message stringlengths 1 12.4k | message_type stringclasses 3 values | message_id int64 0 2 | conversation_id int64 5.12k 898k | cluster float64 87 87 | __index_level_0__ int64 15.4k 2.69M |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Please answer the letter of option truthfully | instruction | 0 | 5,121 | 87 | 15,363 |
A | output | 1 | 5,121 | 87 | 15,364 |
Q:What are the effects of globalisation on food security?
?
A:Wealthy countries subsidies and trade barriers make it difficult for developing countries to take advantage of the potential of globalisation for advancing food security.;B:World Trade Organisation rules do not cover agriculture, so globalisation really has no bearing on food security.;C:Supermarkets are so far the only way in which food and agriculture have experienced globalisation.;D:Developing countries need to create publicly-owned food reserves in order to realise the potential benefits. | input | 2 | 5,121 | 87 | 15,365 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,205 | 87 | 231,205 |
Challenges of agri-food supply in city region food systems: an emerging economy perspective | output | 1 | 77,205 | 87 | 231,206 |
Purpose>This paper explores the challenges of food security from source to consumption of agri-food value chain by considering urban–rural linkages in city region food systems (CRFSs) and proposes a strategic framework for CRFS identifying strategies to promote urban–rural linkages among multiple stakeholders.Design/methodology/approach>A qualitative case study approach to a fruit and vegetable value chain from rural source to consumption in the Colombo City region identifies the challenges of food security. A snowballing sampling method was used to gather information from retailers, wholesalers, commission agent, farmers and consumers. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews, observations and secondary data sources. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.Findings>Challenges in food security in the value chain related to five areas: input and production, infrastructure, public institutional support and policy, finance, and food market. Colombo city is heavily dependent on food sourced from other cities due to limited land and lack of locally situated commercially oriented farmers.Research limitations/implications>This research is limited to a selected number of fruits and vegetables in the Colombo city region and leaves out other food items.Originality/value>This study contributes to informing policy and decision-making processes to promote a more balanced rural to city food value chain in Colombo City that could benefit all stakeholders from rural small-scale producers to urban consumers. | input | 2 | 77,205 | 87 | 231,207 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,361 | 87 | 231,673 |
Insights into financial technology (FinTech): a bibliometric and visual study | output | 1 | 77,361 | 87 | 231,674 |
This paper conducted a comprehensive analysis based on bibliometrics and science mapping analysis. First, 848 publications were obtained from Web of Science. Their fundamental characteristics were analyzed, including the types, annual publications, hot research directions, and foci (by theme analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and timeline analysis of author keywords). Next, the prolific objects (at the level of countries/regions, institutions, journals, and authors) and corresponding pivotal cooperative relationship networks were used to highlight who pays attention to FinTech. Furthermore, the citation structures of authors and journals were investigated, including citation and co-citation. Additionally, this paper presents the burst detection analysis of cited authors, journals, and references. Finally, combining the analysis results with the current financial environment, the challenges and future development opportunities are discussed further. Accordingly, a comprehensive study of the FinTech documents not only reviews the current research characteristics and trajectories but also helps scholars find the appropriate research entry point and conduct in-depth research. | input | 2 | 77,361 | 87 | 231,675 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,491 | 87 | 232,063 |
The role of food science and technology in humanitarian response | output | 1 | 77,491 | 87 | 232,064 |
BACKGROUND: In humanitarian contexts, ensuring access to safe, nutritious, good quality and culturally appropriate food in the right quantity at the right time and place during an emergency or a protracted crisis is an enormous challenge, which is likely to increase given uncertainties such as climate change, global political and economic instability and emerging pandemics like COVID-19. Several international organizations and non-government organizations have well established systems to respond to food security emergencies. However, the role of food science and technology in humanitarian response is not well understood and is seldom considered in humanitarian circles. SCOPE AND APPROACH: The role of food science and technology in humanitarian response and the importance of addressing the requirements of the local consumers within the local food systems are discussed. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: Humanitarian food aid policies focus on immediate and short-term assistance to save lives. The implementation of emergency programs and projects tends to induce dependency on aid, rather than strengthening local food systems and ensuring resilience. Transformative change must embrace innovation across the whole food system with an increased emphasis on food science and technology that addresses local food security, generates employment and contributes to the local economy. There needs to be a move beyond rehabilitating and increasing agricultural production to addressing the whole food system with a view to link humanitarian assistance and longer-term support to sustainable livelihoods and resilience. | input | 2 | 77,491 | 87 | 232,065 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,511 | 87 | 232,123 |
Bottom-up solutions in a time of crisis: the case of Covid-19 in South Korea | output | 1 | 77,511 | 87 | 232,124 |
Innovation systems have seen diverse actors attempting to tame the Covid-19 crisis, under varying degrees of government direction Largely neglected in scholarly and public attention, however, are ?bottom-up? solutions arising from the periphery of innovation systems Drawing on inductive case research on a fringe doctor who invented the idea of the drive-through testing system, and two university student teams that developed coronavirus applications, this study examines how peripheral actors generate innovative, bottom-up solutions at speed in a time of crisis Our findings reveal that, in a crisis situation, bottom-up solutions transpire on the basis of three innovation drivers: (a) peripheral status, expediting the commence of innovation activities;(b) interdisciplinary collaboration, enabling access to a greater spectrum of knowledge and perspectives;and (c) prior knowledge, prescribing the direction of solution generation We also identify that system intermediaries support the innovation activities of peripheral actors, thereby helping bottom-up solutions to become more customer facing Such functions of intermediaries include demand articulation, technical assistance, and promulgation of generated solutions Our findings offer theoretical implications for the literature on innovation in a time of crisis and practical implications for governments and organizations preparing themselves for the potential second wave of coronavirus emergencies, or even a completely new form of future crisis | input | 2 | 77,511 | 87 | 232,125 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,615 | 87 | 232,435 |
The road to a human-centred digital society: opportunities, challenges and responsibilities for humans in the age of machines | output | 1 | 77,615 | 87 | 232,436 |
The growing adoption of intelligent technologies has brought us to a crossroad. The creators of intelligent technologies are acquiring the power to influence a wide variety of outcomes that are important to human end-users. In doing so, those same intelligent technologies are being used to undermine and even actively harm the interests of those same end-users. In the absence of a recalibration, we are almost certainly headed down a path wherein intelligent technologies will primarily serve the interests of developers and owners of technology rather than humankind at large. In an attempt to push for such a recalibration, we present parallels between the 2008 financial crisis and the current state of affairs. Following which, we present a list of recommendations and implications to be used when in the pursuit of creating responsible and human-centred AI. | input | 2 | 77,615 | 87 | 232,437 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,649 | 87 | 232,537 |
Innovation in an authoritarian society: China during the pandemic crisis | output | 1 | 77,649 | 87 | 232,538 |
Purpose: This paper aims to understand the role of government played in the innovation process during the social crisis, and to investigate the innovation activities of the authoritarian state when dealing with social crisis Design/methodology/approach: Secondary data pertaining to eight impactful technological innovations in China during the COVID-19 crisis reveal how interactions and joint efforts by commercial firms and government organizations emerged as spontaneous responses Findings: The analysis of eight innovations – health code adoption, health omnichannel construction, noncontact service provision, distance education provision, public emotion consolation service, cross-boundary project promotion, cloud office adoption and medical material production – reveals a matrix of best practices that details the roles of government (controller or endorser) and the value creation orientation (pro-social or pro-economic value) Originality/value: This study enriches innovation literature by providing a new perspective on the relationship between governmental force and technological innovation during social crises As these new insights reveal, technological innovation can contribute to social crisis management China’s example provides helpful implications for other countries suffering from the COVID-19 crisis © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited | input | 2 | 77,649 | 87 | 232,539 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,707 | 87 | 232,711 |
From Farm to Fork: Human Health and Well-being through Sustainable Agri-food Systems | output | 1 | 77,707 | 87 | 232,712 |
From Farm to Fork Strategy is at the heart of the European Green Deal – the new growth strategy of the EU and a key to the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). From Farm to Fork Strategy is designed for building a fair, healthy and environmentally-friendly food system with an integrated food safety policy in the Union. Current paper presents some of the strategic accents of the main European documents and initiatives concerning future sustainable agri-food systems in the context of human health and well-being through the ecological, economic and social aspects of sustainability. Special attention is also paid to how the future Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) will contribute to the EU Green Deal, food quality and safety, and sustainable development as a whole. Particular examples are presented showing the support to the agriculture and food sectors amid Coronavirus and rural responses to the COVID-19 crisis as collected by the European Network for Rural Development (ENRD). Good practices from Bulgaria are also analyzed regarding the initiatives of promoting local food through farmers’ markets and online platforms and new challenges and best solutions. Conclusions focus on the general measures and actions for the effective transition to a fair, healthy and environmentally-friendly agri-food system. | input | 2 | 77,707 | 87 | 232,713 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,736 | 87 | 232,798 |
Female Employers and their Maids in New Delhi: ‘This is Our Culture’ | output | 1 | 77,736 | 87 | 232,799 |
The domestic labour market in India reflects how various classes of women manage their daily lives, whether as employers of domestic workers or as employees The cultural underpinnings of various intersecting relationships implicated in this scenario have remained underresearched in India Based on a qualitative study in a specific neighbourhood of New Delhi, this article shows that certain cultural strategies pursued by female employers explain their differential behaviour towards specific groups of maids Observing that these female employers in Delhi prefer Nepali maids over native Indians, even if the latter are willing to work for lower wages, we set out to analyse why and how these employers evaluate immigrant Nepali maids as sharing ‘our’ culture, while native Indians are classified as the cultural ‘other’ © 2020 SAGE Publications | input | 2 | 77,736 | 87 | 232,800 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,750 | 87 | 232,840 |
Beyond shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) and representative concentration pathways (RCPs): climate policy implementation scenarios for Europe, the US and China | output | 1 | 77,750 | 87 | 232,841 |
The 2015 Paris Agreement is falling short of its aspirations, as signatory countries are struggling to implement the policies required to meet the targets The global scenario framework formed by the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) places little emphasis on the dynamics of climate policy implementation Social science approaches to understanding these dynamics are not well-integrated into climate scenario research We apply an implementation research approach to analyse the transition to clean energy in the US and China, as well as two examples from Europe–Germany and Spain–which have shown markedly diverging implementation trajectories We propose four implementation scenarios (ISs) for clean energy worldwide which relate to different configurations of actors in the policy system These are: (1) Civil Society Takes Control (IS1)–where ideologically opposed governments are marginalised by citizens and forward-thinking investors;(2) Strong-arm Transition (IS2)–where a single party state drives the transition without the involvement of civil society;(3) Systemic Limits (IS3)–which highlights the need to focus on the whole energy system, not just renewables;and (4) Renewable Austerity (IS4)–where an economic downturn offers powerful anti-transition actors the opportunity to advocate removal of support for climate mitigation, as they did after the 2007–2008 financial crisis This scenario could be repeated as countries seek to recover from the Covid-19 pandemic Our study offers a framework for structured analysis of real-world constraints faced by implementing actors, which we argue is urgently needed to help national and international policy makers achieve climate goals Key policy insights The world is struggling to implement the Paris Agreement, partly because the complex dynamics of climate policy implementation are poorly understood Social science approaches to understanding these dynamics are not well-integrated into climate scenario research Implementation research focussing on the actors and context provides a useful framework for analysis of implementation efforts from major global carbon emitters The approach offers new and distinctive scenario narratives that go beyond Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) These new scenarios can help policy makers evaluate likely outcomes of climate policy implementation based on information about actors and context © 2020 The Author(s) Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group | input | 2 | 77,750 | 87 | 232,842 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,114 | 87 | 233,932 |
Global Competition & State Intervention. The Genesis of Japan's Motorcycle Global Leaders: Honda, Suzuki, Kawasaki & Yamaha | output | 1 | 78,114 | 87 | 233,933 |
Across Europe, businesses and policy makers are now worried about the future of industries dominated by U S and Chinese companies Since the financial and economic global crisis in 2007, Western industrialized countries have experienced a return to stronger state interventions in the business States, which had previously been reluctant to intervene, implemented interventions to support individual companies or adopted industrial measures for whole sectors Moreover, the pandemic has driven Asian countries to double down on the tradition of state intervention The specific causes of the coronavirus global recession, however, impose a radical and targeted solution Governments should enter key-sectors and cover directly wages and maintenance costs for critical businesses facing shutdown In this context of Government s direct involvement in global business, it is very useful to remember the lesson from the genesis of Japans motorcycle global leaders: Honda, Suzuki, Kawasaki and Yamaha | input | 2 | 78,114 | 87 | 233,934 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,208 | 87 | 234,214 |
Africa: The livestock revolution urbanizes | output | 1 | 78,208 | 87 | 234,215 |
Population growth, rising income and urbanization have fueled a significant increase in demand for animal products in developing countries since the early 1970s. The phenomenon, dubbed as the Livestock Revolution, is anticipated to slow down in the coming decades, except in Africa where the Revolution is expected to continue and urbanize. This paper examines the urbanization of the Livestock Revolution in Africa. It estimates that in 2050 almost 70% of total meat and milk consumption will likely come from cities, with urban dwellers demanding, compared to today, 28 and 47 additional million metric tons of meat and milk, respectively. The consequent transformations of the livestock value chain serving urban and peri-urban areas may pose unprecedented public health and environmental challenges to policy-makers. | input | 2 | 78,208 | 87 | 234,216 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,311 | 87 | 234,523 |
Fintech Peer to Peer Lending as Approach to Encourage Economic Inclusion for Rural Communities in Indonesia | output | 1 | 78,311 | 87 | 234,524 |
The paper aims to explain the use of Peer to Peer Lending-based fintech as a platform in creating economic productivity in Rural Areas in Indonesia. Peer to Peer Lending to suppress economic and social inequalities for people who are far from urban access. As for the background of this writing because Indonesia is one of the countries considered to have the potential to increase economic growth through digital financial inclusion in the Southeast Asia Region, although based on the facts some Indonesian people are still not netted in banking and investment accounts that are largely experienced by rural communities. Peer to Peer Lending is considered potential because it can reach unlimited digital-based financial services. First geographically, the vast area of Indonesia is mostly in rural areas has affect to the lack of financial access for rural communities and low levels of economic productivity. Secondly lack of formal education in rural environment can overcome by Peer to Peer Lending through cutting bureaucracy and tight requirement in conventional banking by using integrated digital and technology of finance. Third, this paper will show that fintech Peer to Peer Lending as the one of sustainable finance rather than the platform has been exists by Indonesia Government for rural areas. In this section, the platform of Peer to Peer Lending can be used to sustainable finance and economy during the recovery pandemics Covid-19, whereas it refers to the concept less physical contact economy. Furthermore the paper has conducting obstacle to implementing Peer to Peer Lending for rural communities include: lack of formal education, infrastructure and public transportation. Therefore the author has draft the framework to overcome the issues that involved strong stakeholder include: national government, bank and financial sector, academic and research institution, non-profit and fintech group. First;strengthening financial and digital literacy for rural communities through empowerment program, the empowerment will focus on practically to using Peer to Peer Lending platform between lenders and borrowers. In this section the empowerment program must emphasize management risk for rural community to using this platform such us identifying the asset of borrowers. The borrowers must have ability identifying and arrange their financial history and asset as building Secondly: the paper will emphasize the structural and system for the readiness of Peer to Peer Lending platform for rural community. This paper will also examine whether the financial of technology based on peer to peer lending is effective for rural communities in Indonesia by conducting and analyzing data;smartphone user, population growth and unbankable MSME’s. The results of the data will used to prove that this platform can reduce social and inequality for rural communities in Indonesia. | input | 2 | 78,311 | 87 | 234,525 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,539 | 87 | 235,207 |
Is A Common Goal A False Hope in Convergence Research?: Opportunities and Challenges of International Convergence Research to Address Arctic Change | output | 1 | 78,539 | 87 | 235,208 |
The Arctic faces multiple pressures including climate change, shifting demographics, human health risks, social justice imbalances, governance issues, and expanding resource extraction. A convergence of academic disciplines—such as natural and social sciences, engineering and technology, health and medicine—and international perspectives is required to meaningfully contribute to solving the challenges of Arctic peoples and ecosystems. However, successfully carrying out convergent, international research and education remains a challenge. Here, lessons from the planning phase of a convergence research project concerned with the health of Arctic waters developed by the Arctic Science IntegrAtion Quest (ASIAQ) are discussed. We discuss our perspective on the challenges, as well as strategies for success, in convergence research as gained from the ASIAQ project which assembled an international consortium of researchers from disparate disciplines representing six universities from four countries (Sweden, Japan, Russia, and the United States) during 2018–2020. | input | 2 | 78,539 | 87 | 235,209 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,613 | 87 | 235,429 |
Mainstreaming resilience analytics: 10 years after the Fukushima disaster | output | 1 | 78,613 | 87 | 235,430 |
Multiple events over the last decade, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrate a global lack of preparedness for low probability but high consequence events. Following the evaluation of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, these authors called for a change from a risk-oriented approach to a resilience-focused framework for managing such disruptions. Over the past five years, the field of resilience analytics has conceptualized further resilience frameworks within the context of infrastructure development; however, the practice of resilience planning is still lagging behind the theories developed in the literature. In this article, we consider the lessons learned from the Fukushima nuclear accident through the lens of newly developed resilience analytics and the ongoing COVID-19-related challenges. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;00:1-4. © 2022 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. | input | 2 | 78,613 | 87 | 235,431 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,660 | 87 | 235,570 |
Should EU member states help each other? How the national context shapes individual preferences for European solidarity | output | 1 | 78,660 | 87 | 235,571 |
With the outbreak of the Eurozone crisis, the idea of providing cross-national financial transfers to countries in economic and financial difficulties has exacerbated the political divide between EU member states with strong macroeconomic performances, which were only weakly hit by the crisis, and the countries of the Eurozone periphery that struggled with a harsh economic downturn. This paper aims to explain which factors drive public support for cross-national solidarity within and across countries. We argue that the national context in which citizens live affects their preferences for providing financial help to other European countries, and moderates the role played by subjective egotropic and sociotropic economic concerns, ideological predispositions, and Eurosceptic vote choices in shaping public support for European solidarity. Using the original REScEU 2016 survey, we find that subjective economic motivations provide a limited contribution in explaining support for European solidarity, and almost only in countries weakly hit by the crisis. On the contrary, left–right positions, and especially Eurosceptic vote choices, strongly polarize preferences for EU financial assistance, both within and across countries with voters from Eurosceptic parties more(less) likely to support European solidarity in countries strongly(weakly) hit by the Eurozone crisis. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1057/s41295-022-00301-9. | input | 2 | 78,660 | 87 | 235,572 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,686 | 87 | 235,648 |
Climate change research and the search for solutions: rethinking interdisciplinarity | output | 1 | 78,686 | 87 | 235,649 |
Growing political pressure to find solutions to climate change is leading to increasing calls for multiple disciplines, in particular those that are not traditionally part of climate change research, to contribute new knowledge systems that can offer deeper and broader insights to address the problem. Recognition of the complexity of climate change compels researchers to draw on interdisciplinary knowledge that marries natural sciences with social sciences and humanities. Yet most interdisciplinary approaches fail to adequately merge the framings of the disparate disciplines, resulting in reductionist messages that are largely devoid of context, and hence provide incomplete and misleading analysis for decision-making. For different knowledge systems to work better together toward climate solutions, we need to reframe the way questions are asked and research pursued, in order to inform action without slipping into reductionism. We suggest that interdisciplinarity needs to be rethought. This will require accepting a plurality of narratives, embracing multiple disciplinary perspectives, and shifting expectations of public messaging, and above all looking to integrate the appropriate disciplines that can help understand human systems in order to better mediate action. | input | 2 | 78,686 | 87 | 235,650 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,780 | 87 | 235,930 |
Risk and Safety; Real and Staged | output | 1 | 78,780 | 87 | 235,931 |
The fossil-fuelled climate crisis brings risk and uncertainty, whereas solutions would bring safety and sustainability. The work of the pre-eminent social scientist of risk, Ulrich Beck, is critically assessed. Risk, risk assessment, and uncertainty are distinguished and scrutinized, as are risk calculability and cultural perceptions of risk, and the actualization of risk into disaster examined. Beck’s arguments that staging is needed to translate scientific findings into popular understanding, and that climate risk is hard to stage, are evaluated. Common stagings are assessed: ‘scare’em to death’, dramatic iconic images, and presenting the climate crisis as opportunities. Beck’s staging framework is then turned right side up by investigating the more significant staging of safety and of discounting danger. Several strategies are examined: staging of faith in market miracles, of mitigation as a job killer, of fossil fuels as poverty reduction, of blamelessness, and of fossil-fuel critics as hypocrites. | input | 2 | 78,780 | 87 | 235,932 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,886 | 87 | 236,248 |
Competitive advantage and internationalization of a circular economy model in apparel multinationals | output | 1 | 78,886 | 87 | 236,249 |
The circular economy model enables businesses to incorporate regenerative manufacturing systems that use closed-loop resources to achieve economic and environmental sustainability. The work focuses on the circular economy’s competitive advantage from the multinationals apparel industry’s internationalization paradigm. A qualitative data analysis technique was used to analyze secondary data obtained for this work. Also, two cases study was selected to demonstrate the circular economy model practice. As a result, the fast fashion industry is increasingly focused on sustainability and environmental value development. Firms need competitive advantages to grow and can grow by leveraging the competitive advantages of the circular economy. Sustainable practices are not only essential for development but also business practices like production and operations. The value creation and competitive advantage in this work can also benefit the practitioners of this discipline when taking internationalization decisions from a circular economy perspective. © 2021 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license. | input | 2 | 78,886 | 87 | 236,250 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,944 | 87 | 236,422 |
Special Drawing Rights: International Monetary Support for Developing Countries in Times of the COVID-19 Crisis | output | 1 | 78,944 | 87 | 236,423 |
A major issuance of special drawing rights (SDRs) through the International Monetary Fund would be a key tool to provide financial support to developing and emerging economies and limit the economic and financial fallout of the COVID-19 crisis SDRs are an unconditional resource, and the case for such an allocation is very strong during an exogenous shock, such as the current one An SDR allocation would enhance the international liquidity in the hands of emerging and developing countries, so that public responses to the health crisis are not imperilled by financial crises Close to two-fifths of a new SDR allocation would directly go to developing and emerging economies In addition, a new mechanism should be created through which countries that do not need their SDR allocation lend them to the IMF, to increase the Fund's lending capacity Developed countries can also allocate the SDRs they do not use for official development assistance © 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston | input | 2 | 78,944 | 87 | 236,424 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,952 | 87 | 236,446 |
Social-ecological feedbacks drive tipping points in farming system diversification | output | 1 | 78,952 | 87 | 236,447 |
The emergence and impact of tipping points have garnered significant interest in both the social and natural sciences. Despite widespread recognition of the importance of feedbacks between human and natural systems, it is often assumed that the observed nonlinear dynamics in these coupled systems rests within either underlying human or natural processes, rather than the rates at which they interact. Using adoption of agricultural diversification practices as a case study, we show how two stable management paradigms (one dominated by conventional, homogeneous practices, the other by diversified practices) can emerge purely from temporal feedbacks between human decisions and ecological responses. We explore how this temporal mechanism of tipping points provides insight into designing more effective interventions that promote farmers transitions towards sustainable agriculture. Moreover, our flexible modeling framework could be applied to other cases to provide insight into numerous questions in social-ecological systems research and environmental policy. | input | 2 | 78,952 | 87 | 236,448 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,012 | 87 | 236,626 |
Political and Ethical Challenges of 2025: Utopian and Dystopian Views | output | 1 | 79,012 | 87 | 236,627 |
A perfect storm of political and ethical challenges may be brewing up through 2025. First, the chapter constructs two opposed scenarios. The utopian or optimistic scenario is progressive and globalizing in orientation and expects the future to transform corporate sustainability radically to social advantage. The dystopian or pessimistic scenario is conservative and even nationalistic and populist in orientation and expects the future to be chaotic for corporate sustainability to social disadvantage. These designed extremes frame a dialogue. Second, each citizen chooses a political and ethical stance in light of expectations about the future and capacity to influence that future. The analysis details three stances at individual citizens and aggregating political party levels. The greater social division increases the importance of a neutral median voter perspective but increases the likelihood of a centrist party disappearing. A business manager assesses how corporate social responsibility (CSR) views and political criticism of capitalism and wealth affect corporate sustainability. | input | 2 | 79,012 | 87 | 236,628 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,087 | 87 | 236,851 |
Death in worship places: Evaluating the roles of religious organisations and state governments in reducing the risks of religious disaster | output | 1 | 79,087 | 87 | 236,852 |
The numbers of accidents and disasters resulting in injury and death of the faithful in religious buildings in many parts of the world are on the increase in recent years. Interestingly, the citizens of the countries where most of the cases are reported are overtly religious and manifest their religiosity by attending religious activities in religious buildings. This, therefore, heightens the impact of a disaster, such as where there is a religious building collapse or a stampede. The attendant social, legal and economic effects of such disasters on religious organisations, religious faithful and society thus necessitate the study. This article critically examines the roles of religious organisations and state governments in reducing the risks of avoidable disasters in religious buildings. It evaluates the reports of two instances of church building collapses in Nigeria as case studies. This article observes that many religious organisations do not have effective risk and safety policies to reduce their exposure to religious disasters. It also observes that the state is ineffective in enforcing building standards. It argues that religious organisations and the state owe a legal duty to protect the lives and guarantee the safety of the faithful against the tragedy that may occur in worship places, and where this duty is breached, and a victim suffers harm, a right to damages will accrue. It concludes that although a religious organisation may not be able to stop all such disasters, having an effective disaster risk policy can assist in reducing the occurrence of avoidable mishaps in religious buildings. | input | 2 | 79,087 | 87 | 236,853 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,112 | 87 | 236,926 |
Viewing the Middle East big three (MEB3) carriers as heterogeneous | output | 1 | 79,112 | 87 | 236,927 |
This paper considers the Middle East big three (MEB3) carriers - Emirates Airline, Etihad Airways and Qatar Airways - from the perspective of heterogeneous strategic decisions and future trajectories This paper is based on an ongoing doctoral research project covering the topic The rise of the MEB3 and their growing global impacts have seen the three major carriers very often analysed together, with little scholarly focus on differences and individual airline strategic decision-making Emirates has typically dominated discussion and analysis, not surprising given its sheer size and global influence, but with Etihad and Qatar simply presented as imitators and followers alongside Likewise, the ongoing blockade of Qatar by neighbouring countries including the United Arab Emirates (UAE), has tended to be viewed as a regional political dispute and not as something likely to fundamentally change the MEB3's apparent collective strategic goals and aspirations The strategic analysis underpinning this paper is predicated on events and trends up to the end of 2019 before the COVID-19 pandemic became a global challenge Each of the MEB3 is analysed individually and against a set of core strategic forces and factors in order to identify the extent to which there is homogeneity and heterogeneity in their respective strategic and business propositions These carriers are also compared with each other;this allows for an evaluation of the strategic path of each airline, as opposed to mere profiling This strategic analysis de-links each individual airline from the typical group analysis which occurs when the MEB3 acronym is employed and it critically challenges a common analytical approach which tends to perceive each carrier as part of a homogenous bloc Key insights surrounding strategic differences are arguably as salient as when derived from viewing all three carriers as essentially the same or similar © 2020 The Authors | input | 2 | 79,112 | 87 | 236,928 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,275 | 87 | 237,415 |
The politics of job retention schemes in Britain: The Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and the Temporary Short Time Working Compensation Scheme | output | 1 | 79,275 | 87 | 237,416 |
The UK Government's introduction of the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS) in March 2020 was pitched as unprecedented. Yet, during the 1970s and 1980s, UK governments also operated wage subsidy job retention schemes. Indeed, despite their professed liberal market orientation, Thatcher's radical right Conservative governments presided over the expansive Temporary Short Time Working Compensation Scheme (TSTWCS) between 1979 and 1984. Drawing upon the work of Gallas (2016), we contend this embrace of wage subsidy schemes by Conservative governments almost 40 years apart emanate from a class politics focused on securing the subordination of labour. In our analysis, the TSTWCS is understood as a mechanism to dampen disquiet with the early Thatcher Government's project to restore employer dominance. And the CJRS is a mechanism to preserve the labour market relations of domination and exploitation successfully embedded by the Conservatives in the 1980s. | input | 2 | 79,275 | 87 | 237,417 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,337 | 87 | 237,601 |
Neglected elements: What we should cover more of in international business research | output | 1 | 79,337 | 87 | 237,602 |
The international business (IB) field is maturing and developing conceptual frameworks, dedicated applications, and precise tools. In the course of this progression, the field has started to break away from its disciplinary roots, establishing parsimonious models using finely tuned but confined approaches. While fruitful in solidifying the sovereignty of the field, this progression comes at the expense of detecting and building on major undercurrents that define the rich IB context. We return here to the foundations of IB research to identify neglected elements and offer suggestions as to why they should and how they can be incorporated to deepen and strengthen the field’s reach and impact. We discuss the neglected elements in five clusters, namely audiences and actors (intended readers and key players), locations (research sites), environmental layers (contextual tiers), history (prior paths), and interactions (among players and elements). We highlight how those clusters taken together on their conceptual underpinnings and empirical proxies will support IB research, first by way of producing a virtuous cycle of theory-to-issue research to open the perennial “black box”; and second by enabling eclectic, interdisciplinary research and retrospective investigation using a multifaceted lens. | input | 2 | 79,337 | 87 | 237,603 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,454 | 87 | 237,952 |
Integrating the resources of Korean disaster management research via the Johari window | output | 1 | 79,454 | 87 | 237,953 |
It is not widely known that quite a few researchers are faced with difficulties in using various resources of disaster management research in Korea. The article aims to assess how rigorously the Korean field of disaster management research resources has been managed or how it can be improved for the ultimate goal of disaster management. Descriptive content analysis has been used as the major methodology by referring to the Johari window. In doing so, electronic research resources have been systematically compared with integrated research resources via the perspective of Korean-speaking researchers and that of English-speaking researchers. The conclusion is that two researchers have to be integrated with all four research resources (open, blind, hidden, and unknown resources) by implementing assigned responsibilities as well as freely asking questions. Ultimately, this will be conducive to reducing down the impacts of disaster in Korea. | input | 2 | 79,454 | 87 | 237,954 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,577 | 87 | 238,321 |
Integration Experiences of Former Afghan Refugees in Australia: What Challenges Still Remain after Becoming Citizens? | output | 1 | 79,577 | 87 | 238,322 |
This paper explores, analyses, and documents the experiences of Afghan-Australians who arrived in Australia as refugees and were granted citizenship after living in Australia for several years. This research adopted a mixed method of qualitative and quantitative approaches and surveyed 102 people, interviewed 13 participants, and conducted two focus-groups within its research design. Analysis of data indicates that former Afghan refugees gradually settled down and integrated within Australian society. They value safety and security, open democracy and orderly society of Australia, as well as accessing to education and healthcare services and opportunity for social mobility. However, since the integration is a long process, they are also facing some challenges in this area. Findings of this study show that Afghan-Australians require more support from Australian governments to overcome some of these challenges particularly securing employment within their area of interests and professional occupations that they have qualifications and experiences from Afghanistan. They are also experiencing broader challenges in the area of socio-cultural issues within Australian society. Since the Afghan community is an emerging community in Western Australia, they require more support from local government to enhance their ethnic cohesion and solidarity. | input | 2 | 79,577 | 87 | 238,323 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,587 | 87 | 238,351 |
Downloading Articles by Russian Researchers Using the Sci-Hub Resource | output | 1 | 79,587 | 87 | 238,352 |
On the basis of the 28 million downloaded articles posted by J. Bohannon and A. Elbakyan on the Internet on the Sci-Hub resource for the period from September 1, 2015 to February 29, 2016, about 1.5 million articles downloaded by Russian researchers were identified. They were distributed by publishing houses of scientific periodicals, cities, and regions of Russia, from which the download took place. As an example, among the 521 cities in Russia, the largest downloads were observed by researchers from Moscow (731 100 articles), St. Petersburg (132 600), Novosibirsk (57 500), Kazan (55 100), and Tomsk (26 400). Comparisons are made with similar downloads of Ukrainian researchers. | input | 2 | 79,587 | 87 | 238,353 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,721 | 87 | 238,753 |
Playing games with Tito: Designing hybrid museum experiences for critical play | output | 1 | 79,721 | 87 | 238,754 |
This article brings together two distinct, but related perspectives on playful museum experiences: Critical play and hybrid design. The article explores the challenges involved in combining these two perspectives, through the design of two hybrid museum experiences that aimed to facilitate critical play with/in the collections of the Museum of Yugoslavia and the highly contested heritage they represent. Based on reflections from the design process as well as feedback from test users we describe a series of challenges: Challenging the norms of visitor behaviour, challenging the role of the artefact, and challenging the curatorial authority. In conclusion we outline some possible design strategies to address these challenges. | input | 2 | 79,721 | 87 | 238,755 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,839 | 87 | 239,107 |
The Way Forward: The Power of Diversity | output | 1 | 79,839 | 87 | 239,108 |
This chapter wraps up the discussion of all chapters by incorporating perspectives of JICA practitioners. We can advance the human security practice in the three dimensions: national, regional, and global. In the national dimension, capacity development and empowerment will play a key role. In the regional dimension, the diversity of “ASEAN Plus Three” can be the source of dynamic community formation in East Asia. In the global dimension, human security can effectively supplement the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by means of its emphasis on risks and vulnerability. Finally, the entanglement of human security and responsibility to protest (R2P) is discussed. Making much of national ownership and dignity, human security is expected to reinforce its influence in East Asia and worldwide. | input | 2 | 79,839 | 87 | 239,109 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,988 | 87 | 239,554 |
Investment, Employment and Aggregate Demand: A New European Industrial and Regional Strategy | output | 1 | 79,988 | 87 | 239,555 |
The recent economic crisis asks for expansive economic policies because already the crisis of 2007-2008 showed the lack of investments and low employment rates as the crucial week points of the European economy. Recently even European Commission recognized the urgency of a large investment plan in Europe to face the Covid's crisis with the launch of the NGEU to reach green and sustainable goals. This underlines the role of development industrial policies and the coordination of the dynamic relationships between cities and regions with Europe giving a big push to territorial development projects. Industrial and development planning should be realized through a multilevel and experimental governance. | input | 2 | 79,988 | 87 | 239,556 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 80,097 | 87 | 239,881 |
The Determinants of International Competitiveness | output | 1 | 80,097 | 87 | 239,882 |
The dynamics of the competitiveness in today's economic environment has received increasing attention focusing on continuous and consistent consideration, requiring more in-depth scientific research. This topic highlights new challenges for competitiveness, at any level, by identifying and analyzing its own determinants. The present paper aims to develop a proposal model for the international competitiveness, starting from the determinants identified in the literature review. The 8-D model of international competitiveness integrates investment, economic freedom, corruption, global knowledge, culture, business performance, innovation and digital economy, and sustainability at the country level. Considering this conceptual model 8-D, the study aims to present an in-depth analysis of the top 5 most developed countries on each determinant proposed during 2019-2021 according to the international reports and ranks. | input | 2 | 80,097 | 87 | 239,883 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 80,196 | 87 | 240,178 |
End of preview. Expand
in Data Studio
- Downloads last month
- 7