message stringlengths 1 34.8k | message_type stringclasses 3
values | message_id int64 0 2 | conversation_id int64 10 898k | cluster float64 49 49 | __index_level_0__ int64 30 2.69M |
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Achondroplasia research. Hello, We are students from and we are doing a biology project of genetic diseases. We chose Achondroplasia as our disease to research. We have a few question and we are hoping you could answer them. Our questions are, can you tell if your child will have Achondroplasia when you are pregnan... | instruction | 0 | 10 | 49 | 30 |
Parents with achondroplasia may be helped by genetic counseling, but it does not help to prevent spontaneous mutations. | output | 1 | 10 | 49 | 31 |
Achondroplasia (Prevention): Genetic counseling may be helpful for prospective parents when 1 or both have achondroplasia. However, because achondroplasia most often develops spontaneously, prevention is not always possible. | input | 2 | 10 | 49 | 32 |
Achondroplasia research. Hello, We are students from and we are doing a biology project of genetic diseases. We chose Achondroplasia as our disease to research. We have a few question and we are hoping you could answer them. Our questions are, can you tell if your child will have Achondroplasia when you are pregnan... | instruction | 0 | 11 | 49 | 33 |
People with a family history of achondroplasia should talk to a health care provider if they plan to have children. | output | 1 | 11 | 49 | 34 |
Achondroplasia (When to Contact a Medical Professional): If there is a family history of achondroplasia and you plan to have children, you may find it helpful to speak to your health care provider. | input | 2 | 11 | 49 | 35 |
Achondroplasia research. Hello, We are students from and we are doing a biology project of genetic diseases. We chose Achondroplasia as our disease to research. We have a few question and we are hoping you could answer them. Our questions are, can you tell if your child will have Achondroplasia when you are pregnan... | instruction | 0 | 12 | 49 | 36 |
Children who inherit achondroplasia from both parents usually live only few months. Other people with achondroplasia may grow to be 5 feet tall and their intelligence is usually normal. | output | 1 | 12 | 49 | 37 |
Achondroplasia (Outlook (Prognosis)): People with achondroplasia seldom reach 5 feet (1.5 meters) in height. Intelligence is in the normal range. Infants who receive the abnormal gene from both parents do not often live beyond a few months. | input | 2 | 12 | 49 | 38 |
How bad can endometriosis get? | instruction | 0 | 128 | 49 | 384 |
Up to 50% of women with endometriosis may have fertility problems. Women with endometriosis are at a slightly higher risk of ovarian cancer. Rarely, they may also have breast cancer or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In about quarter of women diagnosed with endometriosis, endometriosis patches go away on their own. Symptoms al... | output | 1 | 128 | 49 | 385 |
Endometriosis (Other Endometriosis FAQs): - If I have endometriosis, will I be able to get pregnant? Among women with fertility problems, endometriosis may occur in as many as 50%.1 But exactly how endometriosis causes infertility is not clear. Some evidence suggests that infertility is related to the extent of the end... | input | 2 | 128 | 49 | 386 |
How bad can endometriosis get? | instruction | 0 | 129 | 49 | 387 |
Symptoms of endometriosis include heavy menstrual bleeding, bleeding between periods, problems getting pregnant. | output | 1 | 129 | 49 | 388 |
Living with endometriosis (Summary): You have a condition called endometriosis. Symptoms of endometriosis include: - Heavy menstrual bleeding - Bleeding between periods - Problems getting pregnant Having this condition can interfere with your social and work life. No one knows what causes endometriosis. ... | input | 2 | 129 | 49 | 389 |
How bad can endometriosis get? | instruction | 0 | 130 | 49 | 390 |
Contact your doctor if experience back pain after endometriosis is treated. Get screened for endometriosis if your mother or sister has it or if you are unable to become pregnant after trying for 1 year | output | 1 | 130 | 49 | 391 |
Endometriosis (When to Contact a Medical Professional): Call your provider if: - You have symptoms of endometriosis - Back pain or other symptoms reoccurring after endometriosis is treated You may want to get screened for endometriosis if: - Your mother or sister has the disease - You are unable to be... | input | 2 | 130 | 49 | 392 |
How bad can endometriosis get? | instruction | 0 | 131 | 49 | 393 |
In women with endometriosis, the tissue that lines the uterus grows elsewhere, e.g., on the ovaries, behind the uterus or on the bowels or bladder. This tissue may cause pain in the abdomen, lower back or pelvic areas; infertility; and heavy periods. Pain medicines and hormones often help. Severe cases may need surge... | output | 1 | 131 | 49 | 394 |
What is Endometriosis?: Endometriosis is a problem affecting a woman's uterus - the place where a baby grows when she's pregnant. Endometriosis is when the kind of tissue that normally lines the uterus grows somewhere else. It can grow on the ovaries, behind the uterus or on the bowels or bladder. Rarely, it grows in o... | input | 2 | 131 | 49 | 395 |
How bad can endometriosis get? | instruction | 0 | 132 | 49 | 396 |
Endometriosis can cause fertility problems, long-term pelvic pain, or cysts in the pelvis. Endometriosis tissue may block the intestines or urinary tract. Cancer may develop in the areas of tissue growth after menopause. | output | 1 | 132 | 49 | 397 |
Endometriosis (Possible Complications): Endometriosis can lead to problems getting pregnant. However, most women with mild symptoms can still get pregnant. Laparoscopy to remove growths and scar tissue may help improve your chances of becoming pregnant. If it does not, you may want to consider fertility treatments. O... | input | 2 | 132 | 49 | 398 |
How bad can endometriosis get? | instruction | 0 | 133 | 49 | 399 |
Endometriosis is often associated with pelvic pain before and during menstrual period, lower back and abdominal pain, and pain during or after sex, bowel movements or urination. Women with endometriosis may experience heavy periods, bleeding between periods, and Infertility. | output | 1 | 133 | 49 | 400 |
Endometriosis (Symptoms): The primary symptom of endometriosis is pelvic pain, often associated with your menstrual period. Although many women experience cramping during their menstrual period, women with endometriosis typically describe menstrual pain that's far worse than usual. They also tend to report that the pai... | input | 2 | 133 | 49 | 401 |
How bad can endometriosis get? | instruction | 0 | 134 | 49 | 402 |
Endometriosis occurs when cells from the lining of the womb (uterus) grow in other areas of the body. This can cause pain, heavy bleeding, bleeding between periods, and problems getting pregnant (infertility). | output | 1 | 134 | 49 | 403 |
What is Endometriosis?: Endometriosis occurs when cells from the lining of your womb (uterus) grow in other areas of your body. This can cause pain, heavy bleeding, bleeding between periods, and problems getting pregnant (infertility). | input | 2 | 134 | 49 | 404 |
How bad can endometriosis get? | instruction | 0 | 135 | 49 | 405 |
Endometriosis occurs when cells from the lining of the uterus grow in other areas of the body. This can cause swelling and pain, and problems getting pregnant. | output | 1 | 135 | 49 | 406 |
Endometriosis: Endometriosis happens when the lining of the uterus (womb) grows outside of the uterus. It may affect more than 11% of American women between 15 and 44.1 It is especially common among women in their 30s and 40s and may make it harder to get pregnant. Several different treatment options can help manage th... | input | 2 | 135 | 49 | 407 |
How bad can endometriosis get? | instruction | 0 | 136 | 49 | 408 |
The primary symptoms of endometriosis are pain and infertility. Other common symptoms of endometriosis include: painful, even debilitating, menstrual cramps, pain during or after sex, pain in the intestine or lower abdomen, painful bowel movements or painful urination during menstrual periods, heavy menstrual periods, ... | output | 1 | 136 | 49 | 409 |
Endometriosis (What are the symptoms of endometriosis?): The primary symptoms of endometriosis are pain and infertility.- Among women with pelvic pain, endometriosis may occur in about 75%.1,2 - Among women with fertility problems, endometriosis may occur in as many as 50%.1Other common symptoms of endometriosis includ... | input | 2 | 136 | 49 | 410 |
Polycystic ovarian syndrome Is it possible for parents to pass this on in the genes to their children - is there any other way this can be acquired? | instruction | 0 | 201 | 49 | 603 |
The cause of PCOS is unknown, but probably involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors | output | 1 | 201 | 49 | 604 |
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (Summary): Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a health problem that can affect a woman's menstrual cycle, ability to have children, hormones , heart, blood vessels, and appearance. Women with this condition typically have high levels of hormones called androgens, missed or irregular peri... | input | 2 | 201 | 49 | 605 |
prevention of preeclampsia I know that the jury is out on the exact causes of preeclampsia, but I am looking for some of the ways that the chances of acquiring it can be minimized. | instruction | 0 | 204 | 49 | 612 |
Experts believe preeclampsia begins in the placenta. Early in pregnancy, new blood vessels develop to send blood to the placenta. In women with preeclampsia, these blood vessels don't to develop or function properly: they are narrower than normal and react differently to hormones. Causes of this abnormal development ... | output | 1 | 204 | 49 | 613 |
Preeclampsia (Causes): The exact cause of preeclampsia involves several factors. Experts believe it begins in the placenta - the organ that nourishes the fetus throughout pregnancy. Early in pregnancy, new blood vessels develop and evolve to efficiently send blood to the placenta. In women with preeclampsia, these bloo... | input | 2 | 204 | 49 | 614 |
prevention of preeclampsia I know that the jury is out on the exact causes of preeclampsia, but I am looking for some of the ways that the chances of acquiring it can be minimized. | instruction | 0 | 205 | 49 | 615 |
To treat preeclampsia, your doctor may prescribe medications to lower blood pressure, if it's dangerously high. Some antihypertensive medications are not safe to use during pregnancy. If you have severe preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome, corticosteroid medications can temporarily improve liver and platelet function to h... | output | 1 | 205 | 49 | 616 |
Preeclampsia (Treatment): The only cure for preeclampsia is delivery. You're at increased risk of seizures, placental abruption, stroke and possibly severe bleeding until your blood pressure decreases. Of course, if it's too early in your pregnancy, delivery may not be the best thing for your baby. If you're diagnosed ... | input | 2 | 205 | 49 | 617 |
prevention of preeclampsia I know that the jury is out on the exact causes of preeclampsia, but I am looking for some of the ways that the chances of acquiring it can be minimized. | instruction | 0 | 206 | 49 | 618 |
The risk of preeclampsia is higher for very young pregnant women as well as pregnant women older than 40. The risk of developing preeclampsia is highest during the first pregnancy. Risk factors for preeclampsia include a personal or family history of preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, pregnancy with a new partner, ob... | output | 1 | 206 | 49 | 619 |
Preeclampsia (Risk factors): Preeclampsia develops only as a complication of pregnancy. Risk factors include: - History of preeclampsia. A personal or family history of preeclampsia significantly raises your risk of preeclampsia. - Chronic hypertension. If you already have chronic hypertension, you have a higher risk... | input | 2 | 206 | 49 | 620 |
prevention of preeclampsia I know that the jury is out on the exact causes of preeclampsia, but I am looking for some of the ways that the chances of acquiring it can be minimized. | instruction | 0 | 207 | 49 | 621 |
Although preeclampsia occurs primarily in first pregnancies, a woman who had preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy is seven times more likely to develop preeclampsia in a later pregnancy. Other factors that can increase a woman's risk include chronic high blood pressure or kidney disease before pregnancy, obesity, age ... | output | 1 | 207 | 49 | 622 |
Preeclampsia and Eclampsia: Preeclampsia (pree-i-KLAMP-see-uh) and eclampsia (ih-KLAMP-see-uh) are pregnancy-related high blood pressure disorders. In preeclampsia, the mother’s high blood pressure reduces the blood supply to the fetus, which may get less oxygen and fewer nutrients. Eclampsia is when pregnant women wit... | input | 2 | 207 | 49 | 623 |
prevention of preeclampsia I know that the jury is out on the exact causes of preeclampsia, but I am looking for some of the ways that the chances of acquiring it can be minimized. | instruction | 0 | 208 | 49 | 624 |
The risk of preeclampsia is higher for very young pregnant women as well as pregnant women older than 40. The risk of developing preeclampsia is highest during the first pregnancy. Risk factors for preeclampsia include a personal or family history of preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, pregnancy with a new partner, ob... | output | 1 | 208 | 49 | 625 |
Preeclampsia: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system, most often the liver and kidneys. Preeclampsia usually begins after 20 weeks of pregnancy in women whose blood pressure had been normal. Even a slight rise in blood pressure may be a ... | input | 2 | 208 | 49 | 626 |
prevention of preeclampsia I know that the jury is out on the exact causes of preeclampsia, but I am looking for some of the ways that the chances of acquiring it can be minimized. | instruction | 0 | 209 | 49 | 627 |
Although preeclampsia occurs primarily in first pregnancies, a woman who had preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy is seven times more likely to develop preeclampsia in a later pregnancy. Other factors that can increase a woman's risk include chronic high blood pressure or kidney disease before pregnancy, obesity, age ... | output | 1 | 209 | 49 | 628 |
Preeclampsia and Eclampsia (How many women are affected by or at risk of preeclampsia?): The exact number of women who develop preeclampsia is not known. Some estimates suggest that preeclampsia affects 2% to 8% of all pregnancies globally and about 3.4% in the United States.1,2The condition is estimated to account for... | input | 2 | 209 | 49 | 629 |
prevention of preeclampsia I know that the jury is out on the exact causes of preeclampsia, but I am looking for some of the ways that the chances of acquiring it can be minimized. | instruction | 0 | 210 | 49 | 630 |
There is no known way to prevent preeclampsia. It is important for all pregnant women to start prenatal care early and continue it through the pregnancy. | output | 1 | 210 | 49 | 631 |
Preeclampsia (Prevention): There is no known way to prevent preeclampsia. It is important for all pregnant women to start prenatal care early and continue it through the pregnancy. | input | 2 | 210 | 49 | 632 |
williams sydrome conditon. i need to send me more information about Williams Syndrome and some tips how to educate people with this disorder.I hope having news from you soon!!thank you | instruction | 0 | 262 | 49 | 786 |
There is no known way to prevent the genetic problem responsible for Williams syndrome. However, prenatal testing is available for couples with a family history of Williams syndrome. | output | 1 | 262 | 49 | 787 |
Williams syndrome (Prevention): There is no known way to prevent the genetic problem that causes Williams syndrome. Prenatal testing is available for couples with a family history of Williams syndrome who wish to conceive. | input | 2 | 262 | 49 | 788 |
what is the cause of congenital heart defects | instruction | 0 | 279 | 49 | 837 |
Causes of congenital heart defects are unknown. The risk factors for these problems that occur early in the baby's heart development include: having rubella during pregnancy; uncontrolled diabetes; taking medications known to increase the risk of congenital heart defects, such as thalidomide (Thalomid), angiotensin-c... | output | 1 | 279 | 49 | 838 |
Congenital heart defects in children (Risk factors): Most congenital heart defects result from problems early in your child's heart development, the cause of which is unknown. However, certain environmental and genetic risk factors may play a role. They include: - Rubella (German measles). Having rubella during pregnan... | input | 2 | 279 | 49 | 839 |
how do you test for cholesterol level in your body | instruction | 0 | 374 | 49 | 1,122 |
A cholesterol test to done to diagnose high blood cholesterol levels. Different experts recommend different starting ages. Some guidelines recommend having your first cholesterol test at age 20, but everyone should have their first screening by age 35 (men) and age 45 (women). | output | 1 | 374 | 49 | 1,123 |
How to diagnose High blood cholesterol levels?: A cholesterol test is done to diagnose a lipid disorder. Some guidelines recommend having your first screening cholesterol test at age 20. Everyone should have their first screening test by age 35 in men, and age 45 in women. (Note: Different experts recommend different s... | input | 2 | 374 | 49 | 1,124 |
how is edward's syndrome diagnosed | instruction | 0 | 384 | 49 | 1,152 |
To diagnose Trisomy 18, tests can be done during pregnancy. Genetic testing is recommended for parents with a child with the syndrome who are thinking about having more children. | output | 1 | 384 | 49 | 1,153 |
Trisomy 18 (Prevention): Tests can be done during pregnancy to find out if the child has this syndrome. Genetic testing is recommended for parents who have a child with this syndrome and who want to have more children. | input | 2 | 384 | 49 | 1,154 |
how is edward's syndrome diagnosed | instruction | 0 | 385 | 49 | 1,155 |
To diagnose Edwards syndrome, also known as Trisomy 18, exams of the pregnant mother and the infant can be done. An exam during pregnancy may show an abnormally large uterus and extra amniotic fluid. A small placenta when the baby is born is another sign of the disorder. Other physical signs include unusual fingerprint... | output | 1 | 385 | 49 | 1,156 |
Trisomy 18 (Exams and Tests): An exam during pregnancy may show an unusually large uterus and extra amniotic fluid. There may be an unusually small placenta when the baby is born. A physical exam of the infant may show unusual fingerprint patterns. X-rays may show a short breast bone. Chromosome studies will show tr... | input | 2 | 385 | 49 | 1,157 |
how is epidural harmful | instruction | 0 | 403 | 49 | 1,209 |
Many studies have shown that epidural is a safe way to manage pain during childbirth. However, there are some rare risks. Your blood pressure may drop, and if this occurs, you will receive fluids through an intravenous line to help keep your blood pressure stable. The epidural may change your labor and delivery. For ex... | output | 1 | 403 | 49 | 1,210 |
Epidural block - pregnancy (Is an Epidural Safe?): Many studies have shown that an epidural is a safe way to manage pain during childbirth. While rare, there are some risks. Your blood pressure may drop for a short while. This might cause the baby's heart rate to slow down. - To avoid this, you will receive fluid... | input | 2 | 403 | 49 | 1,211 |
how is epidural harmful | instruction | 0 | 405 | 49 | 1,215 |
Many studies have shown that epidural is a safe way to manage pain during childbirth. However, there are some rare risks. Your blood pressure may drop, and if this occurs, you will receive fluids through an intravenous line to help keep your blood pressure stable. The epidural may change your labor and delivery. For ex... | output | 1 | 405 | 49 | 1,216 |
Epidural block - pregnancy: An epidural block is a numbing medicine given by injection (shot) in the back. It numbs or causes a loss of feeling in the lower half your body. This lessens the pain of contractions during childbirth. An epidural block may also be used to reduce pain during surgery on the lower extremities.... | input | 2 | 405 | 49 | 1,217 |
how often do you need a pap smear | instruction | 0 | 420 | 49 | 1,260 |
Cervical dsyplasia refers to abnormal changes in the cells on the surface of the cervix. For women of any age who have a slightly abnormal Pap test result, treatment depends on the degree of the dysplasia. Mild dysplasia (LSIL or CIN I) may go away without treatment. You may only need careful follow-up by your provider... | output | 1 | 420 | 49 | 1,261 |
Cervical dysplasia: Cervical dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the cells on the surface of the cervix. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus (womb) that opens at the top of the vagina. The changes are not cancer. But they are considered to be precancerous. This means they can lead to cancer of the cervix i... | input | 2 | 420 | 49 | 1,262 |
how often do you need a pap smear | instruction | 0 | 421 | 49 | 1,263 |
Pap smear tests should start at age 21. After the first test, you should have a pap test every three years to check for cervical cancer. If you are over 30, you can be tested every 5 years. Most women can stop having Pap tests after age 66 to 70 if they have had 3 negative tests within the past 10 years. | output | 1 | 421 | 49 | 1,264 |
Pap test: The Pap test checks for cervical cancer. Cells scraped from the opening of the cervix are examined under a microscope. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus (womb) that opens at the top of the vagina. This test is sometimes called a Pap smear. You lie on a table and place your feet in stirrups. The hea... | input | 2 | 421 | 49 | 1,265 |
how often do you need a pap smear | instruction | 0 | 422 | 49 | 1,266 |
Cervical cancer usually develops slowly. It starts as precancerous changes called dysplasia, which can be detected by a test called a Pap smear. Dysplasia is fully treatable, and be detected with regular Pap smears, so that precancerous cells can removed before they become cancer. Pap smear screening should start at 21... | output | 1 | 422 | 49 | 1,267 |
Cervical cancer - screening and prevention (Pap Smears): Cervical cancer usually develops slowly. It starts as precancerous changes called dysplasia. Dysplasia can be detected by a medical test called a Pap smear. Dysplasia is fully treatable. That is why it is important for women to get regular Pap smears, so that p... | input | 2 | 422 | 49 | 1,268 |
how to loose weight | instruction | 0 | 433 | 49 | 1,299 |
To lose weight after pregnancy, there are a few ways you can do so safely and healthily. Do not skip meals. Eat 5 to 6 meals a day, with healthy snacks in between. Make sure to eat breakfast. Choose nonfat or low-fat dairy products. Make sure to snack on foods with fiber and protein, such as carrots with bean dip, or a... | output | 1 | 433 | 49 | 1,300 |
Losing weight after pregnancy: You should plan to return to your pre-pregnancy weight by 6 to 12 months after delivery. Most women lose half of their baby weight by 6 weeks after childbirth (postpartum). The rest most often comes off over the next several months. A healthy diet with daily exercise will help you shed... | input | 2 | 433 | 49 | 1,301 |
how to loose weight | instruction | 0 | 437 | 49 | 1,311 |
To lose weight after pregnancy, there are a few ways you can do so safely and healthily. Do not skip meals. Eat 5 to 6 meals a day, with healthy snacks in between. Make sure to eat breakfast. Choose nonfat or low-fat dairy products. Make sure to snack on foods with fiber and protein, such as carrots with bean dip, or a... | output | 1 | 437 | 49 | 1,312 |
Losing weight after pregnancy (Eat to Lose Weight): These healthy eating tips will help you lose weight safely. - DO NOT skip meals. With a new baby, many new moms forget to eat. If you do not eat, you will have less energy, and it will not help you lose weight. - Eat 5 to 6 small meals a day with healthy snacks ... | input | 2 | 437 | 49 | 1,313 |
how to prevent conjunctivitis | instruction | 0 | 450 | 49 | 1,350 |
To help prevent newborn conjunctivitis, pregnant women should get treatment for diseases spread through sexual contact. Putting eye drops into all infants' eyes in the delivery room after birth can also help prevent infections. | output | 1 | 450 | 49 | 1,351 |
Neonatal conjunctivitis (Prevention): Pregnant women should get treatment for diseases spread through sexual contact to prevent newborn conjunctivitis caused by these infections. Putting eye drops into all infants' eyes in the delivery room right after birth can help prevent many infections. (Most states have laws r... | input | 2 | 450 | 49 | 1,352 |
what are some of the treatments available to males with klinefelter's | instruction | 0 | 484 | 49 | 1,452 |
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