Upload Aiko's Lugbara Dictionary (since 2016).txt

Aiko's Lugbara Dictionary (since 2016).txt

@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ Lost in Translation (Dreamcast)
 
 
 Introduction:
-Created painstakingly from scratch with gritty nerves on the 3rd Agofe's 90th birthday afternoon (Saturday 26th November 2016) and reinforced every year, Aiko's Lugbara Dictionary is where the Old and New meet (like Synthetic Imagination). It's a Lugbara Language Museum for historical research: Use Ctrl + F (key combination) or add this dictionary as a file to an AI chatbot to swiftly find any words you want! I'm only human and apologise in advance for any mistakes: I've cleaned so many by the way, therefore corrections and suggestions are always welcome via WhatsApp: +256-781-345712 or Email: aikoug@gmail.com! I ask the Holy Spirit to guide me in the name of JESUS (like the Tower of Babel language creation by YHWH narrated in Genesis 11 and Galileans filled with the Holy Spirit at Pentecost amazingly speaking other languages in Acts 2:1-13)! Every knee shall bow and every tongue confess that: JESUS Christ is Lord [YESU Kristo ni Opi] (Philippians 2:10-11)!
+Created painstakingly from scratch with gritty nerves on the 3rd Agofe's 90th birthday afternoon (Saturday 26th November 2016) after a South Sudanese Madi in Tennessee, USA (named Suzy) asked me via Facebook to teach her Luganda (so that she could understand her favourite Ugandan musicians eg Jackie Chandiru and Mowzey Radio), but dismissively wanted more than just the basic words I started the lessons with. While checking out a Luganda Dictionary at www.archive.org, I literally snapped because of what I had noticed about self-learning versus waiting for the teacher to teach during my school career. Reinforced every year, Aiko's Lugbara Dictionary is where the Old and New meet (like Synthetic Imagination). It's a Lugbara Language Museum for historical, scientific and cultural research: Use Ctrl + F (key combination) or add this one-page electronic dictionary as a file to an AI chatbot to swiftly find any words you want! I'm only human and apologise in advance for any mistakes: I've cleaned so many errors by the way, therefore corrections and suggestions are always welcome through WhatsApp: +256-781-345712 or Email: aikoug@gmail.com! I ask the Holy Spirit to guide me in the name of JESUS (like the Tower of Babel language multiplication by YHWH in Genesis 11 and Galileans filled with the Holy Spirit at Pentecost amazingly speaking other languages in Acts 2:1-13)! Every knee shall bow and every tongue confess that: JESUS Christ is Lord [YESU Kristo ni Opi] (Philippians 2:10-11)!
 
 
 Pronunciation Parameters:
-In Lugbara phonology, every Lugbara word ends with one of the five vowels eg nyanya = tomato; mucele = rice; karoti = carrot; ovakedo = avocado; osu = bean. Letters Q [Kya] and X [Eksa, Alamakanda in Aringa dialect] are not used (meaning only 24 can do on a keyboard), but four unique ones with an apostrophe are added: 'B, 'D, 'W and 'Y (which all sound like putting H after them though personal names omit the apostrophe). The 28 letters in the Simplified Lugbara Alphabet sound like this: Ah, Ba, Bha, Cha, Da, Dha, Eh, Fa, Ga, Ha, Ii (as in India), Ja, Ka, La, Ma, Na, Oh, Pa, Ra, Sa, Ta, Uw (as in groUnd), Va, Wa, Wha, Ya, Yha, Za. Since nursery in Jinja (Busoga), I was confusingly taught to recite English vowels separately in a different acoustic compared to the vowels in the ABC to Zed rhyme, but later realised that the former sequence was exactly how Lugbara vowels sound. The original Vocabulary was small because some words have multiple meanings based on three major tones (to five including rising and falling), pronunciation or context eg ai can mean salt (high tone); accept, pray (mid tone); ask (low tone) while ti can mean cow; to drip; mouth, language; to produce and so on. However, new words keep being added to the existing language eg simu = phone; etc. Most nouns can denote both singular and plural (though adding yi after them also does); exceptions include mva [child] which becomes anzi [children]; etc while others are pronounced differently eg agu, agupi, etc. Adding suffixes -jo, -ko, -ru, -si and -yo to nouns creates new words; verbs also have -ku, -ma, -nga, -ta, -za and -zu. Adjectives follow the Subject eg buku eka = red book. In the entries ahead, semi-colon (;) shows different tones and meanings while goal brackets [ ] show translation. Lugbara sentences in past tense are structured using the Subject-Verb-Object arrangement like in English, but present continuous and future tenses follow S-O-V and ni [is] or nga [will, shall] may be added after the Subject to mark the difference eg YESU nga 'ba onzi pa [JESUS will save sinners]. When words are written together, the intended meanings may not change; so be very keen to spot the mashups eg Amanga votiyi 'be minira = Ama nga voti yi 'be mini ra [We will cast votes for you surely]...
+In Lugbara phonology, every Lugbara word ends with one of the five vowels eg nyanya = tomato; mucele = rice; karoti = carrot; ovakedo = avocado; osu = bean. Letters Q [Kya] and X [Eksa, Alamakanda in Aringa dialect] are not used (meaning only 24 can do on a keyboard), but four unique ones with an apostrophe are added: 'B, 'D, 'W and 'Y (which all sound like putting H after them though personal names omit the apostrophe). The 28 letters in the Simplified Lugbara Alphabet sound like this: Ah, Ba, Bha, Cha, Da, Dha, Eh, Fa, Ga, Ha, Ii (as in India), Ja, Ka, La, Ma, Na, Oh, Pa, Ra, Sa, Ta, Uw (as in groUnd), Va, Wa, Wha, Ya, Yha, Za. Since nursery in Jinja (Busoga), I was confusingly taught to recite English vowels separately in a different acoustic compared to the vowels in the ABC to Z(ed) rhyme, but later realised that the former sequence was exactly how Lugbara vowels sound. The original Vocabulary was small because some words have multiple meanings based on three major tones (to five including rising and falling), pronunciation or context eg ai can mean salt (high tone); accept, pray (mid tone); ask (low tone) while ti can mean cow; to drip; mouth, language; to produce and so on. However, new words keep being added to the existing language eg simu = phone; etc. Most nouns can denote both singular and plural (though adding yi after them also does); exceptions include mva [child] which becomes anzi [children]; etc while others are pronounced differently eg agu, agupi, etc. Adding suffixes -jo, -ko, -ru, -si and -yo to nouns creates new words; verbs also have -ku, -ma, -nga, -ta, -za and -zu. Adjectives follow the Subject eg buku eka = red book. In the entries ahead, semi-colon (;) shows different tones and meanings while goal brackets [ ] show translation. Lugbara sentences in past tense are structured using the Subject-Verb-Object arrangement like in English, but present continuous and future tenses follow S-O-V and ni [is] or nga [will, shall] may be added after the Subject to mark the difference eg YESU nga 'ba onzi pa [JESUS will save sinners]. When words are written together, the intended meanings may not change; so be very keen to spot the mashups eg Amanga votiyi 'be minira = Ama nga voti yi 'be mini ra [We will cast votes for you surely]...
 
-Some words are borrowed or modified from English plus other languages like Swahili, Luganda, Lingala, etc. Lugbara words are written the same way they are pronounced; repeated letters especially consonants look ambiguously redundant eg Vurra, Oluffe, Ofudde, Owaffa, Mekki, etc unless very special and meaningful (What you see is what you hear [WYSIWYH])! Diphthong clusters and other noteworthy phonetics include the following:
+Some words are borrowed or modified from English plus other languages like Swahili, Luganda, Lingala, etc. Lugbara words are written the same way they are pronounced; repeated letters especially consonants look ambiguously redundant and can be reformed eg Vurra, Oluffe, Ofudde, Owaffa, Mekki, etc unless very special and meaningful (What you see is what you hear [WYSIWYH])! Diphthong clusters and other noteworthy phonetics include the following:
 
 a as in rat, for example leta-a
 
@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ mv (letter M becomes N) as in conversation, for example omve (pronounced onve)
 
 oa as in soar, for example Boroa
 
-oo (preferably single O) as in hold, for example ocoo (also oco), not oo as in mood
+oo (preferably single O) as in hold, for example ocoo (also oco); not oo as in food
 
-u as in food, for example o'du
+u as in moon, for example o'du
 
 uu (preferably single U) as in chew, for example cuu (pronounced chu)
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ a a (adj) not true, not at all, no (also yo); (prep) across
 
 aa (v) stay, reside (also oa) eg Toro Suru ma Omukama ni aa Foti Poto-a. = Toro Kingdom's King stays in Fort Portal.
 
-aba (adj) many, (v) stray
+aba (adj) many, abundant, (v) stray
 
 ababa (n) madness, craziness
 
@@ -1180,11 +1180,11 @@ ayikayi (n) small white insect that moves on the body like a flea
 
 ayiko (n) happiness, happyness, happy-iness (Where I come from, happy-iness is spelt with letter Y), the Y Corner, joy(fulness), celebration, partying, cloud nine, contentment, cheer(fulness), felicity, blessedness, beautitude, tranquility, good fortune, bliss, gladness, good life, rejoicing, well adapted state, condition of supreme wellbeing, good high spirits, eerieness, uplifted spirits, pleasure, delight, welfare, fair weather, good times, satisfaction, enthusiasm, prosperity, progress, prudence, ecstasy, enjoyment, exuberance, elation, jubilation, euphoria, gaiety, merriment, radiance, light-heartedness, joviality, jocundity, eudemonics, belonging, ataraxia (freedom from emotional disturbance), alegria, furaha, xingfu, Glueck, shiawase, (e)sanyu, bonheur (good humour), felicidad, injabulo, o butseme/ ebitsange, iykke, sukha, stesti, onnellisuus/ onni, saeada, sonas, felicita, beatitudinem, fahasambarana, az jargal, schast'ye, thabo, farxad, kabungahan, khwam sukh, mutluluk, su hanh phuc, hapusrwydd, idunu, glik eg Ayiko ni ma fu! = Happiness is killing me/ I'm happy!
 
-Ayiko (n) male-given name, direct opposite of C[h]andi), place in the south of Maracha eg Ayiko ni Osubo ma mvi. = Ayiko is Osubo's son.
+Ayiko (n) male-given name, direct opposite of C[h]andi), cell in Pajulu, place south of Maracha eg Ayiko ni Osubo ma mvi. = Ayiko is Osubo's son.
 
 Ayikobua (n) male-given name meaning "Happiness is in Heaven (up or in the grave)"
 
-ayikoru (adj) happy eg E ka aa ayikoru azini i ni ci, i sa mi dri! = If you're happy and you know it, clap your hands!
+ayikoru (adj) happy eg E ka aa ayikoru azini ini ci, isa mi dri! = If you're happy and you know it, clap your hands!
 
 Ayikoru (n) female-given name (direct opposite of C[h]andiru)
 
@@ -1202,7 +1202,9 @@ ayisiru (adj) frozen
 
 Ayivu (n) Lugbara clan, territory in which colonialists set up Arua Town, county north of the Municipality in Arua District
 
-ayota (n) rule, regulation, policy, terms, conditions (also azita) eg Ayota azini azita ma vuti ni nga ovu obizaru/ Ayota azini azita nga pa so eyi ma pari-a/ Ayota azini azita ma so pa eyi ma pari-a! = Terms and conditions will be followed/ Terms and conditions will stand in their place/ Terms and conditions should stand in their place (Terms and conditions apply/ T & C apply)! (fig.)
+ayota (n) rule, regulation, policy, terms, conditions (also azita, ayotanga in Aringa) eg Ayota azini azita ma vuti ni nga ovu obizaru/ Ayota azini azita nga pa so eyi ma pari-a/ Ayota azini azita ma so pa eyi ma pari-a! = Terms and conditions will be followed/ Terms and conditions will stand in their place/ Terms and conditions should stand in their place (Terms and conditions apply/ T & C apply)! (fig.)
+
+ayota 'duza dria (n) mob action, mob justice
 
 ayu (v) loosen, untie; use; (n) yam (also gurunya, likinya) eg 'Ba nya sende ku, 'ba ayu ayu! = People do not eat money, people use it!
 
@@ -1238,7 +1240,7 @@ Azi mi ava amboru si! (phr) I greet you with huge interest!/ You are most welcom
 
 azi ngaza tualu (n) collaboration (also ongo ngoza tualu), development cooperation/ zusammenarbeit
 
-azia (adv) (n) six (shouldn't be confused with azi-a meaning "at work") eg Tomu Bredi nde Supa Bowulu azia desi oja-i "Buccaneers"-a ku. = Tom Brady won six Super Bowls before changing to Buccaneers.
+azia (adv) (n) six (shouldn't be confused with azi-a meaning "at work") eg Tomu Bredi nde Supa Bowulu azia desi oja-i Bukaneyazi-a ku. = Tom Brady won six Super Bowls before changing to Buccaneers.
 
 azibe (adj) useful, has work, busy eg Kokasi ni azibe. = Kokas is busy.
 
@@ -2010,9 +2012,9 @@ duruduru (adj) with mental inaptitude
 
 'disi (adv) with this eg Aki (Chinedu Ikedieze) azini "Pawpaw" (Osita Iheme) Ediofe-a sawa 'disi! = Aki (Chinedu Ikedieze) and Pawpaw (Osita Iheme) are in Ediofe right now!
 
-'do (adv) here (also 'dole)
+'do (adv) here (also 'dole); affirmative (also ro)
 
-'du (n) millet (also anya); (v) immerse slightly, take, pick eg with tongue (also 'doo), belch
+'du (n) millet (also anya); (v) immerse slightly, take, pick eg with tongue, belch
 
 
 Ee [shares many words with Ii]
@@ -2364,6 +2366,8 @@ Erua (n) name given by Kebu to Arua Hill
 
 Eruba (n) place near Odia Nyadri on the Nebbi Highway at the junction heading to Vurra, name given by Kebu during their migration meaning "Respect people, do not transgress"
 
+ese (n) grasshopper (also ise)
+
 esekele (n) midst eg ama esekele-a = in our midst
 
 esele (n) demarcation, border, difference, variant, variation, division in exam results eg Anzi 100 aga ki Esele 1 ma-a. = 100 children passed in Division 1.
@@ -2852,7 +2856,7 @@ icea (n) small calabash
 
 iceta (n) demonstration, example, specimen (also eceta)
 
-ici (adj) bad weather (during rainy season); (v) join, connect; deceive eg Sawa azirisi, orobi ni Edi ma dri ici ici. = Other times, dreams lie to Edi.
+ici (adj) bad weather (during rainy season); (v) join, connect, fasten together; deceive eg Sawa azirisi, orobi ni Edi ma dri ici ici. = Other times, dreams lie to Edi.
 
 icikici (n) cloudy day especially in rainy season
 
@@ -2890,7 +2894,7 @@ idro (n) rat
 
 idu (v) light fire; praise
 
-i'da (n) photo, picture, diagram, drawing; (v) show, appear, broadcast or screen on TV eg Sofi ni i'da gba. = Sophie is shooting a photo.
+i'da (n) photo, picture, diagram, drawing; (v) show, appear, broadcast or screen on TV eg Kirabo ni i'da gba. = Kirabo is shooting a photo.
 
 i'da ci (adj) visible (also i'da ce)
 
@@ -3082,7 +3086,7 @@ irizori (adj) the second one (also irizo, irizuri) eg Danielu Arapu Moi ni andra
 
 isaku (n) sieve, container with holes at the bottom for filtering local salt or aitipa from ash
 
-ise (n) grasshopper, symbol in Maracha; (v) pull (also ese) eg Ise Nyendo (Masaka)-a angiri. = Grasshoppers are plenty in Nyendo (Masaka).
+ise (n) grasshopper (also ese), symbol in Maracha; (v) pull (also ese) eg Ise Nyendo (Masaka)-a angiri. = Grasshoppers are plenty in Nyendo (Masaka).
 
 isekise (n) gum, glue
 
@@ -3646,7 +3650,7 @@ Kopira (n) origin of a Lugbara ancestor
 
 kopo (n) cup, trophy
 
-kopolo (n) padlock
+kopolo (n) padlock eg Tutu ici jotile kopolo si. = Tutu locked the door with a padlock.
 
 Korani (n) Koran, Quran eg Korani Alatararu/ Takatifu (in Kisweli) = Holy Quran
 
@@ -4036,7 +4040,7 @@ malaja (n) malice, bad heart (also asi onzi)
 
 malakwanga (n) type of greens popular among the Luo, malakwang
 
-malaya (n) prostitute (also oku ali o'bapi tu) eg Ohola ni malaya. = Oholah is a prostitute.
+malaya (n) prostitute (also oku ali o'bapi tu, awuo) eg Ohola ni malaya. = Oholah is a prostitute.
 
 mali (n) wealth, money, gold eg mali nyakua = land wealth, earthly riches eg Mansa Musa ma mali andra angiri eli 1300 (alifu alu turu na) yi si. = Mansa Musa's wealth was a lot sometime back in the 1300s.
 
@@ -4310,13 +4314,13 @@ Moyo (n) Madi town and district northeast of Arua, translated "heart" or "soul"
 
 mputa (n) Nile Perch, mputa in Luganda and Lusoga
 
-mu (v) go, hold closed in the palm eg Buruga mu Kololo-a. = Buruga went to Kololo.
+mu (v) go, hold closed in the palm eg Mukisa ma familia mu ki pati sa. = Mukisa's family went to plant trees.
 
 mucele (n) rice (also aria anya) eg "West Nile Super Rice" ni mucele kapi Westi Nailu-a ni. = West Nile Super Rice is rice that grows in West Nile.
 
 mucungua (n) orange (also ndima)
 
-mude (n) darkness (also ini) eg Emaa ni angu ne muke mude-a! = An owl sees clearly in darkness!
+mude (n) darkness (also ini) eg Ema ni angu ne muke mude-a! = An owl sees clearly in darkness!
 
 mudri (n) ten
 
@@ -4640,7 +4644,7 @@ nukuta akpaza (n) syllable
 
 nusu (n) coin, money, small amount
 
-nya (v) eat
+nya (v) eat eg Nandi nya enya ndi. = Nandi ate food peacefully.
 
 nyadri (n) grave
 
@@ -5166,7 +5170,7 @@ okule (n) transfeminine, like a woman eg Kaitilini Jena ni okule. = Caitlyn Jenn
 
 Okumbarindu (n) name meaning "A real wife is different"
 
-Okuvu (n) place in Maracha, means "from or with woman", Lugbara Church in Kinawataka - Mbuya started under a jambula tree in 1976 with eight members by Neria Olua, now St. Paul's Church of Uganda. Because of outreaches, other Lugbara churches emerged eg Beteli, Abiribani, Kagave, Namanve, Kajjansi, Namasuba, Buziga, Entebbe and St. Francis Chapel Makerere University (Over 24 COU points between Entebbe and Kakira by 2018)
+Okuvu (n) place in Maracha meaning "from or with woman", Lugbara Church in Kinawataka - Mbuya started under a jambula tree in 1976 with eight members by Neria Olua, now St. Paul's Church of Uganda. Because of outreaches, other Lugbara churches emerged eg Beteli, Abiribani, Kagave, Namanve, Kajjansi, Namasuba, Buziga, Entebbe and St. Francis Chapel Makerere University (Over 24 COU points between Entebbe and Kakira by 2018)
 
 okuza (n) gathering, congregation (also okuta) eg Afeku mu Okuza-a. = Afeku went for the Gathering.
 
@@ -5200,7 +5204,7 @@ oli vu (v) whistle
 
 oli vuza (n) whistling
 
-olimangulu (n) sportsnews
+olimangulu (n) sports news
 
 olirika (n) wind (in Terego dialect/ also oliriko)
 
@@ -5348,7 +5352,7 @@ ondreta (n) supervision, checking (ondreza)
 
 ondrezaru (n) checked, supervised
 
-ondri (v) become thin or slim, bewitch
+ondri (v) become thin or slim, bewitch eg Sitayi ni 'ba ondri. = Sitayi bewitches people.
 
 ondringa (n) slimming (also ondrita, ondriza)
 
@@ -5396,13 +5400,13 @@ ongoni (adj) poetic
 
 ongoro'bi (n) eyebrows
 
-ongu (n) race, running (also ongu nzuta, ongu nzuza); (v) dry eg Narambhai nde ongu. = Narambhai won the race.
+ongu (n) race, running (also ongu nzuta, ongu nzuza); (v) dry eg Fara nde ongu. = Farah won the race.
 
 ongulumu (n) group, association, multitude eg Sudiru Ruparelia ma ongulumu ambo. = Sudhir Ruparelia's group is big.
 
 oni (n) stone, rock, hill (also 'be were); (v) learn eg Oni Arua = Arua Hill
 
-ono (v) complain (also onu)
+ono (v) complain (also onu) eg Muzilikazi ono i-ma ati ma fuza si. = Mzilikazi complained because of his father's murder.
 
 onota (n) complaint (onoza)
 
@@ -5952,6 +5956,8 @@ Pere 'bani nezuru dika! (greeting) Till we see each other again (also 'Ba neru d
 
 peta (n) selection, choice eg Wilu Smithi kini, "Chandi ada ada, te ori peta ni". = Will Smith said, "Danger is real, but fear is a choice."
 
+peti (n) petty, petticoat
+
 petroli (n) petrol (also odu)
 
 pi (adj) whole, (conj) and, (suffix) optional for terms of kinship like atipi/ atapi means father (also pika) or grammatical suffix by which a clause is turned into a noun agent like ageitepi means one who guards, (v) twist, plait; swell, expand
@@ -6160,11 +6166,7 @@ Rwotu (n) king of Acholi
 
 
 Ss
-sa (v) bury, clap, fly, plant, slap eg Semwanga ma avu 'ba sa Kayunga-a. = Semwanga's corpse was buried in Kayunga.
-
-saa (n) clock, watch (also sawa, sa), time, moment, occasion, era eg Saa ongo avizu Arua Chano-a = Time for playing music on Arua Channel
-
-saa azia (n) lunch, 12 o'clock, noon, midnight (also yi ali, etu 6)
+sa (v) bury, clap, fly, plant, slap; time eg Semwanga ma avu 'ba sa Kayunga-a. = Semwanga's corpse was buried in Kayunga.
 
 saani (n) plate (borrowed from Swahili)
 
@@ -6222,6 +6224,12 @@ sati (n) shirt eg Eloni Masiki su sati ini. = Elon Musk wore a black shirt.
 
 sati ma wu (n) shirt sleeve (also sati ma wi)
 
+sawa (n) clock, watch, time (also saa, sa), moment, occasion, era eg Sawa ongo avizu Arua Chano-a ica 'bo. = Time for playing music on Arua Channel has arrived already.
+
+sawa azia (n) lunch, 12 o'clock, noon, midnight (also yi ali, etu 6)
+
+sawa tambapi (n) time keeper
+
 Sawusi Afrika (n) Republic of South Africa (RSA) eg Sofi ni aa Sawusi Afrika-a. = Sophie stays in South Africa.
 
 sayansi (n) science
@@ -6242,7 +6250,7 @@ selasa (n) slasher (also selesa)
 
 semutundu (n) type of fish
 
-sende (n) money (also mali, lonyi nyakuari) eg Bryani Whaiti fe 'ba pini sende biasara ngazu. = Bryan White gave people money for doing business.
+sende (n) money (also mali, lonyi nyakuari) eg Brayani Whaiti fe 'ba pini sende biasara ngazu. = Bryan White gave people money for doing business.
 
 sende simu si (n) mobile money
 
@@ -6664,7 +6672,7 @@ tuzu drile (adv) and above - said of ages (also muzu drile) eg Fabregasi avi Ase
 Uu [shares some words with Oo]
 ubalako (n) fox (also obalako, oboloko)
 
-Uganda (n) East African country where I was born (pronounced Uwganda), Pearl of Africa (also Yuganda)
+Uganda (n) East African country where I was born (pronounced Uw-ganda), Pearl of Africa (also Yuganda)
 
 Uhuru Geri (n) Independence Road starts from the Arua Hill Roundabout and extends along the foot of Arua Hill eg Karungi ni azi nga Uhuru Geri-a. = Karungi works on Independence Road.
 
@@ -6934,12 +6942,10 @@ yo (adv) not, (interj) no, (pron) nothing
 
 yofe (n) broom eg Tedi ni angu we yofe si. = Teddy is sweeping the place with a broom.
 
-Yole (n) place in Terego, Lugbara subclan with ancestry from Ethiopia
+Yole (n) place in Terego, Lugbara subclan with ancestry from Ethiopia eg Drapari enga Yole-a. = Drapari is from Yole.
 
 yu (adj) lukewarm (also yuu), warm; (v) warm oneself with fire or sunheat eg Homi ni i-oji yi yu si. = Homi bathes herself with warm water.
 
-Yuganda (n) Uganda, the Pearl of Africa
-
 yuku (n) kite eg Yuku ni nga. = A kite is flying.
 
 Yumbe (n) Ugandan district inhabited mainly by the Aringa, northeast of Arua and Maracha, east of Koboko, west of Moyo eg Dina ni Yumbe-a. = Dina is in Yumbe.
@@ -7282,7 +7288,7 @@ Azita MUNGU Ni Mudri 'Diyi [The 10 Commandments of GOD], Excerpts from Exodus 20
 Lugbara Anthem (Approved by Lugbara Kari from a competition won by Mercy Deogratious Ajedra and launched on Wednesday 6th October 2021 in Mvara, Arua):
 1. Ama Lugbara ru, ama 'ba aluni [We are Lugbara, we are one people]
 
-Afa azi maco ama esele ku [Nothing should divide us]
+Afa azi ma co ama esele ku [Nothing should divide us]
 
 Leta asianzu be ama eselea [Love and peace among us]
 
@@ -7308,6 +7314,8 @@ Ama nga paso okporu Lugbara ru [We will stand strong as Lugbara]!
 
 
 Wura [Colours in Lugbara]:
+imve = white
+
 eka = red/ crimson/ scarlet
 
 orenzi (pronounced orenji) = orange
@@ -7318,27 +7326,25 @@ grini = green
 
 blu = blue/ indigo/ cyan/ aqua/ sky blue
 
-pinki = pink/ magenta/ hotpink/ fuchsia
-
 papo = purple/ violet
 
-ini (inikini) = black (darkish)
+pinki = pink/ magenta/ hotpink/ fuchsia
 
-inibiricici (inicici) = very dark
+maruni = maroon
 
-imve = white
+okaza, okazaru, okalamgba, wara wara (walala), okata, oka = brown (brown skinned), becoming brownish, become brownish with dirt
 
-imve silili, whilili = very white, pure white
+foro(foro), foroto = grey, greyish (England or UK English), gray, grayish (American English)
 
-enisi-emvesi, korikori = black and white
+horohoro, perepere, walalaru = light
 
-maruni = maroon
+ini (inikini) = black (darkish)
 
-horohoro, perepere, walalaru = light
+inibiricici (inicici) = very dark
 
-foro(foro), foroto = grey, greyish (England or UK English), gray, grayish (American English)
+enisi-emvesi, korikori = black and white
 
-okaza, okazaru, okalamgba, wara wara (walala), okata, oka = brown (brown skinned), becoming brownish, become brownish with dirt
+imve silili, whilili = very white, pure white
 
 
 The Verb "Be":
@@ -7376,9 +7382,9 @@ Mother (andri, andre, ayia, mama, mami)
 
 Step-mother (andria, ayia ogu, andrapuru)
 
-Husband (agupi, ago, culu)
+Husband, mister (agupi, ago, culu)
 
-Wife (oku)
+Wife, woman, female (oku)
 
 Co-wife (oku pi, ai azi - because they can lend salt to each other)
 
@@ -7470,13 +7476,13 @@ Maracha = Kulu, Ise [Locust (Swarming Grasshopper), Common Grasshopper known as
 
 Obongi = Aji i'bini [Fish Eagle]
 
-Terego = Odro (like Anabia, Omba omba) [Rat]
+Terego = Odro (eg Anabia, Omba omba) [Rat]
 
 Vura = Oboloko [Fox]/ Ago [Pumpkin]
 
 
 Desert Dates:
-Prompt: Imagine a dating program from Arua (the Centre of Lugbaraland) where Lugbara and English are the first two main languages used by the show's team (probably sponsored by Desert Breeze Hotel) in the mold of either Hello Mr. Right Kenya or Date My Family Uganda, Abanoonya, Shoot Your Shot Nigeria, Dating: No Filter South Africa, Uyang'thanda Na?, Wanilata, etc. Love runs the world...
+Prompt: Imagine a dating program in Arua (the Centre of Lugbaraland) where Lugbara and English are the first two main languages used by the show's team (probably sponsored by Desert Breeze Hotel) in the mold of either Hello Mr. Right Kenya or Date My Family Uganda, Abanoonya, Shoot Your Shot Nigeria, Dating: No Filter South Africa, Uyang'thanda Na?, Wanilata, etc. Love runs the world...
 
 
 JSON Lines:
@@ -8097,21 +8103,23 @@ Feedback (Amazing World of Lugbara):
 
 "I contacted you in 2018 and I keep looking at your Lugbara blogs. Have you thought about writing a book? I have always wanted to know about our history, culture, language. I was born in Arua but grew up in Kakira - Jinja. Your blogs made me research and get old Lugbara textbooks... I bless GOD for your life. You are called to make Lugbara known to the world... If West Africans have language similarities to Lugbara, when did we separate... The Aringa connived with the Government to be called a tribe... Aringa is just a dialect. Not a tribe. Similar to Rigbo, Terego, etc... Difference is less than 100 words. I have travelled much of our land and analysed some of the various differences including being in Moyo and Adjumani. My paternal grandparents moved to Lodonga in Yumbe in the 1950s so all my mother's side are in Yumbe and speak Aringa. No difference... I admire the way our descendants will have access to all this information after the hardwork you are putting into this project..." - Gilbert Adima via WhatsApp, on Wednesday 11th December 2024
 
-"Our man Edward the record keeper and note-taker of the family. We thank GOD for this wisdom! This is always nice..." - Monica Driwaru Ecodu (Saturday 28th December 2024)
+"Our man Edward the record keeper and note-taker of the family. We thank GOD for this wisdom! This is always nice..." - Monica Driwaru Ecodu on Saturday 28th December 2024
 
-"Your talent in graphics has always amazed me... honestly one of the coolest people I've ever met... Your creativity and passion for learning are already a solid foundation... Natural talent... You approach things with excellence..." - Onya Kokas, ICT Engineer from Teso, but working in Zambia (Wednesday 1st January 2025)
+"Your talent in graphics has always amazed me... honestly one of the coolest people I've ever met... Your creativity and passion for learning are already a solid foundation... Natural talent... You approach things with excellence..." - Onya Kokas, ICT Engineer from Teso, but working in Zambia on Wednesday 1st January 2025
 
-"(I')m conducting a research study on the vocabulary comparison between Teregoti and Ayivuti. My challenge is that... I didn't grow up in the community that could enable me learn my language. And so I got your contact from some PDF on Google while I was searching for history about the Lugbara... I appreciate your work so much..." - Agnes Ceniru, pursuing a Bachelor's Degree in English and Literature (Saturday 4th October 2025)
+"(I')m conducting a research study on the vocabulary comparison between Teregoti and Ayivuti. My challenge is that... I didn't grow up in the community that could enable me learn my language. And so I got your contact from some PDF on Google while I was searching for history about the Lugbara... I appreciate your work so much..." - Agnes Ceniru, pursuing a Bachelor's Degree in English and Literature on Saturday 4th October 2025
 
-"Very cool! Important work :)" - Buster Franken (+31 6 24877967)
+"Very cool! Important work :)..." - Buster Franken (+31 6 24877967)
 
-"That's good work, brother, you have done it for us all..." - Mildred Maneno, maternal cousin (Tuesday 7th October 2025)
+"That's good work, brother, you have done it for us all..." - Mildred Maneno, maternal cousin on Tuesday 7th October 2025
 
 "Read the 2011 Lugbara Kari Constitution... At campus, you used to be very peaceful..." - Manase Yuma Amuku (4th Agofe) on Sunday 2nd November 2025
 
 "I saw your Lugbara post about pronunciation; it was nice!" - Asher Bania (Lugbaraganda) on Wednesday 5th November 2025
 
-"You should be given a post in Lugbara Kari..." - Philip Mayonga (061125)
+"You should be given a post in Lugbara Kari..." - Philip Mayonga on Thursday 061125
+
+"Hullo there... I got your number from the Amazing World of Lugbara. Am a Muganda who enjoys Lugbara music. Thanks for the lyrics you posted. I was looking for the Etoo and Munyumunyu lyrics, but couldn't find them. Would be so glad if you could share them please. Thank you once again..." - Derrick (+256-749-799693) on Thursday 13th November 2025
 
 
 Lugbara Supermobile (Arua Imagination):
@@ -8292,7 +8300,6 @@ Settings [Otita]
 Lugbara-English (Crossovers)
 Some Lugbara words have the same spelling as English, but mean totally different things eg: a, ace, agate, agile, ago, aka, ale, alibi, alone, amaze, animate, ape, are, aria, aroma, asia, awe, azalea, be, bile, do, ego, era, go, ice, mile, mini, one, so, to, vile, we, etc...
 
-
 Lugbara-Ganda:
 Bambi = Sorry ['Ba mbi = Let us have sex]
 Bigambo = Words [(Big)ambo]
@@ -8309,10 +8316,8 @@ Semakula = Male-given name with meaning related to gains [Se maku la = Pulled th
 LOST IN TRANSLATION (DREAMCAST):
 This encyclopedic research documentation is inspired by (and dedicated to) Cynthia Letasi, aka Rejoice (The Beautyful One and Green Riding Hood - now Mrs. Mungufeni born on Thursday 17th August 1995; roger that Ayi Kwei Armah) who changed my worldview like a valuable pearl (Matthew 13:45-46), Kumari in the Orient or Divine Feminine between 2001-6; made me feel like Bob Harris in Arua (not Japan) around 2003 because she was 11 years younger than me. Ono omuwala yanmalamu amalala ga kibuga [Luganda for: This girl drained city pride out of me]. To be honest, she was my first true "superhigh" crush within Arua (West Nile) after the Y2K Computer Bug Doom's Day didn't happen though I never told her my exact heartfelt reality for multiple years (Just tried to show it through kind, unapologetic, smile-inducing treatment until she boldly confessed something directly to me that I will treasure until infinity). I adored how her glowing eyes hawked at me (One of my favourite, unforgettable, classy memories about CL). Furthermore, her lookalikes included the volatile Tonto Dikeh (Nigerian), lyric-savvy Sheebah Karungi, decent Betty Mpologoma, carefree (worry-less) Spice Diana as well as easygoing Scarlett Johansson who automatically became my all-time favourites; I knew her before all of them except maybe Betty who began her diamond singing career in 1999. Queenie, one of the lead vocalists in the Miracle Cathedral Rubaga (MCR) Proclaim Music choir also has that Cynthia aura plus Pretty Banks, Sheila Gashumba, etc. Even though I reconnected with Xnthi (nickname I gave her meaning Numberless or Infinite value) via Facebook at the turn of the 2010s, I did not see her again physically until Tuesday 12th February 2019 walking southwards with her darkskinned female friend on the hyper-straight Arua Avenue at the Ediofe Road Junction (while I escorted my cousin to a printshop before he rushed to Onduparaka to see his sister). That was about 13 unlucky years since the last time, but only three surreal days after dreaming about her. I smiled like GOD's sun was shining on me in the afternoon before rush hour; it was the same day Onduparaka drew 0-0 with URA FC in the Ugandan top-flight league. Obsession is not a crime, just harness it like human solar electricity. Disconnection is re-direction; too much love will heal you. Love is indestructible and the Greatest Thing: I admired Cynthia's pleasant appearance and supadupa fluency at a very tender age of 6 to 11 and felt inspired to polish my own linguistics by reading Lugbara afresh since I learnt my mother tongue despite being downgraded as backward in Busoga (Birth to 11 years) and Buganda only by listening to Lugbara people talk. Even though I spoke and understood it, I couldn't transcribe Lugbara well like English but when moonstruck by our Mt. Wati Road (Arua) neighbour's adorable brownskinned daughter, I was motivated to re-study this vernacular from Northwestern Uganda in black and white (using music lyrics, Biblia, Straight Talk newspapers, other literature, then a Fountain Publishers 2009 dictionary compiled by Willy Ngaka, Edward O'du'bua and Paul Iga Ongua [bought for a Twenty10 gig from Sarah Ojirot at Uganda Deaf Women's Organisation], etc). Consequently, I would perhaps grasp Lugbara the way ShaoLan Hsueh created Chineasy, then fabricate my own Synthetic Artificial Lugbara Technology (SALT), Informative Synthetic Encoder (ISE) or Ojapi Converter. Language has to be preserved through documentation and transmitted to anyone connected or interested because cultural heritage represents a collective identity of values, diversity, traditions and assets passed around from generation to generation eg my parents (James + Elizabeth Dramani) to me, though my mother departed in Twenty22 (during Volume 7). Some relatives and natives would laugh at my pronunciations or choice of words but it didn't phase me. I've never been ashamed to be called Omulugwara even if it is a byword for stupidity, Naked People (Only Karamoja was ranked before us) and backwardness among some communities. Aren't we all descendants of Noah, the Flood Survivor? One day, I bypassed two dudes on Acacia Avenue in KLA and heard them speak what sounded like broken Lugbara; I reasoned later that it might have been Madi language. Also, Aringa is like Lugbara Patois or Filipino. During May 2023, someone asked me why I study Lugbara yet it is not useful and I told him not to diss my mother tongue like that; garbage or waste appears worthless until it's recycled and given value: Lugbara is a multinational language spoken mainly across three colonial borders which converge at Salia Musala (about 2 hours by car northwards from Arua City). There are nine Lugbara clans in DR Congo (Kari Culture Minister - John Godo, a UPC stalwart, taught me that in 2009: When I went to Ariwara [inside DRC] the following year, I was stunned by the amount of Lugbara songs playing loudly near the markets). I strongly believe Generative AI can learn Lugbarati and make it reuseable and applicable in various fields; Deep Learning Indaba (DLI), Ambani, Hugging Face, Deep Site, Foundation for Lugbarati Development Initiative (FLUDI) or Lugbara GPT type-of-way. Live translation of President M7's speeches by people like Fred Bada plus other arrangements like crusades, etc can also be a reference... In December 2013, the Lugbarati Language Board proposed an Orthography Guide with 45 letters (including 7 vowels and 38 consonants). Tonal Lugbara literature with its many character symbols (accents, crosses, dashes or hyphens, dots, umlauts, etc) seems advanced plus crowdily complex and scares away learners, but the simpler version shared in this wordbook is legit too... Lugbara funeral songs have been replaced with church hymns and modern Gospel music... In my Allegory of Artificial Ignorance: For machines to learn Lugbara, humans (both self-motivated and paid contributors) must train them or organise datasets for AI to decode unsupervised... Artificial Dreams (or Hallucinations) can also come true like Dreamcast... My makeshift Word Interchange Technique (WIT) from 1996 was not far-fetched afterall (feeling like Michael Jordan versus Detroit Pistons: No rules)...
 
-When I was in Senior 5 (during 2001), I told my hostelmates that one day there will be a radio device that converts words spoken on air into text like S2T (Speech-2-Text) or Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and displayed on a screen (just like we transcribed classroom dictation from teachers). I was labelled "mulalu [Luganda for: mad]" but dreams are not hopeless; GOD's Time brings them to life for instance Google Assistant, Meet (In-chat captions), Apple's Siri, TranSay, Logbar ili, OpenAI's ChatGPT or Whisper, Assembly AI, etc. Twitter (X) Spaces is also not very far from my Ongo (Ojapi Converter) vision. Zero-Shot Machine Translation tech is a model that can learn to translate words into another language without having to see any examples... Meta's Universal Speech Translator is a very ambitious AI research project that might improve language-mixing or Computer-Assisted Translation like Google Translate does... LaMDA (Language Model for Dialogue Applications) which Blake Lamoine labelled "sentient" was originally introduced as Meena in 2020. It's a conversational Large Language Model (LLM) built by Google... The Madi-Lugbara language is related to the languages of Southern Nigeria eg Yoruba, Igbo, Edo, Iduma, Igala, Igbira, Gbari and Nupe. In addition, we can include Ijo and Kalabari of the Niger Delta plus the Bariba - north of Yoruba and Aja (Ewe) spoken in Southern Dahomey (Benin), Togo and South-Eastern Ghana... Some people consider Lugbara a dialect of Madi but many do not accept this theory. In fact, a survey was conducted and it concluded that the Ogoko, Okollo and Rigbo dialects (which are considered Southern Madi) should be categorised as dialects of Lugbara. Besides, we share the same names, numbers and many words... In 2020, with support from the Hewlett Foundation, Sunbird AI commenced the African language technology project. They created a large multilingual parallel text dataset of Ugandan languages, with translations in Acholi, Ateso, Luganda, Lugbara and Runyankole. On Saturday 11th October 2025, an AI Language Model called Sunflower (developed by Sunbird) was officially launched and it is described as "the ChatGPT for Uganda"... GeoPoll (a global research organisation) has datasets in Lugbara while JEHOVAH's Witnesses translate their publications into Lugbara (Available at www.jw.org). Companies like Airtel, dfcu Bank, etc also use Lugbara in their electronic platforms... It was very unreal to discover on Sunday 10th September 2023 while googling for "Lugbara AI" that the mother of Jeff Dean (55 year old Google AI Lead then) speaks "fluent Lugbara"; she lived in West Nile when Jeffrey was 5 years old. I guess she knows that Lugbara is learnable by machines; Meta introduced its own AI on WhatsApp a few days later. I love the fact that it paraphrases websites rejected by Wikipedia. Mark Zuckerberg believes AI will make superintelligent multi-lingual connections possible for all. When you copy some of the BigAMBO [Words] in this dictionary and paste as a chat message to Meta AI like a Paul and Silas jailbreak, it can learn Ugandan Lugbara by reading patterns and fine-tuning itself to chat with you even though it used a strange vocabulary as Lugbara in Twenty24 (probably Central or West African) like TranslatorMind the following year. Sam Altman (CEO at Open AI) also revealed that you can add knowledge and create a custom GPT by uploading files in the GPTs App Store. Self-Adapting or Adjusting LLMs (SEAL or SALMs) will learn new words by themselves... Vibe-coding can also help you create Lugbara chatbots plus other software...
-
+When I was in Senior 5 (during 2001), I told my hostelmates that one day there will be a radio device that converts words spoken on air into text like S2T (Speech-2-Text) or Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and displayed on a screen (just like we transcribed classroom dictation from teachers). I was labelled "mulalu [Luganda for: mad]" but dreams are not hopeless; GOD's Time brings them to life for instance Google Assistant, Meet (In-chat captions), Apple's Siri, TranSay, Logbar ili, OpenAI's ChatGPT or Whisper, Assembly AI, etc. Twitter (X) Spaces is also not very far from my Ongo (Ojapi Converter) vision. Zero-Shot Machine Translation tech is a model that can learn to translate words into another language without having to see any examples... Meta's Universal Speech Translator is a very ambitious AI research project that might improve language-mixing or Computer-Assisted Translation like Google Translate does... LaMDA (Language Model for Dialogue Applications) which Blake Lamoine labelled "sentient" was originally introduced as Meena in 2020. It's a conversational Large Language Model (LLM) built by Google... The Madi-Lugbara language is related to the languages of Southern Nigeria eg Yoruba, Igbo, Edo, Iduma, Igala, Igbira, Gbari and Nupe. In addition, we can include Ijo and Kalabari of the Niger Delta plus the Bariba - north of Yoruba and Aja (Ewe) spoken in Southern Dahomey (Benin), Togo and South-Eastern Ghana... Some people consider Lugbara a dialect of Madi but many do not accept this theory. In fact, a survey concluded that the Ogoko, Okollo and Rigbo dialects (which are considered Southern Madi or Madi Ndri) should be categorised as dialects of Lugbara. Besides, we share the same names, numbers and many words... In 2020, with support from the Hewlett Foundation, Sunbird AI commenced the African language technology project. They created a large multilingual parallel text dataset of Ugandan languages, with translations in Acholi, Ateso, Luganda, Lugbara and Runyankole. On Saturday 11th October 2025, an AI Language Model called Sunflower (developed by Sunbird) was officially launched and it is described as "the ChatGPT for Uganda"... GeoPoll (a global research organisation) has datasets in Lugbara while JEHOVAH's Witnesses translate their publications into Lugbara (Available at www.jw.org). Companies like Airtel, dfcu Bank, etc also use Lugbara in their electronic platforms... It was very unreal to discover on Sunday 10th September 2023 while googling for "Lugbara AI" that the mother of Jeff Dean (55 year old Google AI Lead then) speaks "fluent Lugbara"; she lived in West Nile when Jeffrey was 5 years old. I guess she knows that Lugbara is learnable by machines; Meta introduced its own AI on WhatsApp a few days later. I love the fact that it paraphrases websites rejected by Wikipedia. Mark Zuckerberg believes AI will make superintelligent multi-lingual connections possible for all. When you copy some of the BigAMBO [Words] in this dictionary and paste as a chat message to Meta AI like a Paul and Silas jailbreak, it can learn Ugandan Lugbara by reading patterns and fine-tuning itself to chat with you even though it used a strange vocabulary as Lugbara in Twenty24 (probably Central or West African) like TranslatorMind the following year. Sam Altman (CEO at Open AI) also revealed that you can add knowledge and create a custom GPT by uploading files in the GPTs App Store. Self-Adapting or Adjusting LLMs (SEAL or SALMs) will learn new words by themselves... Vibe-coding can also help you create Lugbara chatbots plus other software...
 
 [GODisgreat!]
 
-
 AIKO (Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Organiser)