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Aiko's Lugbara Dictionary (Volume 9).txt CHANGED
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ GOD is great; first and foremost!
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  TABLE OF CONTENTS (MENU):
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- Pronunciation Guide
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  Word Classes
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@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ Lost in Translation (Dreamcast)
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  Pronunciation Parameters [Lugbara Phonology]:
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- Created painstakingly from scratch with gritty nerves on the 3rd Agofe's 90th birthday afternoon (Saturday 26th November 2016) and reinforced plus cleaned every year, Aiko's Lugbara Dictionary is where the Old and New meet. I'm only human and apologise in advance for any mistakes. So, corrections and suggestions are most welcome via WhatsApp: +256-781-345712 or Email: aikoug@gmail.com! I ask the Holy Spirit to guide me in the name of JESUS!
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- Every Lugbara word ends with one of the five vowels eg nyanya = tomato; mucele = rice; karoti = carrot; ovakedo = avocado; osu = bean. Letters Q [Kya] and X [Eksa, Alamakanda in Aringa dialect] are not used but four unique ones with an apostrophe are added: 'B, 'D, 'W and 'Y (which all sound like putting H after them though personal names omit the apostrophe). The 28 letters in the Simplified Lugbara Alphabet sound like this: Ah, Ba, Bha, Cha, Da, Dha, Eh, Fa, Ga, Ha, Ii (as in Inn), Ja, Ka, La, Ma, Na, Oh, Pa, Ra, Sa, Ta, Uw (as in yoU), Va, Wa, Wha, Ya, Yha, Za. The original Vocabulary was small because some words have multiple meanings based on three major tones (to five including rising and falling), pronunciation or context eg ai can mean salt (high tone); accept, pray (mid tone); ask (low tone) while ti can mean cow; to drip; mouth, language; to produce and so on. However, new words keep being added to the existing language eg komputa = computer; simu = phone; etc. Most nouns can denote both singular and plural (though adding yi after them also does); exceptions include mva [child] which becomes anzi [children]; etc. Adding suffixes -jo, -ko, -ru, -si and -yo to nouns creates new words; verbs also have -ku, -ma, -nga, -ta, -za and -zu. Adjectives follow the Subject eg buku eka = red book. In the entries ahead, semi-colon (;) shows different tones and meanings while goal brackets [] show translation. Lugbara sentences in past tense are structured using the Subject-Verb-Object arrangement like in English, but present continuous and future tenses follow S-O-V though nga [will, shall] is added after the Subject to mark the difference eg YESU ni (nga) 'ba onzi pa [JESUS (will) save sinners]...
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45
- Some words are borrowed or modified from English and other languages like Swahili, Luganda and Lingala. Lugbara words are written the same way they are pronounced; repeated letters look redundant eg Vurra, Oluffe, Ofudde, Owaffa, Mekki, etc unless special and meaningful (What you see is what you get). Diphthong clusters and other noteworthy phonetics include the following:
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47
  a as in rat, for example leta-a
48
 
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ acika (n) smoke
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216
  acikulu (n) charcoal
217
 
218
- Acile (n) male-given name meaning "Like light"
219
 
220
  acita (n) movement (also aciza)
221
 
@@ -2937,7 +2937,7 @@ ililua (n) small hole or opening created by removing the top surface using finge
2937
 
2938
  ima (n) owl; (pron) his/ her/ its (also i-ma, archaic 'ima)
2939
 
2940
- imba (n) moon; net; (v) teach; harden eg Mayokia ni 'ba imba Maracha Sekondari-a. = Mayokia teaches (people) at Maracha Secondary.
2941
 
2942
  imba 'ba (n) teachers, educators, instructors, tutors, mentors
2943
 
@@ -2963,6 +2963,8 @@ imvu (n) pot (pronounced invu), orphan; (v) drown
2963
 
2964
  imu (phr v) come; mix eg Mi imu mavu! = Come to me!
2965
 
 
 
2966
  ina (v) appear eg Joni Rambo ina ase-a. = John Rambo appeared in the bush.
2967
 
2968
  inata (n) appearance
@@ -3733,7 +3735,7 @@ lata (n) reading, counting, laying down, lying down
3733
 
3734
  Latini (n) Latin
3735
 
3736
- layini (n) line
3737
 
3738
  layini dria (adv) online
3739
 
@@ -3771,11 +3773,11 @@ letaru (adj) loving, affectionate
3771
 
3772
  leuta (n) food cover
3773
 
3774
- li (n) thigh; (v) cut, mop, clean, judge; roll (eg ball), blow (said of wind)
3775
 
3776
  li 'ba (v) covet
3777
 
3778
- li ti (phr) interrupt sb talking (idiom), directly translated: cut mouth eg Fozi li ma ti. = Fozy interrupted my speech.
3779
 
3780
  lico (n) home (in Aringa dialect/ also licho, licoga, lichoga); kraal
3781
 
@@ -3801,7 +3803,7 @@ Livapulu (n) Liverpool, town in Britain eg Livapulu-a, mi aci nga a'dule ku. = I
3801
 
3802
  liza (n) cutting, slaughtering, judgement, mopping, cleaning, rolling
3803
 
3804
- lo (v) harvest (cereals), slaughter
3805
 
3806
  Lobule (n) village and subcounty in Koboko near Tara (also Lubule)
3807
 
@@ -3847,7 +3849,7 @@ lorika (n) oval-shaped fruit with a red outer cover and white interior plus a sh
3847
 
3848
  loza (n) harvest
3849
 
3850
- lu (adv) just, only, exactly; (v) look, see (also ilu), make a hole through something eg Arua lu aluzaru! = Arua is just sweet!
3851
 
3852
  Lu (n) Lugbara dialect in DR Congo
3853
 
@@ -3855,7 +3857,7 @@ Ludara (n) subcounty in Koboko, west of Kei
3855
 
3856
  ludo (n) ludo game, gambling using dice eg Karile yi ludo avi. = The youth are playing ludo.
3857
 
3858
- lufe (n) mingling stick
3859
 
3860
  Luganda (n) language of Buganda Kingdom
3861
 
@@ -3915,7 +3917,7 @@ ma (n) mother (also andri), (pron) my; 's; I am (v) decay, rot eg Jenifa ni Gabr
3915
 
3916
  ma-i (pron) me
3917
 
3918
- ma vutia (adv) onwards, after eg "Natascha Kampusch" apa te o'du 3096 ma vutia. = Natascha Kampusch ran away after 3096 days.
3919
 
3920
  maaku (n) potato eg Kristini ni maaku nya 'biko tro; eri ma ale ni su maaku si. = Christine is eating potatoes with the outer skin; her stomach aches because of potatoes.
3921
 
@@ -3951,7 +3953,7 @@ Magendo Park (n) place in Arua Hill Cell, loading park that used to be off Nebbi
3951
 
3952
  magineti (n) magnet
3953
 
3954
- maiki (n) microphone (also maikirofoni) eg Eri maiki ayu "Maracha Action For Development (MAFORD)" ma mitingi-a. = S/he is using a microphone in the Maracha Action For Development (MAFORD) meeting.
3955
 
3956
  mailo (n) mile
3957
 
@@ -4047,7 +4049,7 @@ Masindi (n) place in the south of West Nile eg Akiki mu Masindi-a. = Akiiki has
4047
 
4048
  maskiti (n) mosque, masjid (also masjidi) eg Omari ni mu maskiti-a. = Omar is going to the mosque.
4049
 
4050
- matenvu (n) drunkard
4051
 
4052
  matu (n) misery, sadness, sorrow (also candi)
4053
 
@@ -4061,7 +4063,7 @@ mawa (n) flower (also mawua) eg E ka 'ba iri ne leta-a, i'be mawa! = When you se
4061
 
4062
  Maye! (injerj) Oh my, Oh no, I'm sorry!
4063
 
4064
- mayuni (n) yam (also ayu, gurunya, likinya) eg Salehu ni mayuni nya. = Saleh is eating yam.
4065
 
4066
  maza (adj) rotten, decayed
4067
 
@@ -4091,7 +4093,7 @@ mbele (adj) quick eg Lionelu Mesi (avita 123-a) ni Agu mupira tupi Golo 100 supi
4091
 
4092
  mbele mbele (adv) quickly (also mbeleko cici)
4093
 
4094
- mbeta (n) ring, like empeta
4095
 
4096
  mbi (v) have sex or sexual intercourse, fuck, make love, copulate, mate, bonk, shaft eg 'Ba mbi o'du 1 mba 7 si! = Let us have sex on 1st July!
4097
 
@@ -4293,13 +4295,13 @@ mulokoni (n) cooked cow hooves (also putuku)
4293
 
4294
  mundrokole (n) leafy vegetable (also warila without beans)
4295
 
4296
- Mundu (n) English, European, Western, white person (also muzungu), name given to Lugbara Tribe before migrating from Nigeria eg "John Middleton" ni Mundu. = John Middleton is a White.
4297
 
4298
- Mundu ti (n) English language (also ogarabati, inglishi, Anyafio ti), 2nd Most Spoken Language from outside Africa after Arabic eg Katimbo ma Oku ni Mundu ti imba. = Mrs. Katimbo teaches English.
4299
 
4300
  Munduganda (n) half-breed of a European and Muganda, Lugbara who prefers speaking only English or a European tongue and Luganda
4301
 
4302
- MUNGU (n) YHWH, YAHWEH, JEHOVAH, JAH, GOD [preferred Christian name instead of ADRO, borrowed from Swahili], GOTT, DIEU, SHANGDI, PAPA GOD, ALLAH, KATONDA, MOST HIGH
4303
 
4304
  MUNGU ka lera (phr) if GOD wills, inshaALLAH
4305
 
@@ -4307,11 +4309,11 @@ MUNGU ma ondua (n) slang for chicken ribs that form a boat-like mass of meatbone
4307
 
4308
  mungua (n) small god, idol
4309
 
4310
- Mungueconi (n) name meaning "GOD is the one who can"
4311
 
4312
  Munguniamabe (n) name meaning "GOD is with us" (also shortened to Amabe)
4313
 
4314
- muni (n) type of chilli eg Sentongo nya muni. = Sentongo ate chilli.
4315
 
4316
  Muni (n) suburb south of Arua City and east of Ewuata, location of Muni University, Muni National TTC, St. Luke Church of Uganda, Muni Girls S.S. and PSO Centre
4317
 
@@ -4341,7 +4343,7 @@ musara (n) payment, salary, earnings, wages
4341
 
4342
  musipi (n) belt
4343
 
4344
- musoro (n) tax, graduated tax eg Matayo ni musoro tra "URA" ni. = Matthew collects tax for URA.
4345
 
4346
  Musu? (interj) Really?, Sure?
4347
 
@@ -4363,7 +4365,7 @@ Muyindi (n) Indian
4363
 
4364
  muze (n) old man, dad, granny
4365
 
4366
- Muzungu (n) white person, European (also Mundu)
4367
 
4368
  mva (adj) halfway, not full, half full, (n) baby, kid, child (also mvamva, mgba in Terego dialect) eg Agastya, mva eli be 11 India-a de univasiti. = Agastya, an 11 year old kid in India finished university.
4369
 
@@ -4383,6 +4385,8 @@ mvo (v) slash (also vo)
4383
 
4384
  mvu (v) drink eg Aleksi ni Pepsi mvu. = Alex is drinking Pepsi.
4385
 
 
 
4386
  mvuzaru (adj, n) drinkable
4387
 
4388
 
@@ -4411,13 +4415,13 @@ Natali (n) Nativity, Christmas (also Etu ambo, Krismasi, Krisimasi)
4411
 
4412
  nda (v) search, look for, find
4413
 
4414
- ndaandaa (n) type of rat with long mouth and bad smell (also jojoa)
4415
 
4416
  ndara (n) xylophone, percussion musical instrument made from banana stems or eucalyptus wood and played on the ground during annual Ndara Music & Dance Festivals that used to be held at the end of the year for instance in Awindiri where Shell Petrol Station and adjacent shops are now
4417
 
4418
  ndaza ru (adj, n) becoming rare
4419
 
4420
- nde (def. art) the; (v) win, defeat; deny sb sth eg Aseno nde Manchesta Unaitedi 1-0 (Alu-Ogbo). = Arsenal defeated Manchester United 1-0.
4421
 
4422
  nde nde (n) palm tree leaves
4423
 
@@ -4443,7 +4447,7 @@ ndo (adv) later (also i'dio)
4443
 
4444
  ndra (v) gaze at, pour out water slowly to separate residue from the wanted content
4445
 
4446
- ndraandraa (n) type of grass that cuts you when you come into contact with it
4447
 
4448
  ndrazu (adv) for pouring out water slowly to separate residue from the wanted content
4449
 
@@ -4451,7 +4455,9 @@ ndre (v) see (also ne)
4451
 
4452
  ndremasi (n) witness (also ndremaazi)
4453
 
4454
- ndri (adj) beautiful (also ndriza, ndrizaru), (n) beauty (also ndrita); goat eg Vikitoria ndri! = Victoria is beautiful!
 
 
4455
 
4456
  ndro (v) gossip eg Redi Pepa ni 'ba ndro. = Red Pepper gossips about people.
4457
 
@@ -4513,7 +4519,7 @@ Ngoni? (greeting) How are you? (also Azi mi ci! Ngoni ya, Ngoni 'do?), Hello!, K
4513
 
4514
  ngoti (n) offspring
4515
 
4516
- ngu (v) hate, smell, fatten
4517
 
4518
  nguari? (adv) when?, from where? (also a'dungare, a'dungari?)
4519
 
@@ -4523,6 +4529,8 @@ ngulu (adj) together
4523
 
4524
  ngulupi (pron) self eg ima ngulupi = himself
4525
 
 
 
4526
  ngurube (v) pig eg Ngurube ma eza alu alu. = Pig meat (pork) is tasty.
4527
 
4528
  ngurunguru (n) complaint(s) (also onota)
@@ -4541,7 +4549,7 @@ Nio (n) Lugbara dialect in DR Congo (very similar to Ugandan Lugbara)
4541
 
4542
  niri (prep) for, (suffix) 's (showing possession) eg Golo alu Aseno niri ca kopo 'duzu ku. = Arsenal's one goal was not enough to lift the cup.
4543
 
4544
- nita (n) knowledge
4545
 
4546
  niza (adj) ripe, dark
4547
 
@@ -4669,7 +4677,7 @@ nzenze (n) grasshopper (also ise, kulu)
4669
 
4670
  nzeta (n) combing, sneaking, communicating, communication, subtracting, subtraction, talking, uprooting (also nzeza)
4671
 
4672
- nzi (v) jeer, squeeze, strangle; open
4673
 
4674
  nzila (n) road (also gerika)
4675
 
@@ -4681,7 +4689,7 @@ nzo (v) slip, skid, slide; unshell (eg beanskin) eg Ozilu nzo i-ma kumu si ase d
4681
 
4682
  nzoko (n) tree that can grow on another
4683
 
4684
- nzolanzola (adj) slippery (also nzonzo, nzozaru)
4685
 
4686
  nzota (n) slipping, sliding, skidding, unshelling
4687
 
@@ -4749,7 +4757,7 @@ o'bini ku (adj) private, not for public, secretive (also mani a'dule)
4749
 
4750
  o'bita (n) trial
4751
 
4752
- o'biti (adv) morning (also o'bitisi, o'butisi in another dialect) eg Olivia Yuganda ni "Host TV" ma programu-a o'biti si. = Oliviah Uganda is on Host TV's program in the morning.
4753
 
4754
  o'bo (n) boat (also oguru) eg Nakato ni o'bo-a. = Nakato is in a boat.
4755
 
@@ -4813,7 +4821,7 @@ Oda Klozi (n) Oda Close, off Weatherhead Park Lane next to Hunter's Nest heading
4813
 
4814
  ode (adj) young
4815
 
4816
- odekele (n) baby (also odekua, odekule, bebi)
4817
 
4818
  odhu (n) leopard (also o'du)
4819
 
@@ -4825,7 +4833,7 @@ Odipiyo (n) name meaning "No relatives"
4825
 
4826
  odo (v) handle carefully
4827
 
4828
- odoloo (n) tree that bears long suspended fruits
4829
 
4830
  odra (n) local beer that has stayed overnight, bamboo; death
4831
 
@@ -4939,7 +4947,7 @@ ofuza (n) production
4939
 
4940
  oga (v) crawl, hatch, stop; (n) tick (also ogalili), big man (borrowed from the Igbo language of Nigeria)
4941
 
4942
- oga ci ma ejea (n) style of bicycle riding through the frame and under the crossbar especially by short or young people without occupying the seat (also oga ci ma loma-a [literally The tick has bitten me in the abdomen])
4943
 
4944
  ogara (n) axe
4945
 
@@ -4989,7 +4997,7 @@ ohelu (n) crested crane (also ohalu)
4989
 
4990
  ohorokoto (n) empty shell
4991
 
4992
- oi (n) kind of fleshy fish, (v) dry; hang, tether, tie eg a goat
4993
 
4994
  oiza (n) dry
4995
 
@@ -4997,7 +5005,7 @@ oja (v) change, exchange, translate, Igbo traditional flute used at funerals and
4997
 
4998
  ojapi (n) converter (also ojapiri), translator, changer, hatcher, inverter, turner, transcriber
4999
 
5000
- Ojapi (n) clan and locality (now Ulupi Parish) within Tara then Ajira Subcounty (Maracha East Constituency), futuristic technology that converts Lugbara to English eg Ma enga Ojapi-a. = I'm from Ojapi.
5001
 
5002
  ojata (n) exchange, change (also ojaza), translation, shift eg Mi iji ojata! = Bring change!
5003
 
@@ -5023,9 +5031,7 @@ ojita (n) bath, taking, steering, deliverance
5023
 
5024
  ojizaru (adv) taken, delivered, washed, bathed
5025
 
5026
- ojo (n) issue, topic (also e'yo), (v) talk (also jo in Maracha and Aringa dialect)
5027
-
5028
- ojoo (n) heavy sauce made from beans and groundnut or simsim paste; mashed mutere mixed with cowpeas (also o'yoo, ojogo); medical practitioner (also dakitari, daktari), local medicineman or woman (also ojo), grasshopper with purple shades
5029
 
5030
  oju (n) twins (also eju)
5031
 
@@ -5057,6 +5063,8 @@ oko (adv) first, ahead, leading; (v) fetch eg water; finish eg Fama redio oko Yu
5057
 
5058
  Okokoro (n) trading centre in Maracha on Koboko Highway after River Imve
5059
 
 
 
5060
  okondo (n) ostrich
5061
 
5062
  Okoro (n) county near the DR Congo Border, south of Vurra
@@ -5075,6 +5083,8 @@ okpolo (adj) old fashioned
5075
 
5076
  okporovu (n) pregnancy, pregnant person
5077
 
 
 
5078
  okporu (adj) strong
5079
 
5080
  Okpova (n) open green space with natural stones acting as seats under the tamarind trees next to Arua Central Police Station. It's where Ayivu elders sat and resolved issues affecting them, carried out cleansing rituals and curses too
@@ -5105,19 +5115,19 @@ Okuza (n) festival where Lugbara Diaspora meet and fellowship for four to five d
5105
 
5106
  okuzaru (adv) collected, gathered
5107
 
5108
- ola (n) root; cassava (also gbanda); (v) lie down
5109
 
5110
  ola fura (n) cassava flour
5111
 
5112
  olakula (n) restlessness, curiosity
5113
 
5114
- olangi (n) bell
5115
 
5116
  ole (adj) clean, bare, (n) witchcraft in the heart, bad heart, indignation, moral anger, Parallax; (v) trick, deceive
5117
 
5118
  Oleba (n) subcounty in Maracha near DR Congo Border
5119
 
5120
- oleo (n) witch eg Oleo Grini ma mile iri ndundu. = The Green Witch's two eyes are different.
5121
 
5122
  Olewa Yikuru (n) water falling about 10 metres from River Enyau as it descends towards River Nile at the foothill of Mount Wati eg Maandebo ni Olewa Yikuru-a. = Maandebo is at Olewa Falls.
5123
 
@@ -5195,7 +5205,7 @@ ombizoku (n) large waterbody eg lake (literally locust cannot cross)
5195
 
5196
  Ombizoku Alubati (n) Lake Albert (locally called Mwitanzigye)
5197
 
5198
- Ombokolo (n) place in Koboko and Mvara (Arua)
5199
 
5200
  ombu (v) jump, hop
5201
 
@@ -5271,10 +5281,10 @@ ondre (n) evening; (v) look, search (also one)
5271
 
5272
  ondre ta (n) evening meal
5273
 
5274
- ondrealesi (adv) by evening (also ondresi), in the evening
5275
-
5276
  ondreondre (n) white ants harvested immediately after dusk from 7:30-8:30pm (also andre)
5277
 
 
 
5278
  ondreta (n) supervision, checking (ondreza)
5279
 
5280
  ondrezaru (n) checked, supervised
@@ -5369,7 +5379,7 @@ onzita (n) happiness, opening (also onziza)
5369
 
5370
  onzivu (n) ugliness
5371
 
5372
- Onzivu (n) suburb south of Arua City after Sambya and Awindiri; narrow street between Arua Avenue and Transport Road
5373
 
5374
  onzivuru (adj) ugly
5375
 
@@ -5411,7 +5421,7 @@ opeta (n) choice, selection (also opeza), election, voting
5411
 
5412
  opezaru (adv) selected, chosen
5413
 
5414
- opi (n) chief, chieftainship, king; wings; (v) peel, unshell, swell eg YESU ni opi ma Opi. = JESUS is the King of kings.
5415
 
5416
  Opi ma ndrita ma ovu mibe! (greeting) May the glory of the LORD be with you!
5417
 
@@ -5481,7 +5491,7 @@ orobi (n) dream eg MUNGU eco e'yo nze orobi si. = GOD can speak through a dream.
5481
 
5482
  orodri (n) profit, benefit, gain, use(fulness) eg Afa MUNGU ni le amavu ri, (eri orindi ni); rua ma orodri yo, (eri nga ma ra)! = What GOD wants from us, (it is the spirit); the body is useless, (it will rot)!
5483
 
5484
- orodriru (adj) profitable, gainful, benefitual
5485
 
5486
  oromi (n) nine eg Aseni Wenga nde kopo ku eli oromi engazu 2005 pere 2014. = Arsene Wenger did not win a cup for nine years since 2005 up to 2014.
5487
 
@@ -5519,6 +5529,8 @@ osizaru (adj) roasted; written
5519
 
5520
  oso (n) fat; pole with sth sharp
5521
 
 
 
5522
  osolo (n) mucus-like substance that comes from chest while coughing, sputum
5523
 
5524
  osoroko (n) old clothes
@@ -5539,7 +5551,7 @@ osubi (n) bean leaf (also gobe)
5539
 
5540
  osuta (n) miracle, marvel (also osuza)
5541
 
5542
- osutaru (adj) marvelous, miraculous (also osuzaru) eg Onduparaka "FC" ma rukuza osutaru. = Onduparaka FC's fame/ popularity is marvelous.
5543
 
5544
  ota (v) sympathise, show pity
5545
 
@@ -5571,14 +5583,14 @@ Otitia (n) bare peak of Mt. Wati
5571
 
5572
  otiza ambori (n) chapter
5573
 
 
 
5574
  otoko (n) anthill (also otoo)
5575
 
5576
  otongolo (n) type of poisonous cassava tuber
5577
 
5578
  otonoko (n) kind of bird with a very long neck
5579
 
5580
- otoo (n) hare, rabbit (also eto[o])
5581
-
5582
  otra (v) fold, roll
5583
 
5584
  otralaku (n) small anthill
@@ -5593,7 +5605,7 @@ otre (v) shout
5593
 
5594
  otrenga (n) shouting (also otreta, otreza)
5595
 
5596
- otri (v) curse, rub, scrub
5597
 
5598
  otrikutri (adj) dirty
5599
 
@@ -5659,7 +5671,7 @@ Owafa (n) Owaffa, headquarters of Terego meaning elephant bone (Ewa falako) afte
5659
 
5660
  owi (n) dawn; (v) spit, make sacrifice, peel, unshell
5661
 
5662
- Owinyi (n) Owiny, village in Pakwach that was calculated as the Best Venue on Earth for viewing the 3rd November 2013 Total Solar Eclipse
5663
 
5664
  owita (n) sacrifice, peeling, unshelling (also owiza)
5665
 
@@ -5693,12 +5705,10 @@ oyita (n) slimming
5693
 
5694
  oyiza (adj) thin (also oyizaru)
5695
 
5696
- oyo (n) oath
5697
 
5698
  oyokolo (n) whisper
5699
 
5700
- oyoo (n) monkey
5701
-
5702
  oyoro (n) rags
5703
 
5704
  oyu (n) mole; (v) announce eg Elekitoro Komisoni ma ambo Injinia Badru Kigundu oyu kalulu ma o'du. = Electoral Commission boss Engineer Badru Kiggundu announced the election date.
@@ -5711,7 +5721,7 @@ o'yu (n) horn
5711
 
5712
  oza (v) sting, shout
5713
 
5714
- ozeze (n) second hand clothes (also ozezee)
5715
 
5716
  oze (v) push down
5717
 
@@ -5721,15 +5731,13 @@ ozizaru (adv) for sale eg Nyaka ozizaru "Oasis 24/7"-a. = Food is for sale at Oa
5721
 
5722
  ozizia (n) interview, questions
5723
 
5724
- ozo (n, v) roast
5725
-
5726
- ozoforo (n) grey hair
5727
 
5728
- ozoo (n) rain (also ozo) eg Ozoo yi ni idri! = Rainwater is life!
5729
 
5730
- ozoo opi (n) king of the rain, most important figure in Lugbara politics, chief custodian of clan property
5731
 
5732
- ozoza (adj) roasted
5733
 
5734
  ozozaru (adj) roasted
5735
 
@@ -5745,7 +5753,7 @@ ozuruko (n) aeroplane
5745
  Pp
5746
  pa (n) leg; (v) knock eg door, crucify, nail, rob, save eg Kathi ni i-pa tri. = Cathy is brushing her foot.
5747
 
5748
- pa ale (n) inside or sole of the foot
5749
 
5750
  pa dria (adj) standing (literally on top of leg)
5751
 
@@ -5753,8 +5761,6 @@ pa so (v) stand for election
5753
 
5754
  paago (n) big toe
5755
 
5756
- paale (adv) times eg Mvu iwa paale su Aje Were (Maracha)-a. = S/he drank alcohol four times at Aje Were Bar (Maracha).
5757
-
5758
  paanzi (n) toes
5759
 
5760
  padre (n) priest eg Joeli Obetia ni padre. = Joel Obetia is a priest.
@@ -5949,6 +5955,8 @@ puro (n) grasshopping insect
5949
 
5950
  puru (adj) quick, fast
5951
 
 
 
5952
  putuku (n) cooked leg or hoof of a cow (also mulokoni) eg Salimu nya putuku. = Salim ate the cowhoof.
5953
 
5954
 
@@ -6157,7 +6165,7 @@ Sawusi Afrika (n) Republic of South Africa (RSA) eg Sofi ni aa Sawusi Afrika-a.
6157
 
6158
  sayansi (n) science
6159
 
6160
- se (v) breathe, pull, smoke (also see), (adj) elastic (also sese, pakadili)
6161
 
6162
  Sebei (n) Sebei eg Chemutai ni Sebei. = Chemutai is a Sebei.
6163
 
@@ -6467,7 +6475,7 @@ teta (n) waiting, collecting white ants
6467
 
6468
  theata (n) theatre
6469
 
6470
- ti (adj) in vain; (n) cow; sound of dropping liquid, hang (oneself); mouth (also tile), language; (v) dress smartly, thatch, sign, press a button; give birth, deliver eg Ti Yuganda-a lu towi: Bantu, Luo, Karamojong-Ateso, Madi-Lugbara azini Azia. = There are only five languages in Uganda: Bantu, Luo, Karamojong-Ateso, Madi-Lugbara and Asian.
6471
 
6472
  ti aroni (n) cow, heifer
6473
 
@@ -6499,9 +6507,7 @@ timu (n) team
6499
 
6500
  tingatinga amvu 'yapiri (n) tractor machine, handheld plougher that can use 3 litres of oil for 3 acres
6501
 
6502
- tinzeta (n) speaking
6503
-
6504
- tinzeza (n) spoken language (pronounced tinjeza) eg "BBC" ni tinzeza imba. = BBC teaches spoken language.
6505
 
6506
  tipa (n) tipper truck eg 'Ba da sende tawuni-a tipasi. = Money was poured (or dumped) in (the) town using a tipper.
6507
 
@@ -6587,7 +6593,7 @@ tuzu drile (adv) and above - said of ages (also muzu drile) eg Fabregasi avi Ase
6587
  Uu [shares some words with Oo]
6588
  ubalako (n) fox (also obalako, oboloko)
6589
 
6590
- Uganda (n) East African country where I was born (pronounced Uwganda), also Yuganda
6591
 
6592
  Uhuru Geri (n) Independence Road starts from the Arua Hill Roundabout and extends along the foot of Arua Hill eg Karungi ni azi nga Uhuru Geri-a. = Karungi works on Independence Road.
6593
 
@@ -7895,11 +7901,11 @@ Lugbara Tribe = O'du/ Odhu [Leopard]
7895
 
7896
  Logiri (Vurra) = Ago [Pumpkin]/ Oboloko [Fox]
7897
 
7898
- Ma(')di Adjumani (East Moyo) = Au ago [White cock, Rooster]
7899
 
7900
- Ma(')di Moyo = Au logo
7901
 
7902
- Ma(')di Okol(l)o = Ndri [Goat]/ Aswa (Translated to Luganda: Enswa) [White ants mixed in paste like kumura]
7903
 
7904
  Maracha = Kulu, Ise [Locust (Swarming grasshopper), Common Grasshopper known as Nsenene]
7905
 
@@ -7977,6 +7983,8 @@ FEEDBACK (Amazing World of Lugbara):
7977
 
7978
  "Mucele ma ru Lugbara tisi ngoni... Borehole ma ru? Ma adripi borehole ma ru Lugbara tisi mani ma oku niri semenikia adreni chuma (yini) ku, enzo onzi! You have given me wrong answers, please brother, don't lie people, thanks..." - 0772-978078 (Batista Atrici)
7979
 
 
 
7980
  "I'm Susan from Abim, I love singing hymn 7 in the Uganda Youth Praise but I don't know the meaning since it's in Lugbara. I got ur number from the internet. Let me share with you the song.// Wow, remain blessed my brother..." - Susan Joyce Akidi (a Karamojong) in April 2023
7981
 
7982
  "I'm a Lugbara but raised in another place (Kampala) so I just want to practise it en as I was on Google I came across ur dictionary en I got ur number for more help... I still know some few words though sometimes making sentences is hard for me... If you have some Lugbara gospel or worship u can send me..." - 0780-809251 (Dennis), on Monday 26th June 2023
@@ -8127,6 +8135,8 @@ Play Store [Avi Stowa]
8127
 
8128
  Alarm [Lulu]
8129
 
 
 
8130
  Facebook [Fesibuku]
8131
 
8132
  WhatsApp [WatsApu]
@@ -8167,7 +8177,7 @@ Off [Anyu]
8167
 
8168
 
8169
  LOST IN TRANSLATION (like Leta SI [Synthetic Imagination]):
8170
- This Lugbara Dictionary research documentation is inspired by (and dedicated to) Cynthia Letasi, aka Rejoice (The Beautyful One and Green Riding Hood born on Thursday 17th August 1995; now Mrs. Mungufeni) who changed my worldview like a Kumari in the Orient or Divine Feminine between 2001-6; made me feel like Bob Harris in Arua. To be honest, she was my first true superhigh crush within Arua (West Nile) though I never told her my exact reality for years (just tried to show it through countless, unapologetic actions until she boldly confessed something I will treasure until infinity) plus resembles Tonto Dikeh (Nigerian), Sheebah Karungi and Betty Mpologoma as well as Spice Diana who automatically became my all-time favourites. Queenie, one of the lead vocalists in Miracle Cathedral Rubaga's Proclaim Music choir also has that Cynthia aura plus Pretty Banks, Sheila Gashumba, etc. Even though I reconnected with Xnthi via Facebook at the turn of the 2010s, I did not see her again until Tuesday 12th February 2019 on the hyper-straight Arua Avenue at the Ediofe Road Junction walking southwards with a darkskinned female friend, three days after dreaming about her. I smiled like the sun was shining on me in the afternoon before rush hour; it was the same day Onduparaka drew 0-0 with URA FC. Obsession is not a crime, just harness it like human solar electricity. Rejection or Disconnection is Redirection; too much love will heal you. Love is infinite and the Greatest Thing: I admired Cynthia's supadupa fluency at a very tender age of 6-11 and felt inspired to polish my own linguistics by reading Lugbara afresh since I learnt my mother tongue in Busoga (Birth to 11 years) and Buganda only by listening to Lugbara people talk. Even though I spoke and understood it, I couldn't transcribe Lugbara well like English but when I met our Mt. Wati Road (Arua) neighbour's adorable brownskinned daughter, I was motivated to re-study this vernacular from northwestern Uganda in black and white (using music lyrics, Biblia, other literature, then a Fountain Publishers 2009 dictionary compiled by Willy Ngaka, Edward O'du'bua and Paul Iga Ongua [bought for a Twenty10 gig from Sarah Ojirot at Uganda Deaf Women's Organisation], etc). Consequently, I would perhaps grasp Lugbara the way ShaoLan Hsueh created Chineasy, then fabricate my own Synthetic Artificial Lugbara Technology (SALT), Informative Synthetic Encoder (ISE) and Ojapi Converter. Language has to be preserved through documentation and transmitted to anyone connected or interested because cultural heritage represents a collective identity of values, diversity, traditions and assets passed around from generation to generation eg my parents (James + Elizabeth Dramani) to me. Some relatives and natives would laugh at my pronunciations or choice of words but it didn't phase me. I've never been ashamed to be called Omulugwara even if it is a byword for stupidity, Naked People and backwardness among some communities. Aren't we descendants of Noah, the Flood Survivor? One day, I bypassed two dudes on Acacia Avenue in KLA and heard them speak what sounded like broken Lugbara; I reasoned later that it might have been Madi language. Also, Aringa is like Lugbara Patois or Filipino. During May 2023, someone asked me why I study Lugbara yet it is not useful and I told him not to diss my mother tongue like that; garbage or waste appears worthless until it's recycled and given value: Lugbara is a multinational language spoken mainly across three colonial borders which converge at Salia Musala (about 2 hours by car northwards from Arua City). There are nine Lugbara clans in DR Congo. I strongly believe Generative AI can learn Lugbarati and make it reuseable and applicable in various fields; Deep Learning Indaba (DLI), Hugging Face, Foundation for Lugbarati Development Initiative (FLUDI) or Lugbara GPT type-of-way. Live translation of President M7's speeches by people like Fred Bada plus other arrangements like crusades, etc can also be a reference... In December 2013, the Lugbarati Language Board proposed an Orthography Guide with 45 letters (including 7 vowels and 38 consonants). Tonal Lugbara literature with its many character symbols (accents, crosses, dashes, dots, umlauts, etc) seems advanced plus crowdily complex and scares away learners, but the simpler version shared in this wordbook is legit too... Lugbara funeral songs have been replaced with church hymns... In my Allegory of Artificial Ignorance: For machines to learn Lugbara, humans (both self-motivated and paid contributors) must train them or organise datasets for AI to decode unsupervised... Artificial Dreams (or Hallucinations) can also come true like Dreamcast... My makeshift Word Interchange Technique (WIT) from 1996 was not far-fetched afterall (feeling like Michael Jordan versus Detroit Pistons)...
8171
 
8172
  When I was in Senior 5 (during 2001), I told my hostelmates that one day there will be a radio device that converts words spoken on air into text like S2T (Speech-2-Text) and displayed on a screen. I was labelled "mulalu [Luganda for: mad]" but dreams are not hopeless; GOD's Time brings them to life for instance Google Assistant, Meet (In-chat captions), Apple's Siri, TranSay, Logbar ili, OpenAI's ChatGPT or Whisper, etc. Twitter (X) Spaces is also not very far from my Ongo (Ojapi Converter) vision. Zero-Shot Machine Translation tech is a model that can learn to translate words into another language without having to see any examples... Meta's Universal Speech Translator is a very ambitious AI research project that might improve language-mixing or Computer-Assisted Translation like Google Translate does... LaMDA (Language Model for Dialogue Applications) which Blake Lamoine labelled "sentient" was originally introduced as Meena in 2020. It's a conversational Large Language Model (LLM) built by Google... The Madi-Lugbara language is related to the languages of Southern Nigeria eg Yoruba, Igbo, Edo, Iduma, Igala, Igbira, Gbari and Nupe. In addition, we can include Ijo and Kalabari of the Niger Delta plus the Bariba - north of Yoruba and Aja (Ewe) spoken in Southern Dahomey (Benin), Togo and South-Eastern Ghana... Some people consider Lugbara a dialect of Madi but many do not accept this theory. In fact, a survey was conducted and it concluded that the Ogoko, Okollo and Rigbo dialects (which are considered Southern Madi) should be categorised as dialects of Lugbara. Besides, we share the same names, numbers and many words... In 2020, with support from the Hewlett Foundation, Sunbird AI commenced the African language technology project. They created a large multilingual parallel text dataset of Ugandan languages, with translations in Acholi, Ateso, Luganda, Lugbara and Runyankole... GeoPoll (Research organisation) also has datasets in Lugbara while JEHOVAH's Witnesses translate their publications into Lugbara (Available at www.jw.org)... It was very unreal to discover on Sunday 10th September 2023 while googling for "Lugbara AI" that the then 55 year old Google AI Lead Jeff Dean's mother speaks "fluent Lugbara"; she lived in West Nile when Jeffrey was 5 years old. I guess she knows that Lugbara is learnable by machines; Meta introduced its own AI on WhatsApp a few days later. I love the fact that it paraphrases websites rejected by Wikipedia. Mark Zuckerberg believes AI will make superintelligent multi-lingual connections possible for all. When you copy some of the BigAMBO [Words] in this dictionary and paste as a chat message to Meta AI, it can learn Ugandan Lugbara by storing patterns and fine-tuning itself even though it used a strange vocabulary as Lugbara in Twenty24 (probably Central or West African)...
8173
 
 
2
 
3
 
4
  TABLE OF CONTENTS (MENU):
5
+ Pronunciation Parameters
6
 
7
  Word Classes
8
 
 
38
 
39
 
40
  Pronunciation Parameters [Lugbara Phonology]:
41
+ Created painstakingly from scratch with gritty nerves on the 3rd Agofe's 90th birthday afternoon (Saturday 26th November 2016) and reinforced plus cleaned every year, Aiko's Lugbara Dictionary is where the Old and New meet. Use Ctrl + F (key combination) to quickly find any words you want! I'm only human and apologise in advance for any mistakes. So, corrections and suggestions are most welcome via WhatsApp: +256-781-345712 or Email: aikoug@gmail.com! I ask the Holy Spirit to guide me in the name of JESUS!
42
 
43
+ Every Lugbara word ends with one of the five vowels eg nyanya = tomato; mucele = rice; karoti = carrot; ovakedo = avocado; osu = bean. Letters Q [Kya] and X [Eksa, Alamakanda in Aringa dialect] are not used but four unique ones with an apostrophe are added: 'B, 'D, 'W and 'Y (which all sound like putting H after them though personal names omit the apostrophe). The 28 letters in the Simplified Lugbara Alphabet sound like this: Ah, Ba, Bha, Cha, Da, Dha, Eh, Fa, Ga, Ha, Ii (as in Inn), Ja, Ka, La, Ma, Na, Oh, Pa, Ra, Sa, Ta, Uw (as in yoU), Va, Wa, Wha, Ya, Yha, Za. The original Vocabulary was small because some words have multiple meanings based on three major tones (to five including rising and falling), pronunciation or context eg ai can mean salt (high tone); accept, pray (mid tone); ask (low tone) while ti can mean cow; to drip; mouth, language; to produce and so on. However, new words keep being added to the existing language eg komputa = computer; simu = phone; etc. Most nouns can denote both singular and plural (though adding yi after them also does); exceptions include mva [child] which becomes anzi [children]; etc. Adding suffixes -jo, -ko, -ru, -si and -yo to nouns creates new words; verbs also have -ku, -ma, -nga, -ta, -za and -zu. Adjectives follow the Subject eg buku eka = red book. In the entries ahead, semi-colon (;) shows different tones and meanings while goal brackets [] show translation. Lugbara sentences in past tense are structured using the Subject-Verb-Object arrangement like in English, but present continuous and future tenses follow S-O-V though nga [will, shall] is added after the Subject to mark the difference eg YESU ni (nga) 'ba onzi pa [JESUS (will) save sinners]. When words are written together, the intended meanings may not change; so be very keen to spot the mashups...
44
 
45
+ Some words are borrowed or modified from English plus other languages like Swahili, Luganda, Lingala, etc. Lugbara words are written the same way they are pronounced; repeated letters especially consonants look redundant eg Vurra, Oluffe, Ofudde, Owaffa, Mekki, etc unless very special and meaningful (What you see is what you get)! Diphthong clusters and other noteworthy phonetics include the following:
46
 
47
  a as in rat, for example leta-a
48
 
 
215
 
216
  acikulu (n) charcoal
217
 
218
+ Acile (n) male-given name meaning "Like light" eg Acile oja Abairo Yikuru engazu eli 2006. = Acile changed Abairo Falls since 2006.
219
 
220
  acita (n) movement (also aciza)
221
 
 
2937
 
2938
  ima (n) owl; (pron) his/ her/ its (also i-ma, archaic 'ima)
2939
 
2940
+ imba (n) net; (v) teach; harden eg Mayokia ni 'ba imba Maracha Sekondari-a. = Mayokia teaches (people) at Maracha Secondary.
2941
 
2942
  imba 'ba (n) teachers, educators, instructors, tutors, mentors
2943
 
 
2963
 
2964
  imu (phr v) come; mix eg Mi imu mavu! = Come to me!
2965
 
2966
+ Imvuatiluru (n) waterfalls on top of which Kuluva Dam was built, accessed through Ushindi
2967
+
2968
  ina (v) appear eg Joni Rambo ina ase-a. = John Rambo appeared in the bush.
2969
 
2970
  inata (n) appearance
 
3735
 
3736
  Latini (n) Latin
3737
 
3738
+ layini (n) line (also leni)
3739
 
3740
  layini dria (adv) online
3741
 
 
3773
 
3774
  leuta (n) food cover
3775
 
3776
+ li (n) thigh; (v) cut, mop, clean, judge; roll (eg ball), blow (said of wind) eg Eri jo ma ale li. = She is mopping the house-floor.
3777
 
3778
  li 'ba (v) covet
3779
 
3780
+ li ti (phr) interrupt sb talking (idiom), directly translated: cut mouth eg Foksi li ma ti. = Foxy interrupted my speech.
3781
 
3782
  lico (n) home (in Aringa dialect/ also licho, licoga, lichoga); kraal
3783
 
 
3803
 
3804
  liza (n) cutting, slaughtering, judgement, mopping, cleaning, rolling
3805
 
3806
+ lo (v) harvest (cereals), slaughter eg Adriko ni ti lo. = Adriko is slaughtering a cow.
3807
 
3808
  Lobule (n) village and subcounty in Koboko near Tara (also Lubule)
3809
 
 
3849
 
3850
  loza (n) harvest
3851
 
3852
+ lu (adv) just, only, exactly; (v) look, see (also ilu), make a hole through something eg Arua ni lu aluzaru! = Arua is just sweet!
3853
 
3854
  Lu (n) Lugbara dialect in DR Congo
3855
 
 
3857
 
3858
  ludo (n) ludo game, gambling using dice eg Karile yi ludo avi. = The youth are playing ludo.
3859
 
3860
+ lufe (n) mingling stick (also olufe)
3861
 
3862
  Luganda (n) language of Buganda Kingdom
3863
 
 
3917
 
3918
  ma-i (pron) me
3919
 
3920
+ ma vutia (adv) onwards, after eg "Natascha Kampusch" apa o'du 3096 ma vutia. = Natascha Kampusch ran away after 3096 days.
3921
 
3922
  maaku (n) potato eg Kristini ni maaku nya 'biko tro; eri ma ale ni su maaku si. = Christine is eating potatoes with the outer skin; her stomach aches because of potatoes.
3923
 
 
3953
 
3954
  magineti (n) magnet
3955
 
3956
+ maiki (n) microphone, Public Address System (also maikirofoni, guke) eg Eri maiki ayu "Maracha Action For Development (MAFORD)" ma mitingi-a. = S/he is using a microphone in the Maracha Action For Development (MAFORD) meeting.
3957
 
3958
  mailo (n) mile
3959
 
 
4049
 
4050
  maskiti (n) mosque, masjid (also masjidi) eg Omari ni mu maskiti-a. = Omar is going to the mosque.
4051
 
4052
+ matemvu (n) drunkard
4053
 
4054
  matu (n) misery, sadness, sorrow (also candi)
4055
 
 
4063
 
4064
  Maye! (injerj) Oh my, Oh no, I'm sorry!
4065
 
4066
+ mayuni (n) yam (also ayu, gurunya, girinya, likinya) eg Mayokia ni mayuni le. = Mayokia is like a yam.
4067
 
4068
  maza (adj) rotten, decayed
4069
 
 
4093
 
4094
  mbele mbele (adv) quickly (also mbeleko cici)
4095
 
4096
+ mbeta (n) ring, like empeta in Luganda
4097
 
4098
  mbi (v) have sex or sexual intercourse, fuck, make love, copulate, mate, bonk, shaft eg 'Ba mbi o'du 1 mba 7 si! = Let us have sex on 1st July!
4099
 
 
4295
 
4296
  mundrokole (n) leafy vegetable (also warila without beans)
4297
 
4298
+ Mundu (n) English, European, Western, white person (also Muzungu), name given to Lugbara Tribe before migrating from Nigeria eg "John Middleton" ni Mundu. = John Middleton is a White.
4299
 
4300
+ Mundu ti (n) English language (also Ogarabati, Inglishi, Anyafio ti), one of the Most Spoken Languages in Africa alongside Arabic eg Katimbo ma Oku ni Mundu ti imba. = Mrs. Katimbo teaches English.
4301
 
4302
  Munduganda (n) half-breed of a European and Muganda, Lugbara who prefers speaking only English or a European tongue and Luganda
4303
 
4304
+ MUNGU (n) YHWH, YAHWEH, YAH, JEHOVAH, JAH, GOD [preferred Christian name instead of ADRO, borrowed from Swahili], GOTT, DIEU, SHANGDI, PAPA GOD, ALLAH, KATONDA, MOST HIGH eg MUNGU ni ambo! = GOD is great!
4305
 
4306
  MUNGU ka lera (phr) if GOD wills, inshaALLAH
4307
 
 
4309
 
4310
  mungua (n) small god, idol
4311
 
4312
+ Mungueconi (n) male-given name meaning "GOD is the one who can" (also shortened to Econi)
4313
 
4314
  Munguniamabe (n) name meaning "GOD is with us" (also shortened to Amabe)
4315
 
4316
+ muni (n) type of chilli, red and round chilli eg Sentongo nya muni. = Sentongo ate muni chilli.
4317
 
4318
  Muni (n) suburb south of Arua City and east of Ewuata, location of Muni University, Muni National TTC, St. Luke Church of Uganda, Muni Girls S.S. and PSO Centre
4319
 
 
4343
 
4344
  musipi (n) belt
4345
 
4346
+ musoro (n) tariff, (graduated) tax eg Matayo ni musoro tra "URA" ni. = Matthew collects tax for URA.
4347
 
4348
  Musu? (interj) Really?, Sure?
4349
 
 
4365
 
4366
  muze (n) old man, dad, granny
4367
 
4368
+ Muzungu (n) White person, Englishman, European (also Mundu)
4369
 
4370
  mva (adj) halfway, not full, half full, (n) baby, kid, child (also mvamva, mgba in Terego dialect) eg Agastya, mva eli be 11 India-a de univasiti. = Agastya, an 11 year old kid in India finished university.
4371
 
 
4385
 
4386
  mvu (v) drink eg Aleksi ni Pepsi mvu. = Alex is drinking Pepsi.
4387
 
4388
+ mvuta (n) drinking
4389
+
4390
  mvuzaru (adj, n) drinkable
4391
 
4392
 
 
4415
 
4416
  nda (v) search, look for, find
4417
 
4418
+ ndanda (n) type of rat with long mouth and bad smell (also jojoa)
4419
 
4420
  ndara (n) xylophone, percussion musical instrument made from banana stems or eucalyptus wood and played on the ground during annual Ndara Music & Dance Festivals that used to be held at the end of the year for instance in Awindiri where Shell Petrol Station and adjacent shops are now
4421
 
4422
  ndaza ru (adj, n) becoming rare
4423
 
4424
+ nde (def. art) the; (v) win, defeat; deny sb sth eg Aseno nde Manchesta Unaitedi 1-0 (Alu-Toko). = Arsenal defeated Manchester United 1-0.
4425
 
4426
  nde nde (n) palm tree leaves
4427
 
 
4447
 
4448
  ndra (v) gaze at, pour out water slowly to separate residue from the wanted content
4449
 
4450
+ ndrandra (n) type of grass that cuts you when you come into contact with it
4451
 
4452
  ndrazu (adv) for pouring out water slowly to separate residue from the wanted content
4453
 
 
4455
 
4456
  ndremasi (n) witness (also ndremaazi)
4457
 
4458
+ ndri (adj) beautiful (also ndriza), (n) beauty (also ndrita); goat eg Vikitoria ndri! = Victoria is beautiful!
4459
+
4460
+ ndrizaru (adj) beautiful eg Nakyeyune ni ndrizaru! = Nakyeyune is beautiful!
4461
 
4462
  ndro (v) gossip eg Redi Pepa ni 'ba ndro. = Red Pepper gossips about people.
4463
 
 
4519
 
4520
  ngoti (n) offspring
4521
 
4522
+ ngu (v) hate, smell, stink, fatten
4523
 
4524
  nguari? (adv) when?, from where? (also a'dungare, a'dungari?)
4525
 
 
4529
 
4530
  ngulupi (pron) self eg ima ngulupi = himself
4531
 
4532
+ ngungu (adj) smelly (also nguzaru)
4533
+
4534
  ngurube (v) pig eg Ngurube ma eza alu alu. = Pig meat (pork) is tasty.
4535
 
4536
  ngurunguru (n) complaint(s) (also onota)
 
4549
 
4550
  niri (prep) for, (suffix) 's (showing possession) eg Golo alu Aseno niri ca kopo 'duzu ku. = Arsenal's one goal was not enough to lift the cup.
4551
 
4552
+ nita (n) knowledge; ripening
4553
 
4554
  niza (adj) ripe, dark
4555
 
 
4677
 
4678
  nzeta (n) combing, sneaking, communicating, communication, subtracting, subtraction, talking, uprooting (also nzeza)
4679
 
4680
+ nzi (v) jeer, squeeze, strangle; open eg Stela nzi bongo aja etu-a. = Stella squeezed the clothes for laying in the sun.
4681
 
4682
  nzila (n) road (also gerika)
4683
 
 
4689
 
4690
  nzoko (n) tree that can grow on another
4691
 
4692
+ nzonzo (adj) slippery (also nzolanzola, nzozaru)
4693
 
4694
  nzota (n) slipping, sliding, skidding, unshelling
4695
 
 
4757
 
4758
  o'bita (n) trial
4759
 
4760
+ o'biti (adv) morning (also o'bitisi, o'butisi in another dialect) eg Olivia Uganda ni "Host TV" ma programu-a o'biti si. = Oliviah Uganda is on Host TV's program in the morning.
4761
 
4762
  o'bo (n) boat (also oguru) eg Nakato ni o'bo-a. = Nakato is in a boat.
4763
 
 
4821
 
4822
  ode (adj) young
4823
 
4824
+ odekule (n) baby (also odekua, odekele, bebi)
4825
 
4826
  odhu (n) leopard (also o'du)
4827
 
 
4833
 
4834
  odo (v) handle carefully
4835
 
4836
+ odolo (n) tree that bears long suspended fruits
4837
 
4838
  odra (n) local beer that has stayed overnight, bamboo; death
4839
 
 
4947
 
4948
  oga (v) crawl, hatch, stop; (n) tick (also ogalili), big man (borrowed from the Igbo language of Nigeria)
4949
 
4950
+ oga ci ma ejea (n) style of bicycle riding through the frame and under the crossbar especially by short or young people without occupying the seat (also oga ci ma loma-a [literally The tick has bitten me in the abdomen/ rib])
4951
 
4952
  ogara (n) axe
4953
 
 
4997
 
4998
  ohorokoto (n) empty shell
4999
 
5000
+ oi (n) kind of fleshy fish, (v) dry; hang, tether, tie eg a goat eg Oi alu ambamba! = Oi fish is very tasty!
5001
 
5002
  oiza (n) dry
5003
 
 
5005
 
5006
  ojapi (n) converter (also ojapiri), translator, changer, hatcher, inverter, turner, transcriber
5007
 
5008
+ Ojapi (n) clan and locality, now Ulupi Parish, (previously within Tara then) Ajira Subcounty (Maracha East Constituency), futuristic technology that converts Lugbara to English eg Ma enga Ojapi-a. = I'm from Ojapi.
5009
 
5010
  ojata (n) exchange, change (also ojaza), translation, shift eg Mi iji ojata! = Bring change!
5011
 
 
5031
 
5032
  ojizaru (adv) taken, delivered, washed, bathed
5033
 
5034
+ ojo (n) issue, topic (also e'yo); heavy sauce made from beans and groundnut or simsim paste; mashed mutere mixed with cowpeas (also o'yoo, ojogo); medical practitioner (also dakitari, daktari), local medicineman or woman, witchdoctor (also ojoo), grasshopper with purple shades; (v) talk (also jo in Maracha and Aringa dialect)
 
 
5035
 
5036
  oju (n) twins (also eju)
5037
 
 
5063
 
5064
  Okokoro (n) trading centre in Maracha on Koboko Highway after River Imve
5065
 
5066
+ Okolo (n) Madi-Okollo, county south of Arua District, place that used to welcome travellers to Arua
5067
+
5068
  okondo (n) ostrich
5069
 
5070
  Okoro (n) county near the DR Congo Border, south of Vurra
 
5083
 
5084
  okporovu (n) pregnancy, pregnant person
5085
 
5086
+ okporovuru (adj) pregnant
5087
+
5088
  okporu (adj) strong
5089
 
5090
  Okpova (n) open green space with natural stones acting as seats under the tamarind trees next to Arua Central Police Station. It's where Ayivu elders sat and resolved issues affecting them, carried out cleansing rituals and curses too
 
5115
 
5116
  okuzaru (adv) collected, gathered
5117
 
5118
+ ola (n) root; cassava (also gbanda eg ariwara, otongolo, mabere, yakobo, sanje, olamu, abiria, namulonge, etc); (v) lie down
5119
 
5120
  ola fura (n) cassava flour
5121
 
5122
  olakula (n) restlessness, curiosity
5123
 
5124
+ olangi (n) bell, gong
5125
 
5126
  ole (adj) clean, bare, (n) witchcraft in the heart, bad heart, indignation, moral anger, Parallax; (v) trick, deceive
5127
 
5128
  Oleba (n) subcounty in Maracha near DR Congo Border
5129
 
5130
+ oleo (n) witch, sorceror, wizard eg Oleo Grini ma mile iri ndundu. = The Green Witch's two eyes are different.
5131
 
5132
  Olewa Yikuru (n) water falling about 10 metres from River Enyau as it descends towards River Nile at the foothill of Mount Wati eg Maandebo ni Olewa Yikuru-a. = Maandebo is at Olewa Falls.
5133
 
 
5205
 
5206
  Ombizoku Alubati (n) Lake Albert (locally called Mwitanzigye)
5207
 
5208
+ Ombokolo (n) place in DRC, Koboko and Mvara (Arua)
5209
 
5210
  ombu (v) jump, hop
5211
 
 
5281
 
5282
  ondre ta (n) evening meal
5283
 
 
 
5284
  ondreondre (n) white ants harvested immediately after dusk from 7:30-8:30pm (also andre)
5285
 
5286
+ ondresi (adv) by evening (also ondrealesi), in the evening
5287
+
5288
  ondreta (n) supervision, checking (ondreza)
5289
 
5290
  ondrezaru (n) checked, supervised
 
5379
 
5380
  onzivu (n) ugliness
5381
 
5382
+ Onzivu (n) suburb south of Arua City after Sambya and Awindiri; narrow street between Arua Avenue and Transport Road joining Rhino Camp Road to Hospital Road eg Ize ni ta ra Onzivu Geri-a. = Faeces used to flow on Onzivu Street.
5383
 
5384
  onzivuru (adj) ugly
5385
 
 
5421
 
5422
  opezaru (adv) selected, chosen
5423
 
5424
+ opi (n) chief, chieftainship, king; wing(s), (v) swell; peel, unshell eg YESU ni opi ma Opi. = JESUS is the King of kings.
5425
 
5426
  Opi ma ndrita ma ovu mibe! (greeting) May the glory of the LORD be with you!
5427
 
 
5491
 
5492
  orodri (n) profit, benefit, gain, use(fulness) eg Afa MUNGU ni le amavu ri, (eri orindi ni); rua ma orodri yo, (eri nga ma ra)! = What GOD wants from us, (it is the spirit); the body is useless, (it will rot)!
5493
 
5494
+ orodriru (adj) profitable, gainful, beneficial
5495
 
5496
  oromi (n) nine eg Aseni Wenga nde kopo ku eli oromi engazu 2005 pere 2014. = Arsene Wenger did not win a cup for nine years since 2005 up to 2014.
5497
 
 
5529
 
5530
  oso (n) fat; pole with sth sharp
5531
 
5532
+ osofi (n) protruding middle part of the upper lip
5533
+
5534
  osolo (n) mucus-like substance that comes from chest while coughing, sputum
5535
 
5536
  osoroko (n) old clothes
 
5551
 
5552
  osuta (n) miracle, marvel (also osuza)
5553
 
5554
+ osutaru (adj) marvelous, miraculous (also osuzaru) eg Onduparaka "FC" ma rukuza osutaru. = Onduparaka FC's fame is marvelous.
5555
 
5556
  ota (v) sympathise, show pity
5557
 
 
5583
 
5584
  otiza ambori (n) chapter
5585
 
5586
+ oto (n) wild hare, domestic rabbit (also eto[o])
5587
+
5588
  otoko (n) anthill (also otoo)
5589
 
5590
  otongolo (n) type of poisonous cassava tuber
5591
 
5592
  otonoko (n) kind of bird with a very long neck
5593
 
 
 
5594
  otra (v) fold, roll
5595
 
5596
  otralaku (n) small anthill
 
5605
 
5606
  otrenga (n) shouting (also otreta, otreza)
5607
 
5608
+ otri (v) curse, rub, scrub eg Morini otri abi. = Maureen rubbed the wall.
5609
 
5610
  otrikutri (adj) dirty
5611
 
 
5671
 
5672
  owi (n) dawn; (v) spit, make sacrifice, peel, unshell
5673
 
5674
+ Owinyi (n) Owiny, village in Pakwach that was calculated as the Best Venue on Earth for viewing the Sunday 3rd November 2013 Total Solar Eclipse
5675
 
5676
  owita (n) sacrifice, peeling, unshelling (also owiza)
5677
 
 
5705
 
5706
  oyiza (adj) thin (also oyizaru)
5707
 
5708
+ oyo (n) oath; monkey
5709
 
5710
  oyokolo (n) whisper
5711
 
 
 
5712
  oyoro (n) rags
5713
 
5714
  oyu (n) mole; (v) announce eg Elekitoro Komisoni ma ambo Injinia Badru Kigundu oyu kalulu ma o'du. = Electoral Commission boss Engineer Badru Kiggundu announced the election date.
 
5721
 
5722
  oza (v) sting, shout
5723
 
5724
+ ozeze (n) second hand clothes (also ozeze)
5725
 
5726
  oze (v) push down
5727
 
 
5731
 
5732
  ozizia (n) interview, questions
5733
 
5734
+ ozo (n) rain (also ozoo); (v) roast eg Ozo yi ni idri! = Rainwater is life!
 
 
5735
 
5736
+ ozo opi (n) king of the rain, most important figure in Lugbara politics, chief custodian of clan property
5737
 
5738
+ ozoforo (n) grey hair
5739
 
5740
+ ozoza (adj) roasted, (n) roast (also ozo)
5741
 
5742
  ozozaru (adj) roasted
5743
 
 
5753
  Pp
5754
  pa (n) leg; (v) knock eg door, crucify, nail, rob, save eg Kathi ni i-pa tri. = Cathy is brushing her foot.
5755
 
5756
+ pa ale (adv) times (also paale, pale), (n) inside or sole of the foot eg Mvu iwa pa ale su Aje Were Anguiwani (Maracha)-a. = S/he drank alcohol four times at Aje Were Bar (Maracha).
5757
 
5758
  pa dria (adj) standing (literally on top of leg)
5759
 
 
5761
 
5762
  paago (n) big toe
5763
 
 
 
5764
  paanzi (n) toes
5765
 
5766
  padre (n) priest eg Joeli Obetia ni padre. = Joel Obetia is a priest.
 
5955
 
5956
  puru (adj) quick, fast
5957
 
5958
+ purupuru (adv) carelessly, quickly
5959
+
5960
  putuku (n) cooked leg or hoof of a cow (also mulokoni) eg Salimu nya putuku. = Salim ate the cowhoof.
5961
 
5962
 
 
6165
 
6166
  sayansi (n) science
6167
 
6168
+ se (v) breathe, pull, flat(ten), level, smoke (also see), (adj) elastic (also sese, pakadili)
6169
 
6170
  Sebei (n) Sebei eg Chemutai ni Sebei. = Chemutai is a Sebei.
6171
 
 
6475
 
6476
  theata (n) theatre
6477
 
6478
+ ti (adj) in vain; (n) cow, heads of cattle; sound of dropping liquid, hang (oneself); mouth (also tile), language, dialect, periphery, edge, opening, proximity, adjacency; (v) dress smartly, thatch, sign, press a button, leap, hop; give birth, deliver, replicate, multiply, reproduce eg Ti Yuganda-a lu towi: Bantu, Luo, Karamojong-Ateso, Madi-Lugbara azini Azia. = There are only five languages in Uganda: Bantu, Luo, Karamojong-Ateso, Madi-Lugbara and Asian.
6479
 
6480
  ti aroni (n) cow, heifer
6481
 
 
6507
 
6508
  tingatinga amvu 'yapiri (n) tractor machine, handheld plougher that can use 3 litres of oil for 3 acres
6509
 
6510
+ tinzeta (n) speaking, spoken language (also tinzeza) eg "BBC" ni tinzeta imba. = BBC teaches spoken language.
 
 
6511
 
6512
  tipa (n) tipper truck eg 'Ba da sende tawuni-a tipasi. = Money was poured (or dumped) in (the) town using a tipper.
6513
 
 
6593
  Uu [shares some words with Oo]
6594
  ubalako (n) fox (also obalako, oboloko)
6595
 
6596
+ Uganda (n) East African country where I was born (pronounced Uwganda), Pearl of Africa (also Yuganda)
6597
 
6598
  Uhuru Geri (n) Independence Road starts from the Arua Hill Roundabout and extends along the foot of Arua Hill eg Karungi ni azi nga Uhuru Geri-a. = Karungi works on Independence Road.
6599
 
 
7901
 
7902
  Logiri (Vurra) = Ago [Pumpkin]/ Oboloko [Fox]
7903
 
7904
+ Madi Adjumani (East Moyo) = Au ago [White cock, Rooster]
7905
 
7906
+ Madi Moyo = Au logo
7907
 
7908
+ Madi Okollo = Ndri [Goat]/ Aswa (Translated to Luganda: Enswa) [White ants mixed in paste like kumura]
7909
 
7910
  Maracha = Kulu, Ise [Locust (Swarming grasshopper), Common Grasshopper known as Nsenene]
7911
 
 
7983
 
7984
  "Mucele ma ru Lugbara tisi ngoni... Borehole ma ru? Ma adripi borehole ma ru Lugbara tisi mani ma oku niri semenikia adreni chuma (yini) ku, enzo onzi! You have given me wrong answers, please brother, don't lie people, thanks..." - 0772-978078 (Batista Atrici)
7985
 
7986
+ "Your brain is working..." - Daphine Anicia, studying Fine Art in Lira
7987
+
7988
  "I'm Susan from Abim, I love singing hymn 7 in the Uganda Youth Praise but I don't know the meaning since it's in Lugbara. I got ur number from the internet. Let me share with you the song.// Wow, remain blessed my brother..." - Susan Joyce Akidi (a Karamojong) in April 2023
7989
 
7990
  "I'm a Lugbara but raised in another place (Kampala) so I just want to practise it en as I was on Google I came across ur dictionary en I got ur number for more help... I still know some few words though sometimes making sentences is hard for me... If you have some Lugbara gospel or worship u can send me..." - 0780-809251 (Dennis), on Monday 26th June 2023
 
8135
 
8136
  Alarm [Lulu]
8137
 
8138
+ Battery Full [Ero Tre]
8139
+
8140
  Facebook [Fesibuku]
8141
 
8142
  WhatsApp [WatsApu]
 
8177
 
8178
 
8179
  LOST IN TRANSLATION (like Leta SI [Synthetic Imagination]):
8180
+ This Lugbara Dictionary research documentation is inspired by (and dedicated to) Cynthia Letasi, aka Rejoice (The Beauty-full One and Green Riding Hood born on Thursday 17th August 1995; now Mrs. Mungufeni) who changed my worldview like a Kumari in the Orient or Divine Feminine between 2001-6; made me feel like Bob Harris in Arua (Not Japan). To be honest, she was my first true superhigh crush within Arua (West Nile) though I never told her my exact reality for years (just tried to show it through countless, unapologetic actions until she boldly confessed something I will treasure until infinity) plus resembles Tonto Dikeh (Nigerian), Sheebah Karungi and Betty Mpologoma as well as Spice Diana who automatically became my all-time favourites. Queenie, one of the lead vocalists in Miracle Cathedral Rubaga's Proclaim Music choir also has that Cynthia aura plus Pretty Banks, Sheila Gashumba, etc. Even though I reconnected with Xnthi via Facebook at the turn of the 2010s, I did not see her again until Tuesday 12th February 2019 on the hyper-straight Arua Avenue at the Ediofe Road Junction walking southwards with a darkskinned female friend, three days after dreaming about her. I smiled like the sun was shining on me in the afternoon before rush hour; it was the same day Onduparaka drew 0-0 with URA FC. Obsession is not a crime, just harness it like human solar electricity. Rejection or Disconnection is Redirection; too much love will heal you. Love is indestructible and the Greatest Thing: I admired Cynthia's supadupa fluency at a very tender age of 6-11 and felt inspired to polish my own linguistics by reading Lugbara afresh since I learnt my mother tongue in Busoga (Birth to 11 years) and Buganda only by listening to Lugbara people talk. Even though I spoke and understood it, I couldn't transcribe Lugbara well like English but when I met our Mt. Wati Road (Arua) neighbour's adorable brownskinned daughter, I was motivated to re-study this vernacular from northwestern Uganda in black and white (using music lyrics, Biblia, other literature, then a Fountain Publishers 2009 dictionary compiled by Willy Ngaka, Edward O'du'bua and Paul Iga Ongua [bought for a Twenty10 gig from Sarah Ojirot at Uganda Deaf Women's Organisation], etc). Consequently, I would perhaps grasp Lugbara the way ShaoLan Hsueh created Chineasy, then fabricate my own Synthetic Artificial Lugbara Technology (SALT), Informative Synthetic Encoder (ISE) and Ojapi Converter. Language has to be preserved through documentation and transmitted to anyone connected or interested because cultural heritage represents a collective identity of values, diversity, traditions and assets passed around from generation to generation eg my parents (James + Elizabeth Dramani) to me, though my mother departed in Twenty22 (during Volume 7). Some relatives and natives would laugh at my pronunciations or choice of words but it didn't phase me. I've never been ashamed to be called Omulugwara even if it is a byword for stupidity, Naked People and backwardness among some communities. Aren't we descendants of Noah, the Flood Survivor? One day, I bypassed two dudes on Acacia Avenue in KLA and heard them speak what sounded like broken Lugbara; I reasoned later that it might have been Madi language. Also, Aringa is like Lugbara Patois or Filipino. During May 2023, someone asked me why I study Lugbara yet it is not useful and I told him not to diss my mother tongue like that; garbage or waste appears worthless until it's recycled and given value: Lugbara is a multinational language spoken mainly across three colonial borders which converge at Salia Musala (about 2 hours by car northwards from Arua City). There are nine Lugbara clans in DR Congo. I strongly believe Generative AI can learn Lugbarati and make it reuseable and applicable in various fields; Deep Learning Indaba (DLI), Hugging Face, Foundation for Lugbarati Development Initiative (FLUDI) or Lugbara GPT type-of-way. Live translation of President M7's speeches by people like Fred Bada plus other arrangements like crusades, etc can also be a reference... In December 2013, the Lugbarati Language Board proposed an Orthography Guide with 45 letters (including 7 vowels and 38 consonants). Tonal Lugbara literature with its many character symbols (accents, crosses, dashes, dots, umlauts, etc) seems advanced plus crowdily complex and scares away learners, but the simpler version shared in this wordbook is legit too... Lugbara funeral songs have been replaced with church hymns... In my Allegory of Artificial Ignorance: For machines to learn Lugbara, humans (both self-motivated and paid contributors) must train them or organise datasets for AI to decode unsupervised... Artificial Dreams (or Hallucinations) can also come true like Dreamcast... My makeshift Word Interchange Technique (WIT) from 1996 was not far-fetched afterall (feeling like Michael Jordan versus Detroit Pistons)...
8181
 
8182
  When I was in Senior 5 (during 2001), I told my hostelmates that one day there will be a radio device that converts words spoken on air into text like S2T (Speech-2-Text) and displayed on a screen. I was labelled "mulalu [Luganda for: mad]" but dreams are not hopeless; GOD's Time brings them to life for instance Google Assistant, Meet (In-chat captions), Apple's Siri, TranSay, Logbar ili, OpenAI's ChatGPT or Whisper, etc. Twitter (X) Spaces is also not very far from my Ongo (Ojapi Converter) vision. Zero-Shot Machine Translation tech is a model that can learn to translate words into another language without having to see any examples... Meta's Universal Speech Translator is a very ambitious AI research project that might improve language-mixing or Computer-Assisted Translation like Google Translate does... LaMDA (Language Model for Dialogue Applications) which Blake Lamoine labelled "sentient" was originally introduced as Meena in 2020. It's a conversational Large Language Model (LLM) built by Google... The Madi-Lugbara language is related to the languages of Southern Nigeria eg Yoruba, Igbo, Edo, Iduma, Igala, Igbira, Gbari and Nupe. In addition, we can include Ijo and Kalabari of the Niger Delta plus the Bariba - north of Yoruba and Aja (Ewe) spoken in Southern Dahomey (Benin), Togo and South-Eastern Ghana... Some people consider Lugbara a dialect of Madi but many do not accept this theory. In fact, a survey was conducted and it concluded that the Ogoko, Okollo and Rigbo dialects (which are considered Southern Madi) should be categorised as dialects of Lugbara. Besides, we share the same names, numbers and many words... In 2020, with support from the Hewlett Foundation, Sunbird AI commenced the African language technology project. They created a large multilingual parallel text dataset of Ugandan languages, with translations in Acholi, Ateso, Luganda, Lugbara and Runyankole... GeoPoll (Research organisation) also has datasets in Lugbara while JEHOVAH's Witnesses translate their publications into Lugbara (Available at www.jw.org)... It was very unreal to discover on Sunday 10th September 2023 while googling for "Lugbara AI" that the then 55 year old Google AI Lead Jeff Dean's mother speaks "fluent Lugbara"; she lived in West Nile when Jeffrey was 5 years old. I guess she knows that Lugbara is learnable by machines; Meta introduced its own AI on WhatsApp a few days later. I love the fact that it paraphrases websites rejected by Wikipedia. Mark Zuckerberg believes AI will make superintelligent multi-lingual connections possible for all. When you copy some of the BigAMBO [Words] in this dictionary and paste as a chat message to Meta AI, it can learn Ugandan Lugbara by storing patterns and fine-tuning itself even though it used a strange vocabulary as Lugbara in Twenty24 (probably Central or West African)...
8183