index int64 0 4.08k | text stringlengths 34 4.9k ⌀ | url stringclasses 38
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396 | You can find which attributes are included in the global catalog by using a query with
the following criteria:
Base
cn=Schema,cn=Configuration,<ForestRootDN>
Filter
(&(objectcategory=attributeSchema)(isMemberOfPartialAttribute
Set=TRUE))
Scope
onelevel
You can also find attributes that are included in the PAS using AdF... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
397 | 7. Accept the default and bind as the currently logged on user or select the option to
bind with credentials and then enter the credentials.
8. Click OK.
9. From the menu, select Browse→Search.
10. For Base DN, enter the Schema container DN (e.g., cn=schema,cn=configura
tion,dc=adatum,dc=com).
11. For Scope, select One... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
398 | Get-ADObject -SearchBase "cn=schema,cn=configuration,<ForestRootDN>"↵
-LDAPFilter "(&(objectCategory=attributeSchema)↵
(systemFlags:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=4))" | FL
Discussion
The systemFlags attribute of attributeSchema objects defines a few special attribute
properties, including whether an attribute is not replica... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
399 | Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open LDP.
2. From the menu, select Connection→Connect.
3. For Server, enter the name or IP address of a domain controller or domain that
contains the object.
4. For Port, enter 389.
5. Click OK.
6. From the menu, select Connection→Bind.
7. Accept the default and bind as the ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
400 | Discussion
The values of some attributes in Active Directory are linked. For example, if you set the
manager attribute on one user object to be the DN of a second user object, the re
ports attribute on the second user object will automatically contain the first user
object’s DN. In this example, the manager attribute, ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
401 | > dsquery * cn=schema,cn=configuration,<ForestRootDN> -limit 0 -scope onelevel↵
-filter "(objectcategory=classSchema)" -attr lDAPDisplayName objectclasscategory
AdFind requires the following syntax:
> adfind -schema -f "(objectcategory=classSchema)" lDAPDisplayName↵
objectClassCategory
Using PowerShell
You can obtain ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
402 | 10.17. Finding the Mandatory and Optional
Attributes of a Class
Problem
You want to view the mandatory and optional attributes of a class.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the Active Directory Schema snap-in.
2. In the left pane, expand Active Directory Schema and then click on the Classes
folder.
3. I... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
403 | The mayContain and systemMayContain attributes define the optional attributes for a
class, while the mustContain and systemMustContain attributes contain the mandatory
attributes. The systemMayContain and systemMustContain attributes are set by Active
Directory itself and cannot be modified. You can only populate the m... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
404 | Discussion
Whenever a new object is created in Active Directory, if a security descriptor is not
specified in the object creation, a default security descriptor (SD) is applied to it. Then
any inherited security from its parent container is applied. The default security de‐
scriptor is stored in the defaultSecurityDesc... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
405 | Solution
Using a command-line interface
admod -schema -rb cn=<AttrName> searchFlags::128
Using PowerShell
To set the searchFlags bit value by using PowerShell, use the following syntax:
Set-ADObject "cn=<AttrName>,cn=schema,cn=configuration,dc=<ForestRootDN>"↵
-Replace @{"searchFlags"="128"}
Discussion
The confidentia... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
406 | 10.20. Adding an Attribute to the Read-Only Filtered
Attribute Set (RO-FAS)
Problem
You want to add an attribute to the RO-FAS to prevent it from being replicated to any
Read-Only Domain Controllers (RODCs) in your environment.
Solution
Using a command-line interface
admod -schema -rb cn=<AttrName> searchFlags::512
Usi... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
407 | See Also
Recipe 10.19 for more on managing confidential data in Active Directory
10.21. Deactivating Classes and Attributes
Problem
You want to deactivate a class or attribute in the schema because you no longer need it.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the Active Directory Schema snap-in.
2. In the le... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
408 | Discussion
The GUI solution requires that the .dll file for the Active Directory Schema snap-in has
been registered. See Recipe 10.1 for more information.
There is no supported way to delete classes or attributes defined in the schema. You can,
however, deactivate them, also known as making them defunct. Before you dea... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
409 | See Also
Recipe 10.21 for more on deactivating classes and attributes
10.23. Reloading the Schema Cache
Problem
You want to reload the schema cache so that schema extensions will take effect imme‐
diately.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the Active Directory Schema snap-in.
2. In the left pane, right-... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
410 | schema on the Schema FSMO role owner, the change is written to the schema cache
and is not committed to disk yet. The schema automatically commits any changes to
the schema every five minutes if a change has taken place, but you can also do it man‐
ually/programmatically by writing to the schemaUpdateNow operational at... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
411 | 10.24. Managing the Schema Master FSMO
Problem
You want to view, transfer, or seize the Schema Master FSMO for your Active Directory
forest.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
To view the current Schema Master FSMO role holder, do the following:
1. Open the Active Directory Schema snap-in.
2. Right-click on Acti... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
412 | Using PowerShell
To move the Schema Master to another DC by using PowerShell, use the following
syntax:
Move-ADDirectoryServerOperationMasterRole -Identity <NewRoleOwner>↵
-OperationMasterRole schemaMaster
Discussion
The GUI solution requires that the .dll file for the Active Directory Schema be registered.
See Recipe... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
413 | null | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
414 | CHAPTER 11
Site Topology
11.0. Introduction
Active Directory needs information about the underlying network to determine how
domain controllers should replicate and what domain controller(s) are optimal for a
given client to authenticate with. This network information is often referred to as the
site or replication top... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
415 | The Servers container contains a server object for each domain controller that is a
member of the site, along with any other servers that need to be represented in the site
topology (e.g., DFS servers). Figure 11-1 shows a site topology hierarchy.
Figure 11-1. Site topology hierarchy
A server object can contain an NTDS... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
416 | Table 11-1. Attributes of site objects
Attribute Description
cn RDN of the object. This is the name of the site (e.g., Raleigh).
gpLink Contains a prioritized list of GPOs that are linked to the site.
siteObjectBL Multivalued attribute that contains a list of distinguished names for each subnet that is associated with ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
417 | Table 11-5. Attributes of server objects
Attribute Description
bridgeheadTransportList Multivalued attribute that contains the list of transports (e.g., IP or
SMTP) for which the server is a preferred bridgehead server.
cn RDN of the object. This is set to the hostname of the associated
server.
dNSHostName Fully qualif... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
418 | Table 11-7. Attributes of nTDSConnection objects
Attribute Description
cn RDN of the object. For KCC-generated connections, this is a GUID.
enabledConnection Boolean that indicates whether the connection is available to be used.
fromServer Distinguished name of the NTDS Settings object of the domain controller this con... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
419 | dn: cn=NTDS Site Settings,cn=<SiteName>,cn=sites,cn=configuration,<ForestRootDN>
changetype: add
objectclass: nTDSSiteSettings
dn: cn=Servers,cn=<SiteName>,cn=sites,cn=configuration,<ForestRootDN>
changetype: add
objectclass: serversContainer
Then run the following command:
> ldifde -v -i -f create_site.ldf
You also ca... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
420 | See Also
Recipe 11.11; Recipe 11.14
11.2. Listing Sites in a Domain
Problem
You want to obtain the list of sites in a domain.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the Active Directory Sites and Services snap-in (dssite.msc).
2. Click on the Sites container.
The list of sites will be displayed in the right ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
421 | 11.3. Renaming a Site
Problem
You want to rename a site.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the Active Directory Sites and Services snap-in (dssite.msc).
2. Click on the Sites container.
3. In the right pane, right-click the site you want to rename and select Rename.
4. Enter the new name of the site and... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
422 | 11.4. Deleting a Site
Problem
You want to delete a site.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the Active Directory Sites and Services snap-in (dssite.msc).
2. Click on the Sites container.
3. In the right pane, right-click the site you want to delete and select Delete.
4. Click Yes twice.
Using a command-l... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
423 | 11.5. Delegating Control of a Site
Problem
You want to delegate permission of an AD site to allow it to be administered by another
user or group.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
The following example will delegate administration of the managedBy attribute of a site:
1. Open the Active Directory Sites and Serv... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
424 | Discussion
Using a graphical user interface
You can delegate control over a site via the Delegation of Control Wizard or by using
dsacls at the command line. The Delegation of Control Wizard allows you to delegate
one preconfigured task—managing Group Policy links—or create a custom task to del‐
egate. When delegating ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
425 | site you want to enable, and <ForestRootDN> to the distinguished name of the forest
root domain:
dn: cn=NTDS Site Settings,cn=<SiteName>,cn=sites,cn=configuration,<ForestRootDN>
changetype: modify
replace: options
options: 32
-
Then use the following command to import the change:
> ldifde -i -f enable_univ_cache.ldf
Yo... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
426 | You can enable universal group caching manually by enabling bit 5 (32 in decimal) on
the options attribute of the NTDS Site Settings object. The ldifde solution blindly
writes a value of 32 to that attribute, which is not ideal since it will overwrite any existing
values that may already be in place.
See Also
Recipe 4.... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
427 | Using PowerShell
You can create a subnet object and associate it with an existing site by using PowerShell.
The following command creates a new subnet for 10.1.1.0/24 and associates the subnet
to the Dallas site:
New-ADReplicationSubnet -Name 10.1.1.0/24 -Site Dallas
Discussion
Subnet objects reside in the Subnets cont... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
428 | To display the properties of a particular subnet with AdFind, use this syntax:
> adfind -subnets -rb "cn=<Subnet>"
Using PowerShell
To list all of the subnets with PowerShell, use the following command:
Get-ADReplicationSubnet -Filter * | Select Name
To get all of the properties of a specific subnet, use the following ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
429 | Event Type: Warning
Event Source: NETLOGON
Event Category: None
Event ID: 5807
Date: 12/11/2012
Time: 4:42:20 AM
User: N/A
Computer: DC1
Description:
During the past 4.18 hours there have been 48 connections to this Domain
Controller from client machines whose IP addresses don't map to any of the
existing sites in th... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
430 | exists). Then, once a week (or another desired length of time), you could look at the
sites that were created or that were associated with the default site and determine what
site they should actually be associated with.
Using PowerShell
You can get a list of all 5807 events from the System event log on the local compu... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
431 | To remove a subnet using AdMod, use this syntax:
> admod -b cn=<SubnetName>,cn=subnets,cn=sites,cn=configuration,<ForestRootDN>↵
-del
Using PowerShell
To delete a site without a confirmation prompt, use the following syntax:
Remove-ADReplicationSubnet <SubnetName> -Confirm:$False
Discussion
Before removing a subnet, y... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
432 | For <SubnetName>, use the format “192.168.1.0/24”, for example.
Using PowerShell
Set-ADReplicationSubnet -Identity <SubnetName> -Site <SiteName>
Discussion
Since the site topology that you create in Active Directory is meant to map to your
physical network topology, an Active Directory subnet object can be associated w... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
433 | 7. Click OK.
Using a command-line interface
The following LDIF would create a site link connecting the SJC and Dallas sites:
dn: cn=Dallas-SJC,cn=IP,cn=inter-site
transports,cn=sites,cn=configuration,<ForestRootDN>
changetype: add
objectclass: siteLink
siteList: cn=SJC,cn=sites,cn=configuration,<ForestRootDN>
siteList:... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
434 | See Also
“Active Directory Replication Concepts”; New-ADReplicationSiteLink cmdlet refer‐
ence
11.13. Finding the Site Links for a Site
Problem
You want to list the site links that are associated with a site.
Solution
Using a command-line interface
You can list the site links associated with a particular site using DSQ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
435 | 11.14. Modifying the Sites That Are Part of a Site Link
Problem
You want to modify the sites associated with a site link.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the Active Directory Sites and Services snap-in (dssite.msc).
2. In the left pane, expand Sites→Inter-Site Transports.
3. Click either the IP or SMT... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
436 | To remove one or more sites from a site link by using PowerShell, use the following
syntax:
Set-ADReplicationSiteLink "<SiteLinkName>"↵
-SitesIncluded @{Remove="<SiteName1>","<SiteName2>"}
Discussion
To associate a site with a site link, add the DN of the site to the siteList attribute of
the siteLink object that repr... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
437 | replace: cost
cost: <LinkCost>
-
Then run the following command:
> ldifde -v -i -f modify_site_link_cost.ldf
You can also modify the cost of a site link using AdMod, as follows:
> admod -b "cn=<LinkName>,cn=IP,cn=inter-site transports,cn=sites,↵
cn=configuration,<ForestRootDN>" cost::<LinkCost>
Using PowerShell
You can... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
438 | 3. Click either the IP or SMTP folder, depending on where the site link is stored.
4. In the right pane, double-click on the link you want to modify.
5. On the Attribute Editor tab, scroll to the options attribute and then click Edit.
6. Enter a 1 to enable change notification and then click OK.
7. Click OK to close th... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
439 | 3. Click either the IP or SMTP folder, depending on where the site link is stored.
4. In the right pane, double-click on the link you want to modify.
5. On the General tab, click Change Schedule.
6. Select the times and days of the week that you wish to allow or disallow replication,
and select the Replication Availabl... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
440 | from being initiated during a two-hour time period at the end of every day while its
branch offices are transmitting daily report information.
Using PowerShell
The SetSchedule method is used, which allows each day of the week to have a different
schedule, if desired. This is handy when, for example, replication is avai... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
441 | Discussion
Active Directory site links, by default, are transitive, which means that if site A is linked
to site B, and site B is linked to site C, then site A is also linked (through site B) to site
C. The KCC uses transitivity when making decisions about creating connection objects.
You can, however, disable this beh... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
442 | Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the Active Directory Sites and Services snap-in (dssite.msc).
2. In the left pane, expand Sites→Inter-Site Transports.
3. Right-click either the IP or SMTP folder, depending on which protocol you want
to create a site link bridge for.
4. Select New Site Link Bridge.
5. ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
443 | Discussion
If you’ve disabled site link transitivity or have networks that lack direct routes between
sites, you should create site link bridges. Creating a site link bridge to link several links
is analogous to creating a site link to link several sites. Let’s take an example where site
link transitivity is disabled a... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
444 | Get-ADObject -Filter {objectClass -eq "server"} -SearchBase↵
"cn=<SiteName>,cn=sites,cn=configuration,<ForestRootDN>"↵
-SearchScope subtree -Properties * |↵
Where {$_.bridgeheadTransportList -ne $NULL} |↵
Select Name,bridgeheadTransportList
To search for all bridgehead servers across all sites in the domain, use th... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
445 | 5. Click the Add button.
6. Click OK.
Using a command-line interface
Create an LDIF file called set_bridgehead_server.ldf with the following contents:
dn: cn=<DCName>,cn=servers,cn=<SiteName>,cn=sites,cn=configuration,<ForestRootDN>
changetype: modify
add: bridgeheadTransportList
bridgeheadTransportList: cn=IP,cn=Inter... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
446 | See Also
“Active Directory Replication Concepts”
11.22. Listing the Servers
Problem
You want to list the server objects in the site topology.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the Active Directory Sites and Services snap-in (dssite.msc).
2. In the left pane, expand Sites and then expand the site where y... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
447 | Other types of services can also add server objects to the site topology. The way you
can distinguish which ones are domain controllers is the presence of an NTDS Settings
(nTDSDSA) object that is a child of the server object. Only domain controllers will have
that object.
11.23. Moving a Domain Controller to a Differe... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
448 | Using PowerShell
To move a domain controller to a different site by using PowerShell, use the following
syntax:
Move-ADObject -Identity "cn=<ServerName>,cn=servers,cn=<CurrentSite>,↵
cn=sites,cn=configuration,<ForestRootDN>" -TargetPath↵
"cn=servers,cn=<NewSite>,cn=sites,cn=configuration,<ForestRootDN>"
Discussion
Aft... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
449 | 7. Click OK and then close the Group Policy Management Editor.
Discussion
In an Active Directory environment, it is perfectly valid to have a site that does not
contain its own domain controller. In fact, if you model the site topology after your real
network, some sites will lack their own domain controllers unless yo... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
450 | 11.26. Disabling Automatic Site Coverage for a
Domain Controller
Problem
You want to prevent a domain controller from covering sites outside of the one in which
it resides.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Run regedit.exe from the command line or select Start→Run.
2. Expand HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Current... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
451 | 11.27. Finding the Site for a Client
Problem
You want to find which site a client computer is located in.
Solution
Using a command-line interface
In the following command, replace <HostName> with the name of the host you want to
find the site for:
> nltest /server:<HostName> /DsGetSite
You’ll use the /server: <HostName... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
452 | 11.28. Forcing a Host into a Particular Site
Problem
You want to force a host to be in a particular site.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Run regedit.exe.
2. Expand HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Netlo
gon\Parameters.
3. Right-click on Parameters and select New→String Value.
4. Enter ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
453 | See Also
Recipe 11.27 for finding the site for a client
11.29. Creating a connection Object
Problem
You want to create a connection object to manually set up replication between two
servers.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the Active Directory Sites and Services snap-in (dssite.msc).
2. In the left pa... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
454 | 11.30. Listing the connection Objects for a Server
Problem
You want to view the connection objects associated with a domain controller.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the Active Directory Sites and Services snap-in (dssite.msc).
2. In the left pane, expand Sites, expand the site that contains the con... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
455 | Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the Active Directory Sites and Services snap-in (dssite.msc).
2. Click on the site you are interested in.
3. In the right pane, double-click on the NTDS Site Settings object.
The ISTG will be displayed under Inter-Site Topology Generator if one is present.
Using a comma... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
456 | 11.32. Transferring the ISTG to Another Server
Problem
You want to move the ISTG for a site to another domain controller. This happens au‐
tomatically if you take the current ISTG offline, but you may want to transfer the role
to a server that is more optimal in your environment.
Solution
Using a graphical user interfa... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
457 | domain controller’s NTDS Settings object to the interSiteTopologyGenerator at‐
tribute of the NTDS Site Settings object for the site.
Two Registry settings govern the ISTG registration process, both of which are stored
under the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\NTDS\Pa
rameters key. The interval (in... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
458 | Discussion
The KCC runs every 15 minutes by default on all domain controllers to generate the
intra-site topology connections. The KCC that runs on the server that is selected as the
ISTG generates inter-site topology connections to other sites from the bridgehead
servers in its site. In some situations—such as when yo... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
459 | Get-EventLog "Directory Service" | Where-Object {$_.Source -eq "NTDS KCC" } | FL
Discussion
The main way to debug issues with the KCC is by looking for NTDS KCC events in the
Directory Service event log. If you suspect a problem or perhaps are seeing errors, you
can increase the amount of logging in the event log by en... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
460 | You can also perform this change using a combination of AdFind and AdMod, as
follows:
> adfind -b "cn=NTDS Site Settings,cn=<SiteName>,cn=Sites,cn=configuration, ↵
;<ForestRootDN>" options -adcsv | admod options::{{.:SET:<OptionsValue>}}
The ldifde solution simply overwrites the value of the options attribute
without c... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
461 | See Also
Recipe 4.15 for more on setting bit flags; Recipe 11.29 for creating a connection object
manually
11.36. Changing the Interval at Which the KCC Runs
Problem
You want to change the interval at which the KCC runs.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Run regedit.exe.
2. Expand HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\C... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
462 | this delay by creating a REG_DWORD value called Repl topology update delay
(secs) under the HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\NTDS\Parameters\ key.
The data for the value should be the number of seconds to wait after startup before the
KCC starts. The default is 300, which is five minutes.
See Also
MS KB 271988 (R... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
463 | null | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
464 | CHAPTER 12
Replication
12.0. Introduction
Replication is one of the most important and perhaps complex components of Active
Directory. The infrastructure behind Active Directory replication, including the site
topology, connection objects, and the KCC, was covered in Chapter 11. This chapter
focuses strictly on some of... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
465 | Using PowerShell
By running the following command you can compare the up-to-dateness vector on a
domain controller named DC1 and a domain controller named DC2:
Get-ADReplicationUpToDatenessVectorTable -Target DC1,DC2
Discussion
To determine whether two or more DCs are in sync from a replication standpoint, you
need to ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
466 | Source DC largest delta fails/total %% error
DC1 15m:22s 0 / 3 0
DC2 :12s 0 / 3 0
Destination DC largest delta fails/total %% error
DC1 :05s 0 / 3 0
DC2 15m:22s 0 / 3 0
You can also use * as a wildcard character to view the status of a subset of domain
controllers. The following command will display the replication... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
467 | Solution
Using a command-line interface
Run the following commands to find the differences between two domain controllers.
Use the /statistics option to view a summary of the changes.
> repadmin /showchanges <DC1Name> <NamingContextDN>
> repadmin /showchanges <DC2Name> <NamingContextDN>
Discussion
The solution shows ho... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
468 | Using a command-line interface
The following command will perform a replication sync from <DC2Name> to <DC1Name>
of the naming context specified by <NamingContextDN>:
> repadmin /replicate <DC1Name> <DC2Name> <NamingContextDN>
Using PowerShell
$strDCname = <DomainDNSName>
$context = New-Object↵
System.DirectoryServices... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
469 | 12.5. Enabling and Disabling Replication
Problem
You want to enable or disable inbound or outbound replication on a domain controller.
Solution
Using a command-line interface
To disable outbound replication on a domain controller, use the following syntax:
> repadmin /options <DC Name> +DISABLE_OUTBOUND_REPL
To reenabl... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
470 | 12.6. Changing the Intra-Site Replication
Notification Interval
Problem
You want to change the number of seconds that a domain controller in a site waits before
sending replication partner notification within the site.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open ADSI Edit.
2. If an entry for the Configuration nam... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
471 | admod -b cn=<DomainPartition>,cn=Partitions,cn=Configuration,<ForestRootDN>↵
msDS-Replication-Notification-First-DSA-Delay::<FirstDelayInSeconds>↵
msDS-Replication-Notify-Subsequent-DSA-Delay::<NextDelayInSeconds>
Using PowerShell
The following commands are examples that modify the intra-site replication parameters
t... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
472 | 2. Expand the Inter-Site Transport container.
3. Click on the IP container.
4. In the right pane, double-click on the site link you want to modify the replication
interval for.
5. Enter the new interval beside “Replicate every”.
6. Click OK.
Using a command-line interface
To change the replication interval, create an L... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
473 | naming context, only the Schema and Configuration NCs as well as global catalog
information.
See Also
Set-ADReplicationSiteLink cmdlet reference
12.8. Disabling Inter-Site Compression of
Replication Traffic
Problem
You want to disable inter-site compression of replication traffic.
Solution
You need to modify the option... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
474 | Set-ADObject "cn=IP,cn=Inter-Site Transports,cn=Sites,cn=Configuration,↵
dc=adatum,dc=com" -Replace @{"options"="4"}
Discussion
By default, data replicated inter-site is usually compressed. By contrast, intra-site rep‐
lication traffic is not compressed. It is useful to compress inter-site traffic if the traffic
is goi... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
475 | See Also
Recipe 12.2 for viewing the replication status of several domain controllers
12.10. Enabling Enhanced Logging of Replication Events
Problem
You want to enable enhanced logging of replication events.
Solution
Enable diagnostics logging for five replication events.
Discussion
See Recipe 15.1 for more information... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
476 | 5. Click OK.
Using a command-line interface
To enable strict consistency, run the following command:
> reg add HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\NTDS\Parameters /v "Strict↵
Replication Consistency" /t REG_DWORD /d 1
To enable loose consistency, run the following command:
> reg add HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Ser... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
477 | See Also
“Lingering Objects Prevent Active Directory Replication from Occurring”; “Lingering
objects may remain after you bring an out-of-date global catalog server back online”
12.12. Finding conflict Objects
Problem
You want to find conflict objects that are a result of replication collisions.
Solution
Using a graphi... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
478 | Discussion
Any distributed multimaster system has to deal with replication collisions, and Active
Directory is no different. A collision can occur if an object is created on one domain
controller and before that object has time to replicate out, an object with at least the
same name is created on a different domain con... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
479 | Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the Active Directory Administrative Center.
2. Double-click the domain name in the left pane.
3. Double-click the LostAndFound container in the middle pane.
You will see a list of any orphaned objects in the middle pane.
Using a command-line interface
You can query for ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
480 | 12.14. Listing the Replication Partners for a DC
Problem
You want to find the replication partners for a particular DC.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the Active Directory Sites and Services snap-in (dssite.msc).
2. Browse to Sites→<SiteName>→Servers→<DCName>→NTDS Settings.
3. The replication partner... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
481 | objects manually, but these objects will not be kept up-to-date by the KCC in the event
that a remote DC is relocated or taken offline.
See Also
Get-ADReplicationConnection cmdlet reference; “Identify Replication Partners”
12.15. Viewing Object Metadata
Problem
You want to view metadata for an object. The object’s repl... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
482 | Using PowerShell
Get-ADReplicationAttributeMetadata -Object "<ObjectDN>" -Server "<DCName>"
Discussion
Object metadata can be an invaluable source of information when you need to trou‐
bleshoot replication problems or find out the last time an attribute was set for a particular
object. In fact, a quick way to determine... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
483 | </uuidLastOriginatingDsaInvocationID>
<usnOriginatingChange>1056930</usnOriginatingChange>
<usnLocalChange>1056930</usnLocalChange>
<pszLastOriginatingDsaDN>cn=NTDS Settings,cn=dc1,cn=Servers,cn=Def
ault-First-Site-Name,cn=Sites,cn=Configuration,dc=adatum,dc=com</pszLastO
riginatingDsaDN>
</DS_REPL_ATTR_META_DATA>
>... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
484 | <uuidLastOriginatingDsaInvocationID>c0e0fe92-685b-4e0e-863b-7067745d31f7
</uuidLastOriginatingDsaInvocationID>
<usnOriginatingChange>8196</usnOriginatingChange>
<usnLocalChange>8196</usnLocalChange>
<pszLastOriginatingDsaDN></pszLastOriginatingDsaDN>
</DS_REPL_ATTR_META_DATA>
1 Objects returned
See Also
Get-ADRepli... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
485 | null | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
486 | CHAPTER 13
DNS and DHCP
13.0. Introduction
Active Directory is tightly coupled with the Domain Name System (DNS) name reso‐
lution service. Windows clients and domain controllers alike use DNS to locate domain
controllers that are housed in a particular site or that serve a particular function (such
as a global catalog... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
487 | The Anatomy of a DNS Object
The only time DNS data is stored in Active Directory is if you have a zone that is AD
integrated. When using standard primary and secondary zones that are not AD inte‐
grated, the DNS data is stored locally in the filesystem of each DNS server in zone files.
If you have an AD integrated zone... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
488 | Table 13-2. Attributes of dnsNode objects
Attribute Description
dc Relative distinguished name of the node.
dnsRecord Binary-formatted multivalued attribute that stores the resource records associated with the node.
dnsTombstoned Boolean that indicates whether the node is marked for deletion. FALSE means that it is not... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
489 | Using PowerShell
The following PowerShell code will create an Active Directory−integrated forward
lookup zone:
Add-DnsServerPrimaryZone -Name "<ZoneName>" -ReplicationScope "Domain"↵
-DynamicUpdate "Secure"
Discussion
Using a command-line interface
When you create an AD integrated zone with the /DsPrimary switch, you ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
490 | 3. Expand the server in the left pane and click on Reverse Lookup Zones.
4. Right-click on Reverse Lookup Zones and select New Zone.
5. Click Next.
6. Select the zone type (Primary, Secondary, or Stub zone). To AD integrate the zone,
place a checkmark next to “Store the zone in Active Directory (available only if DNS
s... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
491 | 13.3. Viewing a Server’s Zones
Problem
You want to view the zones on a server.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the DNS Management snap-in (dnsmgmt.msc).
2. Right-click on DNS in the left pane and select Connect to DNS Server.
3. Enter the server you want to connect to and click Enter.
4. In the left p... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
492 | /Forwarder
Lists all zones that forward unresolvable queries to another DNS server
/Stub
Lists all stub zones hosted on a server
/Cache
Lists zones that are loaded into cache on the server
/Auto-Created
Lists zones that were created automatically during the DNS server installation
/Forward
Lists all forward lookup zone... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
493 | 13.4. Converting a Zone to an AD Integrated Zone
Problem
You want to convert a standard primary zone to an AD integrated zone. This causes the
contents of the zone to be stored and replicated in Active Directory instead of in a text
file on the local server.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the DNS Man... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
494 | 13.5. Moving AD Integrated Zones into an
Application Partition
Problem
You want to move AD integrated zones into an application partition.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the DNS Management snap-in (dnsmgmt.msc).
2. If an entry for the DNS server you want to connect to does not exist, right-click on
D... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
495 | See Also
Chapter 17 for more information on application partitions
13.6. Configuring Zone Transfers
Problem
You want to enable zone transfers to specific secondary name servers.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the DNS Management snap-in (dnsmgmt.msc).
2. In the left pane, expand the server node and ex... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
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