changes occur, this</span>
<span class="token comment">/// should be copied to another (see AccountContentOld below)</span>
<span class="token comment">/// We've added a new field: 'somestring'</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> somestring<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Old content state (DATA_VERSION 0).</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentOld</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Maintains account data</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><table><thead><tr><th>Line(s)</th><th>Note</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>6</td><td>เราได้เพิ่ม Solana <code>solana_program::borsh::try_from_slice_unchecked</code> เพื่อทำให้ง่ายต่อการอ่าน subsets ของ data จาก data block ขนาดใหญ่</td></tr><tr><td>13-26</td><td>จุดนี้เรายังคงใช้ structure เดิมคือ <code>AccountContentOld</code> บรรทัดที่ 24, ก่อนจะเพิ่ม <code>AccountContentCurrent</code> ไปในบรรทัดที่ 17.</td></tr><tr><td>60</td><td>เรา bump ค่าคงที่ <code>DATA_VERSION</code></td></tr><tr><td>71</td><td>ตอนนี้เรามี version 'ก่อนหน้า' และ เราอยากรู้ขนาดของมัน</td></tr><tr><td>86</td><td>ในขั้นตอนนี้เราจะเพิ่ม <code>conversion_logic</code> เพื่อ upgrade content state ก่อนหน้าไป content state ใหม่ (ปัจจุบัน)</td></tr></tbody></table><p>จากนั้นเราก็จะไป update instructions ของเรา เพื่อที่จะเพิ่ม <code>somestring</code>, และ processor สำหรับจัดการ instruction ใหม่. Note ไว้ว่าการ 'upgrading' data structure จะถูกซ่อนอยู่ภายใต้การ <code>pack/unpack</code></p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Instruction</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Processor</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! instruction Contains the main VersionProgramInstruction enum</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token comment">/// All custom program instructions</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">SetString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Added with data version change</span>
<span class="token class-name">FailInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span>
<span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// let payload = VersionProgramInstruction::try_from_slice(input).unwrap();</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> payload <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Added with data version change</span>
_ <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! Resolve instruction and execute</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">account_state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Checks each tracking account to confirm it is owned by our program</span>
<span class="token comment">/// This function assumes that the program account is always the last</span>
<span class="token comment">/// in the array</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Accounts must be owned by the program.</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> account <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">take</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"Fail: The tracking account owner is {} and it should be {}."</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Initialize the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Initialize account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Just using unpack will check to see if initialized and will</span>
<span class="token comment">// fail if not</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Where this is a logic error in trying to initialize the same account more than once</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Account Initialized"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Serialize</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Sets the u64 in the content structure</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Set new value {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somevalue <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Serialize</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Sets the string in the content structure</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_string_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Set new string {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">content_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>somestring <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Serialize</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Main processing entry point dispatches to specific</span>
<span class="token comment">/// instruction handlers</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Received process request 0.2.0"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check the account for program relationship</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">check_account_ownership</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Unpack the inbound data, mapping instruction to appropriate structure</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Attempting to unpack"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token function">set_u64_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token function">set_string_value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_ <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Received unknown instruction"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span 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class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>หลัวจาก build และ submit instruction แล้ว: <code>VersionProgramInstruction::SetString(String)</code> ตอนนี้เราจะมี 'upgraded' account data layout ตามภาพ</p><img src="/assets/pav2.1ef612b4.png" alt="Program Account v2"><h2 id="resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://borsh.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Borsh Specification<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/master/sdk/program/src/borsh.rs#L67" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana <code>try_from_slice_unchecked</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/FrankC01/versioning-solana" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Reference Implementation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: katopz@gmail.com">Todsaporn Banjerdkit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav 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Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">เริ่มต้น <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking กับ Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking กับ Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การติดตั้ง"><!--[--><!--]--> การติดตั้ง <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">แนวความคิดหลัก <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">แนวทาง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html#facts-เรื่องน่ารู้" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts (เรื่องน่ารู้)"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts (เรื่องน่ารู้) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html#legacy-transaction" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Legacy Transaction"><!--[--><!--]--> Legacy Transaction <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html#legacy-message" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Legacy Message"><!--[--><!--]--> Legacy Message <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html#header" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Header"><!--[--><!--]--> Header <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html#compact-array-ของ-account-addresses" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Compact-array ของ account addresses"><!--[--><!--]--> Compact-array ของ account addresses <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html#compact-array-ของ-instructions" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Compact array ของ instructions"><!--[--><!--]--> Compact array ของ instructions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html#ข้อจํากัดของ-legacy-transactions" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="ข้อจำกัดของ Legacy Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> ข้อจำกัดของ Legacy Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html#address-lookup-tables-lut" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Address Lookup Tables (LUT)"><!--[--><!--]--> Address Lookup Tables (LUT) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html#versioned-transactions-transactionv0" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions: TransactionV0"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions: TransactionV0 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html#messagev0" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="MessageV0"><!--[--><!--]--> MessageV0 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html#compact-array-ของ-address-table-lookups" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Compact array ของ address table lookups"><!--[--><!--]--> Compact array ของ address table lookups <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html#compact-array-ของ-instructions-1" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Compact array ของ instructions"><!--[--><!--]--> Compact array ของ instructions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html#rpc-changes" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="RPC Changes"><!--[--><!--]--> RPC Changes <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html#แหล่งข้อมูลอื่นๆ" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="แหล่งข้อมูลอื่นๆ"><!--[--><!--]--> แหล่งข้อมูลอื่นๆ <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html#อ้างอิง" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="อ้างอิง"><!--[--><!--]--> อ้างอิง <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">อ้างอิง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="versioned-transactions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#versioned-transactions" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Versioned Transactions</h1><p>Solana เพิ่งจะปล่อย Versioned Transactions ออกมาโดยมีสิ่งที่เปลี่ยนไปก็คือ:</p><ol><li><p>มี program ที่เอาไว้จัดการ on-chain address lookup tables</p></li><li><p>มี transaction รูปแบบใหม่สำหรับใช้งาน on-chain address lookup tables ได้</p></li></ol><h2 id="facts-เรื่องน่ารู้" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts-เรื่องน่ารู้" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts (เรื่องน่ารู้)</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Transaction แบบเก่าจะมีข้อจำกัดอยู่: ขนาดจำกัดอยู่ที่ 1232 bytes, ดังนั้นจำนวน accounts ที่สามารถจัดเก็บได้ใน atomic transaction คือ: 35 addresses.</li><li>Address Lookup Tables (LUTs): เมื่อ accounts ถูกจัดเก็บในตารางนี้ ที่อยู่ของตารางสามารถอ้างอิงใน transaction message โดยใช้ดัชนี(index) u8 ขนาด 1 ไบต์</li><li><code>createLookupTable()</code> ใน <code>solana/web3.js</code> สามารถใช้สร้างตารางค้นหาใหม่ได้ และหาที่อยู่ของตารางได้</li><li>เมื่อ LUT ถูกสร้างแล้ว สามารถขยายได้ กล่าวคือสามารถเพิ่มบัญชีในตารางได้</li><li>Versioned Transactions: โครงสร้างของธุรกรรมเก่าต้องถูกปรับเปลี่ยนเพื่อรวม LUTs เข้าไป</li><li>ก่อนที่จะมีการเปลี่ยนมาใช้ version ใหม่นี้ ใน Transactions จะมี bit บนสุดของ byte แรกใน header ที่สามารถเอามาใช้เพื่อในการระบุ version ของ Transactions ได้</li></ul></div><p>เราจะพูดถึงการเปลี่ยนแปลง และ developers ต้องเข้าใจอะไรบ้างอย่างละเอียดมากขึ้น อย่างไรก็ตาม เราต้องเข้าใจโครงสร้าง (anatomy)ของ transaction ปกติ (หรือเก่า) ก่อนเพื่อเข้าใจการเปลี่ยนแปลงได้อย่างชัดเจน</p><h2 id="legacy-transaction" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#legacy-transaction" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Legacy Transaction</h2><p>The Solana network ใช้ขนาด maximum transactional unit (MTU) อยู่ที่ 1280 bytes, ตามข้อจำกัดขนาดของ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6_packet" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IPv6 MTU<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> เพื่อให้มีความเร็ว และเชื่อถือได้ ซึ่งทำให้เหลือ <strong>1232 bytes</strong> สำหรับ packet data เช่น serialised transactions.</p><p>Transaction ประกอบด้วย:</p><ol><li>Array ของ signatures, ตัวละ 64 byte ในแบบ <a href="https://ed25519.cr.yp.to/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ed25519<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</li><li>Message (แบบเก่า)</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/tx_format.1023848a.png" alt="Transaction Format"></p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Compact-Array format</p><p>Compact array คือ array ที่ถูก serialised ตามนี้:</p><ol><li>ความยาว Array ในรูปแบบ multi-byte encoding ที่เรียกว่า <a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/transactions#compact-u16-format" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Compact-u16<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>ตามด้วยแต่ละรายการของ array item</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/compact_array_format.6984243f.png" alt="Compact array format"></p></div><h2 id="legacy-message" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#legacy-message" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Legacy Message</h2><p>Legacy Message แบบเก่าจะประกอบด้วยส่วนต่อไปนี้:</p><ol><li>ส่วนหัวเรื่อง (header)</li><li>compact-array ของ account addresses, ที่แต่ละ account address จะมีขนาด 32 bytes</li><li>blockhash ล่าสุด (recent blockhash)</li></ol><ul><li>คือ 32-byte SHA-256 hash เพื่อบอกเวลาล่าสุดที่ล็อคบัญชีถูกตรวจพบ ถ้า blockhash เก่าเกินไป validator จะปฏิเสธ.</li></ul><ol start="4"><li>compact-array ของ Instructions</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/legacy_message.09ab30b7.png" alt="Legacy Message"></p><h3 id="header" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#header" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Header</h3><p>หัวของข้อความ (message header) จะมีขนาด 3 bytes และมี u8 integers 3 ตัว:</p><ol><li>จำนวนลายเซ็นที่จำเป็น (required signatures): Solana runtime จะตรวจสอบจำนวนนี้กับความยาวของ compact array ของ signatures ใน transaction.</li><li>จำนวนของที่อยู่บัญชีสำหรับการอ่านอย่างเดียว (read-only account addresses) ที่ต้องการ signatures</li><li>จำนวนของที่อยู่บัญชีสำหรับการอ่านอย่างเดียว (read-only account addresses) ที่ไม่ต้องการ signatures</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/message_header.8eb7d589.png" alt="Message Header"></p><h3 id="compact-array-ของ-account-addresses" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#compact-array-ของ-account-addresses" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Compact-array ของ account addresses</h3><p>Compact array นี้จะเริ่มต้นด้วยการเข้ารหัสตัวเลขจำนวนของ account addresses โดยใช้ Compact-u16 ตามด้วย:</p><ol><li><strong>Account addresses ที่ต้องการ signatures</strong>: แสดงรายการของที่อยู่บัญชีที่ต้องการสิทธิ์การอ่าน และเขียนก่อน แล้วตามด้วยอ่านอย่างเดียว</li><li><strong>Account addresses ที่ไม่ต้องการ signatures</strong>: เหมือนข้างบนคือ แสดงรายการของที่อยู่บัญชีที่ต้องการสิทธิ์การอ่าน และเขียนก่อน แล้วตามด้วยอ่านอย่างเดียว</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/compat_array_of_account_addresses.7792e5c7.png" alt="Compact array ของ account addresses"></p><h3 id="compact-array-ของ-instructions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#compact-array-ของ-instructions" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Compact array ของ instructions</h3><p>เหมือนกับ compact array ของ account addresses, compact array จะเริ่มต้นด้วยการ encode จำนวนของ instructions โดยใช้ <code>Compact-u16</code> แล้วตามด้วย array ของ instructions แต่ละตัวที่มีส่วนประกอบดังนี้:</p><ol><li><strong>Program ID</strong>: ระบุโปรแกรม on-chain ที่จะดำเนินการ instruction นี้ ซึ่งจะแทนด้วย index ของ u8 ใน compact array ของ account addresses ภายใน message.</li><li><strong>Compact array ของ account address indexes</strong>: u8 indexes ของ account addresses ใน compact array ของ account addresses ที่ต้องการ signatures.</li><li><strong>Compact array ของ opaque u8 data</strong>: array ของ byte สำหรับใช้งานทั่วไปสำหรับ program ID ที่เคยพูดถึงก่อนหน้านี้. array ของ data นี้จะระบุสิ่งที่โปรแกรมควรดำเนินการ และข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมอื่นๆ ที่อาจไม่มีบอกไว้ใน account.</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/compact_array_of_ixs.6281d70b.png" alt="Compact array ของ Instructions"></p><h2 id="ข้อจํากัดของ-legacy-transactions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ข้อจํากัดของ-legacy-transactions" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ข้อจำกัดของ Legacy Transactions</h2><p>ปัญหาใน Legacy Transactions คืออะไร?</p><p><strong>ขนาดของ transaction ซึ่งหมายถึงจำนวนบัญชีที่จะใช้ได้ใน atomic transaction ได้.</strong></p><p>เหมือนที่อธิบายไว้ก่อนหน้านี้ ขนาดของ Transaction ที่อนุญาตสูงสุดคือ <strong>1232 bytes</strong>. ขนาดของ account address คือ 32 bytes. ดังนั้น transaction จะสามารถเก็บ accounts ได้มากที่สุด <strong>35 accounts</strong> โดยต้องมีพื้นที่สำหรับ headers signatures และข้อมูล metadata ด้วย.</p><p><img src="/assets/issues_with_legacy_txs.5766db66.png" alt="ข้อจำกัดของ legacy transactions"></p><p>นี่เป็นปัญหาเพราะมีกรณีหลายกรณีที่ developers ต้องการใส่ 100 signature-free accounts ใน transaction เดียว. ซึ่ง legacy transaction เดิมนั้นจะไม่สามารถรองรับได้. วิธีการแก้ไขปัจจุบันที่กำลังถูกนำมาใช้คือการเก็บสถานะ (state) ชั่วคราว on-chain และนำไปใช้ใน transactions ทีหลัง. ซึ่ง workaround นี้จะใช้ไม่ได้เวลาใช้ multiple programs ที่ต้อง compose ใน transaction เดียว. ซึ่งแต่ละ program ก็จะต้องการ accounts หลายตัวเป็น input ทำให้เราเจอกับข้อจำกัดเดิมที่เคยเจอก่อนหน้าอยู่ดี.</p><p>เพื่อแก้ไขปัญหานี้จึงมีการนำเสนอ Address Lookup Tables (LUT) ขึ้นมา</p><h2 id="address-lookup-tables-lut" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#address-lookup-tables-lut" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Address Lookup Tables (LUT)</h2><p>แนวคิดของ Address Lookup Tables คือการเก็บ account addresses ในรูปแบบ table-like (array) data structure บน on-chain. หลังจากที่ accounts ถูกเก็บในตารางนี้แล้ว เราจะสามารถอ้างอิงถึงที่อยู่ของตารางนั้นใน transaction message ได้ โดยใช้ 1-byte u8 เป็น index ชี้ไปที่แต่ละ account.</p><p><img src="/assets/luts.96a8a310.png" alt="LUTs"></p><p>เพราะแบบนั้นเราเลยไม่ต้องเก็บ addresses ใน transaction message อีกต่อไป เราแค่ต้องการเก็บ u8 ไว้อ้างอิง index ทำให้เราจะเก็บได้มากถึง 2^8=<strong>256</strong> accounts</p><p>LUTs ต้องทำ rent-exempt เวลาเริ่มใช้ (initialised) หรือทุกครั้งที่ address ใหม่ถูกเพิ่มเข้าไปในตาราง. Addresses สามารถเพิ่มได้โดยใช้ on-chain buffer หรือเพิ่มโดยตรงในตารางผ่านคำสั่ง <code>Extension</code> ใน instruction. นอกจากนี้ LUTs ยังสามารถเก็บ metadata ที่เกี่ยวข้องตามด้วย compact-array ของ accounts ได้ ด้านล่างนี้คือโครงสร้างของ Address Lookup Table ทั่วไป</p><p><img src="/assets/lut_format.060d6be2.png" alt="LUT Format"></p><p>เรื่องที่ต้องระวังของ LUTs คือเนื่องจาก address lookups จะมี overhead ระหว่างประมวลผล transaction, ซึ่งจะทำให้ค่า fee สูงขึ้นตามไปด้วย</p><h2 id="versioned-transactions-transactionv0" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#versioned-transactions-transactionv0" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Versioned Transactions: TransactionV0</h2><p>โครงสร้างของ legacy transaction ต้องมีการปรับเปลี่ยนเพื่อให้ใช้ address table lookups ได้. การเปลี่ยนแปลงเหล่านี้ไม่ควรไปทำให้การประมวลผล transaction บน Solana พัง, และก็ไม่ควรไปเปลี่ยนรูปแบบการเรียก program แบบเดิมด้วย</p><p>เพื่อให้มั่นใจว่าจะไม่มีอะไรพัง เราจึงจำเป็นต้องระบุชนิดของ transaction ไว้อย่างชัดเจนว่ามันเป็น <code>legacy</code> หรือ <code>versioned</code>. แล้วเราจะใส่ version ไปตรงไหนของ transaction ดีล่ะ?</p><p>ก่อนหน้านี้ transactions จะเหลือ upper bit ที่ไม่ได้ใช้อยู่ที่ byte แรกของ message headers: <code>num_required_signatures</code>. เราสามารถใช้ bit นี้ในการประกาศ version ของ transactions ของเราได้.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">VersionedMessage</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Legacy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">V0</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token namespace">v0<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>ถ้า bit แรกใน byte แรกถูกตั้งค่า จะทำให้ bit ต่อไปจะหมายถึงหมายเลข version ซึ่ง Solana เริ่มต้นด้วย “Version 0” ซึ่งต้องกำหนดไว้ ถ้าจะเริ่มใช้ LUTs</p><p>If the first bit is not set, the transaction will be considered a “Legacy Transaction” and the remainder of the first byte will be treated as the first byte of an encoded legacy message.</p><p>หาก bit แรกไม่ถูกตั้งค่า transaction นั้นจะถือว่าเป็น "Legacy Transaction" และส่วนที่เหลือของ byte แรกจะถูกจัดการเหมือนเป็น byte แรกของ message ตามเดิม</p><h2 id="messagev0" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#messagev0" aria-hidden="true">#</a> MessageV0</h2><p>โครงสร้างของ MessageV0 ค่อนข้างเหมือนเดิม เพิ่มเติมคือ...</p><ol><li><strong>Message Header</strong>: เหมือนเดิม</li><li><strong>Compact array of account keys</strong>: เหมือนเดิม แต่เราจะใช้แต่ละ byte ไปทำ index แทนเรียกว่า <em>index array A</em> (จะมีอธิบายอีกที)</li><li><strong>Recent blockhash</strong>: เหมือนเดิม</li><li><strong>Compact array of instructions</strong>: เปลี่ยน</li><li><strong>Compact array of address table lookups</strong>: เพิ่มมาใน v0</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/messagev0.c089b240.png" alt="Message v0"></p><p>เราจะมาดูเรื่องโครงสร้างของ compact array ของ address table lookups ก่อนที่จะไปดูว่ามีอะไรเปลี่ยนไปใน instruction array บ้าง</p><h3 id="compact-array-ของ-address-table-lookups" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#compact-array-ของ-address-table-lookups" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Compact array ของ address table lookups</h3><p>โครงสร้างนี้นำเสนอ Address Lookup Tables (LUT) ในการทำ Versioned Transactions ซึ่งทำให้เป็นไปได้ที่จะโหลด accounts ที่สามารถอ่าน และเขียนได้มากขึ้นในธุรกรรมเดียว</p><p>ส่วน compact array จะเริ่มด้วย compact-u16 encoding ของจำนวนของ address table lookups, ตามด้วย array ของ address table lookups. แต่ละ lookup จะมีโครงสร้างตามนี้:</p><ol><li><strong>Account key</strong>: account key ของ address lookup table</li><li><strong>Writable indexes</strong>: compact array ของ indexes เอาไว้โหลด account addresses ที่เขียนได้อย่างเดียว. เราจะเรียกมันว่า <em>index array B</em>.</li><li><strong>Readonly indexes</strong>: compact array ของ indexes เอาไว้โหลด account addresses ที่อ่านได้อย่างเดียว. เราจะเรียกมันว่า <em>index array C</em>.</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/compact_array_of_luts.9175e491.png" alt="Compact array of LUTs"></p><p>ทีนี้เราลองมาดูกันว่ามีอะไรเปลี่ยนแปลงใน instructions compact array กันบ้าง</p><h3 id="compact-array-ของ-instructions-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#compact-array-ของ-instructions-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Compact array ของ instructions</h3><p>เหมือนกับที่ได้พูดไว้ก่อนหน้านี้ คือ compact array ของ legacy instruction ที่จัดเก็บ legacy instruction แต่ละคำสั่งซึ่งในลักษณะเบื้องต้นจะเก็บข้อมูลต่อไปนี้:</p><ol><li>index ของ Program ID</li><li>Compact array ของ account address indexes</li><li>Compact array ของข้อมูล opaque 8-bit</li></ol><p>การเปลี่ยนแปลงใน instruction ใหม่ไม่ได้อยู่ในโครงสร้างของ instruction แต่จะอยู่ใน array ที่เราใช้เก็บ index ของ 1 กับ 2. ซึ่งใน legacy transactions จะใช้บางส่วนของ index array A แต่ใน versioned transactions เราจะใช้บางส่วนที่ได้จากการรวม array ต่อไปนี้แทน:</p><ol><li><strong>index array A</strong>: Compact array ของ accounts ที่เก็บไว้ใน message</li><li><strong>index array B</strong>: Writable indexes ใน address table lookup</li><li><strong>index array C</strong>: Readonly indexes ใน address table lookup</li></ol><p><img src="/assets/new_compact_array_of_ixs.54090dc5.png" alt="New Compact array of Instructions"></p><h2 id="rpc-changes" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#rpc-changes" aria-hidden="true">#</a> RPC Changes</h2><p>Transaction ที่ตอบกลับมา (responses)จะต้องระบุ version field: <code>maxSupportedTransactionVersion</code> เพื่อบอก clients ว่าจะแกะ(deserialisation) transaction ยังไง.</p><p>methods ต่อไปนี้จำเป็นต้อง update เพื่อหลีกเลี่ยงข้อผิดพลาด:</p><ul><li><code>getTransaction</code></li><li><code>getBlock</code></li></ul><p>และต้องเพิ่ม parameter นี้เข้าไปตอนเรียกขอข้อมูล (requests):</p><p><code>maxSupportedTransactionVersion: 0</code></p><p>ถ้า <code>maxSupportedTransactionVersion</code> ไม่ได้ใส่มาใน request, transaction version จะถือว่าเป็นเป็น <code>legacy</code>. และถ้า block ไหนมี versioned transaction จะทำให้เกิด error ได้.</p><p>เราสามารถใส่ค่านี้เพิ่มเป็น JSON formatted requests ไปหา RPC endpoint ได้ตามตัวอย่างข้างล่าง:</p><div class="language-plaintext ext-plaintext line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-plaintext"><code>curl http://localhost:8899 -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d \
'{"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id":1, "method": "getBlock", "params": [430, {
"encoding":"json",
"maxSupportedTransactionVersion":0,
"transactionDetails":"full",
"rewards":false
}]}'
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>หรือใช้ผ่าน library <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>@solana/web3.js</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ก็ได้เหมือนกัน.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token comment">// connect to the `devnet` cluster and get the current `slot`</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> slot <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSlot</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// get the latest block (allowing for v0 transactions)</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> block <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBlock</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>slot<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">maxSupportedTransactionVersion</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// get a specific transaction (allowing for v0 transactions)</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> getTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"3jpoANiFeVGisWRY5UP648xRXs3iQasCHABPWRWnoEjeA93nc79WrnGgpgazjq4K9m8g2NJoyKoWBV1Kx5VmtwHQ"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">maxSupportedTransactionVersion</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><h2 id="แหล่งข้อมูลอื่นๆ" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#แหล่งข้อมูลอื่นๆ" aria-hidden="true">#</a> แหล่งข้อมูลอื่นๆ</h2><ul><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/developing/versioned-transactions#how-create-a-versioned-transaction" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">How to build a Versioned Transaction<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/developing/lookup-tables#how-to-create-an-address-lookup-table" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">How to build a Versioned Transaction with Address Lookup using LUTs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/proposals/transactions-v2#limitations" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Limitations of Versioned Transactions<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/proposals/transactions-v2#security-concerns" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Security concerns of Versioned Transactions<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/proposals/transactions-v2#other-proposals" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Alternate proposed solutions to Versioned Transactions<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><h2 id="อ้างอิง" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#อ้างอิง" aria-hidden="true">#</a> อ้างอิง</h2><ul><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/proposals/transactions-v2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transactions-V2 Proposal<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://beta.docs.solana.com/developing/versioned-transactions" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Developing with Versioned Transactions<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span 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href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">แนวทาง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#เรื่องน่ารู้" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="เรื่องน่ารู้"><!--[--><!--]--> เรื่องน่ารู้ <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" 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href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">อ้างอิง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="debugging-solana-programs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#debugging-solana-programs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Debugging Solana Programs</h1><p>มีทางเลือก และเครื่องมือสนับสนุนมากมายสำหรับทดสอบ และ debugging Solana BPF program.</p><h2 id="เรื่องน่ารู้" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#เรื่องน่ารู้" aria-hidden="true">#</a> เรื่องน่ารู้</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>crate <code>solana-program-test</code> จะทำให้ <strong><em>local runtime</em></strong> ของเราสามารถ test และ debug program ได้ (ด้วย vscode).</li><li>crate <code>solana-validator</code> จะทำให้ <code>solana-test-validator</code> การ test บน <strong><em>local validator node</em></strong> ทำได้ดีขึ้น เราสามารถ run จาก editor ได้ <strong><em>แต่ breakpoints ใน program จะถูกมองข้ามไป</em></strong>.</li><li>เครื่องมือ CLI <code>solana-test-validator</code> runs, loads program และประมวลผล transaction โดยทำงานผ่าน command line กับ Rust applications หรือ Javascript/Typescript app โดยใช้ web3.</li><li>ทั้งหมดที่ว่ามา เราแนะนำให้ใช้ macro <code>msg!</code> ใน program ในตอนเริ่ม และเอาอออกเมื่อ test และมั่นใจว่าทำงานถูกแล้วแล้ว จำไว้ว่า <code>msg!</code> ใช้ Compute Units ที่ทำให้ program ล้มเหลวได้ถ้าใช้ Compute Unit เกินค่าที่กำหนดไว้.</li></ul></div><p>ขั้นตอนต่อไปเราจะใช้ <a href="#resources">solana-program-bpf-template</a>. Clone ไปที่เครื่องของเรา:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">git</span> clone git@github.com:mvines/solana-bpf-program-template.git
<span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-bpf-program-template
code <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h2 id="runtime-testing-และ-debugging-ใน-editor" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#runtime-testing-และ-debugging-ใน-editor" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Runtime Testing และ Debugging ใน editor</h2><p>เปิด file <code>src/lib.rs</code></p><p>เราจะเห็นว่า program นั้นง่ายและ แค่ logs ตัว content ที่ได้รับมาจาก program entrypoint function: <code>process_instruction</code></p><ol><li>ไปตรงที่ <code>#[cfg(test)]</code> และกด <code>Run Tests</code> มันก็จะ build program และทำการ test <code>async fn test_transaction()</code> เราจะเห็น log messages (แบบย่อ)ใน vscode terminal ตามข้างล่างนี้:</li></ol><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>running <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span>
<span class="token string">"bpf_program_template"</span> program loaded as native code
Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM invoke <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
Program log: process_instruction: 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM: <span class="token number">1</span> accounts, <span class="token assign-left variable">data</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span>, <span class="token number">2</span>, <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM success
<span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> test::test_transaction <span class="token punctuation">..</span>. ok
<span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> result: ok. <span class="token number">1</span> passed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> failed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> ignored<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> measured<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> filtered out<span class="token punctuation">;</span> finished <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">33</span>.41s
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><ol start="2"><li>ตั้ง breakpoint ใน programs ตรง <code>msg!</code> ที่บรรทัด (11)</li><li>กลับไปที่ test module, กด <code>Debug</code> และไม่กี่วินาที debugger จะวิ่งไปหยุดที่ breakpoint และเราก็จะสามารถดู data, หยุดทำ functions ไปทีละขั้น และอื่นๆ..</li></ol><p>tests เหล่านี้ยังสามารถ run จาก command line ด้วย: <code>cargo test</code> หรือ <code>cargo test-bpf</code> แต่ breakpoints จะถูกข้ามไป</p><p>ลองดูว่าเราจะสนุกกับมันได้ถึงไหน!</p><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Note</p><p>จำไว้ว่าเราไม่ได้ใช้ validator node ดังนั้น default programs, blockhashes, และอื่นๆ จะไม่มี และมันจะทำตัวไม่เหมือนตอนที่มันทำงานใน validator node. นี่คือสาเหตุว่าทำไมชาว Solana ถึงทำ Local Validator Node testing มาให้เราด้วย!</p></div><h2 id="ทดสอบด้วย-local-validator-node-ใน-editor" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ทดสอบด้วย-local-validator-node-ใน-editor" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ทดสอบด้วย Local Validator Node ใน editor</h2><p>ทดสอบการ integration โดยใช้ local validator node จะถูกประกาศไว้ใน <code>tests/integration.rs</code> file.</p><p>ตามปกติแล้ว template repo integration tests จะ run ได้เฉพาะบน command line ด้วยคำสั่ง <code>cargo test-bpf</code> ขั้นตอนต่อไปนี้จะทำให้เรา run มันใน editor ได้ด้วย เหมือนที่เราแสดง program validator logs และ <code>msg!</code> outputs จาก program ของเรา:</p><ol><li>ใน repo directory run <code>cargo build-bpf</code> เพื่อ build program ตัวอย่าง</li><li>ใน editor, เปิด <code>tests/integration.rs</code></li><li>Comment บรรทัดที่ 1 ออก -> <code>// #![cfg(feature = "test-bpf")]</code></li><li>ที่บรรทัดที่ 19 เปลี่ยนเป็น: <code>.add_program("target/deploy/bpf_program_template", program_id)</code></li><li>แทรก code นี้ลงไปที่บรรทัดที่ 22 <code>solana_logger::setup_with_default("solana_runtime::message=debug");</code></li><li>กด <code>Run Test</code> เหนือ <code>test_validator_transaction()</code> function</li></ol><p>ขั้นตอนดังกล่าวจะ load validator node ให้แล้วจะทำให้เราสร้าง transaction (ด้วย Rust) และส่งไปที่ node โดยใช้ <code>RcpClient</code></p><p>เราจะเห็น program output แสดงอยู่ใน editor terminal ตัวอย่างเช่น (แบบย่อ):</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>running <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span>
Waiting <span class="token keyword">for</span> fees to stabilize <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
Waiting <span class="token keyword">for</span> fees to stabilize <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM invoke <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
Program log: process_instruction: 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM: <span class="token number">1</span> accounts, <span class="token assign-left variable">data</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span>, <span class="token number">2</span>, <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM consumed <span class="token number">13027</span> of <span class="token number">200000</span> compute <span class="token function">units</span>
Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM success
<span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> test_validator_transaction <span class="token punctuation">..</span>. ok
<span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> result: ok. <span class="token number">1</span> passed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> failed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> ignored<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> measured<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> filtered out<span class="token punctuation">;</span> finished <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">6</span>.40s
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p>การ Debugging แบบนี้จะทำให้เราสามารถ debug functions และ methods ใน <strong><em>test body</em></strong> ได้แต่จะไม่มี breakpoint ใน program.</p><p>มันเจ๋งมากใช่มั้ยล่ะ?</p><h2 id="local-validator-node-testing-from-client-apps" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#local-validator-node-testing-from-client-apps" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Local Validator Node Testing from Client Apps</h2><p>และสุดท้ายเราสามารถเปิด local validating node และ load program ของเรา และ accounts ใดๆ เข้าไปโดยใช้ <code>solana-test-validator</code> จาก command line.</p><p>จะทำวิธีนี้ได้เราจะต้องใช้ client application โดยใช้ Rust <a href="#resources">RcpClient</a> หรือใช้ <a href="#resources">JavaScript or Typescript clients</a></p><p>ลอง <code>solana-test-validator --help</code> สำหรับรายละเอียดเพิ่มเติม และตัวเลือกอื่นๆ สำหรับ program ตัวอย่างด้านล่างนี่คือขั้นตอนติดตั้ง:</p><ol><li>เปิด terminal ใน repo folder</li><li>Run <code>solana config set -ul</code> เพื่อตั้งค่าตัวเลือกให้ชี้ไปที่ local</li><li>Run <code>solana-test-validator --bpf-program target/deploy/bpf_program_template-keypair.json target/deploy/bpf_program_template.so</code></li><li>เปิด terminal และ run <code>solana logs</code> เพื่อเปิด log streamer</li><li>เราสามารถ run client program ของเรา และดู program output ใน terminal ที่เราเปิด log streamer ไว้</li></ol><p>นี่มันดีมากเลยนะ!</p><h2 id="resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resources</h2><p><a href="https://github.com/mvines/solana-bpf-program-template" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">solana-program-bpf-template<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://docs.rs/solana-client/latest/solana_client/rpc_client/struct.RpcClient.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RcpClient<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JavaScript/Typescript Library<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: katopz@gmail.com">Todsaporn Banjerdkit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/id/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">เริ่มต้น <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking กับ Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking กับ Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การติดตั้ง"><!--[--><!--]--> การติดตั้ง <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">แนวความคิดหลัก <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">แนวทาง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/account-maps.html#deriving-pdas" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deriving PDAs"><!--[--><!--]--> Deriving PDAs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/guides/account-maps.html#single-map-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Single Map Account"><!--[--><!--]--> Single Map Account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">อ้างอิง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="account-maps" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#account-maps" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Account Maps</h1><p>Maps คือ data structures ที่เราใช้บ่อยๆ ตอนเขียน program ที่เกี่ยวกับ <strong>key</strong> และ <strong>value</strong> ของอะไรบางอย่าง.ซึ่ง value อาจจะเป็น type อะไรก็ได้ ส่วน key จะเป็นเหมือน identifier สำหรับ value นั้นๆ การมี key ก็จะทำให้เราสามารถแทรก (insert), อ่านค่ามา (retrieve) และ เปลี่ยนแปลง (update) values เหล่านี้ได้สะดวก</p><p>อย่างที่เรารู้ รูปแบบของ Solana's Account ต้องการ program data และ state data ที่เกี่ยวข้องเก็บอยู่ใน accounts แยกกัน ซึ่งการที่ accounts เหล่านี้มี address associated อยู่ทำให้มันมีลักษณะเหมือน map นั่นเอง! เรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับ Solana's Account mode <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/core-concepts/accounts.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ที่นี่<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>ดังนั้นมันก็เหมาะสมแล้วที่เราจะเก็บ <strong>values</strong> ไว้ใน accounts แยก โดยต้องมี address เป็น <strong>key</strong> ในการดึง value ออกมา. แต่มันก็มีปัญหาตามมาอยู่บ้างเหมือนกัน เช่น,</p><ul><li><p>พอใช้ addresses เป็น <strong>keys</strong> แล้วทำให้จำยาก</p></li><li><p>พอใช้ addresses ก็อย่างที่เรารู้ว่า public keys ของ <strong>Keypairs</strong> จะมี public key (หรือ <em>address</em>) และ <strong>private key</strong> เข้ามาเกี่ยวข้องด้วย ซึ่ง private key จะต้องมีเอาไว้ sign instructions ต่างๆ เวลาที่ต้องการ, ทำให้เราต้องเก็บ private key ไว้ด้วย ซึ่ง <strong>ไม่ใช่ทางที่ดี</strong> แน่ๆ!</p></li></ul><p>ปัญหาเหล่าน้ีเป็นปัญหาที่นักพัฒนา Solana จะต้องเจอเวลาที่ต้องใช้ <code>Map</code> ใน programs เราลองมาดูทางแก้กันดีกว่า</p><h2 id="deriving-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deriving-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deriving PDAs</h2><p>PDA ย่อมาจาก <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/references/accounts.html#program-derived-address" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Program Derived Address<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, และสั้นๆ คือ addresses <strong>จะได้รับสืบทอด (derived)</strong> จาก seeds และ a program id (หรือ <em>address</em>).</p><p>ที่พิเศษสำหรับ PDAs คือ addresses เหล่านี้จะ<strong>ไม่</strong>เกี่ยวข้องกับ private key ใดๆ ทั้งนี้เพราะ addresses เหล่านี้ไม่ได้อยู่บน ED25519 curve ดังนั้นจะมี <strong>เฉพาะ</strong> program ที่ <em>address</em> นี้ได้รับสืบทอดมาเท่านั้นถึงจะสามารถ sign instruction นี้ด้วย key ได้ ร่วมกับ seeds ที่เตรียมไว้ เรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับเรื่องนี้ได้ <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/references/programs.html#create-a-program-derived-address" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ที่นี่<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>ตอนนี้เราก็ได้รู้จักกับ PDAs แล้วว่ามันคืออะไร, มาลองใช้พวกมันในการ map accounts กันเถอะ! เราจะใช้ตัวอย่างจาก <strong>Blog</strong> program เพื่อแสดงให้เห็นว่าเราจะใช้งานมันได้ยังไง</p><p>ใน Blog program เราต้องการให้แต่ละ <code>User</code> มี <code>Blog</code> คนละตัว และ blog นี้จะมีได้หลาย <code>Posts</code> นั่นหมายความว่าเราต้องทำการ <strong>mapping</strong> แต่ละ user ไปที่ blog และแต่ละ post จะมีตัวชี้คอย <strong>mapped</strong> ไปที่ blog</p><p>พูดสั้นๆ ก็คือ, มี <code>1:1</code> mapping ระหว่าง user กับ blog และ <code>1:N</code> mapping ระหว่าง blog กับ posts.</p><p>สำหรับ <code>1:1</code> mapping, เราต้องการให้ blog address สืบทอดมาจาก user <strong>เท่านั้น</strong>, จะได้ทำให้เราดึง blog ได้ตาม authority (หรือตาม <em>user</em> นั่นเอง). ดังนั้น seed จึงต้องมี <strong>authority's key</strong> และควรจะขึ้นต้นด้วย <strong>"blog"</strong> เพื่อใช้เป็นตัวแยกประเภท (type identifier)</p><p>สำหรับ <code>1:N</code> mapping, เราต้องการให้แต่ละ post address สืบทอดได้จาก <strong>หลายๆ</strong> blog ที่เกี่ยวข้อง แต่ใช้คนละ <strong>identifier</strong>, เพื่อจะได้มีความแตกต่างระหว่าง posts สำหรับทุกๆ <code>N</code> posts ใน blog ลองดูตัวอย่างด้านล่างจะเห็นว่าในแต่ละ post address จะถูกสืบทอด (derived from) มาจาก <strong>blog's key</strong>, <strong>slug</strong> เพื่อจำแนกแต่่ละ post, และขึ้นต้นด้วย <strong>"post"</strong> เพื่อใช้เป็นตัวแยกประเภท (type identifier) อีกทีนึง.</p><p>ตัวอย่าง code อยู่ด้านล่าง,</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Anchor</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">anchor_lang<span class="token punctuation">::</span>prelude<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">declare_id!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"2vD2HBhLnkcYcKxnxLjFYXokHdcsgJnyEXGnSpAX376e"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[program]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">mapping_pda</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeBlog</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _blog_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_inner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> _post_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> post<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ErrorCode</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidContentOrTitle</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_inner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>post<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(blog_account_bump: u8)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">InitializeBlog</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
#<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
init<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">b"blog"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authority<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(post_account_bump: u8, post: Post)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">CreatePost</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut, has_one = authority)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
#<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
init<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">b"post"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_count<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Post</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 characters max</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 20 characters max</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token comment">// 50 characters max</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ErrorCode</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[msg(<span class="token string">"Invalid Content or Title."</span>)]</span>
<span class="token class-name">InvalidContentOrTitle</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(blog_account_bump: u8)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">InitializeBlog</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
#<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
init<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">b"blog"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authority<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(post_account_bump: u8, post: Post)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">CreatePost</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut, has_one = authority)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
#<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
init<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">b"post"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>convert<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">TryInto</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">thiserror<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">BlogInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Accounts expected:</span>
<span class="token comment">/// </span>
<span class="token comment">/// 0. `[signer]` User account who is creating the blog</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 1. `[writable]` Blog account derived from PDA</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 2. `[]` The System Program</span>
<span class="token class-name">InitBlog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Accounts expected:</span>
<span class="token comment">/// </span>
<span class="token comment">/// 0. `[signer]` User account who is creating the post</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 1. `[writable]` Blog account for which post is being created</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 2. `[writable]` Post account derived from PDA</span>
<span class="token comment">/// 3. `[]` System Program</span>
<span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitBlog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Instruction: InitBlog"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_init_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Instruction: CreatePost"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">,</span> content<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">20</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">50</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostData</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> post_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b"blog"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b"post"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> post_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> create_post_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
post_len<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Creating post account!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
create_post_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">b"post"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>post_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>author <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug <span class="token operator">=</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title <span class="token operator">=</span> title<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content <span class="token operator">=</span> content<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Serializing Post data"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Serializing Blog data"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b"blog"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> create_blog_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Creating blog account!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
create_blog_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">b"blog"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>authority <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">PostIxPayload</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>variant<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rest<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> input<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">split_first</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">PostIxPayload</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rest<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">match</span> variant <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitBlog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">CreatePost</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_ <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug, Clone)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_count<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 posts max</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Debug, Clone)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Post</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> author<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 chars max</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 20 chars max</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 50 chars max</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Error, Debug, Copy, Clone)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">BlogError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">"Invalid Instruction"</span>)]</span>
<span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">"Invalid Blog Account"</span>)]</span>
<span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">"Invalid Post Account"</span>)]</span>
<span class="token class-name">InvalidPostAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">"Invalid Post Data"</span>)]</span>
<span class="token class-name">InvalidPostData</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">"Account not Writable"</span>)]</span>
<span class="token class-name">AccountNotWritable</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">From</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Custom</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span 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class="line-number">175</span><br><span class="line-number">176</span><br><span class="line-number">177</span><br><span class="line-number">178</span><br><span class="line-number">179</span><br><span class="line-number">180</span><br><span class="line-number">181</span><br><span class="line-number">182</span><br><span class="line-number">183</span><br><span class="line-number">184</span><br><span class="line-number">185</span><br><span class="line-number">186</span><br><span class="line-number">187</span><br><span class="line-number">188</span><br><span class="line-number">189</span><br><span class="line-number">190</span><br><span class="line-number">191</span><br><span class="line-number">192</span><br><span class="line-number">193</span><br><span class="line-number">194</span><br><span class="line-number">195</span><br><span class="line-number">196</span><br><span class="line-number">197</span><br><span class="line-number">198</span><br><span class="line-number">199</span><br><span class="line-number">200</span><br><span class="line-number">201</span><br><span class="line-number">202</span><br><span class="line-number">203</span><br><span class="line-number">204</span><br><span class="line-number">205</span><br><span class="line-number">206</span><br><span class="line-number">207</span><br><span class="line-number">208</span><br><span class="line-number">209</span><br><span class="line-number">210</span><br><span class="line-number">211</span><br><span class="line-number">212</span><br><span class="line-number">213</span><br><span class="line-number">214</span><br><span class="line-number">215</span><br><span class="line-number">216</span><br><span class="line-number">217</span><br><span class="line-number">218</span><br><span class="line-number">219</span><br><span class="line-number">220</span><br><span class="line-number">221</span><br><span class="line-number">222</span><br><span class="line-number">223</span><br><span class="line-number">224</span><br><span class="line-number">225</span><br><span class="line-number">226</span><br><span class="line-number">227</span><br><span class="line-number">228</span><br><span class="line-number">229</span><br><span class="line-number">230</span><br><span class="line-number">231</span><br><span class="line-number">232</span><br><span class="line-number">233</span><br><span class="line-number">234</span><br><span class="line-number">235</span><br><span class="line-number">236</span><br><span class="line-number">237</span><br><span class="line-number">238</span><br><span class="line-number">239</span><br><span class="line-number">240</span><br><span class="line-number">241</span><br><span class="line-number">242</span><br><span class="line-number">243</span><br><span class="line-number">244</span><br><span class="line-number">245</span><br><span class="line-number">246</span><br><span class="line-number">247</span><br><span class="line-number">248</span><br><span class="line-number">249</span><br><span class="line-number">250</span><br><span class="line-number">251</span><br><span class="line-number">252</span><br><span class="line-number">253</span><br><span class="line-number">254</span><br><span class="line-number">255</span><br><span class="line-number">256</span><br><span class="line-number">257</span><br><span class="line-number">258</span><br><span class="line-number">259</span><br><span class="line-number">260</span><br><span class="line-number">261</span><br><span class="line-number">262</span><br><span class="line-number">263</span><br><span class="line-number">264</span><br><span class="line-number">265</span><br><span class="line-number">266</span><br><span class="line-number">267</span><br><span class="line-number">268</span><br><span class="line-number">269</span><br><span class="line-number">270</span><br><span class="line-number">271</span><br><span class="line-number">272</span><br><span class="line-number">273</span><br><span class="line-number">274</span><br><span class="line-number">275</span><br><span class="line-number">276</span><br><span class="line-number">277</span><br><span class="line-number">278</span><br><span class="line-number">279</span><br><span class="line-number">280</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_create_post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
slug<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
content<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">20</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">50</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostData</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> post_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b"blog"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b"post"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> post_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidPostAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> post_len<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> title<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> content<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>post_len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> create_post_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
post_len<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Creating post account!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
create_post_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">b"post"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>post_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>author <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blog <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug <span class="token operator">=</span> slug<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>title <span class="token operator">=</span> title<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>content <span class="token operator">=</span> content<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Serializing Post data"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
post_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Serializing Blog data"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_blog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> blog_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blog_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b"blog"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> blog_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> create_blog_pda_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Creating blog account!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
create_blog_pda_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">b"blog"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>authority <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_bump<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post_count <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
blog_account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span 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เพื่อดึงข้อมูล account data ตามตัวอย่างด้านล่าง</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> borsh <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@project-serum/borsh"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">BLOG_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"authorityPubkey"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"bump"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"postCount"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">POST_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"author"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"blog"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"bump"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"slug"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"title"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"content"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"http://localhost:8899"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"blog"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"post"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"slug-1"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">BLOG_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
blogAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Blog account state: "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blogAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">POST_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
postAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Post account state: "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> postAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"http://localhost:8899"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"blog"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"post"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"slug-1"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">BLOG_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
blogAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Blog account state: "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blogAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">POST_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
postAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Post account state: "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> postAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="single-map-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#single-map-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Single Map Account</h2><p>วิธีอื่นที่จะทำ mapping ก็จะคือการใช้ data structure แบบ <code>BTreeMap</code> เก็บไว้ใน account เดียว ซึ่ง account address นี้จะเป็น PDA หรือ public key ของ Keypair ที่สร้างขึ้นมาแล้วก็ได้</p><p>การทำ mapping accounts อาจจะไม่ใช่ทางที่ดีที่สุดเพราะเหตุผลต่อไปนี้</p><ul><li><p>คุณต้อง initialize account ที่เก็บ <code>BTreeMap</code> อยู่ก่อนที่คุณจะ สามารถเพิ่ม key-value pairs ลงไปและคุณต้องเก็บ address ของ account นี้ไว้สักที่เพื่อเอาไว้ update</p></li><li><p>memory ของ account มีข้อจำกัดอยู่ที่ <strong>10 megabytes</strong> ทำให้ <code>BTreeMap</code> เก็บ key-value pairs ขนาดใหญ่ได้ไม่พอ.</p></li></ul><p>ดังนั้นหลังจากเลือกได้แล้วว่าต้องการการใช้งานแบบไหนก็สามารถเริ่มทำได้ตามตัวอย่างด้านล่างนี้ได้เลย</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">Rust</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">thiserror<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">num_traits<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">FromPrimitive</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">sysvar<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">rent<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sysvar</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">pubkey<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">account_info<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> next_account_info<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>invoke_signed<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">entrypoint!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>process_instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"instruction_data: {:?}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Processor</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Processor</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">FromPrimitive</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstructionData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> instruction <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Initializing map!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_init_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Inserting entry!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">process_insert_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_ <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstructionData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>map_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b"map"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> map_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> create_map_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Creating MapAccount account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
create_map_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">b"map"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>map_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Deserializing MapAccount account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map <span class="token operator">=</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Serializing MapAccount account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_insert_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> a_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> b_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Deserializing MapAccount account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyHasEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>b_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Serializing MapAccount account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize, Clone, Debug)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">MapAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> map<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token comment">// 100</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 10 user -> blog</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Error, Debug, Copy, Clone)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">BlogError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">"Invalid MapAccount account"</span>)]</span>
<span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">"Invalid Blog account"</span>)]</span>
<span class="token class-name">InvalidBlogAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[error(<span class="token string">"Account already has entry in Map"</span>)]</span>
<span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyHasEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">From</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token keyword">Self</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Custom</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span 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class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br><span class="line-number">156</span><br><span class="line-number">157</span><br><span class="line-number">158</span><br><span class="line-number">159</span><br><span class="line-number">160</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>map_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b"map"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> map_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> create_map_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Creating MapAccount account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
create_map_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">b"map"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>map_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Deserializing MapAccount account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map <span class="token operator">=</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Serializing MapAccount account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_insert_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> a_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> b_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Deserializing MapAccount account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyHasEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>b_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Serializing MapAccount account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><p>code ฝั่ง client-side เพื่อทดสอบ program ด้านบนว่าจะออกมาเหมือนด้านล่างนี้หรือไม่</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><!--[--><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><!--]--><li class="flex-grow"></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4"></path></svg></button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div><div><div class="code-info-title">Press </> button to view full source</div></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true" data-v-6ae3d40e><div class="" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> borsh <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@project-serum/borsh"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"FwcG3yKuAkCfX68q9GPykNWDaaPjdZFaR1Tgr8qSxaEa"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MAP_DATA_LAYOUT</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"is_initialized"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"user_a"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> borsh<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"user_b"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"blogs"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"http://localhost:8899"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> userA <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> userB <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> userC <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>mapKey<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"map"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropASig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropBSig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropCSig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> promiseA <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropASig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> promiseB <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropBSig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> promiseC <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropCSig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>promiseA<span class="token punctuation">,</span> promiseB<span class="token punctuation">,</span> promiseC<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> initMapIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> insertABIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> insertBCIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> insertCAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initMapIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertABIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertBCIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertCAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> sig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>userA<span class="token punctuation">,</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">,</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
skipPreflight<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
preflightCommitment<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mapAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mapKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mapData <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">MAP_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mapAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"MapData: "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mapData<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span 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class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br><span class="line-number">139</span><br><span class="line-number">140</span><br><span class="line-number">141</span><br><span class="line-number">142</span><br><span class="line-number">143</span><br><span class="line-number">144</span><br><span class="line-number">145</span><br><span class="line-number">146</span><br><span class="line-number">147</span><br><span class="line-number">148</span><br><span class="line-number">149</span><br><span class="line-number">150</span><br><span class="line-number">151</span><br><span class="line-number">152</span><br><span class="line-number">153</span><br><span class="line-number">154</span><br><span class="line-number">155</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="hidden" data-v-6ae3d40e><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> insertABIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> insertBCIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> insertCAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initMapIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertABIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertBCIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertCAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: katopz@gmail.com">Todsaporn Banjerdkit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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aria-label="แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"><!--[--><!--]--> แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">อ้างอิง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="get-program-accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#get-program-accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Get Program Accounts</h1><p>นี่ตือ RPC method ที่จะคืนค่า accounts ที่ program เป็นเจ้าของ. ในตอนนี้ยังไม่สนับสนุน pagination. การ requests ไปที่ <code>getProgramAccounts</code> จะต้องส่ง parameters <code>dataSlice</code> และ/หรือ <code>filters</code> ไปด้วยเพื่อลด response time และจะได้ส่งกลับมาเฉพาะผลลัพท์ที่ต้องการ.</p><h2 id="เรื่องน่ารู้" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#เรื่องน่ารู้" aria-hidden="true">#</a> เรื่องน่ารู้</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Parameters</p><ul><li><code>programId</code>: <code>string</code> - Pubkey ของ program ที่จะ query, เตรียมในรูปแบบ base58 encoded string</li><li>(optional) <code>configOrCommitment</code>: <code>object</code> - Configuration parameters ที่มี optional fields ตามนี้: <ul><li>(optional) <code>commitment</code>: <code>string</code> - <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#configuring-state-commitment" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">State commitment<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>(optional) <code>encoding</code>: <code>string</code> - Encoding สำหรับ account data, ทั้ง: <code>base58</code>, <code>base64</code>, หรือ <code>jsonParsed</code>. Note, web3js ต้องใช้ <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getParsedProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">getParsedProgramAccounts<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> แทน</li><li>(optional) <code>dataSlice</code>: <code>object</code> - จำกัดผลลัพท์ account data โดยขึ้นอยู่กับ: <ul><li><code>offset</code>: <code>number</code> - จำนวนของ bytes เริ่มต้นของ account data ที่จะเริ่มคืนค่ามา</li><li><code>length</code>: <code>number</code> - จำนวนของ bytes ของ account data ที่จะส่งกลับมา</li></ul></li><li>(optional) <code>filters</code>: <code>array</code> - คัดกรอง results โดยใช้ filter objects ข้างล่าง: <ul><li><code>memcmp</code>: <code>object</code> - ตรงกับ series ของ bytes ของ account data: <ul><li><code>offset</code>: <code>number</code> - จำนวนของ bytes เริ่มต้นของ account data ที่จะเทียบ</li><li><code>bytes</code>: <code>string</code> - Data ที่จะเทียบด้วย, ในรูปแบบ base58 encoded string จำกัดที่ 129 bytes</li></ul></li><li><code>dataSize</code>: <code>number</code> - เทียบ account data length ด้วย data size ที่ระบุไว้</li></ul></li><li>(optional) <code>withContext</code>: <code>boolean</code> - ครอบ (wrap) ผลลัพท์ในรูปแบบ <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#rpcresponse-structure" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RpcResponse JSON object<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="response" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#response" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Response</h5><p>ตามปกติแล้ว <code>getProgramAccounts</code> จะคืนค่า array ของ JSON objects ที่มีโครงสร้างตามนี้:</p><ul><li><code>pubkey</code>: <code>string</code> - account pubkey ในรูปแบบของ base58 encoded string</li><li><code>account</code>: <code>object</code> - JSON object ที่มี fields: <ul><li><code>lamports</code>: <code>number</code>, ตัวเลขของ lamports ที่มีใน account</li><li><code>owner</code>: <code>string</code>, base58 encoded pubkey ของ program ที่ account ได้ assigned ไว้</li><li><code>data</code>: <code>string</code> | <code>object</code> - data ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับ account อาจจะเป็นได้ทั้ง encoded binary data หรือ JSON format ขึ้นอยู่กับ encoding parameter</li><li><code>executable</code>: <code>boolean</code>, ตัวบ่งชี้ว่า account นี้มี program</li><li><code>rentEpoch</code>: <code>number</code>, epoch ที่ account นี้จะต้องจ่าย rent</li></ul></li></ul></div><h2 id="ลงลึก" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ลงลึก" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ลงลึก</h2><p><code>getProgramAccounts</code> คือ RPC method ที่จะคืนค่าทุก accounts ที่ program เป็นเจ้าของ. เราสามารถใช้ <code>getProgramAccounts</code> สำหรับดึงข้อมูลได้หลายแบบ เช่น:</p><ul><li>หาทุกๆ token accounts ของ wallet</li><li>หาทุกๆ token accounts ที่มี mint เดียวกัน(เช่น ทุกๆ คนที่ถือ token <a href="https://www.projectserum.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SRM<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ไว้)</li><li>หาทุกๆ custom accounts ที่ใช้ program นี้(เช่น ทุกๆ คนที่ใช้ <a href="https://mango.markets/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mango<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>)</li></ul><p>นอกจากจะมีประโยชน์แล้ว, <code>getProgramAccounts</code> ยังถูกเข้าใจผิดอยู่บ้าง เพราะด้วยข้อจำกัดของมัน การดึงข้อมูลที่ใช้ <code>getProgramAccounts</code> จะทำให้ RPC nodes ค้นหา data ขนาดใหญ่. การค้นหานั้นกินทั้ง memory และ resource มากๆ. ผลที่เกิดขึ้นคือถ้าเรียกใช้บ่อยเกินไป หรือใหญ่เกินไปจะทำให้เกิด connection timeouts ได้. ในตอนนี้ <code>getProgramAccounts</code> endpoint ยังไม่สนับสนุน pagination. ถ้าผลการค้นหาใหญ่เกินไปผลลัพท์จะถูกตัดทิ้ง.</p><p>เพื่อหลีกหนีข้อจำกัดนี้, <code>getProgramAccounts</code> เลยมี parameters ให้ใช้: ชื่อ, <code>dataSlice</code> และ <code>filters</code> options <code>memcmp</code> และ <code>dataSize</code>. ถ้าใช้ parameters เหล่านี้, เราจะสามารถลดขอบเขตของการค้นหาให้แคบลงเพื่อควบคุม และประมาณขนาดของผลลัพท์ได้.</p><p>ตัวอย่างทั่วไปของ <code>getProgramAccounts</code> ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับ <a href="https://spl.solana.com/token" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SPL-Token Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> เช่น การค้นหาทุกๆ accounts ที่ Token Program เป็นเจ้าของโดยใช้ <a href="/th/references/accounts.html#get-program-accounts" class="">การค้นหาแบบปกติ</a> จะทำให้ต้องไปค้นหาข้อมูลมากมาย แต่ถ้าเราใส่ parameters เข้าไปด้วยเราจะสามารถ request ได้อย่างประสิทธิภาพ และได้ data เฉพาะที่เราจะใช้.</p><h3 id="filters" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#filters" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>filters</code></h3><p>parameter ที่ใช้บ่อยๆ สำหรับ <code>getProgramAccounts</code> คือ <code>filters</code> array. ซึ่ง array นี้จะรับ filters 2 แบบคือ <code>dataSize</code> และ <code>memcmp</code> ก่อนที่จะใช้ filters นี้เราต้องรู้ก่อนว่า data ที่เราจะร้องขอมีรูปแบบยังไง และจัดเรียงไว้ยังไง.</p><h4 id="datasize" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#datasize" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>dataSize</code></h4><p>ในกรณีของ Token Program, เราจะเห็นว่า <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-program-library/blob/08d9999f997a8bf38719679be9d572f119d0d960/token/program/src/state.rs#L86-L106" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">token accounts มีขนาด 165 bytes<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. และ token account จะมี 8 fields ที่แตกต่างกันโดยแต่ละ field จะมีขนาด bytes ที่แน่นอน เราสามารถแสดง visualize ว่า data มีการวางรูปแบบยังไงโดยใช้รูปด้านล่าง.</p><p><img src="/assets/account-size.398f17bf.png" alt="Account Size"></p><p>ถ้าเราต้องการหาทุกๆ token accounts โดยมี wallet address ของเราเป็นเจ้าของ, เราสามารถใส่ <code>{ dataSize: 165 }</code> ใน <code>filters</code> เพื่อลดขอบเขตการค้นหาของเราให้เหลือเฉพาะ accounts ที่ขนาด 165 bytes เท่านั้น แต่เท่านี้ก็ยังไม่ดีพอ เราต้องต้องใส่ filter เข้าไปด้วยว่าเราเป็นเจ้าของ (owner) มันด้วย เราสามารถทำได้ด้วยการเพิ่ม <code>memcmp</code> filter เข้าไป.</p><h4 id="memcmp" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#memcmp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>memcmp</code></h4><p><code>memcmp</code> filter หรือ "memory comparison" filter, จะทำให้เราสามารถเปรียบเทียบ data ใน field ไหนก็ได้ที่เก็บอยู่ใน account ของเรา. โดยเฉพาะเราสามารถค้นหาเฉพาะ accounts ที่ตรงกับ bytes ที่ตำแหน่งใดๆ. <code>memcmp</code> ต้องการ 2 arguments:</p><ul><li><code>offset</code>: ตำแหน่งที่จะเริ่มเทียบ data มีขนาดเป็น bytes และแสดงเป็นจำนวนเต็ม.</li><li><code>bytes</code>: คือ data ตรงกับ account's data. จะใช้ base-58 encoded string ขนาดไม่เกิน 129 bytes.</li></ul><p>แต่ต้องระวังไว้ว่า <code>memcmp</code> จะคืนค่ามาก็ต่อเมื่อเจอ <code>bytes</code> ตรงกันเท่านั้น ซึ่งในตอนนี้เรายังไม่สามารถเทียบหาค่าที่น้อยกว่า หรือมากกว่า <code>bytes</code> ที่เราใส่ไปได้</p><p>ในตัวอย่าง Token Program อันต่อไป, เราสามารถกำหนดการค้นหาให้คืนค่ามาเฉพาะ token account ที่ตรงกับ wallet address ของเรา ถ้าเราลองดูที่ token account จะเห็นว่า 2 fields แรกบน token account คือ pubkeys, และแต่ละ pubkey จะมีขนาด 32 bytes โดยที่ <code>owner</code> จะอยู่ที่ field ที่ 2 เราจึงสามารถเริ่ม <code>memcmp</code> ที่ <code>offset</code> ที่ 32 bytes จากตรงนั้นเราก็สามารถมองหา account ที่ ower ตรงกับ wallet address ของเรา</p><p><img src="/assets/memcmp.c5e1f050.png" alt="Account Size"></p><p>เราสามารถลอง query ได้ด้วยตัวอย่างด้านล่าง:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">cURL</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// new PublicKey("TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA")</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Found </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> token account(s) for wallet </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">-- Token Account Address </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>i <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> --</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"parsed"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"info"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"mint"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Amount: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"parsed"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"info"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"tokenAmount"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"uiAmount"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
// Output
Found 2 token account(s) for wallet FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T:
-- Token Account Address 0: H12yCcKLHFJFfohkeKiN8v3zgaLnUMwRcnJTyB4igAsy --
Mint: CKKDsBT6KiT4GDKs3e39Ue9tDkhuGUKM3cC2a7pmV9YK
Amount: 1
-- Token Account Address 1: Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb --
Mint: BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf
Amount: 3
*/</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">rpc_filter<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">rpc_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">state<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_account_decoder<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"http://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
<span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">DataSize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_program_accounts_with_config</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Found {:?} token account(s) for wallet {MY_WALLET_ADDRESS}: "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">enumerate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"-- Token Account Address {:?}: {:?} --"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> account<span class="token number">.0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> mint_token_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token number">.1</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Mint: {:?}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> mint_account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_account_data</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>mint_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Mint</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mint_account_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Amount: {:?}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>amount <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">f64</span> <span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">10usize</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">f64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
// Output
Found 2 token account(s) for wallet FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T:
-- Token Account Address 0: H12yCcKLHFJFfohkeKiN8v3zgaLnUMwRcnJTyB4igAsy --
Mint: CKKDsBT6KiT4GDKs3e39Ue9tDkhuGUKM3cC2a7pmV9YK
Amount: 1.0
-- Token Account Address 1: Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb --
Mint: BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf
Amount: 3.0
*/</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> http://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com -X POST -H <span class="token string">"Content-Type: application/json"</span> -d <span class="token string">'
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": 1,
"method": "getProgramAccounts",
"params": [
"TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA",
{
"encoding": "jsonParsed",
"filters": [
{
"dataSize": 165
},
{
"memcmp": {
"offset": 32,
"bytes": "FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T"
}
}
]
}
]
}
'</span>
<span class="token comment"># Output: </span>
<span class="token comment"># {</span>
<span class="token comment"># "jsonrpc": "2.0",</span>
<span class="token comment"># "result": [</span>
<span class="token comment"># {</span>
<span class="token comment"># "account": {</span>
<span class="token comment"># "data": {</span>
<span class="token comment"># "parsed": {</span>
<span class="token comment"># "info": {</span>
<span class="token comment"># "isNative": false,</span>
<span class="token comment"># "mint": "BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf",</span>
<span class="token comment"># "owner": "FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T",</span>
<span class="token comment"># "state": "initialized",</span>
<span class="token comment"># "tokenAmount": {</span>
<span class="token comment"># "amount": "998999999000000000",</span>
<span class="token comment"># "decimals": 9,</span>
<span class="token comment"># "uiAmount": 998999999,</span>
<span class="token comment"># "uiAmountString": "998999999"</span>
<span class="token comment"># }</span>
<span class="token comment"># },</span>
<span class="token comment"># "type": "account"</span>
<span class="token comment"># },</span>
<span class="token comment"># "program": "spl-token",</span>
<span class="token comment"># "space": 165</span>
<span class="token comment"># },</span>
<span class="token comment"># "executable": false,</span>
<span class="token comment"># "lamports": 2039280,</span>
<span class="token comment"># "owner": "TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA",</span>
<span class="token comment"># "rentEpoch": 313</span>
<span class="token comment"># },</span>
<span class="token comment"># "pubkey": "Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb"</span>
<span class="token comment"># }</span>
<span class="token comment"># ],</span>
<span class="token comment"># "id": 1</span>
<span class="token comment"># }</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h3 id="dataslice" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#dataslice" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>dataSlice</code></h3><p>นอกจาก 2 filter parameters นี้แล้ว, parameter ที่ 3 ที่ใช้บ่อยสำหรับ <code>getProgramAccounts</code> ก็คือ <code>dataSlice</code> แต่จะไม่เหมือน parameter <code>filters</code> ตรงที่ <code>dataSlice</code> จะไม่ลดผลการค้นหาของ accounts แต่ <code>dataSlice</code> จะจำกัดจำนวน data ที่ค้นหาได้แทน</p><p>คล้ายๆ <code>memcmp</code>, <code>dataSlice</code> จะรับ 2 arguments ดังนี้:</p><ul><li><code>offset</code>: ตำแหน่ง (ในขนาดของ bytes) ที่เริ่มคืนค่า account data</li><li><code>length</code>: จำนวนของ bytes ที่จะได้กลับคืนมา</li></ul><p><code>dataSlice</code> ใช้ได้ดีเวลาค้นหาข้อมูลขนาดใหญ่โดยไม่สนใจ data ตัวอย่างเช่น เวลาที่เราต้องการนับจำนวนของ token accounts (เช่น จำนวนคนที่ถือ token) สำหรับ token mint ที่เราสนใจ</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">TS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">Rust Client</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">cURL</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// new PublicKey("TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA")</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Found </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> token account(s) for mint </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
// Output (notice the empty <Buffer > at acccount.data)
Found 3 token account(s) for mint BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf
[
{
account: {
data: <Buffer >,
executable: false,
lamports: 2039280,
owner: [PublicKey],
rentEpoch: 228
},
pubkey: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: a8aca7a3132e74db2ca37bfcd66f4450f4631a5464b62fffbd83c48ef814d8d7>
}
},
{
account: {
data: <Buffer >,
executable: false,
lamports: 2039280,
owner: [PublicKey],
rentEpoch: 228
},
pubkey: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: ce3b7b906c2ff6c6b62dc4798136ec017611078443918b2fad1cadff3c2e0448>
}
},
{
account: {
data: <Buffer >,
executable: false,
lamports: 2039280,
owner: [PublicKey],
rentEpoch: 228
},
pubkey: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: d4560e42cb24472b0e1203ff4b0079d6452b19367b701643fa4ac33e0501cb1>
}
}
]
*/</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">rpc_filter<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">rpc_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_sdk<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">commitment_config<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_account_decoder<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">UiDataSliceConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rpc_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"http://api.devnet.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rpc_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">CommitmentConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">confirmed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Memcmp</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
<span class="token class-name">MemcmpEncodedBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">RpcFilterType</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">DataSize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_program_accounts_with_config</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token namespace">spl_token<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account_config<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
data_slice<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">UiDataSliceConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
offset<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
length<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
encoding<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">UiAccountEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Base64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
commitment<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">commitment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcAccountInfoConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">RpcProgramAccountsConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Found {:?} token account(s) for mint {MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS}: "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"{:#?}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
// Output (notice zero `len` in `data` of `Account`s)
Found 3 token account(s) for mint BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf:
[
(
tofD3NzLfZ5pWG91JcnbfsAbfMcFF2SRRp3ChnjeTcL,
Account {
lamports: 2039280,
data.len: 0,
owner: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA,
executable: false,
rent_epoch: 319,
},
),
(
CMSC2GeWDsTPjfnhzCZHEqGRjKseBhrWaC2zNcfQQuGS,
Account {
lamports: 2039280,
data.len: 0,
owner: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA,
executable: false,
rent_epoch: 318,
},
),
(
Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb,
Account {
lamports: 2039280,
data.len: 0,
owner: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA,
executable: false,
rent_epoch: 318,
},
),
]
*/</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># Note: encoding only available for "base58", "base64" or "base64+zstd"</span>
<span class="token function">curl</span> http://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com -X POST -H <span class="token string">"Content-Type: application/json"</span> -d <span class="token string">'
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": 1,
"method": "getProgramAccounts",
"params": [
"TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA",
{
"encoding": "base64",
"dataSlice": {
"offset": 0,
"length": 0
},
"filters": [
{
"dataSize": 165
},
{
"memcmp": {
"offset": 0,
"bytes": "BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf"
}
}
]
}
]
}
'</span>
<span class="token comment"># Output:</span>
<span class="token comment"># {</span>
<span class="token comment"># "jsonrpc": "2.0",</span>
<span class="token comment"># "result": [</span>
<span class="token comment"># {</span>
<span class="token comment"># "account": {</span>
<span class="token comment"># "data": [</span>
<span class="token comment"># "",</span>
<span class="token comment"># "base64"</span>
<span class="token comment"># ],</span>
<span class="token comment"># "executable": false,</span>
<span class="token comment"># "lamports": 2039280,</span>
<span class="token comment"># "owner": "TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA",</span>
<span class="token comment"># "rentEpoch": 313</span>
<span class="token comment"># },</span>
<span class="token comment"># "pubkey": "FqWyVSLQgyRWyG1FuUGtHdTQHrEaBzXh1y9K6uPVTRZ4"</span>
<span class="token comment"># },</span>
<span class="token comment"># {</span>
<span class="token comment"># "account": {</span>
<span class="token comment"># "data": [</span>
<span class="token comment"># "",</span>
<span class="token comment"># "base64"</span>
<span class="token comment"># ],</span>
<span class="token comment"># "executable": false,</span>
<span class="token comment"># "lamports": 2039280,</span>
<span class="token comment"># "owner": "TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA",</span>
<span class="token comment"># "rentEpoch": 314</span>
<span class="token comment"># },</span>
<span class="token comment"># "pubkey": "CMSC2GeWDsTPjfnhzCZHEqGRjKseBhrWaC2zNcfQQuGS"</span>
<span class="token comment"># },</span>
<span class="token comment"># {</span>
<span class="token comment"># "account": {</span>
<span class="token comment"># "data": [</span>
<span class="token comment"># "",</span>
<span class="token comment"># "base64"</span>
<span class="token comment"># ],</span>
<span class="token comment"># "executable": false,</span>
<span class="token comment"># "lamports": 2039280,</span>
<span class="token comment"># "owner": "TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA",</span>
<span class="token comment"># "rentEpoch": 314</span>
<span class="token comment"># },</span>
<span class="token comment"># "pubkey": "61NfACb21WvuEzxyiJoxBrivpiLQ79gLBxzFo85BiJ2U"</span>
<span class="token comment"># },</span>
<span class="token comment"># {</span>
<span class="token comment"># "account": {</span>
<span class="token comment"># "data": [</span>
<span class="token comment"># "",</span>
<span class="token comment"># "base64"</span>
<span class="token comment"># ],</span>
<span class="token comment"># "executable": false,</span>
<span class="token comment"># "lamports": 2039280,</span>
<span class="token comment"># "owner": "TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA",</span>
<span class="token comment"># "rentEpoch": 313</span>
<span class="token comment"># },</span>
<span class="token comment"># "pubkey": "Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb"</span>
<span class="token comment"># }</span>
<span class="token comment"># ],</span>
<span class="token comment"># "id": 1</span>
<span class="token comment"># }</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>โดนการที่เราผสม 3 parameters (<code>dataSlice</code>, <code>dataSize</code>, และ <code>memcmp</code>) เราก็จะสามารถจำกัดการค้นหาให้มีประสิทธิภาพ และส่งค่ากลับมาเฉพาะที่เราต้องการได้</p><h2 id="แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" aria-hidden="true">#</a> แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#getprogramaccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RPC API Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Web3js Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getParsedProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JSON-parsed Web3js Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 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<!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/core-concepts/accounts.html#แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"><!--[--><!--]--> แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/core-concepts/accounts.html#credit" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Credit"><!--[--><!--]--> Credit <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">แนวทาง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">อ้างอิง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Accounts</h1><p>Accounts ใน Solana จะเอาไว้เก็บ state และเป็นส่วนสำคัญในการพัฒนาบน Solana.</p><h2 id="เรื่องน่ารู้" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#เรื่องน่ารู้" aria-hidden="true">#</a> เรื่องน่ารู้</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Accounts เอาไว้เก็บข้อมูล (data)</li><li>แต่ละ account มี address ที่ไม่ซ้ำกัน</li><li>Accounts มีขนาดได้ไม่เกิน 10MB (10 Mega Bytes)</li><li>PDA accounts มีขนาดได้ไม่เกิน 10KB (10 Kilo Bytes)</li><li>PDA accounts สามารถใช้ sign แทน program ได้</li><li>ขนาดของ Accounts จะถูกกำหนดตั้งแต่ตอนสร้าง แต่สามารถเปลี่ยนได้ทีหลังด้วยการ <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/references/programs.html#how-to-change-account-size" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">realloc<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>พื้นที่เก็บ data ใน Account ต้องจ่ายยค่าเช่า (rent)</li><li>เจ้าของ account ตาม default คือ System Program</li></ul></div><h2 id="ลงลึก" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ลงลึก" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ลงลึก</h2><h3 id="account-model" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#account-model" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Account Model</h3><p>accounts บน Solana จะมี 3 แบบ:</p><ul><li>Data accounts เอาไว้เก็บ data</li><li>Program accounts เอาไว้เก็บ executable programs</li><li>Native accounts คือพวก native programs บน Solana เช่น System, Stake, และ Vote</li></ul><p>data accounts มี 2 ประเภท:</p><ul><li>accounts ที่มี System เป็นเจ้าของ</li><li>PDA (Program Derived Address) accounts</li></ul><p>แต่ละ account จะมี address (ก็คือ public key) และมี owner (address ของ program account). โดย account จะมี field ตามด้านล่างนี้</p><table><thead><tr><th>Field</th><th>คำอธิบาย</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>lamports</td><td>จำนวน lamports ที่ account มีอยู่</td></tr><tr><td>owner</td><td>program ที่เป็นเจ้าของ account นี้</td></tr><tr><td>executable</td><td>account นี้สามารถประมวลผล instructions ได้หรือไม่</td></tr><tr><td>data</td><td>ข้อมูลดิบเป็น byte array ที่เก็บอยู่ใน account นี้</td></tr><tr><td>rent_epoch</td><td>epoch ถัดไปที่ account นี้จะเป็นหนี้ค่าเช่า rent</td></tr></tbody></table><p>กฏที่สำคัญเกี่ยวกับ ownership:</p><ul><li>เฉพาะเจ้าของ data account ที่สามารถแก้ไขข้อมูลของตัวเองได้ และถอน lamports ออกมาได้</li><li>ทุกคนสามารถฝาก lamports เข้า data account ได้</li><li>เจ้าของ account สามารถโอนเปลี่ยนเจ้าของใหม่ได้ ถ้า data ใน account ไม่มีแล้ว (zeroed out)</li></ul><p>Program accounts ไม่เก็บ state.</p><p>ตัวอย่างเช่น ถ้าเรามี counter program ที่ให้เราเพิ่มจำนวน counter ได้, เราต้องสร้าง 2 accounts โดยที่ account แรกจะเอาไว้เก็บ code ของ program และอีกอันเอาไว้เก็บจำนวน counter</p><p><img src="/assets/account_example.5b70d95a.jpeg" alt=""></p><p>คุณต้องจ่าย Rent (ค่าเช่า) เพื่อป้องกัน account จากการถูกลบ</p><h3 id="rent-ค่าเช่า" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#rent-ค่าเช่า" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Rent (ค่าเช่า)</h3><p>การเก็บข้อมูลบน account จะเสีย SOL ในการดูแล และมันจะถูกจ่ายโดยเรียกว่า rent (ค่าเช่า) ถ้าคุณจ่ายทิ้งไว้ให้ครอบคลุมขั้นต่ำ 2 ปี คุณก็จะได้รับการยกเว้นค่าเช่า (rent exempt) และคุณยังสามารถเอา lamports คืนได้ด้วยการปิด (close) account และส่ง lamports คืนสู่ wallet</p><p>Rent จะถูกจ่ายเมื่อ 2 เหตุการณ์นี้เกิดขึ้น:</p><ol><li>เมื่อถูกอ้างอิงด้วย transaction</li><li>เมื่อจบรอบ epoch</li></ol><p>จำนวน % ของ rent ที่ถูกเก็บจาก accounts จะถูกทำลาย ในขณะที่จำนวนที่เหลือจะถูกแจกจ่ายไปให้ vote account เมื่อจบรอบของทุก slot</p><p>ถ้า account ไม่มี lamports เพียงพอที่จะจ่าย rent จะทำให้ account ถูกจัดสรรคืน deallocated และข้อมูลก็จะหายไป</p><p>และเราต้องจำไว้ด้วยว่า account ใหม่จะต้องจ่ายค่า rent exempt สำรองไว้เพื่อยกเว้นค่าเช่าเสมอ</p><h2 id="แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" aria-hidden="true">#</a> แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</h2><ul><li><a href="https://solana.wiki/zh-cn/docs/account-model/#account-storage" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Account Model<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Official Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path 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<!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">อ้างอิง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="program-derived-addresses-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#program-derived-addresses-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)</h1><p>Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) คือสิ่งที่เชื่อมโยงกับ accounts ที่ออกแบบมาให้ถูกควบคุมโดย program ที่ระบุไว้. ถ้ามี PDAs ตัว programs ก็จะสามารถ sign ได้ด้วย program (programmatically sign) สำหรับ addresses ที่เจาะจงไว้โดยไม่ต้องใช้ private key. PDAs มีไว้เพื่อทำ CPI <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#cross-program-invocations" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cross-Program Invocation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, โดยจะอนุญาต Solana apps ให้สามารถ ใช้งานร่วมกัน (composable) กับ program อื่นๆ ได้.</p><h2 id="เรื่องน่ารู้" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#เรื่องน่ารู้" aria-hidden="true">#</a> เรื่องน่ารู้</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>PDAs คือ 32 byte strings ที่ดูเหมือน public keys, แต่จะไม่มี private keys</li><li><code>findProgramAddress</code> จะสามารถสืบทอด(derive) แบบ deterministic เป็น PDA จาก programId และ seeds (ชุดของ bytes)</li><li>bump (1 byte) จะเอาไว้เพิ่มโอกาสที่ PDA จะหลุดจาก ed25519 elliptic curve</li><li>Programs สามารถ sign ให้ PDAs ได้ด้วยการเตรียม seeds และ bump ไว้เพื่อใช้ในการ <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-signed-accounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">invoke_signed<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>PDA สามารถ sign ด้วย program ที่มัน derived มาเท่านั้น</li><li>ในการที่จะทำให้ programs สามารถ sign ใน instructions ที่ต่างกัน, PDAs จะต้องเตรียม interface คล้ายๆ hashmap สำหรับ <a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="">indexing accounts</a></li></ul></div><h2 id="ลงลึก" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ลงลึก" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ลงลึก</h2><p>PDAs คือส่วนสำคัญในการพัฒนา programs บน Solana. ถ้ามี PDAs, programs ก็จะสามารถ sign แทน accounts ในขณะที่รับประกันได้ว่าจะไม่มี user อื่นมาสร้าง signature ที่เหมือนกันได้. นอกจากที่จะ sign แทน account ได้แล้ว บาง programs ยังสามารถเปลี่ยนแปลง accounts ที่มันถือ PDAs ไว้ได้ด้วย</p><p><img src="/assets/account-matrix.c3a79f80.png" alt="Accounts matrix"></p><p><small style="text-align:center;display:block;">Image courtesy of <a href="https://twitter.com/pencilflip">Pencilflip</a></small></p><h3 id="การสร้าง-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#การสร้าง-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> การสร้าง PDAs</h3><p>เพื่อที่จะเข้าใจหลักการเบื้องหลัง PDAs, เราอาจจะต้องเข้าใจก่อนว่า PDAs จริงๆ แล้วไม่ได้ถูกสร้างขึ้นมาแต่เป็นการค้นหาจนเจอ. PDAs เกิดจากการผสม seeds (เช่น <code>“vote_account”</code>) และ program id. การผสมกันของ seeds และ program id จะ run ผ่าน sha256 hash function เพื่อดูว่า public key นั้นตกอยู่บน ed25519 elliptic curve หรือไม่.</p><p>ในการ run program id และ seeds ผ่าน hash function จะมีความเป็นไปได้ประมาณ ~50% ที่จะได้ valid public key ที่ตกอยู่บน elliptic curve. ในกรณีนี้ จะเพิ่มอะไรบางอย่างเพื่อแกล้ง (fudge) ให้ input ขยับไปนิดหน่อยแล้วก็ลองใหม่อีกครั้ง. ศัพท์ทางเทคนิคของการ fudge นี้ก็คือ bump. ใน Solana, เราจะเริ่มด้วย bump = 255 และค่อยๆ ลดลงเป็น bump = 254, bump = 253, เรื่อยๆ จนเราได้ address ที่ไม่อยู่บน elliptic curve. นี่อาจจะฟังดูง่ายๆ แต่เมื่อมันเจอ address มันก็จะเป็นวิธีในแบบ deterministic ที่จะสามารถ derive PDA เดิมออกมาได้.</p><p><img src="/assets/pda-curve.7c0b9307.png" alt="PDA on the ellipitic curve"></p><h3 id="ใช้งาน-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ใช้งาน-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ใช้งาน PDAs</h3><p>เมื่อ PDA ถูกสร้างมาแล้ว, <code>findProgramAddress</code> จะคืน address และ bump ที่ใช้เตะ address ออกจาก elliptic curve. ถ้ามี bump นี้, program ก็จะสามารถ <a href="/th/references/accounts.html#sign-with-a-pda" class="">sign</a> instruction ใดๆที่ต้องการ PDA. ในการที่จะ sign, ตัว programs ต้องส่ง instruction, list ของ accounts, และ seeds กับ bump ที่ใช้ derive ตัว PDA ไป <code>invoke_signed</code>. นอกจากนี้ในการ sign สำหรับ instructions, PDAs จะต้อง sign ผ่าน <code>invoke_signed</code> ด้วย.</p><p>เมื่อจะใช้ PDAs, มันเป็นเรื่องปกติที่จะต้อง <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-program-library/blob/78e29e9238e555967b9125799d7d420d7d12b959/token-swap/program/src/state.rs#L100" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">เก็บ bump seed<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ไว้ใน account data นั้นๆ ด้วย. มันจะทำให้นักพัฒนาสามารถตรวจสอบ PDA ได้ง่ายขึ้นโดยไม่ต้องส่ง bump มาใน instruction argument.</p><h2 id="แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" aria-hidden="true">#</a> แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-derived-addresses" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Official Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.brianfriel.xyz/understanding-program-derived-addresses/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Understanding Program Derived Addresses<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: katopz@gmail.com">Todsaporn Banjerdkit</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><!----></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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<!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">เริ่มต้น <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking กับ Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking กับ Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การติดตั้ง"><!--[--><!--]--> การติดตั้ง <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">แนวความคิดหลัก <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html#เรื่องน่ารู้" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="เรื่องน่ารู้"><!--[--><!--]--> เรื่องน่ารู้ <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html#ลงลึก" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="ลงลึก"><!--[--><!--]--> ลงลึก <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html#native-programs-และ-the-solana-program-library-spl" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Native Programs และ The Solana Program Library (SPL)"><!--[--><!--]--> Native Programs และ The Solana Program Library (SPL) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html#เขียน-programs" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html#deploying-programs" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deploying Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Deploying Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html#แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"><!--[--><!--]--> แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">แนวทาง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">อ้างอิง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="programs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#programs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Programs</h1><p>นักพัฒนาสามารถเขียน และปล่อย (deploy) programs บน Solana blockchain. Programs (ซึ่งก็คือ smart contracts บน protocols อื่นๆ) เป็นส่วนรากฐานของการทำงาน on-chain, ทำได้ทุกอย่างตั้งแต่ DeFi และ NFTs จนไปถึง Social Media และ Gaming.</p><h2 id="เรื่องน่ารู้" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#เรื่องน่ารู้" aria-hidden="true">#</a> เรื่องน่ารู้</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Programs ประมวลผล <a href="./transactions">instructions</a> ทั้งที่มาจาก end users และมาจาก programs อื่นๆ</li><li>ทุกๆ programs จะเป็น <em>stateless</em>: และ data ที่มันทำงานด้วยจะถูกเก็บแยกไว้ที่ <a href="/th/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="">accounts</a> ที่ส่งผ่านมาทาง instructions</li><li>Programs จะถูกเก็บใน accounts ที่ระบุไว้ว่า <code>executable</code></li><li>ทุกๆ programs จะมีเจ้าของคือ <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#bpf-loader" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">BPF Loader<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> และจะถูกดำเนินการ (executed) โดย <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/runtime" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Runtime<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>นักพัฒนาจะเขียน programs ด้วยภาษา Rust หรือ C++, แต่ก็สามารถเลือกภาษาใดๆ ก็ได้ที่ target <a href="https://llvm.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">LLVM<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Packet_Filter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">BPF<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ได้</li><li>ทุกๆ programs จะมีทางเข้า (entry point) ทางเดียว ซึ่งเป็นที่ที่ instruction จะถูกดำเนินการ(<code>process_instruction</code>); parameters จะต้องมีสิ่งเหล่านี้เสมอ: <ul><li><code>program_id</code>: <code>pubkey</code></li><li><code>accounts</code>: <code>array</code>,</li><li><code>instruction_data</code>: <code>byte array</code></li></ul></li></ul></div><h2 id="ลงลึก" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ลงลึก" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ลงลึก</h2><p>Solana ไม่เหมือน blockchains อื่นๆ ตรงที่เราจะแยก code กับ data ออกจากกัน ทุกๆ data ที่ programs จะใช้จะถูกเก็บไว้ใน account อีกตัวแยกกัน และ programs จะรับเป็นชุดข้อมูลอ้างอิง (references) ไปถึง account เหล่านั้นผ่านรูปแบบชุดคำสั่ง (instructions) การทำแบบนี้จะทำให้ program สามารถทำงานข้าม หรือเรียกใช้ accounts ต่างๆ โดยไม่ต้อง deploy ใหม่ ตัวอย่างรูปแบบ (pattern) เหล่านี้สามารถเห็นได้ในทั้ง Native และ SPL Programs</p><h3 id="native-programs-และ-the-solana-program-library-spl" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#native-programs-และ-the-solana-program-library-spl" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Native Programs และ The Solana Program Library (SPL)</h3><p>Solana มาพร้อมกับ programs หลายตัวที่ใช้สำหรับการทำงาน on-chain. โดยที่ programs จะแบ่งเป็น <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#bpf-loader" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Native Programs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> และ <a href="https://spl.solana.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Program Library (SPL) Programs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.</p><p>Native Programs มีไว้สำหรับการทำงานของ validators โดยตัวที่รู้จักกันมากคือ <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#system-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">System Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ที่จะคอยรับผิดชอบดูแล accounts ใหม่ และส่ง(transfer) SOL ไปมา.</p><p>SPL Programs มีไว้ทำงาน on-chain หลายอย่าง, ทั้งสร้าง (creating), สลับ (swapping), และเช่า (lending) โทเคน (tokens), และยังมีไว้สร้าง stake pools และดูแล on-chain name service อีกด้วย โดย <a href="https://spl.solana.com/token" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SPL Token Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> จะสามารถเรียกใช้ (invoke) ได้โดยตรงผ่าน CLI, ในขณะที่ <a href="https://spl.solana.com/associated-token-account" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Associated Token Account Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> จะถูกประกอบขึ้นมาด้วย programs ที่ทำขึ้นมาเอง.</p><h3 id="เขียน-programs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#เขียน-programs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> เขียน Programs</h3><p>Programs ส่วนใหญ่จะเขียนด้วย Rust หรือ C++, แต่ก็สามารถเลือกภาษาใดๆ ก็ได้ที่ target LLVM’s BPF ได้ นอกจากนี้จากความร่วมมือของ <a href="https://neon-labs.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Neon Labs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> และ <a href="https://solang.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solang<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ทำให้สามารถสนับสนุน <a href="https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/evm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EVM<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ซึ่งทำให้นักพัฒนาสามารถเขียน programs ด้วย Solidity ได้.</p><p>programs ที่เขียนด้วย Rust จะยึดโครงสร้างนี้:</p><table><thead><tr><th>ไฟล์ (File)</th><th>คำอธิบาย</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>lib.rs</td><td>ลงทะเบียน modules</td></tr><tr><td>entrypoint.rs</td><td>ทางเข้า (Entrypoint) ของ program</td></tr><tr><td>instruction.rs</td><td>Program API, (de)serializing instruction data</td></tr><tr><td>processor.rs</td><td>Program logic</td></tr><tr><td>state.rs</td><td>Program objects, (de)serializing state</td></tr><tr><td>error.rs</td><td>Program-specific errors</td></tr></tbody></table><p>ในตอนนี้, <a href="https://github.com/coral-xyz/anchor" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Anchor<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> เป็น framework ที่นิยมสำหรับพัฒนา programs. Anchor คือ framework ที่มีแนวทางชัดเจน (opinionated), คล้ายกับ Ruby on Rails ที่ลดการเขียนอะไรซ้ำๆ และช่วยให้การแกะ (de)serialization สะดวกขึ้นสำหรับการพัฒนาด้วย Rust.</p><p>Programs ปกติแล้วจะถูกพัฒนา (dev) และทดสอบ(test) บนสิ่งแวดล้อม(environments) Localhost และ Devnet ก่อนที่จะ deploy ไปบน Testnet หรือ Mainnet. Solana จะสนับสนุน environments ต่อไปนี้:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Cluster Environment</th><th>RPC Connection URL</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Mainnet-beta</td><td>https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com</td></tr><tr><td>Testnet</td><td>https://api.testnet.solana.com</td></tr><tr><td>Devnet</td><td>https://api.devnet.solana.com</td></tr><tr><td>Localhost</td><td>Default port: 8899 (e.g. http://localhost:8899, http://192.168.1.88:8899)</td></tr></tbody></table><p>เมื่อ deployed ไปบน environment แล้วผู้ใช้ (clients) จะสามารถใช้งาน on-chain programs ผ่าน <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RPC connections<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ไปที่ cluster ตามที่เลือกไว้.</p><h3 id="deploying-programs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deploying-programs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deploying Programs</h3><p>นักพัฒนาสามารถ deploy programs ผ่าน <a href="https://docs.solana.com/cli/deploy-a-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CLI<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana program deploy <span class="token operator"><</span>PROGRAM_FILEPATH<span class="token operator">></span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>เมื่อ program ถูก deploy ไปแล้ว, มันจะถูกแปลง (compile) เป็น <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ELF shared object<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> (ประกอบไปด้วย BPF bytecode) และถูก upload ไปที่ Solana cluster. Programs จะอยู่ใน accounts (บน Solana ทุกอย่างอยุ่ใน accounts), ต่างตรงที่ accounts นี้จะมีสถานะ <code>executable</code> และถูกมอบหมายให้ BPF Loader. ที่อยู่ (address) ของ account เหล่านี้จะถูกเรียกว่า <code>program_id</code> และจะเอาไว้อ้างอิงในการทำ transactions ต่อไป.</p><p>Solana สนับสนุน BPF Loaders หลายแบบ, เช่น <a href="https://explorer.solana.com/address/BPFLoaderUpgradeab1e11111111111111111111111" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Upgradable BPF Loader<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. The BPF Loader จะรับผิดชอบดูแล program’s account และทำให้ clients ใช้ได้ผ่าน <code>program_id</code>. ทุก programs มี entry point ทางเดียว และเป็นที่ประมวลผล instruction (<code>process_instruction</code>) และ parameters ที่จะต้องมีเสมอคือ:</p><ul><li><code>program_id</code>: <code>pubkey</code></li><li><code>accounts</code>: <code>array</code>,</li><li><code>instruction_data</code>: <code>byte array</code></li></ul><p>เมื่อเกิดการเรียกใช้ (invoke) programs มันจะถูกดำเนินการ (execute) โดย Solana Runtime.</p><h2 id="แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" aria-hidden="true">#</a> แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/on-chain-programs/overview" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Official Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://spl.solana.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SPL Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://jstarry.notion.site/Program-deploys-29780c48794c47308d5f138074dd9838" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Program Deploys by Justin Starry<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://book.solmeet.dev/notes/solana-starter-kit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Starter Kit by Iron Addicted Dog<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://paulx.dev/blog/2021/01/14/programming-on-solana-an-introduction/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Programming on Solana by Paulx<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 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<meta name="title" content="คู่มือ Solana | Transactions"><meta name="og:title" content="คู่มือ Solana | Transactions"><meta name="description" content="Transaction คือส่วนประกอบของหลายๆ operational บน Solana, เรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับ Transaction และแนวคิดหลักๆ ได้ที่คู่มือ Solana"><meta name="og:description" content="หลายๆ operational บน Solana จะประกอบอยู่ในที่เดียวกันที่เรียกว่า Transaction. เรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับแนวคิดหลักๆ ได้ที่คู่มือ Solana"><meta name="og:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="og:image:alt" content="Solana splash card"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@solanacookbook"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://solanacookbook.com/cookbook-sharing-card.png"><meta name="robots" content="index,follow,noodp"><meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><link rel="icon" href="/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg"><script data-domain="solanacookbook.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script><title>Transactions | คู่มือ Solana</title>
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<!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">เริ่มต้น <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Cooking กับ Solana"><!--[--><!--]--> Cooking กับ Solana <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การติดตั้ง"><!--[--><!--]--> การติดตั้ง <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">แนวความคิดหลัก <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs 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aria-label="ค่าธรรมเนียม (Fees)"><!--[--><!--]--> ค่าธรรมเนียม (Fees) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/th/core-concepts/transactions.html#แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"><!--[--><!--]--> แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/th/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">แนวทาง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating Program Data Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating Program Data Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/guides/versioned-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Versioned Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Versioned Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">อ้างอิง <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/th/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs และ Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs และ Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="เขียน Programs"><!--[--><!--]--> เขียน Programs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="การใช้งาน Tokens"><!--[--><!--]--> การใช้งาน Tokens <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="NFTs"><!--[--><!--]--> NFTs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Offline Transactions"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Offline Transactions <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/th/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="transactions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#transactions" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Transactions</h1><p>Clients สามารถ invoke <a href="/th/core-concepts/programs.html" class="">programs</a> ด้วยการส่ง (submitting) transaction ไปที่ cluster. transaction จะประกอบไปด้วย instructions, โดยแต่ละอันจะมีเป้าหมายไปที่ program ของตัวเอง. เมื่อ transaction submit ไปแล้ว, Solana <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/runtime" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Runtime<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> จะ process instructions ตามลำดับ และทำในระดับ atomic. ถ้ามีส่วนไหนของ instruction ล้มเหลว (fail), ทั้ง transaction จะ fail ทั้งหมด.</p><h2 id="เรื่องน่ารู้" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#เรื่องน่ารู้" aria-hidden="true">#</a> เรื่องน่ารู้</h2><div class="custom-container tip"><p class="custom-container-title">Fact Sheet</p><ul><li>Instructions คือหน่วยการทำงานพื้นฐานที่สุดของ Solana</li><li>แต่ละ instruction จะมี: <ul><li><code>program_id</code> ของ program</li><li>ชุดของ <code>accounts</code> ทั้งหมดที่ต้องอ่าน (read) หรือเขียน (write)</li><li><code>instruction_data</code> byte array ที่จำเพาะเจาะจงสำหรับแต่บะ program</li></ul></li><li>สามารถใส่เ instructions ได้มากกว่าหนึ่งตัว เข้าไปในหนึ่ง transaction</li><li>แต่ละ transaction จะมี: <ul><li>ชุดของ <code>accounts</code> ทั้งหมดที่ต้องอ่าน (read) หรือเขียน (write)</li><li><code>instructions</code> หนึ่งตัว หรือมากกว่า</li><li><code>blockhash</code> ล่าสุด (recent)</li><li><code>signatures</code> หนึ่งตัว หรือมากกว่า</li></ul></li><li>Instructions จะ process instructions ตามลำดับ และทำในระดับ atomic</li><li>ถ้ามีส่วนไหนของ instruction ล้มเหลว (fail), ทั้ง transaction จะ fail ทั้งหมด</li><li>ขนาดของ Transactions จำกัดอยู่ที่ 1232 bytes</li></ul></div><h2 id="ลงลึก" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ลงลึก" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ลงลึก</h2><p>Solana Runtime ต้องการให้ทั้ง instructions และ transactions ระบุ accounts ทั้งหมดที่จะอ่าน หรือเขียน การที่เราเตรียม accounts ไว้ก่อนแบบนี้จะทำให้ runtime สามารถทำงานขนานกัน (parallelize execution) ได้ทั้ง transactions.</p><p>เมื่อ transaction ถูก submit ไปที่ cluster แล้ว, ตัว runtime จะ process instructions ตามลำดับ และทำในระดับ atomic. สำหรับแต่ละ instruction, program ที่รับไปจะแปล (interpret) data array และทำงานบน accounts ที่กำหนดไว้. program จะส่งผลสำเร็จ หรือความผิดพลาด (error code) กลับมา. ถ้าส่ง error กลับมา ทั้ง transaction จะ fail ทันที.</p><p>transaction ที่เป็นการถอนเงิน (debit) จาก account หรือจะแก้ไข data จะต้องมี signature ของเจ้าของ account นั้นส่งมาด้วย. account ไหนที่สามารถเขียนได้ จะถูกระบุไว้ว่า <code>writable</code>. account สามารถรับเงิน (credited) โดยไม่ต้องได้รับอนุญาตจากเจ้าของ ทั้งนี้คนจ่าย (payer)ได้จ่ายครอบคลุมค่า rent และ transaction fees ไปแล้ว.</p><p>ก่อนการ submission, ทุก transactions จะต้องอ้างไปที่ <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/transactions#recent-blockhash" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">recent blockhash<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>. โดยที่ blockhash จะใช้ในการป้องกันการส่ง transactions ซ้ำ และ transactions ที่เก่าเกินไป. จำนวนสูงสุดของ transaction's blockhash คือ 150 blocks, หรือประมาณ ~1 นาที 19 วินาที ในเวลาตอนที่เขียนนี้.</p><h3 id="ค่าธรรมเนียม-fees" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ค่าธรรมเนียม-fees" aria-hidden="true">#</a> ค่าธรรมเนียม (Fees)</h3><p>Solana จะเก็บ fee 2 แบบ:</p><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/transaction_fees" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaction fees<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> สำหรับทำ transactions (หรือที่เรียกว่า “gas fees”)</li><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rent fees<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> สำหรับเก็บ data on-chain</li></ul><p>สำหรับ Solana, transaction fees จะเป็น deterministic (ทุกเหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้น มีปัจจัยที่สามารถกำหนดได้โดยสมบูรณ์): จะยังไม่มี fee market ที่ผู้ใช้ สามารถ จ่าย fees สูงกว่าเพื่อเพิ่มโอกาสในการถูกประมวลผลใน block ถัดไปในเวลาตอนที่เขียนนี้, transaction fees จะเก็บตามจำนวนของ signatures ที่ต้องการใช้ (<code>lamports_per_signature</code>), ไม่ใช่ตามจำนวน resources ที่ใช้ไป ทั้งนี้เป็นเพราะมี hard cap 1232 bytes ในทุกๆ transactions อยู่.</p><p>ทุกๆ transactions จะต้องมี <code>writable</code> account อย่างน้อยหนึงตัวสำหรับ sign transaction. เมื่อ submitted แล้ว writable signer account ที่ถูก serialized เป็นตัวแรกจะเป็น fee payer และ account นี้จะจ่ายค่า transaction โดยไม่สนใจว่า transaction จะสำเร็จหรือไม่. ถ้า fee payer ไม่มี balance พอที่จะจ่าย transaction fee ได้ transaction ก็จะถูกทิ้งไป (dropped).</p><p>ในเวลาตอนที่เขียนนี้, 50% ของทุก transaction fees จะถูกเก็บไปโดย validator ที่เป็นคนสร้าง block, ในขณะที่ 50% ที่เหลือจะถูกเผาทิ้ง (burn). โครงสร้างแบบนี้มีขึ้นเพื่อเป็นแรงจูงใจให้ validators ประมวณผล transactions ให้มากที่สุดเท่าที่จะเป็นไปได้ในช่วง slots ในขณะที่เป็นผู้นำ (leader)</p><h2 id="แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" aria-hidden="true">#</a> แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/transactions" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Official Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana.wiki/docs/solidity-guide/transactions/#solana-transaction-structure" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaction Structure<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://jstarry.notion.site/Transaction-Fees-f09387e6a8d84287aa16a34ecb58e239" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaction Fees by Justin Starry<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://2501babe.github.io/posts/solana101.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">An Introduction to Solana by Hana<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://jito-labs.medium.com/solana-validator-101-transaction-processing-90bcdc271143" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaction Processing by Jito Labs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://medium.com/@asmiller1989/solana-transactions-in-depth-1f7f7fe06ac2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Transaction in Depth by Alex Miller<span><svg 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sidebar-item" aria-label="How to Read the Cookbook (Cookbook Nasıl Okunur?)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to Read the Cookbook (Cookbook Nasıl Okunur?) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/tr/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Temel Kavramlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs (Programlar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs (Programlar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions (İşlemler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions (İşlemler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Kılavuzlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data (Serileştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data (Serileştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları)"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referanslar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="solana-cookbook" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#solana-cookbook" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Solana Cookbook</h1><p><em>Solana Cookbook</em>, Solana'da uygulamalar oluşturmak için temel kavramları ve referansları sağlayan bir geliştirici kaynağıdır. Her kavram ve referans, ek ayrıntılar ve kullanım örnekleri sağlarken Solana kullanarak geliştirme yapmanın belirli yönlerine odaklanacaktır.</p><h2 id="contributing-nasıl-katkı-verebilirsiniz" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#contributing-nasıl-katkı-verebilirsiniz" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Contributing (Nasıl Katkı Verebilirsiniz?)</h2><p><em>Solana Cookbook</em>, yeni Solana geliştiricilerinin katkıda bulunmasını kolaylaştıracak şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Bir şeyi nasıl yapacağınızı bilmiyor olsanız bile, Solana Cookbook’a katkıda bulunmak öğrenmenin harika bir yoludur!</p><p>Tüm açık konulara <a href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">buradan<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> göz atabilir, katkı yönergelerine <a href="https://github.com/solana-developers/solana-cookbook#contributing" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">buradan<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ulaşabilirsiniz. Solana Cookbook’da bir önerinin eksik olduğunu fark ederseniz, lütfen yeni bir issue oluşturun.</p><h2 id="how-to-read-the-cookbook-cookbook-nasıl-okunur" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-read-the-cookbook-cookbook-nasıl-okunur" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to Read the Cookbook (Cookbook Nasıl Okunur?)</h2><p><em>Solana Cookbook</em>, her biri farklı bir amaca yönelik farklı bölümlere ayrılmıştır.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Bölüm</th><th>Açıklama</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Temel Kavramlar</td><td>Solana’da geliştirme yapmak için bilinmesi tavsiye edilen Solana yapı taşları</td></tr><tr><td>Rehber</td><td>Geliştirme yapmak için çeşitli araçlar hakkında hap bilgileri içeren kılavuzlar</td></tr><tr><td>Referanslar</td><td>Yaygın olarak ihtiyaç duyulan kod parçaları için referanslar</td></tr></tbody></table><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: rukiyebeyzasarikaya@hotmail.com">rbeyzas</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----><span class="next"><a href="/tr/getting-started/installation.html" class="" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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href="/tr/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Cookbook"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Cookbook <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Temel Kavramlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs (Programlar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs (Programlar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions (İşlemler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions (İşlemler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a 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aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/staking.html#get-current-validators-gecerli-validator-ları-getirme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Current Validators (Geçerli Validator’ları Getirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Current Validators (Geçerli Validator’ları Getirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/staking.html#create-stake-account-stake-hesabı-olusturma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Create Stake Account (Stake hesabı oluşturma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Create Stake Account (Stake hesabı oluşturma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/staking.html#delegate-stake-delegate-stake" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Delegate Stake (Delegate Stake)"><!--[--><!--]--> Delegate Stake (Delegate Stake) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/staking.html#get-delegator-by-validators-validator-account-a-stake-eden-account-ları-getirme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Delegator by Validators (Validator account’a stake eden account’ları getirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Delegator by Validators (Validator account’a stake eden account’ları getirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/staking.html#deactivate-stake-stake-i-devre-dısı-bırakma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deactivate Stake (Stake’i Devre Dışı Bırakma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Deactivate Stake (Stake’i Devre Dışı Bırakma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/staking.html#withdraw-stake-stake-i-cekme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Withdraw Stake (Stake’i Çekme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Withdraw Stake (Stake’i Çekme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="staking-stake-etme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#staking-stake-etme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Staking (Stake Etme)</h1><h2 id="get-current-validators-gecerli-validator-ları-getirme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#get-current-validators-gecerli-validator-ları-getirme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Get Current Validators (Geçerli Validator’ları Getirme)</h2><p>SOL'u stake edebilir ve ağın güvenliğini sağlamaya yardımcı olduğumuz için ödüller kazanabiliriz. Stake etmek için, SOL'u sırayla işlemleri işleyen validator’lara devrederiz.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Get all validators, categorized by current (i.e. active) and deliquent (i.e. inactive)</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delinquent <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getVoteAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"current validators: "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"all validators: "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> current<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">concat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>delinquent<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><h2 id="create-stake-account-stake-hesabı-olusturma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#create-stake-account-stake-hesabı-olusturma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Create Stake Account (Stake hesabı oluşturma)</h2><p>Tüm stake etme talimatları, <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#stake-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Stake Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>ı tarafından işlenir. Başlamak için, standart bir <a href="/tr/references/accounts.html#create-a-system-account" class="">sistem account</a>'ından farklı olarak oluşturulan ve yönetilen bir <a href="https://docs.solana.com/staking/stake-accounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Stake Hesabı<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> oluşturuyoruz. Özellikle, account'ın <code>Stake Authority</code>’sini ve <code>Withdrawal Authority</code>’sini ayarlamalıyız.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Setup a transaction to create our stake account</span>
<span class="token comment">// Note: `StakeProgram.createAccount` returns a `Transaction` preconfigured with the necessary `TransactionInstruction`s</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
authorized<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Authorized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Here we set two authorities: Stake Authority and Withdrawal Authority. Both are set to our wallet.</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amountToStake<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lockup<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Lockup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Optional. We'll set this to 0 for demonstration purposes.</span>
stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createStakeAccountTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
createStakeAccountTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Since we're creating a new stake account, we have that account sign as well</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account created. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>createStakeAccountTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check our newly created stake account balance. This should be 0.5 SOL.</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Verify the status of our stake account. This will start as inactive and will take some time to activate.</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><h2 id="delegate-stake-delegate-stake" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#delegate-stake-delegate-stake" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Delegate Stake (Delegate Stake)</h2><p>Bir stake account finanse edildiğinde, <code>Stake Authority</code> bunu bir validator’e devredebilir. Her stake account aynı anda yalnızca bir validator’e devredilebilir. Ayrıca, account'taki tüm tokenlar ya delegated(devredilebilir) ya da un-delegated(devredilemez) olmalıdır. Bir kez devredildikten sonra, bir stake account'ının aktif hale gelmesi birkaç epoch(döngü)sürer.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// With a validator selected, we can now setup a transaction that delegates our stake to their vote account.</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
votePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> delegateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> delegateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account delegated to </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>selectedValidatorPubkey<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>delegateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be activating.</span>
stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><h2 id="get-delegator-by-validators-validator-account-a-stake-eden-account-ları-getirme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#get-delegator-by-validators-validator-account-a-stake-eden-account-ları-getirme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Get Delegator by Validators (Validator account’a stake eden account’ları getirme)</h2><p>Birden fazla account, belirli bir validator account’a stake etmiş olabilir. Tüm stakerları getirmek için <code>getProgramAccounts</code> veya <code>getParsedProgramAccounts</code> API kullanacağız. Daha fazla bilgi için <a href="/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="">kılavuzlar bölümü</a>ne bakın. Bahis account'ları 200 bayt uzunluğundadır ve Voter Public Key 124 bayttan başlar. <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/e960634909a9617fb98d5d836c9c4c5e0d9d59cc/sdk/program/src/stake/state.rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Referans<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">124</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Accounts for program </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">STAKE_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Total number of delegators found for </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">VOTE_PUB_KEY</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> is: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Sample delegator:</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
// Output
Accounts for program Stake11111111111111111111111111111111111111:
Total number of delegators found for 27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x is: 184
Sample delegator:
{
"account": {
"data": {
"parsed": {
"info": {
"meta": {
"authorized": {
"staker": "3VDVh3rHTLkNJp6FVYbuFcaihYBFCQX5VSBZk23ckDGV",
"withdrawer": "EhYXq3ANp5nAerUpbSgd7VK2RRcxK1zNuSQ755G5Mtxx"
},
"lockup": {
"custodian": "3XdBZcURF5nKg3oTZAcfQZg8XEc5eKsx6vK8r3BdGGxg",
"epoch": 0,
"unixTimestamp": 1822867200
},
"rentExemptReserve": "2282880"
},
"stake": {
"creditsObserved": 58685367,
"delegation": {
"activationEpoch": "208",
"deactivationEpoch": "18446744073709551615",
"stake": "433005300621",
"voter": "27MtjMSAQ2BGkXNuJEJkxFyCJT8dugGAaHJ9T7Gc6x4x",
"warmupCooldownRate": 0.25
}
}
},
"type": "delegated"
},
"program": "stake",
"space": 200
},
"executable": false,
"lamports": 433012149261,
"owner": {
"_bn": "06a1d8179137542a983437bdfe2a7ab2557f535c8a78722b68a49dc000000000"
},
"rentEpoch": 264
},
"pubkey": {
"_bn": "0dc8b506f95e52c9ac725e714c7078799dd3268df562161411fe0916a4dc0a43"
}
}
*/</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br></div></div><h2 id="deactivate-stake-stake-i-devre-dısı-bırakma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deactivate-stake-stake-i-devre-dısı-bırakma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deactivate Stake (Stake’i Devre Dışı Bırakma)</h2><p>Bir stake account devredildikten sonra herhangi bir zamanda, <code>Stake Authority</code> account'ı devre dışı bırakmayı seçebilir. Devre dışı bırakmanın tamamlanması birkaç epoch alabilir ve herhangi bir SOL geri çekilmeden önce gereklidir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// At anytime we can choose to deactivate our stake. Our stake account must be inactive before we can withdraw funds.</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> deactivateTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
deactivateTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account deactivated. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>deactivateTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Check in on our stake account. It should now be inactive.</span>
stakeStatus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStakeActivation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account status: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeStatus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><h2 id="withdraw-stake-stake-i-cekme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#withdraw-stake-stake-i-cekme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Withdraw Stake (Stake’i Çekme)</h2><p>Devre dışı bırakıldığında,<code>Withdrawal Authority</code> SOL'yi bir sistem account'ına geri çekebilir. Bir stake hasabı artık devredilmediğinde ve 0 SOL bakiyesine sahip olduğunda, etkili bir şekilde yok edilir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Once deactivated, we can withdraw our SOL back to our main wallet</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTx <span class="token operator">=</span> StakeProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">withdraw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
stakePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> stakeBalance<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Withdraw the full balance at the time of the transaction</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> withdrawTxId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> withdrawTx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account withdrawn. Tx Id: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>withdrawTxId<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Confirm that our stake account balance is now 0</span>
stakeBalance <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stakeAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Stake account balance: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>stakeBalance <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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associated private key (Bir public key’in ilişkili private key’e sahip olup olmadığı nasıl kontrol edilir) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#how-to-generate-a-mnemonic-phrase-hatırlatıcı-bir-ifade-nasıl-olusturulur" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to generate a mnemonic phrase (Hatırlatıcı bir ifade nasıl oluşturulur)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to generate a mnemonic phrase (Hatırlatıcı bir ifade nasıl oluşturulur) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#how-to-restore-a-keypair-from-a-mnemonic-phrase-anımsatıcı-bir-cumleden-keypair-nasıl-yuklenir" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to restore a Keypair from a mnemonic phrase (Anımsatıcı bir cümleden Keypair nasıl yüklenir)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to restore a Keypair from a mnemonic phrase (Anımsatıcı bir cümleden Keypair nasıl yüklenir) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#how-to-generate-a-vanity-address-ozel-bir-adres-nasıl-olusturulur" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to generate a vanity address (Özel bir adres nasıl oluşturulur)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to generate a vanity address (Özel bir adres nasıl oluşturulur) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html#how-to-sign-and-verify-messages-with-wallets-cuzdanlarla-mesajlar-nasıl-imzalanır-ve-dogrulanır" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to sign and verify messages with wallets (Cüzdanlarla mesajlar nasıl imzalanır ve doğrulanır)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to sign and verify messages with wallets (Cüzdanlarla mesajlar nasıl imzalanır ve doğrulanır) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" 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Svelte <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="keypairs-and-wallets" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#keypairs-and-wallets" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Keypairs and Wallets</h1><h2 id="how-to-generate-a-new-keypair-yeni-keypair-nasıl-olusturulur" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-generate-a-new-keypair-yeni-keypair-nasıl-olusturulur" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to generate a new Keypair (Yeni Keypair nasıl oluşturulur)</h2><p>Çeşitli Solana kitaplıkları ile gerçekleştirebileceğiniz farklı işlemlerin çoğu, bir Keypair veya Cüzdan gerektirir. Bir cüzdana bağlanıyorsanız endişelenmenize gerek yok. Ancak, bir Keypair’e ihtiyacınız varsa, bir tane oluşturmanız gerekecektir.</p><p>How to restore a Keypair from a secret(Secret’tan Keypair nasıl geri yüklenir) Secret’ınız varsa, dApp'inizi test etmek için keypair’i secret’tan alabilirsiniz.</p><ol><li>Byte’tan</li></ol><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><p>2.Base58 string’den</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"5MaiiCavjCmn9Hs1o3eznqDEhRwxo7pXiAYez7keQUviUkauRiTMD8DrESdrNjN8zd9mTmVhRvBJeg5vhyvgrAhG"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-verify-a-keypair-keypair-nasıl-dogrulanır" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-verify-a-keypair-keypair-nasıl-dogrulanır" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to verify a Keypair (Keypair nasıl doğrulanır)</h2><p>Size bir keypair verilirse, secret verilen public key’in eşleşip eşleşmediğini doğrulayabilirsiniz.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> publicKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"24PNhTaNtomHhoy3fTRaMhAFCRj4uHqhZEEoWrKDbR5p"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSecretKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token number">174</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">47</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">154</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">202</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">193</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">206</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">113</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">199</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">190</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">133</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">169</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">175</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">222</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">138</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">189</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">224</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">216</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">117</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">173</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">149</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">53</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">45</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">237</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">246</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">185</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">186</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">82</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">177</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">148</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">241</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">227</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">167</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">141</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">121</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">172</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">247</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">68</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">251</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">226</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">218</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">63</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">176</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">109</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">168</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">238</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">135</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// true</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-check-if-a-public-key-has-an-associated-private-key-bir-public-key-in-iliskili-private-key-e-sahip-olup-olmadıgı-nasıl-kontrol-edilir" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-check-if-a-public-key-has-an-associated-private-key-bir-public-key-in-iliskili-private-key-e-sahip-olup-olmadıgı-nasıl-kontrol-edilir" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to check if a public key has an associated private key (Bir public key’in ilişkili private key’e sahip olup olmadığı nasıl kontrol edilir)</h2><p>Bazı özel durumlarda (örneğin, Programdan Türetilen Adres), public key’lerin kendileriyle ilişkili private key’i olmayabilir. Bunu, public key’in ed25519 eğrisinde olup olmadığına bakarak kontrol edebilirsiniz. Yalnızca eğri üzerinde bulunan public key’ler, cüzdan sahibi kullanıcılar tarafından kontrol edilebilir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"5oNDL3swdJJF1g9DzJiZ4ynHXgszjAEpUkxVYejchzrY"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isOnCurve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-generate-a-mnemonic-phrase-hatırlatıcı-bir-ifade-nasıl-olusturulur" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-generate-a-mnemonic-phrase-hatırlatıcı-bir-ifade-nasıl-olusturulur" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to generate a mnemonic phrase (Hatırlatıcı bir ifade nasıl oluşturulur)</h2><p>Bir cüzdan oluşturuyorsanız, kullanıcının onu yedek olarak kaydedebilmesi için anımsatıcı bir ifade oluşturmanız gerekir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generateMnemonic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-restore-a-keypair-from-a-mnemonic-phrase-anımsatıcı-bir-cumleden-keypair-nasıl-yuklenir" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-restore-a-keypair-from-a-mnemonic-phrase-anımsatıcı-bir-cumleden-keypair-nasıl-yuklenir" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to restore a Keypair from a mnemonic phrase (Anımsatıcı bir cümleden Keypair nasıl yüklenir)</h2><p>Birçok cüzdan uzantısı, private key’i temsil etmek için anımsatıcılar kullanır. Yerel testler için anımsatıcıyı Keypair’e dönüştürebilirsiniz.</p><ol><li>BIP39 - tek bir cüzdan oluşturma</li></ol><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token string">"pill tomorrow foster begin walnut borrow virtual kick shift mutual shoe scatter"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>2.BIP44 (birden çok cüzdan, HD cüzdan olarak da bilinir)</p><p>Tek bir seed’den birden fazla cüzdan yapabilirsiniz - 'Hiyerarşik Deterministik cüzdanlar' veya HD cüzdanlar olarak da bilinir:</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mnemonic <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token string">"neither lonely flavor argue grass remind eye tag avocado spot unusual intact"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> seed <span class="token operator">=</span> bip39<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mnemonicToSeedSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mnemonic<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (mnemonic, password)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> path <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">m/44'/501'/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>i<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">'/0'</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">derivePath</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>path<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"hex"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>path<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> => </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-generate-a-vanity-address-ozel-bir-adres-nasıl-olusturulur" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-generate-a-vanity-address-ozel-bir-adres-nasıl-olusturulur" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to generate a vanity address (Özel bir adres nasıl oluşturulur)</h2><p>Özel public key’ler veya özel adresler, belirli karakterlerle başlayan anahtarlardır. Örneğin, bir kişi bir public key’in "elv1s" ile başlamasını veya hatta "cook" ile başlamasını isteyebilir. Bunlar, diğer kişilerin anahtarın kime ait olduğunu hatırlamalarına yardımcı olarak anahtarın daha kolay tanımlanabilir olmasını sağlar.</p><p>Not: Özel adresinizde ne kadar fazla karakter varsa, o kadar uzun sürer.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">startsWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"elv1s"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-sign-and-verify-messages-with-wallets-cuzdanlarla-mesajlar-nasıl-imzalanır-ve-dogrulanır" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-sign-and-verify-messages-with-wallets-cuzdanlarla-mesajlar-nasıl-imzalanır-ve-dogrulanır" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to sign and verify messages with wallets (Cüzdanlarla mesajlar nasıl imzalanır ve doğrulanır)</h2><p>Bir keypair’ın birincil işlevi, mesajları imzalamak ve imzanın doğrulanmasını sağlamaktır. İmzanın doğrulanması, alıcının verilerin belirli bir private key’in sahibi tarafından imzalandığından emin olmasını sağlar.</p><p>Bunu yapmak için <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/tweetnacl" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TweetNaCl<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> kripto kitaplığını içe aktaracağız.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> messageBytes <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">decodeUTF8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">detached</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>secretKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> nacl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sign<span class="token punctuation">.</span>detached<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
messageBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
signature<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-connect-to-a-wallet-cuzdana-nasıl-baglanılır" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-connect-to-a-wallet-cuzdana-nasıl-baglanılır" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to connect to a wallet (Cüzdana nasıl bağlanılır)</h2><p>Solana'nın<a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/wallet-adapter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">wallet-adapter<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>(cüzdan bağdaştırıcı) kitaplıkları, client tarafında cüzdan bağlantılarını yönetmeyi kolaylaştırır.</p><h3 id="react" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#react" aria-hidden="true">#</a> React</h3><p>Gerekli bağımlılıkları yüklemek için aşağıdaki komutu çalıştırın:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>yarn add @solana/wallet-adapter-react @solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui @solana/wallet-adapter-base @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>React cüzdan bağdaştırıcı kitaplıkları, <code>useWallet</code>, <code>WalletProvider</code>, <code>useConnection</code> ve <code>ConnectionProvider</code> gibi kancalar ve ConnectionProvider aracılığıyla cüzdan bağlantı durumlarını sürdürmemize ve bunlara erişmemize olanak tanır. React App, <code>WalletProvider</code> ve <code>ConnectionProvider</code> ile paketlenmelidir.</p><p>Ek olarak, bağlantı modunun görünürlüğünü değiştirmek için <code>useWalletModal</code>'ı kullanarak ve ayrıca <code>@solana/wallet-adapter-react-ui</code>'den Uygulamayı <code>WalletModalProvider</code> ile sarmalayarak kullanıcılardan bağlanmalarını isteyebiliriz. Bağlantı modu bizim için bu bağlantı akışını yönetecek, böylece bir cüzdanın ne zaman bağlandığını dinleyebiliriz. <code>useWallet</code> yanıtı boş olmayan bir <code>wallet</code> özelliğine sahip olduğunda bir cüzdanın bağlı olduğunu biliyoruz. Tam tersi, bu özellik boşsa, cüzdanın bağlantısının kesildiğini biliyoruz.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> wallet <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWallet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> setVisible <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useWalletModal</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">onRequestConnectWallet</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">setVisible</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Prompt the user to connect their wallet</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>button onClick<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>onRequestConnectWallet<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token operator">></span>Connect Wallet<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>button<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Displays the connected wallet address</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator"><</span>main<span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token operator"><</span>p<span class="token operator">></span>Wallet successfully connected<span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>p<span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token operator"><</span>p<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>p<span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>main<span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><h3 id="vue" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#vue" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Vue</h3><p>Gerekli bağımlılıkları yüklemek için aşağıdaki komutu çalıştırın:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>npm install solana-wallets-vue @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><a href="https://github.com/lorisleiva/solana-wallets-vue" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Wallets Vue<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> eklentisi, bir cüzdan mağazasını başlatmamıza ve herhangi bir bileşen içinde erişilebilen yeni bir <code>$wallet</code> global özelliği oluşturmamıza olanak tanır. <code>useWallet()</code>'ten alabileceğiniz tüm özellikler ve yöntemler <a href="https://github.com/lorisleiva/solana-wallets-vue#usewallet-references" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">burada<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> görüntülenir. Ayrıca, kullanıcıların bir cüzdan seçmesine ve ona bağlanmasına izin vermek için WalletMultiButton bileşenini içe aktarır ve oluştururuz.</p><div class="language-vue ext-vue line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-vue"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">setup</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletMultiButton <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"solana-wallets-vue"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>wallet-multi-button</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><h3 id="svelte" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#svelte" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Svelte</h3><p>Gerekli bağımlılıkları yüklemek için aşağıdaki komutu çalıştırın:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>npm install @svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-core @svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-ui @solana/wallet-adapter-base @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets @solana/web3.js
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><a href="https://github.com/svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Svelte Wallet Adapter<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> paketi, Svelte Template veya SvelteKit ile yapılan bir proje içindeki tüm JS, TS ve/veya Svelte dosyaları arasında erişilebilir bir Svelte Mağazası (<code>$walletStore</code>) eklemeye olanak tanır. <a href="https://github.com/svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter/blob/master/packages/core/README.md/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Burada<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>ki repo referansını kullanarak adaptörü SSR veya SPA için kullanabilirsiniz. Kullanıcı arabirimi paketi, kullanıcıların kendisine bağlanacak bir cüzdan seçmesine olanak tanıyan bir <code><WalletMultiButton /></code> bileşeni içerir.</p><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> walletStore <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-core"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> WalletMultiButton <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@svelte-on-solana/wallet-adapter-ui"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
{#if $walletStore?.connected} Wallet with public key {$walletStore.publicKey}
successfully connected! {:else}
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>WalletMultiButton</span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span>
{/if}
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: rukiyebeyzasarikaya@hotmail.com">rbeyzas</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="" aria-label="Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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account cost (Account’lar seed’leri oluşturma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/accounts.html#generate-uretme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Generate (Üretme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Generate (Üretme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/accounts.html#create-olusturma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Create (Oluşturma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Create (Oluşturma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/accounts.html#transfer-transfer" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Transfer (Transfer)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transfer (Transfer) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/accounts.html#how-to-create-pdas-pda-leri-olusturma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to create PDAs (PDA’leri oluşturma)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to create PDAs (PDA’leri oluşturma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/accounts.html#generate-a-pda-pda-uretme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Generate a PDA (PDA üretme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Generate a PDA (PDA üretme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/accounts.html#create-a-pda-pda-olusturma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Create a PDA (PDA oluşturma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Create a PDA (PDA oluşturma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/accounts.html#how-to-sign-with-a-pda-pda-ile-imzalama" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to sign with a PDA (PDA ile imzalama)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to sign with a PDA (PDA ile imzalama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/accounts.html#program-1" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Program"><!--[--><!--]--> Program <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/accounts.html#client-1" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Client"><!--[--><!--]--> Client <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/accounts.html#how-to-get-program-accounts-program-hesaplarını-getirme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to get program accounts (Program hesaplarını getirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to get program accounts (Program hesaplarını getirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/accounts.html#how-to-close-accounts-account-ları-kapatma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to close accounts (Account’ları kapatma)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to close accounts (Account’ları kapatma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/accounts.html#how-to-get-account-balance-account-bakiyesi-getirme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to get account balance (Account bakiyesi getirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to get account balance (Account bakiyesi getirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="accounts-account-lar" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#accounts-account-lar" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Accounts (Account’lar)</h1><h2 id="how-to-create-a-system-account-system-account-olusturma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-create-a-system-account-system-account-olusturma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to create a system account (System account oluşturma)</h2><p><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/javascript-reference#systemprogram" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Sistem Programını<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>n sahip olduğu bir account oluşturun. Solana çalışma zamanı, bir account'ın sahibine, verilerine yazma veya lamp bağlantılarını aktarma erişimi verir. Bir account oluştururken, bayt (<code>space</code>) cinsinden sabit bir depolama alanı ve rent’i karşılamak için yeterli lamp payı önceden tahsis etmeliyiz. <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rent<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, Solana'da account'ları canlı tutmak için yapılan bir maliyettir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountParams <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> rentExemptionAmount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createAccountTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createAccountParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> createAccountTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-calculate-account-cost-account-maliyeti-hesaplama" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-calculate-account-cost-account-maliyeti-hesaplama" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to calculate account cost (Account maliyeti hesaplama)</h2><p>Solana'da account'ları canlı tutmak, <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">rent<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> adı verilen bir depolama maliyeti doğurur. Bir account, en az iki yıllık rent yatırılarak rent tahsilatından tamamen muaf tutulabilir. Hesaplama için, account’ta saklamayı düşündüğünüz veri miktarını göz önünde bulundurmanız gerekir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> clusterApiUrl <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// length of data in the account to calculate rent for</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> dataLength <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1500</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> rentExemptionAmount <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dataLength<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
rentExemptionAmount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-calculate-account-cost-account-lar-seed-leri-olusturma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-calculate-account-cost-account-lar-seed-leri-olusturma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to calculate account cost (Account’lar seed’leri oluşturma)</h2><p>Hesaplarınızı yönetmek için bir çok farklı keypair oluşturmak yerine <code>createAccountWithSeed</code>'i kullanabilirsiniz.</p><h3 id="generate-uretme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#generate-uretme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Generate (Üretme)</h3><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="create-olusturma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#create-olusturma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Create (Oluşturma)</h3><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccountWithSeed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// funder</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><h3 id="transfer-transfer" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#transfer-transfer" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Transfer (Transfer)</h3><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> derived<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
basePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> basePubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// create a random receiver</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0.01</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
seed<span class="token operator">:</span> seed<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> base<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><p>:::İPUCU Sadece sistem programına ait bir account sistem programı üzerinden transfer yapabilir. :::</p><h2 id="how-to-create-pdas-pda-leri-olusturma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-create-pdas-pda-leri-olusturma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to create PDAs (PDA’leri oluşturma)</h2><p><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-derived-addresses" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Programdan türetilen adres (PDA)<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, aşağıdaki farklarla normal bir adres gibidir:</p><ol><li>ed25519 eğrisinden düşüyor</li><li>Private key yerine imzalamak için programı kullanma</li></ol><p><strong>Not</strong>: PDA account'ları sadece program üzerinde oluşturulabilir. Adres client tarafında oluşturulabilir.</p><p>:::İPUCU</p><p>PDA bir program kimliği tarafından türetilmiş olsa da, bu PDA'nın aynı programa ait olduğu anlamına gelmez. (Bir örnek alın, PDA'nızı token programına ait bir account olan token account'ı olarak başlatabilirsiniz) :::</p><h3 id="generate-a-pda-pda-uretme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#generate-a-pda-pda-uretme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Generate a PDA (PDA üretme)</h3><p><code>findProgramAddress</code>, seed’in sonuna fazladan bir bayt ekleyecektir. 255'ten 0'a başlar ve ilk eğri dışı public key’i döndürür. Aynı program kimliğini ve seed’ini iletirseniz her zaman aynı sonucu alırsınız.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"G1DCNUQTSGHehwdLCAmRyAG8hf51eCHrLNUqkgGKYASj"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"test"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">bump: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>bump<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, pubkey: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// you will find the result is different from `createProgramAddress`.</span>
<span class="token comment">// It is expected because the real seed we used to calculate is ["test" + bump]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><h3 id="create-a-pda-pda-olusturma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#create-a-pda-pda-olusturma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Create a PDA (PDA oluşturma)</h3><p>Aşağıda, programa ait bir PDA account'ı oluşturmak için örnek bir program ve programı client ile çağırmak için bir örnek bulunmaktadır.</p><h4 id="program" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#program" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Program</h4><p>Aşağıda, ayrılmış veri boyutu ile bir account oluşturan tek bir <code>system_instruction::create_account</code> talimatı gösterilmektedir, türetilmiş PDA için <code>rent_lamports</code> miktarı lamports. Bu, yukarıda tartışıldığı gibi <code>invoke_signed</code> kullanılarak PDA ile imzalanır.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span>payer_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><h4 id="client" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#client" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Client</h4><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>data_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-sign-with-a-pda-pda-ile-imzalama" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-sign-with-a-pda-pda-ile-imzalama" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to sign with a PDA (PDA ile imzalama)</h2><p>PDA'lar yalnızca program içinde imzalanabilir. Aşağıda, bir PDA ile imzalamanın ve programı client ile çağırmanın bir program örneği verilmiştir.</p><h3 id="program-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#program-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Program</h3><p>Aşağıda, seed <code>escrow</code> tarafından türetilen bir PDA'dan SOL'yi aktarılan bir account'a aktaran tek bir talimat gösterilmektedir. <code>invoke_signed</code>, PDA ile imzalamak için kullanılır.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">100_000_000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
pda_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
to_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_program_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b"escrow"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump_seed<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><h3 id="client-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#client-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Client</h3><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Leave `false` here although we need a pda as a signer.</span>
<span class="token comment">// It will be escalated on program if we use invoke_signed.</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> to<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-get-program-accounts-program-hesaplarını-getirme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-get-program-accounts-program-hesaplarını-getirme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to get program accounts (Program hesaplarını getirme)</h2><p>Bir programa ait tüm account'ları geri döndürür. <code>getProgramAccounts</code> ve yapılandırması hakkında daha fazla bilgi için <a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="">kılavuzlar</a> bölümüne bakın.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PublicKey <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Accounts for program </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
// Output
Accounts for program 6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U:
[
{
account: {
data: <Buffer 60 06 66 ca 2c 1d c7 85 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fc>,
executable: false,
lamports: 1064880,
owner: [PublicKey],
rentEpoch: 228
},
pubkey: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: 82fc5b91154dc5c840cb464ba6a89212d0fd789367c0a1488fb1941d78f9727a>
}
},
{
account: {
data: <Buffer 60 06 66 ca 2c 1d c7 85 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fd>,
executable: false,
lamports: 1064880,
owner: [PublicKey],
rentEpoch: 229
},
pubkey: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: 404dc1fe368cf194f20cf3c681a071c61893ced98f65cda12ba5a147e984e669>
}
}
]
*/</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-close-accounts-account-ları-kapatma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-close-accounts-account-ları-kapatma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to close accounts (Account’ları kapatma)</h2><p>Tüm SOL'leri kaldırarak bir account'ı kapatabilirsiniz (depolanan tüm verileri silebilirsiniz). (daha fazla bilgi için <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">rent<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>’e bakabilirsiniz.)</p><h4 id="program-2" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#program-2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Program</h4><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> dest_starting_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>dest_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> dest_starting_lamports
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">checked_add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lamports<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> source_data <span class="token operator">=</span> source_account_info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
source_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fill</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><h4 id="client-2" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#client-2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Client</h4><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1. create an account to your program</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> createNewAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.1 SOL</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// a random value</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2. close your account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> closeAccountTx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> newAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-get-account-balance-account-bakiyesi-getirme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-get-account-balance-account-bakiyesi-getirme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to get account balance (Account bakiyesi getirme)</h2><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> SOL</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p><strong>İPUCU</strong></p><p>Bir token bakiyesi almak istiyorsanız, token account'ının adresini bilmeniz gerekir. Daha fazla bilgi için bkz. <a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="">Token Referansları</a></p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: rukiyebeyzasarikaya@hotmail.com">rbeyzas</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Cookbook"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Cookbook <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Temel Kavramlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs (Programlar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs (Programlar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions (İşlemler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions (İşlemler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Kılavuzlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data (Serileştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data (Serileştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları)"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referanslar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a 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Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/programs.html#how-to-transfer-sol-in-a-program-programda-sol-aktarma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to transfer SOL in a program (Programda SOL aktarma)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to transfer SOL in a program (Programda SOL aktarma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/programs.html#how-to-get-clock-in-a-program-programlarda-saat" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to get clock in a program (Programlarda saat)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to get clock in a program (Programlarda saat) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/programs.html#passing-clock-as-an-account-inside-an-instruction-saati-bir-intstruction-icinde-bir-hesap-olarak-gecirme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Passing Clock as an account inside an instruction (Saati bir intstruction içinde bir hesap olarak geçirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Passing Clock as an account inside an instruction (Saati bir intstruction içinde bir hesap olarak geçirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/programs.html#accessing-clock-directly-inside-an-instruction-saate-dogrudan-bir-instruction-icinden-erisme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Accessing Clock directly inside an instruction (Saate doğrudan bir instruction içinden erişme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accessing Clock directly inside an instruction (Saate doğrudan bir instruction içinden erişme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/programs.html#how-to-change-account-size-account-boyutu-degistirme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to change account size (Account boyutu değiştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to change account size (Account boyutu değiştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/programs.html#how-to-do-cross-program-invocation-capraz-program-cagırma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to do Cross Program Invocation (Çapraz Program Çağırma)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to do Cross Program Invocation (Çapraz Program Çağırma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/programs.html#how-to-create-a-pda-pda-olusturma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to create a PDA (PDA oluşturma)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to create a PDA (PDA oluşturma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/programs.html#how-to-read-accounts-account-ları-okuma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to read accounts (Account’ları okuma)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to read accounts (Account’ları okuma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/programs.html#how-to-verify-accounts-account-ları-dogrulama" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to verify accounts (Account’ları doğrulama)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to verify accounts (Account’ları doğrulama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/programs.html#how-to-read-multiple-instructions-from-a-transaction-islemdeki-coklu-talimatları-okuma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to read multiple instructions from a transaction (İşlemdeki çoklu talimatları okuma)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to read multiple instructions from a transaction (İşlemdeki çoklu talimatları okuma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="writing-programs-programları-yazma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#writing-programs-programları-yazma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)</h1><h2 id="how-to-transfer-sol-in-a-program-programda-sol-aktarma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-transfer-sol-in-a-program-programda-sol-aktarma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to transfer SOL in a program (Programda SOL aktarma)</h2><p>Solana Programınız, Sistem programını 'çağırmadan', lamp’ları bir account'tan diğerine aktarabilir. Temel kural, programınızın, programınızın sahip olduğu herhangi bir account'tan herhangi bir account'a lamp aktarabilmesidir.</p><p>Alıcı account'ının, programınıza ait bir account olması gerekmez.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Transfers lamports from one account (must be program owned)</span>
<span class="token comment">/// to another account. The recipient can by any account</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">transfer_service_fee_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
from_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
to_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
amount_of_lamports<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Does the from account have enough lamports to transfer?</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>from_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator"><</span> amount_of_lamports <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">CustomError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InsufficientFundsForTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Debit from_account and credit to_account</span>
<span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>from_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_mut_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">-=</span> amount_of_lamports<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span>to_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_borrow_mut_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">+=</span> amount_of_lamports<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Primary function handler associated with instruction sent</span>
<span class="token comment">/// to your program</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">instruction_handler</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Get the 'from' and 'to' accounts</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> from_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> to_service_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Extract a service 'fee' of 5 lamports for performing this instruction</span>
<span class="token function">transfer_service_fee_lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>from_account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> to_service_account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Perform the primary instruction</span>
<span class="token comment">// ... etc.</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-get-clock-in-a-program-programlarda-saat" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-get-clock-in-a-program-programlarda-saat" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to get clock in a program (Programlarda saat)</h2><p>Saat’e erişmek iki şekilde yapılabilir:</p><ol><li><code>SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</code>'i bir talimat içinde bir hesap olarak geçirme</li><li>Saate doğrudan bir talimatın içinden erişme.</li></ol><p>Her iki yöntemi de bilmek güzel, çünkü bazı eski programlar hala <code>SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</code>'i bir account olarak bekliyor.</p><h3 id="passing-clock-as-an-account-inside-an-instruction-saati-bir-intstruction-icinde-bir-hesap-olarak-gecirme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#passing-clock-as-an-account-inside-an-instruction-saati-bir-intstruction-icinde-bir-hesap-olarak-gecirme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Passing Clock as an account inside an instruction (Saati bir intstruction içinde bir hesap olarak geçirme)</h3><p>Başlatma ve sysvar pubkey için bir account alan bir talimat oluşturalım.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>sysvar_clock_pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p>Şimdi saatin sysvar genel adresini client aracılığıyla iletiyoruz.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"77ezihTV6mTh2Uf3ggwbYF2NyGJJ5HHah1GrdowWJVD3"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Passing Clock Sys Var</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> passClockIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_signer<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
is_writable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>passClockIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><h3 id="accessing-clock-directly-inside-an-instruction-saate-dogrudan-bir-instruction-icinden-erisme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#accessing-clock-directly-inside-an-instruction-saate-dogrudan-bir-instruction-icinden-erisme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Accessing Clock directly inside an instruction (Saate doğrudan bir instruction içinden erişme)</h3><p>Aynı komutu client tarafında <code>SYSVAR_CLOCK_PUBKEY</code> beklemeden oluşturalım.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> clock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Clock</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> current_timestamp <span class="token operator">=</span> clock<span class="token punctuation">.</span>unix_timestamp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p>Client tarafı talimatı, şimdi yalnızca devlet ve ödeyen account'ları iletmesi gerekiyor.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"4ZEdbCtb5UyCSiAMHV5eSHfyjq3QwbG3yXb6oHD7RYjk"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// No more requirement to pass clock sys var key</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> initAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
helloAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Transaction succeeded. TxHash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-change-account-size-account-boyutu-degistirme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-change-account-size-account-boyutu-degistirme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to change account size (Account boyutu değiştirme)</h2><p><code>Realloc</code>'u kullanarak bir programa ait account'ın boyutunu değiştirebilirsiniz. <code>realloc</code>, bir account'ı 10 KB'a kadar yeniden boyutlandırabilir. Bir account'ın boyutunu artırmak için <code>realloc</code>'u kullandığınızda, o account'ı rent’den muaf tutmak için lamp transferleri yapmanız gerekir.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">// adding a publickey to the account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> new_size <span class="token operator">=</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> new_minimum_balance <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_diff <span class="token operator">=</span> new_minimum_balance<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">saturating_sub</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lamports_diff<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">realloc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>new_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-do-cross-program-invocation-capraz-program-cagırma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-do-cross-program-invocation-capraz-program-cagırma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to do Cross Program Invocation (Çapraz Program Çağırma)</h2><p>Bir Cross Program Invocation(çapraz program çağırma), programımızın içine başka bir programın talimatını çağırmak için basitçe yerleştirilir. Açıklanacak en iyi örnek, Uniswap'ın <code>swap</code>(takas) işlevidir. <code>UniswapV2Router</code> sözleşmesi, takas için gerekli mantığı çağırır ve bir kişiden diğerine takas yapmak için <code>ERC20</code> sözleşmesinin transfer fonksiyonunu çağırır. Aynı şekilde, bir programın talimatını çok sayıda amaca sahip olarak adlandırabiliriz.</p><p><code>SPL Token Program's transfer</code> talimatı olan ilk örneğimize bir göz atalım. Bir transferin gerçekleşmesi için ihtiyaç duyacağımız gerekli account'lar:</p><ol><li>Kaynak Simge Hesabı (Tokenlarımızı tuttuğumuz account)</li><li>Hedef Token Hesabı (Tokenlarımızı aktaracağımız account)</li><li>Kaynak Token Hesabı Sahibi (İmzalayacağımız cüzdan adresimiz)</li></ol><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> token_transfer_amount <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> transfer_tokens_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>token_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span>source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
token_transfer_amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_transfer <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
source_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
destination_token_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
source_token_account_holder<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>transfer_tokens_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>required_accounts_for_transfer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><p>İlgili müşteri talimatı aşağıdaki gibi olacaktır. Mint ve token oluşturma talimatlarını öğrenmek için lütfen yakındaki kodun tamamına bakın.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"EfYK91eN3AqTwY1C34W6a33qGAtQ8HJYVhNv7cV4uMZj"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTokensIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_TRANSFER_AMOUNT_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transferTokensIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_MINT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">SOURCE_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">DESTINATION_TOKEN_ACCOUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Token transfer CPI success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br></div></div><p>Şimdi <code>Sistem Programının create_account</code> komutu olan başka bir örneğe bakalım. Yukarıda belirtilen talimat ile bu arasında küçük bir fark vardır. Orada, <code>token_program</code>'ı çağırma işlevi içindeki account'lardan biri olarak geçmek zorunda kalmadık. Ancak, çağıran talimatın <code>program_id</code>'sini iletmeniz gereken istisnalar vardır. Bizim durumumuzda bu, <code>Sistem Programının</code> program_id'si olacaktır. ("111111111111111111111111111111111"). Yani şimdi gerekli account'lar:</p><ol><li>Rent’i ödeyen account</li><li>Oluşturulacak account</li><li>Sistem Programı account'ı</li></ol><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> account_span <span class="token operator">=</span> instruction_data
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">and_then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>slice<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> slice<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>from_le_bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ok_or</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> lamports_required <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_span <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> create_account_instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account_span<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> required_accounts_for_create <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
general_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>create_account_instruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>required_accounts_for_create<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br></div></div><p>İlgili client tarafı kodu aşağıdaki gibi görünecektir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"DkuQ5wsndkzXfgqDB6Lgf4sDjBi4gkLSak1dM5Mn2RuQ"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Airdropping some SOL</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Our program's CPI instruction (create_account)</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> creataAccountIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SPACE_BUFFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Adding up all the above instructions</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>creataAccountIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">GENERAL_STATE_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Create Account CPI Success: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>txHash<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-create-a-pda-pda-olusturma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-create-a-pda-pda-olusturma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to create a PDA (PDA oluşturma)</h2><p>Program Derived Address (Programdan Türetilmiş Adres), yalnızca programa ait bir account'tır, ancak private key’i yoktur. Bunun yerine imzası bir dizi seed ve bir artış (eğrinin dışında olduğundan emin olan bir nonce) ile elde edilir. Bir Program Adresini "<strong>Üretmek</strong>", onu "oluşturmaktan" farklıdır. Bir PDA'yı <code>Pubkey::find_program_address</code> kullanarak üretebilirsiniz. Bir PDA oluşturmak, esasen, adresi boşlukla başlatmak ve durumu ona ayarlamak anlamına gelir. Programımızın dışında normal bir Keypair account'ı oluşturulabilir ve ardından durumunu başlatmak için verilebilir. Ne yazık ki PDA'lar için kendi adına imza alamama özelliğinden dolayı zincir üzerinde oluşturulması gerekir. Bu nedenle, PDA'nın seed’lerini iletmek için <code>invoke_signed</code>'ı kullanırız ve PDA'nın account oluşturulmasıyla sonuçlanan fon account'ının imzasını kullanırız.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> create_pda_account_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports_required<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_DATA_LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>create_pda_account_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>funding_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pda_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>signers_seeds<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><p>Aşağıdaki gibi client üzerinden gerekli account'lar gönderilebilir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> programId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"6eW5nnSosr2LpkUGCdznsjRGDhVb26tLmiM1P8RV1QQp"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"customaddress"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> createPDAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>createPDAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> txHash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">PAYER_KEYPAIR</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-read-accounts-account-ları-okuma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-read-accounts-account-ları-okuma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to read accounts (Account’ları okuma)</h2><p>Solana'daki hemen hemen tüm instruction’lar, en az 2 - 3 account gerektirecektir ve instruction işleyicileri üzerinde, bu account kümesinin hangi sırayla beklendiği bilgisini içerecektir. Hesapları manuel olarak indekslemek yerine Rust'ta <code>iter()</code> yönteminden faydalanarak bu basitçe yapılabilir.<code>next_account_info</code> yöntemi, temel olarak ilk indeksini böler ve account’lar array’i içinde bulunan account’ı döndürür. Bir grup account bekleyen ve her birinin parse edilmesini gerektiren basit bir instrucion görelim:</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
_program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Fetching all the accounts as a iterator (facilitating for loops and iterations)</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Payer account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Hello state account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Rent account</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// System Program</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-verify-accounts-account-ları-dogrulama" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-verify-accounts-account-ları-dogrulama" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to verify accounts (Account’ları doğrulama)</h2><p>Solana'daki programlar stateless olduğundan, bir program yaratıcısı olarak, herhangi bir kötü niyetli account girişini önlemek için aktarılan account’ların mümkün olduğunca doğrulandığından emin olmalıyız. Bir kişinin yapabileceği temel kontroller şunlardır:</p><ol><li>Beklenen signer account’ın gerçekten imzalanıp imzalanmadığını kontrol edin</li><li>Beklenen state account’ın yazılabilir olarak kontrol edilip edilmediğini kontrol edin</li><li>Beklenen state account’ın sahibinin aranan program kimliği olup olmadığını kontrol edin</li><li>State’i ilk kez başlatıyorsanız, account’ın zaten başlatılıp başlatılmadığını kontrol edin.</li><li>Geçilen herhangi bir cross program kimliğinin (gerektiğinde) beklendiği gibi olup olmadığını kontrol edin.</li></ol><p>Yukarıda belirtilen kontrollerle birlikte bir state account’ı başlatan temel bir talimat aşağıda tanımlanmıştır.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_instruction_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> payer_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> hello_state_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Checking if payer account is the signer</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>payer_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is rent exempt</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_exempt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">lamports</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountNotRentExempt</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account is writable</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Checking if hello state account's owner is the current program</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>program_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IllegalOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Checking if the system program is valid</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token constant">SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">IncorrectProgramId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">HelloState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Checking if the state has already been initialized</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
hello_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> hello_state_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Account initialized :)"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-read-multiple-instructions-from-a-transaction-islemdeki-coklu-talimatları-okuma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-read-multiple-instructions-from-a-transaction-islemdeki-coklu-talimatları-okuma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to read multiple instructions from a transaction (İşlemdeki çoklu talimatları okuma)</h2><p>Solana, mevcut işlemdeki tüm talimatlara göz atmamıza izin veriyor. Bunları bir değişkende saklayabilir ve üzerlerinde yineleyebiliriz. Bununla, şüpheli işlemleri kontrol etmek gibi birçok şey yapabiliriz.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> num_instructions <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> idx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>_<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token class-name">MyError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">NoInstructionFound</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> index <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>num_instructions <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> current <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>index <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> start <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
current <span class="token operator">=</span> start <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> num_accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">read_u16</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> current<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>instruction_sysvar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
current <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>num_accounts <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: rukiyebeyzasarikaya@hotmail.com">rbeyzas</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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<!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Başlarken <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Cookbook"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Cookbook <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Temel Kavramlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs (Programlar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs (Programlar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions (İşlemler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions (İşlemler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Kılavuzlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data (Serileştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data (Serileştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları)"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referanslar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/local-development.html#starting-a-local-validator-yerel-validator-baslatma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Starting a local validator (Yerel validator başlatma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Starting a local validator (Yerel validator başlatma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/local-development.html#connecting-to-environments-ortamlara-baglanma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Connecting to Environments (Ortamlara Bağlanma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Connecting to Environments (Ortamlara Bağlanma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/local-development.html#subscribing-to-events-event-lere-abone-olma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Subscribing to Events (Event’lere Abone Olma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Subscribing to Events (Event’lere Abone Olma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/local-development.html#getting-test-sol-test-sol-edinme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Getting Test SOL (Test SOL Edinme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Getting Test SOL (Test SOL Edinme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/local-development.html#using-mainnet-accounts-and-programs-mainnet-account-ve-programlarını-kullanma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Using Mainnet Accounts and Programs (Mainnet Account ve Programlarını Kullanma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Using Mainnet Accounts and Programs (Mainnet Account ve Programlarını Kullanma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/local-development.html#how-to-load-accounts-from-mainnet-account-lar-mainnet-ten-nasıl-yuklenir" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to load accounts from mainnet (Account’lar mainnet’ten nasıl yüklenir)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to load accounts from mainnet (Account’lar mainnet’ten nasıl yüklenir) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/local-development.html#how-to-load-programs-from-mainnet-programlar-mainnet-ten-nasıl-yuklenir" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to load programs from mainnet (Programlar mainnet’ten nasıl yüklenir)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to load programs from mainnet (Programlar mainnet’ten nasıl yüklenir) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="local-development-yerel-gelistirme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#local-development-yerel-gelistirme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme)</h1><h2 id="starting-a-local-validator-yerel-validator-baslatma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#starting-a-local-validator-yerel-validator-baslatma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Starting a local validator (Yerel validator başlatma)</h2><p>Program kodunuzu yerel olarak test etmek, devnet'te test etmekten çok daha güvenilir olabilir ve onu devnet'te denemeden önce test etmenize yardımcı olabilir.</p><p><a href="/getting-started/installation.html#install-cli" class="">solana tool suite</a> yükleyerek ve çalıştırarak yerel test doğrulayıcınızı kurabilirsiniz.</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Yerel test doğrulayıcı kullanmanın faydaları şunları içerir:</p><ul><li>RPC hız sınırı yoktur</li><li>Airdrop limiti yoktur</li><li>Doğrudan zincir üzerinde program dağıtımı yapılır (--bpf-program ...)</li><li>Programlar da dahil olmak üzere genel bir kümeden account'ları klonlayabilirsiniz (--clone ...)</li><li>Yapılandırılabilir işlem geçmişi saklarsınız (--limit-ledger-size ...)</li><li>Epoch uzunluğu yapılandırılabilir (--slots-per-epoch ...)</li><li>İsteğe bağlı bir slota atlayabilirsiniz (--warp-slot ...)</li></ul><h2 id="connecting-to-environments-ortamlara-baglanma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#connecting-to-environments-ortamlara-baglanma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Connecting to Environments (Ortamlara Bağlanma)</h2><p>Solana geliştirme üzerinde çalışırken, belirli bir RPC API uç noktasına bağlanmanız gerekecektir. Solana'nın 3 genel geliştirme ortamı vardır:</p><ul><li>mainnet-beta https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com</li><li>devnet https://api.devnet.solana.com</li><li>testnet https://api.testnet.solana.com</li></ul><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>Son olarak, aşağıdakilerle yerel veya uzaktan çalışan özel bir kümeye de bağlanabilirsiniz:</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"http://127.0.0.1:8899"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h2 id="subscribing-to-events-event-lere-abone-olma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#subscribing-to-events-event-lere-abone-olma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Subscribing to Events (Event’lere Abone Olma)</h2><p>Web yuvaları, belirli olayları dinleyebileceğiniz bir pub/sub arabirimi sağlar. Sık güncellemeler almak için belirli aralıklarla tipik bir HTTP uç noktasına ping atmak yerine, bu güncellemeleri yalnızca gerçekleştiğinde alabilirsiniz.</p><p>Solana'nın başlık altındaki web3 <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>Connection</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>(bağlantıs)ı, bir websocket uç noktası oluşturur ve yeni bir <code>Connection</code> örneği oluşturduğunuzda bir websocket client’ı kaydeder (<a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-web3.js/blob/45923ca00e4cc1ed079d8e55ecbee83e5b4dc174/src/connection.ts#L2100" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">burada<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>ki kaynak koduna bakın).</p><p>Connection sınıfı, pub/sub yöntemlerini ortaya çıkarır - hepsi olay yayıcılar gibi on ile başlar. Bu dinleyici yöntemlerini çağırdığınızda, o Connection örneğinin websocket client’a yeni bir abonelik kaydeder. Aşağıda kullandığımız örnek pub/sub yöntemi <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#onAccountChange" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>onAccountChange</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>'dir. Geri arama, güncellenmiş durum verilerini bağımsız değişkenler aracılığıyla sağlayacaktır (örnek olarak <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/modules.html#AccountChangeCallback" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>AccountChangeCallback</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>'e bakın).</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Establish new connect to devnet - websocket client connected to devnet will also be registered here</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Create a test wallet to listen to</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Register a callback to listen to the wallet (ws subscription)</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">onAccountChange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">publicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span>updatedAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> context<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Updated account info: "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> updatedAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"confirmed"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><h2 id="getting-test-sol-test-sol-edinme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#getting-test-sol-test-sol-edinme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Getting Test SOL (Test SOL Edinme)</h2><p>Yerel olarak çalışırken, işlem göndermek için biraz SOL'ye ihtiyacınız vardır. Mainnet olmayan ortamlarda, SOL'u adresinize airdropla göndererek alabilirsiniz.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> airdropSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">requestAirdrop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">confirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>airdropSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><h2 id="using-mainnet-accounts-and-programs-mainnet-account-ve-programlarını-kullanma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#using-mainnet-accounts-and-programs-mainnet-account-ve-programlarını-kullanma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Using Mainnet Accounts and Programs (Mainnet Account ve Programlarını Kullanma)</h2><p>Çoğu zaman, yerel testler yalnızca ana ağda bulunan programlara ve account'lara dayanır. Solana CLI her ikisine de izin verir:</p><ul><li>Programları ve Hesapları İndirin</li><li>Programları ve Hesapları yerel bir doğrulayıcıya yükleyin</li></ul><h3 id="how-to-load-accounts-from-mainnet-account-lar-mainnet-ten-nasıl-yuklenir" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-load-accounts-from-mainnet-account-lar-mainnet-ten-nasıl-yuklenir" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to load accounts from mainnet (Account’lar mainnet’ten nasıl yüklenir)</h3><p>SRM token mint account’ını dosyaya indirmek mümkündür:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>solana account -u m --output json-compact --output-file SRM_token.json SRMuApVNdxXokk5GT7XD5cUUgXMBCoAz2LHeuAoKWRt
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>Doğrulayıcıyı başlatırken account'ın dosya ve hedef adresini (yerel kümede) ileterek yerel ağınıza yükleme yapılır:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>solana-test-validator --account SRMuApVNdxXokk5GT7XD5cUUgXMBCoAz2LHeuAoKWRt SRM_token.json --reset
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h3 id="how-to-load-programs-from-mainnet-programlar-mainnet-ten-nasıl-yuklenir" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-load-programs-from-mainnet-programlar-mainnet-ten-nasıl-yuklenir" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to load programs from mainnet (Programlar mainnet’ten nasıl yüklenir)</h3><p>Benzer şekilde Serum Dex v3 programını da indirmek mümkündür:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>solana program dump -u m 9xQeWvG816bUx9EPjHmaT23yvVM2ZWbrrpZb9PusVFin serum_dex_v3.so
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>Yerel ağınıza yükleme, doğrulayıcıyı başlatırken programın dosya ve hedef adresini (yerel kümede) ileterek yapılır:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>solana-test-validator --bpf-program 9xQeWvG816bUx9EPjHmaT23yvVM2ZWbrrpZb9PusVFin serum_dex_v3.so --reset
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: rukiyebeyzasarikaya@hotmail.com">rbeyzas</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----><span class="next"><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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<!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Temel Kavramlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs (Programlar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs (Programlar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions (İşlemler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions (İşlemler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) 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(Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/nfts.html#how-to-create-an-nft-nft-olusturma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to create an NFT (NFT oluşturma)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to create an NFT (NFT oluşturma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/nfts.html#upload-to-arweave-arwave-e-yukleme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Upload to Arweave (Arwave’e yükleme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Upload to Arweave (Arwave’e yükleme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/nfts.html#mint-the-nft-nft-mint" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Mint the NFT (NFT Mint)"><!--[--><!--]--> Mint the NFT (NFT Mint) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/nfts.html#how-to-get-nft-metadata-nft-metadata-yı-getirme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to get NFT Metadata (NFT Metadata’yı getirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to get NFT Metadata (NFT Metadata’yı getirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/nfts.html#how-to-get-the-owner-of-an-nft-bir-nft-nin-sahibini-getirme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to get the owner of an NFT (Bir NFT’nin sahibini getirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to get the owner of an NFT (Bir NFT’nin sahibini getirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/nfts.html#how-to-get-nft-mint-addresses-nft-mint-adres-lerini-getirme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to get NFT Mint Addresses (NFT Mint Adres’lerini getirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to get NFT Mint Addresses (NFT Mint Adres’lerini getirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/nfts.html#candy-machine-v1" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Candy Machine V1"><!--[--><!--]--> Candy Machine V1 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/nfts.html#candy-machine-v2" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Candy Machine V2"><!--[--><!--]--> Candy Machine V2 <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/nfts.html#how-to-get-all-nfts-from-a-wallet-bir-cuzdandan-tum-nft-leri-alma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to get all NFTs from a wallet? (Bir cüzdandan tüm NFT’leri alma)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to get all NFTs from a wallet? (Bir cüzdandan tüm NFT’leri alma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="non-fungible-tokens-nfts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#non-fungible-tokens-nfts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)</h1><h2 id="how-to-create-an-nft-nft-olusturma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-create-an-nft-nft-olusturma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to create an NFT (NFT oluşturma)</h2><p>Bir NFT oluşturmak için yapmanız gerekenler:</p><ol><li>Resmi bir IPFS'e yükleyin (Arweave gibi)</li><li>Json meta verilerini IPFS'ye yükleyin (Arweave gibi)</li><li>NFT için bir account oluşturmak üzere metaplex'i çağırın (call)</li></ol><h3 id="upload-to-arweave-arwave-e-yukleme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#upload-to-arweave-arwave-e-yukleme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Upload to Arweave (Arwave’e yükleme)</h3><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1. Upload image to Arweave</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"./code/nfts/arweave-upload/lowres-dog.png"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> data<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Content-Type"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"image/png"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> wallet <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"wallet.json"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"utf-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>response<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> id <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> imageUrl <span class="token operator">=</span> id <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">https://arweave.net/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>id<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2. Upload metadata to Arweave</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataRequest <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stringify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> metadataRequest<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addTag</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Content-Type"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"application/json"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> arweave<span class="token punctuation">.</span>transactions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataTransaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br></div></div><h3 id="mint-the-nft-nft-mint" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#mint-the-nft-nft-mint" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Mint the NFT (NFT Mint)</h3><p>Resim ve meta veri yüklediğinizde, NFT'yi aşağıdaki kodla mint edebilirsiniz(basabilirsiniz).</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mintNFTResponse <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
uri<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"https://ffaaqinzhkt4ukhbohixfliubnvpjgyedi3f2iccrq4efh3s.arweave.net/KUAIIbk6p8oo4XHRcq0U__C2r0mwQaNl0gQow4Qp9yk"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
maxSupply<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>::: Not Cüzdanınızdan farklı bir içerik oluşturucu ile NFT basamazsınız. İçerik oluşturucu sorunlarıyla karşılaşırsanız meta verilerinizin sizi içerik oluşturucu olarak listelediğinden emin olun. :::</p><h2 id="how-to-get-nft-metadata-nft-metadata-yı-getirme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-get-nft-metadata-nft-metadata-yı-getirme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to get NFT Metadata (NFT Metadata’yı getirme)</h2><p>Metaplex NFT'ler, Arweave'de depolanan meta verilere sahiptir. Arweave meta verilerini almak için Metaplex PDA'yı almanız ve account verilerini decode etmeniz gerekir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Ay1U9DWphDgc7hq58Yj1yHabt91zTzvV2YJbAWkPNbaK"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> nft <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findByMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nft<span class="token punctuation">.</span>metadata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-get-the-owner-of-an-nft-bir-nft-nin-sahibini-getirme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-get-the-owner-of-an-nft-bir-nft-nin-sahibini-getirme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to get the owner of an NFT (Bir NFT’nin sahibini getirme)</h2><p>Bir NFT'nin mint anahtarına sahipseniz, o mint anahtarı için en büyük token account'ına göz atarak mevcut sahibini bulabilirsiniz.</p><p>NFT'lerin tek arzı olduğunu ve bölünemez olduklarını unutmayın; bu, herhangi bir zamanda yalnızca bir token account'ının o token’ı tutacağı ve bu mint anahtarı için diğer tüm token account'larının 0 bakiyesi olacağı anlamına gelir.</p><p>En büyük token account'ı belirlendiğinde, sahibini alabiliriz.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tokenMint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"9ARngHhVaCtH5JFieRdSS5Y8cdZk2TMF4tfGSWFB9iSK"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> largestAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTokenLargestAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> largestAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
largestAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>address
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>largestAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parsed<span class="token punctuation">.</span>info<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-get-nft-mint-addresses-nft-mint-adres-lerini-getirme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-get-nft-mint-addresses-nft-mint-adres-lerini-getirme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to get NFT Mint Addresses (NFT Mint Adres’lerini getirme)</h2><p>Candy Machine’in public key’ini biliyorsanız, aşağıdaki kodu kullanarak o Candy Machine’den üretilen tüm NFT mint adreslerinin listesini alabilirsiniz. Aşağıdaki <code>memcmp</code> filtresini kullanabileceğimizi unutmayın, çünkü v1'de ilk oluşturucu her zaman Candy Machine'in adresidir.</p><h3 id="candy-machine-v1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#candy-machine-v1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Candy Machine V1</h3><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">getMintAddresses</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>firstCreatorAddress<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> metadataAccounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// The mint address is located at byte 33 and lasts for 32 bytes.</span>
dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">33</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token comment">// Only get Metadata accounts.</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MAX_METADATA_LEN</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Filter using the first creator.</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">CREATOR_ARRAY_START</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> firstCreatorAddress<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> metadataAccounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>metadataAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">getMintAddresses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><h3 id="candy-machine-v2" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#candy-machine-v2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Candy Machine V2</h3><p>Bir Candy Machine v2 kullanıyorsanız, öncelikle <code>candy_machine</code> kullanan basit bir PDA olan "Candy Machine Creator" adresine ve seed olarak Candy Machine v2 adresine erişmeniz gerekir. İçerik oluşturucu adresini aldıktan sonra, onu v1'de kullandığımız şekilde kullanabilirsiniz.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> getCandyMachineCreator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
candyMachine<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">number</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">=></span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"candy_machine"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> candyMachine<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">CANDY_MACHINE_V2_PROGRAM</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> candyMachineCreator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getCandyMachineCreator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">getMintAddresses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>candyMachineCreator<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-get-all-nfts-from-a-wallet-bir-cuzdandan-tum-nft-leri-alma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-get-all-nfts-from-a-wallet-bir-cuzdandan-tum-nft-leri-alma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to get all NFTs from a wallet? (Bir cüzdandan tüm NFT’leri alma)</h2><p>Bir cüzdandan tüm NFT'leri alırken, tüm token account'larını almanız ve ardından hangilerinin NFT olduğunu ayrıştırmanız gerekir. Bunların hepsi Metaplex js kitaplığındaki <a href="https://github.com/metaplex-foundation/js/blob/248b61baf89a69b88f9a461e32b1cbd54a9b0a18/src/programs/metadata/accounts/Metadata.ts#L220-L236" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>findDataByOwner</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> kullanılarak yapılabilir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keypair <span class="token operator">=</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> metaplex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Metaplex</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">keypairIdentity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"2R4bHmSBHkHAskerTHE6GE1Fxbn31kaD5gHqpsPySVd7"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> allNFTs <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> metaplex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nfts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAllByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allNFTs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: rukiyebeyzasarikaya@hotmail.com">rbeyzas</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs (Programlar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs (Programlar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions (İşlemler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions (İşlemler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Kılavuzlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data (Serileştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data (Serileştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları)"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referanslar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html#how-to-send-sol-sol-nasıl-gonderilir" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to send SOL (SOL nasıl gönderilir)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to send SOL (SOL nasıl gönderilir) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html#how-to-send-spl-tokens-spl-token-lar-nasıl-gonderilir" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to send SPL-Tokens (SPL-Token’lar nasıl gönderilir)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to send SPL-Tokens (SPL-Token’lar nasıl gönderilir) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html#how-to-calculate-transaction-cost-islem-maliyeti-nasıl-hesaplanır" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to calculate transaction cost (İşlem maliyeti nasıl hesaplanır)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to calculate transaction cost (İşlem maliyeti nasıl hesaplanır) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html#getestimatedfee" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="getEstimatedFee"><!--[--><!--]--> getEstimatedFee <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html#getfeeformessage" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="getFeeForMessage"><!--[--><!--]--> getFeeForMessage <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html#how-to-add-a-memo-to-a-transaction-bir-isleme-mesaj-nasıl-eklenir" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to add a memo to a transaction (Bir işleme mesaj nasıl eklenir)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to add a memo to a transaction (Bir işleme mesaj nasıl eklenir) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html#how-to-change-compute-budget-fee-priority-for-a-transaction-bir-islem-icin-islem-butcesi-bedeli-ve-onceligi-nasıl-degistirilir" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to change compute budget, fee, & priority for a transaction (Bir işlem için işlem bütçesi, bedeli ve önceliği nasıl değiştirilir)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to change compute budget, fee, & priority for a transaction (Bir işlem için işlem bütçesi, bedeli ve önceliği nasıl değiştirilir) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="sending-transactions-islem-gonderimi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#sending-transactions-islem-gonderimi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)</h1><h2 id="how-to-send-sol-sol-nasıl-gonderilir" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-send-sol-sol-nasıl-gonderilir" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to send SOL (SOL nasıl gönderilir)</h2><p>SOL göndermek için <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#system-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SystemProgram<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ile etkileşime geçmeniz gerekir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> lamportsToSend<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-send-spl-tokens-spl-token-lar-nasıl-gonderilir" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-send-spl-tokens-spl-token-lar-nasıl-gonderilir" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to send SPL-Tokens (SPL-Token’lar nasıl gönderilir)</h2><p>SPL Tokenlarını aktarmak için <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#system-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Token Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>ını kullanın. Bir SPL token göndermek için, onun SPL token account adresini bilmeniz gerekir. Aşağıdaki örnekle hem adresi alabilir hem de token gönderebilirsiniz.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Add token transfer instructions to transaction</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">web3</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
splToken<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Token<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
splToken<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fromTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Sign transaction, broadcast, and confirm</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> web3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fromWallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-calculate-transaction-cost-islem-maliyeti-nasıl-hesaplanır" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-calculate-transaction-cost-islem-maliyeti-nasıl-hesaplanır" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to calculate transaction cost (İşlem maliyeti nasıl hesaplanır)</h2><p>Bir işlemin gerektirdiği imza sayısı, işlem maliyetini hesaplamak için kullanılır. Hesap oluşturmadığınız sürece, bu son işlem maliyeti olacaktır. Hesap oluşturma maliyetleri hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinmek için <a href="/tr/references/accounts.html#calculating-rent-exemption" class="">rent muafiyetinin hesaplanması</a>na bakın.</p><p>Aşağıdaki iki örnek, tahmini işlem maliyetini hesaplamak için şu anda mevcut olan iki yolu göstermektedir.</p><p>İlk örnek, <code>Transaction</code> sınıfında yeni bir yöntem olan <code>getEstimatedFee</code>'yi kullanırken, ikinci örnek, <code>Connection</code> sınıfında <code>getFeeCalculatorForBlockhash</code>'in yerini alan <code>getFeeForMessage</code>'ı kullanır.</p><h3 id="getestimatedfee" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#getestimatedfee" aria-hidden="true">#</a> getEstimatedFee</h3><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getLatestBlockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
recentBlockhash<span class="token operator">:</span> recentBlockhash<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blockhash<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payee<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> fees <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getEstimatedFee</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Estimated SOL transfer cost: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>fees<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> lamports</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><h3 id="getfeeformessage" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#getfeeformessage" aria-hidden="true">#</a> getFeeForMessage</h3><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>messageParams<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> fees <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getFeeForMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Estimated SOL transfer cost: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>fees<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> lamports</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Estimated SOL transfer cost: 5000 lamports</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-add-a-memo-to-a-transaction-bir-isleme-mesaj-nasıl-eklenir" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-add-a-memo-to-a-transaction-bir-isleme-mesaj-nasıl-eklenir" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to add a memo to a transaction (Bir işleme mesaj nasıl eklenir)</h2><p>Herhangi bir işlem, <a href="https://spl.solana.com/memo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">memo program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>.ı kullanarak bir mesaj ekleyebilir. Şu anda Memo Programından <code>programID</code>'nin manuel olarak eklenmesi gerekiyor. <code>MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr</code></p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> transferTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> lamportsToSend<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Data to send in transaction"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"utf-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> transferTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fromKeypair<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-change-compute-budget-fee-priority-for-a-transaction-bir-islem-icin-islem-butcesi-bedeli-ve-onceligi-nasıl-degistirilir" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-change-compute-budget-fee-priority-for-a-transaction-bir-islem-icin-islem-butcesi-bedeli-ve-onceligi-nasıl-degistirilir" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to change compute budget, fee, & priority for a transaction (Bir işlem için işlem bütçesi, bedeli ve önceliği nasıl değiştirilir)</h2><p>İşlem (TX) önceliği, Baz Ücrete ek olarak bir Önceliklendirme Ücreti ödenerek elde edilir. Varsayılan olarak işlem bütçesi, maksimum 1,4M CU ile 200.000 İşlem Biriminin (CU) * talimat sayısının ürünüdür. Temel Ücret 5.000 Lamport'tur. Bir microLamport, 0,00001 Lamport'tur.</p><p>Tek bir TX için toplam işlem bütçesi veya Önceliklendirme Ücreti, ComputeBudgetProgram'dan talimatlar eklenerek değiştirilebilir.</p><p><code>ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitPrice({ microLamports: number })</code>, Temel Ücretin (5.000 Lamport) üzerine bir Önceliklendirme Ücreti ekleyecektir. MicroLamports'ta sağlanan değer, Lamports'ta Önceliklendirme Ücretini belirlemek için CU bütçesiyle çarpılacaktır. Örneğin, CU bütçeniz 1M CU ise ve 1 microLamport/CU eklerseniz, Önceliklendirme Ücreti 1 Lamport (1M * 0,000001) olacaktır. Toplam ücret daha sonra 5001 Lamport olacaktır.</p><p>Yeni işlem bütçesini ayarlamak için <code>ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitLimit({ units: number })</code> kullanın. Sağlanan değer, varsayılan değerin yerini alacaktır. İşlemler, verimi en üst düzeye çıkarmak veya ücretleri en aza indirmek için yürütme için gereken minimum CU miktarını talep etmelidir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> modifyComputeUnits <span class="token operator">=</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setComputeUnitLimit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
units<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1000000</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> addPriorityFee <span class="token operator">=</span> ComputeBudgetProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setComputeUnitPrice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
microLamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>modifyComputeUnits<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>addPriorityFee<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> payer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> toAccount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10000000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><p>Program Logs Örneği (<a href="https://explorer.solana.com/tx/2mNPXeoy3kFxo12L8avsEoep65S4Ehvw2sheduDrAXbmmNJwTtXNmUrb5MM3s15eki2MWSQrwyKGAUQFZ9wAGo9K/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Explorer<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>):</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>[ 1] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]
[ 2] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 success
[ 3]
[ 4] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]
[ 5] Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 success
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: rukiyebeyzasarikaya@hotmail.com">rbeyzas</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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(Programlar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs (Programlar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions (İşlemler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions (İşlemler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Kılavuzlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data (Serileştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data (Serileştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları)"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referanslar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/name-service.html#name-registry-name-kaydı" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Name registry (Name kaydı)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name registry (Name kaydı) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/name-service.html#resolving-sol-domains-sol-alan-adlarını-cozme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resolving SOL domains (SOL alan adlarını çözme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Resolving SOL domains (SOL alan adlarını çözme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/name-service.html#reverse-lookup-geriye-dogru-arama" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Reverse lookup (Geriye doğru arama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Reverse lookup (Geriye doğru arama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/name-service.html#subdomain-lookup-subdomain-arama" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Subdomain lookup (Subdomain arama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Subdomain lookup (Subdomain arama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/name-service.html#find-all-the-domain-names-owned-by-a-public-key-bir-public-key-in-sahip-oldugu-tum-isimleri-bulma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Find all the domain names owned by a public key (Bir public key’in sahip olduğu tüm isimleri bulma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Find all the domain names owned by a public key (Bir public key’in sahip olduğu tüm isimleri bulma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/name-service.html#resolve-a-twitter-handle-twitter-handle-ını-cozme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resolve a Twitter handle (Twitter handle’ını çözme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Resolve a Twitter handle (Twitter handle’ını çözme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/name-service.html#reverse-lookup-of-a-twitter-handle-twitter-handle-ını-geri-aratma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Reverse lookup of a Twitter handle (Twitter handle’ını geri aratma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Reverse lookup of a Twitter handle (Twitter handle’ını geri aratma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="name-service-name-servisi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#name-service-name-servisi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Name Service (Name Servisi)</h1><h2 id="name-registry-name-kaydı" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#name-registry-name-kaydı" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Name registry (Name kaydı)</h2><p>Name registry stores (ad kayıt defteri), alan adıyla ilgili bilgileri depolar. İki şeyden oluşur:</p><ul><li>Başlık</li><li>Veri</li></ul><p>Bir alan adının verilerinin önüne her zaman başlık eklenir, JS'deki başlığın yapısı aşağıdadır:</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">NameRegistryState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
parentName<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
owner<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token constant">HEADER_LEN</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">static</span> schema<span class="token operator">:</span> Schema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"struct"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"parentName"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"owner"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"class"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
parentName<span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
owner<span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">:</span> Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>parentName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>parentName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>class <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>class<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br></div></div><h2 id="resolving-sol-domains-sol-alan-adlarını-cozme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resolving-sol-domains-sol-alan-adlarını-cozme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resolving SOL domains (SOL alan adlarını çözme)</h2><p>.SOL alan adları, publicKey'lere dönüşen benzersiz, kullanıcı dostu alan adlarıdır. Birçok cüzdan, bunları token veya SOL göndermek için başka bir seçenek olarak kullanır. .SOL alan adlarını aşağıdakilerle publicKey'lerine dönüştürebilirsiniz:</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> domain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"levi.sol"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> hashedName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHashedName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>domain<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">".sol"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> nameAccountKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getNameAccountKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
hashedName<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"58PwtjSDuFHuUkYjH9BYnnQKHfwo9reZhC2zMJv9JPkx"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// SOL TLD Authority</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> owner <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">retrieve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"mainnet-beta"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
nameAccountKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span>registry<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// JUskoxS2PTiaBpxfGaAPgf3cUNhdeYFGMKdL6mZKKfR</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><h2 id="reverse-lookup-geriye-dogru-arama" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#reverse-lookup-geriye-dogru-arama" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Reverse lookup (Geriye doğru arama)</h2><p>Reverse lookup, alan adını public key’den çözmek için kullanılabilir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Public key of bonfida.sol</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> domainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Crf8hzfthWGbGbLTVCiqRqV5MVnbpHB1L9KQMd6gsinb"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> domainName <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">performReverseLookup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> domainKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// bonfida</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><h2 id="subdomain-lookup-subdomain-arama" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#subdomain-lookup-subdomain-arama" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Subdomain lookup (Subdomain arama)</h2><p>Bir subdomain’i çözmek için yapmanız gerekenler:</p><ol><li>Üst etki alanı anahtarını(parent domain key) alın</li><li>Alt alan anahtarını(subdomain key) alın</li><li>Hesap bilgilerini geri alın</li></ol><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> parentDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"bonfida"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> subDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"demo"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Step 1</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> hashedParentDomain <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHashedName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parentDomain<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> parentDomainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getNameAccountKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
hashedParentDomain<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">SOL_TLD_AUTHORITY</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Step 2</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> subDomainKey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getDNSRecordAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parentDomainKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> subDomain<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Step 3</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> registry <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NameRegistryState<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">retrieve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> subDomainKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><h2 id="find-all-the-domain-names-owned-by-a-public-key-bir-public-key-in-sahip-oldugu-tum-isimleri-bulma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#find-all-the-domain-names-owned-by-a-public-key-bir-public-key-in-sahip-oldugu-tum-isimleri-bulma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Find all the domain names owned by a public key (Bir public key’in sahip olduğu tüm isimleri bulma)</h2><p>Bir <code>memcmp</code> filtresiyle bir <code>getProgramAccounts</code> isteği yaparak bir cüzdanın tüm alan adlarını alabilirsiniz.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">findOwnedNameAccountsForUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
userAccount<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator"><</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> filters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> userAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">NAME_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
filters<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> a<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><h2 id="resolve-a-twitter-handle-twitter-handle-ını-cozme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resolve-a-twitter-handle-twitter-handle-ını-cozme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resolve a Twitter handle (Twitter handle’ını çözme)</h2><p><a href="https://naming.bonfida.org/#/twitter-registration" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Twitter handles Solana name service<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>’e kaydedilebilir ve .SOL alan adları gibi kullanılabilir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Pubkey of the wallet you want to retrieve the Twitter handle</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> pubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"FidaeBkZkvDqi1GXNEwB8uWmj9Ngx2HXSS5nyGRuVFcZ"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>handle<span class="token punctuation">,</span> registryKey<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getHandleAndRegistryKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><h2 id="reverse-lookup-of-a-twitter-handle-twitter-handle-ını-geri-aratma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#reverse-lookup-of-a-twitter-handle-twitter-handle-ını-geri-aratma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Reverse lookup of a Twitter handle (Twitter handle’ını geri aratma)</h2><p>Bir Twitter tanıtıcısıyla ilişkili SOL adresini bulmak için geriye doğru bir arama yapabilirsiniz.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> handle <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"bonfida"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> registry <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getTwitterRegistry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> handle<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: 61654922+GGULBAE@users.noreply.github.com">GGULBAE</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: rukiyebeyzasarikaya@hotmail.com">rbeyzas</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><!----></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs (Programlar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs (Programlar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions (İşlemler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions (İşlemler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Kılavuzlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data 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Testing (Özellik Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referanslar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html#sign-transaction-islem-imzalama" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Sign Transaction (İşlem İmzalama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sign Transaction (İşlem İmzalama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html#partial-sign-transaction-kısmi-imzalama" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Partial Sign Transaction (Kısmi İmzalama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Partial Sign Transaction (Kısmi İmzalama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html#durable-nonce-uzun-sureli-nonce" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Durable Nonce(Uzun Süreli Nonce)"><!--[--><!--]--> Durable Nonce(Uzun Süreli Nonce) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html#create-nonce-account-nonce-account-olusturma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Create Nonce Account (Nonce Account Oluşturma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Create Nonce Account (Nonce Account Oluşturma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html#get-nonce-account-nonce-account-getirme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Nonce Account (Nonce Account Getirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Nonce Account (Nonce Account Getirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html#use-nonce-account-nonce-account-kullanma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Use Nonce Account (Nonce Account Kullanma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Use Nonce Account (Nonce Account Kullanma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="offline-transaction-cevrimdısı-islem" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#offline-transaction-cevrimdısı-islem" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)</h1><h2 id="sign-transaction-islem-imzalama" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#sign-transaction-islem-imzalama" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Sign Transaction (İşlem İmzalama)</h2><p>Çevrimdışı bir işlem oluşturmak için işlemi imzalamanız gerekir ve ardından herkes bunu ağda yayınlayabilir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// there are two ways you can recover the tx</span>
<span class="token comment">// 3.a Recover Tranasction (use populate then addSignauture)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> recoverTx <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">populate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 4. Send transaction</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 3.b. Recover Tranasction (use populate with signature)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> recoverTx <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">populate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Message<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>realDataNeedToSign<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>feePayerSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
bs58<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>aliceSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 4. Send transaction</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>recoverTx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><h2 id="partial-sign-transaction-kısmi-imzalama" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#partial-sign-transaction-kısmi-imzalama" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Partial Sign Transaction (Kısmi İmzalama)</h2><p>Bir işlem birden fazla imza gerektirdiğinde, kısmen imzalayabilirsiniz. Diğer imzalayanlar daha sonra ağda imzalayabilir ve yayınlayabilir.</p><p>Bunun ne zaman yararlı olduğuna dair bazı örnekler:</p><ul><li>Ödeme karşılığında bir SPL token’ı gönderimi</li><li>Bir işlemi daha sonra orijinalliğini doğrulayabilmek için imzalama</li><li>İmzanızı gerektiren bir işlemde özel programları çağırma</li></ul><p>Bu örnekte Bob, ödemesi karşılığında Alice'e bir SPL token gönderir:</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1. Add an instruction to send the token from Bob to Alice</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createTransferCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
bobTokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// source</span>
tokenAddress<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
aliceTokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span>
bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of source account</span>
<span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">**</span> tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount to transfer</span>
tokenMint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>decimals <span class="token comment">// decimals of token</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2. Bob partially signs the transaction</span>
transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">partialSign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bobKeypair<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 3. Serialize the transaction without requiring all signatures</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> serializedTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
requireAllSignatures<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 4. Alice can deserialize the transaction</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> recoveredTransaction <span class="token operator">=</span> Transaction<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>transactionBase64<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"base64"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br></div></div><h2 id="durable-nonce-uzun-sureli-nonce" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#durable-nonce-uzun-sureli-nonce" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Durable Nonce(Uzun Süreli Nonce)</h2><p><code>RecentBlockhash</code>, bir işlem için önemli bir değerdir. Süresi dolmuş bir blockhash (150 bloktan sonra) kullanırsanız işleminiz reddedilecektir. Son kullanma tarihi geçmeyecek bir blockhash elde etmek için <code>durable nonce</code> kullanabilirsiniz. Bu mekanizmayı tetiklemek için işleminizin aşağıdakileri sağlaması gerekir.</p><ol><li><code>nonce account</code>'ında saklanan bir <code>nonce</code>'u yeni bir blockhash olarak kullanması</li><li>ilk talimata <code>nonce avans</code> işlemini koyması</li></ol><h3 id="create-nonce-account-nonce-account-olusturma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#create-nonce-account-nonce-account-olusturma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Create Nonce Account (Nonce Account Oluşturma)</h3><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token comment">// create nonce account</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">NONCE_ACCOUNT_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span>programId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// init nonce account</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nonceInitialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
noncePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce account pubkey</span>
authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// nonce account authority (for advance and close)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><h3 id="get-nonce-account-nonce-account-getirme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#get-nonce-account-nonce-account-getirme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Get Nonce Account (Nonce Account Getirme)</h3><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> accountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> nonceAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> NonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h3 id="use-nonce-account-nonce-account-kullanma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#use-nonce-account-nonce-account-kullanma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Use Nonce Account (Nonce Account Kullanma)</h3><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token comment">// nonce advance must be the first instruction</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nonceAdvance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
noncePubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authorizedPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// after that, you do what you really want to do, here we append a transfer instruction as an example.</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> nonceAccountAuth<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// assign `nonce` as recentBlockhash</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>recentBlockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> nonceAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>nonce<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>feePayer <span class="token operator">=</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
nonceAccountAuth
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* fee payer + nonce account authority + ... */</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">txhash: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRawTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: steveluscher@users.noreply.github.com">Steven Luscher</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: rukiyebeyzasarikaya@hotmail.com">rbeyzas</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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Cookbook"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Cookbook <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Temel Kavramlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs (Programlar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs (Programlar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions (İşlemler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions (İşlemler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Kılavuzlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data (Serileştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data (Serileştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları)"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Referanslar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/token.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/token.html#what-do-i-need-to-get-started-with-spl-tokens-spl-token-ları-kullanmaya-baslamak-icin-neye-ihtiyacımız-var" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="What do I need to get started with SPL-Tokens? (SPL Token’ları kullanmaya başlamak için neye ihtiyacımız var?)"><!--[--><!--]--> What do I need to get started with SPL-Tokens? (SPL Token’ları kullanmaya başlamak için neye ihtiyacımız var?) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/token.html#how-to-create-a-new-token-yeni-bir-token-olusturma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to create a new Token (Yeni bir Token oluşturma)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to create a new Token (Yeni bir Token oluşturma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/token.html#how-to-get-a-token-mint-token-mint-etme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to get a token mint (Token Mint etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to get a token mint (Token Mint etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/token.html#how-to-create-a-token-account-token-account-olusturma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to create a token account (Token account oluşturma)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to create a token account (Token account oluşturma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/token.html#how-to-get-a-token-account-token-account-u-getirme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to get a Token Account (Token account’u getirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to get a Token Account (Token account’u getirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/token.html#how-to-get-a-token-account-s-balance-token-account-bakiyesi-getirme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to get a token account's balance (Token account bakiyesi getirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to get a token account's balance (Token account bakiyesi getirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/token.html#how-to-mint-tokens-token-mint-leme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to mint tokens (Token mint’leme)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to mint tokens (Token mint’leme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/token.html#how-to-transfer-tokens-token-transfer-etme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to transfer tokens (Token transfer etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to transfer tokens (Token transfer etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/token.html#how-to-burn-tokens-token-yakma-burn" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to burn tokens (Token yakma(burn))"><!--[--><!--]--> How to burn tokens (Token yakma(burn)) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/token.html#how-to-close-token-accounts-token-account-larını-kapatma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to close token accounts (Token account’larını kapatma)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to close token accounts (Token account’larını kapatma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/token.html#how-to-set-authority-on-token-accounts-or-mints-token-hesaplarında-ve-mint-lerinde-yetki-belirleme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to set authority on token accounts or mints (Token hesaplarında ve mint’lerinde yetki belirleme)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to set authority on token accounts or mints (Token hesaplarında ve mint’lerinde yetki belirleme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/token.html#how-to-approve-a-token-delegate-token-delegate-onaylama" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to approve a token delegate (Token delegate onaylama)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to approve a token delegate (Token delegate onaylama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/token.html#how-to-revoke-a-token-delegate-token-delegate-iptal-etme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to revoke a token delegate (Token delegate iptal etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to revoke a token delegate (Token delegate iptal etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/token.html#how-to-manage-wrapped-sol-wrapped-sol-yonetimi" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to manage wrapped SOL (Wrapped SOL yönetimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to manage wrapped SOL (Wrapped SOL yönetimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/token.html#create-token-account-token-account-olusturma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Create Token Account (Token Account Oluşturma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Create Token Account (Token Account Oluşturma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/token.html#add-balance-bakiye-ekleme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Add Balance (Bakiye Ekleme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Add Balance (Bakiye Ekleme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/references/token.html#how-to-get-all-token-accounts-by-owner-tum-token-account-ları-sahibi-tarafından-nasıl-alınır" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to get all token accounts by owner (Tüm token account’ları sahibi tarafından nasıl alınır?)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to get all token accounts by owner (Tüm token account’ları sahibi tarafından nasıl alınır?) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="interacting-with-tokens-token-lar-ile-etkilesim" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#interacting-with-tokens-token-lar-ile-etkilesim" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)</h1><h2 id="what-do-i-need-to-get-started-with-spl-tokens-spl-token-ları-kullanmaya-baslamak-icin-neye-ihtiyacımız-var" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#what-do-i-need-to-get-started-with-spl-tokens-spl-token-ları-kullanmaya-baslamak-icin-neye-ihtiyacımız-var" aria-hidden="true">#</a> What do I need to get started with SPL-Tokens? (SPL Token’ları kullanmaya başlamak için neye ihtiyacımız var?)</h2><p>Solana'da Token’larla her etkileşimde bulunduğunuzda, aslında Solana Program Kitaplığı Token’ı veya SPL-Token standardı ile etkileşime girersiniz. SPL-Token standardı, programlama dilinize göre aşağıda bulabileceğiniz belirli bir kitaplığın kullanılmasını gerektirir.</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>"@solana/spl-token": "^0.2.0"
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-create-a-new-token-yeni-bir-token-olusturma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-create-a-new-token-yeni-bir-token-olusturma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to create a new Token (Yeni bir Token oluşturma)</h2><p>Token oluşturma, "mint account" adı verilen account oluşturularak yapılır. Bu mint account daha sonra bir kullanıcının token account'ına token basmak için kullanılır.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> mintPubkey <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// conneciton</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can't turn it on again)</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token comment">// create mint account</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MINT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// init mint account</span>
<span class="token function">createInitializeMintInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
mint<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint pubkey</span>
<span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can't turn it on again)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-get-a-token-mint-token-mint-etme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-get-a-token-mint-token-mint-etme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to get a token mint (Token Mint etme)</h2><p>Bir tokenın sahip olduğu mevcut arzı, yetkiyi veya ondalık sayıları almak için token mint’in account bilgilerini almanız gerekir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> mintAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mintAccountPublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-create-a-token-account-token-account-olusturma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-create-a-token-account-token-account-olusturma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to create a token account (Token account oluşturma)</h2><p>Bir kullanıcının token tutması için bir token account'ı gerekir.</p><p>Bir kullanıcının sahip olduğu her tür token için en az bir token account'ı olacaktır.</p><p>İlişkili Token Hesapları(Associated Token Accounts,ATA), her keypair(anahtar çifti) için deterministik olarak oluşturulmuş account'lardır. ATA'lar, belirteç account'larını yönetmek için önerilen yöntemdir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> ata <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">createAssociatedTokenAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) composed by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span>
ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// ata</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner</span>
mintPubkey <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-get-a-token-account-token-account-u-getirme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-get-a-token-account-token-account-u-getirme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to get a Token Account (Token account’u getirme)</h2><p>Her token account, owner, mint, miktar (bakiye) ve ondalık sayılar gibi token hakkında bilgilere sahiptir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tokenAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-get-a-token-account-s-balance-token-account-bakiyesi-getirme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-get-a-token-account-s-balance-token-account-bakiyesi-getirme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to get a token account's balance (Token account bakiyesi getirme)</h2><p>Token account, tek bir call ile alınabilen token bakiyesine sahiptir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tokenAmount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTokenAccountBalance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>::: İPUCU</p><p>Bir token account yalnızca bir tür mint tutabilir. Bir token account belirttiğinizde, bir mint de belirtmiş olursunuz. :::</p><h2 id="how-to-mint-tokens-token-mint-leme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-mint-tokens-token-mint-leme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to mint tokens (Token mint’leme)</h2><p>Token mint’lediğinizde (bastığınızda), arzı artırır ve yeni tokenları belirli bir token account'ına aktarırsınız.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">mintToChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// receiver (should be a token account)</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createMintToCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// receiver (should be a token account)</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint authority</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token comment">// [signer1, signer2 ...], // only multisig account will use</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-transfer-tokens-token-transfer-etme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-transfer-tokens-token-transfer-etme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to transfer tokens (Token transfer etme)</h2><p>Tokenları bir token account'ından başka bir token account'ına aktarabilirsiniz.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">transferChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span>
tokenAccountXPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from (should be a token account)</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
tokenAccountYPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// to (should be a token account)</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from's owner</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createTransferCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
tokenAccountXPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from (should be a token account)</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
tokenAccountYPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// to (should be a token account)</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// from's owner</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-burn-tokens-token-yakma-burn" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-burn-tokens-token-yakma-burn" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to burn tokens (Token yakma(burn))</h2><p>Token sahibiyseniz tokenı yakabilirsiniz.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">burnChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span>
<span class="token number">8</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createBurnCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-close-token-accounts-token-account-larını-kapatma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-close-token-accounts-token-account-larını-kapatma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to close token accounts (Token account’larını kapatma)</h2><p>Artık kullanmak istemiyorsanız bir token account'ını kapatabilirsiniz. İki durum vardır:</p><ol><li>Wrapped SOL - Kapanış, Wrapped SOL'yi SOL'e dönüştürür.</li><li>Diğer Tokenlar - Sadece token account'ının bakiyesi 0 ise kapatabilirsiniz.</li></ol><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">closeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account which you want to close</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span>
alice <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createCloseAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account which you want to close</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// destination</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-set-authority-on-token-accounts-or-mints-token-hesaplarında-ve-mint-lerinde-yetki-belirleme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-set-authority-on-token-accounts-or-mints-token-hesaplarında-ve-mint-lerinde-yetki-belirleme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to set authority on token accounts or mints (Token hesaplarında ve mint’lerinde yetki belirleme)</h2><p>Yetki ayarlayabilir/güncelleyebilirsiniz. 4 tip vardır:</p><ol><li>MintTokens (mint account)</li><li>FreezeAccount (mint account)</li><li>AccountOwner (token account)</li><li>CloseAccount (token account)</li></ol><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">setAuthority</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint account || token account</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// current authority</span>
AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span>
<span class="token class-name">randomGuy</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// new authority (you can pass `null` to close it)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createSetAuthorityInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint acocunt || token account</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// current auth</span>
AuthorityType<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintTokens<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// authority type</span>
<span class="token class-name">randomGuy</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// new auth (you can pass `null` to close it)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-approve-a-token-delegate-token-delegate-onaylama" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-approve-a-token-delegate-token-delegate-onaylama" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to approve a token delegate (Token delegate onaylama)</h2><p>İzin verilen bir miktarla bir temsilci (delegate) ayarlayabilirsiniz. Ayarladıktan sonra, temsilci, token account'ınızın başka bir sahibi gibidir. <code>Bir token account aynı anda yalnızca bir account'a yetki verebilir</code>.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">approveChecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// fee payer</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span>
randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// delegate</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createApproveCheckedInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span>
mintPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// mint</span>
randomGuy<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// delegate</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token number">1e8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token</span>
<span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token comment">// decimals</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-revoke-a-token-delegate-token-delegate-iptal-etme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-revoke-a-token-delegate-token-delegate-iptal-etme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to revoke a token delegate (Token delegate iptal etme)</h2><p>İptal etme, temsilciyi (delegate) null olarak ayarlar ve devredilen tutarı 0 olarak ayarlar.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// 1) use build-in function</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txhash <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">revoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// connection</span>
feePayer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// payer</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span>
alice <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// or</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2) compose by yourself</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token function">createRevokeInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
tokenAccountPubkey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// token account</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey <span class="token comment">// owner of token account</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-manage-wrapped-sol-wrapped-sol-yonetimi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-manage-wrapped-sol-wrapped-sol-yonetimi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to manage wrapped SOL (Wrapped SOL yönetimi)</h2><p>Wrapped SOL diğer tüm token mint’ler gibidir. Aradaki fark, <code>syncNative kullanmak ve özellikle </code>NATIVE_MINT` adresinde belirteç account'ları oluşturmaktır.</p><h3 id="create-token-account-token-account-olusturma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#create-token-account-token-account-olusturma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Create Token Account (Token Account Oluşturma)</h3><p><a href="#create-token-account">Token Hesabı Oluştur</a>’maya çok benzer şekilde ilerliyoruz ve mint'i <code>NATIVE_MINT</code> ile değiştiriyoruz.</p><div class="language-javascript ext-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="add-balance-bakiye-ekleme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#add-balance-bakiye-ekleme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Add Balance (Bakiye Ekleme)</h3><p>Wrapped SOL için bakiye eklemenin iki yolu vardır:</p><h4 id="_1-by-sol-transfer-sol-transferi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-by-sol-transfer-sol-transferi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 1. By SOL Transfer (SOL Transferi)</h4><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token comment">// trasnfer SOL</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">transfer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
toPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// sync wrapped SOL balance</span>
<span class="token function">createSyncNativeInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ata<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h4 id="_2-by-token-transfer-token-transferi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-by-token-transfer-token-transferi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 2. By Token Transfer (Token Transferi)</h4><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token comment">// create token account</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fromPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
newAccountPubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
lamports<span class="token operator">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// rent + amount</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// init token account</span>
<span class="token function">createInitializeAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">NATIVE_MINT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// transfer WSOL</span>
<span class="token function">createTransferInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> amount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// close aux account</span>
<span class="token function">createCloseAccountInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
auxAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
alice<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-get-all-token-accounts-by-owner-tum-token-account-ları-sahibi-tarafından-nasıl-alınır" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-get-all-token-accounts-by-owner-tum-token-account-ları-sahibi-tarafından-nasıl-alınır" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to get all token accounts by owner (Tüm token account’ları sahibi tarafından nasıl alınır?)</h2><p>Token account'larını sahibine göre getirebilirsiniz. Bunu yapmanın iki yolu vardır:</p><ol><li>Get All Token Account (Tüm Token Account’ları Getirme)</li></ol><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><ol start="2"><li>Filter By Mint (Mint’e Göre Filtreleme)</li></ol><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>owner<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
mint<span class="token operator">:</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: 60818312+lawmeskiviahs@users.noreply.github.com">Shaivik Semwal</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: rukiyebeyzasarikaya@hotmail.com">rbeyzas</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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href="/tr/getting-started/installation.html#build-from-source-kaynaktan-derleme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Build From Source (Kaynaktan Derleme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Build From Source (Kaynaktan Derleme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Temel Kavramlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs (Programlar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs (Programlar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions (İşlemler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions (İşlemler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Kılavuzlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data (Serileştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data (Serileştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları)"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referanslar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h2 id="install-web3-js-web3-js-kurulumu" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#install-web3-js-web3-js-kurulumu" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Install Web3.js (Web3.js Kurulumu)</h2><p>Solana'da Javascript veya TypeScript kullanmaya başlamak için birkaç kütüphane bulunur.<br></p><h3 id="web3-js" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#web3-js" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Web3.js</h3><p><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>@solana/web3.js</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> etkileşim kurmak, işlem göndermek ve blok zincirinden bilgi okumak için birçok temel Solana aracına sahip bir kütüphanedir.</p><p>Aşağıdaki kod satırı ile bu kütüphaneyi kurabilirsiniz:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">YARN</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">NPM</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">BROWSER</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">yarn</span> <span class="token function">add</span> @solana/web3.js
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save @solana/web3.js
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token comment"><!-- Development (un-minified) --></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/web3.js@latest/lib/index.iife.js<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token comment"><!-- Production (minified) --></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/web3.js@latest/lib/index.iife.min.js<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><hr><h3 id="spl-token" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#spl-token" aria-hidden="true">#</a> SPL-Token</h3><p><code>@solana/spl-token</code> SPL Token'ları ile etkileşim kurmak için gereken birçok javascript/typescript bağlantılarını içeren bir kitaplıktır. Bu kitaplığı yeni SPL Token'ları mintlemek (basmak), transfer etmek ve daha fazlasını yapmak için kullanabilirsiniz.</p><p>Aşağıdaki kod satırı ile bu kütüphaneyi kurabilirsiniz:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">YARN</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">NPM</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">BROWSER</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">yarn</span> <span class="token function">add</span> @solana/spl-token
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save @solana/spl-token
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-html ext-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token comment"><!-- Development (un-minified) --></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/spl-token@latest/lib/index.iife.js<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token comment"><!-- Production (minified) --></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>https://unpkg.com/@solana/spl-token@latest/lib/index.iife.min.js<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><hr><h3 id="wallet-adapter-cuzdan-adaptoru" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#wallet-adapter-cuzdan-adaptoru" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Wallet Adapter (Cüzdan Adaptörü)</h3><p>Solana içinde ‘wallet-adapter’ adı verilen, cüzdan bağlantılarının kurulmasına yardımcı olabilecek bir kütüphane vardır. Paket şu anda Svelte, Angular, Vue.js ve React içinde kullanımı desteklemektedir. <em>Wallet-adapter</em>, <a href="https://phantom.app/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Phantom<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, <a href="https://solflare.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solflare<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, gibi cüzdanlarla dApp entegrasyonunuzu sağlar.</p><p>Aşağıdaki kod satırı ile bu kütüphaneyi kurabilirsiniz:</p><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">YARN</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">NPM</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">yarn</span> <span class="token function">add</span> @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
@solana/wallet-adapter-base
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> --save @solana/wallet-adapter-wallets <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
@solana/wallet-adapter-base
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><h2 id="install-rust-rust-kurulumu" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#install-rust-rust-kurulumu" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Install Rust (Rust Kurulumu)</h2><div class="code-group"><div class="code-group__nav"><ul class="code-group__ul"><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab code-group__nav-tab-active" ariapressed="true" ariaexpanded="true">MACOS</button></li><li class="code-group__li"><button class="code-group__nav-tab" ariapressed="false" ariaexpanded="false">LINUX</button></li></ul></div><!--[--><div class="code-group-item code-group-item__active" aria-selected="true"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> --proto <span class="token string">'=https'</span> --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">sh</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><div class="code-group-item" aria-selected="false"><!--[--><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> --proto <span class="token string">'=https'</span> --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">sh</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><p>Windows için lütfen <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rust kurulum sitesini<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ziyaret edin.</p><h2 id="install-cli-cli-kurulumu" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#install-cli-cli-kurulumu" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Install CLI (CLI Kurulumu)</h2><h3 id="macos-linux" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#macos-linux" aria-hidden="true">#</a> macOS & Linux</h3><p>Terminal uygulamanızı açın.</p><p><code>LATEST_RELEASE</code>'i istediğiniz sürümle değiştirin ve aşağıdakileri çalıştırarak makinenize en son Solana sürümünü yükleyin:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">sh</span> -c <span class="token string">"<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span><span class="token function">curl</span> -sSfL https://release.solana.com/LATEST_RELEASE/install<span class="token variable">)</span></span>"</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><code>LATEST_RELEASE</code>'i istediğiniz sürümün yazılım sürümüyle eşleşen sürüm etiketiyle değiştirebilir veya üç sembolik kanal adından birini kullanabilirsiniz: <code>stable</code>, <code>beta</code> veya <code>edge</code>. En son sürümü bulmak için <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">buradaki<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> sürümleri kontrol edin.</p><p>Aşağıdaki çıktı, başarılı bir güncellemeyi gösterir:</p><div class="language-text ext-text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>downloading LATEST_RELEASE installer
Configuration: /home/solana/.config/solana/install/config.yml
Active release directory: /home/solana/.local/share/solana/install/active_release
* Release version: LATEST_RELEASE
* Release URL: https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/download/LATEST_RELEASE/solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2
Update successful
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p>Sisteminize bağlı olarak, yükleyici mesajının sonu sizden şunları yapmanızı isteyebilir:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>Please update your <span class="token environment constant">PATH</span> environment variable to include the solana programs:
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Yukarıdaki mesajı alırsanız, <code>PATH</code>'i güncellemek için önerilen komutu kopyalayıp altına yapıştırın.</p><p>Aşağıdaki kod satırını çalıştırarak istediğiniz solana sürümünün kurulu olduğunu onaylayın:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana --version
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Başarılı bir kurulumdan sonra, Solana yazılımını herhangi bir zamanda daha yeni bir sürüme kolayca güncellemek için <code>solana-install update</code> kullanılabilir.</p><h4 id="downloading-binaries-linux-binary-dosyalarını-indirme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#downloading-binaries-linux-binary-dosyalarını-indirme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Downloading Binaries (Linux) (Binary Dosyalarını İndirme)</h4><p>Alternatif olarak solana-install kullanmak yerine Binary dosyaları ile kurulum yapabilirsiniz.</p><p><a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, adresine giderek <strong>solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-msvc.tar.bz2</strong>'i indirin, ardından arşivden çıkarın:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">tar</span> jxf solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2
<span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-release/
<span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">$PWD</span>/bin:<span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h4 id="downloading-binaries-macos" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#downloading-binaries-macos" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Downloading Binaries (macOS)</h4><p>Alternatif olarak solana-install kullanmak yerine binary dosyaları ile kurulum yapabilirsiniz.</p><p><a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, adresine giderek <strong>solana-release-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.bz2</strong>‘i indirin, ardından arşivden çıkarın:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">tar</span> jxf solana-release-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.bz2
<span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-release/
<span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">$PWD</span>/bin:<span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><hr><h3 id="windows" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#windows" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Windows</h3><p>Yönetici olarak Komut İstemi (<code>Command Prompt - cmd.exe</code>)’ni açın.</p><p>Komut İstemi uygulaması göründüğünde, sağ tıklayın ve “Yönetici Olarak Aç” seçeneğini seçin. “Bu uygulamanın cihazınızda değişiklik yapmasına izin vermek istiyor musunuz?” diye soran bir açılır pencere tarafından istenirse, 'Evet'i tıklayın.</p><p>Aşağıdaki komutu kopyalayıp yapıştırın, ardından Solana yükleyicisini geçici bir dizine indirmek için Enter tuşuna basın:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">curl</span> https://release.solana.com/v1.9.16/solana-install-init-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.exe --output C:<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-tmp<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-init.exe --create-dirs
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><code>v1.9.16</code> istediğiniz sürüm değilse, en son sürümü <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">burada<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> bulabilirsiniz.</p><p>Aşağıdaki komutu kopyalayıp yapıştırın, ardından Solana'nın en son sürümünü yüklemek için Enter'a basın. Sisteminizde bir güvenlik açılır penceresi görürseniz, programın çalışmasına izin verin.</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>C:<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-tmp<span class="token punctuation">\</span>solana-install-init.exe v1.9.16
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>En son sürümü bulmak için <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">burada<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> bulunan sürümleri kontrol edebilirsiniz.</p><p>Kurulum tamamlandığında Enter tuşuna basın.</p><p>Komut istemi penceresini kapatın ve normal bir kullanıcı olarak yeni bir komut istemi penceresini yeniden açın.</p><p>Arama çubuğunda "Komut İstemi" arayın, ardından Komut İstemi uygulama simgesine sol tıklayın (Yönetici olarak çalıştırmanıza gerek yok).</p><p>Aşağıdakileri girerek istediğiniz solana sürümünün kurulu olduğunu onaylayın:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana --version
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Başarılı bir kurulumdan sonra, Solana yazılımını herhangi bir zamanda daha yeni bir sürüme kolayca güncellemek için <code>solana-install update</code> kullanılabilir.</p><h4 id="downloading-binaries-binary-dosyalarını-indirme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#downloading-binaries-binary-dosyalarını-indirme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Downloading Binaries (Binary Dosyalarını İndirme)</h4><p>Alternatif olarak solana-install kullanmak yerine binary dosyaları ile kurulum yapabilirsiniz.</p><p><a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>, adresine giderek <strong>solana-release-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.bz2</strong>‘i indirin, ardından Winzip ya da benzer bir uygulama kullanarak arşivden çıkarın.</p><p>Bir Komut İstemi açın ve binary dosyaları çıkardığınız dizine gidin ve çalıştırın:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-release/
<span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span>%cd%/bin<span class="token punctuation">;</span>%<span class="token environment constant">PATH</span>%
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h3 id="build-from-source-kaynaktan-derleme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#build-from-source-kaynaktan-derleme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Build From Source (Kaynaktan Derleme)</h3><p>Önceden oluşturulmuş binary dosyalarını kullanamıyorsanız veya kaynaktan kendiniz oluşturmayı tercih ediyorsanız, <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> adresine gidin ve kaynak kodu arşivini indirin. Kodu ayıklayın ve binary dosyaları şununla oluşturun:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>./scripts/cargo-install-all.sh <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
<span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">$PWD</span>/bin:<span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>Daha sonra, önceden oluşturulmuş binary dosyalarla aynı sonucu elde etmek için aşağıdaki komutu çalıştırabilirsiniz:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana-install init
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: 82475023+jacobcreech@users.noreply.github.com">Jacob Creech</span><!--[-->, <!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: rukiyebeyzasarikaya@hotmail.com">rbeyzas</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/tr/" class="" aria-label="Solana Cookbook"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Cookbook <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><!----></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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<!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Kılavuzlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Serializing Data (Serileştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data (Serileştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" 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href="/tr/guides/serialization.html#how-to-deserialize-instruction-data-on-the-program-instruction-data-programlarda-nasıl-deserialize-edilir" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to deserialize instruction data on the program (Instruction data programlarda nasıl deserialize edilir)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to deserialize instruction data on the program (Instruction data programlarda nasıl deserialize edilir) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/serialization.html#how-to-serialize-account-data-on-the-program-programdaki-account-data-nasıl-serialize-edilir" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to serialize account data on the program (Programdaki account data nasıl serialize edilir)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to serialize account data on the program (Programdaki account data nasıl serialize edilir) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/serialization.html#pack" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Pack"><!--[--><!--]--> Pack <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/serialization.html#serialization-deserialization" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Serialization/Deserialization"><!--[--><!--]--> Serialization/Deserialization <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/serialization.html#usage-kullanım" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Usage (Kullanım)"><!--[--><!--]--> Usage (Kullanım) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/serialization.html#how-to-deserialize-account-data-on-the-client-client-ta-account-data-nasıl-deserialize-edilir" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How to deserialize account data on the client (Client’ta account data nasıl deserialize edilir)"><!--[--><!--]--> How to deserialize account data on the client (Client’ta account data nasıl deserialize edilir) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/serialization.html#common-solana-ts-js-mappings-yaygın-solana-ts-js-eslemeleri" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Common Solana TS/JS Mappings (Yaygın Solana TS/JS Eşlemeleri)"><!--[--><!--]--> Common Solana TS/JS Mappings (Yaygın Solana TS/JS Eşlemeleri) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/serialization.html#advanced-constructs-gelismis-yapılar" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Advanced Constructs (Gelişmiş Yapılar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Advanced Constructs (Gelişmiş Yapılar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/serialization.html#coption" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="COption"><!--[--><!--]--> COption <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/serialization.html#resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları)"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referanslar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="serializing-data-serilestirme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#serializing-data-serilestirme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Serializing Data (Serileştirme)</h1><p>Serialization(serileştirme) hakkında konuştuğumuzda, hem serializing data (verilerin serileştirilmesini) hem de deserialization of data (verilerin seri durumdan çıkarılmasını) kastediyoruz.</p><p>Serialization, Solana programı ve program Account’ları yaşam döngüsü boyunca birkaç noktada devreye girer:</p><ol><li>Client’ta instruction data’nın serialize edilmesi</li><li>Programdaki instruction data’nın seri deserialize edilmesi</li><li>Programdaki Account data’nın serialize edilmesi</li><li>Client’ta Account data’nın deserialize edilmesi</li></ol><p>Yukarıdaki eylemlerin hepsinin aynı serialization yaklaşımıyla desteklenmesi önemlidir. Dahil edilen snippet'ler, <a href="#resources">Borsh</a> kullanılarak serialization yapmayı gösteriyor.</p><p>Bu belgenin geri kalanındaki örnekler, <a href="#resources">Solana CLI Program Template</a> Program Şablonundan alınan alıntılardır.</p><h2 id="setting-up-for-borsh-serialization-borsh-serialization-icin-kurulum" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#setting-up-for-borsh-serialization-borsh-serialization-icin-kurulum" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Setting up for Borsh Serialization (Borsh Serialization için Kurulum)</h2><p>Rust program, Rust client, Node ve/veya Python client için Borsh kütüphaneleri kurulmalıdır.</p><div class="language-toml ext-toml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-toml"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">package</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key property">name</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"cli-program-template"</span>
<span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"0.1.5"</span>
<span class="token key property">edition</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"2018"</span>
<span class="token key property">license</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"WTFPL"</span>
<span class="token key property">publish</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key property">borsh</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"0.9.0"</span>
<span class="token key property">clap</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"2.33.3"</span>
<span class="token key property">lazy_static</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.4.0"</span>
<span class="token key property">serde</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.0.125"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token key property">features</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"derive"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token key property">serde_yaml</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"0.8.17"</span>
<span class="token key property">sol-template-shared</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token key property">path</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"shared"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token key property">solana-clap-utils</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.8.2"</span>
<span class="token key property">solana-cli-config</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.8.2"</span>
<span class="token key property">solana-client</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.8.2"</span>
<span class="token key property">solana-logger</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.8.2"</span>
<span class="token key property">solana-remote-wallet</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.8.2"</span>
<span class="token key property">solana-sdk</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.8.2"</span>
<span class="token key property">tokio</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token key property">version</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token key property">features</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"full"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">workspace</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key property">members</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">"program"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"shared"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token table class-name">dev-dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key property">lazy_static</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.4.0"</span>
<span class="token key property">solana-validator</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.8.2"</span>
<span class="token key property">solana-streamer</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"1.8.2"</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-serialize-instruction-data-on-the-client-client-taki-yonerge-verisi-nasıl-serilestirilir" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-serialize-instruction-data-on-the-client-client-taki-yonerge-verisi-nasıl-serilestirilir" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to serialize instruction data on the client (Client’taki yönerge verisi nasıl serileştirilir)</h2><img src="/assets/ser1.ceec0bad.png" alt="Serialize Instruction Data"><p>Bir programa göndermek için giden instruction data’yı (yönerge verisi) serialize duruma getiriyorsanız, programın gelen instruction data’yı nasıl deserialize duruma getirileceğini yansıtması gerekir.</p><p>Bu şablonda, bir instruction data bloğu, örneklerle birlikte aşağıdakileri içeren serialize edilmiş bir array’dir:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Instruction (Variant index)</th><th>Serialized Key</th><th>Serialized Değer</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Initialize (0)</td><td>instruction için geçerli değil</td><td>instruction için geçerli değil</td></tr><tr><td>Mint (1)</td><td>"foo"</td><td>"bar"</td></tr><tr><td>Transfer (2)</td><td>"foo"</td><td>instruction için geçerli değil</td></tr><tr><td>Burn (2)</td><td>"foo"</td><td>instruction için geçerli değil</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Aşağıdaki örnekte, programa ait Account’ın başlatıldığını varsayıyoruz.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token comment">// Include borsh functionality</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"borsh"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"buffer"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Get Solana</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Flexible class that takes properties and imbues them</span>
<span class="token comment">// to the object instance</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">keys</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> properties<span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Our instruction payload vocabulary</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Borsh needs a schema describing the payload</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> payloadSchema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
Payload<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"struct"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"id"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"u8"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"key"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"string"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"value"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"string"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Instruction variant indexes</span>
<span class="token keyword">enum</span> InstructionVariant <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
InitializeAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
MintKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TransferKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
BurnKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* Mint a key value pair to account
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Connection<span class="token punctuation">}</span> connection - Solana RPC connection
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span> progId - Sample Program public key
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span> account - Target program owned account for Mint
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Keypair<span class="token punctuation">}</span> wallet - Wallet for signing and payment
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>string<span class="token punctuation">}</span> mintKey - The key being minted key
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>string<span class="token punctuation">}</span> mintValue - The value being minted
* <span class="token keyword">@return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Promise<Keypair><span class="token punctuation">}</span> - Keypair
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">mintKV</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
progId<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
wallet<span class="token operator">:</span> Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
mintKey<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
mintValue<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Construct the payload</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
id<span class="token operator">:</span> InstructionVariant<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MintKeypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
key<span class="token operator">:</span> mintKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 'ts key'</span>
value<span class="token operator">:</span> mintValue<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 'ts first value'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Serialize the payload</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mintSerBuf <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payloadSchema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> mint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// console.log(mintSerBuf)</span>
<span class="token comment">// => <Buffer 01 06 00 00 00 74 73 20 6b 65 79 0e 00 00 00 74 73 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 76 61 6c 75 65></span>
<span class="token comment">// let mintPayloadCopy = deserialize(schema, Payload, mintSerBuf)</span>
<span class="token comment">// console.log(mintPayloadCopy)</span>
<span class="token comment">// => Payload { id: 1, key: 'ts key', value: 'ts first value' }</span>
<span class="token comment">// Create Solana Instruction</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> instruction <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> mintSerBuf<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> wallet<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> progId<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Send Solana Transaction</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> transactionSignature <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">sendAndConfirmTransaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>instruction<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
commitment<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"singleGossip"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
preflightCommitment<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"singleGossip"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Signature = "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> transactionSignature<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> transactionSignature<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br><span class="line-number">90</span><br><span class="line-number">91</span><br><span class="line-number">92</span><br><span class="line-number">93</span><br><span class="line-number">94</span><br><span class="line-number">95</span><br><span class="line-number">96</span><br><span class="line-number">97</span><br><span class="line-number">98</span><br><span class="line-number">99</span><br><span class="line-number">100</span><br><span class="line-number">101</span><br><span class="line-number">102</span><br><span class="line-number">103</span><br><span class="line-number">104</span><br><span class="line-number">105</span><br><span class="line-number">106</span><br><span class="line-number">107</span><br><span class="line-number">108</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-deserialize-instruction-data-on-the-program-instruction-data-programlarda-nasıl-deserialize-edilir" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-deserialize-instruction-data-on-the-program-instruction-data-programlarda-nasıl-deserialize-edilir" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to deserialize instruction data on the program (Instruction data programlarda nasıl deserialize edilir)</h2><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! instruction Contains the main ProgramInstruction enum</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token comment">/// All custom program instructions</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">MintToAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccounts</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">MintToAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccountsWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Generic Payload Deserialization</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, Debug)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">Payload</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
variant<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
arg1<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
arg2<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span>
<span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Payload</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>variant <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MintToAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg2<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccounts</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccount</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MintToAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg2<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">TransferBetweenAccountsWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token number">6</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">BurnFromAccountWithFee</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> payload<span class="token punctuation">.</span>arg1 <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_ <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">DeserializationFailure</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-serialize-account-data-on-the-program-programdaki-account-data-nasıl-serialize-edilir" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-serialize-account-data-on-the-program-programdaki-account-data-nasıl-serialize-edilir" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to serialize account data on the program (Programdaki account data nasıl serialize edilir)</h2><img src="/assets/ser3.7cdd43c8.png" alt="Account Data Serialization"><p>Program account'ı veri bloğu (örnek repodan) şu şekilde düzenlenir:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Byte 0</th><th>Bytes 1-4</th><th>Remaining Byte up to 1019</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Başlangıç bayrağı</td><td>serileştirilmiş BTreeMap uzunluğu</td><td>BTreeMap (anahtar değer çiftlerinin depolandığı yer)</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="pack" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#pack" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Pack</h3><p><a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/22a18a68e3ee68ae013d647e62e12128433d7230/sdk/program/src/program_pack.rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Pack<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> özelliği hakkında bilgiler:</p><p>Pack özelliği, account verilerinin seri hale getirilmesi/seri hale getirilmesinin ayrıntılarını temel Program talimatı işlemenizden gizlemeyi kolaylaştırır. Bu nedenle, tüm serileştirme/serileştirme günlüğünü program işleme koduna koymak yerine, (3) fonksiyonun arkasındaki ayrıntıları kapsüller:</p><ol><li><code>unpack_unchecked</code> - Başlatılıp başlatılmadığını kontrol etmeden bir account'ı seri durumdan çıkarmanıza izin verir. Bu, Başlatma işlevini gerçekten işlerken yararlıdır (varyant dizini 0)</li><li><code>unpack</code> - <code>unpack_from_slice</code> Pack uygulamanızı çağırır ve account'ın başlatılıp başlatılmadığını kontrol eder.</li><li><code>pack</code> - <code>pack_into_slice</code> Pack uygulamanızı çağırır.</li></ol><p>Örnek programımız için Pack özelliğinin uygulanması. Bunu borsh kullanılarak account verilerinin fiili olarak işlenmesi takip eder.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! @brief account_state manages account data</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">sol_template_shared<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">entrypoint<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">program_pack<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Maintains global accumulator</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Returns indicator if this account has been initialized</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Adds a new key/value pair to the account</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">KeyAlreadyExists</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Removes a key from account and returns the keys value</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">str</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">KeyNotFoundInAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Sealed</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Pack expects the implementation to satisfy whether the</span>
<span class="token comment">// account is initialzed.</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">IsInitialized</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">Pack</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Store 'state' of account to its data area</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">sol_template_shared<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Retrieve 'state' of account from account data area</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> <span class="token namespace">sol_template_shared<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> btree_map<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">:</span> btree_map<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br></div></div><h3 id="serialization-deserialization" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#serialization-deserialization" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Serialization/Deserialization</h3><p>Serialize duruma getirme ve deserialize duruma getirmeyi tamamlamak için:</p><ol><li><code>sol_template_shared::pack_into_slice</code> - Gerçek serileştirmenin gerçekleştiği yer</li><li><code>sol_template_shared::unpack_from_slice</code> - Gerçek seri durumdan çıkarmanın gerçekleştiği yer</li></ol><p><strong>Not</strong> Aşağıda <code>BTREE_LENGTH</code> için veri düzeninde <code>BTREE_STORAGE</code>'dan önce bir <code>u32</code> (4 bayt) bölümümüz olduğunu unutmayın. Bunun nedeni, borsh'un deserialization sırasında, seri durumdan çıkarmakta olduğunuz dilimin uzunluğunun, alıcı nesnenin fiilen yeniden birleştirilmesinden önce okuduğu veri miktarıyla uyuşup uyuşmadığını kontrol etmesidir. Aşağıda gösterilen yaklaşım, önce <code>BTREE_STORAGE</code> işaretçisinden <code>slice</code> boyutu elde etmek için <code>BTREE_LENGTH</code>'yi okur.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">arrayref<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span>program_memory<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>sol_memcpy<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">collections<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Initialization flag size for account state</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Storage for the serialized size of the BTreeMap control</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Storage for the serialized BTreeMap container</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1019</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Sum of all account state lengths</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Packs the initialized flag and data content into destination slice</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[allow(clippy::ptr_offset_with_cast)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">pack_into_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
dst<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> dst <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_mut_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup pointers to key areas of account state data</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized_dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len_dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_dst<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token macro property">mut_array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Set the initialized flag</span>
is_initialized_dst<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> is_initialized <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Store the core data length and serialized content</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> keyval_store_data <span class="token operator">=</span> btree_storage<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> data_len <span class="token operator">=</span> keyval_store_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> data_len <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
data_len_dst<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copy_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data_len <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">sol_memcpy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data_dst<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span>keyval_store_data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">panic!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Unpacks the data from slice and return the initialized flag and data content</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[allow(clippy::ptr_offset_with_cast)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">>></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> src <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">array_ref!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">ACCOUNT_STATE_SPACE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup pointers to key areas of account state data</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token macro property">array_refs!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">INITIALIZED_BYTES</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_LENGTH</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">BTREE_STORAGE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> is_initialized_src <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
_ <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"unrecognized initialization flag \"{:?}\". in account"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
is_initialized_src
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Get current size of content in data area</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> data_len <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">u32</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_le_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>data_len_src<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// If emptry, create a default</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> data_len <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> data_dser <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">try_from_slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>data_src<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>data_len<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br></div></div><h3 id="usage-kullanım" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#usage-kullanım" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Usage (Kullanım)</h3><p>Aşağıdaki kod bloğu, hepsini bir araya getirir ve programın, başlatma bayrağını ve key/value pairs için temeldeki <code>BTreeMap</code>'i içine alan <code>ProgramAccountState</code> ile nasıl etkileşime girdiğini gösterir.</p><p>İlk olarak, yepyeni bir account başlatmak istediğimizde:</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Initialize a new program account, which is the first in AccountInfo array</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">initialize_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Initialize account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Here we use unpack_unchecked as we have yet to initialize</span>
<span class="token comment">// Had we tried to use unpack it would fail because, well, chicken and egg</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// We double check that we haven't already initialized this accounts data</span>
<span class="token comment">// more than once. If we are good, we set the initialized flag</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">SampleError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AlreadyInitializedState</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set_initialized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Finally, we store back to the accounts space</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><p>Şimdi, bir client’tan talimat gönderirken yukarıda gösterdiğimiz yeni bir key value pairs(anahtar değer çifti) basılmasını gösterdiği için diğer talimatlarımız üzerinde çalışabiliriz:</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Mint a key/pair to the programs account, which is the first in accounts</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">mint_keypair_to_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Mint to account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> program_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data <span class="token operator">=</span> program_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Unpacking an uninitialized account state will fail</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Add the key value pair to the underlying BTreeMap</span>
account_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Finally, serialize back to the accounts data</span>
<span class="token class-name">ProgramAccountState</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">pack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_state<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> account_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><h2 id="how-to-deserialize-account-data-on-the-client-client-ta-account-data-nasıl-deserialize-edilir" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-deserialize-account-data-on-the-client-client-ta-account-data-nasıl-deserialize-edilir" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How to deserialize account data on the client (Client’ta account data nasıl deserialize edilir)</h2><p>Client’lar, serileştirilmiş veri bloğunun dönüşün bir parçası olduğu programa ait account'ı almak için Solana'yı çağırabilir(call). Seri durumdan çıkarma, veri bloğu düzenini bilmeyi gerektirir.</p><p>Hesap verilerinin düzeni <a href="#account-data-serialization">burada</a> açıklanmıştır.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"borsh"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"buffer"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Keypair<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
AccountMeta<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">LAMPORTS_PER_SOL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
SystemProgram<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
Transaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TransactionInstruction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
sendAndConfirmTransaction<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Flexible class that takes properties and imbues them</span>
<span class="token comment">// to the object instance</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">keys</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> properties<span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">AccoundData</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Assignable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> dataSchema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
AccoundData<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"struct"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"initialized"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"u8"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"tree_length"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"u32"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"map"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"map"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"string"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"string"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* Fetch program account data
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Connection<span class="token punctuation">}</span> connection - Solana RPC connection
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">}</span> account - Public key for account whose data we want
* <span class="token keyword">@return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Promise<AccoundData><span class="token punctuation">}</span> - Keypair
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">getAccountData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
connection<span class="token operator">:</span> Connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account<span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Promise</span><span class="token operator"><</span>AccoundData<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> nameAccount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"processed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">deserializeUnchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dataSchema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> AccoundData<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nameAccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br></div></div><h2 id="common-solana-ts-js-mappings-yaygın-solana-ts-js-eslemeleri" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#common-solana-ts-js-mappings-yaygın-solana-ts-js-eslemeleri" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Common Solana TS/JS Mappings (Yaygın Solana TS/JS Eşlemeleri)</h2><p>Borsh Spesifikasyonu (The <a href="#resources">Borsh Specification</a>), primitive ve bileşik veri türleri için çoğu eşlemeyi içerir.</p><p>TS/JS ve Python'un key’i, serileştirme ve serileştirmenin ilgili girdileri oluşturabilmesi veya yürütebilmesi için uygun bir tanımla bir Borsh Şeması oluşturmaktır.</p><p>Aşağıdaki kod bloğu, primitive (number, strings) ve bileşik türlerin (fixed size array, Map) önce TypeScript'te, sonra Python'da serileştirilmesini ve ardından Rust tarafında eşdeğer serileştirmeyi gösterir:</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token hashbang comment">#!/usr/bin/env node</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"borsh"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"buffer"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> expect <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"chai"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Struct <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* Primitive extends the Struct type from Solana Library
* for convenience of dynamic property setting
* <span class="token keyword">@extends</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Struct<span class="token punctuation">}</span> Solana JS Struct class
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Primitive</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Struct</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* Entry point for script *
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Emulate BTreeMap</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> map <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"cookbook"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"recipe"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"recipe"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"ingredient"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup a Primitive for all basic and a few</span>
<span class="token comment">// compound types</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> value <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Primitive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token constant">U8</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">U16</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">65535</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">U32</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">4294967295</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">FIXED_STRING_ARRAY</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"hello"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"world"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">FIXED_U8_ARRAY</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">MAP_STRING_STRING</span><span class="token operator">:</span> map<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Define our schema</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> schema <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
Primitive<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"struct"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"U8"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"u8"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"U16"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"u16"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"U32"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"u32"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"FIXED_STRING_ARRAY"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"string"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"FIXED_U8_ARRAY"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"u8"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">"MAP_STRING_STRING"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"map"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"string"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"string"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Value = "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Serialize then deserialize</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> dser <span class="token operator">=</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>schema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> newValue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>schema<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Primitive<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Viola!</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"New value = "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Fixed string array = "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"FIXED_STRING_ARRAY"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Fixed u8 array = "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"FIXED_U8_ARRAY"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Map = "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newValue<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"MAP_STRING_STRING"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br></div></div><h2 id="advanced-constructs-gelismis-yapılar" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#advanced-constructs-gelismis-yapılar" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Advanced Constructs (Gelişmiş Yapılar)</h2><p>Basit Payload’ların nasıl oluşturulacağını önceki örneklerde gösterdik. Bazen Solana belirli türlerde bir hızlı top atar. Bu bölüm, bunları işlemek için TS/JS ve Rust arasında uygun eşlemeyi gösterecektir.</p><h3 id="coption" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#coption" aria-hidden="true">#</a> COption</h3><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token hashbang comment">#!/usr/bin/env node</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> serialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserialize<span class="token punctuation">,</span> deserializeUnchecked <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"borsh"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"buffer"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Struct <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* COption is meant to mirror the
* `solana_program::options::COption`
*
* This type stores a u32 flag (0 | 1) indicating
* the presence or not of a underlying PublicKey
*
* Similar to a Rust Option
* <span class="token keyword">@extends</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Struct<span class="token punctuation">}</span> Solana JS Struct class
* <span class="token keyword">@implements</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>encode<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Struct</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>properties<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* Creates a COption from a PublicKey
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>PublicKey?<span class="token punctuation">}</span> akey
* <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>COption<span class="token punctuation">}</span> COption
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token function">fromPublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>akey<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> COption <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>akey <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token keyword">undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
noneOrSome<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubKeyBuffer<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Uint8Array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">COption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
noneOrSome<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
pubKeyBuffer<span class="token operator">:</span> akey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">}</span> Serialized COption (this)
*/</span>
<span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* Safe deserializes a borsh serialized buffer to a COption
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">}</span> data - Buffer containing borsh serialized data
* <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>COption<span class="token punctuation">}</span> COption object
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> COption <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* Unsafe deserializes a borsh serialized buffer to a COption
* <span class="token keyword">@param</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">}</span> data - Buffer containing borsh serialized data
* <span class="token keyword">@returns</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>COption<span class="token punctuation">}</span> COption object
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token function">decodeUnchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> COption <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">deserializeUnchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* Defines the layout of the COption object
* for serializing/deserializing
* <span class="token keyword">@type</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Map<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">COPTIONSCHEMA</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
COption<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
kind<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"struct"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
fields<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"noneOrSome"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"u32"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"pubKeyBuffer"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token doc-comment comment">/**
* Entry point for script *
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>indata<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// If we get a PublicKey</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>indata<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Construct COption instance</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> coption <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromPublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>indata<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Testing COption with "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> indata<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Serialize it</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> copt_ser <span class="token operator">=</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"copt_ser "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Deserialize it</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tdone <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Validate contains PublicKey</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"noneOrSome"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"pubkey: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"pubKeyBuffer"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBase58</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
Output:
Testing COption with A94wMjV54C8f8wn7zL8TxNCdNiGoq7XSN7vWGrtd4vwU
copt_ser Buffer(36) [1, 0, 0, 0, 135, 202, 71, 214, 68, 105, 98, 176, 211, 130, 105, 2, 55, 187, 86, 186, 109, 176, 80, 208, 77, 100, 221, 101, 20, 203, 149, 166, 96, 171, 119, 35, buffer: ArrayBuffer(8192), byteLength: 36, byteOffset: 1064, length: 36]
COption {noneOrSome: 1, pubKeyBuffer: Uint8Array(32)}
pubkey: A94wMjV54C8f8wn7zL8TxNCdNiGoq7XSN7vWGrtd4vwU
*/</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Testing COption with null"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Construct COption instance</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> coption <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromPublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Serialize it</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> copt_ser <span class="token operator">=</span> coption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Deserialize it</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tdone1 <span class="token operator">=</span> COption<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>copt_ser<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Validate does NOT contains PublicKey</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>tdone1<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"noneOrSome"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token function">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Expected no public key"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"pubkey: null"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
Output:
Testing COption with null
Buffer(36)[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, buffer: ArrayBuffer(8192), byteLength: 36, byteOffset: 2272, length: 36]
COption { noneOrSome: 0, pubKeyBuffer: Uint8Array(32) }
pubkey: null
*/</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// Test with PublicKey</span>
<span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PublicKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"A94wMjV54C8f8wn7zL8TxNCdNiGoq7XSN7vWGrtd4vwU"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Test without PublicKey</span>
<span class="token function">entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span 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class="line-number">125</span><br><span class="line-number">126</span><br><span class="line-number">127</span><br><span class="line-number">128</span><br><span class="line-number">129</span><br><span class="line-number">130</span><br><span class="line-number">131</span><br><span class="line-number">132</span><br><span class="line-number">133</span><br><span class="line-number">134</span><br><span class="line-number">135</span><br><span class="line-number">136</span><br><span class="line-number">137</span><br><span class="line-number">138</span><br></div></div><h2 id="resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://borsh.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Borsh Specification<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/near/borsh-rs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rust Borsh<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/near/borsh-js" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TS/JS Borsh<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/near/borsh-construct-py" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Python Borsh<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://near.github.io/borsh-construct-py/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Python Borsh Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/hashblock/solana-cli-program-template" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana CLI Program Template2<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span 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aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Başlarken <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Cookbook"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Cookbook <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Temel Kavramlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs (Programlar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs (Programlar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions (İşlemler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions (İşlemler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Kılavuzlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data (Serileştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data (Serileştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları)"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#facts-ozet-bilgiler" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts (Özet Bilgiler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts (Özet Bilgiler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#scenario-senaryo" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Scenario (Senaryo)"><!--[--><!--]--> Scenario (Senaryo) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#feature-status-ozellik-durumu" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Status (Özellik Durumu)"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Status (Özellik Durumu) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#parity-testing-parite-testi" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Parity Testing (Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Parity Testing (Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#simple-demonstration-basit-gosterim" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Simple Demonstration (Basit Gösterim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Simple Demonstration (Basit Gösterim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#all-features-activated-tum-ozellikler-aktiflestirildi" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="All features activated (Tüm özellikler aktifleştirildi)"><!--[--><!--]--> All features activated (Tüm özellikler aktifleştirildi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#selective-features-deactivated-secici-ozellikler-devre-dısı-bırakıldı" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Selective features deactivated (Seçici özellikler devre dışı bırakıldı)"><!--[--><!--]--> Selective features deactivated (Seçici özellikler devre dışı bırakıldı) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#full-parity-testing-programmatically-programlı-olarak-tam-parite-testi" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Full Parity Testing Programmatically (Programlı Olarak Tam Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Full Parity Testing Programmatically (Programlı Olarak Tam Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html#resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referanslar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="feature-parity-testing-ozellik-parite-testi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#feature-parity-testing-ozellik-parite-testi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi)</h1><p>Programınızı test ederken, çeşitli kümelerde aynı şekilde çalışacağının güvencesi, hem kalite hem de beklenen sonuçların üretilmesi için esastır.</p><h2 id="facts-ozet-bilgiler" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts-ozet-bilgiler" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts (Özet Bilgiler)</h2><p>:::Bilgi Tablosu</p><p>Features, Solana doğrulayıcılarına sunulan ve kullanılması için etkinleştirme gerektiren yeteneklerdir. Features bir kümede (ör. testnet) etkinleştirilebilir, ancak başka bir kümede (ör. ana ağ-beta) etkinleştirilemez. Yine de; varsayılan solana-test-validator'ı yerel olarak çalıştırırken, Solana sürümünüzdeki mevcut tüm özellikler otomatik olarak etkinleştirilir. Sonuç olarak, yerel olarak test ederken, farklı bir kümede dağıtırken ve çalıştırırken testinizin yetenekleri ve sonuçları aynı olmayabilir! :::</p><h2 id="scenario-senaryo" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#scenario-senaryo" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Scenario (Senaryo)</h2><p>Üç (3) talimat içeren bir işleminiz olduğunu ve her talimatın yaklaşık 100_000 İşlem Birimi (Compute Unit - CU) tükettiğini varsayalım. Bir Solana 1.8.x sürümünde çalışırken, talimat CU tüketiminizi aşağıdakine benzer şekilde gözlemlersiniz:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Instruction</th><th>Starting CU</th><th>Execution</th><th>Remaining CU</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Solana 1.9.2'de, bir işlemin varsayılan olarak 200_000 CU bütçesine sahip olduğu ve kapsüllenmiş talimatların bu işlem bütçesinden çekildiği 'transaction işlem sınırı' adı verilen bir özellik vardır. Yukarıda belirtildiği gibi aynı işlemi çalıştırmak çok farklı davranışlara sahip olacaktır:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Instruction</th><th>Starting CU</th><th>Execution</th><th>Remaining CU</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>200_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>100_000</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>100_000</td><td>-100_000</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>HATA!!!</td><td>HATA!!!</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Evet! Bundan habersiz olsaydınız, talimat davranışınızda buna neden olacak bir değişiklik olmadığı için muhtemelen hayal kırıklığına uğrarsınız. Devnet'te iyi çalıştı, ancak yerel olarak başarısız mı oldu?!?</p><p>Örneğin 300_000 CU gibi genel İşlem bütçesini artırma ve akıl sağlığınızı koruma olanağı vardır, ancak bu, Feature Parity (Özellik Eşliği) ile testin neden herhangi bir karışıklığı önlemek için proaktif bir yol sağladığını gösterir.</p><h2 id="feature-status-ozellik-durumu" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#feature-status-ozellik-durumu" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Feature Status (Özellik Durumu)</h2><p>Solana feature status komutuyla belirli bir küme için hangi özelliklerin etkinleştirildiğini kontrol etmek oldukça kolaydır.</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana feature status -ud // Displays by feature status for devnet
solana feature status -ut // Displays for testnet
solana feature status -um // Displays for mainnet-beta
solana feature status -ul // Displays for local, requires running solana-test-validator
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>Alternatif olarak, kümeler genelinde tüm özellik durumunu gözlemlemek için <code>solana-test-validator</code>'ın çalışmasını gerektirmeyen ve aşağıdaki ekranda gösterilen <a href="#resources">scfsd</a> gibi bir araç kullanabilirsiniz:</p><img src="/assets/scfsd.cc67ec33.png" alt="Feature Status Heatmap"><h2 id="parity-testing-parite-testi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#parity-testing-parite-testi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Parity Testing (Parite Testi)</h2><p>Yukarıda belirtildiği gibi, <code>solana-test-validator</code>, <strong>tüm</strong> özellikleri otomatik olarak etkinleştirir. "Devnet, testnet ve hatta mainnet-beta ile paritesi olan bir ortamda yerel olarak nasıl test edebilirim?" sorusuna cevap verecek olursak:</p><p>Çözüm: Özelliklerin devre dışı bırakılmasına izin vermek için Solana 1.9.6'ya PR'ler eklendi:</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature <FEATURE_PUBKEY> ...
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h2 id="simple-demonstration-basit-gosterim" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#simple-demonstration-basit-gosterim" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Simple Demonstration (Basit Gösterim)</h2><p>Aldığı verileri giriş noktasında kaydeden basit bir programınız olduğunu varsayalım. Ve programınız için iki (2) talimat ekleyen bir işlemi test ediyorsunuz.</p><h3 id="all-features-activated-tum-ozellikler-aktiflestirildi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#all-features-activated-tum-ozellikler-aktiflestirildi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> All features activated (Tüm özellikler aktifleştirildi)</h3><ol><li>Test doğrulayıcıyı bir terminalde başlatırsınız:</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana config set -ul
solana-test-validator -l ./ledger --bpf-program ADDRESS target/deploy/PROGNAME.so --reset`
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><ol start="2"><li>Başka bir terminalde günlük aktarıcıyı başlatırsınız:</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana logs
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ol start="3"><li>Daha sonra işleminizi yürütürsünüz. Günlük terminalinde benzer bir şey görürsünüz (netlik için düzenlenmiştir):</li></ol><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1]
Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[0]
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 200000 compute units
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1]
Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[1]
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 187157 compute units
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success[
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><p>'transaction işlem sınırı' özelliğimiz varsayılan olarak otomatik olarak etkinleştirildiğinden, her talimatın CU'yu başlangıç İşlem bütçesi olan 200_000 CU'dan aşağı çektiğini gözlemleriz.</p><h3 id="selective-features-deactivated-secici-ozellikler-devre-dısı-bırakıldı" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#selective-features-deactivated-secici-ozellikler-devre-dısı-bırakıldı" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Selective features deactivated (Seçici özellikler devre dışı bırakıldı)</h3><p>Bu çalıştırma için, CU bütçe davranışının devnet'te yürütülenle aynı olması için çalıştırmak istiyoruz. Feature Status’ta açıklanan araç(lar)ı kullanarak, işlem genelinde işlem üst sınırı public key’i izole eder ve test doğrulayıcı başlangıcında <code>--deactivate-feature</code> kullanırız.</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator -l ./ledger --deactivate-feature 5ekBxc8itEnPv4NzGJtr8BVVQLNMQuLMNQQj7pHoLNZ9 --bpf-program target/deploy/PROGNAME.so --reset`
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Artık günlüklerimizde, talimatlarımızın şu anda tüm yukarı akış kümelerinde durum olan kendi 200_000 CU bütçesine (açıklık için düzenlenmiş) sahip olduğunu görüyoruz:</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1]
Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[0]
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 200000 compute units
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc invoke [1]
Program log: process_instruction: PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc: 0 accounts, data=[0]
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc consumed 12843 of 200000 compute units
Program PWDnx8LkjJUn9bAVzG6Fp6BuvB41x7DkBZdo9YLMGcc success
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><p>Full Parity Testing (Tam Parite Testi) Henüz etkinleştirilmemiş her bir özelliği tanımlayarak ve <code>solana-test-validator</code>'ı çağırırken her biri için bir <code>--deactivate-feature <FEATURE_PUBKEY></code> ekleyerek belirli bir küme ile tam eşlilik içinde olabilirsiniz:</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature PUBKEY_1 --deactivate-feature PUBKEY_2 ...
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Alternatif olarak, scfsd, bir kümenin doğrudan <code>solana-test-validator</code> başlangıcına beslenmesi için tüm devre dışı bırakılmış özellik setinin çıktısını almak için bir komut anahtarı sağlar:</p><div class="language-console ext-console line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-console"><code>solana-test-validator -l ./.ledger $(scfsd -c devnet -k -t)
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Doğrulayıcı çalışırken başka bir terminal açarsanız ve <code>solana feature status</code>’ın devnet'te devre dışı bulunan özelliklerin devre dışı olduğunu göreceksiniz.</p><h2 id="full-parity-testing-programmatically-programlı-olarak-tam-parite-testi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#full-parity-testing-programmatically-programlı-olarak-tam-parite-testi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Full Parity Testing Programmatically (Programlı Olarak Tam Parite Testi)</h2><p>Test doğrulayıcının kendi test kodu içinde çalıştırılmasını kontrol edenler için, TestValidatorGenesis kullanılarak test doğrulayıcı etkinleştirilen/devre dışı bırakılan özelliklerin değiştirilmesi mümkündür. Solana 1.9.6 ile bunu desteklemek için doğrulayıcı oluşturucuya bir işlev eklendi.</p><p>Program klasörünüzün kökünde, <code>tests</code> adlı yeni bir klasör oluşturun ve bir <code>parity_test.rs</code> dosyası ekleyin. İşte her test tarafından kullanılan bazı genel fonksiyonlar:</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Setup the test validator passing features</span>
<span class="token comment">/// you want to deactivate before running transactions</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">>></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Extend environment variable to include our program location</span>
<span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>env<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">set_var</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"BPF_OUT_DIR"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Instantiate the test validator</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> test_validator <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">TestValidatorGenesis</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Once instantiated, TestValidatorGenesis configuration functions follow</span>
<span class="token comment">// a builder pattern enabling chaining of settings function calls</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator
<span class="token comment">// Set the ledger path and name</span>
<span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --ledger <DIR>`</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ledger_path</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// Load our program. Ignored if reusing ledger</span>
<span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --bpf-program <ADDRESS_OR_PATH BPF_PROGRAM.SO>`</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add_program</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_NAME</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// Identify features to deactivate. Ignored if reusing ledger</span>
<span class="token comment">// maps to `solana-test-validator --deactivate-feature <FEATURE_PUBKEY>`</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">deactivate_features</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// Start the test validator</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> kp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Convenience function to remove existing ledger before TestValidatorGenesis setup</span>
<span class="token comment">/// maps to `solana-test-validator ... --reset`</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">TestValidator</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Keypair</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">>></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token class-name">PathBuf</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">from_str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">exists</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">remove_dir_all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">LEDGER_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token function">setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>invalidate_features<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Submits a transaction with programs instruction</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Boiler plate</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
rpc_client<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">RpcClient</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
instructions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Signature</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">dyn</span> <span class="token namespace">std<span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token operator">>></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> transaction <span class="token operator">=</span>
<span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_unsigned</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>instructions<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> recent_blockhash <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_latest_blockhash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"error: unable to get recent blockhash: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
transaction
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>wallet_signer<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> recent_blockhash<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"error: failed to sign transaction: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> signature <span class="token operator">=</span> rpc_client
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send_and_confirm_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>transaction<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map_err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token closure-params"><span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span>err<span class="token closure-punctuation punctuation">|</span></span> <span class="token macro property">format!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"error: send transaction: {}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br></div></div><p>Şimdi, <code>mod test {...}</code> gövdesine test işlevleri ekleyebiliriz. Bu sayede, varsayılan doğrulayıcı kurulumunu (tüm özellikler etkin) gösterebilir ve ardından <code>transaction wide compute cap</code>’i devre dışı bırakibiliriz (<code>solana-test-validator</code> çalıştıran önceki örneklerde olduğu gibi).</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">test_deactivate_tx_cu_pass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Run with all features activated except 'transaction wide compute cap'</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> inv_feat <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">TXWIDE_LIMITS</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Start validator with clean (new) ledger</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> main_payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>inv_feat<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Get the RpcClient</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_rpc_client</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Capture our programs log statements</span>
<span class="token namespace">solana_logger<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">setup_with_default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"solana_runtime::message=debug"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// This example doesn't require sending any accounts to program</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Build instruction array and submit transaction</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>main_payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token comment">// This instruction adds CU to transaction budget (1.9.2) but does nothing</span>
<span class="token comment">// when we deactivate the 'transaction wide compute cap' feature</span>
<span class="token class-name">ComputeBudgetInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">request_units</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">400_000u32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Add two (2) instructions to transaction</span>
<span class="token comment">// Replace with instructions that make sense for your program</span>
<span class="token comment">// You will see that each instruction has the 1.8.x 200_000 CU per budget</span>
<span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><p>Alternatif olarak, <a href="#resources">scfs engine gadget</a>'ı, bir küme için tam bir devre dışı bırakılmış özellikler vektörü üretebilir. Aşağıdaki, devnet için tüm devre dışı bırakılmış özelliklerin bir listesini almak için bu motorun kullanıldığını gösterir.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[test]</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">test_devnet_parity_pass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Use gadget-scfs to get all deactivated features from devnet</span>
<span class="token comment">// must have `gadgets-scfs = "0.2.0" in Cargo.toml to use</span>
<span class="token comment">// Here we setup for a run that samples features only</span>
<span class="token comment">// from devnet</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> my_matrix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ScfsMatrix</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ScfsCriteria</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
clusters<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token macro property">vec!</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token constant">SCFS_DEVNET</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token class-name">Default</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Run the sampler matrix</span>
<span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>my_matrix<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Get all deactivated features</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> deactivated <span class="token operator">=</span> my_matrix
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_features</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">ScfsMatrix</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span>any_inactive<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Confirm we have them</span>
<span class="token macro property">assert_ne!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>deactivated<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// Setup test validator and logging while deactivating all</span>
<span class="token comment">// features that are deactivated in devnet</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>test_validator<span class="token punctuation">,</span> main_payer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">clean_ledger_setup_validator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>deactivated<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> test_validator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_rpc_client</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token namespace">solana_logger<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">setup_with_default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"solana_runtime::message=debug"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> txn <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">submit_transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>connection<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span>main_payer<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token comment">// Add two (2) instructions to transaction</span>
<span class="token comment">// Replace with instructions that make sense for your program</span>
<span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token number">0u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">Instruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new_with_borsh</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">PROG_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token number">1u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_vec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">assert!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>txn<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">is_ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br></div></div><p>Mutlu Testler!</p><h2 id="resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resources</h2><p><a href="https://github.com/FrankC01/solana-gadgets/tree/main/rust/scfsd" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">scfsd<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://github.com/FrankC01/solana-gadgets/tree/main/rust/gadgets-scfs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">gadget-scfs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: rukiyebeyzasarikaya@hotmail.com">rbeyzas</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><!----></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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<!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Başlarken <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Cookbook"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Cookbook <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Temel Kavramlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs (Programlar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs (Programlar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions (İşlemler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions (İşlemler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Kılavuzlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data (Serileştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data (Serileştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html#how-can-you-migrate-a-program-s-data-accounts-programların-veri-account-ları-nasıl-tasınır" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="How can you migrate a program's data accounts? (Programların veri account’ları nasıl taşınır)"><!--[--><!--]--> How can you migrate a program's data accounts? (Programların veri account’ları nasıl taşınır) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html#scenario-senaryo" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Scenario (Senaryo)"><!--[--><!--]--> Scenario (Senaryo) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html#upgrading-the-account-account-ı-yukseltme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Upgrading the Account (Account’ı Yükseltme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Upgrading the Account (Account’ı Yükseltme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html#_1-add-account-conversion-logic-hesap-donusturme-mantıgı-ekleme" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="1. Add account conversion logic (Hesap dönüştürme mantığı ekleme)"><!--[--><!--]--> 1. Add account conversion logic (Hesap dönüştürme mantığı ekleme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html#resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları)"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referanslar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="migrating-a-programs-data-accounts-programların-data-account-larını-tasıma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#migrating-a-programs-data-accounts-programların-data-account-larını-tasıma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma)</h1><h2 id="how-can-you-migrate-a-program-s-data-accounts-programların-veri-account-ları-nasıl-tasınır" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#how-can-you-migrate-a-program-s-data-accounts-programların-veri-account-ları-nasıl-tasınır" aria-hidden="true">#</a> How can you migrate a program's data accounts? (Programların veri account’ları nasıl taşınır)</h2><p>Bir program oluşturduğunuzda, o programla ilişkili her bir veri account'ının belirli bir veri yapısı olacaktır. Programdan türetilen bir account'ı yükseltmeniz gerekirse, eski yapıya sahip bir sürü programdan türetilmiş account kalır.</p><p>Hesap versiyonlama ile eski account'larınızı yeni yapıya yükseltebilirsiniz.</p><p>:::Not Bu, Programa Ait Hesaplarda (POA) verileri taşımanın birçok yolundan yalnızca biridir. :::</p><h2 id="scenario-senaryo" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#scenario-senaryo" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Scenario (Senaryo)</h2><p>Hesap verilerimizi sürümlendirmek ve taşımak için her account için bir kimlik sağlayacağız. Bu kimlik, programa aktardığımızda account sürümünü tanımlamamızı ve böylece account'ı doğru şekilde işlememizi sağlayacaktır.</p><p>Aşağıdaki account durumunu ve programını alalım:</p><img src="/assets/pav1.1b0417ca.png" alt="Program Account v1"><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><p>Bir account'ın ilk versiyonunda aşağıdakileri yapıyoruz:</p><table><thead><tr><th>ID</th><th>Action</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Verilerinize bir 'veri sürümü' alanı ekleyin. Basit bir artan sıra (ör. u8) veya daha karmaşık bir şey olabilir.</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Veri büyümesi için yeterli alan ayırın.</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Program sürümlerinde kullanılacak bir array sabiti başlatın.</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Gelecekteki yükseltmeler için <code>fn conversion_logic</code> altına bir güncelleme account'ı işlevi ekleyin.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Diyelim ki programımızın account'larını yeni bir zorunlu alan, <code>somestring</code> alanı içerecek şekilde yükseltmek istiyoruz.</p><p>Bir önceki account'ta fazladan yer ayırmasaydık account'ı yükseltemez ve takılıp kalırdık.</p><h2 id="upgrading-the-account-account-ı-yukseltme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#upgrading-the-account-account-ı-yukseltme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Upgrading the Account (Account’ı Yükseltme)</h2><p>Yeni programımızda içerik durumu için yeni bir özellik eklemek istiyoruz. Bunu takip eden değişiklikler, ilk program yapılarını şimdi kullanıma girdiklerinde nasıl kullandığımızdır.</p><h3 id="_1-add-account-conversion-logic-hesap-donusturme-mantıgı-ekleme" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-add-account-conversion-logic-hesap-donusturme-mantıgı-ekleme" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 1. Add account conversion logic (Hesap dönüştürme mantığı ekleme)</h3><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">/// Current state (DATA_VERSION 1). If version changes occur, this</span>
<span class="token comment">/// should be copied to another (see AccountContentOld below)</span>
<span class="token comment">/// We've added a new field: 'somestring'</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> somestring<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Old content state (DATA_VERSION 0).</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">AccountContentOld</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> somevalue<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Maintains account data</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">ProgramAccountState</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
is_initialized<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data_version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
account_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">AccountContentCurrent</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><table><thead><tr><th>Satırlar</th><th>Not</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>6</td><td>Daha büyük veri bloğundan veri alt kümelerini okumayı basitleştirmek için Solana'nın <code>solana_program::borsh::try_from_slice_unchecked</code> programını ekledik</td></tr><tr><td>13-26</td><td>Burada, <code>AccountContentCurrent</code>'ı 17. satırdan başlayarak genişletmeden önce, <code>AccountContentOld</code> satır 24 olan eski içerik yapısını koruduk.</td></tr><tr><td>60</td><td><code>DATA_VERSION</code> sabitini bump ettik.</td></tr><tr><td>71</td><td>Artık bir 'önceki' versiyonumuz var ve boyutunu bilmek istiyoruz.</td></tr><tr><td>86</td><td>Coup de grâce, önceki içerik durumunu yeni (mevcut) içerik durumuna yükseltti.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Daha sonra, <code>somestring</code> ve işlemciyi güncellemek için yeni bir tane eklemek üzere talimatlarımızı güncelleriz. Veri yapısının 'yükseltilmesinin', <code>pack/unpack</code> (paketleme/paket açma) işleminin arkasında kapsüllendiğine dikkat edin.</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token comment">//! instruction Contains the main VersionProgramInstruction enum</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token class-name">BorshDeserialize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">BorshSerialize</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token namespace">solana_program<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token namespace">borsh<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span>try_from_slice_unchecked<span class="token punctuation">,</span> msg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">program_error<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize, Debug, PartialEq)]</span>
<span class="token comment">/// All custom program instructions</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">u64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">SetString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Added with data version change</span>
<span class="token class-name">FailInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">/// Unpack inbound buffer to associated Instruction</span>
<span class="token comment">/// The expected format for input is a Borsh serialized vector</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">unpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">u8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">Result</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">Self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> payload <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// let payload = VersionProgramInstruction::try_from_slice(input).unwrap();</span>
<span class="token keyword">match</span> payload <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InitializeAccount</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetU64Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">VersionProgramInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">SetString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>_<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>payload<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Added with data version change</span>
_ <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">DataVersionError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><p>Bir talimat oluşturup gönderdikten sonra: <code>VersionProgramInstruction::SetString(String)</code> artık aşağıdaki 'yükseltilmiş' account veri düzenine sahibiz.</p><img src="/assets/pav2.1ef612b4.png" alt="Program Account v2"><h2 id="resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://borsh.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Borsh Specification<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/master/sdk/program/src/borsh.rs#L67" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana <code>try_from_slice_unchecked</code><span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/FrankC01/versioning-solana" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Reference Implementation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: rukiyebeyzasarikaya@hotmail.com">rbeyzas</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="" aria-label="Serializing Data (Serileştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data (Serileştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları)"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs (Programlar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs (Programlar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions (İşlemler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions (İşlemler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Kılavuzlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing 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aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#facts-ozet-bilgiler" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts (Özet Bilgiler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts (Özet Bilgiler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#runtime-testing-and-debugging-in-editor-editorde-runtime-test-ve-hata-ayıklama" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Runtime Testing and Debugging in editor (Editörde Runtime Test ve Hata Ayıklama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Runtime Testing and Debugging in editor (Editörde Runtime Test ve Hata Ayıklama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#local-validator-node-testing-in-editor-duzenleyicide-yerel-dogrulayıcı-node-testi" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Validator Node Testing in editor (Düzenleyicide Yerel Doğrulayıcı Node Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Validator Node Testing in editor (Düzenleyicide Yerel Doğrulayıcı Node Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#local-validator-node-testing-from-client-apps-client-uygulamalarında-yerel-validator-node-testi" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Validator Node Testing from Client Apps (Client Uygulamalarında Yerel Validator Node Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Validator Node Testing from Client Apps (Client Uygulamalarında Yerel Validator Node Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html#resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referanslar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="debugging-solana-programs-solana-programlarında-hata-ayıklama" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#debugging-solana-programs-solana-programlarında-hata-ayıklama" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama)</h1><p>Bir Solana programını test etmek ve hata ayıklamak için bir dizi seçenek ve destekleyici araç vardır.</p><h2 id="facts-ozet-bilgiler" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts-ozet-bilgiler" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts (Özet Bilgiler)</h2><p>:::Bilgi Tablosu</p><ul><li>Crate <code>solana-program-test</code>, programınızı etkileşimli olarak test edebileceğiniz ve hatalarını ayıklayabileceğiniz (örn. vscode’da) temel yerel çalışma zamanının kullanılmasını sağlar.</li><li>Crate <code>solana-validator</code>, <strong>yerel bir validator node</strong>’da gerçekleşen daha sağlam testler için <code>solana-test-validator</code> uygulamasının kullanılmasını sağlar. Düzenleyiciden çalıştırabilirsiniz <strong>ancak programdaki kesme noktaları yok sayılır</strong>.</li><li>CLI aracı <code>solana-test-validator</code> programınızı çalıştırır & yükler ve komut satırı Rust uygulamalarından veya web3 kullanan Javascript/Typescript uygulamalarından işlem yürütmeyi sağlar.</li><li>Yukarıdaki tüm durumlar için, programınızda <code>msg!</code> makrosunun liberal bir şekilde kullanımı önerilir ve daha sonra test etme ve solid davranışı sağlama gerektiğinde bunları kaldırın. Unutmayın ki <code>msg!</code> Compute Units tüketir, bu nedenle Compute Unit bütçesi sınırlarını zorlayarak programınızı başarısızlığa uğratabilir. :::</li></ul><p>Aşağıdaki bölümlerdeki adımlar <a href="#resources">solana-program-bpf-template</a> kullanır. Bunu makinenize klonlayın:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">git</span> clone git@github.com:mvines/solana-bpf-program-template.git
<span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> solana-bpf-program-template
code <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h2 id="runtime-testing-and-debugging-in-editor-editorde-runtime-test-ve-hata-ayıklama" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#runtime-testing-and-debugging-in-editor-editorde-runtime-test-ve-hata-ayıklama" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Runtime Testing and Debugging in editor (Editörde Runtime Test ve Hata Ayıklama)</h2><p><code>src/lib.rs</code> dosyasını açın</p><ol><li><code>#[cfg(test)]</code> bölümüne gidin ve <code>Run Tests</code>'e tıklayın. Bu, programı oluşturacak ve ardından <code>async fn test_transaction()</code> testini yürütecektir. Kaynağın altındaki vscode terminalinde günlük mesajlarını (basitleştirilmiş) göreceksiniz.</li></ol><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>running <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span>
<span class="token string">"bpf_program_template"</span> program loaded as native code
Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM invoke <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
Program log: process_instruction: 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM: <span class="token number">1</span> accounts, <span class="token assign-left variable">data</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span>, <span class="token number">2</span>, <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM success
<span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> test::test_transaction <span class="token punctuation">..</span>. ok
<span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> result: ok. <span class="token number">1</span> passed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> failed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> ignored<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> measured<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> filtered out<span class="token punctuation">;</span> finished <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">33</span>.41s
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><ol start="2"><li>Programların msg! satırında bir kesme noktası ayarlayın (11)</li><li>Test modülüne geri dönün, <code>Debug</code>'a tıklayın ve saniyeler içinde hata ayıklayıcı kesme noktasında duracaktır ve şimdi verileri inceleyebilirsiniz, işlevler arasında adım adım, vb.</li></ol><p>Bu testler ayrıca şu komut satırından yürütülür: <code>cargo test</code> veya <code>cargo test-bpf</code>. Elbette herhangi bir kesme noktası göz ardı edilecektir.</p><p>Harika gidiyorsun!</p><p>:::Not</p><p>Validator node kullanmadığınızı ve bu nedenle varsayılan programlar, blockhash vb.'nin temsil edilmediğini veya validator node çalışırken olduğu gibi davranmayacağınızı unutmayın. Bu yüzden Solana'da ekibi bize Local Validator Node testi verdi! :::</p><h2 id="local-validator-node-testing-in-editor-duzenleyicide-yerel-dogrulayıcı-node-testi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#local-validator-node-testing-in-editor-duzenleyicide-yerel-dogrulayıcı-node-testi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Local Validator Node Testing in editor (Düzenleyicide Yerel Doğrulayıcı Node Testi)</h2><p>Yerel bir validator node’un programlı yüklenmesini kullanan entegrasyon testi, <code>tests/integration.rs</code> dosyasında tanımlanır.</p><p>Varsayılan olarak, şablon deposu entegrasyon testleri yalnızca <code>cargo test-bpf</code> kullanılarak komut satırından çalıştırılabilir. Aşağıdaki adımlar, düzenleyici içinde çalışmanıza ve programınızdan program doğrulayıcı günlüklerini ve <code>msg!</code> çıktılarını görüntülemenize olanak tanır:</p><ol><li>Örnek programı oluşturmak için repo dizininde <code>cargo build-bpf</code> komutunu çalıştırın</li><li>Düzenleyicide, <code>tests/integration.rs</code> dosyasını açın</li><li><ol><li>satırı yorumlayın -><code>// #![cfg(feature = "test-bpf")]</code></li></ol></li><li><ol start="19"><li>satırda şunu okuyun: <code>.add_program("target/deploy/bpf_program_template", program_id)</code></li></ol></li><li>Aşağıdakini 22. satıra yerleştirin: <code>solana_logger::setup_with_default("solana_runtime::message=debug");</code></li><li><code>test_validator_transaction()</code> işlevinin üzerindeki <code>Run Test</code>'e tıklayın</li></ol><p>Bu, validator node’u yükleyecek ve ardından bir işlem (Rust yolu) oluşturmanıza ve <code>RcpClient</code>'i kullanarak node’a göndermenize izin verecektir.</p><p>Programın çıktısı da editör terminalinde yazdırılacaktır. Örneğin (basitleştirilmiş):</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>running <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span>
Waiting <span class="token keyword">for</span> fees to stabilize <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
Waiting <span class="token keyword">for</span> fees to stabilize <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM invoke <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
Program log: process_instruction: 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM: <span class="token number">1</span> accounts, <span class="token assign-left variable">data</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span>, <span class="token number">2</span>, <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM consumed <span class="token number">13027</span> of <span class="token number">200000</span> compute <span class="token function">units</span>
Program 4uQeVj5tqViQh7yWWGStvkEG1Zmhx6uasJtWCJziofM success
<span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> test_validator_transaction <span class="token punctuation">..</span>. ok
<span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> result: ok. <span class="token number">1</span> passed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> failed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> ignored<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> measured<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> filtered out<span class="token punctuation">;</span> finished <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">6</span>.40s
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p>Burada hata ayıklama, test gövdesinde kullanılan işlevler ve yöntemlerde hata ayıklamanıza izin verir ancak programınızda kesme noktası oluşturmaz.</p><p>Mükemmel değil mi?</p><h2 id="local-validator-node-testing-from-client-apps-client-uygulamalarında-yerel-validator-node-testi" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#local-validator-node-testing-from-client-apps-client-uygulamalarında-yerel-validator-node-testi" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Local Validator Node Testing from Client Apps (Client Uygulamalarında Yerel Validator Node Testi)</h2><p>Son olarak, yerel bir validator node’u başlatabilir ve komut satırından solana-test-validator kullanarak programınızı ve tüm account'larınızı yükleyebilirsiniz.</p><p>Bu yaklaşımda, ya Rust <a href="#resources">RcpClient</a> kullanan ya da JavaScript veya TypeScript client'larında bir client uygulamasına ihtiyacınız olacak.</p><p>Daha fazla ayrıntı ve seçenek için <code>solana-test-validator --help</code> bölümüne <a href="#resources">JavaScript veya Typescript clients</a>’larına bakın. Örnek program için kurulum burada:</p><ol><li>Repo klasöründe bir terminal açın</li><li>Yapılandırmayı yerele işaret edecek şekilde ayarlamak için <code>solana config set -ul</code> komutunu çalıştırın</li><li><code>solana-test-validator --bpf-program target/deploy/bpf_program_template-keypair.json target/deploy/bpf_program_template.so</code>'yu çalıştırın</li><li>Başka bir terminal açın ve günlük aktarıcıyı başlatmak için <code>solana logs</code>’u çalıştırın</li><li>Daha sonra client programınızı çalıştırabilir ve günlük aktarıcıyı başlattığınız terminalde program çıktısını gözlemleyebilirsiniz.</li></ol><h2 id="resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Resources</h2><p><a href="https://github.com/mvines/solana-bpf-program-template" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">solana-program-bpf-template<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://docs.rs/solana-client/latest/solana_client/rpc_client/struct.RpcClient.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RcpClient<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><p><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JavaScript/Typescript Library<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: rukiyebeyzasarikaya@hotmail.com">rbeyzas</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları)"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia"><!--[--><!--]--> Bahasa Indonesia <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/kr/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="한국어"><!--[--><!--]--> 한국어 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active" aria-label="Türkçe"><!--[--><!--]--> Türkçe <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/ja/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="日本語"><!--[--><!--]--> 日本語 <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><li class="navbar-dropdown-item"><a href="/fil/guides/account-maps.html" class="" aria-label="Filipino"><!--[--><!--]--> Filipino <!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Başlarken <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Cookbook"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Cookbook <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Temel Kavramlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs (Programlar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs (Programlar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions (İşlemler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions (İşlemler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Kılavuzlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data (Serileştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data (Serileştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları)"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html#deriving-pdas" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deriving PDAs"><!--[--><!--]--> Deriving PDAs <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html#single-map-account" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Single Map Account"><!--[--><!--]--> Single Map Account <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referanslar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="account-maps-hesap-haritaları" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#account-maps-hesap-haritaları" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları)</h1><p>Maps, bir key’i bir tür değerle ilişkilendirmek için programlamada sıklıkla kullandığımız veri yapılarıdır. <strong>Key</strong> ve <strong>değer</strong> herhangi bir türde olabilir ve key, kaydedilmekte olan belirli bir değer için tanımlayıcı görevi görür. Daha sonra, key’i verildiğinde, bu değerleri verimli bir şekilde eklememize, almamıza ve güncellememize izin verir.</p><p>Solana'nın Hesap modeli, bildiğimiz gibi, program verilerinin ve ilgili durum verilerinin farklı account'larda depolanmasını gerektirir. Bu account'ların kendileriyle ilişkili bir adresi vardır. Bu, kendi içinde bir map görevi görür! Solana'nın Hesap modu hakkında daha fazla bilgiyi <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/core-concepts/accounts.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">buradan<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> edinebilirsiniz.</p><p>Bu nedenle, değeri almak için gereken key adresiyle değerlerinizi ayrı account'larda saklamak mantıklı olacaktır. Ancak bu, aşağıdaki gibi birkaç sorunu beraberinde getirir:</p><ul><li><p>Yukarıda bahsedilen adresler, büyük olasılıkla, hatırlayabileceğiniz ve gerekli değeri alabileceğiniz ideal <strong>key</strong>’ler olmayacaktır.</p></li><li><p>Yukarıda bahsedilen adresler, her bir public key’in (veya adresin) kendisiyle ilişkilendirilmiş bir <strong>private key</strong>’e sahip olacağı farklı <strong>Keypair</strong>’lerin public key’lerine atıfta bulunur. Bu private key, gerektiğinde ve gerektiğinde farklı talimatları imzalamak için gerekli olacaktır, bu da private key’i bir yerde saklamamızı gerektirir, ki bu kesinlikle önerilmez!</p></li></ul><p>Bu, birçok Solana geliştiricisinin karşılaştığı ve programlarına <code>Map</code> benzeri bir logic uygulayan bir sorun sunuyor. Bu sorunla nasıl başa çıkacağımıza birkaç yoldan bakalım:</p><h2 id="deriving-pdas" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deriving-pdas" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deriving PDAs</h2><p>PDA, <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/references/accounts.html#program-derived-address" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Program Derived Address<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> (Programdan Türetilmiş Adres) anlamına gelir ve kısaca, bir dizi seed ve bir program kimliğinden (veya adresinden) türetilen adreslerdir.</p><p>PDA'larla ilgili benzersiz olan şey, bu adreslerin herhangi bir private key ile ilişkili olmamasıdır. Bunun nedeni, bu adreslerin ED25519 eğrisi üzerinde yer almamasıdır. Bu nedenle, yalnızca bu adresin türetildiği program, seedler de sağlanmışsa, key’le bir talimat imzalayabilir. Bu konuda <a href="https://solanacookbook.com/references/programs.html#create-a-program-derived-address" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">buradan<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> daha fazla bilgi edinebilirsiniz.</p><p>Artık PDA'ların ne olduğu hakkında bir fikrimiz olduğuna göre, onları bazı account'ları eşleştirmek için kullanalım! Bunun nasıl uygulanacağını göstermek için bir <strong>Blog</strong> programı örneği alacağız.</p><p>Bu Blog programında, her <code>Kullanıcı</code>nın(User) tek bir <code>Blog</code>'u olmasını istiyoruz. Bu blog herhangi bir sayıda <code>Post</code> içerebilir. Bu, her kullanıcıyı bir blogla eşleştirdiğimiz (<strong>mapping</strong>) ve her yazının belirli bir blogla eşleştirildiği (<strong>mapped</strong>) anlamına gelir.</p><p>Kısacası, bir kullanıcı ile blogu arasında <code>1:1</code> eşleme varken, blog ve gönderileri arasında <code>1:N</code> eşleme vardır.</p><p><code>1:1</code> eşleme için, bir blog adresinin yalnızca kullanıcısından türetilmesini isteriz; bu, yetkisi (veya kullanıcısı) verildiğinde bir blogu geri almamıza izin verir. Bu nedenle, bir blogun seed’leri, authority's key’den(otorite anahtarından) ve muhtemelen bir tür tanımlayıcısı olarak işlev görmesi için "blog" ön ekinden oluşacaktır. <code>1:N</code> eşleme için, her bir gönderinin adresinin yalnızca ilişkili olduğu blogdan değil, aynı zamanda blogdaki N sayıda gönderi arasında ayrım yapmamıza izin veren başka bir tanımlayıcıdan türetilmesini isteriz. Aşağıdaki örnekte, her gönderinin adresi, <strong>blog anahtarından</strong>, her gönderiyi tanımlamak için bir <strong>bilgi işaretinden</strong> ve bir tür tanımlayıcısı olarak işlev görmek için "<strong>Post</strong>" ön ekinden türetilmiştir.</p><p>Kod aşağıda gösterildiği gibidir:</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(blog_account_bump: u8)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">InitializeBlog</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
#<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
init<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">b"blog"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
authority<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
bump <span class="token operator">=</span> blog_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[derive(Accounts)]</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[instruction(post_account_bump: u8, post: Post)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">CreatePost</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut, has_one = authority)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> blog_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Blog</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
#<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
init<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
seeds <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">b"post"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
blog_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
post<span class="token punctuation">.</span>slug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
bump <span class="token operator">=</span> post_account_bump<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
payer <span class="token operator">=</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> post_account<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Account</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Post</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[account(mut)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> authority<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Signer</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> system_program<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Program</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">'info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><p>Client tarafında, gerekli <code>Blog</code> ve <code>Post</code> account'ı adresini almak için <code>PublicKey.findProgramAddress()</code>'i kullanabilirsiniz; bu adresi account verilerini almak için <code>connection.getAccountInfo()</code>'ya aktarabilirsiniz. Aşağıda bir örnek gösterilmiştir:</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"http://localhost:8899"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"blog"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> PublicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findProgramAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"post"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"slug-1"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>blogAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> blogAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">BLOG_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
blogAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Blog account state: "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> blogAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>postAccount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> postAccountState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">POST_ACCOUNT_DATA_LAYOUT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
postAccountInfo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Post account state: "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> postAccountState<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><h2 id="single-map-account" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#single-map-account" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Single Map Account</h2><p>Mapping uygulamanın başka bir yolu, tek bir account'ta açık olarak saklanan bir <code>BTreeMap</code> veri yapısına sahip olmaktır. Bu account'ın adresi bir PDA veya oluşturulan bir Keypair’in public key’i olabilir.</p><p>Bu yöntem aşağıdaki nedenlerden dolayı ideal değildir:</p><ul><li><p>Gerekli key/value pairs çiftlerini buna eklemeden önce, önce <code>BTreeMap</code>'i depolayan account'ı başlatmanız gerekecektir. Ardından, her seferinde güncellemek için bu account'ın adresini de bir yere kaydetmeniz gerekir.</p></li><li><p>Bir account'ın, bir account'ın maksimum 10 megabayt boyutuna sahip olabileceği ve BTreeMap'in çok sayıda key/value pairs depolamasını kısıtlayan bellek sınırlamaları vardır.</p></li></ul><p>Bu nedenle, kullanım durumunuzu düşündükten sonra, bu yöntemi aşağıda gösterildiği gibi uygulayabilirsiniz:</p><div class="language-rust ext-rs line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-rust"><code><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_init_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> authority_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> system_program <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>map_pda<span class="token punctuation">,</span> map_bump<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">find_program_address</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">b"map"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> map_pda <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_writable <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">data_is_empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Rent</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> rent_lamports <span class="token operator">=</span> rent<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">minimum_balance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> create_map_ix <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token namespace">system_instruction<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">create_account</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
rent_lamports<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token constant">LEN</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">try_into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
program_id
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Creating MapAccount account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">invoke_signed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
create_map_ix<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
authority_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
system_program<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">b"map"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ref</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>map_bump<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Deserializing MapAccount account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">BTreeMap</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_initialized <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map <span class="token operator">=</span> empty_map<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Serializing MapAccount account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">process_insert_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token class-name">AccountInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> program_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token class-name">Pubkey</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-></span> <span class="token class-name">ProgramResult</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> account_info_iter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> a_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> b_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> map_account <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">next_account_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account_info_iter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>is_signer <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ProgramError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">MissingRequiredSignature</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>owner <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>program_id <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">InvalidMapAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Deserializing MapAccount account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">try_from_slice_unchecked</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token class-name">MapAccount</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span>map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">contains_key</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token class-name">Err</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">BlogError</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">AccountAlreadyHasEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">into</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>a_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>b_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token macro property">msg!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Serializing MapAccount account"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
map_state<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> map_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">borrow_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br><span class="line-number">77</span><br><span class="line-number">78</span><br><span class="line-number">79</span><br><span class="line-number">80</span><br><span class="line-number">81</span><br><span class="line-number">82</span><br><span class="line-number">83</span><br><span class="line-number">84</span><br><span class="line-number">85</span><br><span class="line-number">86</span><br><span class="line-number">87</span><br><span class="line-number">88</span><br><span class="line-number">89</span><br></div></div><p>Yukarıdaki programı test etmek için Client tarafı kodu aşağıda gösterildiği gibi görünecektir:</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> insertABIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> insertBCIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userB<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> insertCAIx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">TransactionInstruction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
programId<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
keys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userC<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> userA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>publicKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
pubkey<span class="token operator">:</span> mapKey<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isSigner<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
isWritable<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
data<span class="token operator">:</span> Buffer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">from</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Uint8Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> tx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Transaction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>initMapIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertABIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertBCIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
tx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>insertCAIx<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br></div></div><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: rukiyebeyzasarikaya@hotmail.com">rbeyzas</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="" aria-label="Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><span class="next"><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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(Programlar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs (Programlar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions (İşlemler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions (İşlemler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Kılavuzlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html#facts-ozet-bilgiler" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts (Özet Bilgiler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts (Özet Bilgiler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html#deep-dive-derinlemesine-bakıs" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive (Derinlemesine Bakış)"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive (Derinlemesine Bakış) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html#filters" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="filters"><!--[--><!--]--> filters <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html#dataslice" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="dataSlice"><!--[--><!--]--> dataSlice <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html#other-resources" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Other Resources"><!--[--><!--]--> Other Resources <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data (Serileştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data (Serileştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları)"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referanslar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="get-program-accounts" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#get-program-accounts" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Get Program Accounts</h1><p>Bir programın sahip olduğu tüm account'ları döndüren bir RPC yöntemidir. Şu anda pagination desteklenmemektedir. getProgramAccounts requests, yanıt süresini iyileştirmek ve yalnızca amaçlanan sonuçları döndürmek için dataSlice ve/veya filters parametrelerini içermelidir.</p><h2 id="facts-ozet-bilgiler" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts-ozet-bilgiler" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts (Özet Bilgiler)</h2><p>:::Parametreler</p><ul><li><code>programId</code>: <code>string</code> - Sorgulanacak programın public key’i, base58 kodlu bir string olarak sağlanır</li><li>(isteğe bağlı) <code>configOrCommitment</code>: <code>object</code> - Aşağıdaki isteğe bağlı alanları içeren yapılandırma parametreleri: <ul><li>(isteğe bağlı) <code>commitment</code>: <code>string</code> - <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#configuring-state-commitment" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Durum Taahhüdü<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li>(isteğe bağlı) <code>encoding</code>: <code>string</code> - Account verileri için encode: base58, base64 veya jsonParsed’dır. Web3js kullanıcılarının bunun yerine <a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getParsedProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">getParsedProgramAccounts<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> kullanması gerektiğini unutmayın.</li><li>(isteğe bağlı) <code>dataSlice</code>: <code>object</code> - Geri döndürülen account verilerini aşağıdakilere göre sınırlayın: <ul><li><code>offset</code>: <code>number</code> - Geri döndürmeye başlamak için account verisindeki bayt sayısı</li><li><code>length</code>: <code>number</code> - Geri döndürülecek account verilerinin bayt sayısı</li></ul></li><li>(isteğe bağlı) <code>filters</code>: <code>array</code> - Aşağıdaki filters nesnelerini kullanarak sonuçları filtreleyin: <ul><li><code>memcmp</code>: <code>object</code> - Bir dizi baytı account verileriyle eşleştirin: <ul><li><code>offset</code>: <code>number</code> - Karşılaştırmaya başlamak için account verilerinin bayt sayısı</li><li><code>bytes</code>: <code>string</code> - 129 bayt ile sınırlı base58 kodlu string olarak eşleşecek veriler</li></ul></li><li><code>dataSize</code>: <code>number</code> - Account data uzunluğunu sağlanan veri boyutuyla karşılaştırır</li></ul></li><li>(isteğe bağlı) <code>withContext</code>: <code>boolean</code> - Sonucu bir <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#rpcresponse-structure" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RpcResponse JSON nesnesine sarmalayın<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="response" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#response" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Response</h5><p>Varsayılan olarak <code>getProgramAccounts</code>, aşağıdaki yapıya sahip bir dizi JSON nesnesi döndürür:</p><ul><li><code>pubkey</code>: <code>string</code> - Base58 kodlu bir string olarak account'ın pubkeyi</li><li><code>account</code>: <code>object</code> - aşağıdaki alt alanlara sahip bir JSON nesnesi:</li><li><code>lamports</code>: <code>number</code>, account'a atanan lamport sayısı</li><li><code>owner</code>: <code>string</code>, Hesabın atandığı programın base58 kodlu yayın anahtarı</li><li><code>data</code>: <code>string</code> | <code>object</code> - account'la ilişkili veriler, sağlanan kodlama parametresine bağlı olarak kodlanmış binary data veya JSON formatıdır</li><li><code>executable</code>: <code>boolean</code>, Hesap bir program içerp içermediğinin göstergesi</li><li><code>rentEpoch</code>: <code>number</code>, Bu account'ın bir sonraki rent borcunun olacağı epoch :::</li></ul><h2 id="deep-dive-derinlemesine-bakıs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive-derinlemesine-bakıs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive (Derinlemesine Bakış)</h2><p><code>getProgramAccounts</code>, bir programın sahip olduğu tüm account'ları döndüren çok yönlü bir RPC methodudur. <code>getProgramAccounts</code>'u aşağıdakileri bulmak gibi bir dizi yararlı sorgu için kullanabiliriz:</p><ul><li>Belirli bir cüzdan için tüm token account'ları</li><li>Belirli bir mint için tüm token account'ları (tüm <a href="https://www.projectserum.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SRM<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> sahipleri)</li><li>Belirli bir program için tüm private account'lar (tüm <a href="https://mango.markets/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mango<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> kullanıcıları)</li></ul><p>Kullanışlılığına rağmen, <code>getProgramAccounts</code>, mevcut kısıtlamaları nedeniyle genellikle yanlış anlaşılır. <code>getProgramAccounts</code> tarafından desteklenen sorguların çoğu, büyük veri kümelerini taramak için RPC node’larını gerektirir. Bu taramalar hem bellek hem de kaynak yoğundur. Sonuç olarak, çok sık veya çok geniş kapsamlı çağrılar bağlantı zaman aşımlarına neden olabilir. Ayrıca, bu yazının yazıldığı sırada <code>getProgramAccounts</code> uç noktası sayfalandırmayı desteklemez. Bir sorgunun sonuçları çok büyükse, yanıt kesilecektir.</p><p>Bu mevcut kısıtlamaları aşmak için <code>getProgramAccounts</code> bir dizi faydalı parametre sunar: <code>dataSlice</code>, <code>memcmp</code> ve <code>dataSize</code>, <code>filters</code> seçenekleri. Bu parametrelerin kombinasyonlarını sağlayarak sorgularımızın kapsamını yönetilebilir ve öngörülebilir boyutlara indirebiliriz.</p><p>Yaygın bir <code>getProgramAccounts</code> örneği, <a href="https://spl.solana.com/token" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SPL-Token Programı<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ile etkileşimi içerir. Token Programının sahip olduğu tüm account'ları bir <a href="/tr/references/accounts.html#get-program-accounts" class="">basic call</a> ile request etmek, çok büyük miktarda veri gerektirecektir. Ancak parametreleri sağlayarak, yalnızca kullanmayı düşündüğümüz verileri verimli bir şekilde request edebiliriz.</p><h3 id="filters" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#filters" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>filters</code></h3><p><code>getProgramAccounts</code> ile kullanılacak en yaygın parametre <code>filters</code> array’idir. Bu array, <code>dataSize</code> ve <code>memcmp</code> olmak üzere iki tür filtre kabul eder. Bu filtrelerden herhangi birini kullanmadan önce, request ettiğimiz verilerin nasıl düzenlendiğini ve serileştirildiğini bilmeliyiz.</p><h4 id="datasize" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#datasize" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>dataSize</code></h4><p>Token Programı için, <a href="https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-program-library/blob/08d9999f997a8bf38719679be9d572f119d0d960/token/program/src/state.rs#L86-L106" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">token account'larının 165 bayt uzunluğunda<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> olduğunu görebiliriz. Spesifik olarak, bir belirteç account'ının her biri tahmin edilebilir sayıda bayt gerektiren sekiz farklı alanı vardır. Aşağıdaki çizimi kullanarak bu verilerin nasıl düzenlendiğini görselleştirebiliriz.</p><p><img src="/assets/account-size.398f17bf.png" alt="Account Size"></p><p>Cüzdan adresimize ait tüm token account'larını bulmak istiyorsak, sorgumuzun kapsamını tam olarak 165 bayt uzunluğundaki account'lara daraltmak için <code>filters</code> dizimize <code>{ dataSize: 165 }</code> ekleyebiliriz. Ancak bu tek başına yetersiz olacaktır. Ayrıca adresimize ait account'ları arayan bir filtre eklememiz gerekir. Bunu <code>memcmp</code> filtresiyle başarabiliriz</p><h4 id="memcmp" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#memcmp" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>memcmp</code></h4><p><code>memcmp</code> filtresi veya "bellek karşılaştırma" filtresi, account'ımızda depolanan herhangi bir alandaki verileri karşılaştırmamıza olanak tanır. Spesifik olarak, yalnızca belirli bir konumda belirli bir bayt kümesiyle eşleşen account'ları sorgulayabiliriz. <code>memcmp</code> iki argüman gerektirir:</p><ul><li><code>offset</code>: Verileri karşılaştırmaya başlayacağınız konum. Bu konum bayt cinsinden ölçülür ve bir tamsayı olarak ifade edilir.</li><li><code>bytes</code>: Hesabın verileriyle eşleşmesi gereken veriler. Bu, base-58 kodlu bir string olarak temsil edilir, 129 bayttan daha az ile sınırlandırılmalıdır.</li></ul><p><code>Memcmp</code>'nin yalnızca <code>bytes</code> ile tam olarak eşleşen sonuçları döndüreceğini unutmamak önemlidir. Şu anda, sağladığımız <code>bytes</code>’dan daha küçük veya daha büyük değerler için karşılaştırmaları desteklememektedir.</p><p>Token Programı örneğimize uygun olarak, sorgumuzu yalnızca cüzdan adresimize ait olan token account'larını döndürecek şekilde değiştirebiliriz. Bir belirteç account'ına baktığımızda, bir belirteç account'ında depolanan ilk iki alanın her ikisinin de pubkey olduğunu ve her bir pubkey'nin 32 bayt uzunluğunda olduğunu görebiliriz. <code>Owner</code>’ın ikinci alan olduğu göz önüne alındığında, <code>memcmp</code>'mize 32 baytlık bir <code>offset</code> ile başlamalıyız. Buradan, owner alanı cüzdan adresimizle eşleşen account'ları arayacağız.</p><p><img src="/assets/memcmp.c5e1f050.png" alt="Account Size"></p><p>Bu sorguyu aşağıdaki örnek üzerinden çağırabiliriz:</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParsedProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// new PublicKey("TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA")</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Found </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> token account(s) for wallet </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_WALLET_ADDRESS</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>account<span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">-- Token Account Address </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>i <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pubkey<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> --</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Mint: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"parsed"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"info"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"mint"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Amount: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"parsed"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"info"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"tokenAmount"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"uiAmount"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
// Output
Found 2 token account(s) for wallet FriELggez2Dy3phZeHHAdpcoEXkKQVkv6tx3zDtCVP8T:
-- Token Account Address 0: H12yCcKLHFJFfohkeKiN8v3zgaLnUMwRcnJTyB4igAsy --
Mint: CKKDsBT6KiT4GDKs3e39Ue9tDkhuGUKM3cC2a7pmV9YK
Amount: 1
-- Token Account Address 1: Et3bNDxe2wP1yE5ao6mMvUByQUHg8nZTndpJNvfKLdCb --
Mint: BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf
Amount: 3
*/</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br></div></div><h3 id="dataslice" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#dataslice" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <code>dataSlice</code></h3><p>İki filtre parametresinin dışında, <code>getProgramAccounts</code> için en yaygın üçüncü parametre <code>dataSlice</code>'dır. <code>filters</code> parametresinin aksine <code>dataSlice</code>, bir sorgu tarafından döndürülen account sayısını azaltmaz. Bunun yerine <code>dataSlice</code>, her account için veri miktarını sınırlar.</p><p><code>memcmp</code> gibi <code>dataSlice</code> iki argümanı kabul eder:</p><ul><li><code>offset</code>: Verileri karşılaştırmaya başlayacağınız konum.</li><li><code>length</code>: Döndürülmesi gereken bayt sayısı.</li></ul><p><code>dataSlice</code>, özellikle büyük bir veri kümesinde sorgu çalıştırdığımızda, ancak aslında account verilerinin kendisiyle ilgilenmediğimizde kullanışlıdır. Bunun bir örneği, belirli bir token mint etmek(basmak) için token account'larının sayısını (token sahiplerinin sayısını) bulmak istiyorsak olabilir.</p><div class="language-typescript ext-ts line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/spl-token"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> clusterApiUrl<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Connection <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">"@solana/web3.js"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> connection <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Connection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">clusterApiUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"devnet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"confirmed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> accounts <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> connection<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProgramAccounts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token constant">TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// new PublicKey("TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA")</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
dataSlice<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
length<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
filters<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
dataSize<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">165</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
memcmp<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
offset<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// number of bytes</span>
bytes<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// base58 encoded string</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Found </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> token account(s) for mint </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token constant">MY_TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>accounts<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
// Output (notice the empty <Buffer > at acccount.data)
Found 3 token account(s) for mint BUGuuhPsHpk8YZrL2GctsCtXGneL1gmT5zYb7eMHZDWf
[
{
account: {
data: <Buffer >,
executable: false,
lamports: 2039280,
owner: [PublicKey],
rentEpoch: 228
},
pubkey: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: a8aca7a3132e74db2ca37bfcd66f4450f4631a5464b62fffbd83c48ef814d8d7>
}
},
{
account: {
data: <Buffer >,
executable: false,
lamports: 2039280,
owner: [PublicKey],
rentEpoch: 228
},
pubkey: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: ce3b7b906c2ff6c6b62dc4798136ec017611078443918b2fad1cadff3c2e0448>
}
},
{
account: {
data: <Buffer >,
executable: false,
lamports: 2039280,
owner: [PublicKey],
rentEpoch: 228
},
pubkey: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: d4560e42cb24472b0e1203ff4b0079d6452b19367b701643fa4ac33e0501cb1>
}
}
]
*/</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br><span class="line-number">69</span><br><span class="line-number">70</span><br><span class="line-number">71</span><br><span class="line-number">72</span><br><span class="line-number">73</span><br><span class="line-number">74</span><br><span class="line-number">75</span><br><span class="line-number">76</span><br></div></div><p>Üç parametrenin tümünü (<code>dataSlice</code>, <code>dataSize</code>, ve <code>memcmp</code>) birleştirerek sorgumuzun kapsamını sınırlayabilir ve yalnızca ilgilendiğimiz verileri verimli bir şekilde döndürebiliriz.</p><h2 id="other-resources" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api#getprogramaccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RPC API Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Web3js Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana-labs.github.io/solana-web3.js/classes/Connection.html#getParsedProgramAccounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JSON-parsed Web3js Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: 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<!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Başlarken <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Cookbook"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Cookbook <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Temel Kavramlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html#facts-ozet-bilgiler" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts (Özet Bilgiler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts (Özet Bilgiler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html#deep-dive-derinlemesine-bakıs" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive (Derinlemesine Bakış)"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive (Derinlemesine Bakış) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html#account-model-account-modeli" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Model (Account Modeli)"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Model (Account Modeli) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html#rent" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Rent"><!--[--><!--]--> Rent <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html#other-resources-diger-kaynaklar" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Other Resources (Diğer Kaynaklar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Other Resources (Diğer Kaynaklar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html#referans" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Referans"><!--[--><!--]--> Referans <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs (Programlar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs (Programlar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions (İşlemler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions (İşlemler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Kılavuzlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data (Serileştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data (Serileştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları)"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referanslar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="accounts-account-lar" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#accounts-account-lar" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Accounts (Account’lar)</h1><p>Solana içindeki account’lar (hesaplar), durumu saklamak için kullanılır. Account, Solana'da gelişme yapmak için önemli bir yapı taşıdır.</p><h2 id="facts-ozet-bilgiler" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts-ozet-bilgiler" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts (Özet Bilgiler)</h2><p><strong>Bilgi tablosu</strong></p><ul><li>Account’lar veri depolamak için kullanılır.</li><li>Her account'ın benzersiz bir adresi vardır.</li><li>Account’ların maksimum boyutu 10 MB (10 Mega Bayt)’dır.</li><li>PDA account'larının maksimum boyutu 10 KB (10 Kilo Bayt)’dır.</li><li>PDA account'ları, bir program adına imzalamak için kullanılabilir.</li><li>Account boyutu oluşturma sırasında sabitlenir, ancak realloc kullanılarak ayarlanabilir.</li><li>Account veri depolaması rent ile ödenir.</li><li>Varsayılan account sahibi Sistem Programıdır.</li></ul><h2 id="deep-dive-derinlemesine-bakıs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive-derinlemesine-bakıs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive (Derinlemesine Bakış)</h2><h3 id="account-model-account-modeli" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#account-model-account-modeli" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Account Model (Account Modeli)</h3><p>Solana'da 3 çeşit account vardır:</p><ul><li>Veri account'ları, verileri depolar.</li><li>Program account'ları, executable programları depolar.</li><li>System, Stake ve Vote gibi yerel programları gösteren yerel account'lar bulunur.</li></ul><p>Veri account'larının 2 türü bulunur:</p><ul><li>Sisteme ait account'lar</li><li>PDA (Program Derived Address/Programdan Türetilmiş Adres) account'ları</li></ul><p>Her account'ın bir adresi (genellikle bir public key) ve bir sahibi (bir program account'ının adresi) vardır. Bir account'ın depoladığı tam alan listesi aşağıda bulunur.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Alan</th><th>Açıklaması</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>lamports</td><td>Hesaba ait "lamport" sayısı</td></tr><tr><td>owner</td><td>Account sahibi</td></tr><tr><td>executable</td><td>Hesabın talimatları işleyip işleyemeyeceği bilgisi</td></tr><tr><td>data</td><td>Account tarafından depolanan ham veri byte array</td></tr><tr><td>rent_epoch</td><td>Bu account'ın rent borcu olacağı bir sonraki epoch</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Birkaç önemli sahiplik kuralı vardır:</p><ul><li>Yalnızca bir data account'ının sahibi, lamports verilerini ve borç bilgisini değiştirebilir.</li><li>Herhangi birinin bir data account'ına Lamports kredisi vermesine izin verilir.</li><li>Hesabın verileri sıfırlanırsa, bir account'ın sahibi yeni bir sahip atayabilir.</li><li>Program account'ları durumu saklamaz.</li></ul><p>Örneğin, bir sayacı artırmanıza izin veren bir sayaç programınız varsa, biri program kodunu depolamak için diğeri de sayacı depolamak için iki account oluşturmanız gerekir.</p><p><img src="/assets/account_example.5b70d95a.jpeg" alt=""></p><p>Bir account'ın silinmesini önlemek için rent ödemeniz gerekir.</p><h3 id="rent" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#rent" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Rent</h3><p>Hesaplarda veri depolamanın bakımı SOL gerektirir ve rent(kira) ile finanse edilir. Bir account'ta en az 2 yıllık rent ödemesine eşdeğer bir bakiyeniz varsa, account'ınız rent ödemekten muaf tutulacaktır. Hesabı kapatarak ve Lamport'ları cüzdanınıza geri göndererek rent’i geri alabilirsiniz.</p><p>Rent iki farklı zamanlamada ödenir:</p><ol><li>Bir işlem tarafından referans alındığında</li><li>Her bir epoch(döngü)’da</li></ol><p>Hesaplar tarafından toplanan rent’in belirli bir bölümü yok edilirken geri kalanı her slotun sonunda vote account'larına dağıtılır.</p><p>Hesabın rent ödemesi için yeterli olmaması durumunda, account serbest bırakılır ve veriler silinir.</p><p>Yeni account'ların rent ödemesinden muaf olması gerektiğini de belirtmek önemlidir.</p><h2 id="other-resources-diger-kaynaklar" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources-diger-kaynaklar" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources (Diğer Kaynaklar)</h2><ul><li><a href="https://solana.wiki/zh-cn/docs/account-model/#account-storage" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Hesap Modeli<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Resmi Dokümantasyon<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/pencilflip/status/1452402100470644739" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Pencilflip Account Threadi<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><h3 id="referans" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#referans" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Referans</h3><p>Bu bilgiler Pencilflip tarafından yazıldı, kendisini <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/user?screen_name=pencilflip" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Twitter<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>’dan takip edebilirsiniz.</p><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: rukiyebeyzasarikaya@hotmail.com">rbeyzas</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----><span class="next"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="" aria-label="Programs (Programlar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs (Programlar) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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href="/tr/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Cookbook"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Cookbook <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Temel Kavramlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Programs (Programlar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs (Programlar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions (İşlemler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions (İşlemler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html#facts-ozet-bilgiler" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts (Özet Bilgiler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts (Özet Bilgiler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html#deep-dive-derinlemesine-bakıs" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive (Derinlemesine Bakış)"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive (Derinlemesine Bakış) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html#generating-pdas-pda-lar-olusturma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Generating PDAs (PDA’lar Oluşturma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Generating PDAs (PDA’lar Oluşturma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html#interacting-with-pdas-pda-lar-ile-etkilesim" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with PDAs (PDA’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with PDAs (PDA’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html#other-resources-diger-kaynaklar" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Other Resources (Diğer Kaynaklar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Other Resources (Diğer Kaynaklar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Kılavuzlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data (Serileştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data (Serileştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları)"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referanslar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="program-derived-addresses-pdas-programdan-turetilmis-adresler" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#program-derived-addresses-pdas-programdan-turetilmis-adresler" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler)</h1><p>Program Derived Addresses (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler, PDA’lar), belirli bir program tarafından kontrol edilmek üzere tasarlanmış account'lara ev sahipliği yapar. PDA'lar ile programlar, private key’e ihtiyaç duymadan belirli adresleri programlı olarak imzalayabilir. PDA'lar, Solana uygulamalarının birbirleriyle birleştirilebilir olmasını sağlayan <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#cross-program-invocations" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cross-Program Invocation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>’ın(programlar arası çağırma) temeli olarak hizmet eder.</p><h2 id="facts-ozet-bilgiler" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts-ozet-bilgiler" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts (Özet Bilgiler)</h2><p><strong>Bilgi Tablosu</strong></p><ul><li>PDA'lar, public key’lere benzeyen ancak karşılık gelen private key’e sahip olmayan 32 byte’lık array’lerdir.</li><li><code>findProgramAddress</code>, bir programId ve seed’lerden (bayt koleksiyonu) deterministik olarak bir PDA türetecektir.</li><li>Potansiyel bir PDA'yı ed25519 eliptik eğriden çıkarmak için bir bump (bir bayt) kullanılır.</li><li>Programlar, seed’ler <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-signed-accounts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">invoke_signed<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ile kendi PDA'ları için imzalama yapabilir.</li><li>Bir PDA yalnızca türetildiği program tarafından imzalanabilir.</li><li>Programların farklı talimatları imzalamasına izin vermenin yanı sıra, PDA'lar ayrıca <a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="">Account'ları indekslemek</a> için hashmap benzeri bir arayüz sağlar.</li></ul><h2 id="deep-dive-derinlemesine-bakıs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive-derinlemesine-bakıs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive (Derinlemesine Bakış)</h2><p>PDA'lar, Solana'da programlar geliştirmek için temel bir yapı taşıdır. PDA'lar sayesinde programlar, hiçbir harici kullanıcının aynı Account için geçerli bir imza oluşturamayacağını garanti ederken Account’ları imzalayabilir. Hesapları imzalamaya ek olarak, belirli programlar kendi PDA'larında tutulan account'ları da değiştirebilir.</p><p><img src="/assets/account-matrix.c3a79f80.png" alt="Accounts matrix"></p><p><small style="text-align:center;display:block;">Image courtesy of <a href="https://twitter.com/pencilflip">Pencilflip</a></small></p><h3 id="generating-pdas-pda-lar-olusturma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#generating-pdas-pda-lar-olusturma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Generating PDAs (PDA’lar Oluşturma)</h3><p>PDA'ların arkasındaki kavramı anlamak için, PDA'ların teknik olarak yaratılmadığını, daha çok bulunduğunu düşünmek faydalı olabilir. PDA'lar, seed (<code>"vote_account"</code> string’i gibi) ve bir program kimliği kombinasyonundan oluşturulur. Bu seed ve program kimliği kombinasyonu daha sonra, ed25519 eliptik eğri üzerinde yer alan bir public key oluşturup oluşturmadıklarını görmek için bir sha256 hash fonksiyonu aracılığıyla çalıştırılır.</p><p>Program kimliğimizi ve seed’leri bir hash fonksiyonu aracılığıyla çalıştırırken, eliptik eğri üzerinde yer alan geçerli bir public key ile karşılaşma şansımız ~%50'dir. Bu durumda, girdimizi biraz geçiştirmek için bir şeyler ekleriz ve tekrar deneriz. Bu fudge faktör için teknik terim bump’tır. Solana'da, bump = 255 ile başlıyoruz ve eliptik eğride olmayan bir adres elde edene kadar, bump = 254, bump = 253, vb. ile aşağı doğru yineliyoruz. Bu ilkel görünebilir, ancak bir kez bulunduğunda bize aynı PDA'yı tekrar tekrar türetmenin deterministik bir yolunu sunar.</p><p><img src="/assets/pda-curve.7c0b9307.png" alt="PDA Curve"></p><h3 id="interacting-with-pdas-pda-lar-ile-etkilesim" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#interacting-with-pdas-pda-lar-ile-etkilesim" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Interacting with PDAs (PDA’lar ile Etkileşim)</h3><p>Bir PDA oluşturulduğunda, <code>findProgramAddress</code> hem adresi hem de adresi eliptik eğriden çıkarmak için kullanılan bump’ı döndürür. Bu bump ile donanmış bir program, daha sonra PDA'sını gerektiren herhangi bir talimat için imzalayabilir. İmzalamak için, programların talimatı, account listesini ve PDA'yı <code>invoke_signed</code> olarak türetmek için kullanılan seed ve bump’ı geçmesi gerekir. Talimatları imzalamaya ek olarak, PDA'lar <code>invoke_signed</code> aracılığıyla kendi yaratımları için de imzalamalıdır.</p><p>PDA'larla oluştururken, bump seed account verilerinin kendisinde saklamak yaygındır. Bu, geliştiricilerin, bir talimat argümanı olarak bump’tan geçmek zorunda kalmadan bir PDA'yı kolayca doğrulamasını sağlar.</p><h2 id="other-resources-diger-kaynaklar" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources-diger-kaynaklar" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources (Diğer Kaynaklar)</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/calling-between-programs#program-derived-addresses" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Official Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.brianfriel.xyz/understanding-program-derived-addresses/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Understanding Program Derived Addresses<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: rukiyebeyzasarikaya@hotmail.com">rbeyzas</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div></footer><nav class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="" aria-label="Transactions (İşlemler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions (İşlemler) <!--[--><!--]--></a></span><!----></p></nav><!--[--><!--]--></main><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--></div>
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<!--[--><!--]--></a></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></div></div><!--]--></nav><!--[--><!--]--><ul class="sidebar-items"><!--[--><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Başlarken <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Solana Cookbook"><!--[--><!--]--> Solana Cookbook <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/getting-started/installation.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Installation"><!--[--><!--]--> Installation <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading active">Temel Kavramlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active router-link-active sidebar-item active" aria-label="Programs (Programlar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Programs (Programlar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html#facts-ozet-bilgiler" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Facts (Özet Bilgiler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Facts (Özet Bilgiler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html#deep-dive-derinlemesine-bakıs" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deep Dive (Derinlemesine Bakış)"><!--[--><!--]--> Deep Dive (Derinlemesine Bakış) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html#native-program-lar-solana-program-library-spl" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Native Program’lar & Solana Program Library (SPL)"><!--[--><!--]--> Native Program’lar & Solana Program Library (SPL) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html#writing-programs-program-yazma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Program Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Program Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html#deploying-programs-programları-calıstırma" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Deploying Programs (Programları Çalıştırma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Deploying Programs (Programları Çalıştırma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a aria-current="page" href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html#other-resources-diger-kaynaklar" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active sidebar-item" aria-label="Other Resources (Diğer Kaynaklar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Other Resources (Diğer Kaynaklar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Transactions (İşlemler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Transactions (İşlemler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/core-concepts/pdas.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler)"><!--[--><!--]--> Program Derived Addresses (PDAs) (Programdan Türetilmiş Adresler) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Kılavuzlar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data (Serileştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data (Serileştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları)"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referanslar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="programs-programlar" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#programs-programlar" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Programs (Programlar)</h1><h2 id="facts-ozet-bilgiler" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts-ozet-bilgiler" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts (Özet Bilgiler)</h2><p><strong>Bilgi Tablosu</strong></p><ul><li>Programlar, hem son kullanıcılardan hem de diğer programlardan gelen <a href="./transactions">talimatları</a> işler.</li><li>Tüm programlar stateless’dır(durumsuzdur): etkileşime girdikleri tüm veriler, talimatlar yoluyla iletilen ayrı <a href="/tr/core-concepts/accounts.html" class="">account'larda</a> saklanır.</li><li>Programlar <code>executable (yürütülebilir)</code> olarak işaretlenmiş account'larda saklanır.</li><li>Tüm programlar <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/runtime-facilities/programs#bpf-loader" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">BPF Loader<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>'a aittir ve <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/runtime" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Runtime<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> tarafından yürütülür.</li><li>Geliştiriciler en yaygın olarak Rust veya C++'da programlar yazarlar, ancak <a href="https://llvm.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">LLVM<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>'nin <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Packet_Filter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">BPF<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> arka ucunu hedefleyen herhangi bir dili seçebilirler.</li><li>Tüm programların, talimat işlemenin gerçekleştiği tek bir giriş noktası vardır. (<code>process_instruction</code>); parametreler her zaman şunları içerir: <ul><li><code>program_id</code>: <code>pubkey</code></li><li><code>accounts</code>: <code>array</code>,</li><li><code>instruction_data</code>: <code>byte array</code></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="deep-dive-derinlemesine-bakıs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive-derinlemesine-bakıs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive (Derinlemesine Bakış)</h2><p>Diğer birçok blockchainden farklı olarak Solana, kodu verilerden tamamen ayırır. Programların etkileşimde bulunduğu tüm veriler ayrı account'larda saklanır ve talimatlar aracılığıyla referans olarak iletilir. Bu model, tek bir genel programın ek dağıtımlar gerektirmeden çeşitli account'larda çalışmasına izin verir. Bu kalıbın yaygın örnekleri, Native(yerel) ve SPL Programlarında görülür.</p><h3 id="native-program-lar-solana-program-library-spl" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#native-program-lar-solana-program-library-spl" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Native Program’lar & Solana Program Library (SPL)</h3><p>Solana, on-chain etkileşimler için temel yapı taşları olarak hizmet eden bir dizi programla donatılmış olarak gelir. Bu programlar Native Programlar ve Solana Program Library (SPL) Programları olarak ikiye ayrılır.</p><p>Native Program’lar, validator’leri çalıştırmak için gereken temel işlevleri sağlar. Bu programlar arasında en çok bilineni, yeni account’ların yönetilmesinden ve iki taraf arasında SOL transferinden sorumlu olan Sistem Programıdır.</p><p>SPL Programları, token oluşturma, takas etme ve ödünç vermenin yanı sıra stake pool (hisse havuzu) oluşturma ve on-chain name service dahil olmak üzere bir dizi on-chain etkinliği destekler. SPL Token Programı doğrudan CLI aracılığıyla çağrılabilirken, <a href="https://spl.solana.com/associated-token-account" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Associated Token Account Program<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> gibi diğerleri genellikle özel programlardan oluşur.</p><h3 id="writing-programs-program-yazma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#writing-programs-program-yazma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Writing Programs (Program Yazma)</h3><p>Programlar en yaygın olarak Rust veya C++ ile geliştirilir, ancak LLVM'nin BPF arka ucunu hedefleyen herhangi bir dille geliştirilebilir. <a href="https://neon-labs.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Neon Labs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ve <a href="https://solang.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solang<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a>'ın son girişimleri, <a href="https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/evm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EVM<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> uyumluluğunu mümkün kılar ve geliştiricilerin Solidity'de programlar yazmasına olanak tanır.</p><p>Rust tabanlı programların çoğu aşağıdaki mimariye uyar:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Dosya</th><th>Açıklama</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>lib.rs</td><td>Modüllerin kaydedilmesi</td></tr><tr><td>entrypoint.rs</td><td>Programa başlangıç</td></tr><tr><td>instruction.rs</td><td>Program API'si, komut verilerini (de)serialize etme</td></tr><tr><td>processor.rs</td><td>Program mantığının bulunduğu bölüm</td></tr><tr><td>state.rs</td><td>Program nesneleri, durumu (de) serialize etme</td></tr><tr><td>error.rs</td><td>Programa özgü hatalar</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Son zamanlarda, <a href="https://github.com/coral-xyz/anchor" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Anchor<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> program geliştirmek için popüler bir framework olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Anchor, Ruby on Rails'e benzeyen, Rust tabanlı geliştirme için (de)serialization sürecini kolaylaştıran, üzerinde düşünülmüş bir frameworktür.</p><p>Programlar genellikle <em>Testnet</em> veya <em>Mainnet</em>'e dağıtılmadan önce <em>Localhost</em> ve <em>Devnet</em> geliştirilir ve test edilir. Solana aşağıdaki ortamları destekler:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Cluster Environmen</th><th>RPC Connection URL</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Mainnet-beta</td><td>https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com</td></tr><tr><td>Testnet</td><td>https://api.testnet.solana.com</td></tr><tr><td>Devnet</td><td>https://api.devnet.solana.com</td></tr><tr><td>Localhost</td><td>Default port: 8899 (e.g. http://localhost:8899, http://192.168.1.88:8899)</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Bir ortamda deploy edildikten sonra Client’lar ilgili cluster'la olan <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RPC bağlantıları<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> aracılığıyla on-chain programlarla etkileşime girebilir.</p><h3 id="deploying-programs-programları-calıstırma" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deploying-programs-programları-calıstırma" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deploying Programs (Programları Çalıştırma)</h3><p>Geliştiriciler programlarını <a href="https://docs.solana.com/cli/deploy-a-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CLI<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> aracılığıyla çalıştırabilir:</p><div class="language-bash ext-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>solana program deploy <span class="token operator"><</span>PROGRAM_FILEPATH<span class="token operator">></span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>Bir program çalıştığında, bir <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ELF<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> shared object’e (BPF bayt kodu içeren) derlenir ve Solana cluster’a yüklenir. Programlar account’larda yaşar (Solana'daki diğer her şey gibi), ancak bu account'lar <code>executable</code> olarak işaretlenir ve BPF Loader’a atanır. Bu account’ın adresi <code>program_id</code> olarak adlandırılır ve gelecekteki tüm işlemlerde programa başvurmak için kullanılır.</p><p>Solana, Upgradable BPF Loader da dahil olmak üzere birden fazla BPF Loader’ı destekler. BPF Loader, programın account’ını yönetmekten ve <code>program_id</code> aracılığıyla client’lara (client’lara) sunmaktan sorumludur. Tüm programlarda instruction işlemenin gerçekleştiği tek bir giriş noktası vardır (<code>proses_instruction</code>) ve parametreler her zaman şunları içerir:</p><ul><li><code>program_id</code>: <code>pubkey</code></li><li><code>accounts</code>: <code>array</code>,</li><li><code>instruction_data</code>: <code>byte array</code></li></ul><p>Çağrıldıklarında programlar Solana Runtime tarafından yürütülür.</p><h2 id="other-resources-diger-kaynaklar" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources-diger-kaynaklar" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources (Diğer Kaynaklar)</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/on-chain-programs/overview" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Official Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://spl.solana.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SPL Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://jstarry.notion.site/Program-deploys-29780c48794c47308d5f138074dd9838" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Program Deploys by Justin Starry<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://book.solmeet.dev/notes/solana-starter-kit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Starter Kit by Iron Addicted Dog<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://paulx.dev/blog/2021/01/14/programming-on-solana-an-introduction/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Programming on Solana by Paulx<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 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<!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/guides/get-program-accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Get Program Accounts"><!--[--><!--]--> Get Program Accounts <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/serialization.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Serializing Data (Serileştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Serializing Data (Serileştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/data-migration.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Migrating a Programs Data Accounts (Programların Data Account’larını Taşıma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/account-maps.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları)"><!--[--><!--]--> Account Maps (Hesap Haritaları) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/debugging-solana-programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama)"><!--[--><!--]--> Debugging Solana Programs (Solana Programlarında Hata Ayıklama) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/guides/feature-parity-testing.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Feature Parity Testing (Özellik Parite Testi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><li><p tabindex="0" class="sidebar-item sidebar-heading">Referanslar <!----></p><!--[--><ul style="" class="sidebar-item-children"><!--[--><li><a href="/tr/references/local-development.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Local Development (Yerel Geliştirme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/keypairs-and-wallets.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Keypairs and Wallets"><!--[--><!--]--> Keypairs and Wallets <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/basic-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Sending Transactions(İşlem Gönderimi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/accounts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Accounts (Account’lar)"><!--[--><!--]--> Accounts (Account’lar) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/programs.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Writing Programs (Programları Yazma)"><!--[--><!--]--> Writing Programs (Programları Yazma) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/token.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim)"><!--[--><!--]--> Interacting with Tokens (Token’lar ile Etkileşim) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/staking.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Staking (Stake Etme)"><!--[--><!--]--> Staking (Stake Etme) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/nfts.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs)"><!--[--><!--]--> Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/offline-transactions.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem)"><!--[--><!--]--> Offline Transaction (Çevrimdışı işlem) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><li><a href="/tr/references/name-service.html" class="sidebar-item" aria-label="Name Service (Name Servisi)"><!--[--><!--]--> Name Service (Name Servisi) <!--[--><!--]--></a><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--]--></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><!--]--></aside><!--]--><!--[--><main class="page"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="theme-default-content"><!--[--><h1 id="transactions-islemler" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#transactions-islemler" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Transactions (İşlemler)</h1><p>Client’lar, bir cluster’a bir transaction (işlem) göndererek <a href="/tr/core-concepts/programs.html" class="">programları</a> çağırabilir. Tek bir işlem, her biri kendi programını hedefleyen birden fazla talimat içerebilir. Bir işlem gönderildiğinde, Solana <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/runtime" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Runtime<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> talimatlarını sırayla ve atomik olarak işleyecektir. Bir talimatın herhangi bir kısmı başarısız olursa, tüm işlem başarısız olur.</p><h2 id="facts-ozet-bilgiler" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#facts-ozet-bilgiler" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Facts (Özet Bilgiler)</h2><p><strong>Bilgi Tablosu</strong></p><ul><li>Instruction’lar(talimatlar) Solana'daki en temel operasyonel birimdir.</li><li>Her instruction şunları içerir: <ul><li>Amaçlanan programın <code>program_id</code>'si</li><li>Okumak veya yazmak istediği tüm <code>account</code>’ların array’i</li><li>Amaçlanan programa özel bir <code>instruction_data</code> byte array’i</li></ul></li><li>Birden fazla talimat tek bir transaction’da(işlemde) toplanabilir.</li><li>Her işlem şunları içerir: <ul><li>Okumak veya yazmak istediği tüm <code>account</code>’ların array’i</li><li>Bir veya daha fazla <code>instruction</code></li><li>Yakın zamanda bir <code>blockhash</code></li><li>Bir veya daha fazla <code>signature</code>(imza)</li></ul></li><li>Instruction’lar sırayla ve atomik olarak işlenir.</li><li>Bir instruction’ın herhangi bir kısmı başarısız olursa, transaction’ın tamamı başarısız olur.</li><li>Transaction’lar 1232 bayt ile sınırlıdır.</li></ul><h2 id="deep-dive-derinlemesine-bakıs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deep-dive-derinlemesine-bakıs" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Deep Dive (Derinlemesine Bakış)</h2><p>Solana Runtime, okumak veya yazmak istedikleri tüm account’ların bir listesini belirtmek için hem instructions hem de transactions gerektirir. Bu account’ları önceden talep ederek, çalışma zamanı tüm transaction’larda yürütmeyi paralel hale getirebilir.</p><p>Bir transaction bir kümeye gönderildiğinde, çalışma zamanı instruction’larını sırayla ve atomik olarak işleyecektir. Her talimat için, alıcı program kendi veri dizisini yorumlayacak ve belirtilen account’ları üzerinde çalışacaktır. Program ya başarılı bir şekilde ya da bir hata koduyla dönecektir. Bir hata döndürülürse, tüm işlem hemen başarısız olur.</p><p>Bir account’ı borçlandırmayı veya verilerini değiştirmeyi amaçlayan herhangi bir transaction, account sahibinin imzasını gerektirir. Değiştirilecek herhangi bir account <code>writable</code>(yazılabilir) olarak işaretlenir. Transaction ücretini ödeyen kişi, gerekli rent ve transaction ücretlerini karşıladığı sürece, sahibinin izni olmadan bir account’a kredi verilebilir.</p><p>Gönderilmeden önce, tüm transaction’lar son bir blockhash’e referans vermelidir. Blockhash, tekrarları önlemek ve eski transaction’ları ortadan kaldırmak için kullanılır. Bir işlemin blockhash’inin maksimum yaşı 150 blok veya bu yazının yazıldığı zaman itibariyle yaklaşık ~1 dakika 19 saniyedir.</p><h3 id="fees-ucretler" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#fees-ucretler" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Fees (Ücretler)</h3><p>Solana ağı iki tür ücret toplar:</p><ul><li>Yayılan işlemler için <a href="https://docs.solana.com/transaction_fees" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">transaction ücreti<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a> ("gaz ücretleri" olarak da bilinir)</li><li>Zincir üzerinde veri depolamak için <a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/accounts#rent" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">rent ücreti<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><p>Solana'da işlem ücretleri belirlidir: Kullanıcıların bir sonraki bloğa dahil olma şanslarını artırmak için daha yüksek ücretler ödeyebilecekleri bir ücret piyasası kavramı yoktur. Bu yazının yazıldığı tarihte, işlem ücretleri kullanılan kaynak miktarına göre değil, yalnızca gereken imza sayısına (<code>lamports_per_signature</code>) göre belirlenir. Bunun nedeni, şu anda tüm işlemlerde 1232 baytlık bir sabit sınır bulunmasıdır.</p><p>Tüm işlemler, işlemi imzalamak için en az bir writable account(yazılabilir hesap) gerektirir. Gönderildikten sonra, ilk olarak seri hale getirilen writable signer account ücreti ödeyen kişi olacaktır. Bu account, işlemin başarılı veya başarısız olmasına bakılmaksızın işlem maliyetini ödeyecektir. Ücret ödeyen kişinin işlem ücretini ödemek için yeterli bakiyesi yoksa işlem düşer.</p><p>Bu yazının yazıldığı sırada, tüm işlem ücretlerinin %50'si bloğu üreten validator(doğrulayıcı) tarafından alınırken, kalan %50'si yakılır(burn). Bu yapı, validator’leri leader programı sırasında mümkün olduğunca çok işlemi işlemeye teşvik etmek için çalışır.</p><h2 id="other-resources-diger-kaynaklar" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#other-resources-diger-kaynaklar" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Other Resources (Diğer Kaynaklar)</h2><ul><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/programming-model/transactions" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Official Documentation<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://solana.wiki/docs/solidity-guide/transactions/#solana-transaction-structure" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaction Structure<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://jstarry.notion.site/Transaction-Fees-f09387e6a8d84287aa16a34ecb58e239" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaction Fees by Justin Starry<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://2501babe.github.io/posts/solana101.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">An Introduction to Solana by Hana<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://jito-labs.medium.com/solana-validator-101-transaction-processing-90bcdc271143" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Transaction Processing by Jito Labs<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li><li><a href="https://medium.com/@asmiller1989/solana-transactions-in-depth-1f7f7fe06ac2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solana Transaction in Depth by Alex Miller<span><svg class="external-link-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path><polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg><span class="external-link-icon-sr-only">open in new window</span></span></a></li></ul><!--]--></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="meta-item-label">Last Updated: </span><!----></div><div class="meta-item contributors"><span class="meta-item-label">Contributors: </span><span class="meta-item-info"><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" title="email: 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--c-text-lighter: #dadde1;
--c-text-lightest: #ccd0d5;
// border colors
--c-border: #606770;
--c-border-dark: #444950;
// custom container colors
--c-tip: #318a62;
--c-warning: #ceab00;
--c-warning-bg: #7e755b;
--c-warning-title: #ceac03;
--c-warning-text: #362e00;
--c-danger: #940000;
--c-danger-bg: #806161;
--c-danger-title: #610000;
--c-danger-text: #3a0000;
--c-details-bg: #323843;
// code blocks vars
--code-hl-bg-color: #363b46;
}
.code-info-title {
color: #999999;
transform: translateY(70%);
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
font-size: 13.6px;
}
.code-group__ul {
display: flex;
}
.code-group__nav {
padding-right: 10px;
}
.flex-grow {
flex-grow: 1;
}
// fix for code in tips
.tip code {
background-color: var(--c-bg-lighter);
}
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress
|
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/components/SolanaCodeGroup.vue
|
<script>
import { defineComponent, h, onBeforeUpdate, ref } from 'vue'
export default defineComponent({
name: 'SolanaCodeGroup',
setup(_, { slots }) {
// index of current active item
const activeIndex = ref(-1)
// refs of the tab buttons
const tabRefs = ref([])
if (__VUEPRESS_DEV__) {
// after removing a code-group-item, we need to clear the ref
// of the removed item to avoid issues caused by HMR
onBeforeUpdate(() => {
tabRefs.value = []
})
}
// activate next tab
const activateNext = (i = activeIndex.value) => {
if (i < tabRefs.value.length - 1) {
activeIndex.value = i + 1
} else {
activeIndex.value = 0
}
tabRefs.value[activeIndex.value].focus()
}
// activate previous tab
const activatePrev = (i = activeIndex.value) => {
if (i > 0) {
activeIndex.value = i - 1
} else {
activeIndex.value = tabRefs.value.length - 1
}
tabRefs.value[activeIndex.value].focus()
}
// handle keyboard event
const keyboardHandler = (event, i) => {
if (event.key === ' ' || event.key === 'Enter') {
event.preventDefault()
activeIndex.value = i
} else if (event.key === 'ArrowRight') {
event.preventDefault()
activateNext(i)
} else if (event.key === 'ArrowLeft') {
event.preventDefault()
activatePrev(i)
}
}
// check if we have preview slots before setting our initial value
const items = (slots.default?.() || [])
let hasPreviewSlot = false
items.forEach((i) => {
if (Object.keys(i.children).includes('preview')) {
hasPreviewSlot = true
}
})
const preview = ref(hasPreviewSlot)
const togglePreview = () => {
preview.value = !preview.value
}
// Adapted from https://v3.vuejs.org/guide/render-function.html#complete-example
function getChildrenTextContent(children) {
return children
.map(node => {
// Ignore line numbers
if (node.props?.class === 'line-number') return ''
return typeof node.children === 'string'
? node.children
: Array.isArray(node.children)
? getChildrenTextContent(node.children)
: ''
})
.join('')
}
const copyActiveToClipboard = () => {
let activeItem = items.find((vnode, i) => i === activeIndex.value)
let children = preview.value ? activeItem.children['preview']() : activeItem.children['default']()
let code = getChildrenTextContent(children)
let data = [new ClipboardItem({ "text/plain": new Blob([code], { type: "text/plain" }) })]
navigator.clipboard.write(data)
}
return () => {
// NOTICE: here we put the `slots.default()` inside the render function to make
// the slots reactive, otherwise the slot content won't be changed once the
// `setup()` function of current component is called
// get children code-group-item
const items = (slots.default?.() || [])
.map((vnode) => {
if (vnode.props === null) {
vnode.props = {
preview: preview
}
}
return vnode
})
// do not render anything if there is no code-group-item
if (items.length === 0) {
return null
}
if (activeIndex.value < 0 || activeIndex.value > items.length - 1) {
// if `activeIndex` is invalid
// find the index of the code-group-item with `active` props
activeIndex.value = items.findIndex(
(vnode) => vnode.props.active === '' || vnode.props.active === true
)
// if there is no `active` props on code-group-item, set the first item active
if (activeIndex.value === -1) {
activeIndex.value = 0
}
} else {
// set the active item
items.forEach((vnode, i) => {
vnode.props.active = i === activeIndex.value
vnode.props.preview = preview.value
})
}
return h('div', { class: 'code-group' }, [
h(
'div',
{ class: 'code-group__nav' },
h(
'ul',
{ class: 'code-group__ul' },
items.map((vnode, i) => {
const isActive = i === activeIndex.value
return h(
'li',
{ class: 'code-group__li' },
h(
'button',
{
ref: (element) => {
if (element) {
tabRefs.value[i] = element
}
},
class: {
'code-group__nav-tab': true,
'code-group__nav-tab-active': isActive,
},
ariaPressed: isActive,
ariaExpanded: isActive,
onClick: () => (activeIndex.value = i),
onKeydown: (e) => keyboardHandler(e, i),
},
vnode.props.title
)
)
}),
h('li', { class: 'flex-grow' }),
h(
'li',
{ class: 'code-group__li' },
h(
'button',
{
class: {
'code-group__nav-tab': true,
},
onClick: () => togglePreview(),
},
h(
'svg', {
width: '18',
height: '18',
viewBox: '0 0 24 24',
fill: 'none'
},
h('path', {
stroke: 'currentColor',
'stroke-linecap': 'round',
'stroke-linejoin': 'round',
'stroke-width': 2,
d: 'M10 20l4-16m4 4l4 4-4 4M6 16l-4-4 4-4'
})
)
)
),
h(
'li',
{ class: 'code-group__li' },
h(
'button',
{
class: {
'code-group__nav-tab': true,
},
onClick: () => copyActiveToClipboard(),
},
h(
'svg', {
width: '18',
height: '18',
viewBox: '0 0 24 24',
fill: 'none'
},
h('path', {
stroke: 'currentColor',
'stroke-linecap': 'round',
'stroke-linejoin': 'round',
'stroke-width': 2,
d: 'M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2'
})
)
)
),
)
),
h('div', [preview.value ? h(
'div',
{ class: 'code-info-title' },
"Press </> button to view full source"
) : null]),
items,
])
}
},
})
</script>
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress
|
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/components/SolanaCodeGroupItem.vue
|
<template>
<div
class="code-group-item"
:class="{ 'code-group-item__active': active }"
:aria-selected="active"
>
<div :class="{ 'hidden': preview }">
<slot name="default" />
</div>
<div :class="{ 'hidden': !preview }">
<slot name="preview" />
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: 'SolanaCodeGroupItem',
props: {
title: {
type: String,
required: true,
},
active: {
type: Boolean,
required: false,
default: false,
},
preview: {
type: Boolean,
required: false,
default: false
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.hidden {
display: none;
}
.block {
display: block;
}
</style>
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress
|
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/public/solana_cookbook_darkmode.svg
|
<svg id="solana_cookbook_darkmode" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="98" height="72" viewBox="0 0 98 72">
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<path d="M55.06,46a1.28,1.28,0,0,1,.26-.34.85.85,0,0,1,.31-.21l17.74-6.35a.26.26,0,0,1,.21,0,.3.3,0,0,1,.14.17.52.52,0,0,1,0,.28.85.85,0,0,1-.09.31l-3.78,6.9a1.28,1.28,0,0,1-.26.34,1,1,0,0,1-.32.2L51.57,53.7a.33.33,0,0,1-.22,0,.3.3,0,0,1-.14-.18.64.64,0,0,1,0-.28,1.06,1.06,0,0,1,.1-.3Z" style="fill: #fff;fill-rule: evenodd"/>
<path d="M73.66,34.73a.43.43,0,0,1,.09.23.67.67,0,0,1,0,.31.77.77,0,0,1-.14.27.55.55,0,0,1-.21.17L55.63,42.1a.48.48,0,0,1-.31,0,.46.46,0,0,1-.26-.15l-3.78-4.19a.54.54,0,0,1-.1-.23.77.77,0,0,1,0-.3.82.82,0,0,1,.14-.28.46.46,0,0,1,.22-.16l17.73-6.4a.59.59,0,0,1,.32,0,.43.43,0,0,1,.26.16Z" style="fill: #fff;fill-rule: evenodd"/>
<path d="M55.06,25.72a1.28,1.28,0,0,1,.26-.34.72.72,0,0,1,.31-.2l17.74-6.36a.26.26,0,0,1,.21,0,.3.3,0,0,1,.14.17.54.54,0,0,1,0,.29.86.86,0,0,1-.09.3l-3.78,6.9a1.28,1.28,0,0,1-.26.34,1,1,0,0,1-.32.2L51.57,33.39a.33.33,0,0,1-.22,0,.3.3,0,0,1-.14-.18.64.64,0,0,1,0-.28,1.06,1.06,0,0,1,.1-.3Z" style="fill: #fff;fill-rule: evenodd"/>
<path d="M26.68,25.76l-.25-.08h0A4.47,4.47,0,0,1,24,23.36a9.88,9.88,0,0,0-1.83-2.56,6.37,6.37,0,0,0-2.35-1.55,3.54,3.54,0,0,0-4.24,1.2h0a2,2,0,0,1-2.5.65h0L12.91,21c-3-1.07-5.42,1.25-5.42,5.19,0,3.68,2.12,7.47,4.84,8.83v5.17l14.93,5.36v-5.4c2.72.59,4.83-1.68,4.83-5.36C32.09,30.89,29.67,26.83,26.68,25.76Z" style="fill: #9a45ff"/>
<polygon points="12.33 49.16 27.26 54.52 27.26 48.4 12.33 43.04 12.33 49.16" style="fill: #9a45ff"/>
</svg>
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress
|
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/docs/.vuepress/public/solana_cookbook_lightmode.svg
|
<svg id="solana_cookbook_lightmode" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="98" height="72" viewBox="0 0 98 72">
<g>
<path d="M41,13.33,8.14,1.55A1.81,1.81,0,0,0,5.7,3.26V4H4.26V3.26A3.26,3.26,0,0,1,8.62.19L41,11.8,73.46.19a3.26,3.26,0,0,1,4.36,3.07V4H76.38V3.26a1.81,1.81,0,0,0-2.44-1.71Z" style="fill: #e4ccff"/>
<path d="M78.26,58.67,41,72V16.16L78.23,2.84a2.88,2.88,0,0,1,3.85,2.71v47.7A5.76,5.76,0,0,1,78.26,58.67Z" style="fill: #9a45ff"/>
<path d="M3.82,58.67,41,72V16.16L3.85,2.84A2.88,2.88,0,0,0,0,5.55v47.7A5.76,5.76,0,0,0,3.82,58.67Z" style="fill: #6323b0"/>
<path d="M55.06,46a1.28,1.28,0,0,1,.26-.34.85.85,0,0,1,.31-.21l17.74-6.35a.26.26,0,0,1,.21,0,.3.3,0,0,1,.14.17.52.52,0,0,1,0,.28.85.85,0,0,1-.09.31l-3.78,6.9a1.28,1.28,0,0,1-.26.34,1,1,0,0,1-.32.2L51.57,53.7a.33.33,0,0,1-.22,0,.3.3,0,0,1-.14-.18.64.64,0,0,1,0-.28,1.06,1.06,0,0,1,.1-.3Z" style="fill: #fff;fill-rule: evenodd"/>
<path d="M73.66,34.73a.43.43,0,0,1,.09.23.67.67,0,0,1,0,.31.77.77,0,0,1-.14.27.55.55,0,0,1-.21.17L55.63,42.1a.48.48,0,0,1-.31,0,.46.46,0,0,1-.26-.15l-3.78-4.19a.54.54,0,0,1-.1-.23.77.77,0,0,1,0-.3.82.82,0,0,1,.14-.28.46.46,0,0,1,.22-.16l17.73-6.4a.59.59,0,0,1,.32,0,.43.43,0,0,1,.26.16Z" style="fill: #fff;fill-rule: evenodd"/>
<path d="M55.06,25.72a1.28,1.28,0,0,1,.26-.34.72.72,0,0,1,.31-.2l17.74-6.36a.26.26,0,0,1,.21,0,.3.3,0,0,1,.14.17.54.54,0,0,1,0,.29.86.86,0,0,1-.09.3l-3.78,6.9a1.28,1.28,0,0,1-.26.34,1,1,0,0,1-.32.2L51.57,33.39a.33.33,0,0,1-.22,0,.3.3,0,0,1-.14-.18.64.64,0,0,1,0-.28,1.06,1.06,0,0,1,.1-.3Z" style="fill: #fff;fill-rule: evenodd"/>
<path d="M26.68,25.76l-.25-.08h0A4.47,4.47,0,0,1,24,23.36a9.88,9.88,0,0,0-1.83-2.56,6.37,6.37,0,0,0-2.35-1.55,3.54,3.54,0,0,0-4.24,1.2h0a2,2,0,0,1-2.5.65h0L12.91,21c-3-1.07-5.42,1.25-5.42,5.19,0,3.68,2.12,7.47,4.84,8.83v5.17l14.93,5.36v-5.4c2.72.59,4.83-1.68,4.83-5.36C32.09,30.89,29.67,26.83,26.68,25.76Z" style="fill: #b17bff"/>
<polygon points="12.33 49.16 27.26 54.52 27.26 48.4 12.33 43.04 12.33 49.16" style="fill: #b17bff"/>
</g>
</svg>
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook
|
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
|
# See here for image contents: https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-dev-containers/tree/v0.209.3/containers/typescript-node/.devcontainer/base.Dockerfile
# [Choice] Node.js version (use -bullseye variants on local arm64/Apple Silicon): 16, 14, 12, 16-bullseye, 14-bullseye, 12-bullseye, 16-buster, 14-buster, 12-buster
ARG VARIANT="16-buster"
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/vscode/devcontainers/typescript-node:0-${VARIANT}
# [Optional] Uncomment this section to install additional OS packages.
# RUN apt-get update && export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
# && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends <your-package-list-here>
# [Optional] Uncomment if you want to install an additional version of node using nvm
# ARG EXTRA_NODE_VERSION=10
# RUN su node -c "source /usr/local/share/nvm/nvm.sh && nvm install ${EXTRA_NODE_VERSION}"
# [Optional] Uncomment if you want to install more global node packages
# RUN su node -c "npm install -g <your-package-list -here>"
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook
|
solana_public_repos/solana-cookbook/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
|
// For format details, see https://aka.ms/devcontainer.json. For config options, see the README at:
// https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-dev-containers/tree/v0.209.3/containers/typescript-node
{
"name": "Node.js & TypeScript",
"build": {
"dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
// Update 'VARIANT' to pick a Node version: 16, 14, 12.
// Append -bullseye or -buster to pin to an OS version.
// Use -bullseye variants on local on arm64/Apple Silicon.
"args": {
"VARIANT": "16-buster"
}
},
// Set *default* container specific settings.json values on container create.
"settings": {},
// Add the IDs of extensions you want installed when the container is created.
"extensions": [
"dbaeumer.vscode-eslint"
],
// Use 'forwardPorts' to make a list of ports inside the container available locally.
// "forwardPorts": [],
// Use 'postCreateCommand' to run commands after the container is created.
// "postCreateCommand": "yarn install",
// Comment out connect as root instead. More info: https://aka.ms/vscode-remote/containers/non-root.
"remoteUser": "node"
}
| 0
|
solana_public_repos
|
solana_public_repos/solana-bounties/LICENSE
|
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2022 Solana Developers
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
| 0
|
solana_public_repos
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-transfer-hook/Cargo.toml
|
[workspace]
members = [
"programs/*"
]
[profile.release]
overflow-checks = true
lto = "fat"
codegen-units = 1
[profile.release.build-override]
opt-level = 3
incremental = false
codegen-units = 1
| 0
|
solana_public_repos
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-transfer-hook/Cargo.lock
|
# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
# It is not intended for manual editing.
version = 3
[[package]]
name = "aead"
version = "0.4.3"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "0b613b8e1e3cf911a086f53f03bf286f52fd7a7258e4fa606f0ef220d39d8877"
dependencies = [
"generic-array",
]
[[package]]
name = "aes"
version = "0.7.5"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "9e8b47f52ea9bae42228d07ec09eb676433d7c4ed1ebdf0f1d1c29ed446f1ab8"
dependencies = [
"cfg-if",
"cipher",
"cpufeatures",
"opaque-debug",
]
[[package]]
name = "aes-gcm-siv"
version = "0.10.3"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "589c637f0e68c877bbd59a4599bbe849cac8e5f3e4b5a3ebae8f528cd218dcdc"
dependencies = [
"aead",
"aes",
"cipher",
"ctr",
"polyval",
"subtle",
"zeroize",
]
[[package]]
name = "ahash"
version = "0.7.7"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "5a824f2aa7e75a0c98c5a504fceb80649e9c35265d44525b5f94de4771a395cd"
dependencies = [
"getrandom 0.2.11",
"once_cell",
"version_check",
]
[[package]]
name = "ahash"
version = "0.8.6"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "91429305e9f0a25f6205c5b8e0d2db09e0708a7a6df0f42212bb56c32c8ac97a"
dependencies = [
"cfg-if",
"getrandom 0.2.11",
"once_cell",
"version_check",
"zerocopy",
]
[[package]]
name = "aho-corasick"
version = "1.1.2"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "b2969dcb958b36655471fc61f7e416fa76033bdd4bfed0678d8fee1e2d07a1f0"
dependencies = [
"memchr",
]
[[package]]
name = "anchor-attribute-access-control"
version = "0.29.0"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "e5f619f1d04f53621925ba8a2e633ba5a6081f2ae14758cbb67f38fd823e0a3e"
dependencies = [
"anchor-syn",
"proc-macro2",
"quote",
"syn 1.0.109",
]
[[package]]
name = "anchor-attribute-account"
version = "0.29.0"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "e7f2a3e1df4685f18d12a943a9f2a7456305401af21a07c9fe076ef9ecd6e400"
dependencies = [
"anchor-syn",
"bs58 0.5.0",
"proc-macro2",
"quote",
"syn 1.0.109",
]
[[package]]
name = "anchor-attribute-constant"
version = "0.29.0"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "9423945cb55627f0b30903288e78baf6f62c6c8ab28fb344b6b25f1ffee3dca7"
dependencies = [
"anchor-syn",
"quote",
"syn 1.0.109",
]
[[package]]
name = "anchor-attribute-error"
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normalize-path "~3.0.0"
readdirp "~3.6.0"
optionalDependencies:
fsevents "~2.3.2"
cliui@^7.0.2:
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string-width "^4.2.0"
strip-ansi "^6.0.0"
wrap-ansi "^7.0.0"
color-convert@^2.0.1:
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color-name "~1.1.4"
color-name@~1.1.4:
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cross-fetch@^3.1.5:
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node-fetch "^2.6.12"
crypto-hash@^1.3.0:
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ms "2.1.2"
decamelize@^4.0.0:
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type-detect "^4.0.0"
delay@^5.0.0:
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tslib "^2.0.3"
emoji-regex@^8.0.0:
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es6-promisify@^5.0.0:
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es6-promise "^4.0.3"
escalade@^3.1.1:
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escape-string-regexp@4.0.0:
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eventemitter3@^4.0.7:
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eyes@^0.1.8:
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file-uri-to-path@1.0.0:
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fill-range@^7.0.1:
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to-regex-range "^5.0.1"
find-up@5.0.0:
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locate-path "^6.0.0"
path-exists "^4.0.0"
flat@^5.0.2:
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fs.realpath@^1.0.0:
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glob-parent@~5.1.2:
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is-glob "^4.0.1"
glob@7.2.0:
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inflight "^1.0.4"
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minimatch "^3.0.4"
once "^1.3.0"
path-is-absolute "^1.0.0"
growl@1.10.5:
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has-flag@^4.0.0:
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he@1.2.0:
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ms "^2.0.0"
ieee754@^1.2.1:
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once "^1.3.0"
wrappy "1"
inherits@2:
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is-binary-path@~2.1.0:
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binary-extensions "^2.0.0"
is-extglob@^2.1.1:
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is-fullwidth-code-point@^3.0.0:
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is-number@^7.0.0:
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jayson@^4.1.0:
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commander "^2.20.3"
delay "^5.0.0"
es6-promisify "^5.0.0"
eyes "^0.1.8"
isomorphic-ws "^4.0.1"
json-stringify-safe "^5.0.1"
uuid "^8.3.2"
ws "^7.4.5"
js-yaml@4.1.0:
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argparse "^2.0.1"
json-stringify-safe@^5.0.1:
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p-locate "^5.0.0"
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chalk "^4.1.0"
is-unicode-supported "^0.1.0"
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minimist@^1.2.0, minimist@^1.2.6:
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minimist "^1.2.6"
mocha@^9.0.3:
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nanoid "3.3.1"
serialize-javascript "6.0.0"
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which "2.0.2"
workerpool "6.2.0"
yargs "16.2.0"
yargs-parser "20.2.4"
yargs-unparser "2.0.0"
ms@2.1.2:
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tslib "^2.0.3"
node-fetch@^2.6.12, node-fetch@^2.7.0:
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wrappy "1"
p-limit@^3.0.2:
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pako@^2.0.3:
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readdirp@~3.6.0:
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snake-case@^3.0.4:
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node-gyp-build "^4.3.0"
uuid@^8.3.2:
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webidl-conversions@^3.0.0:
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tr46 "~0.0.3"
webidl-conversions "^3.0.0"
which@2.0.2:
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isexe "^2.0.0"
workerpool@6.2.0:
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ansi-styles "^4.0.0"
string-width "^4.1.0"
strip-ansi "^6.0.0"
wrappy@1:
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ws@^7.4.5:
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ws@^8.5.0:
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y18n@^5.0.5:
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camelcase "^6.0.0"
decamelize "^4.0.0"
flat "^5.0.2"
is-plain-obj "^2.1.0"
yargs@16.2.0:
version "16.2.0"
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cliui "^7.0.2"
escalade "^3.1.1"
get-caller-file "^2.0.5"
require-directory "^2.1.1"
string-width "^4.2.0"
y18n "^5.0.5"
yargs-parser "^20.2.2"
yn@^2.0.0:
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yocto-queue@^0.1.0:
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| 0
|
solana_public_repos
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-transfer-hook/package.json
|
{
"scripts": {
"lint:fix": "prettier */*.js \"*/**/*{.js,.ts}\" -w",
"lint": "prettier */*.js \"*/**/*{.js,.ts}\" --check"
},
"dependencies": {
"@coral-xyz/anchor": "^0.29.0",
"@solana/spl-token": "^0.4.0"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@types/bn.js": "^5.1.0",
"@types/chai": "^4.3.0",
"@types/mocha": "^9.0.0",
"chai": "^4.3.4",
"mocha": "^9.0.3",
"prettier": "^2.6.2",
"ts-mocha": "^10.0.0",
"typescript": "^4.3.5"
}
}
| 0
|
solana_public_repos
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-transfer-hook/tsconfig.json
|
{
"compilerOptions": {
"types": ["mocha", "chai"],
"typeRoots": ["./node_modules/@types"],
"lib": ["es2015"],
"module": "commonjs",
"target": "es6",
"esModuleInterop": true
}
}
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-transfer-hook
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-transfer-hook/migrations/deploy.ts
|
// Migrations are an early feature. Currently, they're nothing more than this
// single deploy script that's invoked from the CLI, injecting a provider
// configured from the workspace's Anchor.toml.
const anchor = require("@coral-xyz/anchor");
module.exports = async function (provider) {
// Configure client to use the provider.
anchor.setProvider(provider);
// Add your deploy script here.
};
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-transfer-hook
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-transfer-hook/tests/transfer-hook.ts
|
import * as anchor from "@coral-xyz/anchor";
import { Program } from "@coral-xyz/anchor";
import { TransferHook } from "../target/types/transfer_hook";
import {
PublicKey,
SystemProgram,
Transaction,
sendAndConfirmTransaction,
Keypair,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
ExtensionType,
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
getMintLen,
createInitializeMintInstruction,
createInitializeTransferHookInstruction,
ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction,
createMintToInstruction,
getAssociatedTokenAddressSync,
createApproveInstruction,
createSyncNativeInstruction,
NATIVE_MINT,
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
getAccount,
getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount,
createTransferCheckedWithTransferHookInstruction,
getMint,
getTransferHook,
getExtraAccountMetaAddress,
getExtraAccountMetas,
} from "@solana/spl-token";
import assert from "assert";
describe("transfer-hook", () => {
// Configure the client to use the local cluster.
const provider = anchor.AnchorProvider.env();
anchor.setProvider(provider);
const program = anchor.workspace.TransferHook as Program<TransferHook>;
const wallet = provider.wallet as anchor.Wallet;
const connection = provider.connection;
// Generate keypair to use as address for the transfer-hook enabled mint
const mint = new Keypair();
const decimals = 9;
// Sender token account address
const sourceTokenAccount = getAssociatedTokenAddressSync(
mint.publicKey,
wallet.publicKey,
false,
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
);
// Recipient token account address
const recipient = Keypair.generate();
const destinationTokenAccount = getAssociatedTokenAddressSync(
mint.publicKey,
recipient.publicKey,
false,
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
);
// ExtraAccountMetaList address
// Store extra accounts required by the custom transfer hook instruction
const [extraAccountMetaListPDA] = PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync(
[Buffer.from("extra-account-metas"), mint.publicKey.toBuffer()],
program.programId
);
// PDA delegate to transfer wSOL tokens from sender
const [delegatePDA] = PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync(
[Buffer.from("delegate")],
program.programId
);
// Sender wSOL token account address
const senderWSolTokenAccount = getAssociatedTokenAddressSync(
NATIVE_MINT, // mint
wallet.publicKey // owner
);
// Delegate PDA wSOL token account address, to receive wSOL tokens from sender
const delegateWSolTokenAccount = getAssociatedTokenAddressSync(
NATIVE_MINT, // mint
delegatePDA, // owner
true // allowOwnerOffCurve
);
// Create the two WSol token accounts as part of setup
before(async () => {
// WSol Token Account for sender
await getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount(
connection,
wallet.payer,
NATIVE_MINT,
wallet.publicKey
);
// WSol Token Account for delegate PDA
await getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount(
connection,
wallet.payer,
NATIVE_MINT,
delegatePDA,
true
);
});
it("Create Mint Account with Transfer Hook Extension", async () => {
const extensions = [ExtensionType.TransferHook];
const mintLen = getMintLen(extensions);
const lamports =
await provider.connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintLen);
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
SystemProgram.createAccount({
fromPubkey: wallet.publicKey,
newAccountPubkey: mint.publicKey,
space: mintLen,
lamports: lamports,
programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
}),
createInitializeTransferHookInstruction(
mint.publicKey,
wallet.publicKey,
program.programId, // Transfer Hook Program ID
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
),
createInitializeMintInstruction(
mint.publicKey,
decimals,
wallet.publicKey,
null,
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
)
);
const txSig = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(
provider.connection,
transaction,
[wallet.payer, mint]
);
console.log(`Transaction Signature: ${txSig}`);
});
// Create the two token accounts for the transfer-hook enabled mint
// Fund the sender token account with 100 tokens
it("Create Token Accounts and Mint Tokens", async () => {
// 100 tokens
const amount = 100 * 10 ** decimals;
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction(
wallet.publicKey,
sourceTokenAccount,
wallet.publicKey,
mint.publicKey,
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
),
createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction(
wallet.publicKey,
destinationTokenAccount,
recipient.publicKey,
mint.publicKey,
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
),
createMintToInstruction(
mint.publicKey,
sourceTokenAccount,
wallet.publicKey,
amount,
[],
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
)
);
const txSig = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(
connection,
transaction,
[wallet.payer],
{ skipPreflight: true }
);
console.log(`Transaction Signature: ${txSig}`);
});
// Account to store extra accounts required by the transfer hook instruction
it("Create ExtraAccountMetaList Account", async () => {
const initializeExtraAccountMetaListInstruction = await program.methods
.initializeExtraAccountMetaList()
.accounts({
payer: wallet.publicKey,
extraAccountMetaList: extraAccountMetaListPDA,
mint: mint.publicKey,
wsolMint: NATIVE_MINT,
tokenProgram: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
associatedTokenProgram: ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
})
.instruction();
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
initializeExtraAccountMetaListInstruction
);
const txSig = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(
provider.connection,
transaction,
[wallet.payer],
{ skipPreflight: true, commitment : "confirmed"}
);
console.log("Transaction Signature:", txSig);
});
it("Transfer Hook with Extra Account Meta", async () => {
// 1 tokens
const amount = 1 * 10 ** decimals;
const bigIntAmount = BigInt(amount);
// Instruction for sender to fund their WSol token account
const solTransferInstruction = SystemProgram.transfer({
fromPubkey: wallet.publicKey,
toPubkey: senderWSolTokenAccount,
lamports: amount,
});
// Approve delegate PDA to transfer WSol tokens from sender WSol token account
const approveInstruction = createApproveInstruction(
senderWSolTokenAccount,
delegatePDA,
wallet.publicKey,
amount,
[],
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
);
// Sync sender WSol token account
const syncWrappedSolInstruction = createSyncNativeInstruction(
senderWSolTokenAccount
);
// Standard token transfer instruction
const transferInstruction = await createTransferCheckedWithTransferHookInstruction(
connection,
sourceTokenAccount,
mint.publicKey,
destinationTokenAccount,
wallet.publicKey,
bigIntAmount,
decimals,
[],
"confirmed",
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
);
console.log("Pushed keys:", JSON.stringify(transferInstruction.keys));
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
solTransferInstruction,
syncWrappedSolInstruction,
approveInstruction,
transferInstruction
);
const txSig = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(
connection,
transaction,
[wallet.payer],
{ skipPreflight: true }
);
console.log("Transfer Signature:", txSig);
const tokenAccount = await getAccount(connection, delegateWSolTokenAccount);
assert.equal(Number(tokenAccount.amount), amount);
});
});
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-transfer-hook/programs
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-transfer-hook/programs/transfer-hook/Cargo.toml
|
[package]
name = "transfer-hook"
version = "0.1.0"
description = "Created with Anchor"
edition = "2021"
[lib]
crate-type = ["cdylib", "lib"]
name = "transfer_hook"
[features]
no-entrypoint = []
no-idl = []
no-log-ix-name = []
cpi = ["no-entrypoint"]
default = []
[dependencies]
anchor-lang = "0.29.0"
anchor-spl = "0.29.0"
solana-program = "1.17.13"
spl-transfer-hook-interface = "0.4.1"
spl-tlv-account-resolution = "0.5.0"
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-transfer-hook/programs
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-transfer-hook/programs/transfer-hook/Xargo.toml
|
[target.bpfel-unknown-unknown.dependencies.std]
features = []
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-transfer-hook/programs/transfer-hook
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-transfer-hook/programs/transfer-hook/src/lib.rs
|
use anchor_lang::{
prelude::*,
system_program::{create_account, CreateAccount},
};
use anchor_spl::{
associated_token::AssociatedToken,
token_interface::{transfer_checked, Mint, TokenAccount, TokenInterface, TransferChecked},
};
use spl_tlv_account_resolution::{
account::ExtraAccountMeta, seeds::Seed, state::ExtraAccountMetaList,
};
use spl_transfer_hook_interface::instruction::{ExecuteInstruction, TransferHookInstruction};
// transfer-hook program that charges a SOL fee on token transfer
// use a delegate and wrapped SOL because signers from initial transfer are not accessible
declare_id!("DrWbQtYJGtsoRwzKqAbHKHKsCJJfpysudF39GBVFSxub");
#[program]
pub mod transfer_hook {
use super::*;
pub fn initialize_extra_account_meta_list(
ctx: Context<InitializeExtraAccountMetaList>,
) -> Result<()> {
// index 0-3 are the accounts required for token transfer (source, mint, destination, owner)
// index 4 is address of ExtraAccountMetaList account
// The `addExtraAccountsToInstruction` JS helper function resolving incorrectly
let account_metas = vec![
// index 5, wrapped SOL mint
ExtraAccountMeta::new_with_pubkey(&ctx.accounts.wsol_mint.key(), false, false)?,
// index 6, token program
ExtraAccountMeta::new_with_pubkey(&ctx.accounts.token_program.key(), false, false)?,
// index 7, associated token program
ExtraAccountMeta::new_with_pubkey(
&ctx.accounts.associated_token_program.key(),
false,
false,
)?,
// index 8, delegate PDA
ExtraAccountMeta::new_with_seeds(
&[Seed::Literal {
bytes: "delegate".as_bytes().to_vec(),
}],
false, // is_signer
true, // is_writable
)?,
// index 9, delegate wrapped SOL token account
ExtraAccountMeta::new_external_pda_with_seeds(
7, // associated token program index
&[
Seed::AccountKey { index: 8 }, // owner index (delegate PDA)
Seed::AccountKey { index: 6 }, // token program index
Seed::AccountKey { index: 5 }, // wsol mint index
],
false, // is_signer
true, // is_writable
)?,
// index 10, sender wrapped SOL token account
ExtraAccountMeta::new_external_pda_with_seeds(
7, // associated token program index
&[
Seed::AccountKey { index: 3 }, // owner index
Seed::AccountKey { index: 6 }, // token program index
Seed::AccountKey { index: 5 }, // wsol mint index
],
false, // is_signer
true, // is_writable
)?
];
// calculate account size
let account_size = ExtraAccountMetaList::size_of(account_metas.len())? as u64;
// calculate minimum required lamports
let lamports = Rent::get()?.minimum_balance(account_size as usize);
let mint = ctx.accounts.mint.key();
let signer_seeds: &[&[&[u8]]] = &[&[
b"extra-account-metas",
&mint.as_ref(),
&[ctx.bumps.extra_account_meta_list],
]];
// create ExtraAccountMetaList account
create_account(
CpiContext::new(
ctx.accounts.system_program.to_account_info(),
CreateAccount {
from: ctx.accounts.payer.to_account_info(),
to: ctx.accounts.extra_account_meta_list.to_account_info(),
},
)
.with_signer(signer_seeds),
lamports,
account_size,
ctx.program_id,
)?;
// initialize ExtraAccountMetaList account with extra accounts
ExtraAccountMetaList::init::<ExecuteInstruction>(
&mut ctx.accounts.extra_account_meta_list.try_borrow_mut_data()?,
&account_metas,
)?;
Ok(())
}
pub fn transfer_hook(ctx: Context<TransferHook>, amount: u64) -> Result<()> {
let signer_seeds: &[&[&[u8]]] = &[&[b"delegate", &[ctx.bumps.delegate]]];
msg!("Transfer WSOL using delegate PDA");
// transfer WSOL from sender to delegate token account using delegate PDA
transfer_checked(
CpiContext::new(
ctx.accounts.token_program.to_account_info(),
TransferChecked {
from: ctx.accounts.sender_wsol_token_account.to_account_info(),
mint: ctx.accounts.wsol_mint.to_account_info(),
to: ctx.accounts.delegate_wsol_token_account.to_account_info(),
authority: ctx.accounts.delegate.to_account_info(),
},
)
.with_signer(signer_seeds),
amount,
ctx.accounts.wsol_mint.decimals,
)?;
Ok(())
}
// fallback instruction handler as workaround to anchor instruction discriminator check
pub fn fallback<'info>(
program_id: &Pubkey,
accounts: &'info [AccountInfo<'info>],
data: &[u8],
) -> Result<()> {
let instruction = TransferHookInstruction::unpack(data)?;
// match instruction discriminator to transfer hook interface execute instruction
// token2022 program CPIs this instruction on token transfer
match instruction {
TransferHookInstruction::Execute { amount } => {
let amount_bytes = amount.to_le_bytes();
// invoke custom transfer hook instruction on our program
__private::__global::transfer_hook(program_id, accounts, &amount_bytes)
}
_ => return Err(ProgramError::InvalidInstructionData.into()),
}
}
}
#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct InitializeExtraAccountMetaList<'info> {
#[account(mut)]
payer: Signer<'info>,
/// CHECK: ExtraAccountMetaList Account, must use these seeds
#[account(
mut,
seeds = [b"extra-account-metas", mint.key().as_ref()],
bump
)]
pub extra_account_meta_list: AccountInfo<'info>,
pub mint: InterfaceAccount<'info, Mint>,
pub wsol_mint: InterfaceAccount<'info, Mint>,
pub token_program: Interface<'info, TokenInterface>,
pub associated_token_program: Program<'info, AssociatedToken>,
pub system_program: Program<'info, System>,
}
// Order of accounts matters for this struct.
// The first 4 accounts are the accounts required for token transfer (source, mint, destination, owner)
// Remaining accounts are the extra accounts required from the ExtraAccountMetaList account
// These accounts are provided via CPI to this program from the token2022 program
#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct TransferHook<'info> {
#[account(
token::mint = mint,
token::authority = owner,
)]
pub source_token: InterfaceAccount<'info, TokenAccount>,
pub mint: InterfaceAccount<'info, Mint>,
#[account(
token::mint = mint,
)]
pub destination_token: InterfaceAccount<'info, TokenAccount>,
/// CHECK: source token account owner, can be SystemAccount or PDA owned by another program
pub owner: UncheckedAccount<'info>,
/// CHECK: ExtraAccountMetaList Account,
#[account(
seeds = [b"extra-account-metas", mint.key().as_ref()],
bump
)]
pub extra_account_meta_list: UncheckedAccount<'info>,
pub wsol_mint: InterfaceAccount<'info, Mint>,
pub token_program: Interface<'info, TokenInterface>,
pub associated_token_program: Program<'info, AssociatedToken>,
#[account(
mut,
seeds = [b"delegate"],
bump
)]
pub delegate: SystemAccount<'info>,
#[account(
mut,
token::mint = wsol_mint,
token::authority = delegate,
)]
pub delegate_wsol_token_account: InterfaceAccount<'info, TokenAccount>,
#[account(
mut,
token::mint = wsol_mint,
token::authority = owner,
)]
pub sender_wsol_token_account: InterfaceAccount<'info, TokenAccount>,
}
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typescript@^4.3.5:
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dependencies:
node-gyp-build "^4.3.0"
uuid@^8.3.2:
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webidl-conversions@^3.0.0:
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resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/webidl-conversions/-/webidl-conversions-3.0.1.tgz"
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dependencies:
tr46 "~0.0.3"
webidl-conversions "^3.0.0"
which@2.0.2:
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resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/which/-/which-2.0.2.tgz"
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dependencies:
isexe "^2.0.0"
workerpool@6.2.0:
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resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/workerpool/-/workerpool-6.2.0.tgz"
integrity sha512-Rsk5qQHJ9eowMH28Jwhe8HEbmdYDX4lwoMWshiCXugjtHqMD9ZbiqSDLxcsfdqsETPzVUtX5s1Z5kStiIM6l4A==
wrap-ansi@^7.0.0:
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resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/wrap-ansi/-/wrap-ansi-7.0.0.tgz"
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dependencies:
ansi-styles "^4.0.0"
string-width "^4.1.0"
strip-ansi "^6.0.0"
wrappy@1:
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resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/wrappy/-/wrappy-1.0.2.tgz"
integrity sha512-l4Sp/DRseor9wL6EvV2+TuQn63dMkPjZ/sp9XkghTEbV9KlPS1xUsZ3u7/IQO4wxtcFB4bgpQPRcR3QCvezPcQ==
ws@^7.4.5:
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resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/ws/-/ws-7.5.9.tgz"
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yargs-parser@20.2.4, yargs-parser@^20.2.2:
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decamelize "^4.0.0"
flat "^5.0.2"
is-plain-obj "^2.1.0"
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dependencies:
cliui "^7.0.2"
escalade "^3.1.1"
get-caller-file "^2.0.5"
require-directory "^2.1.1"
string-width "^4.2.0"
y18n "^5.0.5"
yargs-parser "^20.2.2"
yn@^2.0.0:
version "2.0.0"
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yocto-queue@^0.1.0:
version "0.1.0"
resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/yocto-queue/-/yocto-queue-0.1.0.tgz"
integrity sha512-rVksvsnNCdJ/ohGc6xgPwyN8eheCxsiLM8mxuE/t/mOVqJewPuO1miLpTHQiRgTKCLexL4MeAFVagts7HmNZ2Q==
| 0
|
solana_public_repos
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-zero-copy-example/package.json
|
{
"scripts": {
"lint:fix": "prettier */*.js \"*/**/*{.js,.ts}\" -w",
"lint": "prettier */*.js \"*/**/*{.js,.ts}\" --check"
},
"dependencies": {
"@coral-xyz/anchor": "^0.30.1"
},
"devDependencies": {
"chai": "^4.3.4",
"mocha": "^9.0.3",
"ts-mocha": "^10.0.0",
"@types/bn.js": "^5.1.0",
"@types/chai": "^4.3.0",
"@types/mocha": "^9.0.0",
"typescript": "^4.3.5",
"prettier": "^2.6.2"
}
}
| 0
|
solana_public_repos
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-zero-copy-example/tsconfig.json
|
{
"compilerOptions": {
"types": ["mocha", "chai"],
"typeRoots": ["./node_modules/@types"],
"lib": ["es2015"],
"module": "commonjs",
"target": "es6",
"esModuleInterop": true
}
}
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-zero-copy-example
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-zero-copy-example/migrations/deploy.ts
|
// Migrations are an early feature. Currently, they're nothing more than this
// single deploy script that's invoked from the CLI, injecting a provider
// configured from the workspace's Anchor.toml.
const anchor = require("@project-serum/anchor");
module.exports = async function (provider) {
// Configure client to use the provider.
anchor.setProvider(provider);
// Add your deploy script here.
};
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-zero-copy-example
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-zero-copy-example/tests/stacksize.ts
|
import * as anchor from "@coral-xyz/anchor";
import { Program } from "@coral-xyz/anchor";
import { ZeroCopy } from "../target/types/zero_copy";
describe("stacksize", () => {
anchor.setProvider(anchor.AnchorProvider.env());
const program = anchor.workspace.ZeroCopy as Program<ZeroCopy>;
const signer = anchor.web3.Keypair.generate();
console.log("Local signer stacksize is: ", signer.publicKey.toBase58());
const connection = anchor.getProvider().connection;
let confirmOptions = {
skipPreflight: false,
};
before(async () => {
console.log(new Date(), "requesting airdrop");
const airdropTx = await connection.requestAirdrop(
signer.publicKey,
5 * anchor.web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
);
await connection.confirmTransaction(airdropTx);
});
it("Hit Stack size with a big struct", async () => {
try {
const tx = await program.methods
.initializeHitStackSize()
.accounts({
signer: signer.publicKey,
})
.signers([signer])
.rpc(confirmOptions);
console.log("Hit stack size signature", tx);
} catch (e) {
console.log("Error of hitting stack size: ", e);
}
});
});
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-zero-copy-example
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-zero-copy-example/tests/zerocopy.ts
|
import * as anchor from "@coral-xyz/anchor";
import { Program } from "@coral-xyz/anchor";
import { ZeroCopy } from "../target/types/zero_copy";
describe("zero-copy", () => {
anchor.setProvider(anchor.AnchorProvider.env());
const program = anchor.workspace.ZeroCopy as Program<ZeroCopy>;
const signer = anchor.web3.Keypair.generate();
console.log("Local signer zero copy is: ", signer.publicKey.toBase58());
const connection = anchor.getProvider().connection;
let confirmOptions = {
skipPreflight: true,
};
let [pdaZeroCopy] = anchor.web3.PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync(
[
anchor.utils.bytes.utf8.encode("data_holder_zero_copy_v0"),
signer.publicKey.toBuffer(),
],
program.programId
);
before(async () => {
console.log(new Date(), "requesting airdrop");
const airdropTx = await connection.requestAirdrop(
signer.publicKey,
5 * anchor.web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
);
await connection.confirmTransaction(airdropTx);
});
it("Initialize 10kb accounts", async () => {
const tx = await program.methods
.initializeZeroCopy()
.accounts({
signer: signer.publicKey,
})
.signers([signer])
.rpc();
console.log("Initialize transaction", tx);
});
// Fill big account with data above heap size using copy_from_slice in the program
it("Send 912 long string 43 times to fill 39224Kb (-8Kb for account descriminator)", async () => {
let confirmOptions = {
skipPreflight: true,
};
// We need to increase the space in 10 * 1024 byte steps otherwise we will get an error
// This will work up to 10Mb
let reallocTransaction = await program.methods
.increaseAccountDataZeroCopy(20480)
.accounts({
dataHolder: pdaZeroCopy,
signer: signer.publicKey,
})
.signers([signer])
.rpc();
reallocTransaction = await program.methods
.increaseAccountDataZeroCopy(30720)
.accounts({
dataHolder: pdaZeroCopy,
signer: signer.publicKey,
})
.signers([signer])
.rpc();
reallocTransaction = await program.methods
.increaseAccountDataZeroCopy(40960)
.accounts({
dataHolder: pdaZeroCopy,
signer: signer.publicKey,
})
.signers([signer])
.rpc();
connection.getAccountInfo(pdaZeroCopy).then((accountInfo) => {
console.log("Account size: ", accountInfo.data.length);
});
// 1024 - 32 - 32 - 32 - 8 - 8 = 912
const string_length = 912;
for (let counter = 0; counter < 43; counter++) {
try {
const tx = await program.methods
.setData(
"A".repeat(string_length),
new anchor.BN.BN(string_length * counter)
)
.accounts({
dataHolder: pdaZeroCopy,
signer: signer.publicKey,
})
.signers([signer])
.rpc();
console.log("Add more string " + counter, tx);
connection.getAccountInfo(pdaZeroCopy).then((accountInfo) => {
let counter = 0;
for (let bytes of accountInfo.data) {
if (bytes != 0) {
counter++;
}
}
console.log("Non zero bytes in buffer: " + counter);
});
} catch (e) {
console.log("error occurred: ", e);
}
}
});
});
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-zero-copy-example
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-zero-copy-example/tests/withoutzerocopy.ts
|
import * as anchor from "@coral-xyz/anchor";
import { Program } from "@coral-xyz/anchor";
import { ZeroCopy } from "../target/types/zero_copy";
describe("without_zero_copy", () => {
anchor.setProvider(anchor.AnchorProvider.env());
const program = anchor.workspace.ZeroCopy as Program<ZeroCopy>;
const signer = anchor.web3.Keypair.generate();
console.log(
"Local signer without zero copy is: ",
signer.publicKey.toBase58()
);
const connection = anchor.getProvider().connection;
let confirmOptions = {
skipPreflight: true,
};
let [pdaNoZeroCopy] = anchor.web3.PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync(
[
anchor.utils.bytes.utf8.encode("data_holder_no_zero_copy_v0"),
signer.publicKey.toBuffer(),
],
program.programId
);
before(async () => {
console.log(new Date(), "requesting airdrop");
const airdropTx = await connection.requestAirdrop(
signer.publicKey,
5 * anchor.web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
);
await connection.confirmTransaction(airdropTx);
});
it("Initialize 10kb accounts", async () => {
const tx = await program.methods
.initializeNoZeroCopy()
.accounts({
signer: signer.publicKey,
})
.signers([signer])
.rpc();
console.log("Initialize transaction", tx);
});
it("Test without zero copy!", async () => {
const string_length = 920;
// Max transaction size data size is 1232 Byte minus 32 bytes per account pubkey and instruction disciminator
// signature 64
// Blockhash 32
// 1024 - 32 - 32 - 32 - 8 = 920
const tx = await program.methods
.increaseAccountData(20480)
.accounts({
signer: signer.publicKey,
dataHolder: pdaNoZeroCopy,
})
.signers([signer])
.rpc();
console.log("Realloc", tx);
// Although the account is big (20480Kb) as soon as we put more data we will get an out of memory error since PDA accounts
// are limited not by the usualy heap size of 32 Kb but 10Kb per PDA. This does not apply for zero copy accounts.
// for (let counter = 0; counter < 13; counter++) {
for (let counter = 0; counter < 12; counter++) {
try {
const tx = await program.methods
.setDataNoZeroCopy("A".repeat(string_length))
.accounts({
signer: signer.publicKey,
dataHolder: pdaNoZeroCopy,
})
.signers([signer])
.rpc(confirmOptions);
console.log("Add more string " + counter, tx);
} catch (e) {
console.log("error occurred: ", e);
}
}
connection.getAccountInfo(pdaNoZeroCopy).then((accountInfo) => {
let counter = 0;
for (let bytes of accountInfo.data) {
if (bytes != 0) {
counter++;
}
}
console.log("Non zero bytes in buffer: " + counter);
});
});
});
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-zero-copy-example/programs
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-zero-copy-example/programs/zero-copy/Cargo.toml
|
[package]
name = "zero-copy"
version = "0.1.0"
description = "Created with Anchor"
edition = "2021"
[lib]
crate-type = ["cdylib", "lib"]
name = "zero_copy"
[features]
no-entrypoint = []
no-idl = []
no-log-ix-name = []
cpi = ["no-entrypoint"]
default = []
idl-build = ["anchor-lang/idl-build"]
[dependencies]
anchor-lang = "0.30.1"
bytemuck = { version = "1.7", features = ["derive"] }
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-zero-copy-example/programs
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-zero-copy-example/programs/zero-copy/Xargo.toml
|
[target.bpfel-unknown-unknown.dependencies.std]
features = []
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-zero-copy-example/programs/zero-copy
|
solana_public_repos/anchor-zero-copy-example/programs/zero-copy/src/lib.rs
|
use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
use anchor_lang::solana_program::system_program;
use std::str;
use bytemuck::{ Pod, Zeroable };
declare_id!("E7GebMdwaGevhj7G9EZFhkrMz6gQKyTnTNbx8gWvf8KF");
#[program]
pub mod zero_copy {
use super::*;
pub fn initialize_no_zero_copy(_ctx: Context<InitializeNoZeroCopy>) -> Result<()> {
Ok(())
}
pub fn initialize_zero_copy(_ctx: Context<InitializeZeroCopy>) -> Result<()> {
Ok(())
}
pub fn initialize_hit_stack_size(_ctx: Context<InitializeHitStackSize>) -> Result<()> {
Ok(())
}
pub fn set_data(ctx: Context<SetData>, string_to_set: String, index: u64) -> Result<()> {
let text_to_add_to_the_account = str::from_utf8(string_to_set.as_bytes()).unwrap();
//msg!(text_to_add_to_the_account);
// Since the account is bigger that the heap space as soon as we access the whole account we will get a out of memory error
// let string = &ctx.accounts.data_holder.load_mut()?.long_string;
// let complete_string = str::from_utf8(string).unwrap();
// msg!("DataLength: {}", string.len());
// msg!("CompleteString: {}", complete_string);
// So the solution is use copy_from_slice and mem copy when we want to access data in the big account
ctx.accounts.data_holder
.load_mut()?
.long_string[index as usize..(index + 912) as usize].copy_from_slice(
string_to_set.as_bytes()
);
Ok(())
}
pub fn increase_account_data_zero_copy(
_ctx: Context<IncreaseZeroCopy>,
_len: u16
) -> Result<()> {
Ok(())
}
pub fn increase_account_data(_ctx: Context<IncreaseAccoutSize>, _len: u16) -> Result<()> {
Ok(())
}
pub fn set_data_no_zero_copy(
ctx: Context<SetDataNoZeroCopy>,
string_to_set: String
) -> Result<()> {
// This will work up to the limit of heap space
ctx.accounts.data_holder.greet_string.push_str(&string_to_set);
//msg!(&ctx.accounts.data_holder.greet_string.len().to_string());
Ok(())
}
}
#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct InitializeZeroCopy<'info> {
#[account(
init,
seeds = [b"data_holder_zero_copy_v0", signer.key().as_ref()],
bump,
payer = signer,
space = 10 * (1024 as usize)
)]
pub data_holder: AccountLoader<'info, DataHolder>,
#[account(mut)]
pub signer: Signer<'info>,
#[account(address = system_program::ID)]
pub system_program: Program<'info, System>,
}
#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct InitializeNoZeroCopy<'info> {
#[account(
init,
seeds = [b"data_holder_no_zero_copy_v0", signer.key().as_ref()],
bump,
payer = signer,
space = 10 * (1024 as usize)
)]
pub data_holder_no_zero_copy: Account<'info, DataHolderNoZeroCopy>,
#[account(mut)]
pub signer: Signer<'info>,
#[account(address = system_program::ID)]
pub system_program: Program<'info, System>,
}
#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct SetData<'info> {
#[account(mut)]
pub data_holder: AccountLoader<'info, DataHolder>,
#[account(mut)]
pub signer: Signer<'info>,
}
#[account(zero_copy(unsafe))]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct DataHolder {
// 40952 = 40960 - 8 (account desciminator)
pub long_string: [u8; 40952],
}
#[derive(Accounts)]
#[instruction(len: u16)]
pub struct IncreaseZeroCopy<'info> {
#[account(mut,
realloc = len as usize,
realloc::zero = true,
realloc::payer=signer)]
pub data_holder: AccountLoader<'info, DataHolder>,
#[account(mut)]
pub signer: Signer<'info>,
#[account(address = system_program::ID)]
pub system_program: Program<'info, System>,
}
#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct SetDataNoZeroCopy<'info> {
#[account(mut)]
pub data_holder: Account<'info, DataHolderNoZeroCopy>,
#[account(mut)]
pub signer: Signer<'info>,
}
#[derive(Accounts)]
#[instruction(len: u16)]
pub struct IncreaseAccoutSize<'info> {
#[account(mut,
realloc = len as usize,
realloc::zero = true,
realloc::payer=signer)]
pub data_holder: Account<'info, DataHolderNoZeroCopy>,
#[account(mut)]
pub signer: Signer<'info>,
#[account(address = system_program::ID)]
pub system_program: Program<'info, System>,
}
#[account]
pub struct DataHolderNoZeroCopy {
pub greet_string: String,
}
#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct InitializeHitStackSize<'info> {
#[account(
init,
seeds = [b"hit_stack_size", signer.key().as_ref()],
bump,
payer = signer,
space = 10 * (1024 as usize)
)]
pub data_holder: Account<'info, HitStackSize>,
#[account(mut)]
pub signer: Signer<'info>,
#[account(address = system_program::ID)]
pub system_program: Program<'info, System>,
}
#[account]
// 9 * (128 + 1) = 1161 bytes -> With the way anchor deserialized the account in the init function this will already hit the stack limit
// Error will be: Stack offset of 4536 exceeded max offset of 4096 by 440 bytes
pub struct HitStackSize {
board: [Option<BigStruct>; 10],
}
#[derive(AnchorSerialize, AnchorDeserialize, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
// Size of this struct is 32 bytes * 4 = 128 bytes
pub struct BigStruct {
pub public_key_1: Pubkey,
pub public_key_2: Pubkey,
pub public_key_3: Pubkey,
pub public_key_4: Pubkey,
pub small_scrut: SmallScrut,
pub padding: [u8; 199],
}
#[derive(AnchorSerialize, AnchorDeserialize, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct SmallScrut {
pub public_key_1: u64,
pub public_key_2: u64,
pub public_key_3: u64,
pub public_key_4: u64,
}
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/Cargo.toml
|
[package]
name = "stockpile-lite"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"
license = "WTFPL"
publish = false
[dependencies]
borsh = "0.10.3"
borsh-derive = "1.5.1"
solana-program = "=1.18.1"
spl-token = { version = "4.0.0", features = [ "no-entrypoint" ] }
spl-associated-token-account = { version = "2.0.0", features = [ "no-entrypoint" ] }
thiserror = "1.0.61"
shank = "0.4.2"
solana-nostd-entrypoint = "0.3.0"
[features]
test-bpf = []
[dev-dependencies]
assert_matches = "1.4.0"
solana-logger = "=1.18.1"
solana-program-test = "=1.18.1"
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optionalDependencies:
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color-convert@^2.0.1:
version "2.0.1"
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color-name "~1.1.4"
color-name@~1.1.4:
version "1.1.4"
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cross-spawn@^7.0.0, cross-spawn@^7.0.3:
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path-key "^3.1.0"
shebang-command "^2.0.0"
which "^2.0.1"
debug@^4.1.1, debug@^4.3.1, debug@^4.3.3, debug@^4.3.4:
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ms "2.1.2"
define-data-property@^1.0.1, define-data-property@^1.1.4:
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es-errors "^1.3.0"
gopd "^1.0.1"
define-properties@^1.1.3, define-properties@^1.2.1:
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define-data-property "^1.0.1"
has-property-descriptors "^1.0.0"
object-keys "^1.1.1"
delay@^5.0.0:
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path-type "^4.0.0"
dot-case@^3.0.4:
version "3.0.4"
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no-case "^3.0.4"
tslib "^2.0.3"
eastasianwidth@^0.2.0:
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get-intrinsic "^1.2.4"
es-errors@^1.3.0:
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es6-promisify@^5.0.0:
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es6-promise "^4.0.3"
esbuild@^0.21.4:
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eventemitter3@^5.0.1:
version "5.0.1"
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execa@^5.0.0:
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dependencies:
cross-spawn "^7.0.3"
get-stream "^6.0.0"
human-signals "^2.1.0"
is-stream "^2.0.0"
merge-stream "^2.0.0"
npm-run-path "^4.0.1"
onetime "^5.1.2"
signal-exit "^3.0.3"
strip-final-newline "^2.0.0"
eyes@^0.1.8:
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fast-glob@^3.2.9:
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glob-parent "^5.1.2"
merge2 "^1.3.0"
micromatch "^4.0.4"
fast-stable-stringify@^1.0.0:
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fastq@^1.6.0:
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reusify "^1.0.4"
file-uri-to-path@1.0.0:
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to-regex-range "^5.0.1"
find-process@^1.4.7:
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tslib "^2.0.3"
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bundle-require "^4.0.0"
cac "^6.7.12"
chokidar "^3.5.1"
debug "^4.3.1"
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joycon "^3.0.1"
postcss-load-config "^4.0.1"
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rollup "^4.0.2"
source-map "0.8.0-beta.0"
sucrase "^3.20.3"
tree-kill "^1.2.2"
typedoc@^0.25.7:
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dependencies:
lunr "^2.3.9"
marked "^4.3.0"
minimatch "^9.0.3"
shiki "^0.14.7"
typescript@*:
version "5.4.5"
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undici-types@~5.26.4:
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utf-8-validate@^5.0.2:
version "5.0.10"
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node-gyp-build "^4.3.0"
util@^0.12.5:
version "0.12.5"
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dependencies:
inherits "^2.0.3"
is-arguments "^1.0.4"
is-generator-function "^1.0.7"
is-typed-array "^1.1.3"
which-typed-array "^1.1.2"
uuid@^8.3.2:
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resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/uuid/-/uuid-8.3.2.tgz#80d5b5ced271bb9af6c445f21a1a04c606cefbe2"
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vscode-oniguruma@^1.7.0:
version "1.7.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/vscode-oniguruma/-/vscode-oniguruma-1.7.0.tgz#439bfad8fe71abd7798338d1cd3dc53a8beea94b"
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vscode-textmate@^8.0.0:
version "8.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/vscode-textmate/-/vscode-textmate-8.0.0.tgz#2c7a3b1163ef0441097e0b5d6389cd5504b59e5d"
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webidl-conversions@^3.0.0:
version "3.0.1"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/webidl-conversions/-/webidl-conversions-3.0.1.tgz#24534275e2a7bc6be7bc86611cc16ae0a5654871"
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webidl-conversions@^4.0.2:
version "4.0.2"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/webidl-conversions/-/webidl-conversions-4.0.2.tgz#a855980b1f0b6b359ba1d5d9fb39ae941faa63ad"
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whatwg-url@^5.0.0:
version "5.0.0"
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tr46 "~0.0.3"
webidl-conversions "^3.0.0"
whatwg-url@^7.0.0:
version "7.1.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/whatwg-url/-/whatwg-url-7.1.0.tgz#c2c492f1eca612988efd3d2266be1b9fc6170d06"
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dependencies:
lodash.sortby "^4.7.0"
tr46 "^1.0.1"
webidl-conversions "^4.0.2"
which-typed-array@^1.1.14, which-typed-array@^1.1.2:
version "1.1.15"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/which-typed-array/-/which-typed-array-1.1.15.tgz#264859e9b11a649b388bfaaf4f767df1f779b38d"
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dependencies:
available-typed-arrays "^1.0.7"
call-bind "^1.0.7"
for-each "^0.3.3"
gopd "^1.0.1"
has-tostringtag "^1.0.2"
which@^2.0.1:
version "2.0.2"
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dependencies:
isexe "^2.0.0"
"wrap-ansi-cjs@npm:wrap-ansi@^7.0.0":
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ansi-styles "^4.0.0"
string-width "^4.1.0"
strip-ansi "^6.0.0"
wrap-ansi@^8.1.0:
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yaml@^2.3.4:
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| 0
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/package.json
|
{
"name": "@arrangedev/stockpile-lite",
"version": "0.1.0",
"description": "SDK for Stockpile Lite",
"main": "lib/index.js",
"module": "lib/index.mjs",
"types": "lib/index.d.ts",
"exports": {
".": {
"require": "./lib/index.js",
"import": "./lib/index.mjs",
"types": "./lib/index.d.ts"
},
"./package.json": "./package.json"
},
"license": "GPL-3.0-only",
"scripts": {
"build:js": "tsup src/index.ts --format esm,cjs --outDir lib",
"build:types": "tsc --emitDeclarationOnly",
"build": "yarn build:js && yarn build:types",
"generate": "yarn solita",
"ts": "tsc --noEmit",
"prepare:canary": "yarn build && npm version --prerelease --preid=canary"
},
"dependencies": {
"@metaplex-foundation/beet": "0.7.1",
"@metaplex-foundation/beet-solana": "0.4.0",
"@metaplex-foundation/cusper": "^0.0.2",
"@solana/spl-token": "^0.3.6",
"@solana/web3.js": "^1.70.3",
"@types/bn.js": "^5.1.1",
"assert": "^2.0.0",
"bn.js": "^5.2.1",
"buffer": "6.0.3",
"invariant": "2.2.4"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@metaplex-foundation/solita": "0.20.0",
"@types/invariant": "2.2.35",
"@types/node": "18.11.17",
"tsup": "^8.0.2",
"typedoc": "^0.25.7",
"typescript": "*"
}
}
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/.solitarc.js
|
const path = require('path');
const programDir = path.join(__dirname, '..');
const idlDir = path.join(__dirname, 'idl');
const sdkDir = path.join(__dirname, 'src', 'generated');
const binaryInstallDir = path.join(__dirname, '.crates');
module.exports = {
idlGenerator: 'shank',
programName: 'stockpile_lite',
idlDir,
sdkDir,
binaryInstallDir,
programDir,
};
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/tsconfig.json
|
{
"compilerOptions": {
"target": "esnext",
"module": "es2022",
"moduleResolution": "node",
"lib": ["es2015", "DOM"],
"allowJs": true,
"esModuleInterop": true,
"outDir": "lib",
"declaration": true,
"strict": true
},
"include": ["src/**/*"]
}
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/idl/stockpile_lite.json
|
{
"version": "0.1.0",
"name": "stockpile_lite",
"instructions": [
{
"name": "CreatePool",
"accounts": [
{
"name": "poolAccount",
"isMut": true,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"Master account for a QF round"
]
},
{
"name": "payer",
"isMut": true,
"isSigner": true,
"docs": [
"Fee payer/Initializer"
]
},
{
"name": "systemProgram",
"isMut": false,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"System Program"
]
}
],
"args": [
{
"name": "createPoolArgs",
"type": {
"defined": "CreatePoolArgs"
}
}
],
"discriminant": {
"type": "u8",
"value": 0
}
},
{
"name": "CreateVault",
"accounts": [
{
"name": "vaultAccount",
"isMut": true,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"Master account for a vault. This is a proxy for a beneficiary"
]
},
{
"name": "payer",
"isMut": true,
"isSigner": true,
"docs": [
"Fee payer/Initializer"
]
},
{
"name": "systemProgram",
"isMut": false,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"System Program"
]
}
],
"args": [
{
"name": "createVaultArgs",
"type": {
"defined": "CreateVaultArgs"
}
}
],
"discriminant": {
"type": "u8",
"value": 1
}
},
{
"name": "JoinPool",
"accounts": [
{
"name": "participantAccount",
"isMut": true,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"Account denoting a participant, tied to both a pool and a vault"
]
},
{
"name": "poolAccount",
"isMut": true,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"Master account for a QF round"
]
},
{
"name": "payer",
"isMut": true,
"isSigner": true,
"docs": [
"Fee payer/Initializer"
]
},
{
"name": "systemProgram",
"isMut": false,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"System Program"
]
}
],
"args": [
{
"name": "joinPoolArgs",
"type": {
"defined": "JoinPoolArgs"
}
}
],
"discriminant": {
"type": "u8",
"value": 2
}
},
{
"name": "Refresh",
"accounts": [],
"args": [
{
"name": "refreshArgs",
"type": {
"defined": "RefreshArgs"
}
}
],
"discriminant": {
"type": "u8",
"value": 3
}
},
{
"name": "ContributeWithVote",
"accounts": [
{
"name": "participantAccount",
"isMut": true,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"Account denoting a participant, tied to both a pool and a vault"
]
},
{
"name": "poolAccount",
"isMut": true,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"Master account for a QF round"
]
},
{
"name": "voteTableAccount",
"isMut": true,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"Current vote table for the participant"
]
},
{
"name": "mint",
"isMut": false,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"Mint account for the pool"
]
},
{
"name": "targetVault",
"isMut": true,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"Master account for the target vault"
]
},
{
"name": "vaultAuthorityTokenAccount",
"isMut": true,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"Token account for the vault's authority key"
]
},
{
"name": "payer",
"isMut": true,
"isSigner": true,
"docs": [
"Fee payer"
]
},
{
"name": "payerTokenAccount",
"isMut": true,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"Fee payer's token account"
]
},
{
"name": "systemProgram",
"isMut": false,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"System Program"
]
},
{
"name": "tokenProgram",
"isMut": false,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"Token Program"
]
},
{
"name": "nextVoteTableAccount",
"isMut": true,
"isSigner": false,
"isOptional": true,
"docs": [
"Derived key for the next vote table, if the current one is full."
]
},
{
"name": "relayerKey",
"isMut": false,
"isSigner": true,
"isOptional": true,
"docs": [
"Relayer key for 'Relayer' sybil strategy, if specified"
]
}
],
"args": [
{
"name": "contributeWithVoteArgs",
"type": {
"defined": "ContributeWithVoteArgs"
}
}
],
"discriminant": {
"type": "u8",
"value": 4
}
},
{
"name": "AcceptParticipant",
"accounts": [
{
"name": "participantAccount",
"isMut": true,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"Account denoting a participant that's being accepted"
]
},
{
"name": "poolAccount",
"isMut": true,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"Master account for a QF round"
]
},
{
"name": "voteTableAccount",
"isMut": true,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"Current vote table for the participant"
]
},
{
"name": "payer",
"isMut": true,
"isSigner": true,
"docs": [
"Fee payer/Initializer"
]
},
{
"name": "systemProgram",
"isMut": false,
"isSigner": false,
"docs": [
"System Program"
]
}
],
"args": [],
"discriminant": {
"type": "u8",
"value": 5
}
},
{
"name": "CreatePool",
"accounts": [],
"args": [
{
"name": "createPoolArgs",
"type": {
"defined": "CreatePoolArgs"
}
}
],
"discriminant": {
"type": "u8",
"value": 0
}
},
{
"name": "CreateVault",
"accounts": [],
"args": [
{
"name": "createVaultArgs",
"type": {
"defined": "CreateVaultArgs"
}
}
],
"discriminant": {
"type": "u8",
"value": 1
}
},
{
"name": "JoinPool",
"accounts": [],
"args": [
{
"name": "joinPoolArgs",
"type": {
"defined": "JoinPoolArgs"
}
}
],
"discriminant": {
"type": "u8",
"value": 2
}
},
{
"name": "Refresh",
"accounts": [],
"args": [
{
"name": "refreshArgs",
"type": {
"defined": "RefreshArgs"
}
}
],
"discriminant": {
"type": "u8",
"value": 3
}
},
{
"name": "ContributeWithVote",
"accounts": [],
"args": [
{
"name": "contributeWithVoteArgs",
"type": {
"defined": "ContributeWithVoteArgs"
}
}
],
"discriminant": {
"type": "u8",
"value": 4
}
},
{
"name": "AcceptParticipant",
"accounts": [],
"args": [],
"discriminant": {
"type": "u8",
"value": 5
}
}
],
"accounts": [
{
"name": "Participant",
"type": {
"kind": "struct",
"fields": [
{
"name": "poolId",
"type": "publicKey"
},
{
"name": "vaultId",
"type": "publicKey"
},
{
"name": "timestamp",
"type": "u64"
},
{
"name": "tableIndex",
"type": "u8"
},
{
"name": "status",
"type": {
"defined": "AcceptanceStatus"
}
},
{
"name": "bump",
"type": "u8"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "Pool",
"type": {
"kind": "struct",
"fields": [
{
"name": "name",
"type": "string"
},
{
"name": "start",
"type": "u64"
},
{
"name": "end",
"type": "u64"
},
{
"name": "mint",
"type": "publicKey"
},
{
"name": "admins",
"type": {
"vec": "publicKey"
}
},
{
"name": "poolState",
"type": {
"defined": "PoolState"
}
},
{
"name": "poolAccess",
"type": {
"defined": "PoolAccess"
}
},
{
"name": "sybilStrategy",
"type": {
"defined": "SybilStrategy"
}
},
{
"name": "participantIndex",
"type": "u8"
},
{
"name": "bump",
"type": "u8"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "Vault",
"type": {
"kind": "struct",
"fields": [
{
"name": "name",
"type": "string"
},
{
"name": "authority",
"type": "publicKey"
},
{
"name": "vaultState",
"type": {
"defined": "VaultState"
}
},
{
"name": "bump",
"type": "u8"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "VoteTable",
"type": {
"kind": "struct",
"fields": [
{
"name": "pool",
"type": "publicKey"
},
{
"name": "participant",
"type": "publicKey"
},
{
"name": "table",
"type": {
"bTreeMap": [
"u8",
{
"defined": "VoteTicket"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "index",
"type": "u8"
},
{
"name": "bump",
"type": "u8"
}
]
}
}
],
"types": [
{
"name": "ContributeWithVoteArgs",
"type": {
"kind": "struct",
"fields": [
{
"name": "amount",
"type": "u64"
},
{
"name": "nextBump",
"type": {
"option": "u8"
}
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "CreatePoolArgs",
"type": {
"kind": "struct",
"fields": [
{
"name": "pool",
"type": {
"defined": "Pool"
}
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "CreateVaultArgs",
"type": {
"kind": "struct",
"fields": [
{
"name": "vault",
"type": {
"defined": "Vault"
}
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "JoinPoolArgs",
"type": {
"kind": "struct",
"fields": [
{
"name": "participant",
"type": {
"defined": "Participant"
}
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "JoinPoolWithTokenArgs",
"type": {
"kind": "struct",
"fields": [
{
"name": "participant",
"type": {
"defined": "Participant"
}
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "RefreshArgs",
"type": {
"kind": "struct",
"fields": [
{
"name": "pool",
"type": {
"defined": "Pool"
}
},
{
"name": "participants",
"type": {
"vec": {
"defined": "Participant"
}
}
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "TokenGateInfo",
"type": {
"kind": "struct",
"fields": [
{
"name": "mint",
"type": "publicKey"
},
{
"name": "minimumBalance",
"type": "u64"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "CustomStrategy",
"type": {
"kind": "struct",
"fields": [
{
"name": "programId",
"type": "publicKey"
},
{
"name": "accounts",
"type": {
"vec": "publicKey"
}
},
{
"name": "data",
"type": "bytes"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "VoteTicket",
"type": {
"kind": "struct",
"fields": [
{
"name": "voter",
"type": "publicKey"
},
{
"name": "amount",
"type": "u64"
},
{
"name": "timestamp",
"type": "u64"
},
{
"name": "voteStatus",
"type": {
"defined": "VoteStatus"
}
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "AcceptanceStatus",
"type": {
"kind": "enum",
"variants": [
{
"name": "Accepted"
},
{
"name": "Pending"
},
{
"name": "Denied"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "PoolState",
"type": {
"kind": "enum",
"variants": [
{
"name": "PendingStart"
},
{
"name": "Active"
},
{
"name": "Distributed"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "PoolAccess",
"type": {
"kind": "enum",
"variants": [
{
"name": "Open"
},
{
"name": "Manual"
},
{
"name": "TokenGated",
"fields": [
{
"defined": "TokenGateInfo"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "SybilStrategy",
"type": {
"kind": "enum",
"variants": [
{
"name": "None"
},
{
"name": "Relayer",
"fields": [
{
"vec": "publicKey"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Custom",
"fields": [
{
"defined": "CustomStrategy"
}
]
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "VaultState",
"type": {
"kind": "enum",
"variants": [
{
"name": "Active"
},
{
"name": "Deactivated"
},
{
"name": "Closed"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "VoteStatus",
"type": {
"kind": "enum",
"variants": [
{
"name": "Valid"
},
{
"name": "Invalid"
}
]
}
}
],
"errors": [
{
"code": 0,
"name": "DefaultError",
"msg": "I'm too lazy to write errors"
},
{
"code": 1,
"name": "PendingStart",
"msg": "Pool is pending start"
},
{
"code": 2,
"name": "PoolDistributed",
"msg": "Pool funds have been distributed"
},
{
"code": 3,
"name": "VaultClosed",
"msg": "This vault is closed"
},
{
"code": 4,
"name": "VaultDeactivated",
"msg": "This vault is deactivated"
}
],
"metadata": {
"origin": "shank",
"address": "BNsqbpyoGuh66NJh5tRw6DNqy6y6X9s6LgF6yunDGRKt",
"binaryVersion": "0.4.2",
"libVersion": "0.4.2"
}
}
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/src/index.ts
|
export * as generated from "./generated/index.js";
export { PROGRAM_ID, PROGRAM_ADDRESS } from "./generated/index.js";
/** Program accounts */
export * as accounts from "./generated/accounts";
/** Error parsing utils */
export * as errors from "./generated/errors";
/** Instructions */
export * as instructions from "./generated/instructions";
/** Additional types */
export * as types from "./generated/types";
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/src
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/src/generated/index.ts
|
import { PublicKey } from '@solana/web3.js'
export * from './accounts'
export * from './errors'
export * from './instructions'
export * from './types'
/**
* Program address
*
* @category constants
* @category generated
*/
export const PROGRAM_ADDRESS = 'BNsqbpyoGuh66NJh5tRw6DNqy6y6X9s6LgF6yunDGRKt'
/**
* Program public key
*
* @category constants
* @category generated
*/
export const PROGRAM_ID = new PublicKey(PROGRAM_ADDRESS)
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/src/generated
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/src/generated/instructions/JoinPool.ts
|
/**
* This code was GENERATED using the solita package.
* Please DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, instead rerun solita to update it or write a wrapper to add functionality.
*
* See: https://github.com/metaplex-foundation/solita
*/
import * as beet from '@metaplex-foundation/beet'
import * as web3 from '@solana/web3.js'
import { JoinPoolArgs, joinPoolArgsBeet } from '../types/JoinPoolArgs'
/**
* @category Instructions
* @category JoinPool
* @category generated
*/
export type JoinPoolInstructionArgs = {
joinPoolArgs: JoinPoolArgs
}
/**
* @category Instructions
* @category JoinPool
* @category generated
*/
export const JoinPoolStruct = new beet.BeetArgsStruct<
JoinPoolInstructionArgs & {
instructionDiscriminator: number
}
>(
[
['instructionDiscriminator', beet.u8],
['joinPoolArgs', joinPoolArgsBeet],
],
'JoinPoolInstructionArgs'
)
export const joinPoolInstructionDiscriminator = 2
/**
* Creates a _JoinPool_ instruction.
*
* @param args to provide as instruction data to the program
*
* @category Instructions
* @category JoinPool
* @category generated
*/
export function createJoinPoolInstruction(
args: JoinPoolInstructionArgs,
programId = new web3.PublicKey('BNsqbpyoGuh66NJh5tRw6DNqy6y6X9s6LgF6yunDGRKt')
) {
const [data] = JoinPoolStruct.serialize({
instructionDiscriminator: joinPoolInstructionDiscriminator,
...args,
})
const keys: web3.AccountMeta[] = []
const ix = new web3.TransactionInstruction({
programId,
keys,
data,
})
return ix
}
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/src/generated
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/src/generated/instructions/CreatePool.ts
|
/**
* This code was GENERATED using the solita package.
* Please DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, instead rerun solita to update it or write a wrapper to add functionality.
*
* See: https://github.com/metaplex-foundation/solita
*/
import * as beet from '@metaplex-foundation/beet'
import * as web3 from '@solana/web3.js'
import { CreatePoolArgs, createPoolArgsBeet } from '../types/CreatePoolArgs'
/**
* @category Instructions
* @category CreatePool
* @category generated
*/
export type CreatePoolInstructionArgs = {
createPoolArgs: CreatePoolArgs
}
/**
* @category Instructions
* @category CreatePool
* @category generated
*/
export const CreatePoolStruct = new beet.BeetArgsStruct<
CreatePoolInstructionArgs & {
instructionDiscriminator: number
}
>(
[
['instructionDiscriminator', beet.u8],
['createPoolArgs', createPoolArgsBeet],
],
'CreatePoolInstructionArgs'
)
export const createPoolInstructionDiscriminator = 0
/**
* Creates a _CreatePool_ instruction.
*
* @param args to provide as instruction data to the program
*
* @category Instructions
* @category CreatePool
* @category generated
*/
export function createCreatePoolInstruction(
args: CreatePoolInstructionArgs,
programId = new web3.PublicKey('BNsqbpyoGuh66NJh5tRw6DNqy6y6X9s6LgF6yunDGRKt')
) {
const [data] = CreatePoolStruct.serialize({
instructionDiscriminator: createPoolInstructionDiscriminator,
...args,
})
const keys: web3.AccountMeta[] = []
const ix = new web3.TransactionInstruction({
programId,
keys,
data,
})
return ix
}
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/src/generated
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/src/generated/instructions/Refresh.ts
|
/**
* This code was GENERATED using the solita package.
* Please DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, instead rerun solita to update it or write a wrapper to add functionality.
*
* See: https://github.com/metaplex-foundation/solita
*/
import * as beet from '@metaplex-foundation/beet'
import * as web3 from '@solana/web3.js'
import { RefreshArgs, refreshArgsBeet } from '../types/RefreshArgs'
/**
* @category Instructions
* @category Refresh
* @category generated
*/
export type RefreshInstructionArgs = {
refreshArgs: RefreshArgs
}
/**
* @category Instructions
* @category Refresh
* @category generated
*/
export const RefreshStruct = new beet.FixableBeetArgsStruct<
RefreshInstructionArgs & {
instructionDiscriminator: number
}
>(
[
['instructionDiscriminator', beet.u8],
['refreshArgs', refreshArgsBeet],
],
'RefreshInstructionArgs'
)
export const refreshInstructionDiscriminator = 3
/**
* Creates a _Refresh_ instruction.
*
* @param args to provide as instruction data to the program
*
* @category Instructions
* @category Refresh
* @category generated
*/
export function createRefreshInstruction(
args: RefreshInstructionArgs,
programId = new web3.PublicKey('BNsqbpyoGuh66NJh5tRw6DNqy6y6X9s6LgF6yunDGRKt')
) {
const [data] = RefreshStruct.serialize({
instructionDiscriminator: refreshInstructionDiscriminator,
...args,
})
const keys: web3.AccountMeta[] = []
const ix = new web3.TransactionInstruction({
programId,
keys,
data,
})
return ix
}
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/src/generated
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/src/generated/instructions/AcceptParticipant.ts
|
/**
* This code was GENERATED using the solita package.
* Please DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, instead rerun solita to update it or write a wrapper to add functionality.
*
* See: https://github.com/metaplex-foundation/solita
*/
import * as beet from '@metaplex-foundation/beet'
import * as web3 from '@solana/web3.js'
/**
* @category Instructions
* @category AcceptParticipant
* @category generated
*/
export const AcceptParticipantStruct = new beet.BeetArgsStruct<{
instructionDiscriminator: number
}>([['instructionDiscriminator', beet.u8]], 'AcceptParticipantInstructionArgs')
export const acceptParticipantInstructionDiscriminator = 5
/**
* Creates a _AcceptParticipant_ instruction.
*
* @category Instructions
* @category AcceptParticipant
* @category generated
*/
export function createAcceptParticipantInstruction(
programId = new web3.PublicKey('BNsqbpyoGuh66NJh5tRw6DNqy6y6X9s6LgF6yunDGRKt')
) {
const [data] = AcceptParticipantStruct.serialize({
instructionDiscriminator: acceptParticipantInstructionDiscriminator,
})
const keys: web3.AccountMeta[] = []
const ix = new web3.TransactionInstruction({
programId,
keys,
data,
})
return ix
}
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/src/generated
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/src/generated/instructions/CreateVault.ts
|
/**
* This code was GENERATED using the solita package.
* Please DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, instead rerun solita to update it or write a wrapper to add functionality.
*
* See: https://github.com/metaplex-foundation/solita
*/
import * as beet from '@metaplex-foundation/beet'
import * as web3 from '@solana/web3.js'
import { CreateVaultArgs, createVaultArgsBeet } from '../types/CreateVaultArgs'
/**
* @category Instructions
* @category CreateVault
* @category generated
*/
export type CreateVaultInstructionArgs = {
createVaultArgs: CreateVaultArgs
}
/**
* @category Instructions
* @category CreateVault
* @category generated
*/
export const CreateVaultStruct = new beet.BeetArgsStruct<
CreateVaultInstructionArgs & {
instructionDiscriminator: number
}
>(
[
['instructionDiscriminator', beet.u8],
['createVaultArgs', createVaultArgsBeet],
],
'CreateVaultInstructionArgs'
)
export const createVaultInstructionDiscriminator = 1
/**
* Creates a _CreateVault_ instruction.
*
* @param args to provide as instruction data to the program
*
* @category Instructions
* @category CreateVault
* @category generated
*/
export function createCreateVaultInstruction(
args: CreateVaultInstructionArgs,
programId = new web3.PublicKey('BNsqbpyoGuh66NJh5tRw6DNqy6y6X9s6LgF6yunDGRKt')
) {
const [data] = CreateVaultStruct.serialize({
instructionDiscriminator: createVaultInstructionDiscriminator,
...args,
})
const keys: web3.AccountMeta[] = []
const ix = new web3.TransactionInstruction({
programId,
keys,
data,
})
return ix
}
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/src/generated
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/src/generated/instructions/ContributeWithVote.ts
|
/**
* This code was GENERATED using the solita package.
* Please DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, instead rerun solita to update it or write a wrapper to add functionality.
*
* See: https://github.com/metaplex-foundation/solita
*/
import * as beet from '@metaplex-foundation/beet'
import * as web3 from '@solana/web3.js'
import {
ContributeWithVoteArgs,
contributeWithVoteArgsBeet,
} from '../types/ContributeWithVoteArgs'
/**
* @category Instructions
* @category ContributeWithVote
* @category generated
*/
export type ContributeWithVoteInstructionArgs = {
contributeWithVoteArgs: ContributeWithVoteArgs
}
/**
* @category Instructions
* @category ContributeWithVote
* @category generated
*/
export const ContributeWithVoteStruct = new beet.FixableBeetArgsStruct<
ContributeWithVoteInstructionArgs & {
instructionDiscriminator: number
}
>(
[
['instructionDiscriminator', beet.u8],
['contributeWithVoteArgs', contributeWithVoteArgsBeet],
],
'ContributeWithVoteInstructionArgs'
)
export const contributeWithVoteInstructionDiscriminator = 4
/**
* Creates a _ContributeWithVote_ instruction.
*
* @param args to provide as instruction data to the program
*
* @category Instructions
* @category ContributeWithVote
* @category generated
*/
export function createContributeWithVoteInstruction(
args: ContributeWithVoteInstructionArgs,
programId = new web3.PublicKey('BNsqbpyoGuh66NJh5tRw6DNqy6y6X9s6LgF6yunDGRKt')
) {
const [data] = ContributeWithVoteStruct.serialize({
instructionDiscriminator: contributeWithVoteInstructionDiscriminator,
...args,
})
const keys: web3.AccountMeta[] = []
const ix = new web3.TransactionInstruction({
programId,
keys,
data,
})
return ix
}
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/src/generated
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/src/generated/instructions/index.ts
|
export * from './AcceptParticipant'
export * from './ContributeWithVote'
export * from './CreatePool'
export * from './CreateVault'
export * from './JoinPool'
export * from './Refresh'
| 0
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/src/generated
|
solana_public_repos/StockpileLabs/stockpile-lite/sdk/src/generated/types/JoinPoolArgs.ts
|
/**
* This code was GENERATED using the solita package.
* Please DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, instead rerun solita to update it or write a wrapper to add functionality.
*
* See: https://github.com/metaplex-foundation/solita
*/
import * as beet from '@metaplex-foundation/beet'
import { Participant, participantBeet } from '../accounts/Participant'
export type JoinPoolArgs = {
participant: Participant
}
/**
* @category userTypes
* @category generated
*/
export const joinPoolArgsBeet = new beet.BeetArgsStruct<JoinPoolArgs>(
[['participant', participantBeet]],
'JoinPoolArgs'
)
| 0
|
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