message stringlengths 3 6.34k | message_type stringclasses 3 values | message_id int64 0 2 | conversation_id int64 77.2k 898k | cluster float64 33 33 | __index_level_0__ int64 231k 2.69M |
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,198 | 33 | 231,184 |
COVID-19 vaccines: Current evidence and considerations | output | 1 | 77,198 | 33 | 231,185 |
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global crisis, with devastating health, business and social impacts. Vaccination is a safe, simple, and effective way of protecting a person against COVID-19. By the end of August 2021, only 24.6% of the world population has received two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. Since the emergence of COVID-19, several COVID-19 vaccines have been developed and approved for emergency use. Current vaccines have shown efficacy with low risk of adverse effects. However, COVID-19 vaccines have been related to a relatively small number of cases of heart inflammation, anaphylaxis (allergic reactions), and blood clots formation. On the other hand, COVID-19 vaccination is not recommended for children less than 12 years of age. Furthermore, It has been proposed that some new variants (e.g., Lambda and Delta) are proficient in escaping from the antiviral immunity elicited by vaccination. Herein we present current considerations regarding the COVID-19 vaccines including: efficacy against new variants, challenges in distribution, disparities in availability, dosage gender and race difference, COVID-19 vaccine transport and storage, limitations in children and pregnant women. Long-time monitoring is essential in order to find vaccine efficacy and to rule out related side effects. | input | 2 | 77,198 | 33 | 231,186 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,248 | 33 | 231,334 |
[Pharmacotherapeutic options for SARS-CoV-2 infection / COVID-19] | output | 1 | 77,248 | 33 | 231,335 |
There is currently no proven effective therapy for COVID-19 Without wishing to be exhaustive, the drugs most studied in this regard are presented below Each of the listed therapeutic options is considered experimental at this stage However, given the severe public health implications of the epidemic and the potentially fatal outcome of COVID-19 patients treated in the intensive care unit, their use 'off-label' should be considered Orv Hetil 2020;161 (17): 685-688 | input | 2 | 77,248 | 33 | 231,336 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,335 | 33 | 231,595 |
Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19: should they be used as standard therapy? | output | 1 | 77,335 | 33 | 231,596 |
The pandemic of the new coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has urged the nations to an unprecedented world-wide reaction, including an accelerated exploration of therapeutic options. In the absence of a vaccine and specifically designed antivirals, the medical community has proposed the use of various previously available medications in order to reduce the number of patients requiring prolonged hospitalizations, oxygen therapy, and mechanical ventilation and to decrease mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are among the proposed drugs and are the most widely used so far, despite the lack of robust evidence on their usefulness. The objective of this article is to review and discuss the possible role of these drugs in the therapy of COVID-19. | input | 2 | 77,335 | 33 | 231,597 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,365 | 33 | 231,685 |
A Veterinary Vaccine for SARS-CoV-2: The First COVID-19 Vaccine for Animals | output | 1 | 77,365 | 33 | 231,686 |
As coronaviruses have a wide range of host species, many animals harbor these pathogens, however only a handful of them become severely infected [...]. | input | 2 | 77,365 | 33 | 231,687 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,374 | 33 | 231,712 |
COVID-19: Vaccine Delivery System, Drug Repurposing and Application of Molecular Modeling Approach | output | 1 | 77,374 | 33 | 231,713 |
The acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spread across the world, resulting in a pandemic COVID-19 which is a human zoonotic disease that is caused by a novel coronavirus (CoV) strain thought to have originated in wild or captive bats in the initial COVID outbreak region. The global COVID-19 outbreak started in Guangdong Province, China’s southernmost province. The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been hampered by the sheer number of infected people, many of whom need intensive care before succumbing to the disease. The epidemic is being handled by a combination of disease control by public health interventions and compassionate treatment for those who have been impacted. There is no clear anti-COVID-19 medication available at this time. However, the need to find medications that can turn the tide has led to the development of a number of investigational drugs as potential candidates for improving outcomes, especially in the severely and critically ill. Although many of these adjunctive medications are still being studied in clinical trials, professional organizations have attempted to define the circumstances in which their use is deemed off-label or compassionate. It is important to remind readers that new information about COVID-19’s clinical features, treatment options, and outcomes is released on a regular basis. The mainstay of treatment remains optimized supportive care, and the therapeutic effectiveness of the subsequent agents is still being studied. | input | 2 | 77,374 | 33 | 231,714 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,393 | 33 | 231,769 |
Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection | output | 1 | 77,393 | 33 | 231,770 |
COVID-19 infection poses an important clinical therapeutic problem, especially in patients with coexistent diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Potential pathogenetic links between COVID-19 and diabetes include inflammation, effects on glucose homeostasis, haemoglobin deoxygenation, altered immune status and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Moreover, drugs often used in the clinical care of diabetes (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, metformin and insulin) may influence the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection, so it is very important to verify their effectiveness and safety. This review summarises the new advances in diabetes therapy and COVID-19 and provides clinical recommendations that are essential for medical doctors and for patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. | input | 2 | 77,393 | 33 | 231,771 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,403 | 33 | 231,799 |
Systemic Medications of Dermatological Importance in COVID-19 | output | 1 | 77,403 | 33 | 231,800 |
Early December 2019 witnessed an international outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID 19) designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) Since then, a number of therapeutic molecules have been explored to have potential efficacy against the SARS-Cov-2 per se or its sequelae There are no Food and Drug Administration specific therapies approved so far;however, numerous drugs based on varying levels of evidence, in vitro studies and compassionate drug trials are being established as therapeutic agents, especially drugs approved for previous emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) and Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-Cov) Numerous active clinical trials for COVID-19 with more than 150 drugs and products are under study Needless to say, many dermatological drugs are being employed to mitigate this pandemic threat We aim to review drugs with potential against SARS-Cov-2 widely used in dermatology practice Additionally, rampant and overzealous use of these drugs as well as introduction of new molecules might lead to emergence of adverse effects associated with these agents Dermatologists must be on lookout for any cutaneous adverse effects of these drugs J Drugs Dermatol 2020;19(9):889-892 doi:10 36849/JDD 2020 5323 | input | 2 | 77,403 | 33 | 231,801 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,468 | 33 | 231,994 |
Immunopathological Roles of Neutrophils in Virus Infection and COVID-19 | output | 1 | 77,468 | 33 | 231,995 |
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been spread around the world and is currently affecting global public health. Clinical evidence indicates that the elevated number of peripheral neutrophils and higher ratio of neutrophils-to-lymphocytes are correlated with severe outcomes in COVID-19 patients, suggesting the possible immunopathological role of neutrophils during SARS-CoV-2 infection. As an abundant innate immune cell type, neutrophils are well known for their contributions to antimicrobial defense. However, their dysfunction is also associated with different inflammatory signatures during the pathogenesis of infection. Herein, in this mini-review, we summarize the recent progress on the potential role of neutrophils during COVID-19-associated inflammatory responses. In particular, we highlight the interactions between neutrophils and viruses as well as the relationship of neutrophils with cytokine storm and thrombosis in COVID-19 patients. Lastly, we discuss the importance of neutrophils as potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19. | input | 2 | 77,468 | 33 | 231,996 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,544 | 33 | 232,222 |
Contribution of Nanotechnology in the Fight Against COVID-19 | output | 1 | 77,544 | 33 | 232,223 |
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a respiratory infectious disease caused by a newly discovered virus strain, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) This pandemic spread quickly across nations with a high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients This contagious disease posed a serious threat to health systems It impacted the continents of the earth in a way that could not have been predicted Therefore, many leading funding agencies announced the call for proposal to diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 pandemic using advanced technology-based methods, including nanotechnology The researchers coming from the nanotechnology community can contribute their efforts to cope with COVID-19 As a community member of nanotechnology, we suggest some new research targets that can be designed and improved, optimized, and developed the existing/new materials in the sub-field of diagnostics and healthcare of nanotechnology The potential research targets to fight against COVID-19 includes Point-of-care diagnostics (POCD), surveillance and monitoring, novel therapeutics, vaccine development, research, and development, repurposing existing drugs with potential therapeutic applications, development of antiviral nanocoating/antimicrobial spray-based coating for PPE, magnetic nanoparticles and viral RNA and rapid detection kits | input | 2 | 77,544 | 33 | 232,224 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,684 | 33 | 232,642 |
Antiviral Potential of Nanoparticles-Can Nanoparticles Fight Against Coronaviruses? | output | 1 | 77,684 | 33 | 232,643 |
Infectious diseases account for more than 20% of global mortality and viruses are responsible for about one-third of these deaths. Highly infectious viral diseases such as severe acute respiratory (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are emerging more frequently and their worldwide spread poses a serious threat to human health and the global economy. The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of 27 July 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 16 million people and led to the death of more than 652,434 individuals as on 27 July 2020 while also causing significant economic losses. To date, there are no vaccines or specific antiviral drugs to prevent or treat COVID-19. Hence, it is necessary to accelerate the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines to help mitigate this pandemic. Non-Conventional antiviral agents must also be considered and exploited. In this regard, nanoparticles can be used as antiviral agents for the treatment of various viral infections. The use of nanoparticles provides an interesting opportunity for the development of novel antiviral therapies with a low probability of developing drug resistance compared to conventional chemical-based antiviral therapies. In this review, we first discuss viral mechanisms of entry into host cells and then we detail the major and important types of nanomaterials that could be used as antiviral agents. These nanomaterials include silver, gold, quantum dots, organic nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers and polymers. Further, we consider antiviral mechanisms, the effects of nanoparticles on coronaviruses and therapeutic approaches of nanoparticles. Finally, we provide our perspective on the future of nanoparticles in the fight against viral infections. | input | 2 | 77,684 | 33 | 232,644 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,820 | 33 | 233,050 |
Vitamin D, zinc and glutamine: Synergistic action with OncoTherad immunomodulator in interferon signaling and COVID19 (Review) | output | 1 | 77,820 | 33 | 233,051 |
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2), was identified in December, 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, it has continued to spread rapidly in numerous countries, while the search for effective therapeutic options persists. Coronaviruses, including SARSCoV2, are known to suppress and evade the antiviral responses of the host organism mediated by interferon (IFN), a family of cytokines that plays an important role in antiviral defenses associated with innate immunity, and has been used therapeutically for chronic viral diseases and cancer. On the other hand, OncoTherad, a safe and effective immunotherapeutic agent in the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), increases IFN signaling and has been shown to be a promising therapeutic approach for COVID19 in a case report that described the rapid recovery of a 78yearold patient with NMIBC with comorbidities. The present review discusses the possible synergistic action of OncoTherad with vitamin D, zinc and glutamine, nutrients that have been shown to facilitate immune responses mediated by IFN signaling, as well as the potential of this combination as a therapeutic option for COVID19. | input | 2 | 77,820 | 33 | 233,052 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,825 | 33 | 233,065 |
A review on Remdesivir: A broad-spectrum antiviral molecule for possible COVID-19 treatment. | output | 1 | 77,825 | 33 | 233,066 |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus strain and the causative agent of COVID-19 was identified to have emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 [1]. This pandemic situation and magnitude of suffering has led to global effort to find out effective measures for discovery of new specific drugs and vaccines to combat this deadly disease. In addition to many initiatives to develop vaccines for protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2, some of which are at various stages of clinical trials researchers worldwide are currently using available conventional therapeutic drugs with potential to combat the disease effectively in other viral infections and it is believed that these antiviral drugs could act as a promising immediate alternative. Remdesivir (RDV), a broad-spectrum anti-viral agent, initially developed for the treatment of Ebola virus (EBOV) and known to show promising efficiency in in vitro and in vivo studies against SARS and MERS coronaviruses, is now being investigated against SARS-CoV-2. On May 1, 2020, The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for RDV to treat COVID-19 patients [2]. A number of multicentre clinical trials are on-going to check the safety and efficacy of RDV for the treatment of COVID-19. Results of published double blind, and placebo-controlled trial on RDV against SARS-CoV-2, showed that RDV administration led to faster clinical improvement in severe COVID-19 patients compared to placebo. This review highlights the available knowledge about RDV as a therapeutic drug for coronaviruses and its preclinical and clinical trials against COVID-19. | input | 2 | 77,825 | 33 | 233,067 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,053 | 33 | 233,749 |
Delivery Routes for COVID-19 Vaccines | output | 1 | 78,053 | 33 | 233,750 |
The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, has resulted in a pandemic with millions of deaths. To eradicate SARS-CoV-2 and prevent further infections, many vaccine candidates have been developed. These vaccines include not only traditional subunit vaccines and attenuated or inactivated viral vaccines but also nucleic acid and viral vector vaccines. In contrast to the diversity in the platform technology, the delivery of vaccines is limited to intramuscular vaccination. Although intramuscular vaccination is safe and effective, mucosal vaccination could improve the local immune responses that block the spread of pathogens. However, a lack of understanding of mucosal immunity combined with the urgent need for a COVID-19 vaccine has resulted in only intramuscular vaccinations. In this review, we summarize the history of vaccines, current progress in COVID-19 vaccine technology, and the status of intranasal COVID-19 vaccines. Future research should determine the most effective route for vaccine delivery based on the platform and determine the mechanisms that underlie the efficacy of different delivery routes. | input | 2 | 78,053 | 33 | 233,751 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,105 | 33 | 233,905 |
Drug delivery systems as Immunomodulators for therapy of infectious disease: relevance to COVID-19 | output | 1 | 78,105 | 33 | 233,906 |
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, and the ensuing global pandemic, has resulted in an unprecedented response to identify therapies that can limit uncontrolled inflammation observed in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. The immune pathology behind COVID-19 is complex and involves the activation and interaction of multiple systems including, but not limited to, complement, inflammasomes, endothelial as well as innate and adaptive immune cells to bring about a convoluted profile of inflammation, coagulation and tissue damage. To date, therapeutic approaches have focussed on inhibition of coagulation, untargeted immune suppression and/or cytokine-directed blocking agents. Regardless of recently achieved improvements in individual patient outcomes and survival rates, improved and focussed approaches targeting individual systems involved is needed to further improve prognosis and wellbeing. This review summarizes the current understanding of molecular and cellular systems involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, and their contribution to pathogen clearance and damage to then discuss possible therapeutic options involving immunomodulatory drug delivery systems as well as summarising the complex interplay between them. | input | 2 | 78,105 | 33 | 233,907 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,131 | 33 | 233,983 |
Management of sars-cov-2 (Covid-19) infection with special focus on use of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir | output | 1 | 78,131 | 33 | 233,984 |
Editor’s comment-A The covid-19 pandemic is the greatest challenge for the current generation of physicians, scientists and health administrators B Strict use of PPE, face masks, isolation and quarantine are the most effective methods of prevention of this infection C The immunomodulator hydroxychloroquine is approved for prophylactic use in asymptomatic health care workers and household contacts It is also approved as compassionate use for treatment of active covid-19 cases in the USA D Lopinavir/ritonavir and remdesivir are used in some countries, but efficacy is doubtful E Treatment with convalescent plasma may be considered in emergency situations | input | 2 | 78,131 | 33 | 233,985 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,190 | 33 | 234,160 |
[Umifenovir and coronavirus infections: a review of research results and clinical practice] | output | 1 | 78,190 | 33 | 234,161 |
Coronaviruses are known to cause acute respiratory infections. Antiviral therapy, including for COVID-19, is based on clinical practice, experimental data and trial results. The purpose of this review is to: provide and systematize actual preclinical data, clinical trials results and clinical practice for antiviral agent umifenovir (Arbidol). Databases Scopus, Web of Science, RSCI and medRxiv were used for publication searching from 2004. A meta-analysis of clinical trials results was performed. Umifenovir is antiviral agent, it belongs to fusion inhibitors, interacts with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Umifenovir the impede the trimerization of spike glycoprotein and inhibit host cell adhesion, at the level of the coronaviruses S-protein of interaction with ACE2 receptor. Preclinical studies in vitro and on animals show umifenovir activity against a number of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and others. Umifenovir, in combination with other antiviral drugs, symptomatic or traditional medicine, was used in China to treat patients with COVID-19, resulting in reduced mortality, virus elimination, the frequency of more severe course and complications in middle severity. However, antiviral therapy for the treatment of severe patients, with ARDS, did not lead to improved outcomes. In comparative clinical studies, umifenovir showed similar effectiveness with other antiviral drugs, and lower frequency of adverse reactions. Therapy with umifenovir, led to an increase percentage of patients with negative results of PCR tests on days 714 (I2=69.8%, RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.190.76; p=0.001). The efficacy and safety of antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 still requires clinical investigation. Moderate forms of COVID-19 could be effectively treated by antivirals, but severe forms of COVID-19, characterized by pulmonary immunopathology, require different approaches to treatment. | input | 2 | 78,190 | 33 | 234,162 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,265 | 33 | 234,385 |
Homeopathic Treatment for COVID-19-Related Symptoms: A Case Series | output | 1 | 78,265 | 33 | 234,386 |
BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome due to coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) is a novel infectious disease, which has quickly developed into a pandemic. The spectrum of COVID-19 symptoms is broad, ranging from a mild, self-limiting respiratory tract illness to severe progressive pneumonia, multi-organ failure and possible death. Despite much effort and multiple clinical trials, there are, to date, no specific therapeutic agents to treat or cure the coronavirus infection. CASE REPORTS: The present paper presents 5 cases of patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 infections, 2 of them hospitalized in the intensive care unit, who were successfully treated with homeopathy. RESULTS: All 5 patients responded to homeopathic treatment in an unexpectedly short time span, improving both physically and mentally. CONCLUSION: The present case series emphasizes the rapidity of response among moderate to severely ill patients to homeopathic treatment, when conventional medical options have been unable to relieve or shorten the disease. The observations described should encourage use of homeopathy in treating patients with COVID-19 during the acute phase of the disease. | input | 2 | 78,265 | 33 | 234,387 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,288 | 33 | 234,454 |
Open Questions for Harnessing Autophagy-Modulating Drugs in the SARS-CoV-2 War | output | 1 | 78,288 | 33 | 234,455 |
At a time when the world faces an emotional breakdown, crushing our dreams if not taking our lives, we realize that together we must fight the war against the COVID-19 outbreak even if almost the majority of the scientific community finds itself confined to home. Every day, like everyone else, we, scientists, listen to the latest news with its promises and announcements. Across the world, a surge of clinical trials trying to cure or slow down the coronavirus pandemic has been launched to bring hope instead of fear and despair. One of the most recent has drawn worldwide hype to the possible benefit of chloroquine (CQ), a well-known and broadly used anti-malarial drug, in the treatment of patients infected by the recently emerged deadly coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). We should consider this information in the light of the long-standing anti-inflammatory and anti-viral properties of CQ-related drugs. Yet, none of these articles evoked a possible molecular or cellular mechanism of action that could account for any efficacy. Here, given the interaction of viruses with macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy), a CQ-sensitive anti-viral safeguard pathway, we would like to discuss some pros and cons concerning the current therapeutic options targeting this process. | input | 2 | 78,288 | 33 | 234,456 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,298 | 33 | 234,484 |
COVID-19 occurring during Natalizumab treatment: a case report in a patient with extended interval dosing approach | output | 1 | 78,298 | 33 | 234,485 |
BACKGROUND: The novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which was identified after a recent outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has generated a global pandemic impacting over 200 countries around the world. Recent reports suggest that ACE2, which is the target protein to invade the host, has a ubiquitous presence in human organs, including lung parenchyma, gastrointestinal tract, nasal mucosa, renal and urinary tract, airway epithelia, lymphoid tissues, reproductive organs, vascular endothelium and neurons. In this scenario, neurologists are particularly involved into considering even more specific therapeutic strategies according to the available data during the pandemic. In particular, MS patients are usually receiving disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) with immunosuppressant or immunomodulatory effects, which increase the risk of infections and morbidity, compared with the general population. Development of PML or other serious opportunistic infections during treatment with natalizumab forces to consider whether de-risking strategies are needed in this particular context and how to manage a high-efficacy treatment. METHODS: In this paper we report on a patient treated with natalizumab for relapsing MS who developed COVID-19 and recovered in a few days without complications. RESULTS: After recovery natalizumab has been administered in the window of the extended interval dosing (EID), without reporting any worsening or new symptoms. DISCUSSION: This case supports the opportunity to avoid discontinuing or delaying the retreatment over 8 weeks in patients recovered from a recent COVID-19. | input | 2 | 78,298 | 33 | 234,486 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,377 | 33 | 234,721 |
Interleukin‐6 Receptor Antagonist Therapy to Treat SARS‐CoV‐2 Driven Inflammatory Syndrome in a Renal Transplant Recipient | output | 1 | 78,377 | 33 | 234,722 |
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a pandemic that is evolving rapidly at present with unprecedented global health and societal implications. Herein, we report a case of successful treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 induced inflammatory syndrome by utilization of the interleukin‐6 receptor antagonist (IL‐6Ra) tocilizumab. | input | 2 | 78,377 | 33 | 234,723 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,453 | 33 | 234,949 |
Arginine depletion as a therapeutic approach for patients with COVID-19 | output | 1 | 78,453 | 33 | 234,950 |
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a source of significant morbidity and death worldwide, and effective treatments are urgently needed. Clinical trials have focused largely on direct antiviral therapies or on immunomodulation in patients with severe manifestations of COVID-19. One therapeutic approach that remains to be clinically investigated is disruption of the host-virus relationship through amino acid restriction, a strategy used successfully in the setting of cancer treatment. Arginine is an amino acid that has been shown in nonclinical studies to be essential in the life cycle of many viruses. Therefore, arginine depletion may be an effective therapeutic approach against SARS-CoV-2. Several arginine-metabolizing enzymes in clinical development may be a viable approach to induce a low arginine environment to treat COVID-19 and other viral diseases. Herein, we explore the rationale for arginine depletion as a therapeutic approach for COVID-19. | input | 2 | 78,453 | 33 | 234,951 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,584 | 33 | 235,342 |
Therapeutic Options for Treatment of COVID-19: A Review from Repur-posed Drugs to New Drug Targets. | output | 1 | 78,584 | 33 | 235,343 |
A new virus pandemic, COVID-19, has instigated substantial damage to human wellness in terms of death and ailment, economic compromises along with restriction of daily routine life. There is a profound increase in the number of victims and causalities day by day. Thus far, there is no available treatment and vaccination for COVID-19. Under the rapid pace of clinical research work, scientists have reported different drugs having in vitro efficacy against COVID-19. But the evidences for their in vivo use have not been established yet in terms of clinical effect, duration of stay in intensive care units as well as the refuge of these drugs and their combinations. Anti-retroviral, Remdesivir, as well as different repurposed drugs like chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have shown promising effects in vitro. Numerous clinical tests are underway in order to explore the benefits of these drugs. This review covers the disease pathogenesis and various potential targets with reference to the virulence of COVID-19. | input | 2 | 78,584 | 33 | 235,344 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,596 | 33 | 235,378 |
Ivermectin the Promising Drug to Stave off the COVID-19 Crisis: A Review | output | 1 | 78,596 | 33 | 235,379 |
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, forcing us to face unprecedented moments in the world The huge devastating impact of the world due to the covid-19 attack causes the brink of no return However, there is no proven and specific treatment for Covid -19 Very few medications have received Emergency Use of Authorization A recent in vitro study was the first time to find out and to assess the antiviral effect of Ivermectin on COVID-19 The study showed that Ivermectin was active against COVID- 19-infected cells, was able to kill effectively almost all viral particles within 48 h In these moments of crisis, FDA-approved ivermectin is a ray of hope | input | 2 | 78,596 | 33 | 235,380 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,701 | 33 | 235,693 |
Metabolic Reprogramming in COVID-19 | output | 1 | 78,701 | 33 | 235,694 |
Plenty of research has revealed virus induced alternations in metabolic pathways, which is known as metabolic reprogramming. Studies focusing on COVID-19 have uncovered significant changes in metabolism, resulting in the perspective that COVID-19 is a metabolic disease. Reprogramming of amino acid, glucose, cholesterol and fatty acid is distinctive characteristic of COVID-19 infection. These metabolic changes in COVID-19 have a critical role not only in producing energy and virus constituent elements, but also in regulating immune response, offering new insights into COVID-19 pathophysiology. Remarkably, metabolic reprogramming provides great opportunities for developing novel biomarkers and therapeutic agents for COVID-19 infection. Such novel agents are expected to be effective adjuvant therapies. In this review, we integrate present studies about major metabolic reprogramming in COVID-19, as well as the possibility of targeting reprogrammed metabolism to combat virus infection. | input | 2 | 78,701 | 33 | 235,695 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,719 | 33 | 235,747 |
Role of Polypeptide Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of COVID-19 | output | 1 | 78,719 | 33 | 235,748 |
The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic that took over the world in December 2019 has had everlasting devastating impacts on the lives of people globally. It manifests a huge symptom spectrum ranging from asymptomatic to critically ill patients with an unpredictable outcome. Timely diagnosis and assessment of disease severity is imperative for effective treatment. Possibilities exist that by the time symptoms appear the viral load might increase beyond control. However, it is advisable to get adequately diagnosed as soon as the first symptom appears. There is an immediate requirement of reliable biomarkers of COVID-19 manifesting an early onset for effective clinical management, stratification of high risk patients and ensuring ideal resource allocation. In this review, we attempt to explore and describe important polypeptide inflammatory biomarkers, namely C-reactive protein, Procalcitonin, Ferritin, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Serum amyloid A, Interleukin-6, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and LIGHT used in the detection and management of COVID-19. Viral pathogenesis and the role of these inflammatory biomarkers is highlighted, based on the evidences available till date. An integrative data monitoring along with their correlation with the natural disease progression is of utmost importance in the management of COVID-19. So further research and in-depth analysis of these biomarkers is warranted in the present scenario. | input | 2 | 78,719 | 33 | 235,749 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,750 | 33 | 235,840 |
COVID-19: Review of a 21st Century Pandemic from Etiology to Neuro-psychiatric Implications | output | 1 | 78,750 | 33 | 235,841 |
COVID-19 is a severe infectious disease that has claimed >150,000 lives and infected millions in the United States thus far, especially the elderly population. Emerging evidence has shown the virus to cause hemorrhagic and immunologic responses, which impact all organs, including lungs, kidneys, and the brain, as well as extremities. SARS-CoV-2 also affects patients’, families’, and society’s mental health at large. There is growing evidence of re-infection in some patients. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of SARS-CoV-2-induced disease, its mechanism of infection, diagnostics, therapeutics, and treatment strategies, while also focusing on less attended aspects by previous studies, including nutritional support, psychological, and rehabilitation of the pandemic and its management. We performed a systematic review of >1,000 articles and included 425 references from online databases, including, PubMed, Google Scholar, and California Baptist University’s library. COVID-19 patients go through acute respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine storm, acute hypercoagulable state, and autonomic dysfunction, which must be managed by a multidisciplinary team including nursing, nutrition, and rehabilitation. The elderly population and those who are suffering from Alzheimer’s disease and dementia related illnesses seem to be at the higher risk. There are 28 vaccines under development, and new treatment strategies/protocols are being investigated. The future management for COVID-19 should include B-cell and T-cell immunotherapy in combination with emerging prophylaxis. The mental health and illness aspect of COVID-19 are among the most important side effects of this pandemic which requires a national plan for prevention, diagnosis and treatment. | input | 2 | 78,750 | 33 | 235,842 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,783 | 33 | 235,939 |
Therapeutic strategies in an outbreak scenario to treat the novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China | output | 1 | 78,783 | 33 | 235,940 |
A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating in Wuhan, China presents a potential respiratory viral pandemic to the world population. Current efforts are focused on containment and quarantine of infected individuals. Ultimately, the outbreak could be controlled with a protective vaccine to prevent 2019-nCoV infection. While vaccine research should be pursued intensely, there exists today no therapy to treat 2019-nCoV upon infection, despite an urgent need to find options to help these patients and preclude potential death. Herein, I review the potential options to treat 2019-nCoV in patients, with an emphasis on the necessity for speed and timeliness in developing new and effective therapies in this outbreak. I consider the options of drug repurposing, developing neutralizing monoclonal antibody therapy, and an oligonucleotide strategy targeting the viral RNA genome, emphasizing the promise and pitfalls of these approaches. Finally, I advocate for the fastest strategy to develop a treatment now, which could be resistant to any mutations the virus may have in the future. The proposal is a biologic that blocks 2019-nCoV entry using a soluble version of the viral receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), fused to an immunoglobulin Fc domain (ACE2-Fc), providing a neutralizing antibody with maximal breath to avoid any viral escape, while also helping to recruit the immune system to build lasting immunity. The ACE2-Fc therapy would also supplement decreased ACE2 levels in the lungs during infection, thereby directly treating acute respiratory distress pathophysiology as a third mechanism of action. The sequence of the ACE2-Fc protein is provided to investigators, allowing its possible use in recombinant protein expression systems to start producing drug today to treat patients under compassionate use, while formal clinical trials are later undertaken. Such a treatment could help infected patients before a protective vaccine is developed and widely available in the coming months to year(s). | input | 2 | 78,783 | 33 | 235,941 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,823 | 33 | 236,059 |
Therapeutic Potential of Metformin in COVID-19: Reasoning for Its Protective Role | output | 1 | 78,823 | 33 | 236,060 |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections present with increased disease severity and poor clinical outcomes in diabetic patients compared with their nondiabetic counterparts. Diabetes/hyperglycemia-triggered endothelial dysfunction and hyperactive inflammatory and immune responses are correlated to twofold to threefold higher intensive care hospitalizations and more than twice the mortality among diabetic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. While comorbidities such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension worsen the prognosis of diabetic COVID-19 patients, COVID-19 infections are also associated with new-onset diabetes, severe metabolic complications, and increased thrombotic events in the backdrop of aberrant endothelial function. While several antidiabetic medications are used to manage blood glucose levels, we discuss the multifaceted ability of metformin to control blood glucose levels and possibly attenuate endothelial dysfunction, inhibit viral entry and infection, and modify inflammatory and immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 infections. These actions make metformin a viable candidate drug to be considered for repurposing and gaining ground against the SARS-CoV-2-induced tsunami in diabetic COVID-19 patients. | input | 2 | 78,823 | 33 | 236,061 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,000 | 33 | 236,590 |
Lithium and coronaviral infections. A scoping review. | output | 1 | 79,000 | 33 | 236,591 |
The current rapid spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) calls for a rapid response from the research community. Lithium is widely used to treat bipolar disorder, but has been shown to exhibit antiviral activity. This brief review took a systematic approach to identify six in vitro studies reporting on the influence of lithium on coronaviral infections. We propose mechanistic investigation of the influence of lithium - alone and with chloroquine - on the SARS-CoV-2 infection. | input | 2 | 79,000 | 33 | 236,592 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,148 | 33 | 237,034 |
Management of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Key Focus in Macrolides Efficacy for COVID-19 | output | 1 | 79,148 | 33 | 237,035 |
Macrolides (e g , erythromycin, fidaxomicin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin) are a class of bacteriostatic antibiotics commonly employed in medicine against various gram-positive and atypical bacterial species mostly related to respiratory tract infections, besides they possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) It was first detected in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019 and resulted in a continuing pandemic Macrolides have been extensively researched as broad adjunctive therapy for COVID-19 due to its immunostimulant abilities Among such class of drugs, azithromycin is described as azalide and is well-known for its ability to decrease the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including matrix metalloproteinases, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 In fact, a report recently published highlighted the effectiveness of combining azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 treatment Indeed, it has been underlined that azithromycin quickly prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection by raising the levels of both interferons and interferon-stimulated proteins at the same time which reduces the virus replication and release In this sense, the current review aims to evaluate the applications of macrolides for the treatment of COVID-19 | input | 2 | 79,148 | 33 | 237,036 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,407 | 33 | 237,811 |
Gene therapies and COVID-19 vaccines: a necessary discussion in relation with viral vector-based approaches | output | 1 | 79,407 | 33 | 237,812 |
The COVID-19 pandemic is adding an unanticipated concern for those affected by genetic diseases. Most of the new treatment achievements for these patients are made possible as a result of advances in viral-based products. Among them, adenoviruses (AdV) and especially adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are important players. The concerns and the conversation around this issue have increased as COVID-19 vaccines approach the market. What if the viral vectors become the mainstream strategy for vaccine development? Will the immune response elicited against the vector compromise the efficacy of future gene therapies? Patients with genetic diseases and patient advocacy groups are requesting information to the medical community about the potential impact of these vaccines in future gene therapy treatments, and physicians and scientists are not able to provide satisfactory answer yet. Importantly, the frequency of cross-reactivity among different AAV serotypes can be as high as 50%. This would have potential implications for patients with genetic disorders who could benefit from gene therapies, often coming in the form of AAV-based gene therapies. As in many other aspects, this pandemic is challenging our capacity to coordinate, plan ahead and align different medical objectives. In this case, having such conversation early on might allow us to make the right choices while we are still on time. | input | 2 | 79,407 | 33 | 237,813 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,451 | 33 | 237,943 |
Development of human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for prevention and therapy of MERS-CoV infections | output | 1 | 79,451 | 33 | 237,944 |
The recent Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak poses a serious threat to public health. Here, we summarize recent advances in identifying human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against MERS-CoV, describe their mechanisms of action, and analyze their potential for treatment of MERS-CoV infections. | input | 2 | 79,451 | 33 | 237,945 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,470 | 33 | 238,000 |
Evolutionary artificial intelligence based peptide discoveries for effective Covid-19 therapeutics | output | 1 | 79,470 | 33 | 238,001 |
An epidemic caused by COVID-19 in China turned into pandemic within a short duration affecting countries worldwide. Researchers and companies around the world are working on all the possible strategies to develop a curative or preventive strategy for the same, which includes vaccine development, drug repurposing, plasma therapy, and drug discovery based on Artificial intelligence. Therapeutic approaches based on Computational biology and Machine-learning algorithms are specially considered, with a view that these could provide a fast and accurate outcome in the present scenario. As an effort towards developing possible therapeutics for COVID-19, we have used machine-learning algorithms for the generation of alignment kernels from diverse viral sequences of Covid-19 reported from India, China, Italy and USA. Using these diverse sequences we have identified the conserved motifs and subsequently a peptide library was designed against them. Of these, 4 peptides have shown strong binding affinity against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) and also maintained their stability and specificity under physiological conditions as observed through MD Simulations. Our data suggest that these evolutionary peptides against COVID-19 if found effective may provide cross-protection against diverse Covid-19 variants. | input | 2 | 79,470 | 33 | 238,002 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,541 | 33 | 238,213 |
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