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Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. You are given a directed acyclic graph (a directed graph that does not contain cycles) of n vertices and m arcs. The i-th arc leads from the vertex x_i to the vertex y_i and has the weight w_i. Your task is to select an integer a_v for each vertex v, and then write a number b_i on each arcs i such that b_i = a_{x_i} - a_{y_i}. You must select the numbers so that: * all b_i are positive; * the value of the expression ∑ _{i = 1}^{m} w_i b_i is the lowest possible. It can be shown that for any directed acyclic graph with non-negative w_i, such a way to choose numbers exists. Input The first line contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 18; 0 ≤ m ≤ (n(n - 1))/(2)). Then m lines follow, the i-th of them contains three integers x_i, y_i and w_i (1 ≤ x_i, y_i ≤ n, 1 ≤ w_i ≤ 10^5, x_i ≠ y_i) — the description of the i-th arc. It is guaranteed that the lines describe m arcs of a directed acyclic graph without multiple arcs between the same pair of vertices. Output Print n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n (0 ≤ a_v ≤ 10^9), which must be written on the vertices so that all b_i are positive, and the value of the expression ∑ _{i = 1}^{m} w_i b_i is the lowest possible. If there are several answers, print any of them. It can be shown that the answer always exists, and at least one of the optimal answers satisfies the constraints 0 ≤ a_v ≤ 10^9. Examples Input 3 2 2 1 4 1 3 2 Output 1 2 0 Input 5 4 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 3 6 4 5 8 Output 43 42 41 1337 1336 Input 5 5 1 2 1 2 3 1 3 4 1 1 5 1 5 4 10 Output 4 3 2 1 2 Submitted Solution: ``` n, m = map(int, input().split()) D = [0]*(n+1) def cD(n): if type(D[n]) == int: return D[n] else: result = D[n]() D[n] = result return result def cD_(n): return cD(n) def wrap(k): if type(k) == int: return lambda : k else: return k c = 0 for _ in range(m): x, y, w = map(int, input().split()) p = D[x] D[x] = (lambda k, q: (lambda : max(cD_(k) + 1, wrap(q)())))(y, p) for _ in range(n+1): cD(_) print(' '.join(str(x) for x in D[1:])) ```
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No
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Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. You are given a directed acyclic graph (a directed graph that does not contain cycles) of n vertices and m arcs. The i-th arc leads from the vertex x_i to the vertex y_i and has the weight w_i. Your task is to select an integer a_v for each vertex v, and then write a number b_i on each arcs i such that b_i = a_{x_i} - a_{y_i}. You must select the numbers so that: * all b_i are positive; * the value of the expression ∑ _{i = 1}^{m} w_i b_i is the lowest possible. It can be shown that for any directed acyclic graph with non-negative w_i, such a way to choose numbers exists. Input The first line contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 18; 0 ≤ m ≤ (n(n - 1))/(2)). Then m lines follow, the i-th of them contains three integers x_i, y_i and w_i (1 ≤ x_i, y_i ≤ n, 1 ≤ w_i ≤ 10^5, x_i ≠ y_i) — the description of the i-th arc. It is guaranteed that the lines describe m arcs of a directed acyclic graph without multiple arcs between the same pair of vertices. Output Print n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n (0 ≤ a_v ≤ 10^9), which must be written on the vertices so that all b_i are positive, and the value of the expression ∑ _{i = 1}^{m} w_i b_i is the lowest possible. If there are several answers, print any of them. It can be shown that the answer always exists, and at least one of the optimal answers satisfies the constraints 0 ≤ a_v ≤ 10^9. Examples Input 3 2 2 1 4 1 3 2 Output 1 2 0 Input 5 4 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 3 6 4 5 8 Output 43 42 41 1337 1336 Input 5 5 1 2 1 2 3 1 3 4 1 1 5 1 5 4 10 Output 4 3 2 1 2 Submitted Solution: ``` n, m = map(int, input().split()) adj = [[] for i in range(n)] radj = [[] for i in range(n)] out = [0] * n inc = [0] * n diff = [0] * n for _ in range(m): u, v, w = map(int, input().split()) u-=1;v-=1 adj[u].append((v,w)) out[u] += v diff[u] += w diff[v] -= w inc[v] += 1 radj[v].append((u,w)) found = [0] * n topo = [] stack = [i for i in range(n) if inc[i] == 0] while stack: nex = stack.pop() topo.append(nex) for v, _ in adj[nex]: found[v] += 1 if inc[v] == found[v]: stack.append(v) best = [-1] * n bestV = 10 ** 9 out = [n+1] * n for v in topo: tol = n for u, _ in radj[v]: tol = min(out[u], tol) out[v] = tol - 1 import itertools things = [(0,1)]*n for tup in itertools.product(*things): #tup = list(map(int, '111101010011001110')) copy = out[::] for v in topo[::-1]: if tup[v] and len(adj[v]) > 0: smol = 0 for u, _ in adj[v]: smol = max(copy[u], smol) copy[v] = smol + 1 curr = 0 for i in range(n): curr += copy[i] * diff[i] #print(copy, curr) if curr < bestV: bestV = curr best = copy out = [n+1] * n for v in topo[::-1]: tol = 0 for u, _ in adj[v]: tol = max(out[u], tol) out[v] = tol + 1 import itertools things = [(0,1)]*n for tup in itertools.product(*things): copy = out[::] for v in topo: if tup[v] and len(radj[v]) > 0: smol = n + 5 for u, _ in radj[v]: smol = min(copy[u], smol) copy[v] = smol - 1 curr = 0 for i in range(n): curr += copy[i] * diff[i] #print(copy, curr) if curr < bestV: bestV = curr best = copy print(' '.join(map(str,best))) ```
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No
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Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. A tree is a graph with n vertices and exactly n - 1 edges; this graph should meet the following condition: there exists exactly one shortest (by number of edges) path between any pair of its vertices. A subtree of a tree T is a tree with both vertices and edges as subsets of vertices and edges of T. You're given a tree with n vertices. Consider its vertices numbered with integers from 1 to n. Additionally an integer is written on every vertex of this tree. Initially the integer written on the i-th vertex is equal to vi. In one move you can apply the following operation: 1. Select the subtree of the given tree that includes the vertex with number 1. 2. Increase (or decrease) by one all the integers which are written on the vertices of that subtree. Calculate the minimum number of moves that is required to make all the integers written on the vertices of the given tree equal to zero. Input The first line of the input contains n (1 ≤ n ≤ 105). Each of the next n - 1 lines contains two integers ai and bi (1 ≤ ai, bi ≤ n; ai ≠ bi) indicating there's an edge between vertices ai and bi. It's guaranteed that the input graph is a tree. The last line of the input contains a list of n space-separated integers v1, v2, ..., vn (|vi| ≤ 109). Output Print the minimum number of operations needed to solve the task. Please, do not write the %lld specifier to read or write 64-bit integers in С++. It is preferred to use the cin, cout streams or the %I64d specifier. Examples Input 3 1 2 1 3 1 -1 1 Output 3
instruction
0
15,373
13
30,746
Tags: dfs and similar, dp, greedy, trees Correct Solution: ``` import sys def minp(): return sys.stdin.readline().strip() n = int(minp()) e = [0] p = [None]*(n+1) for i in range(n): e.append([]) for i in range(n-1): a, b = map(int,minp().split()) e[a].append(b) e[b].append(a) v = list(map(int,minp().split())) plus = [0]*(n+1) minus = [0]*(n+1) was = [False]*(n+1) was[1] = True i = 0 j = 1 q = [0]*(n+100) q[0] = 1 p[1] = 0 while i < j: x = q[i] i += 1 for y in e[x]: if not was[y]: was[y] = True p[y] = x q[j] = y j += 1 i = j-1 while i >= 0: x = q[i] i -= 1 s = minus[x] - plus[x] z = v[x-1] + s pp = p[x] #print(x, p[x], plus[x], minus[x], '-', s[x], v[x-1]+s[x], v[0]+s[1]) #print(-(plus[x]-minus[x]),s[x]) minus[pp] = max(minus[x],minus[pp]) plus[pp] = max(plus[x],plus[pp]) if z > 0: plus[pp] = max(plus[pp],plus[x]+z) elif z < 0: minus[pp] = max(minus[pp],minus[x]-z) #print(v[0]) #print(plus[0], minus[0]) print(plus[0] + minus[0]) ```
output
1
15,373
13
30,747
Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. As you know, an undirected connected graph with n nodes and n - 1 edges is called a tree. You are given an integer d and a tree consisting of n nodes. Each node i has a value ai associated with it. We call a set S of tree nodes valid if following conditions are satisfied: 1. S is non-empty. 2. S is connected. In other words, if nodes u and v are in S, then all nodes lying on the simple path between u and v should also be presented in S. 3. <image>. Your task is to count the number of valid sets. Since the result can be very large, you must print its remainder modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7). Input The first line contains two space-separated integers d (0 ≤ d ≤ 2000) and n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2000). The second line contains n space-separated positive integers a1, a2, ..., an(1 ≤ ai ≤ 2000). Then the next n - 1 line each contain pair of integers u and v (1 ≤ u, v ≤ n) denoting that there is an edge between u and v. It is guaranteed that these edges form a tree. Output Print the number of valid sets modulo 1000000007. Examples Input 1 4 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 Output 8 Input 0 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 3 Output 3 Input 4 8 7 8 7 5 4 6 4 10 1 6 1 2 5 8 1 3 3 5 6 7 3 4 Output 41 Note In the first sample, there are exactly 8 valid sets: {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {3, 4} and {1, 3, 4}. Set {1, 2, 3, 4} is not valid, because the third condition isn't satisfied. Set {1, 4} satisfies the third condition, but conflicts with the second condition.
instruction
0
15,443
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Tags: dfs and similar, dp, math, trees Correct Solution: ``` import sys def readInts(): return [int(x) for x in sys.stdin.readline().split()] def readInt(): return int(sys.stdin.readline()) def print(x): sys.stdout.write(str(x) + '\n') def solve(): MOD = int(1e9 + 7) d, n = readInts() a = readInts() adj: list = [[] for _ in range(n)] for _ in range(n - 1): u, v = readInts() adj[u - 1].append(v - 1) adj[v - 1].append(u - 1) vis = [False for _ in range(n)] f = [0 for _ in range(n)] def dfs(cur, root): vis[cur] = True f[cur] = 1 for neigh in adj[cur]: if vis[neigh]: continue if not (a[root] <= a[neigh] <= a[root] + d): continue if a[neigh] == a[root] and neigh < root: continue dfs(neigh, root) f[cur] *= f[neigh] + 1 f[cur] %= MOD ans = 0 for i in range(0, n): vis = [False for _ in range(n)] f = [0 for _ in range(n)] dfs(i, i) ans += f[i] ans %= MOD print(ans) def main(): t = 1 # t = readInt() for _ in range(t): solve() main() ```
output
1
15,443
13
30,887
Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. As you know, an undirected connected graph with n nodes and n - 1 edges is called a tree. You are given an integer d and a tree consisting of n nodes. Each node i has a value ai associated with it. We call a set S of tree nodes valid if following conditions are satisfied: 1. S is non-empty. 2. S is connected. In other words, if nodes u and v are in S, then all nodes lying on the simple path between u and v should also be presented in S. 3. <image>. Your task is to count the number of valid sets. Since the result can be very large, you must print its remainder modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7). Input The first line contains two space-separated integers d (0 ≤ d ≤ 2000) and n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2000). The second line contains n space-separated positive integers a1, a2, ..., an(1 ≤ ai ≤ 2000). Then the next n - 1 line each contain pair of integers u and v (1 ≤ u, v ≤ n) denoting that there is an edge between u and v. It is guaranteed that these edges form a tree. Output Print the number of valid sets modulo 1000000007. Examples Input 1 4 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 Output 8 Input 0 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 3 Output 3 Input 4 8 7 8 7 5 4 6 4 10 1 6 1 2 5 8 1 3 3 5 6 7 3 4 Output 41 Note In the first sample, there are exactly 8 valid sets: {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {3, 4} and {1, 3, 4}. Set {1, 2, 3, 4} is not valid, because the third condition isn't satisfied. Set {1, 4} satisfies the third condition, but conflicts with the second condition.
instruction
0
15,444
13
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Tags: dfs and similar, dp, math, trees Correct Solution: ``` d, n = map(int, input().split()) M = 10**9+7 a = list(map(int, input().split())) g = [[] for _ in range(n)] for _ in range(n-1): u, v = map(int, input().split()) u -= 1 v -= 1 g[u].append(v) g[v].append(u) vis = [0]*n def dfs(i, prev, j): s = 1 for v in g[i]: if 0 < a[v] - a[j] <= d or a[v] == a[j] and v > j: if v != prev: s += s * dfs(v, i, j) % M return s print(sum(dfs(i, -1, i) for i in range(n))%M) ```
output
1
15,444
13
30,889
Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. As you know, an undirected connected graph with n nodes and n - 1 edges is called a tree. You are given an integer d and a tree consisting of n nodes. Each node i has a value ai associated with it. We call a set S of tree nodes valid if following conditions are satisfied: 1. S is non-empty. 2. S is connected. In other words, if nodes u and v are in S, then all nodes lying on the simple path between u and v should also be presented in S. 3. <image>. Your task is to count the number of valid sets. Since the result can be very large, you must print its remainder modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7). Input The first line contains two space-separated integers d (0 ≤ d ≤ 2000) and n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2000). The second line contains n space-separated positive integers a1, a2, ..., an(1 ≤ ai ≤ 2000). Then the next n - 1 line each contain pair of integers u and v (1 ≤ u, v ≤ n) denoting that there is an edge between u and v. It is guaranteed that these edges form a tree. Output Print the number of valid sets modulo 1000000007. Examples Input 1 4 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 Output 8 Input 0 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 3 Output 3 Input 4 8 7 8 7 5 4 6 4 10 1 6 1 2 5 8 1 3 3 5 6 7 3 4 Output 41 Note In the first sample, there are exactly 8 valid sets: {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {3, 4} and {1, 3, 4}. Set {1, 2, 3, 4} is not valid, because the third condition isn't satisfied. Set {1, 4} satisfies the third condition, but conflicts with the second condition.
instruction
0
15,445
13
30,890
Tags: dfs and similar, dp, math, trees Correct Solution: ``` d, n = map(int,input().split()) a = list(map(int, input().split())) mas = [[] for _ in range(n+1)] MOD = 1000000007 for _ in range(n-1): u, v = map(int,input().split()) mas[u].append(v) mas[v].append(u) # #mas = [[],[2,3,10],[1,6,7],[1],[7],[9],[2],[2,4,11],[9],[5,8,10],[1,9,12],[7],[10]] # mas = [[],[2,3],[1],[1,4],[3]] # a = [0,2,1,3,2] # d = 1 # print('mas:',mas) # print('a:',a) k = 0 def dfs(nomer,mas,tyt_yge_bili,f,nach): global k f[nomer] = 1; # print(nomer ,"--", nach) tyt_yge_bili[nomer] = True # f.append(a[nomer-1]) # # print(f) # if max(f)-min(f)<=d: # k+=1 # print(f) for j in mas[nomer]: if tyt_yge_bili[j]!=True: if not ((a[j-1] < a[nach-1]) or (a[j-1] > a[nach-1] + d)) and not ((a[j-1] == a[nach-1]) and (j < nach)): dfs(j,mas,tyt_yge_bili,f,nach) # print(a[j-1],a[nach-1]) f[nomer] = (f[nomer] * (f[j] + 1)) % MOD rez = 0 for z in range(1,n+1): f = [] tyt_yge_bili = [] for _ in range(n+1): f.append(0) tyt_yge_bili.append(0) dfs(z,mas,tyt_yge_bili,f , z) rez = (rez + f[z]) % MOD print(rez) ```
output
1
15,445
13
30,891
Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. As you know, an undirected connected graph with n nodes and n - 1 edges is called a tree. You are given an integer d and a tree consisting of n nodes. Each node i has a value ai associated with it. We call a set S of tree nodes valid if following conditions are satisfied: 1. S is non-empty. 2. S is connected. In other words, if nodes u and v are in S, then all nodes lying on the simple path between u and v should also be presented in S. 3. <image>. Your task is to count the number of valid sets. Since the result can be very large, you must print its remainder modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7). Input The first line contains two space-separated integers d (0 ≤ d ≤ 2000) and n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2000). The second line contains n space-separated positive integers a1, a2, ..., an(1 ≤ ai ≤ 2000). Then the next n - 1 line each contain pair of integers u and v (1 ≤ u, v ≤ n) denoting that there is an edge between u and v. It is guaranteed that these edges form a tree. Output Print the number of valid sets modulo 1000000007. Examples Input 1 4 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 Output 8 Input 0 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 3 Output 3 Input 4 8 7 8 7 5 4 6 4 10 1 6 1 2 5 8 1 3 3 5 6 7 3 4 Output 41 Note In the first sample, there are exactly 8 valid sets: {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {3, 4} and {1, 3, 4}. Set {1, 2, 3, 4} is not valid, because the third condition isn't satisfied. Set {1, 4} satisfies the third condition, but conflicts with the second condition.
instruction
0
15,446
13
30,892
Tags: dfs and similar, dp, math, trees Correct Solution: ``` f = lambda: map(int, input().split()) m = 1000000007 d, n = f() t = list(f()) p = [[] for i in range(n)] for j in range(n - 1): u, v = f() p[u - 1].append(v - 1) p[v - 1].append(u - 1) def g(u, x, y): s = 1 for v in p[u]: if 0 < t[v] - t[y] <= d or t[v] == t[y] and v > y: if v != x: s += s * g(v, u, y) % m return s print(sum(g(y, -1, y) for y in range(n)) % m) ```
output
1
15,446
13
30,893
Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. As you know, an undirected connected graph with n nodes and n - 1 edges is called a tree. You are given an integer d and a tree consisting of n nodes. Each node i has a value ai associated with it. We call a set S of tree nodes valid if following conditions are satisfied: 1. S is non-empty. 2. S is connected. In other words, if nodes u and v are in S, then all nodes lying on the simple path between u and v should also be presented in S. 3. <image>. Your task is to count the number of valid sets. Since the result can be very large, you must print its remainder modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7). Input The first line contains two space-separated integers d (0 ≤ d ≤ 2000) and n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2000). The second line contains n space-separated positive integers a1, a2, ..., an(1 ≤ ai ≤ 2000). Then the next n - 1 line each contain pair of integers u and v (1 ≤ u, v ≤ n) denoting that there is an edge between u and v. It is guaranteed that these edges form a tree. Output Print the number of valid sets modulo 1000000007. Examples Input 1 4 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 Output 8 Input 0 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 3 Output 3 Input 4 8 7 8 7 5 4 6 4 10 1 6 1 2 5 8 1 3 3 5 6 7 3 4 Output 41 Note In the first sample, there are exactly 8 valid sets: {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {3, 4} and {1, 3, 4}. Set {1, 2, 3, 4} is not valid, because the third condition isn't satisfied. Set {1, 4} satisfies the third condition, but conflicts with the second condition.
instruction
0
15,447
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Tags: dfs and similar, dp, math, trees Correct Solution: ``` d, n = map(int,input().split()) a = list(map(int, input().split())) mas = [[] for _ in range(n+1)] MOD = 1000000007 for _ in range(n-1): u, v = map(int,input().split()) mas[u].append(v) mas[v].append(u) def dfs(nomer,mas,tyt_yge_bili,f,nach): f[nomer] = 1; tyt_yge_bili[nomer] = True for j in mas[nomer]: if tyt_yge_bili[j]!=True: if ((a[j-1] >= a[nach-1]) and (a[j-1] <= a[nach-1] + d)) and ((a[j-1] != a[nach-1]) or (j >= nach)): dfs(j,mas,tyt_yge_bili,f,nach) f[nomer] = (f[nomer] * (f[j] + 1)) % MOD rez = 0 for z in range(1,n+1): f = [] tyt_yge_bili = [] for _ in range(n+1): f.append(0) tyt_yge_bili.append(0) dfs(z,mas,tyt_yge_bili,f , z) rez = (rez + f[z]) % MOD print(rez) ```
output
1
15,447
13
30,895
Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. As you know, an undirected connected graph with n nodes and n - 1 edges is called a tree. You are given an integer d and a tree consisting of n nodes. Each node i has a value ai associated with it. We call a set S of tree nodes valid if following conditions are satisfied: 1. S is non-empty. 2. S is connected. In other words, if nodes u and v are in S, then all nodes lying on the simple path between u and v should also be presented in S. 3. <image>. Your task is to count the number of valid sets. Since the result can be very large, you must print its remainder modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7). Input The first line contains two space-separated integers d (0 ≤ d ≤ 2000) and n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2000). The second line contains n space-separated positive integers a1, a2, ..., an(1 ≤ ai ≤ 2000). Then the next n - 1 line each contain pair of integers u and v (1 ≤ u, v ≤ n) denoting that there is an edge between u and v. It is guaranteed that these edges form a tree. Output Print the number of valid sets modulo 1000000007. Examples Input 1 4 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 Output 8 Input 0 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 3 Output 3 Input 4 8 7 8 7 5 4 6 4 10 1 6 1 2 5 8 1 3 3 5 6 7 3 4 Output 41 Note In the first sample, there are exactly 8 valid sets: {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {3, 4} and {1, 3, 4}. Set {1, 2, 3, 4} is not valid, because the third condition isn't satisfied. Set {1, 4} satisfies the third condition, but conflicts with the second condition.
instruction
0
15,448
13
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Tags: dfs and similar, dp, math, trees Correct Solution: ``` import sys def readInts(): return [int(x) for x in sys.stdin.readline().split()] def readInt(): return int(sys.stdin.readline()) def print(x): sys.stdout.write(str(x) + '\n') def solve(): MOD = int(1e9 + 7) d, n = readInts() a = [0] + readInts() adj: list = [[] for _ in range(n + 1)] for _ in range(n - 1): u, v = readInts() adj[u].append(v) adj[v].append(u) vis = [False for _ in range(n + 1)] f = [0 for _ in range(n + 1)] def dfs(cur, root): vis[cur] = True f[cur] = 1 for neigh in adj[cur]: if vis[neigh]: continue if not (a[root] <= a[neigh] <= a[root] + d): continue if a[neigh] == a[root] and neigh < root: continue dfs(neigh, root) f[cur] *= f[neigh] + 1 f[cur] %= MOD ans = 0 for i in range(1, n + 1): vis = [False for _ in range(n + 1)] f = [0 for _ in range(n + 1)] dfs(i, i) ans += f[i] ans %= MOD print(ans) def main(): t = 1 # t = readInt() for _ in range(t): solve() main() ```
output
1
15,448
13
30,897
Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. As you know, an undirected connected graph with n nodes and n - 1 edges is called a tree. You are given an integer d and a tree consisting of n nodes. Each node i has a value ai associated with it. We call a set S of tree nodes valid if following conditions are satisfied: 1. S is non-empty. 2. S is connected. In other words, if nodes u and v are in S, then all nodes lying on the simple path between u and v should also be presented in S. 3. <image>. Your task is to count the number of valid sets. Since the result can be very large, you must print its remainder modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7). Input The first line contains two space-separated integers d (0 ≤ d ≤ 2000) and n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2000). The second line contains n space-separated positive integers a1, a2, ..., an(1 ≤ ai ≤ 2000). Then the next n - 1 line each contain pair of integers u and v (1 ≤ u, v ≤ n) denoting that there is an edge between u and v. It is guaranteed that these edges form a tree. Output Print the number of valid sets modulo 1000000007. Examples Input 1 4 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 Output 8 Input 0 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 3 Output 3 Input 4 8 7 8 7 5 4 6 4 10 1 6 1 2 5 8 1 3 3 5 6 7 3 4 Output 41 Note In the first sample, there are exactly 8 valid sets: {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {3, 4} and {1, 3, 4}. Set {1, 2, 3, 4} is not valid, because the third condition isn't satisfied. Set {1, 4} satisfies the third condition, but conflicts with the second condition.
instruction
0
15,449
13
30,898
Tags: dfs and similar, dp, math, trees Correct Solution: ``` d, n = map(int,input().split()) a = list(map(int, input().split())) mas = [[] for _ in range(n+1)] MOD = 1000000007 for _ in range(n-1): u, v = map(int,input().split()) mas[u].append(v) mas[v].append(u) # #mas = [[],[2,3,10],[1,6,7],[1],[7],[9],[2],[2,4,11],[9],[5,8,10],[1,9,12],[7],[10]] # mas = [[],[2,3],[1],[1,4],[3]] # a = [0,2,1,3,2] # d = 1 # print('mas:',mas) # print('a:',a) k = 0 def dfs(nomer,mas,tyt_yge_bili,f,nach): global k f[nomer] = 1; # print(nomer ,"--", nach) tyt_yge_bili[nomer] = True # f.append(a[nomer-1]) # # print(f) # if max(f)-min(f)<=d: # k+=1 # print(f) for j in mas[nomer]: if tyt_yge_bili[j]!=True: if ((a[j-1] >= a[nach-1]) and (a[j-1] <= a[nach-1] + d)) and ((a[j-1] != a[nach-1]) or (j >= nach)): dfs(j,mas,tyt_yge_bili,f,nach) # print(a[j-1],a[nach-1]) f[nomer] = (f[nomer] * (f[j] + 1)) % MOD rez = 0 for z in range(1,n+1): f = [] tyt_yge_bili = [] for _ in range(n+1): f.append(0) tyt_yge_bili.append(0) dfs(z,mas,tyt_yge_bili,f , z) rez = (rez + f[z]) % MOD print(rez) ```
output
1
15,449
13
30,899
Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. As you know, an undirected connected graph with n nodes and n - 1 edges is called a tree. You are given an integer d and a tree consisting of n nodes. Each node i has a value ai associated with it. We call a set S of tree nodes valid if following conditions are satisfied: 1. S is non-empty. 2. S is connected. In other words, if nodes u and v are in S, then all nodes lying on the simple path between u and v should also be presented in S. 3. <image>. Your task is to count the number of valid sets. Since the result can be very large, you must print its remainder modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7). Input The first line contains two space-separated integers d (0 ≤ d ≤ 2000) and n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2000). The second line contains n space-separated positive integers a1, a2, ..., an(1 ≤ ai ≤ 2000). Then the next n - 1 line each contain pair of integers u and v (1 ≤ u, v ≤ n) denoting that there is an edge between u and v. It is guaranteed that these edges form a tree. Output Print the number of valid sets modulo 1000000007. Examples Input 1 4 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 Output 8 Input 0 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 3 Output 3 Input 4 8 7 8 7 5 4 6 4 10 1 6 1 2 5 8 1 3 3 5 6 7 3 4 Output 41 Note In the first sample, there are exactly 8 valid sets: {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {3, 4} and {1, 3, 4}. Set {1, 2, 3, 4} is not valid, because the third condition isn't satisfied. Set {1, 4} satisfies the third condition, but conflicts with the second condition.
instruction
0
15,450
13
30,900
Tags: dfs and similar, dp, math, trees Correct Solution: ``` import sys def readInts(): return [int(x) for x in sys.stdin.readline().split()] def readInt(): return int(sys.stdin.readline()) # def print(x): # sys.stdout.write(str(x) + '\n') def solve(): MOD = int(1e9 + 7) d, n = readInts() a = readInts() adj: list = [[] for _ in range(n)] for _ in range(n - 1): u, v = readInts() adj[u - 1].append(v - 1) adj[v - 1].append(u - 1) vis = [False for _ in range(n)] f = [0 for _ in range(n)] def dfs(cur, root): vis[cur] = True f[cur] = 1 for neigh in adj[cur]: if vis[neigh]: continue if not (a[root] <= a[neigh] <= a[root] + d): continue if a[neigh] == a[root] and neigh < root: continue dfs(neigh, root) f[cur] *= f[neigh] + 1 f[cur] %= MOD ans = 0 for i in range(0, n): vis = [False for _ in range(n)] f = [0 for _ in range(n)] dfs(i, i) ans += f[i] ans %= MOD print(ans) def main(): t = 1 # t = readInt() for _ in range(t): solve() main() ```
output
1
15,450
13
30,901
Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. As you know, an undirected connected graph with n nodes and n - 1 edges is called a tree. You are given an integer d and a tree consisting of n nodes. Each node i has a value ai associated with it. We call a set S of tree nodes valid if following conditions are satisfied: 1. S is non-empty. 2. S is connected. In other words, if nodes u and v are in S, then all nodes lying on the simple path between u and v should also be presented in S. 3. <image>. Your task is to count the number of valid sets. Since the result can be very large, you must print its remainder modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7). Input The first line contains two space-separated integers d (0 ≤ d ≤ 2000) and n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2000). The second line contains n space-separated positive integers a1, a2, ..., an(1 ≤ ai ≤ 2000). Then the next n - 1 line each contain pair of integers u and v (1 ≤ u, v ≤ n) denoting that there is an edge between u and v. It is guaranteed that these edges form a tree. Output Print the number of valid sets modulo 1000000007. Examples Input 1 4 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 Output 8 Input 0 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 3 Output 3 Input 4 8 7 8 7 5 4 6 4 10 1 6 1 2 5 8 1 3 3 5 6 7 3 4 Output 41 Note In the first sample, there are exactly 8 valid sets: {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {3, 4} and {1, 3, 4}. Set {1, 2, 3, 4} is not valid, because the third condition isn't satisfied. Set {1, 4} satisfies the third condition, but conflicts with the second condition. Submitted Solution: ``` f = lambda: map(int, input().split()) m = 1000000007 d, n = f() t = list(f()) p = [[] for i in range(n)] for j in range(n - 1): u, v = f() u -= 1 v -= 1 p[u].append(v) p[v].append(u) def g(u, x, a, b, q): k = 1 for v in p[u]: if a < t[v] <= b or t[v] == a and v > q: if v != x: k += k * g(v, u, a, b, q) % m return k s = 0 for q in range(n): a = t[q] b = a + d s += g(q, -1, a, b, q) print(s % m) ```
instruction
0
15,451
13
30,902
Yes
output
1
15,451
13
30,903
Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. As you know, an undirected connected graph with n nodes and n - 1 edges is called a tree. You are given an integer d and a tree consisting of n nodes. Each node i has a value ai associated with it. We call a set S of tree nodes valid if following conditions are satisfied: 1. S is non-empty. 2. S is connected. In other words, if nodes u and v are in S, then all nodes lying on the simple path between u and v should also be presented in S. 3. <image>. Your task is to count the number of valid sets. Since the result can be very large, you must print its remainder modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7). Input The first line contains two space-separated integers d (0 ≤ d ≤ 2000) and n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2000). The second line contains n space-separated positive integers a1, a2, ..., an(1 ≤ ai ≤ 2000). Then the next n - 1 line each contain pair of integers u and v (1 ≤ u, v ≤ n) denoting that there is an edge between u and v. It is guaranteed that these edges form a tree. Output Print the number of valid sets modulo 1000000007. Examples Input 1 4 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 Output 8 Input 0 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 3 Output 3 Input 4 8 7 8 7 5 4 6 4 10 1 6 1 2 5 8 1 3 3 5 6 7 3 4 Output 41 Note In the first sample, there are exactly 8 valid sets: {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {3, 4} and {1, 3, 4}. Set {1, 2, 3, 4} is not valid, because the third condition isn't satisfied. Set {1, 4} satisfies the third condition, but conflicts with the second condition. Submitted Solution: ``` mod=10**9+7 d,n=map(int,input().split()) a=[0]+list(map(int,input().split())) tree=[[] for _ in range(n+1)] for _ in range(n-1): u,v=map(int,input().split()) tree[u].append(v) tree[v].append(u) def dfs(u,root): visited[u]=True f[u]=1 for i in tree[u]: if visited[i]==False: if a[i]<a[root] or a[i]>a[root]+d:continue if a[i]==a[root] and i<root: continue dfs(i,root) f[u]=(f[u]*(f[i]+1))%(mod) ans=0 for i in range(1,n+1): visited = [False] * (n+1) f = [0] * (n+1) dfs(i,i) ans=(ans+f[i])%mod print(ans) ```
instruction
0
15,452
13
30,904
Yes
output
1
15,452
13
30,905
Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. As you know, an undirected connected graph with n nodes and n - 1 edges is called a tree. You are given an integer d and a tree consisting of n nodes. Each node i has a value ai associated with it. We call a set S of tree nodes valid if following conditions are satisfied: 1. S is non-empty. 2. S is connected. In other words, if nodes u and v are in S, then all nodes lying on the simple path between u and v should also be presented in S. 3. <image>. Your task is to count the number of valid sets. Since the result can be very large, you must print its remainder modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7). Input The first line contains two space-separated integers d (0 ≤ d ≤ 2000) and n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2000). The second line contains n space-separated positive integers a1, a2, ..., an(1 ≤ ai ≤ 2000). Then the next n - 1 line each contain pair of integers u and v (1 ≤ u, v ≤ n) denoting that there is an edge between u and v. It is guaranteed that these edges form a tree. Output Print the number of valid sets modulo 1000000007. Examples Input 1 4 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 Output 8 Input 0 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 3 Output 3 Input 4 8 7 8 7 5 4 6 4 10 1 6 1 2 5 8 1 3 3 5 6 7 3 4 Output 41 Note In the first sample, there are exactly 8 valid sets: {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {3, 4} and {1, 3, 4}. Set {1, 2, 3, 4} is not valid, because the third condition isn't satisfied. Set {1, 4} satisfies the third condition, but conflicts with the second condition. Submitted Solution: ``` d, n = map(int,input().split()) a = list(map(int, input().split())) mas = [[] for _ in range(n+1)] MOD = 1000000007 for _ in range(n-1): u, v = map(int,input().split()) mas[u].append(v) mas[v].append(u) # #mas = [[],[2,3,10],[1,6,7],[1],[7],[9],[2],[2,4,11],[9],[5,8,10],[1,9,12],[7],[10]] # mas = [[],[2,3],[1],[1,4],[3]] # a = [0,2,1,3,2] # d = 1 # print('mas:',mas) # print('a:',a) k = 0 def dfs(nomer,mas,tyt_yge_bili,f,nach): global k f[nomer] = 1; # print(nomer ,"--", nach) if nomer not in tyt_yge_bili: tyt_yge_bili.append(nomer) # f.append(a[nomer-1]) # # print(f) # if max(f)-min(f)<=d: # k+=1 # print(f) for j in mas[nomer]: if j not in tyt_yge_bili: if not ((a[j-1] < a[nach-1]) or (a[j-1] > a[nach-1] + d)) and not ((a[j-1] == a[nach-1]) and (j < nach)): dfs(j,mas,tyt_yge_bili,f,nach) # print(a[j-1],a[nach-1]) f[nomer] = (f[nomer] * (f[j] + 1)) % MOD rez = 0 for z in range(1,n+1): f = [0 for _ in range(n+1)] tyt_yge_bili = [] dfs(z,mas,tyt_yge_bili,f , z) rez += f[z] print(rez) ```
instruction
0
15,453
13
30,906
No
output
1
15,453
13
30,907
Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. As you know, an undirected connected graph with n nodes and n - 1 edges is called a tree. You are given an integer d and a tree consisting of n nodes. Each node i has a value ai associated with it. We call a set S of tree nodes valid if following conditions are satisfied: 1. S is non-empty. 2. S is connected. In other words, if nodes u and v are in S, then all nodes lying on the simple path between u and v should also be presented in S. 3. <image>. Your task is to count the number of valid sets. Since the result can be very large, you must print its remainder modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7). Input The first line contains two space-separated integers d (0 ≤ d ≤ 2000) and n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2000). The second line contains n space-separated positive integers a1, a2, ..., an(1 ≤ ai ≤ 2000). Then the next n - 1 line each contain pair of integers u and v (1 ≤ u, v ≤ n) denoting that there is an edge between u and v. It is guaranteed that these edges form a tree. Output Print the number of valid sets modulo 1000000007. Examples Input 1 4 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 Output 8 Input 0 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 3 Output 3 Input 4 8 7 8 7 5 4 6 4 10 1 6 1 2 5 8 1 3 3 5 6 7 3 4 Output 41 Note In the first sample, there are exactly 8 valid sets: {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {3, 4} and {1, 3, 4}. Set {1, 2, 3, 4} is not valid, because the third condition isn't satisfied. Set {1, 4} satisfies the third condition, but conflicts with the second condition. Submitted Solution: ``` from bisect import bisect print( bisect([1,3,7],4)) ```
instruction
0
15,454
13
30,908
No
output
1
15,454
13
30,909
Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. As you know, an undirected connected graph with n nodes and n - 1 edges is called a tree. You are given an integer d and a tree consisting of n nodes. Each node i has a value ai associated with it. We call a set S of tree nodes valid if following conditions are satisfied: 1. S is non-empty. 2. S is connected. In other words, if nodes u and v are in S, then all nodes lying on the simple path between u and v should also be presented in S. 3. <image>. Your task is to count the number of valid sets. Since the result can be very large, you must print its remainder modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7). Input The first line contains two space-separated integers d (0 ≤ d ≤ 2000) and n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2000). The second line contains n space-separated positive integers a1, a2, ..., an(1 ≤ ai ≤ 2000). Then the next n - 1 line each contain pair of integers u and v (1 ≤ u, v ≤ n) denoting that there is an edge between u and v. It is guaranteed that these edges form a tree. Output Print the number of valid sets modulo 1000000007. Examples Input 1 4 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 Output 8 Input 0 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 3 Output 3 Input 4 8 7 8 7 5 4 6 4 10 1 6 1 2 5 8 1 3 3 5 6 7 3 4 Output 41 Note In the first sample, there are exactly 8 valid sets: {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {3, 4} and {1, 3, 4}. Set {1, 2, 3, 4} is not valid, because the third condition isn't satisfied. Set {1, 4} satisfies the third condition, but conflicts with the second condition. Submitted Solution: ``` f = lambda: map(int, input().split()) d, n = f() t = list(f()) p = [[] for i in range(n)] for j in range(n - 1): u, v = f() u -= 1 v -= 1 p[u].append(v) p[v].append(u) def g(u, x, a, b, q): k = 1 for v in p[u]: if a < t[v] <= b or t[v] == a and v > q: if v != x: k *= g(v, u, a, b, q) return k + 1 s = 0 for q in range(n): a = t[q] b = a + d s += g(q, -1, a, b, q) print(s - n) ```
instruction
0
15,455
13
30,910
No
output
1
15,455
13
30,911
Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. As you know, an undirected connected graph with n nodes and n - 1 edges is called a tree. You are given an integer d and a tree consisting of n nodes. Each node i has a value ai associated with it. We call a set S of tree nodes valid if following conditions are satisfied: 1. S is non-empty. 2. S is connected. In other words, if nodes u and v are in S, then all nodes lying on the simple path between u and v should also be presented in S. 3. <image>. Your task is to count the number of valid sets. Since the result can be very large, you must print its remainder modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7). Input The first line contains two space-separated integers d (0 ≤ d ≤ 2000) and n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2000). The second line contains n space-separated positive integers a1, a2, ..., an(1 ≤ ai ≤ 2000). Then the next n - 1 line each contain pair of integers u and v (1 ≤ u, v ≤ n) denoting that there is an edge between u and v. It is guaranteed that these edges form a tree. Output Print the number of valid sets modulo 1000000007. Examples Input 1 4 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 Output 8 Input 0 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 3 Output 3 Input 4 8 7 8 7 5 4 6 4 10 1 6 1 2 5 8 1 3 3 5 6 7 3 4 Output 41 Note In the first sample, there are exactly 8 valid sets: {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {3, 4} and {1, 3, 4}. Set {1, 2, 3, 4} is not valid, because the third condition isn't satisfied. Set {1, 4} satisfies the third condition, but conflicts with the second condition. Submitted Solution: ``` d, n = map(int,input().split()) a = list(map(int, input().split())) mas = [[] for _ in range(n+1)] MOD = 1000000007 for _ in range(n-1): u, v = map(int,input().split()) mas[u].append(v) mas[v].append(u) # #mas = [[],[2,3,10],[1,6,7],[1],[7],[9],[2],[2,4,11],[9],[5,8,10],[1,9,12],[7],[10]] # mas = [[],[2,3],[1],[1,4],[3]] # a = [0,2,1,3,2] # d = 1 # print('mas:',mas) # print('a:',a) k = 0 def dfs(nomer,mas,tyt_yge_bili,f,nach): global k f[nomer] = 1; # print(nomer ,"--", nach) tyt_yge_bili[nomer] = True # f.append(a[nomer-1]) # # print(f) # if max(f)-min(f)<=d: # k+=1 # print(f) for j in mas[nomer]: if tyt_yge_bili[j]!=True: if not ((a[j-1] < a[nach-1]) or (a[j-1] > a[nach-1] + d)) and not ((a[j-1] == a[nach-1]) and (j < nach)): dfs(j,mas,tyt_yge_bili,f,nach) # print(a[j-1],a[nach-1]) f[nomer] = (f[nomer] * (f[j] + 1)) % MOD rez = 0 for z in range(1,n+1): f = [] tyt_yge_bili = [] for _ in range(n+1): f.append(0) tyt_yge_bili.append(0) dfs(z,mas,tyt_yge_bili,f , z) rez += f[z] % MOD print(rez) ```
instruction
0
15,456
13
30,912
No
output
1
15,456
13
30,913
Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. Sagheer is playing a game with his best friend Soliman. He brought a tree with n nodes numbered from 1 to n and rooted at node 1. The i-th node has ai apples. This tree has a special property: the lengths of all paths from the root to any leaf have the same parity (i.e. all paths have even length or all paths have odd length). Sagheer and Soliman will take turns to play. Soliman will make the first move. The player who can't make a move loses. In each move, the current player will pick a single node, take a non-empty subset of apples from it and do one of the following two things: 1. eat the apples, if the node is a leaf. 2. move the apples to one of the children, if the node is non-leaf. Before Soliman comes to start playing, Sagheer will make exactly one change to the tree. He will pick two different nodes u and v and swap the apples of u with the apples of v. Can you help Sagheer count the number of ways to make the swap (i.e. to choose u and v) after which he will win the game if both players play optimally? (u, v) and (v, u) are considered to be the same pair. Input The first line will contain one integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 105) — the number of nodes in the apple tree. The second line will contain n integers a1, a2, ..., an (1 ≤ ai ≤ 107) — the number of apples on each node of the tree. The third line will contain n - 1 integers p2, p3, ..., pn (1 ≤ pi ≤ n) — the parent of each node of the tree. Node i has parent pi (for 2 ≤ i ≤ n). Node 1 is the root of the tree. It is guaranteed that the input describes a valid tree, and the lengths of all paths from the root to any leaf will have the same parity. Output On a single line, print the number of different pairs of nodes (u, v), u ≠ v such that if they start playing after swapping the apples of both nodes, Sagheer will win the game. (u, v) and (v, u) are considered to be the same pair. Examples Input 3 2 2 3 1 1 Output 1 Input 3 1 2 3 1 1 Output 0 Input 8 7 2 2 5 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 5 6 Output 4 Note In the first sample, Sagheer can only win if he swapped node 1 with node 3. In this case, both leaves will have 2 apples. If Soliman makes a move in a leaf node, Sagheer can make the same move in the other leaf. If Soliman moved some apples from a root to a leaf, Sagheer will eat those moved apples. Eventually, Soliman will not find a move. In the second sample, There is no swap that will make Sagheer win the game. Note that Sagheer must make the swap even if he can win with the initial tree.
instruction
0
15,614
13
31,228
Tags: games, trees Correct Solution: ``` n= int(input()) a = [int(_) for _ in input().split()] c = [int(_) for _ in input().split()] depth = [0] * (n) for i in range(1,n): depth[i] = depth[c[i-1]-1] + 1 MAX = max(depth) t = 0 store = {} todo = [] p = 0 for i in range(n): if (MAX-depth[i]) % 2 == 0: # odd, useful t ^= a[i] todo.append(a[i]) else: store[a[i]] = store.get(a[i],0) + 1 p += 1 ans = 0 for i in todo: ans += store.get(i^t,0) if t == 0: ans += (p*(p-1)//2) + (n-p)*(n-p-1)//2 print(ans) ```
output
1
15,614
13
31,229
Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. Sagheer is playing a game with his best friend Soliman. He brought a tree with n nodes numbered from 1 to n and rooted at node 1. The i-th node has ai apples. This tree has a special property: the lengths of all paths from the root to any leaf have the same parity (i.e. all paths have even length or all paths have odd length). Sagheer and Soliman will take turns to play. Soliman will make the first move. The player who can't make a move loses. In each move, the current player will pick a single node, take a non-empty subset of apples from it and do one of the following two things: 1. eat the apples, if the node is a leaf. 2. move the apples to one of the children, if the node is non-leaf. Before Soliman comes to start playing, Sagheer will make exactly one change to the tree. He will pick two different nodes u and v and swap the apples of u with the apples of v. Can you help Sagheer count the number of ways to make the swap (i.e. to choose u and v) after which he will win the game if both players play optimally? (u, v) and (v, u) are considered to be the same pair. Input The first line will contain one integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 105) — the number of nodes in the apple tree. The second line will contain n integers a1, a2, ..., an (1 ≤ ai ≤ 107) — the number of apples on each node of the tree. The third line will contain n - 1 integers p2, p3, ..., pn (1 ≤ pi ≤ n) — the parent of each node of the tree. Node i has parent pi (for 2 ≤ i ≤ n). Node 1 is the root of the tree. It is guaranteed that the input describes a valid tree, and the lengths of all paths from the root to any leaf will have the same parity. Output On a single line, print the number of different pairs of nodes (u, v), u ≠ v such that if they start playing after swapping the apples of both nodes, Sagheer will win the game. (u, v) and (v, u) are considered to be the same pair. Examples Input 3 2 2 3 1 1 Output 1 Input 3 1 2 3 1 1 Output 0 Input 8 7 2 2 5 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 5 6 Output 4 Note In the first sample, Sagheer can only win if he swapped node 1 with node 3. In this case, both leaves will have 2 apples. If Soliman makes a move in a leaf node, Sagheer can make the same move in the other leaf. If Soliman moved some apples from a root to a leaf, Sagheer will eat those moved apples. Eventually, Soliman will not find a move. In the second sample, There is no swap that will make Sagheer win the game. Note that Sagheer must make the swap even if he can win with the initial tree.
instruction
0
15,615
13
31,230
Tags: games, trees Correct Solution: ``` def coloring(i, ancestors, color): while i != 0 and color[ancestors[i - 1]] is None: color[ancestors[i - 1]] = not color[i] i = ancestors[i - 1] def main(): n = int(input()) a = list(map(int, input().split())) ancestors = list(map(lambda x: int(x) - 1, input().split())) descendants = [[] for i in range(n)] for i in range(n - 1): descendants[ancestors[i]].append(i + 1) color = [None for i in range(n)] for i in range(n): if not descendants[i]: color[i] = True coloring(i, ancestors, color) reds = 0 blues = 0 xor = 0 count_red = dict() count_blue = dict() for i in range(n): if color[i]: blues += 1 xor ^= a[i] if str(a[i]) in count_blue: count_blue[str(a[i])] += 1 else: count_blue[str(a[i])] = 1 else: reds += 1 if str(a[i]) in count_red: count_red[str(a[i])] += 1 else: count_red[str(a[i])] = 1 res = 0 if xor == 0: res += (blues - 1) * blues // 2 res += (reds - 1) * reds // 2 for i in count_blue.items(): if i[0] in count_red: res += i[1] * count_red[i[0]] else: for i in count_blue.items(): if str(xor ^ int(i[0])) in count_red: res += i[1] * count_red[str(xor ^ int(i[0]))] print(res) main() ```
output
1
15,615
13
31,231
Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. You are given an strictly convex polygon with n vertices. It is guaranteed that no three points are collinear. You would like to take a maximum non intersecting path on the polygon vertices that visits each point at most once. More specifically your path can be represented as some sequence of distinct polygon vertices. Your path is the straight line segments between adjacent vertices in order. These segments are not allowed to touch or intersect each other except at the vertices in your sequence. Given the polygon, print the maximum length non-intersecting path that visits each point at most once. Input The first line of input will contain a single integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 500), the number of points. The next n lines will contain two integers xi, yi (|xi|, |yi| ≤ 109), denoting the coordinates of the i-th vertex. It is guaranteed that these points are listed in clockwise order. Output Print a single floating point number, representing the longest non-intersecting path that visits the vertices at most once. Your answer will be accepted if it has absolute or relative error at most 10 - 9. More specifically, if your answer is a and the jury answer is b, your answer will be accepted if <image>. Example Input 4 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 Output 3.4142135624 Note One optimal path is to visit points 0,1,3,2 in order. Submitted Solution: ``` import math n = int(input()) vertices = [x for x in range(n - 1)] vertices.insert(n // 2, n - 1) xpos, ypos = [], [] for x in range(n): a, b = map(int, input().split()) xpos.append(a) ypos.append(b) d = 0 for x in range(1, n): p, q = vertices[x - 1], vertices[x] x1, y1, x2, y2 = xpos[p], ypos[p], xpos[q], ypos[q] d += math.sqrt((x1 - x2) ** 2 + (y1 - y2) ** 2) print(d) ```
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Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. You are given an strictly convex polygon with n vertices. It is guaranteed that no three points are collinear. You would like to take a maximum non intersecting path on the polygon vertices that visits each point at most once. More specifically your path can be represented as some sequence of distinct polygon vertices. Your path is the straight line segments between adjacent vertices in order. These segments are not allowed to touch or intersect each other except at the vertices in your sequence. Given the polygon, print the maximum length non-intersecting path that visits each point at most once. Input The first line of input will contain a single integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 500), the number of points. The next n lines will contain two integers xi, yi (|xi|, |yi| ≤ 109), denoting the coordinates of the i-th vertex. It is guaranteed that these points are listed in clockwise order. Output Print a single floating point number, representing the longest non-intersecting path that visits the vertices at most once. Your answer will be accepted if it has absolute or relative error at most 10 - 9. More specifically, if your answer is a and the jury answer is b, your answer will be accepted if <image>. Example Input 4 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 Output 3.4142135624 Note One optimal path is to visit points 0,1,3,2 in order. Submitted Solution: ``` import math n = int(input()) vertices = [] p = 0 for x in range(n): q = x if x % 2 == 0: q = n - x p += q p %= n vertices.append(p) xpos, ypos = [], [] for x in range(n): a, b = map(int, input().split()) xpos.append(a) ypos.append(b) d = 0 for x in range(1, n): p, q = vertices[x - 1], vertices[x] x1, y1, x2, y2 = xpos[p], ypos[p], xpos[q], ypos[q] d += math.sqrt((x1 - x2) ** 2 + (y1 - y2) ** 2) print(d) ```
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Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. An electrical grid in Berland palaces consists of 2 grids: main and reserve. Wires in palaces are made of expensive material, so selling some of them would be a good idea! Each grid (main and reserve) has a head node (its number is 1). Every other node gets electricity from the head node. Each node can be reached from the head node by a unique path. Also, both grids have exactly n nodes, which do not spread electricity further. In other words, every grid is a rooted directed tree on n leaves with a root in the node, which number is 1. Each tree has independent enumeration and nodes from one grid are not connected with nodes of another grid. Also, the palace has n electrical devices. Each device is connected with one node of the main grid and with one node of the reserve grid. Devices connect only with nodes, from which electricity is not spread further (these nodes are the tree's leaves). Each grid's leaf is connected with exactly one device. <image> In this example the main grid contains 6 nodes (the top tree) and the reserve grid contains 4 nodes (the lower tree). There are 3 devices with numbers colored in blue. It is guaranteed that the whole grid (two grids and n devices) can be shown in this way (like in the picture above): * main grid is a top tree, whose wires are directed 'from the top to the down', * reserve grid is a lower tree, whose wires are directed 'from the down to the top', * devices — horizontal row between two grids, which are numbered from 1 to n from the left to the right, * wires between nodes do not intersect. Formally, for each tree exists a depth-first search from the node with number 1, that visits leaves in order of connection to devices 1, 2, ..., n (firstly, the node, that is connected to the device 1, then the node, that is connected to the device 2, etc.). Businessman wants to sell (remove) maximal amount of wires so that each device will be powered from at least one grid (main or reserve). In other words, for each device should exist at least one path to the head node (in the main grid or the reserve grid), which contains only nodes from one grid. Input The first line contains an integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 1000) — the number of devices in the palace. The next line contains an integer a (1 + n ≤ a ≤ 1000 + n) — the amount of nodes in the main grid. Next line contains a - 1 integers p_i (1 ≤ p_i ≤ a). Each integer p_i means that the main grid contains a wire from p_i-th node to (i + 1)-th. The next line contains n integers x_i (1 ≤ x_i ≤ a) — the number of a node in the main grid that is connected to the i-th device. The next line contains an integer b (1 + n ≤ b ≤ 1000 + n) — the amount of nodes in the reserve grid. Next line contains b - 1 integers q_i (1 ≤ q_i ≤ b). Each integer q_i means that the reserve grid contains a wire from q_i-th node to (i + 1)-th. The next line contains n integers y_i (1 ≤ y_i ≤ b) — the number of a node in the reserve grid that is connected to the i-th device. It is guaranteed that each grid is a tree, which has exactly n leaves and each leaf is connected with one device. Also, it is guaranteed, that for each tree exists a depth-first search from the node 1, that visits leaves in order of connection to devices. Output Print a single integer — the maximal amount of wires that can be cut so that each device is powered. Examples Input 3 6 4 1 1 4 2 6 5 3 4 1 1 1 3 4 2 Output 5 Input 4 6 4 4 1 1 1 3 2 6 5 6 6 6 1 1 1 5 4 3 2 Output 6 Input 5 14 1 1 11 2 14 14 13 7 12 2 5 6 1 9 8 3 10 4 16 1 1 9 9 2 5 10 1 14 3 7 11 6 12 2 8 16 13 4 15 Output 17 Note For the first example, the picture below shows one of the possible solutions (wires that can be removed are marked in red): <image> The second and the third examples can be seen below: <image> Submitted Solution: ``` from heapq import heappush, heappop class MinCostFlow: INF = float("inf") def __init__(self, N): self.N = N self.G = [[] for i in range(N)] def add_edge(self, fr, to, cap, cost): G = self.G G[fr].append([to, cap, cost, len(G[to])]) G[to].append([fr, 0, -cost, len(G[fr])-1]) def flow(self, s, t, f): N = self.N; G = self.G INF = MinCostFlow.INF res = 0 H = [0]*N prv_v = [0]*N prv_e = [0]*N while f: dist = [INF]*N dist[s] = 0 que = [(0, s)] while que: c, v = heappop(que) if dist[v] < c: continue for i, (w, cap, cost, _) in enumerate(G[v]): if cap > 0 and dist[w] > dist[v] + cost + H[v] - H[w]: dist[w] = r = dist[v] + cost + H[v] - H[w] prv_v[w] = v; prv_e[w] = i heappush(que, (r, w)) if dist[t] == INF: return -1 for i in range(N): H[i] += dist[i] d = f; v = t while v != s: d = min(d, G[prv_v[v]][prv_e[v]][1]) v = prv_v[v] f -= d res += d * H[t] v = t while v != s: e = G[prv_v[v]][prv_e[v]] e[1] -= d G[v][e[3]][1] += d v = prv_v[v] return res import sys input = sys.stdin.readline def solve(): n = int(input()) a = int(input()) ps = list(map(int, input().split())) xs = list(map(int, input().split())) b = int(input()) qs = list(map(int, input().split())) ys = list(map(int, input().split())) MCF = MinCostFlow(a+b+n) for i, p in enumerate(ps): MCF.add_edge(p-1, i+1, 1, 1) for i, x in enumerate(xs): MCF.add_edge(x-1, a+i, 1, 0) MCF.add_edge(a+i, a+n, 1, 0) for i, q in enumerate(qs): fr = a+n+q-1 if q != 1 else 0 MCF.add_edge(fr, a+n+i+1, 1, 1) for i, y in enumerate(ys): fr = a+n+y-1 if y != 1 else 0 MCF.add_edge(fr, a+i, 1, 0) ans = MCF.flow(0, a+n, n) #ans -= 2*n ans = a-1+b-1-ans print(ans) solve() ```
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Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. An electrical grid in Berland palaces consists of 2 grids: main and reserve. Wires in palaces are made of expensive material, so selling some of them would be a good idea! Each grid (main and reserve) has a head node (its number is 1). Every other node gets electricity from the head node. Each node can be reached from the head node by a unique path. Also, both grids have exactly n nodes, which do not spread electricity further. In other words, every grid is a rooted directed tree on n leaves with a root in the node, which number is 1. Each tree has independent enumeration and nodes from one grid are not connected with nodes of another grid. Also, the palace has n electrical devices. Each device is connected with one node of the main grid and with one node of the reserve grid. Devices connect only with nodes, from which electricity is not spread further (these nodes are the tree's leaves). Each grid's leaf is connected with exactly one device. <image> In this example the main grid contains 6 nodes (the top tree) and the reserve grid contains 4 nodes (the lower tree). There are 3 devices with numbers colored in blue. It is guaranteed that the whole grid (two grids and n devices) can be shown in this way (like in the picture above): * main grid is a top tree, whose wires are directed 'from the top to the down', * reserve grid is a lower tree, whose wires are directed 'from the down to the top', * devices — horizontal row between two grids, which are numbered from 1 to n from the left to the right, * wires between nodes do not intersect. Formally, for each tree exists a depth-first search from the node with number 1, that visits leaves in order of connection to devices 1, 2, ..., n (firstly, the node, that is connected to the device 1, then the node, that is connected to the device 2, etc.). Businessman wants to sell (remove) maximal amount of wires so that each device will be powered from at least one grid (main or reserve). In other words, for each device should exist at least one path to the head node (in the main grid or the reserve grid), which contains only nodes from one grid. Input The first line contains an integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 1000) — the number of devices in the palace. The next line contains an integer a (1 + n ≤ a ≤ 1000 + n) — the amount of nodes in the main grid. Next line contains a - 1 integers p_i (1 ≤ p_i ≤ a). Each integer p_i means that the main grid contains a wire from p_i-th node to (i + 1)-th. The next line contains n integers x_i (1 ≤ x_i ≤ a) — the number of a node in the main grid that is connected to the i-th device. The next line contains an integer b (1 + n ≤ b ≤ 1000 + n) — the amount of nodes in the reserve grid. Next line contains b - 1 integers q_i (1 ≤ q_i ≤ b). Each integer q_i means that the reserve grid contains a wire from q_i-th node to (i + 1)-th. The next line contains n integers y_i (1 ≤ y_i ≤ b) — the number of a node in the reserve grid that is connected to the i-th device. It is guaranteed that each grid is a tree, which has exactly n leaves and each leaf is connected with one device. Also, it is guaranteed, that for each tree exists a depth-first search from the node 1, that visits leaves in order of connection to devices. Output Print a single integer — the maximal amount of wires that can be cut so that each device is powered. Examples Input 3 6 4 1 1 4 2 6 5 3 4 1 1 1 3 4 2 Output 5 Input 4 6 4 4 1 1 1 3 2 6 5 6 6 6 1 1 1 5 4 3 2 Output 6 Input 5 14 1 1 11 2 14 14 13 7 12 2 5 6 1 9 8 3 10 4 16 1 1 9 9 2 5 10 1 14 3 7 11 6 12 2 8 16 13 4 15 Output 17 Note For the first example, the picture below shows one of the possible solutions (wires that can be removed are marked in red): <image> The second and the third examples can be seen below: <image> Submitted Solution: ``` from heapq import heappush, heappop class MinCostFlow: INF = float("inf") def __init__(self, N): self.N = N self.G = [[] for i in range(N)] def add_edge(self, fr, to, cap, cost): G = self.G G[fr].append([to, cap, cost, len(G[to])]) G[to].append([fr, 0, -cost, len(G[fr])-1]) def flow(self, s, t, f): N = self.N; G = self.G INF = MinCostFlow.INF res = 0 H = [0]*N prv_v = [0]*N prv_e = [0]*N while f: dist = [INF]*N dist[s] = 0 que = [(0, s)] while que: c, v = heappop(que) if dist[v] < c: continue for i, (w, cap, cost, _) in enumerate(G[v]): if cap > 0 and dist[w] > dist[v] + cost + H[v] - H[w]: dist[w] = r = dist[v] + cost + H[v] - H[w] prv_v[w] = v; prv_e[w] = i heappush(que, (r, w)) if dist[t] == INF: return -1 for i in range(N): H[i] += dist[i] d = f; v = t while v != s: d = min(d, G[prv_v[v]][prv_e[v]][1]) v = prv_v[v] f -= d res += d * H[t] v = t while v != s: e = G[prv_v[v]][prv_e[v]] e[1] -= d G[v][e[3]][1] += d v = prv_v[v] return res import sys input = sys.stdin.readline def solve(): n = int(input()) a = int(input()) ps = list(map(int, input().split())) xs = list(map(int, input().split())) b = int(input()) qs = list(map(int, input().split())) ys = list(map(int, input().split())) MCF = MinCostFlow(a+b+n) for i, p in enumerate(ps): MCF.add_edge(p-1, i+1, 1, 1) for i, x in enumerate(xs): MCF.add_edge(x-1, a+i, 1, 1) MCF.add_edge(a+i, a+n, 1, 1) for i, q in enumerate(qs): fr = a+n+q-1 if q != 1 else 0 MCF.add_edge(fr, a+n+i+1, 1, 1) for i, y in enumerate(ys): fr = a+n+y-1 if y != 1 else 0 MCF.add_edge(fr, a+i, 1, 1) ans = MCF.flow(0, a+n, n) ans -= 2*n ans = a-1+b-1-ans print(ans) solve() ```
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Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. An electrical grid in Berland palaces consists of 2 grids: main and reserve. Wires in palaces are made of expensive material, so selling some of them would be a good idea! Each grid (main and reserve) has a head node (its number is 1). Every other node gets electricity from the head node. Each node can be reached from the head node by a unique path. Also, both grids have exactly n nodes, which do not spread electricity further. In other words, every grid is a rooted directed tree on n leaves with a root in the node, which number is 1. Each tree has independent enumeration and nodes from one grid are not connected with nodes of another grid. Also, the palace has n electrical devices. Each device is connected with one node of the main grid and with one node of the reserve grid. Devices connect only with nodes, from which electricity is not spread further (these nodes are the tree's leaves). Each grid's leaf is connected with exactly one device. <image> In this example the main grid contains 6 nodes (the top tree) and the reserve grid contains 4 nodes (the lower tree). There are 3 devices with numbers colored in blue. It is guaranteed that the whole grid (two grids and n devices) can be shown in this way (like in the picture above): * main grid is a top tree, whose wires are directed 'from the top to the down', * reserve grid is a lower tree, whose wires are directed 'from the down to the top', * devices — horizontal row between two grids, which are numbered from 1 to n from the left to the right, * wires between nodes do not intersect. Formally, for each tree exists a depth-first search from the node with number 1, that visits leaves in order of connection to devices 1, 2, ..., n (firstly, the node, that is connected to the device 1, then the node, that is connected to the device 2, etc.). Businessman wants to sell (remove) maximal amount of wires so that each device will be powered from at least one grid (main or reserve). In other words, for each device should exist at least one path to the head node (in the main grid or the reserve grid), which contains only nodes from one grid. Input The first line contains an integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 1000) — the number of devices in the palace. The next line contains an integer a (1 + n ≤ a ≤ 1000 + n) — the amount of nodes in the main grid. Next line contains a - 1 integers p_i (1 ≤ p_i ≤ a). Each integer p_i means that the main grid contains a wire from p_i-th node to (i + 1)-th. The next line contains n integers x_i (1 ≤ x_i ≤ a) — the number of a node in the main grid that is connected to the i-th device. The next line contains an integer b (1 + n ≤ b ≤ 1000 + n) — the amount of nodes in the reserve grid. Next line contains b - 1 integers q_i (1 ≤ q_i ≤ b). Each integer q_i means that the reserve grid contains a wire from q_i-th node to (i + 1)-th. The next line contains n integers y_i (1 ≤ y_i ≤ b) — the number of a node in the reserve grid that is connected to the i-th device. It is guaranteed that each grid is a tree, which has exactly n leaves and each leaf is connected with one device. Also, it is guaranteed, that for each tree exists a depth-first search from the node 1, that visits leaves in order of connection to devices. Output Print a single integer — the maximal amount of wires that can be cut so that each device is powered. Examples Input 3 6 4 1 1 4 2 6 5 3 4 1 1 1 3 4 2 Output 5 Input 4 6 4 4 1 1 1 3 2 6 5 6 6 6 1 1 1 5 4 3 2 Output 6 Input 5 14 1 1 11 2 14 14 13 7 12 2 5 6 1 9 8 3 10 4 16 1 1 9 9 2 5 10 1 14 3 7 11 6 12 2 8 16 13 4 15 Output 17 Note For the first example, the picture below shows one of the possible solutions (wires that can be removed are marked in red): <image> The second and the third examples can be seen below: <image> Submitted Solution: ``` from heapq import heappush, heappop class MinCostFlow: INF = 10**18 def __init__(self, N): self.N = N self.G = [[] for i in range(N)] def add_edge(self, fr, to, cap, cost): G = self.G G[fr].append([to, cap, cost, len(G[to])]) G[to].append([fr, 0, -cost, len(G[fr])-1]) def flow(self, s, t, f): N = self.N; G = self.G INF = MinCostFlow.INF res = 0 H = [0]*N prv_v = [0]*N prv_e = [0]*N while f: dist = [INF]*N dist[s] = 0 que = [(0, s)] while que: c, v = heappop(que) if dist[v] < c: continue for i, (w, cap, cost, _) in enumerate(G[v]): if cap > 0 and dist[w] > dist[v] + cost + H[v] - H[w]: dist[w] = r = dist[v] + cost + H[v] - H[w] prv_v[w] = v; prv_e[w] = i heappush(que, (r, w)) if dist[t] == INF: return -1 for i in range(N): H[i] += dist[i] d = f; v = t while v != s: d = min(d, G[prv_v[v]][prv_e[v]][1]) v = prv_v[v] f -= d res += d * H[t] v = t while v != s: e = G[prv_v[v]][prv_e[v]] e[1] -= d G[v][e[3]][1] += d v = prv_v[v] return res import sys input = sys.stdin.readline def solve(): n = int(input()) a = int(input()) ps = list(map(int, input().split())) xs = list(map(int, input().split())) b = int(input()) qs = list(map(int, input().split())) ys = list(map(int, input().split())) MCF = MinCostFlow(a+b+n) for i, p in enumerate(ps): MCF.add_edge(p-1, i+1, 1, 1) for i, x in enumerate(xs): MCF.add_edge(x-1, a+i, 1, 1) MCF.add_edge(a+i, a+n, 1, 1) for i, q in enumerate(qs): fr = a+n+q-1 if q != 1 else 0 MCF.add_edge(fr, a+n+i+1, 1, 1) for i, y in enumerate(ys): fr = a+n+y-1 if y != 1 else 0 MCF.add_edge(fr, a+i, 1, 1) ans = MCF.flow(0, a+n, n) ans -= 2*n ans = a-1+b-1-ans print(ans) solve() ```
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Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. An electrical grid in Berland palaces consists of 2 grids: main and reserve. Wires in palaces are made of expensive material, so selling some of them would be a good idea! Each grid (main and reserve) has a head node (its number is 1). Every other node gets electricity from the head node. Each node can be reached from the head node by a unique path. Also, both grids have exactly n nodes, which do not spread electricity further. In other words, every grid is a rooted directed tree on n leaves with a root in the node, which number is 1. Each tree has independent enumeration and nodes from one grid are not connected with nodes of another grid. Also, the palace has n electrical devices. Each device is connected with one node of the main grid and with one node of the reserve grid. Devices connect only with nodes, from which electricity is not spread further (these nodes are the tree's leaves). Each grid's leaf is connected with exactly one device. <image> In this example the main grid contains 6 nodes (the top tree) and the reserve grid contains 4 nodes (the lower tree). There are 3 devices with numbers colored in blue. It is guaranteed that the whole grid (two grids and n devices) can be shown in this way (like in the picture above): * main grid is a top tree, whose wires are directed 'from the top to the down', * reserve grid is a lower tree, whose wires are directed 'from the down to the top', * devices — horizontal row between two grids, which are numbered from 1 to n from the left to the right, * wires between nodes do not intersect. Formally, for each tree exists a depth-first search from the node with number 1, that visits leaves in order of connection to devices 1, 2, ..., n (firstly, the node, that is connected to the device 1, then the node, that is connected to the device 2, etc.). Businessman wants to sell (remove) maximal amount of wires so that each device will be powered from at least one grid (main or reserve). In other words, for each device should exist at least one path to the head node (in the main grid or the reserve grid), which contains only nodes from one grid. Input The first line contains an integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 1000) — the number of devices in the palace. The next line contains an integer a (1 + n ≤ a ≤ 1000 + n) — the amount of nodes in the main grid. Next line contains a - 1 integers p_i (1 ≤ p_i ≤ a). Each integer p_i means that the main grid contains a wire from p_i-th node to (i + 1)-th. The next line contains n integers x_i (1 ≤ x_i ≤ a) — the number of a node in the main grid that is connected to the i-th device. The next line contains an integer b (1 + n ≤ b ≤ 1000 + n) — the amount of nodes in the reserve grid. Next line contains b - 1 integers q_i (1 ≤ q_i ≤ b). Each integer q_i means that the reserve grid contains a wire from q_i-th node to (i + 1)-th. The next line contains n integers y_i (1 ≤ y_i ≤ b) — the number of a node in the reserve grid that is connected to the i-th device. It is guaranteed that each grid is a tree, which has exactly n leaves and each leaf is connected with one device. Also, it is guaranteed, that for each tree exists a depth-first search from the node 1, that visits leaves in order of connection to devices. Output Print a single integer — the maximal amount of wires that can be cut so that each device is powered. Examples Input 3 6 4 1 1 4 2 6 5 3 4 1 1 1 3 4 2 Output 5 Input 4 6 4 4 1 1 1 3 2 6 5 6 6 6 1 1 1 5 4 3 2 Output 6 Input 5 14 1 1 11 2 14 14 13 7 12 2 5 6 1 9 8 3 10 4 16 1 1 9 9 2 5 10 1 14 3 7 11 6 12 2 8 16 13 4 15 Output 17 Note For the first example, the picture below shows one of the possible solutions (wires that can be removed are marked in red): <image> The second and the third examples can be seen below: <image> Submitted Solution: ``` from heapq import heappush, heappop class MinCostFlow: def __init__(self, n): self.n = n self.G = [[] for i in range(n)] def add_edge(self, f, t, cap, cost): self.G[f].append([t, cap, cost, len(self.G[t])]) self.G[t].append([f, 0, -cost, len(self.G[f])-1]) def flow(self, s, t, f): n = self.n G = self.G prevv = [0]*n; preve = [0]*n INF = 10**9+7 res = 0 while f: dist = [INF]*n dist[s] = 0 update = 1 while update: update = 0 for v in range(n): if dist[v] == INF: continue gv = G[v] for i in range(len(gv)): to, cap, cost, rev = gv[i] if cap > 0 and dist[v] + cost < dist[to]: dist[to] = dist[v] + cost prevv[to] = v; preve[to] = i update = 1 if dist[t] == INF: return -1 d = f; v = t while v != s: d = min(d, G[prevv[v]][preve[v]][1]) v = prevv[v] f -= d res += d * dist[t] v = t while v != s: e = G[prevv[v]][preve[v]] e[1] -= d G[v][e[3]][1] += d v = prevv[v] return res import sys input = sys.stdin.readline def solve(): n = int(input()) a = int(input()) ps = list(map(int, input().split())) xs = list(map(int, input().split())) b = int(input()) qs = list(map(int, input().split())) ys = list(map(int, input().split())) MCF = MinCostFlow(a+b+n) for i, p in enumerate(ps): MCF.add_edge(p-1, i+1, 1, 1) for i, x in enumerate(xs): MCF.add_edge(x-1, a+i, 1, 1) MCF.add_edge(a+i, a+n, 1, 1) for i, q in enumerate(qs): fr = a+n+q-1 if q != 1 else 0 MCF.add_edge(fr, a+n+i+1, 1, 1) for i, y in enumerate(ys): fr = a+n+y-1 if y != 1 else 0 MCF.add_edge(fr, a+i, 1, 1) ans = MCF.flow(0, a+n, n) ans -= 2*n ans = a-1+b-1-ans print(ans) solve() ```
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Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. You are given a rooted tree consisting of n vertices numbered from 1 to n. The root of the tree is a vertex number 1. A tree is a connected undirected graph with n-1 edges. You are given m queries. The i-th query consists of the set of k_i distinct vertices v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i]. Your task is to say if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path. Input The first line of the input contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5, 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices in the tree and the number of queries. Each of the next n-1 lines describes an edge of the tree. Edge i is denoted by two integers u_i and v_i, the labels of vertices it connects (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree. The next m lines describe queries. The i-th line describes the i-th query and starts with the integer k_i (1 ≤ k_i ≤ n) — the number of vertices in the current query. Then k_i integers follow: v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i] (1 ≤ v_i[j] ≤ n), where v_i[j] is the j-th vertex of the i-th query. It is guaranteed that all vertices in a single query are distinct. It is guaranteed that the sum of k_i does not exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5 (∑_{i=1}^{m} k_i ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5). Output For each query, print the answer — "YES", if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path and "NO" otherwise. Example Input 10 6 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 2 6 3 7 7 8 7 9 9 10 4 3 8 9 10 3 2 4 6 3 2 1 5 3 4 8 2 2 6 10 3 5 4 7 Output YES YES YES YES NO NO Note The picture corresponding to the example: <image> Consider the queries. The first query is [3, 8, 9, 10]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path from the root 1 to the vertex u=10. Then vertices [3, 9, 10] belong to the path from 1 to 10 and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which also belongs to this path. The second query is [2, 4, 6]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=2. Then the vertex 4 has distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 6 has distance 1 to the vertex 2 which belongs to this path. The third query is [2, 1, 5]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=5 and all vertices of the query belong to this path. The fourth query is [4, 8, 2]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=9 so vertices 2 and 4 both have distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which belongs to this path. The fifth and the sixth queries both have answer "NO" because you cannot choose suitable vertex u.
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Tags: dfs and similar, graphs, trees Correct Solution: ``` import sys from array import array # noqa: F401 from typing import List, Tuple, TypeVar, Generic, Sequence, Union # noqa: F401 def input(): return sys.stdin.buffer.readline().decode('utf-8') def main(): n, m = map(int, input().split()) adj = [[] for _ in range(n)] for u, v in (map(int, input().split()) for _ in range(n - 1)): adj[u - 1].append(v - 1) adj[v - 1].append(u - 1) time = 0 tin, tout, depth, par = [-1] * n, [-1] * n, [0] * n, [0] * n ei = [0] * n stack = [0] while stack: v = stack.pop() time += 1 if tin[v] == -1: tin[v] = time for i, dest in enumerate(adj[v][ei[v]:], start=ei[v]): if par[v] == dest: continue par[dest] = v depth[dest] = depth[v] + 1 ei[v] = i + 1 stack.append(v) stack.append(dest) break else: tout[v] = time ans = ['NO'] * m for i, (_, *vertices) in enumerate(tuple(map(lambda x: int(x) - 1, input().split())) for _ in range(m)): v = max(vertices, key=lambda x: depth[x]) if all(tin[par[u]] <= tin[v] <= tout[par[u]] for u in vertices): ans[i] = 'YES' sys.stdout.buffer.write('\n'.join(ans).encode('utf-8')) if __name__ == '__main__': main() ```
output
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Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. You are given a rooted tree consisting of n vertices numbered from 1 to n. The root of the tree is a vertex number 1. A tree is a connected undirected graph with n-1 edges. You are given m queries. The i-th query consists of the set of k_i distinct vertices v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i]. Your task is to say if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path. Input The first line of the input contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5, 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices in the tree and the number of queries. Each of the next n-1 lines describes an edge of the tree. Edge i is denoted by two integers u_i and v_i, the labels of vertices it connects (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree. The next m lines describe queries. The i-th line describes the i-th query and starts with the integer k_i (1 ≤ k_i ≤ n) — the number of vertices in the current query. Then k_i integers follow: v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i] (1 ≤ v_i[j] ≤ n), where v_i[j] is the j-th vertex of the i-th query. It is guaranteed that all vertices in a single query are distinct. It is guaranteed that the sum of k_i does not exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5 (∑_{i=1}^{m} k_i ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5). Output For each query, print the answer — "YES", if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path and "NO" otherwise. Example Input 10 6 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 2 6 3 7 7 8 7 9 9 10 4 3 8 9 10 3 2 4 6 3 2 1 5 3 4 8 2 2 6 10 3 5 4 7 Output YES YES YES YES NO NO Note The picture corresponding to the example: <image> Consider the queries. The first query is [3, 8, 9, 10]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path from the root 1 to the vertex u=10. Then vertices [3, 9, 10] belong to the path from 1 to 10 and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which also belongs to this path. The second query is [2, 4, 6]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=2. Then the vertex 4 has distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 6 has distance 1 to the vertex 2 which belongs to this path. The third query is [2, 1, 5]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=5 and all vertices of the query belong to this path. The fourth query is [4, 8, 2]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=9 so vertices 2 and 4 both have distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which belongs to this path. The fifth and the sixth queries both have answer "NO" because you cannot choose suitable vertex u.
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Tags: dfs and similar, graphs, trees Correct Solution: ``` import sys, math,os from io import BytesIO, IOBase # data = io.BytesIO(os.read(0,os.fstat(0).st_size)).readline # from bisect import bisect_left as bl, bisect_right as br, insort # from heapq import heapify, heappush, heappop from collections import defaultdict as dd, deque, Counter # from itertools import permutations,combinations def mdata(): return list(map(int, data().split())) #sys.setrecursionlimit(100000 + 1) #INF = float('inf') mod = 998244353 # from decimal import Decimal from types import GeneratorType # https://github.com/cheran-senthil/PyRival/blob/master/pyrival/misc/bootstrap.py def bootstrap(f, stack=[]): def wrappedfunc(*args, **kwargs): if stack: return f(*args, **kwargs) else: to = f(*args, **kwargs) while True: if type(to) is GeneratorType: stack.append(to) to = next(to) else: stack.pop() if not stack: break to = stack[-1].send(to) return to return wrappedfunc # region fastio BUFSIZE = 8192 class FastIO(IOBase): newlines = 0 def __init__(self, file): self._fd = file.fileno() self.buffer = BytesIO() self.writable = "x" in file.mode or "r" not in file.mode self.write = self.buffer.write if self.writable else None def read(self): while True: b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE)) if not b: break ptr = self.buffer.tell() self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr) self.newlines = 0 return self.buffer.read() def readline(self): while self.newlines == 0: b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE)) self.newlines = b.count(b"\n") + (not b) ptr = self.buffer.tell() self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr) self.newlines -= 1 return self.buffer.readline() def flush(self): if self.writable: os.write(self._fd, self.buffer.getvalue()) self.buffer.truncate(0), self.buffer.seek(0) class IOWrapper(IOBase): def __init__(self, file): self.buffer = FastIO(file) self.flush = self.buffer.flush self.writable = self.buffer.writable self.write = lambda s: self.buffer.write(s.encode("ascii")) self.read = lambda: self.buffer.read().decode("ascii") self.readline = lambda: self.buffer.readline().decode("ascii") def print(*args, **kwargs): """Prints the values to a stream, or to sys.stdout by default.""" sep, file = kwargs.pop("sep", " "), kwargs.pop("file", sys.stdout) at_start = True for x in args: if not at_start: file.write(sep) file.write(str(x)) at_start = False file.write(kwargs.pop("end", "\n")) if kwargs.pop("flush", False): file.flush() if sys.version_info[0] < 3: sys.stdin, sys.stdout = FastIO(sys.stdin), FastIO(sys.stdout) else: sys.stdin, sys.stdout = IOWrapper(sys.stdin), IOWrapper(sys.stdout) data = lambda: sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n") # endregion T = [0] def main(): @bootstrap def dfs(T, par, val, tin, tout, x, p=-1, cnt=0): tin[x] = T[0] val[x] = cnt T[0] += 1 for i in g[x]: if i != p: yield (dfs(T, par, val, tin, tout, i, x, cnt + 1)) par[x] = p tout[x] = T[0] T[0] += 1 yield n, m = mdata() g = [set() for i in range(n)] for i in range(n - 1): a, b = mdata() g[a - 1].add(b - 1) g[b - 1].add(a - 1) tin = [0] * n tout = [0] * n par = [0] * n val = [0] * n dfs(T, par, val, tin, tout, 0) for i in range(m): l = list(mdata()) flag = True max1 = 0 ind = 0 for j in l[1:]: if val[j - 1] > max1: max1 = val[j - 1] ind = j - 1 for j in l[1:]: if j - 1 != ind and j != 1: if tin[par[j - 1]] < tin[ind] and tout[par[j - 1]] > tout[ind]: continue flag = False break if flag == True: print("YES") else: print("NO") if __name__ == "__main__": main() ```
output
1
16,099
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32,199
Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. You are given a rooted tree consisting of n vertices numbered from 1 to n. The root of the tree is a vertex number 1. A tree is a connected undirected graph with n-1 edges. You are given m queries. The i-th query consists of the set of k_i distinct vertices v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i]. Your task is to say if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path. Input The first line of the input contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5, 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices in the tree and the number of queries. Each of the next n-1 lines describes an edge of the tree. Edge i is denoted by two integers u_i and v_i, the labels of vertices it connects (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree. The next m lines describe queries. The i-th line describes the i-th query and starts with the integer k_i (1 ≤ k_i ≤ n) — the number of vertices in the current query. Then k_i integers follow: v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i] (1 ≤ v_i[j] ≤ n), where v_i[j] is the j-th vertex of the i-th query. It is guaranteed that all vertices in a single query are distinct. It is guaranteed that the sum of k_i does not exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5 (∑_{i=1}^{m} k_i ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5). Output For each query, print the answer — "YES", if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path and "NO" otherwise. Example Input 10 6 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 2 6 3 7 7 8 7 9 9 10 4 3 8 9 10 3 2 4 6 3 2 1 5 3 4 8 2 2 6 10 3 5 4 7 Output YES YES YES YES NO NO Note The picture corresponding to the example: <image> Consider the queries. The first query is [3, 8, 9, 10]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path from the root 1 to the vertex u=10. Then vertices [3, 9, 10] belong to the path from 1 to 10 and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which also belongs to this path. The second query is [2, 4, 6]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=2. Then the vertex 4 has distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 6 has distance 1 to the vertex 2 which belongs to this path. The third query is [2, 1, 5]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=5 and all vertices of the query belong to this path. The fourth query is [4, 8, 2]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=9 so vertices 2 and 4 both have distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which belongs to this path. The fifth and the sixth queries both have answer "NO" because you cannot choose suitable vertex u.
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Tags: dfs and similar, graphs, trees Correct Solution: ``` # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import sys from collections import Counter def input(): return sys.stdin.readline().strip() def list2d(a, b, c): return [[c] * b for i in range(a)] def list3d(a, b, c, d): return [[[d] * c for j in range(b)] for i in range(a)] def list4d(a, b, c, d, e): return [[[[e] * d for j in range(c)] for j in range(b)] for i in range(a)] def ceil(x, y=1): return int(-(-x // y)) def INT(): return int(input()) def MAP(): return map(int, input().split()) def LIST(N=None): return list(MAP()) if N is None else [INT() for i in range(N)] def Yes(): print('Yes') def No(): print('No') def YES(): print('YES') def NO(): print('NO') INF = 10 ** 18 MOD = 10 ** 9 + 7 class LCA: def __init__(self, nodes, root): self.N = len(nodes) nv = 1 MAX = 0 while nv < N: nv *= 2 MAX += 1 self.MAX = MAX self.nxt = list2d(MAX, N, -1) self.depths = self.dfs(N, nodes, root) for k in range(1, MAX): for v in range(N): if self.nxt[k-1][v] == -1: continue self.nxt[k][v] = self.nxt[k-1][self.nxt[k-1][v]] def dfs(self, N, nodes, src): stack = [(src, -1, 0)] dist = [INF] * N while stack: u, prev, c = stack.pop() dist[u] = c self.nxt[0][u] = prev for v in nodes[u]: if v != prev: stack.append((v, u, c+1)) return dist def get_lca(self, a, b): if self.depths[a] > self.depths[b]: a, b = b, a gap = self.depths[b] - self.depths[a] for i in range(self.MAX): if gap & 1<<i: b = self.nxt[i][b] if a == b: return a else: for i in range(self.MAX-1, -1, -1): a2 = self.nxt[i][a] b2 = self.nxt[i][b] if a2 != b2: a = a2 b = b2 return self.nxt[0][a] N, Q = MAP() nodes = [[] for i in range(N)] for _ in range(N-1): a, b = MAP() a -= 1; b -= 1 nodes[a].append(b) nodes[b].append(a) lca = LCA(nodes, 0) for _ in range(Q): li = [v-1 for v in LIST()[1:]] u = mx = -1 for v in li: if lca.depths[v] > mx: mx = lca.depths[v] u = v mx = -1 for v in li: l = lca.get_lca(u, v) dist = lca.depths[v] - lca.depths[l] mx = max(mx, dist) if mx <= 1: YES() else: NO() ```
output
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32,201
Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. You are given a rooted tree consisting of n vertices numbered from 1 to n. The root of the tree is a vertex number 1. A tree is a connected undirected graph with n-1 edges. You are given m queries. The i-th query consists of the set of k_i distinct vertices v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i]. Your task is to say if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path. Input The first line of the input contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5, 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices in the tree and the number of queries. Each of the next n-1 lines describes an edge of the tree. Edge i is denoted by two integers u_i and v_i, the labels of vertices it connects (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree. The next m lines describe queries. The i-th line describes the i-th query and starts with the integer k_i (1 ≤ k_i ≤ n) — the number of vertices in the current query. Then k_i integers follow: v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i] (1 ≤ v_i[j] ≤ n), where v_i[j] is the j-th vertex of the i-th query. It is guaranteed that all vertices in a single query are distinct. It is guaranteed that the sum of k_i does not exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5 (∑_{i=1}^{m} k_i ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5). Output For each query, print the answer — "YES", if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path and "NO" otherwise. Example Input 10 6 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 2 6 3 7 7 8 7 9 9 10 4 3 8 9 10 3 2 4 6 3 2 1 5 3 4 8 2 2 6 10 3 5 4 7 Output YES YES YES YES NO NO Note The picture corresponding to the example: <image> Consider the queries. The first query is [3, 8, 9, 10]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path from the root 1 to the vertex u=10. Then vertices [3, 9, 10] belong to the path from 1 to 10 and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which also belongs to this path. The second query is [2, 4, 6]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=2. Then the vertex 4 has distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 6 has distance 1 to the vertex 2 which belongs to this path. The third query is [2, 1, 5]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=5 and all vertices of the query belong to this path. The fourth query is [4, 8, 2]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=9 so vertices 2 and 4 both have distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which belongs to this path. The fifth and the sixth queries both have answer "NO" because you cannot choose suitable vertex u.
instruction
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Tags: dfs and similar, graphs, trees Correct Solution: ``` from collections import deque import sys input = sys.stdin.readline def bfs(s): q = deque() q.append(s) dist = [-1] * (n + 1) dist[s] = 0 parent = [-1] * (n + 1) while q: i = q.popleft() d = dist[i] + 1 for j in G[i]: if dist[j] == -1: dist[j] = d q.append(j) parent[j] = i return dist, parent n, m = map(int, input().split()) G = [[] for _ in range(n + 1)] for _ in range(n - 1): u, v = map(int, input().split()) G[u].append(v) G[v].append(u) dist, parent = bfs(1) dp = [] dp0 = list(parent) ok = 1 while ok: ok = 0 dp1 = [-1] * (n + 1) for i in range(1, n + 1): if dp0[i] ^ -1: dp1[i] = dp0[dp0[i]] if dp1[i] ^ -1: ok = 1 dp.append(dp0) dp0 = dp1 for _ in range(m): v = list(map(int, input().split())) md = -1 u = [] for i in range(1, len(v)): vi = v[i] if vi == 1: continue p = parent[vi] u.append(p) if md < dist[p]: md = dist[p] s = p ans = "YES" for i in u: di = dist[i] d = md - di j, p = 0, 1 t = s while d: if d & p: t = dp[j][t] d -= p j += 1 p *= 2 if i ^ t: ans = "NO" break print(ans) ```
output
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32,203
Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. You are given a rooted tree consisting of n vertices numbered from 1 to n. The root of the tree is a vertex number 1. A tree is a connected undirected graph with n-1 edges. You are given m queries. The i-th query consists of the set of k_i distinct vertices v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i]. Your task is to say if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path. Input The first line of the input contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5, 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices in the tree and the number of queries. Each of the next n-1 lines describes an edge of the tree. Edge i is denoted by two integers u_i and v_i, the labels of vertices it connects (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree. The next m lines describe queries. The i-th line describes the i-th query and starts with the integer k_i (1 ≤ k_i ≤ n) — the number of vertices in the current query. Then k_i integers follow: v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i] (1 ≤ v_i[j] ≤ n), where v_i[j] is the j-th vertex of the i-th query. It is guaranteed that all vertices in a single query are distinct. It is guaranteed that the sum of k_i does not exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5 (∑_{i=1}^{m} k_i ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5). Output For each query, print the answer — "YES", if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path and "NO" otherwise. Example Input 10 6 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 2 6 3 7 7 8 7 9 9 10 4 3 8 9 10 3 2 4 6 3 2 1 5 3 4 8 2 2 6 10 3 5 4 7 Output YES YES YES YES NO NO Note The picture corresponding to the example: <image> Consider the queries. The first query is [3, 8, 9, 10]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path from the root 1 to the vertex u=10. Then vertices [3, 9, 10] belong to the path from 1 to 10 and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which also belongs to this path. The second query is [2, 4, 6]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=2. Then the vertex 4 has distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 6 has distance 1 to the vertex 2 which belongs to this path. The third query is [2, 1, 5]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=5 and all vertices of the query belong to this path. The fourth query is [4, 8, 2]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=9 so vertices 2 and 4 both have distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which belongs to this path. The fifth and the sixth queries both have answer "NO" because you cannot choose suitable vertex u.
instruction
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Tags: dfs and similar, graphs, trees Correct Solution: ``` from sys import stdin, stdout tree = [] parent = [] go_in = [] go_out = [] d = [] def main(): global tree global parent global go_in global go_out global d n,k = list(map(int, stdin.readline().split())) tree = [[] for _ in range(n+1)] parent = [0] * (n+1) go_in = [0] * (n+1) go_out = [0] * (n+1) d = [0] * (n+1) for _ in range (n-1): a,b = list(map(int, stdin.readline().split())) tree[a].append(b) tree[b].append(a) stack = [] stack.append(1) parent[1] = 1 d[1] = 1 while stack: x = stack.pop() for y in tree[x]: if parent[y] == 0: parent[y] = x d[y] = d[x] + 1 stack.append(y) stack = [] stack.append(1) kk = 1 while stack: x = stack[-1] if go_in[x] == 0: go_in[x] = kk kk += 1 is_another = False while tree[x]: y = tree[x].pop() if go_in[y] == 0: stack.append(y) is_another = True break if is_another: continue go_out[x] = kk kk += 1 stack.pop() for _ in range (k): branch = 1 mx = -1 arr = list(map(int, stdin.readline().split())) is_ok = True for i in range(1,len(arr)): if d[arr[i]] > mx: mx = d[arr[i]] branch = parent[arr[i]] for i in range(1,len(arr)): cur = parent[arr[i]] if (go_in[branch] <= go_in[cur] and go_out[branch] >= go_out[cur]) or (go_in[branch] >= go_in[cur] and go_out[branch] <= go_out[cur]): continue is_ok = False stdout.write("NO\n") break if is_ok: stdout.write("YES\n") main() ```
output
1
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Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. You are given a rooted tree consisting of n vertices numbered from 1 to n. The root of the tree is a vertex number 1. A tree is a connected undirected graph with n-1 edges. You are given m queries. The i-th query consists of the set of k_i distinct vertices v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i]. Your task is to say if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path. Input The first line of the input contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5, 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices in the tree and the number of queries. Each of the next n-1 lines describes an edge of the tree. Edge i is denoted by two integers u_i and v_i, the labels of vertices it connects (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree. The next m lines describe queries. The i-th line describes the i-th query and starts with the integer k_i (1 ≤ k_i ≤ n) — the number of vertices in the current query. Then k_i integers follow: v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i] (1 ≤ v_i[j] ≤ n), where v_i[j] is the j-th vertex of the i-th query. It is guaranteed that all vertices in a single query are distinct. It is guaranteed that the sum of k_i does not exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5 (∑_{i=1}^{m} k_i ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5). Output For each query, print the answer — "YES", if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path and "NO" otherwise. Example Input 10 6 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 2 6 3 7 7 8 7 9 9 10 4 3 8 9 10 3 2 4 6 3 2 1 5 3 4 8 2 2 6 10 3 5 4 7 Output YES YES YES YES NO NO Note The picture corresponding to the example: <image> Consider the queries. The first query is [3, 8, 9, 10]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path from the root 1 to the vertex u=10. Then vertices [3, 9, 10] belong to the path from 1 to 10 and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which also belongs to this path. The second query is [2, 4, 6]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=2. Then the vertex 4 has distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 6 has distance 1 to the vertex 2 which belongs to this path. The third query is [2, 1, 5]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=5 and all vertices of the query belong to this path. The fourth query is [4, 8, 2]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=9 so vertices 2 and 4 both have distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which belongs to this path. The fifth and the sixth queries both have answer "NO" because you cannot choose suitable vertex u.
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Tags: dfs and similar, graphs, trees Correct Solution: ``` from types import GeneratorType def bootstrap(f, stack=[]): def wrappedfunc(*args, **kwargs): if stack: return f(*args, **kwargs) else: to = f(*args, **kwargs) while True: if type(to) is GeneratorType: stack.append(to) to = next(to) else: stack.pop() if not stack: break to = stack[-1].send(to) return to return wrappedfunc def main(): n,m=readIntArr() adj=[[] for _ in range(n+1)] for _ in range(n-1): u,v=readIntArr() adj[u].append(v) adj[v].append(u) parent=[-1 for _ in range(n+1)] start=[0 for _ in range(n+1)] end=[0 for _ in range(n+1)] depths=[0 for _ in range(n+1)] time=[0] @bootstrap def dfs(node,p,d): depths[node]=d parent[node]=p start[node]=time[0] time[0]+=1 for nex in adj[node]: if nex!=p: yield dfs(nex,node,d+1) end[node]=time[0] yield None dfs(1,-1,0) ans=[] for _ in range(m): q=readIntArr()[1:] nodeWithMaxDepth=q[0] for node in q: if depths[node]>depths[nodeWithMaxDepth]: nodeWithMaxDepth=node #check that every node's parent is an ancestor of the node with max depth deepestNodeStart=start[nodeWithMaxDepth] deepestNodeEnd=end[nodeWithMaxDepth] ok=True for node in q: if node!=1: node=parent[node] nodeStart=start[node] nodeEnd=end[node] if nodeStart<=deepestNodeStart and nodeEnd>=deepestNodeEnd: #is parent pass else: #not parent ok=False break if ok: ans.append('YES') else: ans.append('NO') multiLineArrayPrint(ans) return #import sys #input=sys.stdin.buffer.readline #FOR READING PURE INTEGER INPUTS (space separation ok) import sys input=lambda: sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n") #FOR READING STRING/TEXT INPUTS. def oneLineArrayPrint(arr): print(' '.join([str(x) for x in arr])) def multiLineArrayPrint(arr): print('\n'.join([str(x) for x in arr])) def multiLineArrayOfArraysPrint(arr): print('\n'.join([' '.join([str(x) for x in y]) for y in arr])) def readIntArr(): return [int(x) for x in input().split()] inf=float('inf') MOD=10**9+7 main() ```
output
1
16,103
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32,207
Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. You are given a rooted tree consisting of n vertices numbered from 1 to n. The root of the tree is a vertex number 1. A tree is a connected undirected graph with n-1 edges. You are given m queries. The i-th query consists of the set of k_i distinct vertices v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i]. Your task is to say if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path. Input The first line of the input contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5, 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices in the tree and the number of queries. Each of the next n-1 lines describes an edge of the tree. Edge i is denoted by two integers u_i and v_i, the labels of vertices it connects (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree. The next m lines describe queries. The i-th line describes the i-th query and starts with the integer k_i (1 ≤ k_i ≤ n) — the number of vertices in the current query. Then k_i integers follow: v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i] (1 ≤ v_i[j] ≤ n), where v_i[j] is the j-th vertex of the i-th query. It is guaranteed that all vertices in a single query are distinct. It is guaranteed that the sum of k_i does not exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5 (∑_{i=1}^{m} k_i ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5). Output For each query, print the answer — "YES", if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path and "NO" otherwise. Example Input 10 6 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 2 6 3 7 7 8 7 9 9 10 4 3 8 9 10 3 2 4 6 3 2 1 5 3 4 8 2 2 6 10 3 5 4 7 Output YES YES YES YES NO NO Note The picture corresponding to the example: <image> Consider the queries. The first query is [3, 8, 9, 10]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path from the root 1 to the vertex u=10. Then vertices [3, 9, 10] belong to the path from 1 to 10 and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which also belongs to this path. The second query is [2, 4, 6]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=2. Then the vertex 4 has distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 6 has distance 1 to the vertex 2 which belongs to this path. The third query is [2, 1, 5]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=5 and all vertices of the query belong to this path. The fourth query is [4, 8, 2]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=9 so vertices 2 and 4 both have distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which belongs to this path. The fifth and the sixth queries both have answer "NO" because you cannot choose suitable vertex u.
instruction
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Tags: dfs and similar, graphs, trees Correct Solution: ``` import sys input = sys.stdin.readline from collections import defaultdict from collections import deque from enum import Enum """ Because it asks for node within distance 1. We can consider parent of the given node. After that, we've to find whether if there is a node which is child node of every other node in the given list. If no such node exits, there won't be a path. """ nodes, queries = map(int, input().split()) graph = defaultdict(list) height = [0] * (nodes+1) in_time = [0] * (nodes+1) out_time= [0] * (nodes+1) parent = [1] * (nodes+1) class Color(Enum): WHITE = 0 GRAY = 1 BLACK = 2 color = [Color.WHITE] * (nodes+1) for _ in range(1, nodes): u, v = map(int, input().split()) graph[u].append(v) graph[v].append(u) #recursive implementation causing stack-overflow possibly """ def dfs(curr_node, parent, depth): parent_dict[curr_node] = parent height[curr_node] = depth global time in_time[curr_node] = time time += 1 for child in graph[curr_node]: if child == parent: continue dfs(child, curr_node, depth+1) out_time[curr_node] = time time += 1 dfs(1, 1, 0) """ #non-recursive implementation def dfs(root): stack = deque() time = 0 stack.append(root) while stack: node = stack.pop() if color[node] == Color.WHITE: time += 1 in_time[node] = time color[node] = Color.GRAY stack.append(node) for neighbor in graph[node]: if color[neighbor] == Color.WHITE: height[neighbor] = height[node] + 1 parent[neighbor] = node stack.append(neighbor) elif color[node] == Color.GRAY: time += 1 out_time[node] = time color[node] = Color.BLACK dfs(1) def is_ancestor(high, low): '''returns True if high is ancestor of low''' return in_time[high] <= in_time[low] and out_time[low] <= out_time[high] for _ in range(queries): a = list(map(int, input().split()))[1:] parents = set() max_node = a[0] for node in a: if height[max_node] < height[node]: max_node = node for node in a: if node == max_node: continue if parent[node] not in parents: parents.add(parent[node]) ok = True for node in parents: if not is_ancestor(node, max_node): ok = False break print("YES") if ok else print("NO") ```
output
1
16,104
13
32,209
Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. You are given a rooted tree consisting of n vertices numbered from 1 to n. The root of the tree is a vertex number 1. A tree is a connected undirected graph with n-1 edges. You are given m queries. The i-th query consists of the set of k_i distinct vertices v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i]. Your task is to say if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path. Input The first line of the input contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5, 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices in the tree and the number of queries. Each of the next n-1 lines describes an edge of the tree. Edge i is denoted by two integers u_i and v_i, the labels of vertices it connects (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree. The next m lines describe queries. The i-th line describes the i-th query and starts with the integer k_i (1 ≤ k_i ≤ n) — the number of vertices in the current query. Then k_i integers follow: v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i] (1 ≤ v_i[j] ≤ n), where v_i[j] is the j-th vertex of the i-th query. It is guaranteed that all vertices in a single query are distinct. It is guaranteed that the sum of k_i does not exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5 (∑_{i=1}^{m} k_i ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5). Output For each query, print the answer — "YES", if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path and "NO" otherwise. Example Input 10 6 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 2 6 3 7 7 8 7 9 9 10 4 3 8 9 10 3 2 4 6 3 2 1 5 3 4 8 2 2 6 10 3 5 4 7 Output YES YES YES YES NO NO Note The picture corresponding to the example: <image> Consider the queries. The first query is [3, 8, 9, 10]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path from the root 1 to the vertex u=10. Then vertices [3, 9, 10] belong to the path from 1 to 10 and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which also belongs to this path. The second query is [2, 4, 6]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=2. Then the vertex 4 has distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 6 has distance 1 to the vertex 2 which belongs to this path. The third query is [2, 1, 5]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=5 and all vertices of the query belong to this path. The fourth query is [4, 8, 2]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=9 so vertices 2 and 4 both have distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which belongs to this path. The fifth and the sixth queries both have answer "NO" because you cannot choose suitable vertex u.
instruction
0
16,105
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Tags: dfs and similar, graphs, trees Correct Solution: ``` import sys input = sys.stdin.readline n,m=map(int,input().split()) EDGELIST=[[] for i in range(n+1)] for i in range(n-1): x,y=map(int,input().split()) EDGELIST[x].append(y) EDGELIST[y].append(x) DEPTH=[-1]*(n+1) DEPTH[1]=0 from collections import deque QUE = deque([1]) QUE2 = deque() EULER=[] USED=[0]*(n+1) P=[-1]*(n+1) P[1]=1 while QUE: x=QUE.pop() EULER.append((DEPTH[x],x)) if USED[x]==1: continue for to in EDGELIST[x]: if USED[to]==0: DEPTH[to]=DEPTH[x]+1 P[to]=x QUE2.append(to) else: QUE.append(to) QUE.extend(QUE2) QUE2=deque() USED[x]=1 MINP=[1<<30]*(n+1) MAXP=[-1]*(n+1) for ind,(depth,p) in enumerate(EULER): MINP[p]=min(MINP[p],ind) MAXP[p]=max(MAXP[p],ind) LEN=len(EULER) seg_el=1<<(LEN.bit_length()) SEG=[(1<<30,0)]*(2*seg_el) for i in range(LEN): SEG[i+seg_el]=EULER[i] for i in range(seg_el-1,0,-1): SEG[i]=min(SEG[i*2],SEG[i*2+1]) def update(n,x,seg_el): i=n+seg_el SEG[i]=x i>>=1 while i!=0: SEG[i]=min(SEG[i*2],SEG[i*2+1]) i>>=1 def getvalues(l,r): L=l+seg_el R=r+seg_el ANS=(1<<30,0) while L<R: if L & 1: ANS=min(ANS , SEG[L]) L+=1 if R & 1: R-=1 ANS=min(ANS , SEG[R]) L>>=1 R>>=1 return ANS def LCA(l,r): return getvalues(min(MINP[l],MINP[r]),max(MAXP[l],MAXP[r])+1) for i in range(m): A=list(map(int,input().split()))[1:] M=max(A,key=lambda x:DEPTH[x]) for a in A: if LCA(M,P[a])[1]==P[a]: continue else: sys.stdout.write("NO\n") break else: sys.stdout.write("YES\n") ```
output
1
16,105
13
32,211
Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. You are given a rooted tree consisting of n vertices numbered from 1 to n. The root of the tree is a vertex number 1. A tree is a connected undirected graph with n-1 edges. You are given m queries. The i-th query consists of the set of k_i distinct vertices v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i]. Your task is to say if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path. Input The first line of the input contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5, 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices in the tree and the number of queries. Each of the next n-1 lines describes an edge of the tree. Edge i is denoted by two integers u_i and v_i, the labels of vertices it connects (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree. The next m lines describe queries. The i-th line describes the i-th query and starts with the integer k_i (1 ≤ k_i ≤ n) — the number of vertices in the current query. Then k_i integers follow: v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i] (1 ≤ v_i[j] ≤ n), where v_i[j] is the j-th vertex of the i-th query. It is guaranteed that all vertices in a single query are distinct. It is guaranteed that the sum of k_i does not exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5 (∑_{i=1}^{m} k_i ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5). Output For each query, print the answer — "YES", if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path and "NO" otherwise. Example Input 10 6 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 2 6 3 7 7 8 7 9 9 10 4 3 8 9 10 3 2 4 6 3 2 1 5 3 4 8 2 2 6 10 3 5 4 7 Output YES YES YES YES NO NO Note The picture corresponding to the example: <image> Consider the queries. The first query is [3, 8, 9, 10]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path from the root 1 to the vertex u=10. Then vertices [3, 9, 10] belong to the path from 1 to 10 and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which also belongs to this path. The second query is [2, 4, 6]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=2. Then the vertex 4 has distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 6 has distance 1 to the vertex 2 which belongs to this path. The third query is [2, 1, 5]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=5 and all vertices of the query belong to this path. The fourth query is [4, 8, 2]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=9 so vertices 2 and 4 both have distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which belongs to this path. The fifth and the sixth queries both have answer "NO" because you cannot choose suitable vertex u. Submitted Solution: ``` # =============================================================================================== # importing some useful libraries. from __future__ import division, print_function from fractions import Fraction import sys import os from io import BytesIO, IOBase from itertools import * import bisect from heapq import * from math import ceil, floor from copy import * from collections import deque, defaultdict from collections import Counter as counter # Counter(list) return a dict with {key: count} from itertools import combinations # if a = [1,2,3] then print(list(comb(a,2))) -----> [(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)] from itertools import permutations as permutate from bisect import bisect_left as bl from operator import * # If the element is already present in the list, # the left most position where element has to be inserted is returned. from bisect import bisect_right as br from bisect import bisect # If the element is already present in the list, # the right most position where element has to be inserted is returned # ============================================================================================== # fast I/O region BUFSIZE = 8192 from sys import stderr class FastIO(IOBase): newlines = 0 def __init__(self, file): self._fd = file.fileno() self.buffer = BytesIO() self.writable = "x" in file.mode or "r" not in file.mode self.write = self.buffer.write if self.writable else None def read(self): while True: b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE)) if not b: break ptr = self.buffer.tell() self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr) self.newlines = 0 return self.buffer.read() def readline(self): while self.newlines == 0: b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE)) self.newlines = b.count(b"\n") + (not b) ptr = self.buffer.tell() self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr) self.newlines -= 1 return self.buffer.readline() def flush(self): if self.writable: os.write(self._fd, self.buffer.getvalue()) self.buffer.truncate(0), self.buffer.seek(0) class IOWrapper(IOBase): def __init__(self, file): self.buffer = FastIO(file) self.flush = self.buffer.flush self.writable = self.buffer.writable self.write = lambda s: self.buffer.write(s.encode("ascii")) self.read = lambda: self.buffer.read().decode("ascii") self.readline = lambda: self.buffer.readline().decode("ascii") def print(*args, **kwargs): """Prints the values to a stream, or to sys.stdout by default.""" sep, file = kwargs.pop("sep", " "), kwargs.pop("file", sys.stdout) at_start = True for x in args: if not at_start: file.write(sep) file.write(str(x)) at_start = False file.write(kwargs.pop("end", "\n")) if kwargs.pop("flush", False): file.flush() if sys.version_info[0] < 3: sys.stdin, sys.stdout = FastIO(sys.stdin), FastIO(sys.stdout) else: sys.stdin, sys.stdout = IOWrapper(sys.stdin), IOWrapper(sys.stdout) # inp = lambda: sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n") # =============================================================================================== ### START ITERATE RECURSION ### from types import GeneratorType def iterative(f, stack=[]): def wrapped_func(*args, **kwargs): if stack: return f(*args, **kwargs) to = f(*args, **kwargs) while True: if type(to) is GeneratorType: stack.append(to) to = next(to) continue stack.pop() if not stack: break to = stack[-1].send(to) return to return wrapped_func #### END ITERATE RECURSION #### # =============================================================================================== # some shortcuts mod = 1000000007 def inp(): return sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n") # for fast input def out(var): sys.stdout.write(str(var)) # for fast output, always take string def lis(): return list(map(int, inp().split())) def stringlis(): return list(map(str, inp().split())) def sep(): return map(int, inp().split()) def strsep(): return map(str, inp().split()) def fsep(): return map(float, inp().split()) def nextline(): out("\n") # as stdout.write always print sring. def testcase(t): for p in range(t): solve() def pow(x, y, p): res = 1 # Initialize result x = x % p # Update x if it is more , than or equal to p if (x == 0): return 0 while (y > 0): if ((y & 1) == 1): # If y is odd, multiply, x with result res = (res * x) % p y = y >> 1 # y = y/2 x = (x * x) % p return res from functools import reduce def factors(n): return set(reduce(list.__add__, ([i, n // i] for i in range(1, int(n ** 0.5) + 1) if n % i == 0))) def gcd(a, b): if a == b: return a while b > 0: a, b = b, a % b return a #discrete binary search #minimise: # def search(): # l = 0 # r = 10 ** 15 # # for i in range(200): # if isvalid(l): # return l # if l == r: # return l # m = (l + r) // 2 # if isvalid(m) and not isvalid(m - 1): # return m # if isvalid(m): # r = m + 1 # else: # l = m # return m #maximise: # def search(): # l = 0 # r = 10 ** 15 # # for i in range(200): # # print(l,r) # if isvalid(r): # return r # if l == r: # return l # m = (l + r) // 2 # if isvalid(m) and not isvalid(m + 1): # return m # if isvalid(m): # l = m # else: # r = m - 1 # return m ##to find factorial and ncr # N=100000 # mod = 10**9 +7 # fac = [1, 1] # finv = [1, 1] # inv = [0, 1] # # for i in range(2, N + 1): # fac.append((fac[-1] * i) % mod) # inv.append(mod - (inv[mod % i] * (mod // i) % mod)) # finv.append(finv[-1] * inv[-1] % mod) # # # def comb(n, r): # if n < r: # return 0 # else: # return fac[n] * (finv[r] * finv[n - r] % mod) % mod ##############Find sum of product of subsets of size k in a array # ar=[0,1,2,3] # k=3 # n=len(ar)-1 # dp=[0]*(n+1) # dp[0]=1 # for pos in range(1,n+1): # dp[pos]=0 # l=max(1,k+pos-n-1) # for j in range(min(pos,k),l-1,-1): # dp[j]=dp[j]+ar[pos]*dp[j-1] # print(dp[k]) def prefix_sum(ar): # [1,2,3,4]->[1,3,6,10] return list(accumulate(ar)) def suffix_sum(ar): # [1,2,3,4]->[10,9,7,4] return list(accumulate(ar[::-1]))[::-1] def N(): return int(inp()) # ========================================================================================= from collections import defaultdict def numberOfSetBits(i): i = i - ((i >> 1) & 0x55555555) i = (i & 0x33333333) + ((i >> 2) & 0x33333333) return (((i + (i >> 4) & 0xF0F0F0F) * 0x1010101) & 0xffffffff) >> 24 sys.setrecursionlimit(200005) timer = 0 def solve(): n,m=sep() graph=[[] for _ in range(n)] for _ in range(n-1): a,b=sep() a-=1 b-=1 graph[a].append(b) graph[b].append(a) l = n.bit_length() up = [[0] * (l+1) for _ in range(n)] tin = [0] * n tout = [0] * n @iterative def dfs(i, p): global timer timer += 1 tin[i] = timer up[i][0] = p for j in range(1, l + 1): up[i][j] = up[up[i][j - 1]][j - 1] for c in graph[i]: if c == p: continue yield dfs(c, i) timer += 1 tout[i] = timer yield def is_ancestor(a, b): return tin[a] <= tin[b] and tout[a] >= tout[b] def lca(u, v): if is_ancestor(u, v): return u if is_ancestor(v, u): return v for i in range(l, -1, -1): if not is_ancestor(up[u][i], v): u = up[u][i] return up[u][0] parent=[0]*n distance=[0]*n @iterative def dfs1(i,p,d): # print(i,p,d) distance[i]=d parent[i]=p for c in graph[i]: if c==p: continue yield dfs1(c,i,d+1) yield dfs1(0,0,0) dfs(0,0) # print(parent) # print(distance) # print(tin) # print(tout) # print(up) for _ in range(m): temp=lis() ma=-1 # print(_) for i in range(1,len(temp)): temp[i]-=1 # print(temp[i],distance[temp[i]]) if distance[temp[i]]>ma: ma=distance[temp[i]] mat=temp[i] u=mat # print(u) f=0 for i in range(1,len(temp)): v=temp[i] anc=lca(u,v) # print(anc,u,v) if anc!=v and anc!=parent[v]: print("NO") f=1 break if f==0: print("YES") solve() #testcase(int(inp())) ```
instruction
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Yes
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1
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Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. You are given a rooted tree consisting of n vertices numbered from 1 to n. The root of the tree is a vertex number 1. A tree is a connected undirected graph with n-1 edges. You are given m queries. The i-th query consists of the set of k_i distinct vertices v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i]. Your task is to say if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path. Input The first line of the input contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5, 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices in the tree and the number of queries. Each of the next n-1 lines describes an edge of the tree. Edge i is denoted by two integers u_i and v_i, the labels of vertices it connects (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree. The next m lines describe queries. The i-th line describes the i-th query and starts with the integer k_i (1 ≤ k_i ≤ n) — the number of vertices in the current query. Then k_i integers follow: v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i] (1 ≤ v_i[j] ≤ n), where v_i[j] is the j-th vertex of the i-th query. It is guaranteed that all vertices in a single query are distinct. It is guaranteed that the sum of k_i does not exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5 (∑_{i=1}^{m} k_i ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5). Output For each query, print the answer — "YES", if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path and "NO" otherwise. Example Input 10 6 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 2 6 3 7 7 8 7 9 9 10 4 3 8 9 10 3 2 4 6 3 2 1 5 3 4 8 2 2 6 10 3 5 4 7 Output YES YES YES YES NO NO Note The picture corresponding to the example: <image> Consider the queries. The first query is [3, 8, 9, 10]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path from the root 1 to the vertex u=10. Then vertices [3, 9, 10] belong to the path from 1 to 10 and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which also belongs to this path. The second query is [2, 4, 6]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=2. Then the vertex 4 has distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 6 has distance 1 to the vertex 2 which belongs to this path. The third query is [2, 1, 5]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=5 and all vertices of the query belong to this path. The fourth query is [4, 8, 2]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=9 so vertices 2 and 4 both have distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which belongs to this path. The fifth and the sixth queries both have answer "NO" because you cannot choose suitable vertex u. Submitted Solution: ``` def DFS(graph,root,parent): dist = [-1]*(n+1) dist[root] = 0 stack = [root] while stack: x = stack.pop() for y in graph[x]: if dist[y] == -1: parent[y] = x dist[y] = dist[x]+1 stack.append(y) return dist #親のリスト、頂点v、kが与えられたときに「vのk個上の祖先」を見る class Doubling: def __init__(self,graph,root): self.root = root n = len(graph)-1 self.ancestor_ls = [[0]*(n+1)] self.distance = DFS(graph,root,self.ancestor_ls[0]) self.bitn = n.bit_length() for i in range(1,self.bitn+1): ancestor_ls_app = [0]*(n+1) for j in range(1,n+1): ancestor_ls_app[j] = self.ancestor_ls[i-1][self.ancestor_ls[i-1][j]] self.ancestor_ls.append(ancestor_ls_app) def dist(self): return self.distance def parent(self): return self.ancestor_ls[0] def ancestor(self,v,depth): if depth == 0: return v if n<depth: return self.root ret = v for i in range(self.bitn): if depth&1<<i: ret = self.ancestor_ls[i][ret] return ret def LCA(self,u,v): if self.distance[u]<self.distance[v]: u,v = v,u dif = self.distance[u]-self.distance[v] w = self.ancestor(u,dif) if w == v: return v for i in range(self.bitn,-1,-1): if self.ancestor_ls[i][w] != self.ancestor_ls[i][v]: w,v = self.ancestor_ls[i][w],self.ancestor_ls[i][v] return self.ancestor_ls[0][v] import sys input = sys.stdin.readline n,m = map(int,input().split()) ab = [list(map(int,input().split())) for i in range(n-1)] graph = [[] for i in range(n+1)] for a,b in ab: graph[a].append(b) graph[b].append(a) sol = Doubling(graph,1) par = sol.parent() d = sol.dist() for _ in range(m): k,*ls = map(int,input().split()) dmax = 0 dmind = 0 for i in range(k): ls[i] = par[ls[i]] if d[ls[i]] >= dmax: dmax = d[ls[i]] dmind = ls[i] flg = 1 for i in range(k): if sol.LCA(dmind,ls[i]) != ls[i]: flg = 0 break if flg: print("YES") else: print("NO") ```
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Yes
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Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. You are given a rooted tree consisting of n vertices numbered from 1 to n. The root of the tree is a vertex number 1. A tree is a connected undirected graph with n-1 edges. You are given m queries. The i-th query consists of the set of k_i distinct vertices v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i]. Your task is to say if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path. Input The first line of the input contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5, 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices in the tree and the number of queries. Each of the next n-1 lines describes an edge of the tree. Edge i is denoted by two integers u_i and v_i, the labels of vertices it connects (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree. The next m lines describe queries. The i-th line describes the i-th query and starts with the integer k_i (1 ≤ k_i ≤ n) — the number of vertices in the current query. Then k_i integers follow: v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i] (1 ≤ v_i[j] ≤ n), where v_i[j] is the j-th vertex of the i-th query. It is guaranteed that all vertices in a single query are distinct. It is guaranteed that the sum of k_i does not exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5 (∑_{i=1}^{m} k_i ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5). Output For each query, print the answer — "YES", if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path and "NO" otherwise. Example Input 10 6 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 2 6 3 7 7 8 7 9 9 10 4 3 8 9 10 3 2 4 6 3 2 1 5 3 4 8 2 2 6 10 3 5 4 7 Output YES YES YES YES NO NO Note The picture corresponding to the example: <image> Consider the queries. The first query is [3, 8, 9, 10]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path from the root 1 to the vertex u=10. Then vertices [3, 9, 10] belong to the path from 1 to 10 and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which also belongs to this path. The second query is [2, 4, 6]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=2. Then the vertex 4 has distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 6 has distance 1 to the vertex 2 which belongs to this path. The third query is [2, 1, 5]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=5 and all vertices of the query belong to this path. The fourth query is [4, 8, 2]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=9 so vertices 2 and 4 both have distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which belongs to this path. The fifth and the sixth queries both have answer "NO" because you cannot choose suitable vertex u. Submitted Solution: ``` import time #start_time = time.time() #def TIME_(): print(time.time()-start_time) import os, sys from io import BytesIO, IOBase from types import GeneratorType from bisect import bisect_left, bisect_right from collections import defaultdict as dd, deque as dq, Counter as dc import math, string, heapq as h BUFSIZE = 8192 class FastIO(IOBase): newlines = 0 def __init__(self, file): import os self.os = os self._fd = file.fileno() self.buffer = BytesIO() self.writable = "x" in file.mode or "r" not in file.mode self.write = self.buffer.write if self.writable else None def read(self): while True: b = self.os.read(self._fd, max(self.os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE)) if not b: break ptr = self.buffer.tell() self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr) self.newlines = 0 return self.buffer.read() def readline(self): while self.newlines == 0: b = self.os.read(self._fd, max(self.os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE)) self.newlines = b.count(b"\n") + (not b) ptr = self.buffer.tell() self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr) self.newlines -= 1 return self.buffer.readline() def flush(self): if self.writable: self.os.write(self._fd, self.buffer.getvalue()) self.buffer.truncate(0), self.buffer.seek(0) class IOWrapper(IOBase): def __init__(self, file): self.buffer = FastIO(file) self.flush = self.buffer.flush self.writable = self.buffer.writable self.write = lambda s: self.buffer.write(s.encode("ascii")) self.read = lambda: self.buffer.read().decode("ascii") self.readline = lambda: self.buffer.readline().decode("ascii") sys.stdin, sys.stdout = IOWrapper(sys.stdin), IOWrapper(sys.stdout) input = lambda: sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n") def getInt(): return int(input()) def getStrs(): return input().split() def getInts(): return list(map(int,input().split())) def getStr(): return input() def listStr(): return list(input()) def getMat(n): return [getInts() for _ in range(n)] def getBin(): return list(map(int,list(input()))) def isInt(s): return '0' <= s[0] <= '9' def ceil_(a,b): return a//b + (a%b > 0) """ For each query we're going to have to go as far as the deepest node(s), so the question is do all the other nodes lie close enough? Every other node must be a direct ancestor, or the child of a direct ancestor. *THE PARENT OF EVERY NODE MUST LIE IN A STRAIGHT LINE* """ def bootstrap(f, stack=[]): def wrappedfunc(*args, **kwargs): if stack: return f(*args, **kwargs) else: to = f(*args, **kwargs) while True: if type(to) is GeneratorType: stack.append(to) to = next(to) else: stack.pop() if not stack: break to = stack[-1].send(to) return to return wrappedfunc N, M = getInts() G = [[] for _ in range(N)] for _ in range(N-1): U, V = getInts() U -= 1 V -= 1 G[U].append(V) G[V].append(U) used = [0]*N parent = [-1]*N tin = [0]*N tout = [0]*N depth = [0]*N global curr curr = 1 @bootstrap def dfs(node): global curr tin[node] = curr curr += 1 for neigh in G[node]: if neigh != parent[node]: parent[neigh] = node depth[neigh] = depth[node] + 1 yield dfs(neigh) tout[node] = curr curr += 1 yield dfs(0) def path_(u,v): return (tin[u] <= tin[v] and tout[v] <= tout[u]) or (tin[v] <= tin[u] and tout[u] <= tout[v]) for m in range(M): K, *V = getInts() V = sorted(list(set([(depth[parent[v-1]],parent[v-1]) for v in V if v != 1]))) for i in range(len(V)-1): if not path_(V[i+1][1],V[i][1]): print("NO") break else: print("YES") #TIME_() ```
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Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. You are given a rooted tree consisting of n vertices numbered from 1 to n. The root of the tree is a vertex number 1. A tree is a connected undirected graph with n-1 edges. You are given m queries. The i-th query consists of the set of k_i distinct vertices v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i]. Your task is to say if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path. Input The first line of the input contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5, 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices in the tree and the number of queries. Each of the next n-1 lines describes an edge of the tree. Edge i is denoted by two integers u_i and v_i, the labels of vertices it connects (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree. The next m lines describe queries. The i-th line describes the i-th query and starts with the integer k_i (1 ≤ k_i ≤ n) — the number of vertices in the current query. Then k_i integers follow: v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i] (1 ≤ v_i[j] ≤ n), where v_i[j] is the j-th vertex of the i-th query. It is guaranteed that all vertices in a single query are distinct. It is guaranteed that the sum of k_i does not exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5 (∑_{i=1}^{m} k_i ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5). Output For each query, print the answer — "YES", if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path and "NO" otherwise. Example Input 10 6 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 2 6 3 7 7 8 7 9 9 10 4 3 8 9 10 3 2 4 6 3 2 1 5 3 4 8 2 2 6 10 3 5 4 7 Output YES YES YES YES NO NO Note The picture corresponding to the example: <image> Consider the queries. The first query is [3, 8, 9, 10]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path from the root 1 to the vertex u=10. Then vertices [3, 9, 10] belong to the path from 1 to 10 and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which also belongs to this path. The second query is [2, 4, 6]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=2. Then the vertex 4 has distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 6 has distance 1 to the vertex 2 which belongs to this path. The third query is [2, 1, 5]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=5 and all vertices of the query belong to this path. The fourth query is [4, 8, 2]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=9 so vertices 2 and 4 both have distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which belongs to this path. The fifth and the sixth queries both have answer "NO" because you cannot choose suitable vertex u. Submitted Solution: ``` import sys input = sys.stdin.readline N, Q = map(int, input().split()) G = [set() for _ in range(N+1)] for _ in range(N-1): a, b = map(int, input().split()) G[a].add(b) G[b].add(a) S = [None]*(2*N-1) F = [None]*(N+1) stack = [1] visited = set() depth = [None]*(N+1) depth[1] = 0 path = [] ii = 0 while stack: v = stack.pop() if v > 0: visited.add(v) path.append(v) F[v], S[ii] = ii, v ii += 1 for u in G[v]: if u in visited: continue stack += [-v, u] depth[u] = depth[v] + 1 else: child = path.pop() S[ii] = -v ii += 1 INF = (N, None) M = 2*N M0 = 2**(M-1).bit_length() data = [INF]*(2*M0) for i, v in enumerate(S): data[M0-1+i] = (depth[abs(v)], i) for i in range(M0-2, -1, -1): data[i] = min(data[2*i+1], data[2*i+2]) def _query(a, b): yield INF a, b = a + M0, b + M0 while a < b: if b & 1: b -= 1 yield data[b-1] if a & 1: yield data[a-1] a += 1 a, b = a >> 1, b >> 1 def query(u, v): fu, fv = F[u], F[v] if fu > fv: fu, fv = fv, fu return abs(S[min(_query(fu, fv+1))[1]]) def dist(x, y): c = query(x, y) return depth[x] + depth[y] - 2*depth[c] for _ in range(Q): X = list(map(int, input().split()))[1:] # print(X) x = X[0] for y in X[1:]: c = query(x, y) if depth[x] < depth[y]: u, v = x, y else: u, v = y, x if depth[u] - depth[c] > 1: print("NO") break x = v else: print("YES") ```
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Yes
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32,219
Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. You are given a rooted tree consisting of n vertices numbered from 1 to n. The root of the tree is a vertex number 1. A tree is a connected undirected graph with n-1 edges. You are given m queries. The i-th query consists of the set of k_i distinct vertices v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i]. Your task is to say if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path. Input The first line of the input contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5, 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices in the tree and the number of queries. Each of the next n-1 lines describes an edge of the tree. Edge i is denoted by two integers u_i and v_i, the labels of vertices it connects (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree. The next m lines describe queries. The i-th line describes the i-th query and starts with the integer k_i (1 ≤ k_i ≤ n) — the number of vertices in the current query. Then k_i integers follow: v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i] (1 ≤ v_i[j] ≤ n), where v_i[j] is the j-th vertex of the i-th query. It is guaranteed that all vertices in a single query are distinct. It is guaranteed that the sum of k_i does not exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5 (∑_{i=1}^{m} k_i ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5). Output For each query, print the answer — "YES", if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path and "NO" otherwise. Example Input 10 6 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 2 6 3 7 7 8 7 9 9 10 4 3 8 9 10 3 2 4 6 3 2 1 5 3 4 8 2 2 6 10 3 5 4 7 Output YES YES YES YES NO NO Note The picture corresponding to the example: <image> Consider the queries. The first query is [3, 8, 9, 10]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path from the root 1 to the vertex u=10. Then vertices [3, 9, 10] belong to the path from 1 to 10 and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which also belongs to this path. The second query is [2, 4, 6]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=2. Then the vertex 4 has distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 6 has distance 1 to the vertex 2 which belongs to this path. The third query is [2, 1, 5]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=5 and all vertices of the query belong to this path. The fourth query is [4, 8, 2]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=9 so vertices 2 and 4 both have distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which belongs to this path. The fifth and the sixth queries both have answer "NO" because you cannot choose suitable vertex u. Submitted Solution: ``` from types import GeneratorType def bootstrap(f, stack=[]): def wrappedfunc(*args, **kwargs): if stack: return f(*args, **kwargs) else: to = f(*args, **kwargs) while True: if type(to) is GeneratorType: stack.append(to) to = next(to) else: stack.pop() if not stack: break to = stack[-1].send(to) return to return wrappedfunc def main(): n,m=readIntArr() adj=[[] for _ in range(n+1)] for _ in range(n-1): u,v=readIntArr() adj[u].append(v) adj[v].append(u) parent=[-1 for _ in range(n+1)] start=[0 for _ in range(n+1)] end=[0 for _ in range(n+1)] depths=[0 for _ in range(n+1)] time=[0] @bootstrap def dfs(node,p,d): depths[node]=d parent[node]=p start[node]=time[0] time[0]+=1 for nex in adj[node]: if nex!=p: yield dfs(nex,node,d+1) end[node]=time[0] yield None dfs(1,-1,0) # print(parent) # print(start) # print(end) # print(depths) for node in range(2,n+1): assert parent[node]!=-1 assert start[node]>0 assert end[node]>0 assert depths[node]>0 ans=[] for _ in range(m): q=readIntArr() nodeWithMaxDepth=q[0] for node in q: if depths[node]>depths[nodeWithMaxDepth]: nodeWithMaxDepth=node #check that every node's parent is an ancestor of the node with max depth deepestNodeStart=start[nodeWithMaxDepth] deepestNodeEnd=end[nodeWithMaxDepth] ok=True for node in q: if node!=1: node=parent[node] nodeStart=start[node] nodeEnd=end[node] if nodeStart<=deepestNodeStart and nodeEnd>=deepestNodeEnd: #is parent pass else: #not parent ok=False break if ok: ans.append('YES') else: ans.append('NO') multiLineArrayPrint(ans) return #import sys #input=sys.stdin.buffer.readline #FOR READING PURE INTEGER INPUTS (space separation ok) import sys input=lambda: sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n") #FOR READING STRING/TEXT INPUTS. def oneLineArrayPrint(arr): print(' '.join([str(x) for x in arr])) def multiLineArrayPrint(arr): print('\n'.join([str(x) for x in arr])) def multiLineArrayOfArraysPrint(arr): print('\n'.join([' '.join([str(x) for x in y]) for y in arr])) def readIntArr(): return [int(x) for x in input().split()] inf=float('inf') MOD=10**9+7 main() ```
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No
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32,221
Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. You are given a rooted tree consisting of n vertices numbered from 1 to n. The root of the tree is a vertex number 1. A tree is a connected undirected graph with n-1 edges. You are given m queries. The i-th query consists of the set of k_i distinct vertices v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i]. Your task is to say if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path. Input The first line of the input contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5, 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices in the tree and the number of queries. Each of the next n-1 lines describes an edge of the tree. Edge i is denoted by two integers u_i and v_i, the labels of vertices it connects (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree. The next m lines describe queries. The i-th line describes the i-th query and starts with the integer k_i (1 ≤ k_i ≤ n) — the number of vertices in the current query. Then k_i integers follow: v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i] (1 ≤ v_i[j] ≤ n), where v_i[j] is the j-th vertex of the i-th query. It is guaranteed that all vertices in a single query are distinct. It is guaranteed that the sum of k_i does not exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5 (∑_{i=1}^{m} k_i ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5). Output For each query, print the answer — "YES", if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path and "NO" otherwise. Example Input 10 6 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 2 6 3 7 7 8 7 9 9 10 4 3 8 9 10 3 2 4 6 3 2 1 5 3 4 8 2 2 6 10 3 5 4 7 Output YES YES YES YES NO NO Note The picture corresponding to the example: <image> Consider the queries. The first query is [3, 8, 9, 10]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path from the root 1 to the vertex u=10. Then vertices [3, 9, 10] belong to the path from 1 to 10 and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which also belongs to this path. The second query is [2, 4, 6]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=2. Then the vertex 4 has distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 6 has distance 1 to the vertex 2 which belongs to this path. The third query is [2, 1, 5]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=5 and all vertices of the query belong to this path. The fourth query is [4, 8, 2]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=9 so vertices 2 and 4 both have distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which belongs to this path. The fifth and the sixth queries both have answer "NO" because you cannot choose suitable vertex u. Submitted Solution: ``` from sys import stdin, gettrace from collections import deque # if not gettrace(): # def input(): # return next(stdin)[:-1] # def input(): return stdin.buffer.readline() def readTree(n): adj = [set() for _ in range(n)] for _ in range(n-1): u,v = map(int, input().split()) adj[u-1].add(v-1) adj[v-1].add(u-1) return adj def treeOrderByDepth(n, adj, root=0): parent = [-2] + [-1]*(n-1) ordered = [] q = deque() q.append(root) while q: c =q.popleft() ordered.append(c) for a in adj[c]: if parent[a] == -1: parent[a] = c q.append(a) return (ordered, parent) def main(): n,m = map(int, input().split()) adj = readTree(n) ordered, parent = treeOrderByDepth(n, adj) depth = [0] + [None] * (n-1) for node in ordered[1:]: depth[node] = depth[parent[node]] + 1 for _ in range(m): solve(depth, parent) def solve(depth, parent): vv = [int(a)-1 for a in input().split()] m = vv[0] + 1 vv = vv[1:] vv.sort(key=lambda v: depth[v], reverse=True) pos = 0 p = parent[vv[0]] while pos < m: cdepth = depth[vv[pos]] while pos < m and depth[vv[pos]] == cdepth: if parent[vv[pos]] != p: print('NO') return pos += 1 p = parent[p] print("YES") if __name__ == "__main__": main() ```
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No
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Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. You are given a rooted tree consisting of n vertices numbered from 1 to n. The root of the tree is a vertex number 1. A tree is a connected undirected graph with n-1 edges. You are given m queries. The i-th query consists of the set of k_i distinct vertices v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i]. Your task is to say if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path. Input The first line of the input contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5, 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices in the tree and the number of queries. Each of the next n-1 lines describes an edge of the tree. Edge i is denoted by two integers u_i and v_i, the labels of vertices it connects (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree. The next m lines describe queries. The i-th line describes the i-th query and starts with the integer k_i (1 ≤ k_i ≤ n) — the number of vertices in the current query. Then k_i integers follow: v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i] (1 ≤ v_i[j] ≤ n), where v_i[j] is the j-th vertex of the i-th query. It is guaranteed that all vertices in a single query are distinct. It is guaranteed that the sum of k_i does not exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5 (∑_{i=1}^{m} k_i ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5). Output For each query, print the answer — "YES", if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path and "NO" otherwise. Example Input 10 6 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 2 6 3 7 7 8 7 9 9 10 4 3 8 9 10 3 2 4 6 3 2 1 5 3 4 8 2 2 6 10 3 5 4 7 Output YES YES YES YES NO NO Note The picture corresponding to the example: <image> Consider the queries. The first query is [3, 8, 9, 10]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path from the root 1 to the vertex u=10. Then vertices [3, 9, 10] belong to the path from 1 to 10 and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which also belongs to this path. The second query is [2, 4, 6]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=2. Then the vertex 4 has distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 6 has distance 1 to the vertex 2 which belongs to this path. The third query is [2, 1, 5]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=5 and all vertices of the query belong to this path. The fourth query is [4, 8, 2]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=9 so vertices 2 and 4 both have distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which belongs to this path. The fifth and the sixth queries both have answer "NO" because you cannot choose suitable vertex u. Submitted Solution: ``` import sys from collections import defaultdict T = 0 def dfs(x, par = -1, d = 1): global T if parent[x] != 0: return tin[x] = T deg[x] = d parent[x] = par T += 1 for y in g[x]: if y != par: dfs(y,x,d+1) tout[x] = T T += 1 def solve(v): global T l,r = 0,T for x in v: if x != 1: x = parent[x] l,r = max(1,tin[x]),min(r,tout[x]) return "YES" if l <= r else "NO" n,m = map(int,input().split()) g = [set() for _ in range(n+1)] for _ in range(n-1): a,b = map(int,input().split()) g[a].add(b) g[b].add(a) tin, tout = [0]*(n+1),[0]*(n+1) deg = [0]*(n+1) parent = [0]*(n+1) try: dfs(1) except Exception as e: print(str(e)) for _ in range(m): v = list(map(int,input().split()))[1:] print(solve(v)) ```
instruction
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No
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Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. You are given a rooted tree consisting of n vertices numbered from 1 to n. The root of the tree is a vertex number 1. A tree is a connected undirected graph with n-1 edges. You are given m queries. The i-th query consists of the set of k_i distinct vertices v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i]. Your task is to say if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path. Input The first line of the input contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5, 1 ≤ m ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices in the tree and the number of queries. Each of the next n-1 lines describes an edge of the tree. Edge i is denoted by two integers u_i and v_i, the labels of vertices it connects (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i). It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree. The next m lines describe queries. The i-th line describes the i-th query and starts with the integer k_i (1 ≤ k_i ≤ n) — the number of vertices in the current query. Then k_i integers follow: v_i[1], v_i[2], ..., v_i[k_i] (1 ≤ v_i[j] ≤ n), where v_i[j] is the j-th vertex of the i-th query. It is guaranteed that all vertices in a single query are distinct. It is guaranteed that the sum of k_i does not exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5 (∑_{i=1}^{m} k_i ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5). Output For each query, print the answer — "YES", if there is a path from the root to some vertex u such that each of the given k vertices is either belongs to this path or has the distance 1 to some vertex of this path and "NO" otherwise. Example Input 10 6 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 2 6 3 7 7 8 7 9 9 10 4 3 8 9 10 3 2 4 6 3 2 1 5 3 4 8 2 2 6 10 3 5 4 7 Output YES YES YES YES NO NO Note The picture corresponding to the example: <image> Consider the queries. The first query is [3, 8, 9, 10]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path from the root 1 to the vertex u=10. Then vertices [3, 9, 10] belong to the path from 1 to 10 and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which also belongs to this path. The second query is [2, 4, 6]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=2. Then the vertex 4 has distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 6 has distance 1 to the vertex 2 which belongs to this path. The third query is [2, 1, 5]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=5 and all vertices of the query belong to this path. The fourth query is [4, 8, 2]. The answer is "YES" as you can choose the path to the vertex u=9 so vertices 2 and 4 both have distance 1 to the vertex 1 which belongs to this path and the vertex 8 has distance 1 to the vertex 7 which belongs to this path. The fifth and the sixth queries both have answer "NO" because you cannot choose suitable vertex u. Submitted Solution: ``` from types import GeneratorType def bootstrap(f, stack=[]): def wrappedfunc(*args, **kwargs): if stack: return f(*args, **kwargs) else: to = f(*args, **kwargs) while True: if type(to) is GeneratorType: stack.append(to) to = next(to) else: stack.pop() if not stack: break to = stack[-1].send(to) return to return wrappedfunc def main(): n,m=readIntArr() adj=[[] for _ in range(n+1)] for _ in range(n-1): u,v=readIntArr() adj[u].append(v) adj[v].append(u) parent=[-1 for _ in range(n+1)] start=[0 for _ in range(n+1)] end=[0 for _ in range(n+1)] depths=[0 for _ in range(n+1)] time=[0] @bootstrap def dfs(node,p,d): depths[node]=d parent[node]=p start[node]=time[0] time[0]+=1 for nex in adj[node]: if nex!=p: yield dfs(nex,node,d+1) end[node]=time[0] yield None dfs(1,-1,0) # print(parent) # print(start) # print(end) ans=[] for _ in range(m): q=readIntArr() nodeWithMaxDepth=q[0] for node in q: if depths[node]>depths[nodeWithMaxDepth]: nodeWithMaxDepth=node #check that every node's parent is an ancestor of the node with max depth deepestNodeStart=start[nodeWithMaxDepth] deepestNodeEnd=end[nodeWithMaxDepth] ok=True for node in q: if node!=1: node=parent[node] nodeStart=start[node] nodeEnd=end[node] if nodeStart<=deepestNodeStart and nodeEnd>=deepestNodeEnd: #is parent pass else: #not parent ok=False break if ok: ans.append('YES') else: ans.append('NO') multiLineArrayPrint(ans) return #import sys #input=sys.stdin.buffer.readline #FOR READING PURE INTEGER INPUTS (space separation ok) import sys input=lambda: sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n") #FOR READING STRING/TEXT INPUTS. def oneLineArrayPrint(arr): print(' '.join([str(x) for x in arr])) def multiLineArrayPrint(arr): print('\n'.join([str(x) for x in arr])) def multiLineArrayOfArraysPrint(arr): print('\n'.join([' '.join([str(x) for x in y]) for y in arr])) def readIntArr(): return [int(x) for x in input().split()] inf=float('inf') MOD=10**9+7 main() ```
instruction
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16,113
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No
output
1
16,113
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Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. Connected undirected graph without cycles is called a tree. Trees is a class of graphs which is interesting not only for people, but for ants too. An ant stands at the root of some tree. He sees that there are n vertexes in the tree, and they are connected by n - 1 edges so that there is a path between any pair of vertexes. A leaf is a distinct from root vertex, which is connected with exactly one other vertex. The ant wants to visit every vertex in the tree and return to the root, passing every edge twice. In addition, he wants to visit the leaves in a specific order. You are to find some possible route of the ant. Input The first line contains integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 300) — amount of vertexes in the tree. Next n - 1 lines describe edges. Each edge is described with two integers — indexes of vertexes which it connects. Each edge can be passed in any direction. Vertexes are numbered starting from 1. The root of the tree has number 1. The last line contains k integers, where k is amount of leaves in the tree. These numbers describe the order in which the leaves should be visited. It is guaranteed that each leaf appears in this order exactly once. Output If the required route doesn't exist, output -1. Otherwise, output 2n - 1 numbers, describing the route. Every time the ant comes to a vertex, output it's index. Examples Input 3 1 2 2 3 3 Output 1 2 3 2 1 Input 6 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 5 4 6 5 6 3 Output 1 2 4 5 4 6 4 2 1 3 1 Input 6 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 5 4 6 5 3 6 Output -1
instruction
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Tags: constructive algorithms, dfs and similar, trees Correct Solution: ``` from collections import defaultdict class Solution: def __init__(self): pass def solve_and_print(self): tree = Tree() parents = [None] * (tree.n+1) parents[1] = 1 tree.set_parents(1, parents) leaves_path = defaultdict(list) for leaf in tree.leaves: node = leaf path = [] while node != 1: path.append(node) node = parents[node] path.append(1) leaves_path[leaf] = list(reversed(path)) path = tree.create_path(leaves_path) counter = defaultdict(int) for i in range(len(path) - 1): counter[(min(path[i], path[i + 1]), max(path[i], path[i + 1]))] += 1 counter = counter.values() if max(counter) == 2 and min(counter) == 2: print(' '.join([str(i) for i in tree.create_path(leaves_path)])) else: print(-1) class Tree: def __init__(self): self.n = int(input()) self.tree = defaultdict(list) for _ in range(self.n-1): u, v = [int(x) for x in input().split()] self.tree[u].append(v) self.tree[v].append(u) self.leaves = [int(x) for x in input().split()] def set_parents(self, node, parents): for i in self.tree[node]: if parents[i] is None: parents[i] = node self.set_parents(i, parents) def create_path(self, leaves_path): output = [] node = 0 for i in range(len(self.leaves) - 1): leaf = self.leaves[i] output += leaves_path[leaf][node:] j = 0 while j < len(leaves_path[leaf]) and j < len(leaves_path[self.leaves[i + 1]]) and \ leaves_path[leaf][j] == leaves_path[self.leaves[i + 1]][j]: j += 1 node = j - 1 output += list(reversed(leaves_path[leaf][j:-1])) leaf = self.leaves[-1] output += leaves_path[leaf][node:] output += list(reversed(leaves_path[leaf][:-1])) return output if __name__ == "__main__": Solution().solve_and_print() ```
output
1
16,283
13
32,567
Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. Connected undirected graph without cycles is called a tree. Trees is a class of graphs which is interesting not only for people, but for ants too. An ant stands at the root of some tree. He sees that there are n vertexes in the tree, and they are connected by n - 1 edges so that there is a path between any pair of vertexes. A leaf is a distinct from root vertex, which is connected with exactly one other vertex. The ant wants to visit every vertex in the tree and return to the root, passing every edge twice. In addition, he wants to visit the leaves in a specific order. You are to find some possible route of the ant. Input The first line contains integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 300) — amount of vertexes in the tree. Next n - 1 lines describe edges. Each edge is described with two integers — indexes of vertexes which it connects. Each edge can be passed in any direction. Vertexes are numbered starting from 1. The root of the tree has number 1. The last line contains k integers, where k is amount of leaves in the tree. These numbers describe the order in which the leaves should be visited. It is guaranteed that each leaf appears in this order exactly once. Output If the required route doesn't exist, output -1. Otherwise, output 2n - 1 numbers, describing the route. Every time the ant comes to a vertex, output it's index. Examples Input 3 1 2 2 3 3 Output 1 2 3 2 1 Input 6 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 5 4 6 5 6 3 Output 1 2 4 5 4 6 4 2 1 3 1 Input 6 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 5 4 6 5 3 6 Output -1
instruction
0
16,284
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32,568
Tags: constructive algorithms, dfs and similar, trees Correct Solution: ``` import sys from array import array # noqa: F401 def input(): return sys.stdin.buffer.readline().decode('utf-8') n = int(input()) adj = [[] for _ in range(n + 1)] deg = [0] * (n + 1) deg[1] = 1 for _ in range(n - 1): u, v = map(int, input().split()) adj[u].append(v) adj[v].append(u) deg[u] += 1 deg[v] += 1 ks = list(map(int, input().split())) priority = [10**9] * (n + 1) for i, v in enumerate(ks): priority[v] = i stack = [v for v in range(1, n + 1) if deg[v] == 1] while stack: v = stack.pop() deg[v] = 0 adj[v].sort(key=lambda i: priority[i]) for dest in adj[v]: if deg[dest] == 0: continue priority[dest] = min(priority[dest], priority[v]) deg[dest] -= 1 if deg[dest] == 1: stack.append(dest) ks = ks[::-1] stack = [(1, 0, -1)] ans = [] while stack: v, ei, par = stack.pop() ans.append(v) if ks and ks[-1] == v: ks.pop() if ei < len(adj[v]) and adj[v][ei] == par: ei += 1 if len(adj[v]) == ei: continue stack.extend(((v, ei + 1, par), (adj[v][ei], 0, v))) if not ks: print(*ans) else: print(-1) ```
output
1
16,284
13
32,569
Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. Connected undirected graph without cycles is called a tree. Trees is a class of graphs which is interesting not only for people, but for ants too. An ant stands at the root of some tree. He sees that there are n vertexes in the tree, and they are connected by n - 1 edges so that there is a path between any pair of vertexes. A leaf is a distinct from root vertex, which is connected with exactly one other vertex. The ant wants to visit every vertex in the tree and return to the root, passing every edge twice. In addition, he wants to visit the leaves in a specific order. You are to find some possible route of the ant. Input The first line contains integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 300) — amount of vertexes in the tree. Next n - 1 lines describe edges. Each edge is described with two integers — indexes of vertexes which it connects. Each edge can be passed in any direction. Vertexes are numbered starting from 1. The root of the tree has number 1. The last line contains k integers, where k is amount of leaves in the tree. These numbers describe the order in which the leaves should be visited. It is guaranteed that each leaf appears in this order exactly once. Output If the required route doesn't exist, output -1. Otherwise, output 2n - 1 numbers, describing the route. Every time the ant comes to a vertex, output it's index. Examples Input 3 1 2 2 3 3 Output 1 2 3 2 1 Input 6 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 5 4 6 5 6 3 Output 1 2 4 5 4 6 4 2 1 3 1 Input 6 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 5 4 6 5 3 6 Output -1
instruction
0
16,285
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32,570
Tags: constructive algorithms, dfs and similar, trees Correct Solution: ``` class Node: def __init__(self, data=None): self.data = data self.connections = [] self.path = [] class Tree: def __init__(self): self.root = None self.nodes = {} def addConnections(self, p, c): if p not in self.nodes: parent = Node(p) self.nodes[p] = parent else: parent = self.nodes[p] if c not in self.nodes: child = Node(c) self.nodes[c] = child else: child = self.nodes[c] if p == 1: self.root = parent self.root.path = [1] if c == 1: self.root = child self.root.path = [1] parent.connections.append(child) child.connections.append(parent) def dfsWithPath(self, nodeDict): currentNode = self.root stack = [currentNode] visited = [] while stack: currentNode = stack.pop() visited.append(currentNode.data) stack.extend([x for x in currentNode.connections if x.data not in visited]) for node in currentNode.connections: node.path = currentNode.path + [node.data] nodeDict[node.data] = node.path n = int(input()) tree = Tree() for i in range(n - 1): [p, c] = [int(x) for x in input().split()] tree.addConnections(p, c) nodeDict = {} tree.dfsWithPath(nodeDict) leaves = [int(x) for x in input().split()] root = tree.root totalPath = [root.data] currentNode = root.data currentNumber = root.data currentPath = [] for leaf in leaves: found = False while not found: if currentNode in nodeDict[leaf]: found = True totalPath = totalPath + nodeDict[leaf][nodeDict[leaf].index(currentNode) + 1:] currentNode = leaf currentPath = nodeDict[leaf].copy() currentNumber = -2 else: currentNode = currentPath[currentNumber] totalPath.append(currentNode) currentNumber -= 1 totalPath = totalPath + nodeDict[leaf][::-1][1:] if len(totalPath) == 2 * n - 1: res = "" for i in totalPath: res = res + str(i) + " " print(res) else: print('-1') ```
output
1
16,285
13
32,571
Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. Connected undirected graph without cycles is called a tree. Trees is a class of graphs which is interesting not only for people, but for ants too. An ant stands at the root of some tree. He sees that there are n vertexes in the tree, and they are connected by n - 1 edges so that there is a path between any pair of vertexes. A leaf is a distinct from root vertex, which is connected with exactly one other vertex. The ant wants to visit every vertex in the tree and return to the root, passing every edge twice. In addition, he wants to visit the leaves in a specific order. You are to find some possible route of the ant. Input The first line contains integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 300) — amount of vertexes in the tree. Next n - 1 lines describe edges. Each edge is described with two integers — indexes of vertexes which it connects. Each edge can be passed in any direction. Vertexes are numbered starting from 1. The root of the tree has number 1. The last line contains k integers, where k is amount of leaves in the tree. These numbers describe the order in which the leaves should be visited. It is guaranteed that each leaf appears in this order exactly once. Output If the required route doesn't exist, output -1. Otherwise, output 2n - 1 numbers, describing the route. Every time the ant comes to a vertex, output it's index. Examples Input 3 1 2 2 3 3 Output 1 2 3 2 1 Input 6 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 5 4 6 5 6 3 Output 1 2 4 5 4 6 4 2 1 3 1 Input 6 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 5 4 6 5 3 6 Output -1
instruction
0
16,286
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32,572
Tags: constructive algorithms, dfs and similar, trees Correct Solution: ``` from collections import defaultdict def set_parents(tree, node, parents): for i in tree[node]: if parents[i] is None: parents[i] = node set_parents(tree, i, parents) def create_path(leaves, leaves_path): output = [] node = 0 for i in range(len(leaves) - 1): leave = leaves[i] output += leaves_path[leave][node:] j = 0 while j < len(leaves_path[leave]) and j < len(leaves_path[leaves[i + 1]]) and leaves_path[leave][j] == leaves_path[leaves[i + 1]][j]: j += 1 node = j - 1 output += list(reversed(leaves_path[leave][j:-1])) leave = leaves[-1] output += leaves_path[leave][node:] output += list(reversed(leaves_path[leave][:-1])) return output tree = defaultdict(list) n = int(input()) for _ in range(n - 1): u, v = map(int, input().split()) tree[u].append(v) tree[v].append(u) parents = [None] * (n + 1) parents[1] = 1 set_parents(tree, 1, parents) leaves = list(map(int, input().split())) leaves_path = defaultdict(list) for leave in leaves: node = leave path = [] while node != 1: path.append(node) node = parents[node] path.append(1) leaves_path[leave] = list(reversed(path)) path = create_path(leaves, leaves_path) counter = defaultdict(int) for i in range(len(path) - 1): counter[(min(path[i], path[i + 1]), max(path[i], path[i + 1]))] += 1 counter = counter.values() if max(counter) == 2 and min(counter) == 2: print(' '.join([str(i) for i in create_path(leaves, leaves_path)])) else: print(-1) ```
output
1
16,286
13
32,573
Provide tags and a correct Python 3 solution for this coding contest problem. Connected undirected graph without cycles is called a tree. Trees is a class of graphs which is interesting not only for people, but for ants too. An ant stands at the root of some tree. He sees that there are n vertexes in the tree, and they are connected by n - 1 edges so that there is a path between any pair of vertexes. A leaf is a distinct from root vertex, which is connected with exactly one other vertex. The ant wants to visit every vertex in the tree and return to the root, passing every edge twice. In addition, he wants to visit the leaves in a specific order. You are to find some possible route of the ant. Input The first line contains integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 300) — amount of vertexes in the tree. Next n - 1 lines describe edges. Each edge is described with two integers — indexes of vertexes which it connects. Each edge can be passed in any direction. Vertexes are numbered starting from 1. The root of the tree has number 1. The last line contains k integers, where k is amount of leaves in the tree. These numbers describe the order in which the leaves should be visited. It is guaranteed that each leaf appears in this order exactly once. Output If the required route doesn't exist, output -1. Otherwise, output 2n - 1 numbers, describing the route. Every time the ant comes to a vertex, output it's index. Examples Input 3 1 2 2 3 3 Output 1 2 3 2 1 Input 6 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 5 4 6 5 6 3 Output 1 2 4 5 4 6 4 2 1 3 1 Input 6 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 5 4 6 5 3 6 Output -1
instruction
0
16,287
13
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Tags: constructive algorithms, dfs and similar, trees Correct Solution: ``` n = int(input()) adj = [[] for i in range(n)] adj2 = [[] for i in range(n)] for i in range(n-1): u,v = map(int,input().split()) adj[u-1].append(v-1) adj[v-1].append(u-1) leaf = {} a = list(map(int,input().split())) for i in range(len(a)): leaf[a[i]-1] = i inf = 200000 def dfs1(v,frm,adj2): if len(adj[v]) == 1 and v!=0: return (inf if v not in leaf else leaf[v],v) best = float("inf") for u in adj[v]: if u != frm: c = dfs1(u,v,adj2) adj2[v].append(c) best = min(best,c[0]) return (best,v) dfs1(0,-1,adj2) path = [] for i in range(n): adj2[i].sort() #print(*adj2) def dfs2(v,frm,path): path.append(v+1) for _,u in adj2[v]: if u!=frm: dfs2(u,v,path) if frm!=-1: path.append(frm+1) dfs2(0,-1,path) gd = [] for i in path: if i-1 in leaf: gd.append(i) if gd == a: print(*path) else: print(-1) ```
output
1
16,287
13
32,575
Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. Connected undirected graph without cycles is called a tree. Trees is a class of graphs which is interesting not only for people, but for ants too. An ant stands at the root of some tree. He sees that there are n vertexes in the tree, and they are connected by n - 1 edges so that there is a path between any pair of vertexes. A leaf is a distinct from root vertex, which is connected with exactly one other vertex. The ant wants to visit every vertex in the tree and return to the root, passing every edge twice. In addition, he wants to visit the leaves in a specific order. You are to find some possible route of the ant. Input The first line contains integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 300) — amount of vertexes in the tree. Next n - 1 lines describe edges. Each edge is described with two integers — indexes of vertexes which it connects. Each edge can be passed in any direction. Vertexes are numbered starting from 1. The root of the tree has number 1. The last line contains k integers, where k is amount of leaves in the tree. These numbers describe the order in which the leaves should be visited. It is guaranteed that each leaf appears in this order exactly once. Output If the required route doesn't exist, output -1. Otherwise, output 2n - 1 numbers, describing the route. Every time the ant comes to a vertex, output it's index. Examples Input 3 1 2 2 3 3 Output 1 2 3 2 1 Input 6 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 5 4 6 5 6 3 Output 1 2 4 5 4 6 4 2 1 3 1 Input 6 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 5 4 6 5 3 6 Output -1 Submitted Solution: ``` # from dust i have come, dust i will be class graph(object): def __init__(self,n): self.n=n self.adj=[list() for i in range(n+1)] self.parent=[0]*(n+1) self.vis=[0]*(n+1) def insert(self,u,v): self.adj[u].append(v) def dfs(self,s,pr): self.vis[s]=1 if(pr==1): print(s,end=' ') cnt=0 for i in range(len(self.adj[s])): if self.vis[self.adj[s][i]]==0: cnt+=1 self.parent[self.adj[s][i]]=s self.dfs(self.adj[s][i],pr) if(pr==1): print(s,end=' ') def reset(self): for i in range(n+1): self.vis[i]=0; n=int(input()) g=graph(n) for i in range(n-1): u,v=map(int,input().split()) g.insert(u,v) g.insert(v,u) k=list(map(int,input().split())) g.dfs(1,0) a=g.parent dict={} for i in range(len(k)): v=a[k[i]] if v not in dict: dict[v]=1 else: if a[k[i]]==a[k[i-1]]: continue else: print(-1) exit(0) g.reset() g.dfs(1,1) ```
instruction
0
16,288
13
32,576
No
output
1
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13
32,577
Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. Connected undirected graph without cycles is called a tree. Trees is a class of graphs which is interesting not only for people, but for ants too. An ant stands at the root of some tree. He sees that there are n vertexes in the tree, and they are connected by n - 1 edges so that there is a path between any pair of vertexes. A leaf is a distinct from root vertex, which is connected with exactly one other vertex. The ant wants to visit every vertex in the tree and return to the root, passing every edge twice. In addition, he wants to visit the leaves in a specific order. You are to find some possible route of the ant. Input The first line contains integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 300) — amount of vertexes in the tree. Next n - 1 lines describe edges. Each edge is described with two integers — indexes of vertexes which it connects. Each edge can be passed in any direction. Vertexes are numbered starting from 1. The root of the tree has number 1. The last line contains k integers, where k is amount of leaves in the tree. These numbers describe the order in which the leaves should be visited. It is guaranteed that each leaf appears in this order exactly once. Output If the required route doesn't exist, output -1. Otherwise, output 2n - 1 numbers, describing the route. Every time the ant comes to a vertex, output it's index. Examples Input 3 1 2 2 3 3 Output 1 2 3 2 1 Input 6 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 5 4 6 5 6 3 Output 1 2 4 5 4 6 4 2 1 3 1 Input 6 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 5 4 6 5 3 6 Output -1 Submitted Solution: ``` #TO MAKE THE PROGRAM FAST ''' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ''' import sys from collections import * input = sys.stdin.readline sys.setrecursionlimit(100000) ''' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ''' #FOR TAKING INPUTS ''' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ''' def li():return [int(i) for i in input().rstrip('\n').split(' ')] def val():return int(input().rstrip('\n')) def st():return input().rstrip('\n') def sttoli():return [int(i) for i in input().rstrip('\n')] ''' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ''' def deepcopysets(root,maind,finald): try: finald[root] = set() if not len(maind[root]): finald[root].add(root) else: for i in maind[root]: temp = deepcopysets(i,maind,finald) for j in temp[i]: finald[root].add(j) finald[root] = sorted(list(finald[root])) return finald except: print(-1) exit() def givearraysorted(l,helpset,kdict): return sorted(l,key = lambda x:kdict[helpset[x][0]]) def dfs(root,arr,d,k,helpset,kdict): try: temp = givearraysorted(d[root],helpset,kdict) for i in temp: if not len(d[i]): arr.append(root) arr.append(i) else: arr.append(root) arr = dfs(i,arr,d,k,helpset,kdict) arr.append(root) return arr except: print(-1) exit() #MAIN PROGRAM ''' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ''' n = val() d = defaultdict(set) root = None for i in range(n-1): s = li() d[s[0]].add(s[1]) if not root: root = s[0] k = li() k2 = set(k) kdict = {} for ind,i in enumerate(k): kdict[i] = ind ans = [] helpset = deepcopysets(root,d,{}) ans = dfs(root,ans,d,k,helpset,kdict) j = 0 for i in ans: if i in k2: if k[j] != i: print(-1) exit() else: j+=1 print(*ans) ''' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ''' ```
instruction
0
16,289
13
32,578
No
output
1
16,289
13
32,579
Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. Connected undirected graph without cycles is called a tree. Trees is a class of graphs which is interesting not only for people, but for ants too. An ant stands at the root of some tree. He sees that there are n vertexes in the tree, and they are connected by n - 1 edges so that there is a path between any pair of vertexes. A leaf is a distinct from root vertex, which is connected with exactly one other vertex. The ant wants to visit every vertex in the tree and return to the root, passing every edge twice. In addition, he wants to visit the leaves in a specific order. You are to find some possible route of the ant. Input The first line contains integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 300) — amount of vertexes in the tree. Next n - 1 lines describe edges. Each edge is described with two integers — indexes of vertexes which it connects. Each edge can be passed in any direction. Vertexes are numbered starting from 1. The root of the tree has number 1. The last line contains k integers, where k is amount of leaves in the tree. These numbers describe the order in which the leaves should be visited. It is guaranteed that each leaf appears in this order exactly once. Output If the required route doesn't exist, output -1. Otherwise, output 2n - 1 numbers, describing the route. Every time the ant comes to a vertex, output it's index. Examples Input 3 1 2 2 3 3 Output 1 2 3 2 1 Input 6 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 5 4 6 5 6 3 Output 1 2 4 5 4 6 4 2 1 3 1 Input 6 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 5 4 6 5 3 6 Output -1 Submitted Solution: ``` #TO MAKE THE PROGRAM FAST ''' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ''' import sys from collections import * input = sys.stdin.readline sys.setrecursionlimit(100000) ''' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ''' #FOR TAKING INPUTS ''' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ''' def li():return [int(i) for i in input().rstrip('\n').split(' ')] def val():return int(input().rstrip('\n')) def st():return input().rstrip('\n') def sttoli():return [int(i) for i in input().rstrip('\n')] ''' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ''' def deepcopysets(root,maind,finald): try: finald[root] = set() if not len(maind[root]): finald[root].add(root) else: for i in maind[root]: temp = deepcopysets(i,maind,finald) for j in temp[i]: finald[root].add(j) finald[root] = sorted(list(finald[root])) return finald except: print(-1) exit() def givearraysorted(l,helpset,kdict): return sorted(l,key = lambda x:kdict[helpset[x][0]]) def dfs(root,arr,d,k,helpset,kdict): try: temp = givearraysorted(d[root],helpset,kdict) for i in temp: if not len(d[i]): arr.append(root) arr.append(i) else: arr.append(root) arr = dfs(i,arr,d,k,helpset,kdict) arr.append(root) return arr except: print(-1) exit() #MAIN PROGRAM ''' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ''' n = val() d = defaultdict(set) root = 1 templist = [] for i in range(n-1): templist.append(li()) k = li() k2 = set(k) kdict = {} for ind,i in enumerate(k): kdict[i] = ind for i in templist: if i[0] not in k2: d[i[0]].add(i[1]) else:d[i[1]].add(i[0]) # print(d) ans = [] # print(d) helpset = deepcopysets(root,d,{}) ans = dfs(root,ans,d,k,helpset,kdict) j = 0 if len(ans) != 2*n-1: print(-1) exit() for i in ans: if i in k2: if k[j] != i: print(-1) exit() else: j+=1 print(*ans) ''' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ''' ```
instruction
0
16,290
13
32,580
No
output
1
16,290
13
32,581
Evaluate the correctness of the submitted Python 3 solution to the coding contest problem. Provide a "Yes" or "No" response. Connected undirected graph without cycles is called a tree. Trees is a class of graphs which is interesting not only for people, but for ants too. An ant stands at the root of some tree. He sees that there are n vertexes in the tree, and they are connected by n - 1 edges so that there is a path between any pair of vertexes. A leaf is a distinct from root vertex, which is connected with exactly one other vertex. The ant wants to visit every vertex in the tree and return to the root, passing every edge twice. In addition, he wants to visit the leaves in a specific order. You are to find some possible route of the ant. Input The first line contains integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 300) — amount of vertexes in the tree. Next n - 1 lines describe edges. Each edge is described with two integers — indexes of vertexes which it connects. Each edge can be passed in any direction. Vertexes are numbered starting from 1. The root of the tree has number 1. The last line contains k integers, where k is amount of leaves in the tree. These numbers describe the order in which the leaves should be visited. It is guaranteed that each leaf appears in this order exactly once. Output If the required route doesn't exist, output -1. Otherwise, output 2n - 1 numbers, describing the route. Every time the ant comes to a vertex, output it's index. Examples Input 3 1 2 2 3 3 Output 1 2 3 2 1 Input 6 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 5 4 6 5 6 3 Output 1 2 4 5 4 6 4 2 1 3 1 Input 6 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 5 4 6 5 3 6 Output -1 Submitted Solution: ``` #TO MAKE THE PROGRAM FAST ''' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ''' import sys from collections import * input = sys.stdin.readline sys.setrecursionlimit(100000) ''' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ''' #FOR TAKING INPUTS ''' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ''' def li():return [int(i) for i in input().rstrip('\n').split(' ')] def val():return int(input().rstrip('\n')) def st():return input().rstrip('\n') def sttoli():return [int(i) for i in input().rstrip('\n')] ''' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ''' try: def deepcopysets(root,maind,finald): finald[root] = set() if not len(maind[root]): finald[root].add(root) else: for i in maind[root]: temp = deepcopysets(i,maind,finald) for j in temp[i]: finald[root].add(j) finald[root] = sorted(list(finald[root])) return finald except: print(-1) exit() def givearraysorted(l,helpset,kdict): try: return sorted(l,key = lambda x:kdict[helpset[x][0]]) except: print(-1) exit() try: def dfs(root,arr,d,k,helpset,kdict): temp = givearraysorted(d[root],helpset,kdict) for i in temp: if not len(d[i]): arr.append(root) arr.append(i) else: arr.append(root) arr = dfs(i,arr,d,k,helpset,kdict) arr.append(root) return arr except: print(-1) exit() #MAIN PROGRAM ''' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ''' n = val() d = defaultdict(set) root = 1 templist = [] for i in range(n-1): templist.append(sorted(li())) templist.sort() k = li() k2 = set(k) kdict = {} for ind,i in enumerate(k): kdict[i] = ind for i in templist: if i[0] not in k2 and i[1] != 1 and i[1] not in d: d[i[0]].add(i[1]) else:d[i[1]].add(i[0]) # print(d,k2) ans = [] # print(d) helpset = deepcopysets(root,d,{}) ans = dfs(root,ans,d,k,helpset,kdict) j = 0 if len(ans) != (2*n)-1: print(-1) exit() else: for i in ans: if i in k2: if k[j] != i: print(-1) exit() else: j+=1 print(*ans) ''' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ''' ```
instruction
0
16,291
13
32,582
No
output
1
16,291
13
32,583