text stringlengths 167 5.52k | conversation_id int64 77.2k 898k | embedding sequence | cluster int64 58 58 |
|---|---|---|---|
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Bridging Disciplines: Applications of Forensic Science and Industrial Hemp
Forensic laboratories are required to have analytical tools to confidently differentiate illegal substances such as marijuana from legal products (i.e., industrial hemp). The Achilles heel of industrial hemp is its association with marijuana. Industrial hemp from the Cannabis sativa L. plant is reported to be one of the strongest natural multipurpose fibers on earth. The Cannabis plant is a vigorous annual crop broadly separated into two classes: industrial hemp and marijuana. Up until the eighteenth century, hemp was one of the major fibers in the United States. The decline of its cultivation and applications is largely due to burgeoning manufacture of synthetic fibers. Traditional composite materials such as concrete, fiberglass insulation, and lumber are environmentally unfavorable. Industrial hemp exhibits environmental sustainability, low maintenance, and high local and national economic impacts. The 2018 Farm Bill made way for the legalization of hemp by categorizing it as an ordinary agricultural commodity. Unlike marijuana, hemp contains less than 0.3% of the cannabinoid, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive compound which gives users psychotropic effects and confers illegality in some locations. On the other hand, industrial hemp contains cannabidiol found in the resinous flower of Cannabis and is purported to have multiple advantageous uses. There is a paucity of investigations of the identity, microbial diversity, and biochemical characterizations of industrial hemp. This review provides background on important topics regarding hemp and the quantification of total tetrahydrocannabinol in hemp products. It will also serve as an overview of emergent microbiological studies regarding hemp inflorescences. Further, we examine challenges in using forensic analytical methodologies tasked to distinguish legal fiber-type material from illegal drug-types.
| 77,225 | [
-0.24755859375,
-0.2142333984375,
0.1435546875,
0.6220703125,
-0.32421875,
0.1739501953125,
-0.52734375,
0.07611083984375,
0.348388671875,
0.61572265625,
0.5791015625,
-0.6220703125,
0.0919189453125,
-0.79931640625,
-0.0716552734375,
0.441162109375,
-0.291259765625,
-0.417724609375... | 58 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Characterizing heat mitigation strategies utilized by beef processors in the United States
During lairage at slaughter plants, cattle can be exposed to extreme heat conditions from pen densities and holding pen microclimates. While research outlining heat mitigation strategies used in other sectors of the beef supply chain is available, there is no published data on the use of heat mitigation strategies at slaughter plants. The objective of this study was to characterize short-term heat mitigation strategies used by commercial beef slaughter plants in the United States. Twenty-one beef slaughter plants, representing an estimated 60% of beef slaughter in the United States, were included in the study. All plants indicated use of at least one heat mitigation strategy, and five of them used more than one type. Sprinklers/misters were the most commonly used heat mitigation type (n = 17, 81%), and fans were the least common type (n = 4, 19%). Shade usage was present in several plants (n = 7, 33%), ranging from barn style roofs to shade cloths. Respondents indicated that they believed heat mitigation strategies provide benefits both to cattle well-being and meat quality outcomes. Future research should focus on the effectiveness of these techniques in improving animal well-being and quality outcomes in the slaughter plant environment and protocols for optimum implementation.
| 77,234 | [
-0.165771484375,
0.1998291015625,
-0.05780029296875,
0.6962890625,
-0.59814453125,
0.0125732421875,
0.002933502197265625,
0.410888671875,
0.13330078125,
0.98193359375,
0.23291015625,
-0.363525390625,
0.08062744140625,
-0.250244140625,
-0.346435546875,
0.08331298828125,
-0.27416992187... | 58 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Evaluation of Different Interstimulus Rinse Protocols on Smoke Attribute Perception in Wildfire-Affected Wines.
Wildfires produce smoke that can carry organic compounds to a vineyard, which are then absorbed by the grape berry and result in wines with elevated levels of smoke-related phenols. These phenols have been found to have a large impact on the flavor of wines, being the cause of a smokey flavor with a lasting ashy aftertaste. When evaluating the sensory profile of these wines, there is an observed problem due to the lasting nature of these undesirable attributes and potential flavor carryover between samples. Through the use of standard and temporal attribute check-all-that-apply, this research desires to better understand the impact of smoke on the sensorial profiles of wines with various levels of smoke phenols (high, moderate, and low). Additionally, through the employment of different interstimulus protocols, the effectiveness of rinses on diminishing the smoke flavor in wines and optimal time separation were investigated. It was determined that a 1 g/L pectin rinse in between samples with a 120 s separation is optimal to ensure the removal of smoke attribute perception. This work also indicated the need to look deeper at the effects of the in-mouth hydrolysis of glyconjugate phenols that impact overall smoke flavor.
| 77,289 | [
-0.07830810546875,
0.21435546875,
0.06903076171875,
0.66796875,
-0.81982421875,
-0.33740234375,
-0.4140625,
0.1102294921875,
0.21875,
1.0478515625,
0.78515625,
-0.441162109375,
0.368408203125,
-0.6845703125,
-0.1297607421875,
-0.10516357421875,
-0.32763671875,
-0.7392578125,
-0.1... | 58 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Evaluating the contribution of synthetic fungicides to cereal plant health and CO2 reduction targets against the backdrop of the increasingly complex regulatory environment in Europe
The global COVID pandemic has impacted the world in ways and at a scale that few could have predicted, with many industries severely disrupted. Despite this, crops were sown and harvested, food was produced and agriculture continued to function, albeit it with many logistical challenges. Plant health lies at the heart of preventing crop losses through a combination of varietal resistance and agronomic practices. In the case of foliar plant diseases in wheat, varietal resistance plays a key role, but the use of synthetic fungicides is essential to minimize crop losses. European arable production faces a dilemma: how to contribute and maintain global food supplies but at the same time decrease emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), reduce inputs potentially harmful to biodiversity, society and the environment while ensuring no more land is brought into production. Throughout history, major disruptions in society have led to big steps in agricultural innovation. Presently, the major disruptive forces in Europe are not just a result of the COVID pandemic but the increasingly urgent need to address climate change. Within the European Green Deal, the Farm‐to‐Fork strategy is in place to help achieve climate neutrality by 2050, aiming for a reduction of GHG emissions of 55% by 2030. To achieve this, there will need to be a major adjustment to how food is produced, a realignment in plant health strategies and accelerated innovation across the agricultural sector. This paper aims to evaluate how synthetic fungicides presently contribute to plant health (mainly wheat) and food production as well as the management of GHG emissions. In addition, it explores the future challenges and prospects for their positive contribution in achieving global food security alongside emerging innovative technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Plant Pathology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
| 77,355 | [
-0.0986328125,
-0.021270751953125,
0.16162109375,
0.278076171875,
-0.391357421875,
0.1668701171875,
0.1651611328125,
0.286376953125,
0.5439453125,
0.55419921875,
0.215087890625,
-0.97265625,
0.220703125,
-0.74658203125,
-0.464599609375,
0.071044921875,
-0.046173095703125,
-0.534179... | 58 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Lessons and surprises from an inter- island re-introduction of the critically endangered raso lark alauda razae of cape verde
Confined to a single island where its small population fluctuates in response to rainfall, the Raso lark is likely to remain Critically Endangered unless a second population becomes established This paper reports translocations of larks, 37 in 2018 and 33 in 2019, to the nearby island of Santa Luzia where the species existed until about 500 years ago Both islands lie within the Reserva Natural Integral de Santa Luzia While the hard release protocol proceeded without mishap, problems with radio-tagging the released birds were encountered However early indications are encouraging;the released birds have bred, and their annual survival is not substantially worse than that of larks on the source island, Raso Unexpectedly, the study documented several natural, unassisted movements of larks from Raso to Santa Luzia (and, less unexpectedly, of translocated birds returning to Raso) The ultimate outcome of the project remains uncertain since eradication of Santa Luzia’s introduced cats, possible predators of the larks, was interrupted when the island was evacuated because of the Covid-19 pandemic © Paul Donald
| 77,400 | [
-0.188232421875,
0.1407470703125,
-0.5126953125,
0.45703125,
-0.275390625,
-0.552734375,
-0.51025390625,
0.3603515625,
0.66796875,
0.72509765625,
0.505859375,
-0.47216796875,
-0.4326171875,
-0.3623046875,
-0.52099609375,
0.0077972412109375,
-0.443115234375,
-0.393798828125,
-0.09... | 58 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Long-Term Monitoring of Amphibian Populations of a National Park in Northern Spain Reveals Negative Persisting Effects of Ranavirus, but Not Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Amphibians are the most highly threatened vertebrates, and emerging pathogens are a serious threat to their conservation. Amphibian chytrid fungi and the viruses of the Ranavirus genus are causing disease outbreaks worldwide, including in protected areas such as National Parks. However, we lack information about their effect over amphibian populations in the long-term, and sometimes these mortality episodes are considered as transient events without serious consequences over longer time-spans. Here, we relate the occurrence of both pathogens with the population trends of 24 amphibian populations at 15 sites across a national Park in northern Spain over a 14-year period. Just one out 24 populations presents a positive population trend being free of both pathogens, while seven populations exposed to one or two pathogens experienced strong declines during the study period. The rest of the study populations (16) remain stable, and these tend to be of species that are not susceptible to the pathogen present or are free of pathogens. Our study is consistent with infectious diseases playing an important role in dictating amphibian population trends and emphasizes the need to adopt measures to control these pathogens in nature. We highlight that sites housing species carrying Ranavirus seems to have experienced more severe population-level effects compared to those with the amphibian chytrid fungus, and that ranaviruses could be just as, or more important, other more high-profile amphibian emerging pathogens.
| 77,534 | [
-0.474853515625,
0.173583984375,
-0.32373046875,
0.8994140625,
-0.028533935546875,
0.09423828125,
-0.29296875,
0.5498046875,
0.39990234375,
0.63720703125,
0.0243682861328125,
-0.91943359375,
-0.472412109375,
-0.2327880859375,
-0.331787109375,
-0.429931640625,
-0.01134490966796875,
... | 58 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Ranking the risk of animal-to-human spillover for newly discovered viruses
The death toll and economic loss resulting from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic are stark reminders that we are vulnerable to zoonotic viral threats. Strategies are needed to identify and characterize animal viruses that pose the greatest risk of spillover and spread in humans and inform public health interventions. Using expert opinion and scientific evidence, we identified host, viral, and environmental risk factors contributing to zoonotic virus spillover and spread in humans. We then developed a risk ranking framework and interactive web tool, SpillOver, that estimates a risk score for wildlife-origin viruses, creating a comparative risk assessment of viruses with uncharacterized zoonotic spillover potential alongside those already known to be zoonotic. Using data from testing 509,721 samples from 74,635 animals as part of a virus discovery project and public records of virus detections around the world, we ranked the spillover potential of 887 wildlife viruses. Validating the risk assessment, the top 12 were known zoonotic viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Several newly detected wildlife viruses ranked higher than known zoonotic viruses. Using a scientifically informed process, we capitalized on the recent wealth of virus discovery data to systematically identify and prioritize targets for investigation. The publicly accessible SpillOver platform can be used by policy makers and health scientists to inform research and public health interventions for prevention and rapid control of disease outbreaks. SpillOver is a living, interactive database that can be refined over time to continue to improve the quality and public availability of information on viral threats to human health.
| 77,696 | [
-0.302490234375,
0.39306640625,
-0.038604736328125,
0.343017578125,
-0.2066650390625,
-0.27783203125,
-0.39697265625,
0.54052734375,
0.13037109375,
0.86376953125,
-0.07958984375,
-0.88623046875,
-0.266845703125,
0.01107025146484375,
-0.357421875,
-0.1282958984375,
-0.49267578125,
-... | 58 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Bird-window collisions: Mitigation efficacy and risk factors across two years
BACKGROUND: Research on bird-window collision mitigation is needed to prevent up to a billion bird fatalities yearly in the U.S. At the University of Utah campus (Salt Lake City, Utah, USA), past research documented collisions, especially for Cedar Waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum) drawn to fruiting ornamental pears in winter. Mirrored windows, which have a metallic coating that turns window exteriors into mirrors, had frequent collisions, which were mitigated when Feather Friendly®bird deterrent markers were applied. Bird-friendly windows–ORNILUX®ultraviolet (UV) and fritted windows–also reduced collisions when data were collected across fall and winter. Extending this prior research, we evaluated additional mitigation and tested the replicability of effects for pear trees, mirrored windows, and bird-friendly windows across two years. METHODS: Using published data from eight buildings monitored for collisions in year 1 (Fall and Winter, 2019–2020), we added another year of monitoring, Fall and Winter, 2020–2021. Between years, Feather Friendly®mitigation markers were added to collision-prone areas of two buildings, including both mirrored and transparent windows. RESULTS: The two buildings that received new Feather Friendly®mitigation had significantly fewer collisions post-mitigation. Control areas also had nonsignificant decline in collisions. The interaction of area (mitigation vs. control) by time (year 1 vs. 2) was significant, based on generalized estimating equations (GEE). The total yearly collisions across all eight buildings declined from 39 to 23. A second GEE analysis of all 8 buildings showed that mirrored windows, pear trees, and bird-friendly windows were each significant when analyzed separately. The best-fit model showed more collisions for mirrored windows and fewer collisions for bird-friendly windows. We found pear tree proximity to be related to more collisions in winter than fall. In addition, pear trees showed reduced collisions from year 1 to 2, consistent with new mitigation for two of three buildings near pear trees. DISCUSSION: Feather Friendly(®) markers can mitigate collisions with transparent windows, not only mirrored windows, compared to unmitigated areas over 2 years. Results also underscore the dangers of pear tree proximity and mirrored windows and the efficacy of bird-friendly windows. Thus, bird collisions can be prevented by window mitigation, permanent bird-friendly windows, and landscape designs that avoid creating ecological traps.
| 77,706 | [
-0.349609375,
0.29248046875,
-0.12322998046875,
0.5810546875,
-0.53955078125,
-0.53515625,
-0.2369384765625,
0.81787109375,
0.51318359375,
0.34228515625,
-0.058380126953125,
-0.312744140625,
0.1168212890625,
-0.29638671875,
-0.0836181640625,
0.10919189453125,
-0.2578125,
-0.1887207... | 58 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Roadmap to sustainable carbon-neutral energy and environment: can we cross the barrier of biomass productivity?
The total number of inhabitants on the Earth is estimated to cross a record number of 9 × 10(3) million by 2050 that present a unique challenge to provide energy and clean environment to every individual. The growth in population results in a change of land use, and greenhouse gas emission due to increased industrialization and transportation. Energy consumption affects the quality of the environment by adding carbon dioxide and other pollutants to the atmosphere. This leads to oceanic acidification and other environmental fluctuations due to global climate change. Concurrently, speedy utilization of known conventional fuel reservoirs causes a challenge to a sustainable supply of energy. Therefore, an alternate energy resource is required that can maintain the sustainability of energy and environment. Among different alternatives, energy production from high carbon dioxide capturing photosynthetic aquatic microbes is an emerging technology to clean environment and produce carbon-neutral energy from their hydrocarbon-rich biomass. However, economical challenges due to low biomass production still prevent the commercialization of bioenergy. In this work, we review the impact of fossil fuels burning, which is predominantly used to fulfill global energy demand, on the quality of the environment. We also assess the status of biofuel production and utilization and discuss its potential to clean the environment. The complications associated with biofuel manufacturing using photosynthetic microorganisms are discussed and directed evolution for targeted phenotypes and targeted delivery of nutrients are proposed as potential strategies to increase the biomass production.
| 77,715 | [
-0.329345703125,
0.3486328125,
-0.2110595703125,
0.139404296875,
-0.093505859375,
0.016754150390625,
-0.269775390625,
0.343017578125,
0.372314453125,
0.34619140625,
0.191650390625,
-0.724609375,
0.56884765625,
-0.470703125,
-0.11480712890625,
-0.21923828125,
-0.29931640625,
-0.4030... | 58 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Heat stress effects on bovine sperm cells: a chronological approach to early findings.
Testicular heat stress affects sperm quality and fertility. However, the chronology of these effects is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to establish the early sequential effects of heat stress in bull sperm quality. Semen and blood samples of Nellore breed bulls were collected and distributed into control and testicular heat stress (scrotal bags/96 h) groups. Semen samples were evaluated for sperm motility, abnormalities, plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, sperm lipid peroxidation, seminal plasma lipid peroxidation, and DNA fragmentation. Blood plasma was also evaluated for lipid peroxidation. An increase in sperm abnormalities was observed 7 days following heat stress. After 14 days, sperm lipid peroxidation increased and mitochondrial membrane function, sperm motility, and plasma membrane integrity decreased. Heat stress effects were still observed after 21 days following heat stress. An increase in sperm DNA fragmentation was observed as a late effect after 28 days. Thus, the initial effects of heat stress (i.e., increasing sperm abnormalities and lipid peroxidation) suggest the presence of oxidative stress in the semen that alters mitochondrial function, sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, and belatedly, DNA fragmentation. Although sperm abnormalities persisted and increased over time, sperm lipid peroxidation, in turn, increased only until 21 days after heat stress. In this regard, these findings provide a greater understanding of the chronological effects of experimentally induced heat stress on bovine sperm, providing valuable insights about spermatogenesis during the first 28 days following heat stress.
| 77,914 | [
-0.1884765625,
0.040863037109375,
0.265380859375,
0.5498046875,
-0.64697265625,
-0.0181884765625,
-0.241455078125,
0.4921875,
0.63818359375,
0.68017578125,
0.395263671875,
-0.41357421875,
0.0858154296875,
-0.4130859375,
-0.193115234375,
-0.059112548828125,
-0.2447509765625,
-1.0048... | 58 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
Combination of Multiple Microsatellite Analysis and Genome-Wide SNP Genotyping Helps to Solve Wildlife Crime: A Case Study of Poaching of a Caucasian tur (Capra caucasica) in Russian Mountain National Park
SIMPLE SUMMARY: DNA molecular techniques, including multiple microsatellite analysis and genome-wide SNP-genotyping, were used to unlock and prove the poaching of wild goats (Capra caucasica) in an area of the Caucasian mountains in Russia. ABSTRACT: Poaching is one of the major types of wildlife crime in Russia. Remnants of goats (presumably the wild endemic species, the Caucasian tur) were found in an area of the Caucasian mountains. The case study involves a suspected poacher whose vehicle was found to have two duffel bags containing pieces of a carcass, which he claimed was that of a goat from his flock. The aim of the forensic genetic analysis for this case was to (i) establish individual identity and (ii) perform species identification. DNA typing based on fourteen microsatellites revealed that STR-genotypes generated from pieces of evidence found at crime scene fully matched those obtained from the evidence seized from the suspect. The results of genome-wide SNP-genotyping, using Illumina Goat SNP50 BeadChip, provided evidence that the poached animal was a wild Caucasian tur (Capra caucasica). Thus, based on comprehensive molecular genetic analysis, evidence of poaching was obtained and sent to local authorities. To our knowledge, this case study is the first to attempt to use DNA chips in wildlife forensics of ungulates.
| 77,968 | [
0.248046875,
0.32861328125,
-0.192626953125,
0.75830078125,
-0.6513671875,
-0.60205078125,
-0.44775390625,
0.375,
0.39013671875,
0.65185546875,
0.5439453125,
-0.720703125,
-0.140869140625,
-0.51708984375,
-0.43896484375,
-0.143798828125,
-0.293701171875,
-0.462646484375,
-0.05426... | 58 |
End of preview. Expand
in Data Studio
- Downloads last month
- 8