text stringlengths 187 4.72k | conversation_id int64 53.1k 898k | embedding list | cluster int64 37 37 |
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Answer this question truthfully
Bioabsorbable stents can be broadly classified into two types: polymeric and metallic types. The key features to be considered while selecting a polymer or an alloy for a bioabsorbable stent are:
Strength in order to avoid potential immediate recoil Rate of degradation and corrosion Biocompatibility with the vessel wall Lack of toxicity
Polymers have been widely used in cardiovascular devices and are now primarily used as delivery vehicles for drug coatings. Polymers used for bioabsorbable stents are Poly-L-Lactic acid(PLLA), polyglycolic acid(PGA),Poly(D,L-lactide/glycolide) copolymer(PDLA) and polycaprolactone. The use of bioabsorbable polymer coating reduces the need for extended dual anti-platelet therapy and in turn late thrombotic events. Among the polymers, Poly-L-Lactic acid is widely used in medicine. It breaks down to lactic acid a natural metabolite in human body, which enters krebs Cycle and is metabolized to carbon dioxide and water.
So far two bioabsorbable metals alloys have been proposed for this application: magnesium and iron. The factors that determine the biocompatibility of these alloys are their solubility and degradation products. Magnesium stents are made of 93% magnesium and 7% rare-earth-metals. Reasons for selecting magnesium include:
It is an essential element in the body. The alloy induces rapid endothelialization. It has low thrombogenicity. It has a lower degradation time of 2-3 months. It has calcium antagonist and antiarrhythmic properties. Is not associated with any adverse reactions.
The following is the list of some of the bioabsorbable stents that are currently under trials.
What do bioabsorbable stents refer to?
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Question: is this a 2) strong advice, 1) weak advice 0) no advice?
This is no advice
Solid cathode, liquid electrolyte systems such as the lithium/carbon monofluoride and lithium/manganese dioxide pacemakers have greater gravimetric energy density (watt h/mm3) and are therefore likely to be future cardiac pacemaker power sources10.
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Synthesis and characterization of a nano-formulation for long lasting sterilization effect
The current COVID-19 pandemic has increased the use of alcohol based hand sanitisers globally. These available alcohol based sanitisers cannot provide an antibacterial effect for an extended period of time, after the evaporation of ethanol. Hence, the need for a sanitiser with an anti-microbial activity combined with a long lasting effect is the need of the hour. In this study, we report the synthesis of a long lasting sanitiser from ozonated omega 9 fatty acid esters in an ethanolic medium. The formed vesicles made of the fatty acids have been characterized by DLS, Zeta potential, and time resolved fluorescence anisotropy studies. Ethanol although, provides an antibacterial effect, the effect is more pronounced in our prepared formulation owing to its high peroxide value that generates additional oxidative stress. Finally, this additional antimicrobial effect will have relevance in the current COVID-19 scenario in providing a long lasting hand sanitiser.
| 77,196 | [
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Thermostability, Tunability, and Tenacity of RNA as Rubbery Anionic Polymeric Materials in Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine-Specific Cancer Targeting with Undetectable Toxicity
RNA nanotechnology is the bottom-up self-assembly of nanometer-scale architectures, resembling LEGOs, composed mainly of RNA. The ideal building material should be (1) versatile and controllable in shape and stoichiometry, (2) spontaneously self-assemble, and (3) thermodynamically, chemically, and enzymatically stable with a long shelf life. RNA building blocks exhibit each of the above. RNA is a polynucleic acid, making it a polymer, and its negative-charge prevents nonspecific binding to negatively charged cell membranes. The thermostability makes it suitable for logic gates, resistive memory, sensor set-ups, and NEM devices. RNA can be designed and manipulated with a level of simplicity of DNA while displaying versatile structure and enzyme activity of proteins. RNA can fold into single-stranded loops or bulges to serve as mounting dovetails for intermolecular or domain interactions without external linking dowels. RNA nanoparticles display rubber- and amoeba-like properties and are stretchable and shrinkable through multiple repeats, leading to enhanced tumor targeting and fast renal excretion to reduce toxicities. It was predicted in 2014 that RNA would be the third milestone in pharmaceutical drug development. The recent approval of several RNA drugs and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines by FDA suggests that this milestone is being realized. Here, we review the unique properties of RNA nanotechnology, summarize its recent advancements, describe its distinct attributes inside or outside the body and discuss potential applications in nanotechnology, medicine, and material science.
| 77,236 | [
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Clinically oriented Alzheimer's biosensors: expanding the horizons towards point-of-care diagnostics and beyond
The development of minimally invasive and easy-to-use sensor devices is of current interest for ultrasensitive detection and signal recognition of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. Over the years, tremendous effort has been made on diagnostic platforms specifically targeting neurological markers for AD in order to replace the conventional, laborious, and invasive sampling-based approaches. However, the sophistication of analytical outcomes, marker inaccessibility, and material validity strongly limit the current strategies towards effectively predicting AD. Recently, with the promising progress in biosensor technology, the realization of a clinically applicable sensing platform has become a potential option to enable early diagnosis of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, various types of biosensors, which include electrochemical, fluorescent, plasmonic, photoelectrochemical, and field-effect transistor (FET)-based sensor configurations, with better clinical applicability and analytical performance towards AD are highlighted. Moreover, the feasibility of these sensors to achieve point-of-care (POC) diagnosis is also discussed. Furthermore, by grafting nanoscale materials into biosensor architecture, the remarkable enhancement in durability, functionality, and analytical outcome of sensor devices is presented. Finally, future perspectives on further translational and commercialization pathways of clinically driven biosensor devices for AD are discussed and summarized.
| 77,304 | [
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Photocatalytic Degradation of Plastic Waste: A Mini Review
Plastic waste becomes an immediate threat to our society with ever-increasing negative impacts on our environment and health by entering our food chain. Sunlight is known to be the natural energy source that degrades plastic waste at a very slow rate. Mimicking the role of sunlight, the photocatalytic degradation process could significantly accelerate the degradation rate thanks to the photocatalyst that drastically facilitates the photochemical reactions involved in the degradation process. This mini review begins with an introduction to the chemical compositions of the common plastic waste. The mechanisms of photodegradation of polymers in general were then revisited. Afterwards, a few photocatalysts were introduced with an emphasis on titanium dioxide (TiO(2)), which is the most frequently used photocatalyst. The roles of TiO(2) photocatalyst in the photodegradation process were then elaborated, followed by the recent advances of photocatalytic degradation of various plastic waste. Lastly, our perspectives on the future research directions of photocatalytic plastic degradation are present. Herein, the importance of catalytic photodegradation is emphasized to inspire research on developing new photocatalysts and new processes for decomposition of plastic waste, and then to increase its recycling rate particularly in the current pandemic with the ever-increasing generation of plastic waste.
| 77,333 | [
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Toward Development of a Label-Free Detection Technique for Microfluidic Fluorometric Peptide-Based Biosensor Systems
The problems of chronic or noncommunicable diseases (NCD) that now kill around 40 million people each year require multiparametric combinatorial diagnostics for the selection of effective treatment tactics. This could be implemented using the biosensor principle based on peptide aptamers for spatial recognition of corresponding protein markers of diseases in biological fluids. In this paper, a low-cost label-free principle of biomarker detection using a biosensor system based on fluorometric registration of the target proteins bound to peptide aptamers was investigated. The main detection principle considered includes the re-emission of the natural fluorescence of selectively bound protein markers into a longer-wavelength radiation easily detectable by common charge-coupled devices (CCD) using a specific luminophore. Implementation of this type of detection system demands the reduction of all types of stray light and background fluorescence of construction materials and aptamers. The latter was achieved by careful selection of materials and design of peptide aptamers with substituted aromatic amino acid residues and considering troponin T, troponin I, and bovine serum albumin as an example. The peptide aptamers for troponin T were designed in silico using the «Protein 3D» (SPB ETU, St. Petersburg, Russia) software. The luminophore was selected from the line of ZnS-based solid-state compounds. The test microfluidic system was arranged as a flow through a massive of four working chambers for immobilization of peptide aptamers, coupled with the optical detection system, based on thick film technology. The planar optical setup of the biosensor registration system was arranged as an excitation-emission cascade including 280 nm ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diode (LED), polypropylene (PP) UV transparent film, proteins layer, glass filter, luminophore layer, and CCD sensor. A laboratory sample has been created.
| 77,422 | [
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Single-Use Disposable Waste Upcycling via Thermochemical Conversion Pathway
Herein, the pyrolysis of two types of single-use disposable waste (single-use food containers and corrugated fiberboard) was investigated as an approach to cleanly dispose of municipal solid waste, including plastic waste. For the pyrolysis of single-use food containers or corrugated fiberboard, an increase in temperature tended to increase the yield of pyrolytic gas (i.e., non-condensable gases) and decrease the yield of pyrolytic liquid (i.e., a mixture of condensable compounds) and solid residue. The single-use food container-derived pyrolytic product was largely composed of hydrocarbons with a wide range of carbon numbers from C(1) to C(32), while the corrugated fiberboard-derived pyrolytic product was composed of a variety of chemical groups such as phenolic compounds, polycyclic aromatic compounds, and oxygenates involving alcohols, acids, aldehydes, ketones, acetates, and esters. Changes in the pyrolysis temperature from 500 °C to 900 °C had no significant effect on the selectivity toward each chemical group found in the pyrolytic liquid derived from either the single-use food containers or corrugated fiberboard. The co-pyrolysis of the single-use food containers and corrugated fiberboard led to 6 times higher hydrogen (H(2)) selectivity than the pyrolysis of the single-use food containers only. Furthermore, the co-pyrolysis did not form phenolic compounds or polycyclic aromatic compounds that are hazardous environmental pollutants (0% selectivity), indicating that the co-pyrolysis process is an eco-friendly method to treat single-use disposable waste.
| 77,439 | [
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Simultaneous degradation of glucocorticoids and sterilization using bubbling corona discharge plasma based systems: a promising terminal water treatment facility for hospital wastewater
Glucocorticoids (GCs) have drawn great concern due to their widespread contamination in the environment and application in treating patients with COVID-19. Due to the lack of data about GC removal using advanced treatment processes, a novel paralleling and bubbling corona discharge reactor (PBCD) combined with iron-loaded activated-carbon fibre (Fe-ACF) was addressed in this study to degrade GCs represented by hydrocortisone (HC) and betamethasone (BT). The results showed that the PBCD-based system can degrade GCs effectively and can achieve effective sterilization. The removal rates of GCs were ranked as PBCD/Fe-ACF > PBCD/ACF > PBCD. The concentration of E. coli was reduced from 109 to 102 CFU/mL after 60 min of PBCD-based system treatment. The abundance of bacteria in actual hospital wastewater (HWW) was significantly reduced. Plasma changed the physical and chemical properties of ACF and Fe-ACF by etching axial grooves and enhancing stretching vibrations of surface functional groups, thus promoting adsorption and catalytic degradation. For GC degradation, the functional reactive species were identified as •OH, 1O2, and •O2 radicals. Possible degradation pathways for HC and BT were proposed, which mainly included defluorination, keto acid decarboxylation, demethylation, intramolecular cyclization, cleavage and ester hydrolysis, indicating a reduction in GC toxicity. Since GCs are widely used in patients with COVID-19 and their wastewater needs to be sterilized simultaneously, the intensive and electrically driven PBCD-based system is promising in GC pollution control and sterilization in terminal water treatment facilities.
| 77,571 | [
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Phonon-Induced Relocation of Valence Charge in Boron Nitride Observed by Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction
The impact of coherent phonon excitations on the valence charge distribution in cubic boron nitride is mapped by femtosecond x-ray powder diffraction. Zone-edge transverse acoustic (TA) two-phonon excitations generated by an impulsive Raman process induce a steplike increase of diffracted x-ray intensity. Charge density maps derived from transient diffraction patterns reveal a spatial transfer of valence charge from the interstitial region onto boron and nitrogen atoms. This transfer is modulated with a frequency of 250 GHz due to a coherent superposition of TA phonons related to the ^{10}B and ^{11}B isotopes. Nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom couple through many-body Coulomb interactions.
| 77,643 | [
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0.49609375,
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Curvature effects in charge-regulated lipid bilayers
We formulate a theory of electrostatic interactions in lipid bilayer membranes where both monolayer leaflets contain dissociable moieties that are subject to charge regulation. We specifically investigate the coupling between membrane curvature and charge regulation of a lipid bilayer vesicle using both the linear Debye-H\"uckel (DH) and the non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) theory. We find that charge regulation of an otherwise symmetric bilayer membrane can induce charge symmetry breaking, non-linear flexoelectricity and anomalous curvature dependence of free energy. The pH effects investigated go beyond the paradigm of electrostatic renormalization of the mechano-elastic properties of membranes.
| 77,647 | [
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Direct Measurement of the Nickel Spectrum in Cosmic Rays in the Energy Range from 8.8 GeV/n to 240 GeV/n with CALET on the International Space Station
The relative abundance of cosmic ray nickel nuclei with respect to iron is by far larger than for all other trans-iron elements, therefore it provides a favorable opportunity for a low background measurement of its spectrum. Since nickel, as well as iron, is one of the most stable nuclei, the nickel energy spectrum and its relative abundance with respect to iron provide important information to estimate the abundances at the cosmic ray source and to model the Galactic propagation of heavy nuclei. However, only a few direct measurements of cosmic-ray nickel at energy larger than $ \sim$ 3 GeV/n are available at present in the literature and they are affected by strong limitations in both energy reach and statistics. In this paper we present a measurement of the differential energy spectrum of nickel in the energy range from 8.8 to 240 GeV/n, carried out with unprecedented precision by the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) in operation on the International Space Station since 2015. The CALET instrument can identify individual nuclear species via a measurement of their electric charge with a dynamic range extending far beyond iron (up to atomic number $ Z $ = 40). The particle's energy is measured by a homogeneous calorimeter (1.2 proton interaction lengths, 27 radiation lengths) preceded by a thin imaging section (3 radiation lengths) providing tracking and energy sampling. This paper follows our previous measurement of the iron spectrum [O. Adriani et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 241101 (2021).], and it extends our investigation on the energy dependence of the spectral index of heavy elements. It reports the analysis of nickel data collected from November 2015 to May 2021 and a detailed assessment of the systematic uncertainties. In the region from 20 to 240 GeV$ /n $ our present data are compatible within the errors with a single power law with spectral index $ -2.51 \pm 0.07 $.
| 77,703 | [
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... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Synthetic Nanobody-Functionalized Nanoparticles for Accelerated Development of Rapid, Accessible Detection of Viral Antigens
Successful control of emerging infectious diseases requires accelerated development of fast, affordable, and accessible assays to be widely implemented at a high frequency. Here we present a generalizable assay platform, nanobody-functionalized nanoparticles for rapid, electronic detection (Nano2RED), demonstrated in the detection of Ebola and COVID-19 antigens. To efficiently generate high-quality affinity reagents, synthetic nanobody co-binders and mono-binders with high affinity, specificity, and stability were selected by phage display screening of a vastly diverse, rationally randomized combinatorial library, bacterially expressed and site-specifically conjugated to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as multivalent in-solution sensors. Without requiring fluorescent labelling, washing, or enzymatic amplification, these AuNPs reliably transduce antigen binding signals upon mixing into physical AuNP aggregation and sedimentation processes, displaying antigen-dependent optical extinction readily detectable by spectrometry or simple electronic circuitry. With nanobodies against an Ebola virus secreted glycoprotein (sGP) and a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) as targets, Nano2RED showed a high sensitivity (limit of detection of ∼10 pg/mL for sGP and ∼40 pg/mL for RBD in diluted human serum), a high specificity, and a large dynamic range (∼7 logs). Unlike conventional assays where slow mass transport for surface binding limits the assay time, Nano2RED features fast antigen diffusion at micrometer scale, and can be accelerated to deliver results within a few minutes. The rapid detection, low material cost (estimated < $0.01 per test), inexpensive and portable readout system (< $5 and < 100 cm3), and digital data output, make Nano2RED particularly suitable for screening of patient samples with simplified operation and accelerated data transmission. Our method is widely applicable for prototyping diagnostic assays for other antigens from new emerging viruses.
| 77,755 | [
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
You Don’t Learn That in School: An Updated Practical Guide to Carbon Quantum Dots
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have started to emerge as candidates for application in cell imaging, biosensing, and targeted drug delivery, amongst other research fields, due to their unique properties. Those applications are possible as the CQDs exhibit tunable fluorescence, biocompatibility, and a versatile surface. This review aims to summarize the recent development in the field of CQDs research, namely the latest synthesis progress concerning materials/methods, surface modifications, characterization methods, and purification techniques. Furthermore, this work will systematically explore the several applications CQDs have been subjected to, such as bioimaging, fluorescence sensing, and cancer/gene therapy. Finally, we will briefly discuss in the concluding section the present and future challenges, as well as future perspectives and views regarding the emerging paradigm that is the CQDs research field.
| 77,777 | [
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Enhanced catalytic ozonation of ibuprofen using a 3D structured catalyst with MnO2 nanosheets on carbon microfibers.
Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation is an effective approach to degrade refractory organic pollutants in water. However, ozonation catalysts with combined merits of high activity, good reusability and low cost for practical industrial applications are still rare. This study aims to develop an efficient, stable and economic ozonation catalyst for the degradation of Ibuprofen, a pharmaceutical compound frequently detected as a refractory pollutant in treated wastewaters. The novel three-dimensional network-structured catalyst, comprising of δ-MnO2 nanosheets grown on woven carbon microfibers (MnO2 nanosheets/carbon microfiber), was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal approach. Catalytic ozonation performance of Ibuprofen removal in water using the new catalyst proves a significant enhancement, where Ibuprofen removal efficiency of close to 90% was achieved with a catalyst loading of 1% (w/v). In contrast, conventional ozonation was only able to achieve 65% removal efficiency under the same operating condition. The enhanced performance with the new catalyst could be attributed to its significantly increased available surface active sites and improved mass transfer of reaction media, as a result of the special surface and structure properties of this new three-dimensional network-structured catalyst. Moreover, the new catalyst displays excellent stability and reusability for ibuprofen degradation over successive reaction cycles. The facile synthesis method and low-cost materials render the new catalyst high potential for industrial scaling up. With the combined advantages of high efficiency, high stability, and low cost, this study sheds new light for industrial applications of ozonation catalysts.
| 77,965 | [
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0... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Docking MOF crystals on graphene support for highly selective electrocatalytic peroxide production
Tailoring the reaction kinetics is the central theme of designer electrocatalysts, which enables the selective conversion of abundant and inert atmospheric species into useful products. Here we show a supporting effect in tuning the electrocatalytic kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) from four-electron to two-electron mechanism by docking metalloporphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) crystals on graphene support, leading to highly selective peroxide production with faradaic efficiency as high as 93.4%. A magic angle of 38.1° tilting for the co-facial alignment was uncovered by electron diffraction tomography, which is attributed to the maximization of π-π interaction for mitigating the lattice and symmetry mismatch between MOF and graphene. The facilitated electron migration and oxygen chemisorption could be ascribed to the supportive effect of graphene that disperses of the electron state of the active center, and ultimately regulates rate-determining step. [Image: see text] ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s12274-021-3382-3 and is accessible for authorized users.
| 78,024 | [
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Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Highly efficient photothermal conversion capric acid phase change microcapsule: Silicon carbide modified melamine urea formaldehyde.
The microcapsule containing phase change materials(microPCMs) with high efficiency of photothermal conversion was prepared by in-situ polymerization via ultrasonic dispersion which used capric acid(CA) as core material and nano silicon carbide(nano-SiC) modified melamine-urea-formaldehyde(MUF) resin as wall material. The nano-SiC has good cross-linking with MUF shell. When the nano-SiC was added in microPCMs, it behaves superior thermal conductivity and thermal storage properties. When the content of nano-SiC arrives 6 wt%, the performance of the microPCMs whose encapsulation efficiency is 65.7% is the best, and thermal conductivity increase by 59.2%. Due to the proper amount of nano-SiC added into the MUF shell, it can effectively fill the tiny holes on the MUF shell. Therefore, the microPCMs with appropriate nano-SiC have better leakage prevention. It is worth noting that MicroPCMs-6% and MicroPCMs-8% show excellent photothermal conversion property, and the photothermal conversion rate is 74.4% and 71.1% respectively in the photothermal conversion experiment. Because nano-SiC can effectively capture and absorb photons under light irradiation and convert light into heat through internal molecular vibration, the microPCMs with appropriate nano-SiC behaves well in photothermal conversion. In other words, microPCMs have potential in solar energy utilization and thermal energy storage.
| 78,133 | [
-0.2423095703125,
-0.07196044921875,
0.260498046875,
-0.0003216266632080078,
-0.5693359375,
0.0278167724609375,
-0.30859375,
-0.030181884765625,
0.29931640625,
0.6806640625,
0.68115234375,
-0.59326171875,
0.5078125,
-1.337890625,
-0.55029296875,
0.133544921875,
0.25634765625,
-0.29... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Confocal Laser Microscopy Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms and Spatially Organized Communities.
The behavior of Listeria monocytogenes communities in the food chain is closely associated with their spatial organization. Whether as biofilms on industrial surfaces or as microcolonies in food matrices, the resulting physiological diversification combined with the presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) triggers emergent community functions involved in the pathogen survival and persistence (e.g., tolerance to dehydration, biocides, or preservatives). In this contribution, we present a noninvasive confocal laser microscopy (CLM) protocol allowing exploration of the spatial organization of L. monocytogenes communities on various inert or nutritive materials relevant for the food industry.
| 78,323 | [
-0.380126953125,
0.007266998291015625,
-0.177490234375,
0.436767578125,
-0.2109375,
0.05780029296875,
-0.412353515625,
0.1671142578125,
0.336181640625,
1.0078125,
0.2247314453125,
-0.328857421875,
-0.10821533203125,
-0.5107421875,
-0.63623046875,
0.065673828125,
0.06341552734375,
-... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Timescales of Quantum Equilibration, Dissipation and Fluctuation in Nuclear Collisions
Understanding the dynamics of equilibration processes in quantum systems as well as their interplay with dissipation and fluctuation is a major challenge in quantum many-body theory. The timescales of such processes are investigated in collisions of atomic nuclei using fully microscopic approaches. Results from time-dependent Hartree-Fock and time-dependent random-phase approximation calculations are compared for 13 systems over a broad range of energies. The timescale for full mass equilibration (â¼2×10^{-20} s) is found to be much larger than timescales for neutron-to-proton equilibration, kinetic energy, and angular momentum dissipations which are on the order of 10^{-21} s. Fluctuations of mass numbers in the fragments and correlations between their neutron and proton numbers build up within only a few 10^{-21} s. This indicates that dissipation is basically not impacted by mass equilibration, but is mostly driven by the exchange of nucleons between the fragments.
| 78,331 | [
-0.25048828125,
0.2392578125,
0.1640625,
0.81884765625,
-0.2498779296875,
-0.41796875,
-0.5283203125,
-0.24658203125,
-0.2154541015625,
1.048828125,
0.73388671875,
-0.0382080078125,
0.319580078125,
-1.1640625,
-0.329345703125,
0.71142578125,
-0.221923828125,
-0.76513671875,
-0.52... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
A new approach to improve the electrochemical performance of ZnMn2O4 through a charge compensation mechanism using the substitution of Al3+ for Zn2
ZnMn2O4 and Zn1-x Al x Mn2O4 were synthesized by a spray drying process followed by an annealing treatment. Their structural and electrochemical characteristics were investigated by SEM, XRD, XPS, charge-discharge tests and EIS. XPS data indicate that the substitution of Al3+ for Zn2+ causes manganese to be in a mixed valence state by a charge compensation mechanism. Moreover, the presence of this charge compensation significantly improves the electrochemical performance of Zn1-x Al x Mn2O4, such as increasing the initial coulombic efficiency, stabilizing the cycleability as well as improving the rate capability. The sample with 2% Al doping shows the best performance, with a first cycle coulombic efficiency of 69.6% and a reversible capacity of 597.7 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles. Even at the high current density of 1600 mA g-1, it still retained a capacity of 558 mA h g-1.
| 78,400 | [
-0.33056640625,
-0.2313232421875,
-0.1669921875,
0.45068359375,
-0.37744140625,
0.006561279296875,
-0.30322265625,
-0.1370849609375,
0.32763671875,
0.442138671875,
0.5771484375,
-0.45556640625,
0.8876953125,
-0.90576171875,
-0.275146484375,
0.58447265625,
0.1812744140625,
-0.350830... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Vesicle Formation by the Self-Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles Covered with Fluorinated Oligo(ethylene glycol)-Terminated Ligands and Its Stability in Aqueous Solution.
Water-stable gold nanoparticle vesicles (GNVs) with hollow interiors have attracted attention due to their great potential for biological applications; however, their preparation through the self-assembly approaches has been restricted due to the limited understanding of their critical mechanistic issues. In this paper, we demonstrate that a fluorinated tetra (ethylene glycol) (FTEG)-terminated tetra (ethylene glycol) (EG4), namely, FTEG-EG4, ligand can self-assemble with gold nanoparticles (5 and 10 nm) into GNVs with a hollow structure in THF due to the solvophobic feature of the ligand. Time-dependent studies showed that the GNVs with a closely packed surface derived from the incomplete and irregular GNVs, but not through the fusion of the GNV precursors. After dialysis in water, the assemblies retained vesicular structures in water, even though GNVs aggregated together, which was initiated by the hydrophobic interactions between the FTEG heads of the surface ligands on GNVs. This study provides a new insight into the design of novel small surface ligands to produce water-stable GNVs for biological applications.
| 78,423 | [
-0.23583984375,
-0.333984375,
0.230712890625,
1.1298828125,
-0.4658203125,
-0.2137451171875,
-0.322021484375,
0.4462890625,
0.40234375,
0.347900390625,
0.6416015625,
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0.417724609375,
-0.473876953125,
-0.423828125,
0.8740234375,
0.431884765625,
-0.9716796875,
-0.2209... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Magnetophotonics for sensing and magnetometry towards industrial applications
Magnetic nanostructures sustaining different kinds of optical modes have been used for magnetometry and label-free ultrasensitive refractive index probing, where the main challenge is the realization of compact devices able to transfer this technology from research laboratories to smart industry. This Perspective discusses the state-of-the-art and emerging trends in realizing innovative sensors containing new architectures and materials exploiting the unique ability to actively manipulate their optical properties using an externally applied magnetic field. In addition to the well-established use of propagating and localized plasmonic fields, in the so-called magnetoplasmonics, we identified a new potential of the all-dielectric platforms for sensing to overcome losses inherent to metallic components. In describing recent advances, emphasis is placed on several feasible industrial applications, trying to give our vision on the future of this promising field of research merging optics, magnetism, and nanotechnology.
| 78,523 | [
-0.319091796875,
-0.361083984375,
-0.34619140625,
0.66357421875,
-0.6591796875,
-0.2264404296875,
-0.2064208984375,
-0.25,
0.2059326171875,
0.9814453125,
0.284912109375,
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0.10491943359375,
-0.64501953125,
-0.44677734375,
0.66259765625,
-0.046112060546875,
-0.4848632... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Highly Sensitive On-Skin Temperature Sensors Based on Biocompatible Hydrogels with Thermoresponsive Transparency and Resistivity.
The development of electrically responsive sensors that interact directly with human skin and at the same time produce a visual indication of the temperature is in great demand. Here, we report a highly sensitive electronic skin (E-skin) sensor that measures and visualizes skin temperature simultaneously using a biocompatible hydrogel displaying thermoresponsive transparency and resistivity resulting from a temperature dependence of the strength of the hydrogen bonding between its components. This thermoresponsive hydrogel (TRH) showed a temperature dependence of not only the proton conductivity but also of its transmittance of light through a change in polymer conformation. We were able to use our TRH temperature sensor (TRH-TS) to measure temperature in a wide range of temperatures based on a change in its intrinsic resistivity (-0.0289 °C-1 ) and to visualize the temperature due to its thermoresponsive transmittance (from 7% to 96%). The TRH-TS exhibited high reliability upon multiple cycles of heating and cooling. The on-skin TRH-TS patch is also shown to successfully produce changes in its impedance and optical transparency as a result of changes in skin temperature during cardiovascular exercise. This work has shown that our biocompatible TRH-TS is potentially suitable as wearable E-skin for various emerging flexible healthcare monitoring applications.
| 78,581 | [
-0.2098388671875,
0.451904296875,
-0.2362060546875,
0.6611328125,
-1.0537109375,
-0.1787109375,
0.07305908203125,
-0.2032470703125,
0.274658203125,
0.81494140625,
-0.18994140625,
-0.41845703125,
0.3203125,
-0.51318359375,
-0.486572265625,
0.5380859375,
-0.364501953125,
-0.887695312... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Durability Assessment and Microstructure of High-Strength Performance Bricks Produced from PET Waste and Foundry Sand
Fired clay brickwork in buildings is prone to cracks and deterioration upon exposure to long-time acidic contamination and water absorption, hence decreasing the bearing capacity of masonry walls. As its contribution toward resolving this challenge, this study assessed the durability and morphological characteristics of high-strength performance bricks produced from a mixture of PET waste (PW) and foundry sand (FS). The PET waste bricks (PWBs) were produced through different proportioning (PW: FS) of 20%, 30%, and 40% of the dry mass of FS. The PWBs produced were tested for durability and compressive and tensile strengths and compared to fired clay bricks to evaluate their load-bearing capacity under compression and tension. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests were employed to analyze the morphological structure of the bricks. The test results revealed that the PWBs recorded an appreciable strength of 1.5–2 times that of fired clay bricks, and lower water absorption whilst retaining their ultimate strengths after complete immersion in water and acidic concentrations. The morphology of PWB possessed greater intercluster bonds on the surface compared to clay bricks. The findings demonstrate a reasonable methodological approach toward the production of masonry bricks using a mixture of PET waste and spent foundry sands.
| 78,604 | [
-0.2032470703125,
0.474853515625,
0.268310546875,
0.21728515625,
-0.927734375,
0.0240478515625,
-0.423583984375,
0.6162109375,
0.53955078125,
0.345947265625,
0.46875,
-0.61669921875,
0.4814453125,
-1.26953125,
-0.61962890625,
0.285888671875,
0.0772705078125,
-0.302734375,
-0.0010... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Grating-coupled interferometry reveals binding kinetics and affinities of Ni ions to genetically engineered protein layers.
Reliable measurement of the binding kinetics of low molecular weight analytes to their targets is still a challenging task. Often, the introduction of labels is simply impossible in such measurements, and the application of label-free methods is the only reliable choice. By measuring the binding kinetics of Ni(II) ions to genetically modified flagellin layers, we demonstrate that: (1) Grating-Coupled Interferometry (GCI) is well suited to resolve the binding of ions, even at very low protein immobilization levels; (2) it supplies high quality kinetic data from which the number and strength of available binding sites can be determined, and (3) the rate constants of the binding events can also be obtained with high accuracy. Experiments were performed using a flagellin variant incorporating the C-terminal domain of the nickel-responsive transcription factor NikR. GCI results were compared to affinity data from titration calorimetry. We found that besides the low-affinity binding sites characterized by a micromolar dissociation constant (Kd), tetrameric FliC-NikRC molecules possess high-affinity binding sites with Kd values in the nanomolar range. GCI enabled us to obtain real-time kinetic data for the specific binding of an analyte with molar mass as low as 59 Da, even at signals lower than 1 pg/mm2.
| 78,663 | [
0.1317138671875,
0.2203369140625,
0.1934814453125,
0.73193359375,
-0.8173828125,
0.0029773712158203125,
-0.052581787109375,
-0.052825927734375,
0.07965087890625,
0.6640625,
0.6455078125,
-0.49072265625,
0.21044921875,
-0.912109375,
-0.0521240234375,
0.55908203125,
-0.055511474609375,... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Emergent 2D materials for combating infectious diseases: The potential of MXenes and MXene-graphene composites to fight against pandemics
Infectious diseases spread rapidly among humans, and they are amid the major causes of human deaths globally The world has seen several fatal infectious diseases in the past, for example, Spanish flu about a century ago, and now coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), the two major pandemics While medicines and vaccines are the ultimate solutions to combat pandemics, material innovation and technological development are also crucial parts to fight against these highly infectious diseases Materials and technological development can assist in developing high-performance and sensitive diagnostic devices, efficient antimicrobial components/personal protective equipment such as face masks and shields, aprons, sterilizers, touch-free components for sanitizations, and many other components for medical equipment Due to the outstanding functional properties and feasibility to integrate with any systems, 2D materials are emerging solutions for biomedical applications In particular, 2D materials beyond graphene such as MXenes, and composites of MXene-graphene show many promising properties such as high electrical conductivity, surface functionalization feasibility, excellent photocatalytic and photo-to-heat conversion properties, outstanding antimicrobial behavior, and many other tailorable properties Here, we shed light on the properties of MXenes and MXene-graphene composites for healthcare applications and how they can contribute in the fight against the current and future pandemics © 2021 The Royal Society of Chemistry
| 78,929 | [
-0.321044921875,
-0.07159423828125,
-0.1572265625,
0.28955078125,
-0.2152099609375,
-0.07354736328125,
-0.425048828125,
-0.08551025390625,
0.3759765625,
0.76513671875,
0.427490234375,
-0.483154296875,
0.1343994140625,
-0.7255859375,
-0.59130859375,
0.44189453125,
-0.34423828125,
-1... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Electrochemical biosensing platform based on complex biantennary N-glycan for detecting enzymatic sialylation processes.
Sialylated glycans and glycoproteins are involved in cellular communication and are crucial for distinguishing between signal pathways. Sialylation levels and patterns modulate recognition events and are regulated by the enzymatic activity of sialyltransferases and neuraminidases. Abnormal activity of these enzymes is related to diseases such as cancer and viral infection. Monitoring these enzymatic activities offers valuable diagnostic tools. This work presents an impedimetric biosensing platform for following and detecting sialylation and desialylation processes. This platform is based on a native biantennary N-glycan substrate attached to a glassy carbon electrode. Changes in the molecular layer, as a result of enzymatic reactions, were detected by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, displaying high sensitivity to the enzymatic surface reactions. Increase in the molecular layer roughness in response to the sialylation was visualized using atomic force microscopy. After enzymatic sialylation, the presence of sialic acid was confirmed using cyclic voltammetry by coupling of the redox active marker aminoferrocene. The sialylation showed selectivity toward the N-glycan compared to another glycan substrate. A time dependent sialylation was followed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, proving that the new system can be applied to evaluate the enzymatic kinetics. Our findings suggest that analyzing sialylation processes using this platform can become a useful tool for the detection of pathological states and pathogen invasion.
| 78,976 | [
-0.6318359375,
-0.11767578125,
-0.364501953125,
0.33349609375,
-0.0450439453125,
-0.031341552734375,
-0.364501953125,
-0.05548095703125,
0.5927734375,
0.489501953125,
0.272705078125,
-0.417236328125,
0.427490234375,
-0.287841796875,
-0.52734375,
0.74560546875,
-0.1861572265625,
-0.... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Soft matter with soft particles
In this review we present a summary of recent progress achieved in examining the equilibrium and dynamical properties of concentrated solutions of two novel kinds of soft matter systems: and starburst molecules known as . The two systems share a host of interesting properties. The both consist of highly branched polymers, they allow for tuning of their properties through modification of the macromolecular architecture and they are both representatives of a quite novel class of colloidal particles, termed . On the other hand there are also important differences, reflecting the fundamental difference in their architecture. It will be shown that a combination of scattering techniques and rheology with computer simulations and analytical methods from the realm of theoretical physics can shed light on the unusual properties of such systems. In this fashion, new ways appear for the manipulation of soft matter systems under external influences and promising perspectives for the fabrication of new materials are opened up and the versatility in manipulating soft matter is underlined.
| 78,988 | [
-0.2188720703125,
0.343505859375,
0.118408203125,
0.196533203125,
-0.363037109375,
-0.413818359375,
-0.48974609375,
-0.00493621826171875,
0.48681640625,
0.81982421875,
0.32373046875,
-0.0023708343505859375,
0.1390380859375,
-0.9208984375,
-0.51318359375,
0.403076171875,
0.17980957031... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Engineering of SPECT/Photoacoustic Imaging/Antioxidative Stress Triple-Function Nanoprobe for Advanced Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy of Cerebral Ischemia.
The precise transplantation, long-term tracking, and maintenance of stem cells with maximizing therapeutic effect are significant challenges in stem cell-based therapy for stroke treatment. In this study, a unique core-shell labeling nanoagent was prepared by encapsulating a cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle (CPMSN) into a 125I-conjugated/spermine-modified dextran polymer (125I-SD) by microfluidics for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) tracking and activity maintenance. The CPMSN core not only exhibits excellent photoacoustic (PA) imaging performance induced by the intermolecular aggregation of CoPP within the mesopores but also protects the MSCs against oxidative stress by sustained release of CoPP. Meanwhile, the addition of a 125I-SD shell can increase the uptake efficiency in MSCs without inducing cell variability and enable the single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) nuclear imaging. In vivo results indicated that CPMSN@125I-SD labeling could allow for an optimal combination of instant imaging of MSCs, with PA to guide intracerebral injection, followed by multiple time point SPECT imaging to consecutively track the cell homing. Importantly, the sustained release of CoPP from CPMSN@125I-SD significantly increased the survival of MSCs after injection into an ischemic mouse brain and promoted neurobehavioral recovery in ischemic mice. Thus, CPMSN@125I-SD represents a robust theranostic probe for both MSC tracking and maintaining their therapeutic effect in the treatment of brain ischemia.
| 79,042 | [
0.43115234375,
-0.1527099609375,
-0.06719970703125,
0.6865234375,
-0.5390625,
-0.1151123046875,
-0.78564453125,
0.16455078125,
0.362548828125,
0.55908203125,
0.27783203125,
-0.57763671875,
0.7998046875,
-0.59423828125,
0.09454345703125,
0.6123046875,
0.271728515625,
-0.3779296875,
... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Removal of carbon constituents from hospital solid waste incinerator fly ash by column flotation
Hospital solid waste incinerator (HSWI) fly ash contains a large number of carbon constituents including powder activated carbon and unburned carbon, which are the major source of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in fly ash. Therefore, the removal of carbon constituents could reduce PCDD/Fs in fly ash greatly. In this study, the effects of the main flotation parameters on the removal of carbon constituents were investigated, and the characteristics of the final product were evaluated. The results showed that loss on ignition (LOI) of fly ash increased from 11.1% to 31.6% during conditioning process. By optimizing the flotation parameters at slurry concentration 0.05 kg/l, kerosene dosage 12 kg/t, frother dosage 3 kg/t and air flow rate 0.06 m(3)/h, 92.7% of the carbon constituents were removed from the raw fly ash. Under these conditions, the froth product has LOI of 56.35% and calorific values of 12.5 MJ/kg, LOI in the tailings was below 5%, and the total toxic equivalent (TEQ) of PCDD/Fs decreased from 5.61 ng-TEQ/g in the raw fly ash to 1.47 ng-TEQ/g in the tailings. The results show that column flotation is a potential technology for simultaneous separation of carbon constituents and PCDD/Fs from HSWI fly ash.
| 79,056 | [
-0.50830078125,
0.366943359375,
0.310791015625,
0.4375,
-0.55029296875,
0.100341796875,
-0.390625,
0.168701171875,
0.625,
0.406005859375,
0.6064453125,
-0.120361328125,
0.60107421875,
-1.201171875,
-0.73876953125,
-0.197021484375,
-0.302490234375,
-0.498046875,
-0.2017822265625,
... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Long-term stabilization of DNA at room temperature using a one-step microwave assisted process
Long-term stabilization of DNA is needed for forensic, clinical, in-field operations and numerous other applications. Although freezing (<−20 °C) and dry storage are currently the preferential methods for long-term storage, a noticeable pre-analytical degradation of DNA over time, upfront capital investment and recurring costs have demonstrated a need for an alternative long-term room-temperature preservation method. Herein, we report a novel, fast (~5 min) silica sol–gel preparation method using a standard microwave-initiated polymerization reaction amenable to stabilization of DNA. The method involves use of one chemical, tetramethoxy silane (TMOS) and eliminates the use of alcohol as co-solvent and catalysts such as acids. In addition, the process involves minimal technical expertise, thus making it an ideal choice for resource-challenged countries and in-field applications. The sol–gel is capable to store and stabilize Escherichia coli DNA in ambient conditions for 210 days. DNA recovered from the sol–gel showed no significant nucleolytic and/or oxidative degradation, outperforming conventional storage conditions at −20 °C, and reported state-of-the-art technology. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42247-021-00208-3.
| 79,066 | [
-0.1441650390625,
0.1776123046875,
0.028717041015625,
0.260498046875,
-0.57177734375,
0.08538818359375,
-0.1973876953125,
-0.1229248046875,
0.41357421875,
0.72021484375,
0.448974609375,
-0.6318359375,
0.258544921875,
-0.7216796875,
-0.6025390625,
0.1561279296875,
0.256591796875,
-0... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Loading and Release of Charged and Neutral Fluorescent Dyes into and from Mesoporous Materials: A Key Role for Sensing Applications
The aim of this study is to determine the efficiency of loading and release of several zwitterionic, neutral, anionic and cationic dyes into/from mesoporous nanoparticles to find the optimum loading and release conditions for their application in detection protocols. The loading is carried out for MCM-41 type silica supports suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer (pH 7.4) or in acetonitrile, involving the dyes (rhodamine B chloride, rhodamine 101 chloride, rhodamine 101 perchlorate, rhodamine 101 inner salt, meso-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-boron–dipyrromethene (BODIPY), sulforhodamine B sodium salt and fluorescein 27). As a general trend, rhodamine-based dyes are loaded with higher efficiency, when compared with BODIPY and fluorescein dyes. Between the rhodamine-based dyes, their charge and the solvent in which the loading process is carried out play important roles for the amount of cargo that can be loaded into the materials. The delivery experiments carried out in PBS buffer at pH 7.4 reveal for all the materials that anionic dyes are more efficiently released compared to their neutral or cationic counterparts. The overall best performance is achieved with the negatively charged sulforhodamine B dye in acetonitrile. This material also shows a high delivery degree in PBS buffer.
| 79,072 | [
-0.0843505859375,
-0.200927734375,
0.064208984375,
0.771484375,
-1.02734375,
0.1473388671875,
-0.5732421875,
-0.2374267578125,
0.5380859375,
0.9912109375,
0.308349609375,
-0.295654296875,
0.50537109375,
-0.431884765625,
-0.4462890625,
0.5537109375,
0.1668701171875,
-0.3544921875,
... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells to demonstrate China's renewable energy renewable portfolio standards within the framework of the 13th five-year plan
A unified treatment of the renewable portfolio standards is given concerning direct methanol fuel. The current mechanism of electrocatalysis of methanol oxidation on platinum and non-platinum-containing alloys is summarized for the systematic improvement of the rate of electro-oxidation of methanol are discussed. Policy realignment under the five-year plan is discussed in length to demonstrate how policy, markets, and engineering designs contribute towards the development of model direct methanol fuel cells operational enhancement, and factors that affect critical performance parameters for commercial exploitation are summarized for catalytic formulations and cell design within the context of why this investment in technology, education, and finances is required within the global context of sustainable energy and energy independence as exposed by thirteenth the five-year plan. The prolog focuses on the way, whereas the section on methanol fuel cells on the how and the post log on what is expected post-COVID-19 era in science and technology as China pivots to a post-fossil fuel economy. China's industrial growth has been through internal market reforms and supplies side economics from the Chinese markets for fossil fuels except for petroleum. The latest renewable portfolio standards adopted have common elements as adopted from North American and the United Kingdom in terms of adaptation of obligation in terms of renewable portfolio standards as well as a realization that the necessity for renewables standards for the thirteen five year plan (from 2016 to 2020) need to less rigorously implemented due to performance targets that were met during the eleventh (06–10) and twelfth five-year plans (11–15) in terms of utilization of small coal-ire power plants, development of newer standards, led to an improvement of energy efficiency of 15 %, reduction of SO(x)/NO(x) by an average of 90 % and PM2.5 by 96 % over the last two five-year plans. The current phase of the plan has a focus on energy generation from coal and a slowing down of renewables or Renewable energy curtailment of approximately 400 T Wh renewables including 300 T Wh of non-hydro power, principally from Guangdong, and Jiangsu for transfer of hydropower and Zhejiang, Tianjin, Henan for non-hydro power transfer with Beijing and Shanghai playing important roles in renewables energy curtailment and realignment using an integrated approach to optimize each provinces energy portfolio. The realignment of the renewable energy portfolio indicates that the newly installed capacity in Sichuan, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, and Zhejiang will account for less than 20 % of the current renewable energy portfolio but with the NO(x) SO(x) and PM(2.5) savings already accrued. The catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to methanol (70 / 110 million metric tons from all sources in 2019 for China/world) is one technological approach to reduce global carbon dioxide emissions and suggests that catalytic methanol synthesis by CO(2) hydrogenation may be a plausible approach, even if it is more expensive economically than methanol synthesis by the syngas approach. This is because the CO(2) emissions of the synthesis are lower than other synthesis methodologies. The Chinese government has placed a premium on cleaner air and water and may view such an approach as solving the dual issues of fuel substitution and reduction of CO(2). Thus, the coupling of hydrogen generation from sustainable energies sources (Solar 175 / 509 GW) or wind (211/591.5 GW in 2019) may be an attractive approach, as this requires slightly less water than coal gasification. Due to the thermodynamic requirement of lower operating pressure and higher operating pressure, currently, there is no single operational approach, although some practice approaches (220 °C at 48 atm using copper) and zinc oxide/alumina are suggested for optimal performance.
| 79,236 | [
-0.73779296875,
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0.1531982421875,
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0.398681640625,
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0.18408203125,
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-0.523925... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Self-assembled Epitaxial Ferroelectric Oxide Nano-spring with Super-scalability
Oxide nano-springs have attracted many research interests because of their anti-corrosion, high-temperature tolerance, oxidation resistance, and enhanced-mechanic-response from unique helix structures, enabling various nano-manipulators, nano-motors, nano-switches, sensors, and energy harvesters. However, preparing oxide nano-springs is a challenge for their intrinsic lack of elasticity. Here, we developed an approach for preparing self-assembled, epitaxial, ferroelectric nano-springs with built-in strain due to the lattice mismatch in freestanding La0.7 Sr0.3 MnO3 /BaTiO3 (LSMO/BTO) bilayer heterostructures. We find that these LSMO/BTO nano-springs can be extensively pulled or pushed up to their geometry limits back and forth without breaking, exhibiting super-scalability with full recovery capability. The phase-field simulations reveal that the excellent scalability originates from the continuous ferroelastic domain structures, resulting from twisting under co-existing axial and shear strains. In addition, the oxide hetero-structural springs exhibit strong resilience due to the limited plastic deformation nature and the built-in strain between the bilayers. This discovery provides an alternative way for preparing and operating functional oxide nano-springs that can be applied to various technologies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
| 79,240 | [
-0.3857421875,
0.042572021484375,
-0.312744140625,
0.583984375,
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0.409912109375,
1.0478515625,
0.46044921875,
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0.263427734375,
-0.82177734375,
-0.497802734375,
0.54931640625,
0.10528564453125,
-0.4179687... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Deep learning as phase retrieval tool for CARS spectra.
Finding efficient and reliable methods for the extraction of the phase in optical measurements is challenging and has been widely investigated. Although sophisticated optical settings, e.g. holography, measure directly the phase, the use of algorithmic methods has gained attention due to its efficiency, fast calculation and easy setup requirements. We investigated three phase retrieval methods: the maximum entropy technique (MEM), the Kramers-Kronig relation (KK), and for the first time deep learning using the Long Short-Term Memory network (LSTM). LSTM shows superior results for the phase retrieval problem of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectra in comparison to MEM and KK.
| 79,574 | [
0.23095703125,
0.1522216796875,
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-0.5078125,
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0.162353515625,
-1.1318359375,
-0.6953125,
0.39501953125,
0.15185546875,
-0.11846... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Separation of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid by three-zone simulated moving bed chromatography.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are essential fatty acids for human body, which are widely used in the field of healthy food and medicine. Meanwhile, there are some differences in their physiological functions, such as "scavenger for blood vessel" of EPA and "brain protector" of DHA. In order to make full use of EPA and DHA, it is necessary to prepare their high-purity component. In this paper, EPA and DHA were separated and purified by three-zone simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography with C18 used as stationary phase and ethanol-water as mobile phase. For the single column experiment, a separation unit of SMB, the effects of the ratio of ethanol to water, pH value and temperature on the separation were investigated. The equilibrium dispersion (ED) model was used to obtain the adsorption parameters of EPA and DHA by inverse method and genetic algorithm, and the accuracy of the adsorption parameters was verified by fitting the overloaded elution curves under different conditions. Based on the acquired nonlinear adsorption isotherms the complete separation region was found according to triangle theory. The effects of sample concentration, flow ratios of adsorption zone and rectification zone, and column distribution mode of SMB on the separation were investigated. Under the optimized SMB conditions, the experimental result was that without regard to the other components, the chromatographic purity and recovery values of EPA and DHA exceeded 99% with the productivity of 4.15 g/L/h, and the solvent consumption of 1.11 L/g.
| 79,629 | [
-0.216796875,
0.04559326171875,
0.1683349609375,
0.521484375,
-0.7109375,
0.1551513671875,
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0.77099609375,
-0.133544921875,
0.78369140625,
0.60888671875,
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0.264892578125,
-0.54931640625,
-0.278564453125,
0.21630859375,
-0.12109375,
-0.501953125,
... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Self-luminescent photodynamic therapy and pathogen detection for infectious diseases
The importance of detection and treatments of infectious diseases has been stressed to the world by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As a substitution of an external light source, self-luminescent therapeutics featuring in situ light emission aims to address the lack of tissue penetration in conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT). Luminol-based self-luminescent systems are successfully incorporated in PDT and detection of pathogens in infectious diseases. In these systems, luminol/hydrogen peroxide is served as luminescence source which can be activated by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). As a supplement strategy to the HRP-based bioluminescence, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) provided an electric-driven therapeutic solution and demonstrated potential capabilities of wearable healthcare devices with properly constructed transparent flexible hydrogels. Besides the diagnosis of infection and detection of bacteria, fungi and virus in solution or powder samples have been achieved by ATP-derived self-luminescence as the light source. In this inspirational note, we provide an overview on latest progress in the PDT and microbial detection by self-luminescent systems with an emphasis on the bioluminescence and ECL.
| 79,750 | [
-0.1632080078125,
-0.72412109375,
-0.189208984375,
0.638671875,
-0.8798828125,
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0.3369140625,
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... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Methods for counting particles in microfluidic applications
Microfluidic particle counters are important tools in biomedical diagnostic applications such as flow cytometry analysis. Major methods of counting particles in microfluidic devices are reviewed in this paper. The microfluidic resistive pulse sensor advances in sensitivity over the traditional Coulter counter by improving signal amplification and noise reduction techniques. Nanopore-based methods are used for single DNA molecule analysis and the capacitance counter is useful in liquids of low electrical conductivity and in sensing the changes of cell contents. Light-scattering and light-blocking counters are better for detecting larger particles or concentrated particles. Methods of using fluorescence detection have the capability for differentiating particles of similar sizes but different types that are labeled with different fluorescent dyes. The micro particle image velocimetry method has also been used for detecting and analyzing particles in a flow field. The general limitation of microfluidic particle counters is the low throughput which needs to be improved in the future. The integration of two or more existing microfluidic particle counting techniques is required for many practical on-chip applications.
| 79,751 | [
-0.272705078125,
0.12457275390625,
-0.0723876953125,
0.248046875,
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0.11224365234375,
0.04388427734375,
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0.48583984375,
0.662109375,
0.0628662109375,
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0.455078125,
-0.69677734375,
-0.483154296875,
0.259033203125,
-0.1458740234375,
-0.6... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
3D printed concentrated alginate/GelMA hollow-fibers-packed scaffolds with nano apatite coatings for bone tissue engineering
Three-dimensional grafts/scaffolds with hierarchically biomimetic features from nano to macro scale and high porosity are required for bone tissue engineering. In this study, biomimetic organic/inorganic composite scaffolds with high porosity (78.7 ± 3.2%) and features from nano (nano apatite coatings) to macro (macro pores and hollow channels) scale were fabricated based on highly concentrated alginate/GelMA bioinks via co-axial 3D printing and in situ mineralization under mild conditions. Nano apatites were coated on both inner and outer surfaces of the hollow fiber scaffolds, homogeneously. Proteins were directly loaded in the bioinks achieving sustained release from the scaffolds over 28 days. The in vitro cell experiments showed that the scaffolds with good biocompatibility could support cells adhesion and proliferation. The nano apatite coatings presented remarkable osteogenic capability. The in vivo study indicated that the hollow fiber scaffolds with biomimetic nano apatite coatings showed the capability to enhance bone formation after 12 weeks of implantation. In conclusion, the prepared biomimetic organic/inorganic scaffolds with homogeneous nano apatite coatings and hollow channels structures might be potential candidates for bone tissue engineering.
| 79,818 | [
0.1737060546875,
0.206298828125,
0.04522705078125,
0.62158203125,
-0.47607421875,
0.1767578125,
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0.66259765625,
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0.349365234375,
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0.64501953125,
-0.83056640625,
-0.09747314453125,
0.67919921875,
-0.1820068359375,
-0.... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Antiviral boost for nanoparticles
Promethean Particles, which makes nanomaterials using a continuous-flow production process, is collaborating with the healthcare industry to develop new applications for its copper nanoparticles
| 79,864 | [
-0.01001739501953125,
-0.132080078125,
-0.33349609375,
0.1727294921875,
-0.422119140625,
0.210205078125,
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0.55224609375,
0.4697265625,
0.157470703125,
0.1737060546875,
0.57080078125,
-0.461181640625,
-0.310546875,
0.473876953125,
-0.1470947265625,
-1... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Reversible electrochemical oxidation of sulfur in ionic liquid for high-voltage Al−S batteries
Sulfur is an important electrode material in metal−sulfur batteries. It is usually coupled with metal anodes and undergoes electrochemical reduction to form metal sulfides. Herein, we demonstrate, for the first time, the reversible sulfur oxidation process in AlCl(3)/carbamide ionic liquid, where sulfur is electrochemically oxidized by AlCl(4)(−) to form AlSCl(7). The sulfur oxidation is: 1) highly reversible with an efficiency of ~94%; and 2) workable within a wide range of high potentials. As a result, the Al−S battery based on sulfur oxidation can be cycled steadily around ~1.8 V, which is the highest operation voltage in Al−S batteries. The study of sulfur oxidation process benefits the understanding of sulfur chemistry and provides a valuable inspiration for the design of other high-voltage metal−sulfur batteries, not limited to Al−S configurations.
| 80,273 | [
-0.5341796875,
0.1072998046875,
-0.01171112060546875,
0.427978515625,
-0.1705322265625,
-0.1903076171875,
-0.80126953125,
-0.35595703125,
0.271240234375,
0.7509765625,
0.71240234375,
-0.650390625,
0.66943359375,
-0.70361328125,
-0.48486328125,
0.162109375,
-0.1473388671875,
-0.2617... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Long-Time Non-Debye Kinetics of Molecular Desorption from Substrates with Frozen Disorder.
The experiments on the kinetics of molecular desorption from structurally disordered adsorbents clearly demonstrate its non-Debye behavior at "long" times. In due time, when analyzing the desorption of hydrogen molecules from crystalline adsorbents, attempts were made to associate this behavior with the manifestation of second-order effects, when the rate of desorption is limited by the rate of surface diffusion of hydrogen atoms with their subsequent association into molecules. However, the estimates made in the present work show that the dominance of second-order effects should be expected in the region of times significantly exceeding those where the kinetics of H2 desorption have long acquired a non-Debye character. To explain the observed regularities, an approach has been developed according to which frozen fluctuations in the activation energy of desorption play a crucial role in the non-Debye kinetics of the process. The obtained closed expression for the desorption rate has a transparent physical meaning and allows us to give a quantitative interpretation of a number of experiments on the desorption kinetics of molecules not only from crystalline (containing frozen defects) but also from amorphous adsorbents. The ways of further development of the proposed theory and its experimental verification are outlined.
| 80,299 | [
-0.7314453125,
0.1810302734375,
0.11187744140625,
0.468505859375,
-0.6142578125,
0.06494140625,
-0.3486328125,
0.1943359375,
0.0733642578125,
0.78076171875,
0.1826171875,
-0.0938720703125,
0.68310546875,
-1.021484375,
-0.474609375,
0.2445068359375,
0.0238494873046875,
-0.625,
-0.... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Synthesis of Chitosan-Silver Nanoparticle Composite Spheres and Their Antimicrobial Activities
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles–chitosan composite particles sphere (AgNPs-chi-spheres) has been completed and its characterization was fulfilled by UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and zetasizer nano. UV–vis spectroscopy characterization showed that AgNPs-chi-spheres gave optimum absorption at a wavelength of 410 nm. The XRD spectra showed that the structure of AgNPs-chi-spheres were crystalline and spherical. Characterization by SEM showed that AgNPs-chi-spheres, with the addition of 20% of NaOH, resulted in the lowest average particle sizes of 46.91 nm. EDX analysis also showed that AgNPs-chi-spheres, with the addition of a 20% NaOH concentration, produced particles with regular spheres, a smooth and relatively nonporous structure. The analysis using zetasizer nano showed that the zeta potential value and the polydispersity index value of the AgNPs-chi-sphere tended to increase with an increased NaOH concentration. The results of the microbial activity screening showed that the AgNP-chi-Spheres with highest concentration of NaOH, produced the highest inhibition zone diameters against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans, with inhibition zone diameters of 19.5, 18.56, and 12.25 nm, respectively.
| 80,325 | [
-0.1533203125,
0.15966796875,
0.41162109375,
0.09625244140625,
-0.58837890625,
0.14501953125,
-0.301025390625,
0.418701171875,
0.6103515625,
0.65087890625,
0.61376953125,
-0.18701171875,
0.275390625,
-0.517578125,
-0.465576171875,
0.58203125,
-0.09130859375,
-0.9541015625,
-0.548... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Analysis of the classical trajectory treatment of photon dynamics for polaritonic phenomena
Simulating photon dynamics in strong light-matter coupling situations via classical trajectories is proving to be powerful and practical. Here, we analyze the performance of the approach through the lens of the exact factorization approach. Since the exact factorization enables a rigorous definition of the potentials driving the photonic motion, it allows us to identify that the underestimation of photon number and intensities observed in earlier work is primarily due to an inadequate accounting of light-matter correlation in the classical Ehrenfest force rather than errors from treating the photons quasiclassically per se. The latter becomes problematic when the number of photons per mode begins to exceed a half.
| 80,336 | [
-0.1220703125,
-0.210693359375,
0.05108642578125,
0.446533203125,
-0.197998046875,
-0.60693359375,
-0.49072265625,
-0.09893798828125,
-0.017059326171875,
1.0234375,
0.2105712890625,
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0.09906005859375,
-0.76513671875,
-0.483154296875,
0.564453125,
0.0208587646484375,
-... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Recent advances in the use of intrinsic fluorescence for bacterial identification and characterization.
Live bacteria contain a variety of intracellular biomolecules that have specific excitation and emission wavelength spectra characterizing their intrinsic fluorescence. This paper reviews recent developed methods using bacterial intrinsic fluorescence for identification and characterization purposes. Potential applications of such methods at the industrial level are also addressed.
| 80,346 | [
0.04644775390625,
-0.443115234375,
-0.08294677734375,
0.6044921875,
-0.48681640625,
0.30859375,
-0.75244140625,
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0.317138671875,
0.97265625,
0.5087890625,
-0.5302734375,
0.162109375,
-0.75146484375,
-0.439453125,
0.2283935546875,
0.146240234375,
-0.4375,
-0.094787... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Machine Learning-Assisted Intelligent Fibers for Remote Control
Under the impact of Covid-19 virus, remote control is of value in non-contact systems. Glove-based wearable systems are promising for precise and low-cost hand gesture recognition. Yet, preparing stable intelligent fibers using facile techniques for reliable machine learning is still challenging. Here, we propose a stable intelligent fiber via layer-by-layer assemble for reliable machine learning, which exhibits a gauge factor of 4. The adoption of PVA and PU film can improve adherence of CNTs and stability of intelligent fiber during cyclic deformations, thus improving electrical performances and service time. Besides, integrating a flexible hybrid electronic system, we demonstrate remote control of robots using our fabricated glove and a shallow neural network.
| 80,431 | [
-0.038909912109375,
0.45947265625,
-0.337890625,
0.615234375,
-0.208251953125,
-0.203369140625,
-0.46240234375,
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0.1563720703125,
0.74951171875,
0.435791015625,
-0.113037109375,
-0.10260009765625,
-1.23828125,
-0.6474609375,
0.67236328125,
-0.0797119140625,
-0.4814... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Attenuation of electromagnetic radiation in Nuclear Track Detectors
A systematic study of the attenuation of electromagnetic radiation in Nuclear Track Detectors (NTDs) is carried out. The attenuation of gamma-ray, X-ray, UV, visible, and infrared radiation in NTDs are investigated using NaI(Tl) detector, Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and FTIR spectrophotometer respectively. The values of some important parameters (e.g., optical depth, attenuation coefficient, etc.) of three commercially available NTDs (PET, Makrofol r and CR-39 r ), at the relevant region of the electromagnetic spectrum, is determined. The details of the experimental techniques and the results are also presented in this paper.
| 80,435 | [
-0.1849365234375,
-0.0889892578125,
0.251220703125,
0.107177734375,
-0.642578125,
-0.375244140625,
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0.08734130859375,
-0.4794921875,
0.80712890625,
0.141357421875,
0.06689453125,
0.515625,
-0.59619140625,
-0.34423828125,
0.38525390625,
0.23046875,
-0.69287109375,
-0.0... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Controlled induction of distributed microdeformation in wounded tissue via a microchamber array dressing.
Mechanical stimuli are known to play an important role in determining the structure and function of living cells and tissues. Recent studies have highlighted the role of mechanical signals in mammalian dermal wound healing. However, the biological link between mechanical stimulation of wounded tissue and the subsequent cellular response has not been fully determined. The capacity for researchers to study this link is partially limited by the lack of instrumentation capable of applying controlled mechanical stimuli to wounded tissue. The studies outlined here tested the hypothesis that it was possible to control the magnitude of induced wound tissue deformation using a microfabricated dressing composed of an array of open-faced, hexagonally shaped microchambers rendered in a patch of silicone rubber. By connecting the dressing to a single vacuum source, the underlying wounded tissue was drawn up into each of the microchambers, thereby inducing tissue deformation. For these studies, the dressings were applied to full-thickness murine dermal wounds with 200 mmHg vacuum for 12 h. These studies demonstrated that the dressing was capable of inducing wound tissue deformation with values ranging from 11 to 29%. Through statistical analysis, the magnitude of the induced deformation was shown to be a function of both microchamber height and width. These results demonstrated that the dressing was capable of controlling the amount of deformation imparted in the underlying tissue. By allowing the application of mechanical stimulation with varying intensities, such a dressing will enable the performance of sophisticated mechanobiology studies in dermal wound healing.
| 80,578 | [
-0.1612548828125,
-0.1317138671875,
-0.1839599609375,
0.67041015625,
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0.2998046875,
-0.31396484375,
-0.059295654296875,
-0.318115234375,
0.91845703125,
0.3349609375,
-0.58740234375,
0.49609375,
-0.349365234375,
0.07769775390625,
0.3037109375,
0.0240631103515625,
-0.7299... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Recent Advances in Packaging Technologies of AlGaN-Based Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes
AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs) have gained rapidly growing attention due to their wide applications in water purification, air disinfection, and sensing as well as optical communication. Moreover, deep UV radiation has been verified as one of effective way to inactivate COVID-19. However, although numerous efforts have been made in deep UV LED chips, the reported highest external quantum efficiency (EQE) of them is 20.3%, which is far lower than that of visible LEDs. The EQE of commercial packaged AlGaN-based deep UV LEDs is usually lower than 5%, which will cause serious reliability problems as well. Therefore, it is very urgent to improve EQE and reliability of the devices from packaging level. In this review, a systematical summarization about the packaging technologies of AlGaN-based deep UV LEDs has been analyzed and future prospects have been made as well. Firstly, this work provides a brief overview of the devices and analyzes why the packaging level reduces EQE and reliability in theory. Then, systematically reviews the recent advances in packaging technologies and deep UV micro-LEDs. Finally, conclusions and outlooks are given as well. This review is of great significance for promoting the development of the packaging technologies for AlGaN-based deep UV LEDs. © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH
| 80,607 | [
-0.03717041015625,
-0.2607421875,
0.015838623046875,
0.5341796875,
-0.85595703125,
-0.20849609375,
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0.266845703125,
0.36669921875,
1.2080078125,
0.490478515625,
-0.329833984375,
0.1900634765625,
-0.9736328125,
-0.2423095703125,
0.443603515625,
0.08905029296875,
-0.699... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Cyclodextrin-based adsorbents for the removal of pollutants from wastewater: a review.
Water is a vital substance that constitutes biological structures and sustains life. However, water pollution is currently among the major environmental challenges and has attracted increasing study attention. How to handle contaminated water now mainly focuses on removing or reducing the pollutants from the wastewater. Cyclodextrin derivatives, possessing external hydrophilic and internal hydrophobic properties, have been recognized as new-generation adsorbents to exert positive effects on water pollution treatment. This article outlines recent contributions of cyclodextrin-based adsorbents on wastewater treatment, highlighting different adsorption mechanisms of cyclodextrin-based adsorbents under different influencing factors. The crosslinked and immobilized cyclodextrin-based adsorbents all displayed outstanding adsorption capacities. Particularly, according to specific pollutants including metal ions, organic chemicals, pesticides, and drugs in wastewater, this article has classified and organized various cyclodextrin-based adsorbents into tables, which could pave an intuitive shortcut for designing and developing efficient cyclodextrin-based adsorbents for targeted wastewater pollutants. Besides, this article specially discusses cost-effectiveness and regeneration performance of current cyclodextrin-based adsorbents. Finally, the challenges and future directions of cyclodextrin-based adsorbents are prospected in this article, which may shed substantial light on practical industrial applications of cyclodextrin-based adsorbents.
| 80,654 | [
-0.63134765625,
-0.04730224609375,
0.114501953125,
0.1995849609375,
-0.6943359375,
-0.0335693359375,
-0.08477783203125,
0.08441162109375,
0.51708984375,
0.86865234375,
0.182861328125,
-0.755859375,
0.342041015625,
-0.5615234375,
-0.58740234375,
0.064208984375,
0.11053466796875,
-0.... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Effect of M (Ni, Cu, Zn) doping on the structural, electronic, optical, and thermal properties of CdI2: DFT based theoretical studies
Structural, electronic, optical, and thermal properties of undoped and metal, M (Ni, Cu, and Zn), doped cadmium iodide (CdI2) were studied using a generalized gradient approximation of density functional theory. Lattice constants found from the theoretical studies of the structure of the undoped and doped CdI2 are in good agreement with those found in the available experimental and theoretical investigations. A strong mixing of I 5p and M 3d states is found after the doping of 3d M in CdI2, which alters the bandgap from positive to negative. Among all M (Ni, Cu, and Zn), Ni doped CdI2 with a narrow negative bandgap evolve the quantum dot level. Due to interactions between the Cd 4d and M 3d states, the measured optical and thermal properties of the doped system assessed with pure CdI2 indicate unusual behaviors, which suggest that the material can be used in different nano-electronic and electrochemical applications and in biological levels such as detection of COVID-19 pathogens. © 2021 Author(s).
| 80,695 | [
-0.83349609375,
-0.41650390625,
0.12310791015625,
0.274169921875,
-0.603515625,
-0.299072265625,
-0.463134765625,
0.037078857421875,
0.0362548828125,
1.0673828125,
0.5,
-0.442626953125,
0.476806640625,
-1.1923828125,
-0.274658203125,
0.49267578125,
-0.2210693359375,
-0.72216796875,... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
pKa Scale for Cyclopropenium Ions with Applications in CO2 Capture
Molecular acid-base properties are core to understanding chemical systems and the prediction of reactivity. This axiom holds for cyclopropenium ions in terms of their broad use as (organo)catalysts, ligands, redox-flow batteries, and applications in materials sciences. In view of this significant status, and with it, the critical importance of acidity, we disclose in this report the first comprehensive computational study of the pKa values of cyclopropenium ions employing a subset of 70 structurally diverse cyclopropenium derivatives, density functional computations, and Hammett linear free-energy relationships. Capitalizing upon these computed findings, and with an eye toward greenhouse gas trapping, we further document the timely use of a cyclopropenium-cyclopropenylidene coupled platform for CO2 capture and light-triggered release.
| 80,712 | [
-0.3017578125,
-0.078857421875,
0.6044921875,
0.5107421875,
-0.6884765625,
-0.11749267578125,
-0.5498046875,
0.076904296875,
0.42626953125,
0.673828125,
0.50634765625,
-0.61083984375,
0.2352294921875,
-0.94384765625,
-0.509765625,
0.56005859375,
-0.08172607421875,
-0.447265625,
0... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
State-of-the-art review of advanced electrospun nanofiber yarn-based textiles for biomedical applications
The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has made biotextiles, including face masks and protective clothing, quite familiar in our daily lives. Biotextiles are one broad category of textile products that are beyond our imagination. Currently, biotextiles have been routinely utilized in various biomedical fields, like daily protection, wound healing, tissue regeneration, drug delivery, and sensing, to improve the health and medical conditions of individuals. However, these biotextiles are commonly manufactured with fibers with diameters on the micrometer scale (> 10 μm). Recently, nanofibrous materials have aroused extensive attention in the fields of fiber science and textile engineering because the fibers with nanoscale diameters exhibited obviously superior performances, such as size and surface/interface effects as well as optical, electrical, mechanical, and biological properties, compared to microfibers. A combination of innovative electrospinning techniques and traditional textile-forming strategies opens a new window for the generation of nanofibrous biotextiles to renew and update traditional microfibrous biotextiles. In the last two decades, the conventional electrospinning device has been widely modified to generate nanofiber yarns (NYs) with the fiber diameters less than 1000 nm. The electrospun NYs can be further employed as the primary processing unit for manufacturing a new generation of nano-textiles using various textile-forming strategies. In this review, starting from the basic information of conventional electrospinning techniques, we summarize the innovative electrospinning strategies for NY fabrication and critically discuss their advantages and limitations. This review further covers the progress in the construction of electrospun NY-based nanotextiles and their recent applications in biomedical fields, mainly including surgical sutures, various scaffolds and implants for tissue engineering, smart wearable bioelectronics, and their current and potential applications in the COVID-19 pandemic. At the end, this review highlights and identifies the future needs and opportunities of electrospun NYs and NY-based nanotextiles for clinical use.
| 80,716 | [
-0.06903076171875,
-0.470703125,
-0.46826171875,
0.7041015625,
-0.59912109375,
-0.2218017578125,
-0.2548828125,
-0.408203125,
0.744140625,
0.80517578125,
0.4921875,
-0.70947265625,
0.140380859375,
-0.492919921875,
-0.51708984375,
0.52099609375,
-0.2109375,
-0.7373046875,
-0.20166... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
BSA Hydrogel Beads Functionalized with a Specific Aptamer Library for Capturing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Serum and Blood
Systemic blood stream infections are a major threat to human health and are dramatically increasing worldwide. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a WHO-alerted multi-resistant pathogen of extreme importance as a cause of sepsis. Septicemia patients have significantly increased survival chances if sepsis is diagnosed in the early stages. Affinity materials can not only represent attractive tools for specific diagnostics of pathogens in the blood but can prospectively also serve as the technical foundation of therapeutic filtration devices. Based on the recently developed aptamers directed against P. aeruginosa, we here present aptamer-functionalized beads for specific binding of this pathogen in blood samples. These aptamer capture beads (ACBs) are manufactured by crosslinking bovine serum albumin (BSA) in an emulsion and subsequent functionalization with the amino-modified aptamers on the bead surface using the thiol- and amino-reactive bispecific crosslinker PEG(4)-SPDP. Specific and quantitative binding of P. aeruginosa as the dedicated target of the ACBs was demonstrated in serum and blood. These initial but promising results may open new routes for the development of ACBs as a platform technology for fast and reliable diagnosis of bloodstream infections and, in the long term, blood filtration techniques in the fight against sepsis.
| 80,880 | [
0.122314453125,
-0.01013946533203125,
0.03509521484375,
0.86865234375,
-0.40576171875,
0.236083984375,
-0.193359375,
-0.037933349609375,
0.89697265625,
0.50390625,
0.1329345703125,
-0.59375,
0.127685546875,
-0.5615234375,
-0.42578125,
0.05401611328125,
-0.3505859375,
-0.7392578125,... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Microbial nanowires.
In this Quick guide, Derek Lovley introduces microbial nanowires-conductive extracellular appendages made by some bacteria and archaea.
| 80,895 | [
-0.135986328125,
0.11114501953125,
-0.439208984375,
0.2127685546875,
-0.130615234375,
0.399169921875,
0.32568359375,
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0.91796875,
0.50537109375,
1.1015625,
-0.90234375,
0.288330078125,
-0.81982421875,
-0.806640625,
0.280517578125,
0.223388671875,
-0.92919921875,
... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Synthesis of three-dimensional hierarchical furball-like tungsten trioxide microspheres for high performance supercapacitor electrodes.
A hierarchical furball-like WO3 electrode material, based on stainless-steel mesh, was successfully synthesized via a simple in situ hydrothermal method. The electrode materials obtained are made from a self-assembled nanorod core and a connected/quasi-connected nano-thorn network shell, and could help utilize all the surface or near-surface regions for faradaic reaction. Furthermore, the furball-like WO3 special microstructure provides a more effective charge storage area, exhibiting a high specific capacitance of 8.35 F cm-2 and excellent cycling stability (93.4% of its initial value after 10 000 cycles). These performances indicate this furball-like WO3 material would be a promising candidate for high performance supercapacitors.
| 80,970 | [
-0.492919921875,
0.438720703125,
0.09625244140625,
0.34423828125,
-0.319091796875,
0.0684814453125,
-0.11865234375,
0.0665283203125,
0.395751953125,
0.310791015625,
0.74462890625,
-0.492431640625,
0.94873046875,
-1.548828125,
-0.513671875,
0.6083984375,
-0.059417724609375,
-0.31640... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
An overview of nanomaterial-based novel disinfection technologies for harmful microorganisms: Mechanism, synthesis, devices and application
Harmful microorganism (e.g., new coronavirus) based infection is the most important security concern in life sciences and healthcare. This article aims to provide a state-of-the-art review on the development of advanced technology based on nanomaterial disinfection/sterilization techniques (NDST) for the first time including the nanomaterial types, disinfection techniques, bactericidal devices, sterilization products, and application scenarios (i.e., water, air, medical healthcare), with particular brief account of bactericidal behaviors referring to varied systems. In this emerging research area spanning the years from 1998 to 2021, total of ~200 publications selected for the type of review paper and research articles were reviewed. Four typical functional materials (namely type of metal/metal oxides, S-based, C-based, and N-based) with their development progresses in disinfection/sterilization are summarized with a list of synthesis and design. Among them, the widely used silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered as the most effective bacterial agents in the type of nanomaterials at present and has been reported for inactivation of viruses, fungi, protozoa. Some methodologies against (1) disinfection by-products (DBPs) in traditional sterilization, (2) noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) agglomeration and release, (3) toxic metal leaching, (4) solar spectral response broadening, and (5) photogenerated e-/h+ pairs recombination are reviewed and discussed in this field, namely (1) alternative techniques and nanomaterials, (2) supporter anchoring effect, (3) nonmetal functional nanomaterials, (4) element doping, and (5) heterojunction constructing. The feasible strategies in the perspective of NDST are proposed to involve (1) non-noble metal disinfectors, (2) multi-functional nanomaterials, (3) multi-component nanocomposite innovation, and (4) hybrid techniques for disinfection/sterilization system. It is promising to achieve 100% bactericidal efficiency for 108 CFU/mL within a short time of less than 30 min.
| 81,000 | [
-0.3046875,
-0.04052734375,
0.0277099609375,
0.361083984375,
-0.54052734375,
0.1834716796875,
-0.5390625,
0.07989501953125,
0.499755859375,
0.9111328125,
0.12359619140625,
-0.2337646484375,
0.406982421875,
-0.73828125,
-0.671875,
-0.39208984375,
-0.36376953125,
-0.83935546875,
-0... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
The inhibiting effects of organic acids on arsenic immobilization by ferrihydrite: Gallic acid as an example
Organic acids usually compete the immobilization of As by iron (hydro)oxides, but their oxidizing effects are ignored. Therefore, the gallic acid (GA) with strong redox activity was chosen to investigate the influence of arsenite [As(III)] oxidation on As immobilization by ferrihydrite. Our results found that the As amount adsorbed on ferrihydrite decreased with the pH rising from 5 to 9 in the presence of GA, and the adsorption amount (28.8â¯gâ¯kg-1) at pH 9 was 45.1% lower than that in the absence of GA. Meanwhile, the As adsorption amounts in treatments of GA addition before As (Fh-GA-As(III)) were significantly lower than that in their corresponding simultaneous addition (Fh-As(III)/GA). The proportions of As(V)/Astotal on ferrihydrite and in equilibrium suspension were increased as the pH increased in the presence of GA, and the highest oxidation efficiency of As(III) by GA at pH 9 was 90.3%, which was mainly due to the contribution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 52.6%) and semiquinone radicals (SQ-, 27.1%). In general, the oxidation and competition adsorption of As by GA inhibited the As immobilization by ferrihydrite, and the oxidation of As(III) by GA was strongly dependent on pH, while H2O2 and SQ- were demonstrated as the main oxidant at pH 9.
| 81,036 | [
-0.64208984375,
0.168701171875,
0.01123046875,
0.6201171875,
-0.499755859375,
-0.0362548828125,
-0.1297607421875,
-0.0379638671875,
0.392333984375,
0.60693359375,
0.1754150390625,
-0.455078125,
0.329833984375,
-1.267578125,
-0.2464599609375,
0.233154296875,
-0.306640625,
-0.5219726... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Antibody Micropatterned Lubricant-Infused Biosensors Enable Sub-Picogram Immunofluorescence Detection of Interleukin 6 in Human Whole Plasma.
Recent studies have shown a correlation between elevated interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations and the risk of respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, detection of IL-6 at low concentrations permits early diagnosis of worst-case outcome in viral respiratory infections. Here, a versatile biointerface is presented that eliminates nonspecific adhesion and thus enables immunofluorescence detection of IL-6 in whole human plasma or whole human blood during coagulation, down to a limit of detection of 0.5 pg mL-1 . The sensitivity of the developed lubricant-infused biosensor for immunofluorescence assays in detecting low molecular weight proteins such as IL-6 is facilitated by i) producing a bioink in which the capture antibody is functionalized by an epoxy-based silane for covalent linkage to the fluorosilanized surface and ii) suppressing nonspecific adhesion by patterning the developed bioink into a lubricant-infused coating. The developed biosensor addresses one of the major challenges for biosensing in complex fluids, namely nonspecific adhesion, therefore paving the way for highly sensitive biosensing in complex fluids.
| 81,058 | [
-0.09686279296875,
0.114013671875,
0.125732421875,
0.427734375,
-0.52294921875,
-0.256591796875,
-0.355224609375,
-0.11859130859375,
0.192626953125,
0.5263671875,
-0.134033203125,
-0.2073974609375,
0.274169921875,
-0.435302734375,
-0.364990234375,
0.818359375,
-0.239990234375,
-0.3... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Comprehensive review of the recent advances in PV/T system with loop-pipe configuration and nanofluid
Abstract Solar photovoltaic/thermal technology has been widely utilized in building service area as it generates thermal and electrical energy simultaneously. In order to improve the photovoltaic/thermal system performance, nanofluids are employed as the thermal fluid owing to its high thermal conductivity. This paper summarizes the state-of-the-art of the photovoltaic/thermal systems with different loop-pipe configurations (including heat pipe, vacuum tube, roll-bond, heat exchanger, micro-channel, U-tube, triangular tube and heat mat) and nanoparticles (including Copper-oxide, Aluminium-oxide, Silicon carbide, Tribute, Magnesium-oxide, Cerium-oxide, Tungsten-oxide, Titanium-oxide, Zirconia-oxide, Graphene and Carbon). The influences of the critical parameters like nanoparticle optical and thermal properties, volume fraction, mass flux and mass flow rates, on the photovoltaic/thermal system performance are for the optimum energy efficiency. Furthermore, the structure and manufacturing of solar cells, micro-thermometry analysis of solar cells and recycling process of photovoltaic panels are explored. At the end, the standpoints, recommendations and potential future development on the solar photovoltaic/thermal system with various configurations and nanofluids are deliberated to overcome the barriers and challenges for the practical application. This study demonstrates that the advanced photovoltaic/thermal configuration could improve the system energy efficiency approximately 15%–30% in comparison with the conventional type whereas the nanofluid is able to boost the efficiency around 10%–20% compared to that with traditional working fluid.
| 81,221 | [
-0.6796875,
0.3583984375,
-0.053466796875,
0.85302734375,
-0.67578125,
-0.2078857421875,
-0.355712890625,
-0.1676025390625,
0.71435546875,
0.81396484375,
0.7265625,
-0.1800537109375,
0.58203125,
-0.99462890625,
-0.4091796875,
0.0295867919921875,
-0.234130859375,
-0.7431640625,
-0... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Colorimetric Diagnostic Capillary Enabled by Size Sieving in a Porous Hydrogel
Handy and disposable point-of-care diagnostics facilitate the early screening of severe diseases in resource-limited areas. To address urgent needs in inconvenient sites, a simple colorimetric diagnostic device equipped with a capillary tube with porous hydrogel and immunocomplex particles was developed for the rapid detection of biomarkers (16 min). In this device, probe particles attach to capture particles (dp = 40 µm) and form sandwiched immunocomplexes in the presence of target biomarkers, and a red color progressively emerges when the sandwiched immunocomplex particles are blocked by the porous hydrogel embedded inside the glass capillary. Colorimetric aggregation was recorded using a smartphone and analyzed with imaging software. The limit of detection reached 1 ng/mL and showed a maximum of 79% accuracy compared with that obtained through a conventional spectrophotometric technique. The level of a diabetic retinopathy (DR) biomarker, lipocalin-1 (LCN-1), was measured in 1 µL of a human tear sample and used in testing the practicability of the proposed device. All healthy subjects showed lower intensity levels than the other diabetic counterparts (proliferative DR or nonproliferative DR patients), implying the potential of this device in clinical applications. Overall, the diagnostic device facilitates point-of-care-testing and provides a low-cost (~1 USD), compact, and reliable tool for early diagnosis in resource-limited areas.
| 81,265 | [
-0.0924072265625,
0.1864013671875,
0.05145263671875,
0.83984375,
-0.685546875,
-0.11614990234375,
-0.193115234375,
0.051177978515625,
0.485595703125,
0.68359375,
0.211181640625,
-0.316162109375,
0.410888671875,
-0.300537109375,
-0.203857421875,
0.0306854248046875,
-0.0673828125,
-0... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Understanding the Functional Properties of Lipid Heterogeneity in Pulmonary Surfactant Monolayers at the Atomistic Level
Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of lipids and proteins lining the interior of the alveoli, and constitutes the first barrier to both oxygen and pathogens as they progress toward blood circulation. Despite decades of study, the behavior of the pulmonary surfactant at the molecular scale is poorly understood, which hinders the development of effective surfactant replacement therapies, useful in the treatment of several lung-related diseases. In this work, we combined all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, Langmuir trough measurements, and AFM imaging to study synthetic four-component lipid monolayers designed to model protein-free pulmonary surfactant. We characterized the structural and dynamic properties of the monolayers with a special focus on lateral heterogeneity. Remarkably, simulations reproduce almost quantitatively the experimental data on pressure-area isotherms and the presence of lateral heterogeneities highlighted by AFM. Quite surprisingly, the pressure-area isotherms do not show a plateau region, despite the presence of liquid-condensed nanometer-sized domains at surface pressures larger than 20 mN/m. In the simulations, the liquid-condensed domains were small and transient, but they did not coalesce to yield a separate phase. They were only slightly enriched in DPPC and cholesterol, and their chemical composition remained very similar to the overall composition of the monolayer membrane. Instead, they differed from liquid-expanded regions in terms of membrane thickness (in agreement with AFM data), diffusion rates, as well as acyl chain packing and orientation. We hypothesize that such lateral heterogeneities are crucial for lung surfactant function, as they allow both efficient packing, to achieve low surface tension, and sufficient fluidity, critical for rapid adsorption to the air–liquid interface during the breathing cycle.
| 81,343 | [
-0.1441650390625,
0.050872802734375,
0.1142578125,
0.498291015625,
-0.1973876953125,
-0.12091064453125,
-0.356689453125,
0.1673583984375,
0.308837890625,
0.83544921875,
0.3349609375,
-0.6162109375,
0.09246826171875,
-0.66845703125,
-0.55419921875,
0.728515625,
0.055816650390625,
-0... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
The Prebiotic Provenance of Semi-Aqueous Solvents
The numerous and varied roles of phosphorylated organic molecules in biochemistry suggest they may have been important to the origin of life. The prominence of phosphorylated molecules presents a conundrum given that phosphorylation is a thermodynamically unfavorable, endergonic process in water, and most natural sources of phosphate are poorly soluble. We recently demonstrated that a semi-aqueous solvent consisting of urea, ammonium formate, and water (UAFW) supports the dissolution of phosphate and the phosphorylation of nucleosides. However, the prebiotic feasibility and robustness of the UAFW system are unclear. Here, we study the UAFW system as a medium in which phosphate minerals are potentially solubilized. Specifically, we conduct a series of chemical experiments alongside thermodynamic models that simulate the formation of ammonium formate from the hydrolysis of hydrogen cyanide, and demonstrate the stability of formamide in such solvents (as an aqueous mixture). The dissolution of hydroxylapatite requires a liquid medium, and we investigate whether a UAFW system is solid or liquid over varied conditions, finding that this characteristic is controlled by the molar ratios of the three components. For liquid UAFW mixtures, we also find the solubility of phosphate is higher when the quantity of ammonium formate is greater than urea. We suggest the urea within the system can lower the activity of water, help create a stable and persistent solution, and may act as a condensing agent/catalyst to improve nucleoside phosphorylation yields.
| 81,475 | [
-0.33544921875,
-0.10992431640625,
0.2958984375,
0.4775390625,
-1.0458984375,
0.016265869140625,
-0.297119140625,
0.25048828125,
0.1661376953125,
0.6533203125,
0.467041015625,
-0.8798828125,
0.5595703125,
-0.6865234375,
-0.57666015625,
0.377197265625,
0.201416015625,
-0.53173828125... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
In Situ Transesterification of Microbial Biomass for Biolubricant Production Catalyzed by Heteropolyacid Supported on Niobium
Lubricants are substances of the foremost importance in the modern world, as they are essential to the proper functioning of various mechanisms. Most lubricants, however, are still made from petroleum fractions. I light of this, and due to various environmental problems, the search for feasible biolubricants has become essential. This study obtained biolubricants through the in situ transesterification of microbial biomass, containing at least 20 wt% of lipids. The following two distinct biomasses were evaluated: the marine microalgae, Dunaliella salina, and the consortium of microalgae-fungi, Scenedesmus obliquus and Mucor circinelloides. Microbial oil from both biomasses presented a fatty acid profile with high amounts of oleic acid. The oil of D. salina had a lower content of polyunsaturated fatty acids relative to the microbial consortium profile, which indicates that this is a good configuration for increasing biolubricant oxidation resistance. The catalyst used was a Keggin-structure heteropolyacid supported on niobium, H3PMo12O40/Nb2O5, activated at 150 °C, which had high transesterification yields, notwithstanding the feedstocks, which were rich in free fatty acids. The performed transesterification reactions resulted in excellent yields, up to 97.58% and 96.80%, for marine microalgae and the consortium, respectively, after 6 h at 250 °C, with 10 wt% of catalyst (related to the lipid amount). As such, the (H3PMo12O40/Nb2O5) catalyst could become an attractive option for producing biolubricants from microbial biomass.
| 81,561 | [
-0.0791015625,
0.3515625,
0.0706787109375,
0.1697998046875,
-0.45703125,
0.3427734375,
-0.309326171875,
0.031463623046875,
0.2264404296875,
0.386474609375,
0.294677734375,
-0.75146484375,
0.646484375,
-0.89501953125,
0.09539794921875,
0.422607421875,
-0.056182861328125,
-0.81396484... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Mannitol Polymorphs as Carrier in DPIs Formulations: Isolation Characterization and Performance
The search for best performing carriers for dry powder inhalers is getting a great deal of interest to overcome the limitations posed by lactose. The aerosolization of adhesive mixtures between a carrier and a micronized drug is strongly influenced by the carrier solid-state properties. This work aimed at crystallizing kinetically stable D-mannitol polymorphs and at investigating their aerosolization performance when used in adhesive mixtures with two model drugs (salbutamol sulphate, SS, and budesonide, BUD) using a median and median/high resistance inhaler. A further goal was to assess in vitro the cytocompatibility of the produced polymer-doped mannitol polymorphs toward two lung epithelial cell lines. Kinetically stable (up to 12 months under accelerate conditions) α, and δ mannitol forms were crystallized in the presence of 2% w/w PVA and 1% w/w PVP respectively. These solid phases were compared with the β form and lactose as references. The solid-state properties of crystallized mannitol significantly affected aerosolization behavior, with the δ form affording the worst fine particle fraction with both the hydrophilic (9.3 and 6.5%) and the lipophilic (19.6 and 32%) model drugs, while α and β forms behaved in the same manner (11–13% for SS; 53–58% for BUD) and better than lactose (8 and 13% for SS; 26 and 39% for BUD). Recrystallized mannitol, but also PVA and PVP, proved to be safe excipients toward lung cell lines. We concluded that, also for mannitol, the physicochemical properties stemming from different crystal structures represent a tool for modulating carrier-drug interaction and, in turn, aerosolization performance.
| 81,645 | [
-0.1640625,
-0.346435546875,
-0.035247802734375,
0.52783203125,
-0.142578125,
-0.004116058349609375,
-0.328125,
0.18701171875,
0.313720703125,
0.1866455078125,
0.16259765625,
-0.316650390625,
0.572265625,
-0.74658203125,
-0.416015625,
0.79931640625,
-0.30908203125,
-0.6220703125,
... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Collagen/Chitosan Functionalization of Complex 3D Structures Fabricated by Laser Direct Writing via Two-Photon Polymerization for Enhanced Osteogenesis.
The fabrication of 3D microstructures is under continuous development for engineering bone substitutes. Collagen/chitosan (Col/CT) blends emerge as biomaterials that meet the mechanical and biological requirements associated with bone tissue. In this work, we optimize the osteogenic effect of 3D microstructures by their functionalization with Col/CT blends with different blending ratios. The structures were fabricated by laser direct writing via two-photons polymerization of IP-L780 photopolymer. They comprised of hexagonal and ellipsoidal units 80 µm in length, 40 µm in width and 14 µm height, separated by 20 µm pillars. Structures' functionalization was achieved via dip coating in Col/CT blends with specific blending ratios. The osteogenic role of Col/CT functionalization of the 3D structures was confirmed by biological assays concerning the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin secretion as osteogenic markers and Alizarin Red (AR) as dye for mineral deposits in osteoblast-like cells seeded on the structures. The structures having ellipsoidal units showed the best results, but the trends were similar for both ellipsoidal and hexagonal units. The strongest osteogenic effect was obtained for Col/CT blending ratio of 20/80, as demonstrated by the highest ALP activity, osteocalcin secretion and AR staining intensity in the seeded cells compared to all the other samples.
| 81,708 | [
0.05902099609375,
-0.368408203125,
0.28759765625,
0.460205078125,
-0.418701171875,
-0.047119140625,
-0.732421875,
0.09112548828125,
0.54541015625,
0.591796875,
0.271728515625,
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0.212890625,
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-0.47509765625,
0.316162109375,
-0.1729736328125,
-0.6533203125,... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
THz sensing of CoViD-19 disinfecting products using photonic crystal fiber
Methanol and Benzene are two volatile impurities that can be adulterate into Ethanol to make hand sanitizes, putting the disinfection practices at risk. In this paper, an optical fiber-based Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) sensor is developed to offer low loss and increased sensitivity concurrently in order to detect volatile contaminants combined with Ethanol in an efficient and safe manner. In the PCF, both the core and cladding area, rectangular air holes are utilized, and an absorbing layer, PML, is imposed to investigate a variety of optical characteristics. To quantify the exhibition of the recommended fiber sensor, Finite Element Method (FEM) framework is utilized. The simulation results on the proposed sensor model exhibit very gratifying results on the Relative Sensitivity (RS) as 99.15%, 99.36% and 99.41% confinement loss as 5 × 10−17 dB/cm, 2 × 10−16 dB/cm and 1.17 × 10−17 dB/cm, EML as 0.00065 cm−1, 0.00085 cm−1 and 0.00068 cm−1 for Ethanol, Methanol and Benzene, respectively at 2.2 THz frequency regime. Physical insights into the proposed fiber were also highlighted. The current manufacturing techniques are capable of producing the sensor we proposed. This PCF sensor is applicable to a larger variety of chemical, gas, and bio-sensing applications. © 2021 The Authors
| 81,733 | [
-0.55859375,
-0.16064453125,
-0.02618408203125,
0.67578125,
-0.6669921875,
-0.10882568359375,
-0.609375,
-0.354736328125,
0.03173828125,
0.83203125,
0.15625,
-0.75341796875,
0.39453125,
-1.0478515625,
-0.57373046875,
0.321044921875,
-0.0567626953125,
-0.89306640625,
-0.3068847656... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Rheological study of structural transitions in triblock copolymers in a liquid crystal solvent.
Rheological properties of triblock copolymers dissolved in a nematic liquid crystal (LC) solvent demonstrate that their microphase separated structure is heavily influenced by changes in LC order. Nematic gels were created by swelling a well-defined, high molecular weight ABA block copolymer with the small-molecule nematic LC solvent 4-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (5CB). The "B" midblock is a side-group liquid crystal polymer (SGLCP) designed to be soluble in 5CB and the "A" endblocks are polystyrene, which is LC-phobic and microphase separates to produce a physically cross-linked, thermoreversible, macroscopic polymer network. At sufficiently low polymer concentration a plateau modulus in the nematic phase, characteristic of a gel, abruptly transitions to terminal behavior when the gel is heated into its isotropic phase. In more concentrated gels, endblock aggregates persist into the isotopic phase. Dramatic changes in network structure are observed over small temperature windows (as little as 1 °C) due to tccche rapidly changing LC order near the isotropization point. The discontinuous change in solvent quality produces an abrupt change in viscoelastic properties for three polymers having different pendant mesogenic groups and matched block lengths.
| 81,772 | [
0.1236572265625,
0.40966796875,
-0.1876220703125,
0.5498046875,
-0.364990234375,
0.050872802734375,
-0.309326171875,
-0.11248779296875,
0.1737060546875,
0.86474609375,
0.278564453125,
-0.159423828125,
0.1226806640625,
-0.84423828125,
-0.218505859375,
0.92333984375,
0.11639404296875,
... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Electroactive intercalators for DNA analysis on microchip electrophoresis
Miniaturized analytical systems, especially microchip CE (MCE), are becoming a promising tool for analytical purposes including DNA analysis. These microdevices require a sensitive and miniaturizable detection system such as electrochemical detection (ED). Several electroactive DNA intercalators, including the organic dye methylene blue (MB), anthraquinone derivatives, and the metal complexes Fe(phen)(3) (2+) and Ru(phen)(3) (2+), have been tested for using in combination with thermoplastic olefin polymer of amorphous structure (Topas) CE‐microchips and ED. Two end‐channel approaches for integration of gold wire electrodes in CE‐ED microchip were used. A 250 μm diameter gold wire was manually aligned at the outlet of the separation channel. A new approach based on a guide channel for integration of 100 and 50 μm diameter gold wire has been also developed in order to reduce the background current and the baseline noise level. Modification of gold wire electrodes has been also tested to improve the detector performance. Application of MCE‐ED for ssDNA detection has been studied and demonstrated for the first time using the electroactive dye MB. Electrostatic interaction between cationic MB and anionic ssDNA was used for monitoring the DNA on microchips. Thus, reproducible calibration curves for ssDNA were obtained. This study advances the feasibility of direct DNA analysis using CE‐microchip with ED.
| 81,794 | [
-0.4365234375,
-0.02435302734375,
0.03857421875,
0.63525390625,
-0.69091796875,
0.114990234375,
-0.77783203125,
-0.1292724609375,
0.64208984375,
0.986328125,
0.1055908203125,
-0.375732421875,
0.0843505859375,
-0.67724609375,
-0.57421875,
0.2486572265625,
-0.06597900390625,
-0.51025... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
In situ AP-XPS analysis of a Pt thin-film sensor for highly sensitive H2 detection.
In situ ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) combined with resistivity measurement was performed for a Pt thin-film H2 gas sensor. We experimentally demonstrate that the chemical state of the Pt surface changes under working conditions, and it directly links to the sensing performance. Moreover, the operating principle is discussed at the atomic scale.
| 81,930 | [
-0.459228515625,
0.130859375,
0.212158203125,
0.0188140869140625,
-0.1981201171875,
0.01337432861328125,
-0.66259765625,
-0.373779296875,
0.8857421875,
0.35498046875,
0.342041015625,
-0.41650390625,
0.47998046875,
-0.95263671875,
-0.27197265625,
0.401123046875,
0.1170654296875,
-0.... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
A polymer-based chemical tongue for the non-invasive monitoring of osteogenic stem-cell differentiation by pattern recognition of serum-supplemented spent media.
The development of non-invasive techniques to characterize cultured cells is invaluable not only to ensure the reproducibility of cell research, but also for quality assurance of industrial cell products for purposes such as regenerative medicine. Here, we present a polymer-based 'chemical tongue', i.e., a biosensing technique that mimics the human taste system, that is capable of non-invasively generating fluorescence response patterns that reflect the proteins secreted, and also partially consumed, by cultured cells, even from serum-supplemented media containing abundant interferants. Analysis of the spent media collected during cell culture using our chemical tongue, which consists of cationic polymers of different scaffolds appended with environmentally responsive dansyl fluorophores, led to the successful (i) identification of human-derived cell lines, (ii) monitoring of the differentiation process of stem cells, even at the stage when conventional staining was negative, and (iii) detection of cancer-cell contamination in stem cells. Since the characterization of cultured cells is usually performed via invasive methods that result in cell death, our chemical-tongue approach, which is of high practical utility, will offer a new means of addressing the growing demand for highly controlled cell production in the medical and environmental fields.
| 81,956 | [
-0.3193359375,
-0.167724609375,
-0.313232421875,
0.5009765625,
-0.53857421875,
-0.08636474609375,
-0.3203125,
-0.064697265625,
0.434814453125,
0.83447265625,
0.41796875,
-0.439697265625,
0.402099609375,
-0.60009765625,
-0.2413330078125,
0.13037109375,
-0.261474609375,
-0.8481445312... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
A long side chain imidazolium-based graft-type anion-exchange membrane: novel electrolyte and alkaline-durable properties and structural elucidation using SANS contrast variation.
Newly designed styrylimidazolium-based grafted anion-exchange membranes (StIm-AEMs), in which imidazolium ionic groups are attached to styrene at the far side from the graft chains, were prepared by radiation-induced graft polymerization of p-(2-imidazoliumyl) styrene onto poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoloethylene) (ETFE) films, followed by N-alkylation and ion-exchange reactions. StIm-AEM having an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 0.54 mmol g-1 with a grafting degree (GD) of ∼18%, possesses practical conductivity (>50 mS cm-1) even with a very low water uptake (∼10%) and high stability over 600 h in a 1 M KOH solution at 80 °C. There exists a critical IEC (IECc) in the range of 0.7-0.8 mmol g-1 over which the membrane showed high water uptake, which resulted in pronounced susceptibility to hydrolysis. Using small-angle neutron scattering technique with a contrast variation method, we found the hydrophilic phase in StIm-AEMs with IECs lower and higher than IECc shows "reverse-micelles" with water domains dispersed in the polymer matrix and "micelles" with graft polymer aggregates dispersed in the water matrix, respectively. The further analysis of micelle structures using the hard-sphere liquid model and Porod limit analysis reveals that the interfacial structures of ionic groups are essential for the electrochemical properties and durability of StIm-AEMs. In addition, StIm-AEM with an IEC of 0.95 mmol g-1 and the maximum power density of 80 mW cm-2 in the hydrazine hydrate fuel cell test, exhibited long-term durability under constant current (8.0 mA) up to 455 h, which, thus far, is the best durability at 80 °C for platinum-free alkaline-type liquid fuel cells.
| 82,229 | [
0.0069580078125,
0.3173828125,
-0.2763671875,
0.485595703125,
-0.6298828125,
0.54541015625,
-0.25927734375,
-0.1966552734375,
0.499267578125,
0.314208984375,
0.50244140625,
-0.13330078125,
0.26318359375,
-0.74951171875,
-0.486083984375,
0.41357421875,
0.12841796875,
-0.5009765625,
... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Wave propagation in micromorphic anisotropic continua with an application to tetragonal crystals
We study the coupled macroscopic and lattice wave propagation in anisotropic crystals seen as continua with affine microstructure (or micromorphic). In the general case we obtain qualitative informations on the frequencies and the dispersion realtions. These results are then specialized to crystals of the tetragonal point group for various propagation directions: exact representation for the acoustic and optic frequencies and for the coupled vibrations modes are obtained for propagation directions along the tetragonal c-axis.
| 82,253 | [
-0.005657196044921875,
0.2978515625,
-0.09161376953125,
0.418701171875,
-0.572265625,
0.2216796875,
0.09893798828125,
0.033905029296875,
0.35498046875,
0.83837890625,
0.366943359375,
-0.00005263090133666992,
0.2049560546875,
-0.8603515625,
-0.6708984375,
0.72021484375,
-0.24353027343... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Cadmium-Doped Zinc Sulfide Shell as a Hole Injection Springboard for Red, Green, and Blue Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes.
A new strategy is developed in which cadmium-doped zinc sulfide (CdZnS) is used as the outermost shell to synthesize red, green, and blue (RGB) quantum dots (QDs) with the core/shell structures of CdZnSe/ZnSe/ZnS/CdZnS, CdZnSe/ZnSe/ZnSeS/CdZnS, and CdZnSe/ZnSeS/ZnS/CdZnS, respectively. Firstly, the inner ZnS and ZnSe shells confine the excitons inside the cores of QDs and provide a better lattice matching with respect to the outermost shell, which ensures high photoluminescence quantum yields of QDs. Secondly, the CdZnS shell affords its QDs with shallow valence bands (VBs). Therefore, the CdZnS shell could be used as a springboard, which decreases the energy barrier for hole injection from polymers to QDs to be below 1.0 eV. It makes the holes to be easily injected into the QD EMLs and enables a balanced recombination of charge carriers in quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). Thirdly, the RGB QLEDs made by these new QDs exhibit peak external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 20.2%, 19.2%, and 8.4%, respectively. In addition, the QLEDs exhibit unexpected luminance values at low applied voltages and therefore high power efficiencies. From these results, it is evident that CdZnS could act as an excellent shell and hole injection springboard to afford high performance QLEDs.
| 82,261 | [
-0.75927734375,
-0.43212890625,
0.1279296875,
0.06884765625,
-0.8681640625,
-0.114501953125,
-0.9912109375,
0.1551513671875,
0.0528564453125,
0.919921875,
0.2354736328125,
-0.501953125,
0.52685546875,
-0.9345703125,
-0.08740234375,
0.12127685546875,
0.162109375,
-0.37646484375,
-... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
A Numerical Investigation of Analyte Size Effects in Nanopore Sensing Systems
We investigate the ionic current modulation in DNA nanopore translocation setups by numerically solving the electrokinetic mean-field equations for an idealized model. Specifically, we study the dependence of the ionic current on the relative length of the translocating molecule. Our simulations show a significantly smaller ionic current for DNA molecules that are shorter than the pore at low salt concentrations. These effects can be ascribed to the polarization of the ion cloud along the DNA that leads to an opposing electric dipole field. Our results for DNA shine light on the observed discrepancy between infinite pore models and experimental data on various sized DNA complexes.
| 82,265 | [
-0.259765625,
0.133544921875,
0.331787109375,
0.6025390625,
-0.66552734375,
-0.10919189453125,
-0.23095703125,
-0.283935546875,
0.1368408203125,
1.4345703125,
0.8076171875,
-0.329345703125,
0.11407470703125,
-0.671875,
-0.951171875,
0.3046875,
0.150146484375,
-0.42138671875,
-0.1... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
All-printed stretchable corneal sensor on soft contact lenses for noninvasive and painless ocular electrodiagnosis
Electroretinogram examinations serve as routine clinical procedures in ophthalmology for the diagnosis and management of many ocular diseases. However, the rigid form factor of current corneal sensors produces a mismatch with the soft, curvilinear, and exceptionally sensitive human cornea, which typically requires the use of topical anesthesia and a speculum for pain management and safety. Here we report a design of an all-printed stretchable corneal sensor built on commercially-available disposable soft contact lenses that can intimately and non-invasively interface with the corneal surface of human eyes. The corneal sensor is integrated with soft contact lenses via an electrochemical anchoring mechanism in a seamless manner that ensures its mechanical and chemical reliability. Thus, the resulting device enables the high-fidelity recording of full-field electroretinogram signals in human eyes without the need of topical anesthesia or a speculum. The device, superior to clinical standards in terms of signal quality and comfortability, is expected to address unmet clinical needs in the field of ocular electrodiagnosis.
| 82,680 | [
-0.099609375,
0.314453125,
-0.188720703125,
0.74609375,
-0.73486328125,
-0.3076171875,
-0.171630859375,
-0.22119140625,
0.32861328125,
0.666015625,
0.29541015625,
-0.7607421875,
0.279541015625,
-0.81689453125,
-0.2178955078125,
0.6005859375,
0.017608642578125,
-0.6513671875,
-0.1... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Modification of textile surfaces using nanoparticles
The application of nanotechnology on textile materials could lead to the addition of several functional properties to the base substrate. Those functional properties are of the highest importance, giving noticeable improvements in the wear comfort and care. This chapter discusses various functional properties – for example, anti-microbial, easy-care, ultraviolet-protecting and flame-retardant finishes that could be achieved by the application of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. In addition, novel applications of textile materials using nanotechnology in biological detection, decomposition of toxic gases, self-decontamination and military protection gear are discussed.
| 82,867 | [
-0.1407470703125,
-0.1082763671875,
-0.0755615234375,
0.4638671875,
-0.286376953125,
0.2276611328125,
-0.55908203125,
-0.031097412109375,
0.7578125,
0.41748046875,
0.68310546875,
-0.03466796875,
0.274658203125,
-0.56689453125,
-0.0755615234375,
0.357666015625,
-0.29541015625,
-0.74... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Combining electrochemical nitrate reduction and anammox for treatment of nitrate-rich wastewater: A short review.
Treatment of nitrate-rich wastewater is important but challenging for the conventional biological denitrification process. Here, we propose combining the electrochemical reduction and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) processes together for treatment of nitrate-rich wastewater. This article reviews the mechanism and current research status of electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonium as well as the mechanism and applicability of the anammox process. This article discusses the principles, superiorities and challenges of this combined process. The feasibility of the combined process depends on the efficiency of electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonium and the conditions in the anammox process to use the reduced ammonium as the substrate to achieve deep nitrogen removal. The article provides a feasible strategy for using the electrochemical reduction and anammox combined process to treat nitrate-rich wastewater.
| 82,947 | [
-0.2454833984375,
0.045501708984375,
-0.308349609375,
0.498779296875,
-0.38623046875,
-0.308349609375,
-0.033294677734375,
0.23876953125,
0.548828125,
1.0966796875,
0.68505859375,
-0.572265625,
0.68359375,
-0.64697265625,
-0.193603515625,
0.11419677734375,
-0.11767578125,
-0.757812... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Self-supporting carbon-rich SiOC ceramic electrodes for lithium-ion batteries and aqueous supercapacitors
Fabrication of precursor-derived ceramic fibers as electrodes for energy storage applications remains largely unexplored. Within this work, three little known polymer-derived ceramic (PDC)-based fibers are being studied systemically as potential high-capacity electrode materials for electrochemical energy devices. We report fabrication of precursor-derived SiOC fibermats via one-step spinning from various compositions of siloxane oligomers followed by stabilization and pyrolysis at 800 °C. Electron microscopy, Raman, FTIR, XPS, and NMR spectroscopies reveal transformation from polymer to ceramic stages of the various SiOC ceramic fibers. The ceramic samples are a few microns in diameter with a free carbon phase embedded in the amorphous Si-O-C structure. The free carbon phase improves the electronic conductivity and provides major sites for ion storage, whereas the Si-O-C structure contributes to high efficiency. The self-standing electrodes in lithium-ion battery half-cells deliver a charge capacity of 866 mA h gelectrode -1 with a high initial coulombic efficiency of 72%. As supercapacitor electrode, SiOC fibers maintain 100% capacitance over 5000 cycles at a current density of 3 A g-1.
| 83,034 | [
-0.336669921875,
-0.116455078125,
-0.375244140625,
0.39501953125,
-0.1630859375,
0.08575439453125,
-0.229736328125,
-0.07574462890625,
0.5478515625,
0.34716796875,
0.935546875,
-0.396728515625,
0.483642578125,
-1.0380859375,
-0.5595703125,
0.71240234375,
0.08392333984375,
-0.340576... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
In situ decoration of Au NPs over polydopamine encapsulated GO/Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a recyclable nanocatalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes
A new and efficient catalyst has been designed and prepared via in situ immobilization of Au NPs fabricated polydopamine (PDA)-shelled Fe3O4 nanoparticle anchored over graphene oxide (GO) (GO/Fe3O4@PDA/Au). This novel, architecturally interesting magnetic nanocomposite was fully characterized using different analytical techniques such as Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, elemental mapping, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Electron Spectroscopy. Catalytic activity of this material was successfully explored in the reduction of nitroarenes to their corresponding substituted anilines, using NaBH4 as reducing agent at ambient conditions. The most significant merits for this protocol were smooth and clean catalysis at room temperature with excellent productivity, sustainable conditions, ease of separation of catalyst from the reaction mixture by using a magnetic bar and most importantly reusability of the catalyst at least 8 times without any pre-activation, minimum loss of activity and considerable leaching.
| 83,271 | [
-0.287353515625,
-0.1976318359375,
-0.1505126953125,
0.08331298828125,
-0.262939453125,
-0.28857421875,
-0.666015625,
0.3125,
0.36572265625,
0.3818359375,
0.1630859375,
-0.1763916015625,
0.453857421875,
-0.59814453125,
-0.2286376953125,
0.56884765625,
0.0699462890625,
0.01136779785... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Graphene‐Assisted Synthesis of 2D Polyglycerols as Innovative Platforms for Multivalent Virus Interactions
2D nanomaterials have garnered widespread attention in biomedicine and bioengineering due to their unique physicochemical properties However, poor functionality, low solubility, intrinsic toxicity, and nonspecific interactions at biointerfaces have hampered their application in vivo Here, biocompatible polyglycerol units are crosslinked in two dimensions using a graphene‐assisted strategy leading to highly functional and water‐soluble polyglycerols nanosheets with 263 ± 53 nm and 2 7 ± 0 2 nm average lateral size and thickness, respectively A single‐layer hyperbranched polyglycerol containing azide functional groups is covalently conjugated to the surface of a functional graphene template through pH‐sensitive linkers Then, lateral crosslinking of polyglycerol units is carried out by loading tripropargylamine on the surface of graphene followed by lifting off this reagent for an on‐face click reaction Subsequently, the polyglycerol nanosheets are detached from the surface of graphene by slight acidification and centrifugation and is sulfated to mimic heparin sulfate proteoglycans To highlight the impact of the two‐dimensionality of the synthesized polyglycerol sulfate nanosheets at nanobiointerfaces, their efficiency with respect to herpes simplex virus type 1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 inhibition is compared to their 3D nanogel analogs Four times stronger in virus inhibition suggests that 2D polyglycerols are superior to their current 3D counterparts [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Advanced Functional Materials is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
| 83,293 | [
-0.0478515625,
-0.1458740234375,
0.444580078125,
0.40673828125,
-0.46435546875,
-0.1241455078125,
-0.198974609375,
-0.2705078125,
0.1102294921875,
0.701171875,
0.0202484130859375,
-0.6259765625,
0.04449462890625,
-0.6025390625,
-0.255859375,
0.266357421875,
-0.404052734375,
-0.5639... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Maximal Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation with Corona-Virions
Absorption and scattering of the impinging electromagnetic waves are the two fundamental operations describing the energy exchange of any, organic or inorganic, particle with its environment. In the case of virion cells, substantial extinction power, counting both absorbing and scattering effects, is a prerequisite for performing a variety of coupling actions against the viral particles and, thus, a highly sought-after feature. By considering realistic dispersion for the dielectric permittivity of proteins and a core-shell modeling allowing for rigorous formulation via Mie theory, we report optical extinction resonances for corona-virions at mid-infrared range that are not significantly perturbed by changes in the objects size or the background host. Our findings indicate the optimal regime for interaction of photonic radiation with viral particles and may assist towards the development of equipment for thermal damage, disintegration or neutralization of coronavirus cells.
| 83,301 | [
-0.279541015625,
-0.18017578125,
-0.0192108154296875,
0.27490234375,
-0.327392578125,
-0.411376953125,
-0.7451171875,
0.331787109375,
0.09527587890625,
0.8232421875,
0.2646484375,
0.1925048828125,
0.173583984375,
-0.36328125,
-0.376708984375,
-0.0304412841796875,
-0.08514404296875,
... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Sensing Using Light: A Key Area of Sensors
This invited featured paper offers a Doctrinal Conception of sensing using Light (SuL) as an “umbrella” in which any sensing approach using Light Sciences and Technologies can be easily included. The key requirements of a sensing system will be quickly introduced by using a bottom-up methodology. Thanks to this, it will be possible to get a general conception of a sensor using Light techniques and know some related issues, such as its main constituted parts and types. The case in which smartness is conferred to the device is also considered. A quick “flight” over 10 significant cases using different principles, techniques, and technologies to detect diverse measurands in various sector applications is offered to illustrate this general concept. After reading this paper, any sensing approach using Light Sciences and Technologies may be easily included under the umbrella: sensing using Light or photonic sensors (PS).
| 83,437 | [
-0.140869140625,
-0.381103515625,
0.087890625,
0.29541015625,
-0.74462890625,
-0.054840087890625,
-0.51025390625,
-0.2119140625,
0.39404296875,
1.2109375,
0.3154296875,
-0.52587890625,
0.2410888671875,
-0.329345703125,
-0.54052734375,
0.2301025390625,
-0.1983642578125,
-0.379150390... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Understanding ambipolar transport in MoS2 field effect transistors: the substrate is the key.
2D materials offer a pathway for further scaling of CMOS technology. However, for this to become a reality, both n-MOS and p-MOS should be realized, ideally with the same (standard) material. In the specific case of MoS2 field effect transistors (FETs), ambipolar transport is seldom reported, primarily due to the phenomenon of Fermi level pinning (FLP). In this study we identify the possible sources of FLP in MoS2 FETs and resolve them individually. A novel contact transfer technique is used to transfer contacts on top of MoS2 flake devices that results in a significant increase in the hole branch of the transfer characteristics as compared to conventionally fabricated contacts. We hypothesize that the pinning not only comes from the contact-MoS2 interface, but also from the MoS2-substrate interface. We confirm this by shifting to an hBN substrate which leads to a 10 fold increase in the hole current compared to the SiO2 substrate. Furthermore, we analyse MoS2 FETs of different channel thickness on three different substrates, SiO2, hBN and Al2O3, by correlating the p-branch I ON/I OFF to the position of oxide defect band in these substrates. FLP from the oxide is reduced in the case of Al2O3 which enables us to observe ambipolar transport in a bilayer MoS2 FET. These results highlight that MoS2 is indeed an ambipolar material, and the absence of ambipolar transport in MoS2 FETs is strongly correlated to its dielectric environment and processing conditions.
| 83,518 | [
-0.2763671875,
0.128662109375,
0.28515625,
0.4140625,
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0.09490966796875,
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0.6181640625,
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-1.2431640625,
-0.8125,
0.50341796875,
-0.0770263671875,
-0.45361328125,
0.1007690429... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Screw-assisted 3D printing with granulated materials: a systematic review
This paper presents a systematic review on extrusion additive manufacturing (EAM), with focus on the technological development of screw-assisted systems that can be fed directly with granulated materials. Screw-assisted EAM has gained importance as an enabling technology to expand the range of 3D printing materials, reduce costs associated with feedstock fabrication, and increase the material deposition rate compared to traditional fused filament fabrication (FFF). Many experimental printheads and commercial systems that use some screw-processing mechanism can be found in the literature, but the design diversity and lack of standard terminology make it difficult to determine the most suitable solutions for a given material or application field. Besides, the few previous reviews have offered only a glimpse into the topic, without an in-depth analysis about the design of the extruders and associated capabilities. A systematic procedure was devised to identify the screw-assisted EAM systems that can print directly from granulated materials, resulting in 61 articles describing different pieces of equipment that were categorized as experimental printheads and commercial systems, for small- and large-scale applications. After describing their main characteristics, the most significant extruder modifications were discussed with reference to the materials processed and performance requirements. In the end, a general workflow for the development of 3D printers based on screw extrusion was proposed. This review intends to provide information about the state-of-the-art screw-assisted EAM and help the academy to identify further research opportunities in the field.
| 83,559 | [
-0.28955078125,
-0.1519775390625,
-0.04949951171875,
0.372802734375,
-0.410400390625,
-0.1593017578125,
-0.345458984375,
-0.39990234375,
0.39013671875,
0.84521484375,
0.5654296875,
-0.34033203125,
0.2410888671875,
-1.166015625,
-0.467041015625,
0.5126953125,
0.092041015625,
-0.6533... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Defect-free potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate cathode material for high-performance potassium-ion batteries
Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are promising electrochemical energy storage systems because of their low cost and high energy density. However, practical exploitation of KIBs is hampered by the lack of high-performance cathode materials. Here we report a potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate (K(2)Mn[Fe(CN)(6)]) material, with a negligible content of defects and water, for efficient high-voltage K-ion storage. When tested in combination with a K metal anode, the K(2)Mn[Fe(CN)(6)]-based electrode enables a cell specific energy of 609.7 Wh kg(−1) and 80% capacity retention after 7800 cycles. Moreover, a K-ion full-cell consisting of graphite and K(2)Mn[Fe(CN)(6)] as anode and cathode active materials, respectively, demonstrates a specific energy of 331.5 Wh kg(−1), remarkable rate capability, and negligible capacity decay for 300 cycles. The remarkable electrochemical energy storage performances of the K(2)Mn[Fe(CN)(6)] material are attributed to its stable frameworks that benefit from the defect-free structure.
| 83,607 | [
-0.515625,
-0.2381591796875,
-0.1258544921875,
0.60693359375,
-0.572265625,
0.17431640625,
-0.17041015625,
-0.03564453125,
0.50146484375,
0.52783203125,
0.427001953125,
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0.51318359375,
-1.0751953125,
-0.87353515625,
0.2783203125,
-0.2900390625,
-0.495361328125,
0.0670... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Development of multi-frequency impedance scanning electron microscopy
Nanometre-scale observation of specimens in water is indispensable in many scientific fields like biology, chemistry, material science and nanotechnology. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allows high-resolution images of biological samples to be obtained under high vacuum conditions but requires specific sample-preparation protocols. Therefore, there is a need for convenient and minimally invasive methods of observing samples in solution. We have developed a new type of impedance microscopy, namely multi-frequency impedance SEM (IP-SEM), which allows nanoscale imaging of various specimens in water while minimising radiation damage. By varying the frequency of the input voltage signal of the sine wave, the present system can detect dielectric properties of the sample's composition at nanometre resolution. It also enables examination of unstained biological specimens and material samples in water. Furthermore, it can be used for diverse samples in liquids across a broad range of scientific subjects such as nanoparticles, nanotubes and organic and catalytic materials.
| 83,774 | [
-0.19482421875,
-0.043670654296875,
-0.0833740234375,
-0.10516357421875,
-0.20068359375,
0.13720703125,
-0.185302734375,
-0.03607177734375,
0.56640625,
0.5302734375,
0.394775390625,
-1.09375,
0.37353515625,
-0.66015625,
-0.75830078125,
0.66064453125,
-0.166748046875,
-0.7509765625,... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Antibacterial Properties of Visible-Light-Responsive Carbon-Containing Titanium Dioxide Photocatalytic Nanoparticles against Anthrax
The bactericidal activity of conventional titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) photocatalyst is effective only on irradiation by ultraviolet light, which restricts the applications of TiO(2) for use in living environments. Recently, carbon-containing TiO(2) nanoparticles [TiO(2)(C) NP] were found to be a visible-light-responsive photocatalyst (VLRP), which displayed significantly enhanced antibacterial properties under visible light illumination. However, whether TiO(2)(C) NPs exert antibacterial properties against Bacillus anthracis remains elusive. Here, we evaluated these VLRP NPs in the reduction of anthrax-induced pathogenesis. Bacteria-killing experiments indicated that a significantly higher proportion (40%–60%) of all tested Bacillus species, including B. subtilis, B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, and B. anthracis, were considerably eliminated by TiO(2)(C) NPs. Toxin inactivation analysis further suggested that the TiO(2)(C) NPs efficiently detoxify approximately 90% of tested anthrax lethal toxin, a major virulence factor of anthrax. Notably, macrophage clearance experiments further suggested that, even under suboptimal conditions without considerable bacterial killing, the TiO(2)(C) NP-mediated photocatalysis still exhibited antibacterial properties through the reduction of bacterial resistance against macrophage killing. Our results collectively suggested that TiO(2)(C) NP is a conceptually feasible anti-anthrax material, and the relevant technologies described herein may be useful in the development of new strategies against anthrax.
| 83,877 | [
-0.21435546875,
0.057220458984375,
0.14013671875,
0.39599609375,
-0.313720703125,
0.1422119140625,
-0.73828125,
0.0865478515625,
0.342041015625,
1.00390625,
0.04071044921875,
-0.66748046875,
0.1492919921875,
-0.80615234375,
-0.552734375,
0.173828125,
-0.1314697265625,
0.02983093261... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Mesostructural study on graphenic-based carbon prepared from coconut shells by heat treatment and liquid exfoliation
In this study, the effect of heating temperature on the structure of graphenic-based carbon (GC) has been successfully investigated. A series of GC materials was prepared from coconut shells by a green synthesis method. The process includes heating at four temperatures (T = 400, 600, 800 and 1000 °C) followed by an exfoliation process assisted by hydrochloric acid (HCl). These materials were characterized by wide- and small-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS and SAXS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The WAXS analysis shows Braggs peaks corresponding to the reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-like phase. Investigations by FTIR and XPS methods show the presence of carbon-oxygen functional groups such as C=C (carbon with sp(2) hybridization), C–C (carbon with sp(3) hybridization), and C=O bonds. The sp(2) bonds form a 2-dimensional (2D) network in hexagonal lattice, while carbon with sp(3) bonds tends to form a 3-dimensional (3D) tetrahedral structure. The BET analysis revealed meso- and micro-pore structures in GC. Heating process reduces the specific surface area and increases pore size of GC. Moreover, increasing the heating temperature induces a decrease in radius of gyration (R(g)) and an increase in the formation of 2D structures in GC. The fitting results of SAXS profiles, proved by TEM and XPS, yielded the structure of GC containing the mixture of 2D and 3D structures. Thus, it is suggested that the GC has a mesostructure.
| 84,006 | [
-0.47265625,
-0.15966796875,
0.274169921875,
0.212158203125,
-0.0175933837890625,
0.351318359375,
-0.4501953125,
-0.2685546875,
0.7587890625,
0.56103515625,
0.96484375,
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-1.3232421875,
-0.5380859375,
0.3603515625,
-0.462158203125,
-0.290283203125,
0.0... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Pharmaceutical residues: New emerging contaminants and their mitigation by nano-photocatalysis
The steady growth in population has led to an enhanced water demand and immense pressure on water resources. Pharmaceutical residues (PRs) are unused or non-assimilated medicines found in water supplies that originate from the human and animal consumption of antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics etc. These have been detected recently in sewage effluents, surface water, ground water and even in drinking water. Due to their toxicity and potential hazard to the environment, humans and aquatic life, PRs are now categorized as the emerging contaminants (ECs). India figures in the top five manufacturers of medicines in the world and every third pill consumed in the world is produced in India. Present day conventional wastewater treatment methods are ineffective and don’t eliminate them completely. The use of nanotechnology via advanced oxidation processes (AOP) is one of the most effective methods for the removal of these PRs. Present study is aimed at reviewing the presence of various PRs in water supplies and also to describe the process of AOP to overcome their threat. This study is also very important in view of World Health Organization report confirming more than 30 million cases of COVID-19 worldwide.This will lead to an alleviated use of antibiotics, antipyretics etc. and their subsequent occurrence in water bodies. Need of the hour is to devise a proper treatment strategy and a decision thereof by the policymakers to overcome the possible threat to the environment and health of humans and aquatic life. © 2021 Techno-Press, Ltd
| 84,009 | [
-0.55615234375,
0.1131591796875,
0.266357421875,
0.3125,
-0.426513671875,
-0.2413330078125,
-0.280029296875,
0.2454833984375,
0.638671875,
0.67333984375,
0.295654296875,
-0.80419921875,
0.216796875,
-0.4501953125,
-0.61328125,
-0.1099853515625,
-0.079345703125,
-0.6171875,
0.0396... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Adsorption of Uremic Toxins Using Ti3C2Tx MXene for Dialysate Regeneration
The COVID-19 pandemic has become a major worldwide crisis. Although respiratory symptoms are a key feature of the disease, many people who are hospitalized with COVID-19 also suffer acute kidney injury, a condition that exacerbates patient mortality and may have to be treated through renal replacement therapy. Much of the focus on hospital capacity during the pandemic has centered on the availability of ventilators. However, supplies for dialysis treatment, including dialysate, have also run dangerously low in hospitals at the epicenter of the pandemic. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop materials that can efficiently and rapidly regenerate dialysate, removing toxins and restoring electrolyte concentrations so that this vital resource remains readily available. In this work, Ti3C2Tx, a two-dimensional transition-metal carbide (MXene) that is known to efficiently adsorb urea, was used to remove creatinine and uric acid from an aqueous solution and dialysate, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 45.7 and 17.0 mg/g, respectively. We systematically analyzed and modeled the adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics, thus determining the rate-limiting step and adsorption mechanism. A fixed-bed column loaded with Ti3C2Tx was designed to further evaluate the adsorption performance under continuous fluid-flow conditions, mirroring conditions of continuous renal replacement therapy modalities. The maximum capacity and 50% breakthrough volume were calculated to further approach the practical application of Ti3C2Tx for removal of uremic toxins. Our findings suggest that Ti3C2Tx has the potential to be used as an efficient sorbent for the regeneration of dialysate, allowing for accelerated dialysate regeneration by removing filtered toxins and leading to more portable dialysis devices.
| 84,025 | [
-0.27490234375,
0.1624755859375,
0.2919921875,
0.48583984375,
-0.630859375,
-0.1485595703125,
-0.142333984375,
-0.1627197265625,
0.494140625,
0.708984375,
0.1412353515625,
-0.53564453125,
0.29296875,
-0.66455078125,
-0.50634765625,
0.348388671875,
-0.12164306640625,
-0.6884765625,
... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Anaerobic degradation of digestate based hydrothermal carbonization products in a continuous hybrid fixed bed anaerobic filter.
This study investigates the suitability of continuous hybrid fixed bed anaerobic filter reactor for treating sewage and agro-industrial digestate hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) products; hydrochar and HTC liquor (HTCL). The reactor was operated for 300 days under mesophilic conditions at different organic loading rates (OLR); maximum OLRs of 7.4 and 10 gCOD/L/d were reached while treating HTC liquor and slurry, respectively. 15 g/L hydrochar were added to the reactor as a supplement while treating HTCL solely thus increasing the biogas production up to 153%. The reactor was fed with HTCL and hydrochar with an increasing mixing ratio, and the co-digestion impact was dependent on hydrochar concentrations. The results of the study indicate that the hybrid fixed bed anaerobic filter reactor is a promising anaerobic digestion configuration for treating HTCL and overcoming the HTC upscaling challenges, and the suitability of digestate hydrochar utilization as supplement material for anaerobic digestion.
| 84,125 | [
-0.0819091796875,
-0.00806427001953125,
0.1669921875,
0.55224609375,
-0.5166015625,
0.165283203125,
-0.11505126953125,
0.053009033203125,
0.388916015625,
0.67724609375,
0.1795654296875,
-0.419189453125,
0.666015625,
-1.1611328125,
-0.25439453125,
0.1785888671875,
-0.459716796875,
-... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Facile synthesis of dual-emission fluorescent carbon nanodots for a multifunctional probe
In this study, we developed a facile method for synthesizing dual-emission carbon nanodots (CDs) through trimesic acid and o-phenylenediamine through electrolysis for 2 h. The synthesized CDs were mainly 3–7 nm in size, with an average size of 5.17 nm. The dual-emission fluorescent property of these CDs could be observed under two different excitation wavelengths. The green emission of the CDs could be quenched after the addition of mercury ions or copper ions, and the blue emission of the CDs could be inhibited using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Furthermore, the quenched fluorescence of CDs/Cu(2+) could be recovered through the addition of glyphosate. We developed a multifunctional chemical sensor by using these special fluorescence materials. Under optimal conditions, the detection limits of mercury ions, glyphosate, and HCQ were 0.42 μM, 1.1 mg L(−1), and 0.14 μM, respectively. Moreover, this method can be used to detect mercury ions, glyphosate, and HCQ in environmental water, cereals, and urine samples, respectively.
| 84,164 | [
0.0323486328125,
-0.399169921875,
0.36376953125,
0.81396484375,
-0.88134765625,
0.2020263671875,
-0.361083984375,
0.310302734375,
0.68505859375,
0.86083984375,
0.463623046875,
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0.40087890625,
-0.40087890625,
-0.5673828125,
0.52490234375,
-0.184814453125,
-0.5693359375... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
An approach to the photocatalytic mechanism in the TiO(2)-nanomaterials microorganism interface for the control of infectious processes
The approach of this timely review considers the current literature that is focused on the interface nanostructure/cell-wall microorganism to understand the annihilation mechanism. Morphological studies use optical and electronic microscopes to determine the physical damage on the cell-wall and the possible cell lysis that confirms the viability and microorganism death. The key parameters of the tailoring the surface of the photoactive nanostructures such as the metal functionalization with bacteriostatic properties, hydrophilicity, textural porosity, morphology and the formation of heterojunction systems, can achieve the effective eradication of the microorganisms under natural conditions, ranging from practical to applications in environment, agriculture, and so on. However, to our knowledge, a comprehensive review of the microorganism/nanomaterial interface approach has rarely been conducted. The final remarks point the ideal photocatalytic way for the effective prevention/eradication of microorganisms, considering the resistance that the microorganism could develop without the appropriate regulatory aspects for human and ecosystem safety.
| 84,436 | [
-0.412841796875,
-0.087158203125,
0.09814453125,
0.35791015625,
-0.2037353515625,
-0.060211181640625,
-0.179443359375,
-0.0220794677734375,
0.37060546875,
0.677734375,
-0.08612060546875,
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0.197265625,
-0.49609375,
-0.8427734375,
0.313232421875,
0.09771728515625,
-0.7... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Food preservation techniques and nanotechnology for increased shelf life of fruits, vegetables, beverages and spices: a review
Food wastage is a major issue impacting public health, the environment and the economy in the context of rising population and decreasing natural resources. Wastage occurs at all stages from harvesting to the consumer, calling for advanced techniques of food preservation. Wastage is mainly due to presence of moisture and microbial organisms present in food. Microbes can be killed or deactivated, and cross-contamination by microbes such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) should be avoided. Moisture removal may not be feasible in all cases. Preservation methods include thermal, electrical, chemical and radiation techniques. Here, we review the advanced food preservation techniques, with focus on fruits, vegetables, beverages and spices. We emphasize electrothermal, freezing and pulse electric field methods because they allow both pathogen reduction and improvement of nutritional and physicochemical properties. Ultrasound technology and ozone treatment are suitable to preserve heat sensitive foods. Finally, nanotechnology in food preservation is discussed.
| 84,462 | [
-0.442138671875,
0.344970703125,
-0.31201171875,
0.4619140625,
-0.58349609375,
-0.385009765625,
-0.21435546875,
0.09478759765625,
0.54736328125,
0.658203125,
0.362548828125,
-0.88671875,
0.303955078125,
-0.75,
-0.6279296875,
0.049957275390625,
-0.03179931640625,
-0.572265625,
-0.... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Vacuum-Free Mass Spectrometry of Single Viruses and Nanoparticles by Nano-Electromechanical Systems
Mass spectrometry of intact nanoparticles and viruses can serve as a unique characterization tool for material science and biophysics. Inaccessible by conventional techniques, the mass of single nanoparticles and viruses (>10MDa) can be readily measured by NEMS (Nano-electromechanical Systems) based Mass Spectrometry, where charged and isolated analyte particles are generated by Electrospray Ionization (ESI) in air and transported onto the NEMS surface for capture and detection. However, the applicability of NEMS as a practical solution is hindered by their miniscule surface area, which results in poor limit-of-detection and low capture efficiency values. Another hindrance is the necessity to house the NEMS inside complex vacuum systems, which is required in part to focus analytes towards the miniscule detection surface of the NEMS. Here, we overcome both limitations by integrating an ionic lens onto the NEMS chip. The ionic lens is composed of a polymer layer, which charges up by receiving part of the ions incoming from the ESI tip and consequently starts to focus the analytes towards an open window aligned with the active area of the NEMS electrostatically. With this integrated system, we have detected the mass of gold and polystyrene nanoparticles under ambient conditions and with record capture efficiencies. We then applied this technology to obtain the mass spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 and BoHV-1 virions. With the increase in analytical throughput, the simplicity of the overall setup and the operation capability under ambient conditions, the technique brings NEMS mass spectrometry one step closer towards efficient mass detection of engineered nanoparticles and biological samples.
| 84,474 | [
-0.60595703125,
0.239501953125,
-0.31201171875,
0.56201171875,
-0.53515625,
-0.07275390625,
-0.430419921875,
0.051055908203125,
0.2218017578125,
0.48193359375,
0.55224609375,
-0.2366943359375,
0.10211181640625,
-0.5390625,
-0.826171875,
0.6357421875,
-0.254638671875,
-0.28833007812... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of AlCrFeCoNi High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Prepared by HVAF and HVOF
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) represent an innovative development approach for new alloy systems. These materials have been found to yield promising properties, such as high strength in combination with sufficient ductility as well as high wear and corrosion resistance. Especially for alloys with a body-centered cubic (bcc) structure, advantageous surface properties have been revealed. However, typical HEA systems contain high contents of expensive or scarce elements. Consequently, applying them as coatings where their use is limited to the surface represents an exciting pathway enabling economical exploitation of their superior properties. Nevertheless, processing conditions strongly influence the resulting microstructure and phase formation, which in turn has a considerable effect on the functional properties of HEAs. In the presented study, microstructural differences between high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) and high-velocity air fuel (HVAF) sprayed coatings of the alloy AlCrFeCoNi are investigated. A metastable bcc structure is formed in both coating processes. Precipitation reactions are suppressed by the rapid solidification during atomization and by the relatively low thermal input during spraying. The coating resistance to corrosive media was investigated in detail, and an improved passivation behavior was observed in the HVAF coatings.
| 84,501 | [
-0.1610107421875,
0.033447265625,
0.1134033203125,
0.448974609375,
-0.415771484375,
0.01004791259765625,
-0.68994140625,
0.0265350341796875,
0.2401123046875,
-0.045196533203125,
0.53076171875,
-0.48681640625,
0.775390625,
-1.3603515625,
-0.287109375,
0.78076171875,
-0.251708984375,
... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Predicting the Miscibility and Rigidity of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/Polyethylene Glycol Blends via Molecular Dynamics Simulations
The addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains to poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) matrices is extensively used to modulate the biodegradation, drug loading and release, mechanical properties, and chemical stability of the original system. Multiple parameters, including the molecular weight, relative concentration, polarity, and solubility, affect the physicochemical properties of the polymer blend. Here, molecular dynamics simulations with the united-atom 2016H66 force field are used to model the behavior of PLGA and PEG chains and thus predict the overall physicochemical features of the resulting blend. First, the model accuracy is validated against fundamental properties of pure PLGA and PEG samples. In agreement with previous experimental and theoretical observations, the PLGA solubility results to be higher in acetonitrile than in water, with Flory parameters νACN = 0.63 ± 0.01 and νW = 0.21 ± 0.02, and the Young's modulus of PLGA and PEG equal to Y = 2.0 ± 0.43 and 0.32 ± 0.34 GPa, respectively. Next, four PEG/PLGA blending regimes are identified by varying the relative concentrations and molecular weights of the individual polymers. The computational results demonstrate that at low PEG concentrations (<8% w/w), homogeneous blends are generated for both low and high PEG molecular weights. In contrast, at comparable PEG and PLGA concentrations (â¼50% w/w), short PEG chains are only partially miscible whereas long PEG chains segregate within the PLGA matrix. This behavior has been confirmed experimentally via differential scanning calorimetry and is in agreement with previous observations. Finally, the computed Young's modulus of PLGA/PEG blends is observed to decrease with the PEG content returning the lowest values for the partial and fully segregated regimens (Y ≈ 1.3 GPa). This work proposes a computational scheme for predicting the physicochemical properties of PLGA/PEG blends paving the way toward the rational design of polymer mixtures for biomedical applications.
| 84,587 | [
0.05218505859375,
0.12646484375,
0.073974609375,
1.208984375,
-0.474609375,
-0.280029296875,
-0.365234375,
0.369384765625,
0.35205078125,
0.78564453125,
0.44189453125,
-0.2978515625,
0.251220703125,
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-0.5107421875,
1.2021484375,
-0.0165863037109375,
-0.71630859375,
... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Potential of graphene based photocatalyst for antiviral activity with emphasis on COVID-19: A review
Coronavirus disease-2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been one of the most challenging worldwide epidemics of recent times. Semiconducting materials (photocatalysts) could prove effectual solar-light-driven technology on account of variant reactive oxidative species (ROS), including superoxide ((•)O(2)(-)) and hydroxyl ((•)OH) radicals either by degradation of proteins, DNA, RNA, or preventing cell development by terminating cellular membrane. Graphene-based materials have been exquisitely explored for antiviral applications due to their extraordinary physicochemical features including large specific surface area, robust mechanical strength, tunable structural features, and high electrical conductivity. Considering that, the present study highlights a perspective on the potentials of graphene based materials for photocatalytic antiviral activity. The interaction of virus with the surface of graphene based nanomaterials and the consequent physical, as well as ROS induced inactivation process, has been highlighted and discussed. It is highly anticipated that the present review article emphasizing mechanistic antiviral insights could accelerate further research in this field.
| 84,614 | [
-0.318603515625,
-0.33154296875,
-0.031219482421875,
0.251708984375,
-0.54541015625,
-0.338623046875,
-0.498291015625,
0.0289154052734375,
0.330078125,
0.88330078125,
-0.0097503662109375,
-0.5283203125,
0.157958984375,
-0.7080078125,
-0.317138671875,
0.233154296875,
-0.3037109375,
... | 37 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Bio-interactive nanoarchitectonics with two-dimensional materials and environments
Like the proposal of nanotechnology by Richard Feynman, the nanoarchitectonics concept was initially proposed by Masakazu Aono. The nanoarchitectonics strategy conceptually fuses nanotechnology with other research fields including organic chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, micro/nanofabrication, materials science, and bio-related sciences, and aims to produce functional materials from nanoscale components. In this review article, bio-interactive nanoarchitectonics and two-dimensional materials and environments are discussed as a selected topic. The account gives general examples of nanoarchitectonics of two-dimensional materials for energy storage, catalysis, and biomedical applications, followed by explanations of bio-related applications with two-dimensional materials such as two-dimensional biomimetic nanosheets, fullerene nanosheets, and two-dimensional assemblies of one-dimensional fullerene nanowhiskers (FNWs). The discussion on bio-interactive nanoarchitectonics in two-dimensional environments further extends to liquid–liquid interfaces such as fluorocarbon–medium interfaces and viscous liquid interfaces as new frontiers of two-dimensional environments for bio-related applications. Controlling differentiation of stem cells at fluidic liquid interfaces is also discussed. Finally, a conclusive section briefly summarizes features of bio-interactive nanoarchitectonics with two-dimensional materials and environments and discusses possible future perspectives.
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