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c_9tv9qiv2kc8o | In modern warfare, some vehicles used by police tactical units, counterterrorists, and special forces can be fitted with mechanical assault ladders with ramps. These are essentially modern siege towers with elements of escalade ladders, and are used to raid a structure through its upper levels. These assault ladders ar... | Siege towers |
c_45dlce1m6vo5 | On 1 March 2007, police officers entered Ungdomshuset in Copenhagen, Denmark using boom cranes in a manner similar to siege towers. The officers were placed in containers that the crane operators raised and placed against the structure's windows, from which the officers then entered. == See also == | Siege towers |
c_i1s7mpesbdcm | In modern warfare, towed artillery has given way in part to self-propelled artillery. It is also common to find auxiliary power units built into the gun carriage to provide power while the propulsion engine is offline. Traditional towed artillery can still be found in units where complexity and weight are liabilities: ... | Artillery tractor |
c_q6qkq70slcdx | In such units, where organic transport is usually limited, any available transport can double as artillery tractors in order to reposition guns when needed. For example, engineer vehicles of a different primary purpose such as the U.S. Marines' Light Capacity Rough Terrain Forklift (LCRTF), a versatile telehandler fork... | Artillery tractor |
c_wj5s7ge8ef5j | In modern western music (from the 18th century onward), the Phrygian mode is related to the modern natural minor scale, also known as the Aeolian mode, but with the second scale degree lowered by a semitone, making it a minor second above the tonic, rather than a major second. The following is the Phrygian mode startin... | Phrygian mode |
c_h5oh2npvtdkm | In modern western politics, some people believe that exclusive ownership of property underlies much social injustice, and facilitates tyranny and oppression on an individual and societal scale. Others consider the striving to achieve greater ownership of wealth as the driving factor behind human technological advanceme... | Right of ownership |
c_2nvhnlp1frhw | In modern wood carving, the style is also called spoon carving. The style is traditional in the folk art of many countries. Patterns can be free form style or based on geometric figures. In America it is mostly used with basswood, butternut, pine, or mahogany. Chip carving knives can also be used for whittling, cabinet... | Chip carving |
c_s5pcmeqlo1k4 | In modern wood construction, sills usually come in sizes of 2×4, 2×6, 2×8, and 2×10. In stick framing, the sill is made of treated lumber, and is anchored to the foundation wall, often with J-bolts, to keep the building from coming off the foundation during a severe storm or earthquake. Building codes require that the ... | Sill plate |
c_pacahpiylvkn | In modern world we use digital tools to improve the teaching-learning process. The most common tool we use in classroom these days is PowerPoint slides, which makes the class more interesting, dynamic and effective. Moreover it also helps to introduce new topics in easy way. | Audiovisual education |
c_ag8bl5sudn7c | The use of audiovisual aids makes the students to remember the concept for longer period of time. They convey the same meaning as words but it gives clear concepts thus help to bring effectiveness in learning. Integrating technology into the classroom help students to experience things virtually or vicariously. | Audiovisual education |
c_tx3vnzsxg579 | For example, if the teacher wants to give a lesson on Taj Mahal, it is possible that not all the students in India have visited the place but you can show it through a video thereby allowing the students to see the monument with their own eyes. Although the first hand experience is the best way of educative experience ... | Audiovisual education |
c_fm458nq1carm | This interactive session also develops critical thinking and reasoning that are important components of the teaching-learning process.Audiovisual provides opportunities for effective communication between teacher and students in learning. For example, in a study on English as Foreign Language (EFL) classroom, the diffi... | Audiovisual education |
c_ji76itqw2vwe | In modern world, digital computers do contribute a lot to higher speed and efficiency in data analysis. Thus, it is necessary to convert an analog signal into a digital signal by sample the signal in time domain. The operation can be realized by three devices: a digital conversion device, a dynamic range controller and... | Sonar signal processing |
c_ji3ojem0cfhm | In modern yoga as exercise, the handstand is among the inverted poses; it is known as Adho Mukha Vrksasana, Downward-facing Tree Pose. In traditional hatha yoga in the 18th and 19th centuries, the Vyayāmadipike, which calls it the "second gardam", and the Śrītattvanidhi use the handstand in a sequence involving touchin... | Hand stand |
c_n7q67iz6wuq7 | In modern, digital audio workstation-based recording environments, punching in and out can be done automatically by pre-selecting the in and out points on the timeline of the DAW. When the record button is pressed, the DAW software will play back the previously recorded track outside of these points. As soon as the pla... | Punch in/out |
c_qtt6dxr0np43 | In modern, often mobile, hydraulic systems the preferred item is a gas charged accumulator, but simple systems may be spring-loaded. There may be more than one accumulator in a system. The exact type and placement of each may be a compromise due to its effects and the costs of manufacture. An accumulator is placed clos... | Hydraulic accumulator |
c_h5x66rqqr49u | In the case of piston-type pumps this accumulator is placed in the ideal location to absorb pulsations of energy from the multi-piston pump. It also helps protect the system from fluid hammer. This protects system components, particularly pipework, from both potentially destructive forces. | Hydraulic accumulator |
c_m82qs1nl93rg | An additional benefit is the additional energy that can be stored while the pump is subject to low demand. The designer can use a smaller-capacity pump. The large excursions of system components, such as landing gear on a large aircraft, that require a considerable volume of fluid can also benefit from one or more accu... | Hydraulic accumulator |
c_hsppfvlx8rc2 | These are often placed close to the demand to help overcome restrictions and drag from long pipework runs. The outflow of energy from a discharging accumulator is much greater, for a short time, than even large pumps could generate. | Hydraulic accumulator |
c_jqrh7hqbokqj | An accumulator can maintain the pressure in a system for periods when there are slight leaks without the pump being cycled on and off constantly. When temperature changes cause pressure excursions the accumulator helps absorb them. Its size helps absorb fluid that might otherwise be locked in a small fixed system with ... | Hydraulic accumulator |
c_2apslw8qpxxn | The gas precharge in an accumulator is set so that the separating bladder, diaphragm or piston does not reach or strike either end of the operating cylinder. The design precharge normally ensures that the moving parts do not foul the ends or block fluid passages. Poor maintenance of precharge can destroy an operating a... | Hydraulic accumulator |
c_8jqrso6ou6gd | In modern, well-regulated zoos, breeding is controlled to maintain a self-sustaining, global captive population. This is not the case in some less well-regulated zoos, often based in poorer regions. Overall "stock turnover" of animals during a year in a select group of poor zoos was reported as 20%-25% with 75% of wild... | Zoo |
c_c8bwab7kqblm | The authors of the report stated that before successful breeding programs, the high mortality rate was the reason for the "massive scale of importations." One 2-year study indicated that of 19,361 mammals that left accredited zoos in the U.S. between 1992 and 1998, 7,420 (38%) went to dealers, auctions, hunting ranches... | Zoo |
c_l4kc84h27h6k | In modern-day 21st century, medicine has evolved to involve past treatments such as leech therapy, as well as advancing wound prevention and the treatment. A large part of wound care is wound treatment. This involves promoting healing, preventing infections, and getting rid of an already existent infection. Deciding on... | Wound treatment |
c_lvnl1qfy8iej | Varying from infections to burns, wound care is a priority in saving the limb, extremity, or life of a person. In a hospital or medical care setting, more severe wounds like diabetic ulcers, decubitus ulcers, and burns require sterile or clean (depending on the severity of the wound) dressings and wound care. The types... | Wound treatment |
c_ia1r9ppk3jug | All of the listed dressing types require different materials to complete the dressing. Dry dressings: these dressings are typically composed of a gauze material and used for wounds with a small amount of drainage. These dressings are good for keeping the wound covered after cleaning and to promote healing as well as ta... | Wound treatment |
c_fjeu5s9prkqq | Wet-to-dry dressings: Although some medical facilities are stepping away from these types of dressings, they are used mostly for post-surgical wound care as well as debridement of wounds. These dressings take out necrotic areas as well as infections. In this type of wound dressing, gauze is soaked in saline, placed lig... | Wound treatment |
c_48yzn6940a3h | Once the gauze dries, it can be removed. It dries onto the infection or necrotic areas to remove them. These dressings are being replaced by Wound-Vacs, which are attached to a dressing directly onto the wound, and lightly but continuously, pull and suck exudate and fluids from the wound. | Wound treatment |
c_43a8nofk73vs | Chemical-impregnated dressings: these are provided by manufacturers and they contain chemicals and agents that promote the healing process. Some of these dressings come in sheets and require secondary dressings. Foam dressings: dressings that require additional padding utilize foam pads to help absorb and provide a moi... | Wound treatment |
c_xmr2xy09jdu5 | They also act as a shield to the wound and prevent any damage from friction or pressure. They can be tricky when applying and removing due to the surrounding skin. Alginate dressings: these dressings are composed of calcium, sodium salts and also provide a moist environment for the healing process. | Wound treatment |
c_b1hnsgkz90uu | They are better used with a larger wound such as ulcers or donor sites. Hydro-fiber dressings: these dressings are similar to alginate dressings when it comes to absorbing characteristics, but they do not affect hemostasis. | Wound treatment |
c_lalt8vhaqlpv | They are composed in sheets which contain polymer carboxymethylcellulose and can be cut according to wound size and severity. However, when using these dressings, a secondary dressing is almost always required. | Wound treatment |
c_6wdpoxe7fe0x | Transparent film dressings: this specific type of dressing is more like a plastic covering for the wound. It allows oxygen to reach it and help heal but does not absorb any fluids. Transparent film dressings are used primarily on dry wounds. | Wound treatment |
c_d38tgmhvz51q | Hydrogel dressings: this type of dressing is more directed towards infected areas and those in need of a moist environment to heal properly. It helps promote the body's own natural functions of removing necrotic tissue. It is advised not to be used on dry wounds. | Wound treatment |
c_z5nyrkmso16w | Hydrocolloid dressings: unlike transparent film dressings, hydrocolloid dressings do not allow oxygen to reach the wound. It is a wet-to-dry technique but is not recommended for infected areas. | Wound treatment |
c_tcm8zys00mqy | This type of dressing can last up to 7 days with a close eye and must be removed with care. Biologically based dressings: Integra LifeSciences’ artificial skin is placed on a wound where burned or scarred skin has been removed. The two-layer membrane provides scaffolding to regrow a new layer of dermis. | Wound treatment |
c_rauycff0npwl | In modern-day American Sign Language (ASL) the gesture can mean many different things depending on how it is applied. The pinching action of the thumb-and-forefinger frequently represents something small. For example, the sign for "housefly" is made by making the gesture mimic a fly buzzing around. In ASL the gesture c... | OK gesture |
c_umduyy096ing | In modern-day Mexico there are examples of images (usually caricatures) in blackface (e.g., Memín Pinguín). Though there is backlash from international communities, Mexican society has not protested to have these images changed to racially sensitive images. On the contrary, in the controversial Memín Pinguín cartoon th... | Digital blackface |
c_jhfe0j1yuhzn | In modern-day repair and maintenance of early tube-based consumer electronics devices, a glowing plate will be rarely encountered. As a visible symptom of a destructive failure, checking for an overheated tube is essential to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the equipment undergoing maintenance. Most frequentl... | Glowing plate |
c_tjgbogavzjuf | The power supply's output may be easily disconnected from the rest of the circuit in order to determine whether the overload is occurring in the supply or elsewhere. Horizontal and vertical output tubes in television sets (6CD6, 21LU8, etc.), usually due to a shorted coupling capacitor upsetting the bias or the driving... | Glowing plate |
c_0z9hyh84nt1z | Horizontal output tubes may also be overloaded by a flyback transformer with shorted turns, a defective damper (i.e. 6W4), high voltage rectifier (i.e. 1B3) or high voltage regulator (i.e. 6BK4) tube. Early color television receivers also used a complex dynamic convergence system, which was driven by both the horizonta... | Glowing plate |
c_b150occflsvc | In modernist literature, the definition of tragedy has become less precise. The most fundamental change has been the rejection of Aristotle's dictum that true tragedy can only depict those with power and high status. Arthur Miller's essay "Tragedy and the Common Man" (1949) argues that tragedy may also depict ordinary ... | Tragedy |
c_wci37yw6j5zu | British playwright Howard Barker has argued strenuously for the rebirth of tragedy in the contemporary theatre, most notably in his volume Arguments for a Theatre. "You emerge from tragedy equipped against lies. After the musical, you're anybody's fool," he insists.Critics such as George Steiner have even been prepared... | Tragedy |
c_qq130f8k0cqg | In The Death of Tragedy (1961) George Steiner outlined the characteristics of Greek tragedy and the traditions that developed from that period. In the Foreword (1980) to a new edition of his book Steiner concluded that 'the dramas of Shakespeare are not a renascence of or a humanistic variant of the absolute tragic mod... | Tragedy |
c_8128vvdnq2iv | In modernity, local entrepreneurs and their mints gained in importance. The era saw the rise of Münzmeister dynasties, with leases that were extended over several generations. Frequently the coins bear symbols engraved by the Münzmeister, often as tiny rosettae, tools, monographs or initials. In the 17th and 18th centu... | Münzmeister |
c_zbn8sgzyuska | During the Habsburg era in Austria and Germany, the government began to establish a minting system. Austria created the office of a supreme heritable Münzmeister that provided for a sinecure without a share in profits. In Bohemia too, the supreme office of Münzmeister was held by dukes and noblemen who at the same time... | Münzmeister |
c_nlcagfafxqwx | Besides the Münzmeister, there were other minting officials, such as the master smith, the dye-cutter, and the minter. The Münzwardein (in Latin, wardinus) was tasked with making sure that minting was done properly from the right alloy. He also had to take samples that were presented to the Probationstag (sampling comm... | Münzmeister |
c_l3108f1g5anj | In modified gravity, the Einstein field equations do not hold and so these singularities do not necessarily arise. For example, in Infinite Derivative Gravity, it is possible for E a a {\displaystyle {E^{a}}_{a}} to be negative even if the Null Energy Condition holds. | Singularity theorems |
c_mk423fs86ixe | In modified policy iteration (van Nunen 1976; Puterman & Shin 1978), step one is performed once, and then step two is repeated several times. Then step one is again performed once and so on. | Markov Decision Process |
c_k7w3rnzx6830 | In modular arithmetic computation, Montgomery modular multiplication, more commonly referred to as Montgomery multiplication, is a method for performing fast modular multiplication. It was introduced in 1985 by the American mathematician Peter L. Montgomery.Montgomery modular multiplication relies on a special represen... | Montgomery modular multiplication |
c_i5ie09nt0bod | This division requires quotient digit estimation and correction. The Montgomery form, in contrast, depends on a constant R > N which is coprime to N, and the only division necessary in Montgomery multiplication is division by R. The constant R can be chosen so that division by R is easy, significantly improving the spe... | Montgomery modular multiplication |
c_6b8k05gw7l4c | The need to convert a and b into Montgomery form and their product out of Montgomery form means that computing a single product by Montgomery multiplication is slower than the conventional or Barrett reduction algorithms. However, when performing many multiplications in a row, as in modular exponentiation, intermediate... | Montgomery modular multiplication |
c_3ipw4xnufpjb | In modular arithmetic, Barrett reduction is a reduction algorithm introduced in 1986 by P.D. Barrett.A naive way of computing c = a mod n {\displaystyle c=a\,{\bmod {\,}}n\,} would be to use a fast division algorithm. Barrett reduction is an algorithm designed to optimize this operation assuming n {\displaystyle n} is ... | Barrett reduction |
c_s84mwfu33v92 | In modular arithmetic, Thue's lemma roughly states that every modular integer may be represented by a "modular fraction" such that the numerator and the denominator have absolute values not greater than the square root of the modulus. More precisely, for every pair of integers (a, m) with m > 1, given two positive inte... | Thue's lemma |
c_y48xgb10tk7y | In modular arithmetic, a number g is a primitive root modulo n if every number a coprime to n is congruent to a power of g modulo n. That is, g is a primitive root modulo n if for every integer a coprime to n, there is some integer k for which gk ≡ a (mod n). Such a value k is called the index or discrete logarithm of ... | Primitive root modulo p |
c_3aowrx8uw504 | In modular arithmetic, any unit fraction can be converted into an equivalent whole number using the extended Euclidean algorithm. This conversion can be used to perform modular division: dividing by a number x {\displaystyle x} , modulo y {\displaystyle y} , can be performed by converting the unit fraction 1 / x {\disp... | Unit fractions |
c_agwauxq9skyw | In modular arithmetic, the integers coprime (relatively prime) to n from the set { 0 , 1 , … , n − 1 } {\displaystyle \{0,1,\dots ,n-1\}} of n non-negative integers form a group under multiplication modulo n, called the multiplicative group of integers modulo n. Equivalently, the elements of this group can be thought o... | Multiplicative group of integers modulo n |
c_e4abd1094drb | In modular arithmetic, the method of successive substitution is a method of solving problems of simultaneous congruences by using the definition of the congruence equation. It is commonly applied in cases where the conditions of the Chinese remainder theorem are not satisfied. There is also an unrelated numerical-analy... | Method of successive substitution |
c_y1v8h3k1xu1t | In modular arithmetic, the set of available numbers is restricted to a finite subset of the integers, and addition "wraps around" when reaching a certain value, called the modulus. For example, the set of integers modulo 12 has twelve elements; it inherits an addition operation from the integers that is central to musi... | Addition |
c_e05qd5uys7l7 | In modular construction, modules are a bundle of redundant project components that are produced en masse prior to installation.Building components are often arranged into modules in the industrialization of construction. In industrial design, modularity refers to an engineering technique that builds larger systems by c... | Modularity |
c_p5me91b657xi | In modular programming, modularity refers to the compartmentalization and interrelation of the parts of a software package. In software design, modularity refers to a logical partitioning of the "software design" that allows complex software to be manageable for the purpose of implementation and maintenance. The logic ... | Modularity |
c_36yewy2y1qfz | In modular representation theory, and more generally in the theory of representations of finite-dimensional associative algebras A that are not semisimple, a Cartan matrix is defined by considering a (finite) set of principal indecomposable modules and writing composition series for them in terms of irreducible modules... | Cartan matrices |
c_7epc08qwbh48 | In modular representation theory, while Maschke's theorem does not hold when the characteristic divides the group order, the group algebra may be decomposed as the direct sum of a maximal collection of two-sided ideals known as blocks. When the field F has characteristic 0, or characteristic coprime to the group order,... | Modular representation |
c_p93st4nxtx2q | In module Data.Ratio (1 % 10) + (2 % 10) ⇒ 3 % 10 | Rational data type |
c_6aa3kvshjvy8 | In modulus 12, one can assert that: 38 ≡ 14 ( mod 12 ) {\displaystyle 38\equiv 14{\pmod {12}}} because 38 − 14 = 24, which is a multiple of 12. Another way to express this is to say that both 38 and 14 have the same remainder 2, when divided by 12. The definition of congruence also applies to negative values. For examp... | Modular arithmatic |
c_6tn9resx8pxs | In molding, an undercut is an indentation or protrusion in a shape that will prevent its withdrawal from a one-piece mold. Undercuts on molded parts are features that prevent the part from being directly ejected from an injection molding machine. They are categorized into internal and external undercuts, where external... | Undercut (molding) |
c_bau0blizq6b1 | This is an extra part of the mold that moves separately from the two halves. These can increase the cost of the molded part due to an added 15 to 30% cost of the mold itself and added complexity of the molding machine.If the size of the undercut is small enough and the material is flexible enough a side action is not a... | Undercut (molding) |
c_6jtx2vpf8626 | In molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) heated gaseous elements are allowed to condense on the wafer. MBE has been used to grow h-BN films from elemental B and N on Ni foils.Molten boron oxide reacts with gaseous ammonia to form an ultrathin h-BN film at the reaction interface. The film grows to 20-30 nm in thickness, after wh... | Synthesis of hexagonal boron nitride |
c_gnariva75pw5 | In molecular biology (specifically protein biosynthesis), a stop codon (or termination codon) is a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein. Most codons in messenger RNA correspond to the addition of an amino acid to a growing polypep... | Stop codon |
c_86tda0umbnq3 | In molecular biology 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase (OHCU decarboxylase) EC 4.1.1.n1 is an enzyme involved in purine catabolism. It catalyses the decarboxylation of 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline (OHCU) into S(+)-allantoin. It is the third step of the conversion of uric acid ... | 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase |
c_43b0bvf0x2rl | In molecular biology 7SK is an abundant small nuclear RNA found in metazoans. It plays a role in regulating transcription by controlling the positive transcription elongation factor P-TEFb. 7SK is found in a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (snRNP) with a number of other proteins that regulate the stability and ... | 7SK RNA |
c_i8nwxyx5ks6i | In molecular biology FAD-oxidases are a family of FAD-dependent oxidoreductases. They are flavoproteins that contain a covalently bound FAD group which is attached to a histidine via an 8-alpha-(N3-histidyl)-riboflavin linkage. The region around the histidine that binds the FAD group is conserved in these enzymes. == R... | FAD-oxidase |
c_q6s7larcexkw | In molecular biology Type I topoisomerases are enzymes that cut one of the two strands of double-stranded DNA, relax the strand, and reanneal the strand. They are further subdivided into two structurally and mechanistically distinct topoisomerases: type IA and type IB. Type IA topoisomerases change the linking number o... | Type I topoisomerase |
c_hmtlpc0v5ody | This distinction, however, no longer applies as type IA and type IB topoisomerases exist in all domains of life. Functionally, these subclasses perform very specialized functions. Prokaryotic topoisomerase I (topo IA) can only relax negative supercoiled DNA, whereas eukaryotic topoisomerase I (topo IB) can introduce po... | Type I topoisomerase |
c_rz2gm9s1koo9 | In molecular biology and biochemistry, processivity is an enzyme's ability to catalyze "consecutive reactions without releasing its substrate".For example, processivity is the average number of nucleotides added by a polymerase enzyme, such as DNA polymerase, per association event with the template strand. Because the ... | Processivity |
c_9hw0qpunyph2 | In molecular biology and bioinformatics, the consensus sequence (or canonical sequence) is the calculated sequence of most frequent residues, either nucleotide or amino acid, found at each position in a sequence alignment. It represents the results of multiple sequence alignments in which related sequences are compared... | Canonical sequence |
c_6rkgs8wtcd3n | In molecular biology and biotechnology, a fluorescent tag, also known as a fluorescent label or fluorescent probe, is a molecule that is attached chemically to aid in the detection of a biomolecule such as a protein, antibody, or amino acid. Generally, fluorescent tagging, or labeling, uses a reactive derivative of a f... | Fluorescent labelling |
c_igksmwnwlt9i | Various labeling techniques such as enzymatic labeling, protein labeling, and genetic labeling are widely utilized. Ethidium bromide, fluorescein and green fluorescent protein are common tags. The most commonly labelled molecules are antibodies, proteins, amino acids and peptides which are then used as specific probes ... | Fluorescent labelling |
c_l81nrcm6b2v9 | In molecular biology and genetics, DNA annotation or genome annotation is the process of describing the structure and function of the components of a genome, by analyzing and interpreting them in order to extract their biological significance and understand the biological processes in which they participate. Among othe... | Genome annotation |
c_b4qoim22yv7h | Furthermore, due to the size and complexity of sequenced genomes, DNA annotation is not performed manually, but is instead automated by computational means. However, the conclusions drawn from the obtained results require manual expert analysis.DNA annotation is classified into two categories: structural annotation, wh... | Genome annotation |
c_7og4pzdy6qon | In molecular biology and genetics, GC-content (or guanine-cytosine content) is the percentage of nitrogenous bases in a DNA or RNA molecule that are either guanine (G) or cytosine (C). This measure indicates the proportion of G and C bases out of an implied four total bases, also including adenine and thymine in DNA an... | Guanine-cytosine content |
c_niplrcpdpngi | In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Depending on the context, sense may have slightly different meanings. For example, negative-sense s... | Non-coding strand |
c_83w1ge3cww2r | In molecular biology and genetics, transcription coregulators are proteins that interact with transcription factors to either activate or repress the transcription of specific genes. Transcription coregulators that activate gene transcription are referred to as coactivators while those that repress are known as corepre... | Transcription coregulator |
c_dzv87t2vlj7t | In humans several dozen to several hundred coregulators are known, depending on the level of confidence with which the characterisation of a protein as a coregulator can be made. One class of transcription coregulators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second ATP dependent class ... | Transcription coregulator |
c_acg59cqtvs2t | In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal contr... | Transcriptional regulator |
c_i8aasfvmv5p3 | The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Bacteria and eukaryotes have very different strategies of accomplishing control o... | Transcriptional regulator |
c_t2bwzjjdmsgj | In molecular biology and genetics, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s). For transformation to take place, the recipient bacterium must be in a state of competence, which mig... | Genetic transformation |
c_obyaxkhm7oo4 | In molecular biology and genetics, upstream and downstream both refer to relative positions of genetic code in DNA or RNA. Each strand of DNA or RNA has a 5' end and a 3' end, so named for the carbon position on the deoxyribose (or ribose) ring. By convention, upstream and downstream relate to the 5' to 3' direction re... | Upstream and downstream (DNA) |
c_szuxzpjy8x5w | When considering double-stranded DNA, upstream is toward the 5' end of the coding strand for the gene in question and downstream is toward the 3' end. Due to the anti-parallel nature of DNA, this means the 3' end of the template strand is upstream of the gene and the 5' end is downstream. | Upstream and downstream (DNA) |
c_0pdiabv62gtz | Some genes on the same DNA molecule may be transcribed in opposite directions. This means the upstream and downstream areas of the molecule may change depending on which gene is used as the reference. The terms upstream and downstream are sometimes also applied to a polypeptide sequence, where upstream refers to a regi... | Upstream and downstream (DNA) |
c_5159lka4gyr3 | In molecular biology and pharmacology, a small molecule or micromolecule is a low molecular weight (≤ 1000 daltons) organic compound that may regulate a biological process, with a size on the order of 1 nm. Many drugs are small molecules; the terms are equivalent in the literature. Larger structures such as nucleic aci... | Small molecules |
c_gk3r8z2em5yn | Some can inhibit a specific function of a protein or disrupt protein–protein interactions.Pharmacology usually restricts the term "small molecule" to molecules that bind specific biological macromolecules and act as an effector, altering the activity or function of the target. Small molecules can have a variety of biol... | Small molecules |
c_0m1o5648pnvy | In molecular biology and physiology, something is GABAergic or GABAnergic if it pertains to or affects the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). For example, a synapse is GABAergic if it uses GABA as its neurotransmitter, and a GABAergic neuron produces GABA. A substance is GABAergic if it produces its effec... | GABAergic |
c_7iyt5flhsgxe | In molecular biology ctRNA (counter-transcribed RNA) is a plasmid encoded noncoding RNA that binds to the mRNA of repB and causes translational inhibition. ctRNA is encoded by plasmids and functions in rolling circle replication to maintain a low copy number. In Corynebacterium glutamicum, it achieves this by antisense... | CtRNA |
c_bdeq4y2wkj1t | In molecular biology lin-4 is a microRNA (miRNA) that was identified from a study of developmental timing in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. It was the first to be discovered of the miRNAs, a class of non-coding RNAs involved in gene regulation. miRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently ... | Lin-4 microRNA precursor |
c_fn7vevire05l | In molecular biology miR-132 microRNA is a short non-coding RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms, generally reducing protein levels through the cleavage of mRNAs or the repression of their translation. Several targets for miR-132 have been described, in... | Mir-132 microRNA |
c_xazxsnqz6rrp | In molecular biology miR-181 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA molecule. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the RNase-III type enzyme Dicer to give a ~22 nucleotide mature product. In this case the mature sequence comes from the 5' arm of the precurs... | Mir-181 microRNA precursor |
c_hbxqnj0abgce | This new class of genes has recently been shown to play a central role in malignant transformation. miRNA are downregulated in many tumors and thus appear to function as tumor suppressor genes. The mature products miR-181a, miR-181b, miR-181c or miR-181d are thought to have regulatory roles at posttranscriptional level... | Mir-181 microRNA precursor |
c_z60ji7xtb80f | In molecular biology mir-11 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. There is an evidence to suggest that miR-11 plays a role in apoptosis.Alignment has shown that miR-11 shares the same family motif as miR-2b and miR-6, together making... | Mir-11 microRNA precursor family |
c_mbix4e9iaw9e | In molecular biology mir-14 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. | Mir-14 microRNA precursor family |
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