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Francis Davey, the vicar of Altarnun in Daphne du Maurier's novel Jamaica Inn is an albino whose status as a 'freak of nature' is explicitly linked to his rejection of conventional morality and hence his villainous actions including murder. Samuel Aboah from The X-Files episode "Teliko". He was a Burkinabé immigrant wh...
Evil albino stereotype
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He is compared unfavourably to a vampire like creature from West African folklore (the eponymous Teliko) by a Burkinabé ambassador. He is depicted as a merciless killer with a seemingly inhuman ability to squeeze into small spaces (a la previous X-Files villain Eugene Victor Tooms) "Snow" (played by Billy Drago), in Va...
Evil albino stereotype
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Joseph (played by Jake Busey, son of Gary Busey; see next entry), in Contact (1997) is a religious extremist turned suicide-bomber. Mr. Joshua (played by Gary Busey), in Lethal Weapon (1987) is a seemingly psychopathic hit man. He was specifically referred to as "albino" in the film.
Evil albino stereotype
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Bosie (played by Charlie Hunnam), in Cold Mountain (2003) is a U.S. Civil War-era "sneering albino killer ... seems to have wandered in from a Lethal Weapon movie" – Ty Burr, Boston Globe review. "Bad Bob" (played by Stacy Keach) in The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean (1972) "Dragon" (played by Thayer David) in The Ei...
Evil albino stereotype
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"The Albino" (played by Mel Smith), in The Princess Bride (1987) is an Igor-like henchman and torturer, depicted as diseased, with visible sores. "Albino" (played by the genuinely albinistic Victor Varnado), in End of Days (1999) is a menacing "servant of Satan" who meets a grisly death. "Whitey" Jackson a.k.a.
Evil albino stereotype
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"The Albino" (played by William Frankfather), in Foul Play (1978) is another heavily armed killer, this time in a comedy. "Tombstone", in the Spider-Man comics is an African-American with albinism. He is a mob hitman.
Evil albino stereotype
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(See main article for sources.) "Tobias Whale" a DC Comics African-American albinistic mobster whose villainy induces character Jefferson Pierce to become the superhero "Black Lightning". (See main article for sources.)
Evil albino stereotype
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Moke (played by Dar Robinson), in Stick (1985) is a ruthless criminal, who likes to shoot people in the back Judge Holden, in Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian (published 1985; ISBN 0-394-54482-X). In McCarthy's novel, Holden is a wanton mass-murderer. There is no historical evidence to suggest that the non-fictional Ho...
Evil albino stereotype
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(See main article for further sources.) "Albino" (played by Warrick Grier), in Freefall (1994) is a menacing figure who drugs the film's heroine. Mark Purayah (Mark II) and Mark Parchezzi (Mark III) ("the Albinos"), in Hitman: Blood Money (released 2005) are clones of an unseen Mark I, and all are assassins.
Evil albino stereotype
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(See main article for further sources.) Otis B. Driftwood (played by Bill Moseley), in House of 1000 Corpses (2003). leads a clan of psychopathic backwoods serial killers.
Evil albino stereotype
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Despite being played by the same actor, in the sequel The Devil's Rejects (2005) he has a normal skin tone. (See main article for further sources.) "The Albino" in The Albino's Dancer, a "Time Hunter" novella; the character is a mobster.
Evil albino stereotype
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(See main article for sources.) "The Albino" (played by Bill Bolender) from the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode "Blood Oath", who is a dishonorable Klingon warrior and murderer. (See main article for further sources.)
Evil albino stereotype
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Dr. Robert Kirkland "Kirk" Langström, also known as the Man-Bat, is depicted as being albinistic in the television series The Batman (which also depicts him as more villainous than other versions of the character). Langström's "Man-Bat" form is also depicted as being albino. (See main article for further sources.)
Evil albino stereotype
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Kobra, an albinistic biker in Robert R. McCammon's 1981 novel They Thirst who is depicted as sadistic and violent. He eventually becomes a commander of an army of vampires besieging Los Angeles (but was albinistic before becoming a vampire).
Evil albino stereotype
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(See main article for sources.) Monsieur Zenith, a pulp fiction villain in the "Sexton Blake" series by Anthony Skene. Zenith is a world-weary gentleman thief who uses opium, commits crimes, and feuds with Blake simply to relieve his ennui.
Evil albino stereotype
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The clairvoyant albino Juni Swan in Darren Shan's "The Demonata" series is characterized by her deceptive and sadistic nature as well as her exceptional beauty. However, in Death's Shadow, the seventh book of the series, she appears as a hideously deformed monster. "Helter Skelter", a mysterious assassin seen in the op...
Evil albino stereotype
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Jei Farfarello, a sadistic/masochistic member of a group of assassins named "Schwarz" in the anime Weiß Kreuz. He is portrayed as a one-eyed, heavily scarred and clinically insane killer. Olivia Presteign, the daughter of a powerful business man in Alfred Bester's The Stars My Destination, is responsible for numerous h...
Evil albino stereotype
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Her albinism renders her blind to the normal spectrum of light visible to humans, but she is able to see the infrared spectrum. The anime/manga Deadman Wonderland features two albinos named Chan and En as bodyguards to the main antagonist of the series, the director of Deadman Wonderland named Hagire Rinichirou. They a...
Evil albino stereotype
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There is also a third albino, one of the main characters, named Shiro, who appears an innocent and complacent young girl, but has a cruel and psychopathic alter ego knows as the Wretched Egg, which is Hagire's lifetime obsession. The Mark clones in Hitman: Blood Money are genetically created assassins from the rival or...
Evil albino stereotype
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He often laughs at other peoples problems and tries to annoy but hates being insulted by Mylene, his companion. He is part of the evil organisation Vexos. Practical Frost in The First Law series by Joe Abercrombie is an Albino depicted as a brutal and psycopathic torturer's assistant.Animals and other non-humanoid char...
Evil albino stereotype
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Unlike most other dinosaurs in the film, he is depicted as vicious, vindictive and entirely inimical. The filmmakers explicitly stated that his albinism is a reference to Moby Dick and other pale fictional antagonists. Lord Shen, an albino peacock, was the main enemy on Kung Fu Panda, revealed to'd tried to wipe out th...
Evil albino stereotype
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The megalodon in Steve Alten's novel Meg: A Novel of Deep Terror, hunted by the main characters, is depicted as albino. The Banes from Suzanne Collins's The Underland Chronicles novel series. An albino gnawer (giant, talking rat).
Evil albino stereotype
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Born once every few hundred years, they are always insane, tyrannical, and far larger than even the other gnawers. The only one featured in the series is Pearlpelt. He is, however, an exception, as all the Underland humans are albinos, and they are generally portrayed favorably, with varying personalities.
Evil albino stereotype
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(See also Underland humans, below.) The Pure Ferrets King Agarnu, Prince Bladd and Princess Kurda of the Redwall book Triss. They were rulers of an island-fortress known as Riftgard and enslaved many creatures, including the protagonist Trisscar Swordmaid.
Evil albino stereotype
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(However, the albinism of these characters has nothing to do with their status as antagonists. It only affects the plot when, early in the story, a minor character discovers the body of Agarnu’s deceased father and mistakes it for a ghost.) Silas Vorez, the main antagonist of the 2022 video game The Quarry is a human w...
Evil albino stereotype
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In the last few decades, there has been an increase in the number albinistic characters who are mocked (sometimes by the actual works in which they appear, an instance of albino bias itself, and sometimes by other characters in a way that highlights albino bias). "Powder", the eponymous character in the movie Powder. T...
Evil albino stereotype
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Already an outcast in their small New Brunswick town because of their father's reputation, she is further alienated during her adolescence due to her albinism. Her brother (and protagonist) Lyle tries to make Autumn's life easier by purchasing a wig and contact lenses for her, but it helps very little in the treatment ...
Evil albino stereotype
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Casper, a.k.a. "Whitey" or "Q-Tip" (played by Michael Bowman), in Me, Myself & Irene (2000).
Evil albino stereotype
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His alleged real name is as mocking as his nicknames. He is the subject of a good deal of ridicule, which may be accurately representative of the casual discrimination that people with albinism are often made to suffer, and is accurately depicted as having impaired vision, and is a vital friend of the main characters. ...
Evil albino stereotype
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Cee-Cee, a character in "The Mediator" novel series by Meg Cabot, is ridiculed by her classmates. Generally portrayed fairly accurately as a person with albinism, wearing protective clothing, sunscreen, hats, and sunglasses outdoors, though said to have purplish irises even though that is rare. While described supporti...
Evil albino stereotype
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On the other hand, Cee-Cee's aunt, who also has albinism, reads tarot cards and speaks with the dead. Harold Kline, in Ghost Boy, a novel by Iain Lawrence, is an albinistic youth who ran away from home and ended up working in the circus with the other "freaks", as people called them. His portrayal is supportive, but th...
Evil albino stereotype
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Neutral or at least morally uncertain depictions of persons with albinism are also somewhat common in literature and film, as anti-heroes, morally confused characters, or simply incidentally. Elric of Melniboné, the main character of an eponymous series of fantasy novels and short stories by Michael Moorcock that began...
Evil albino stereotype
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The author stated in 2004 that he had received no complaints with regards to his treatment of albinism since "after all, Elric is a hero (if somewhat flawed)". However, Elric also frequently murders in cold blood and is classified by some reviewers/critics as an anti-hero, even a protagonist–villain. Elric was based in...
Evil albino stereotype
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(See main article for further sources.) "Snow", an albinistic psychic who achieves a messianic following, has his story told in Snow, a concept album by progressive rock band Spock's Beard.
Evil albino stereotype
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The portrayal is ambiguous and unrealistic, and the character has a stereotypical moniker. "U.V.
Evil albino stereotype
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", played by non-albinistic actor Chad E. Donella, in the film Disturbing Behavior. He is not a villain, but a stoner with a stereotypical nickname that refers to his skin sensitivity, while on the other hand has a clever sense of humor, is "hip", and is well-accepted by his friends. (See main article for additional so...
Evil albino stereotype
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"The bride" (played by the genuinely albinistic Diane Costa), in Nobody's Fool (1986) Depicted accurately, though possibly mostly for comedic effect, as requiring sunglasses under her veil at her outdoor wedding, and mocked behind her back as having landed a husband out of pity, but shown as engaging in a normal societ...
Evil albino stereotype
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Princess Hinoto, in the X manga and TV series and X-1999 movie. While a heroine in the original comics and movie, she becomes a villain in the follow-up television series. Has red eyes in some episodes, purplish in others.
Evil albino stereotype
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Accurately portrayed as having vision problems, but also given deaf-muteness, lameness, and psychic powers. "Whitey" (played by Robert Englund), in Buster and Billie. He dyes his hair black, but is known by his nickname, which he wears on his hat.
Evil albino stereotype
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The detective, in What's the Worst that Could Happen?. Like the villain in Foul Play, he wears all-white suits. Olympia Binewski, an albinistic, bald, hunchbacked dwarf, from the 1989 novel Geek Love by Katherine Dunn.
Evil albino stereotype
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"Oly" is the narrator of the story, and as part of a family intentionally bred for defects for traveling carnival show purposes is no more or less "freakish" than the rest of the major characters; her albinism appears simply to have been selected at random by the author as a genetic abnormality to add to the list. (See...
Evil albino stereotype
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Although Oran scorns her, she is not offended and claims that many people don't understand her condition. The personification of Prussia in the anime/webcomic Hetalia: Axis Powers is commonly perceived by fans of the series to be an albino, because of his red eyes and silver-white hair. Whether or not he actually albin...
Evil albino stereotype
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Mr. Skimpole, a character in The Somnambulist at first seems evil, but is made more likable through his crippled son, whom he cares for (although the narrator insinuates that his son might be a fabrication, to make Skimpole seem more sympathetic). Kevin Smith, the silent, knife-wielding British assassin in Goichi Suda'...
Evil albino stereotype
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(See main article for sources). Theokoles, "the Shadow of Death", is an albinistic, pink-eyed gladiator in the fifth episode, "Shadow Games" (2010), of the Starz TV series Spartacus: Blood and Sand. He is depicted as a huge and greatly feared, savage warrior prone to blood-lust, "a beast that has never been tamed".
Evil albino stereotype
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Despite the fact that at least one review labels the character an "evil albino", Theokoles is also said to have won many fortunes and his freedom via his long-undefeated string of victories in the arena, for which he is respected as well as feared by other gladiators. The Underland humans from Suzanne Collins's "The Un...
Evil albino stereotype
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(See also The Banes, above.) Hansberry in the film A Guy Thing (2003) The Anime/manga series Deadman Wonderland features an albino character named Shiro (Japanese for "white"). She is introduced as an absurdly strong but ditzy and kind girl who knew the main character Ganta as a child and was in love with him.
Evil albino stereotype
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It is later revealed that Shiro is a split personality. Her secondary persona is called the Wretched Egg, a violent, psychopathic murderer. The Wretched Egg persona becomes one of the main antagonists while the Shiro persona struggles in vain to retake control.
Evil albino stereotype
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This puts her in the odd position of being both the villain and a victim. Brynden Rivers, also known as Bloodraven for a birthmark on his neck, is an albino character in George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire who, while a bastard of the Targaryen bloodline, decided to not side with his rebelling siblings against ...
Evil albino stereotype
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Later he is revealed to still be living, although it is unclear if he is a villain or not thus far. One of the sangomas, or witchdoctors, in Shaka Zulu has albinism. In Games Workshop's tabletop game "The Horus Heresy" the Emperor's Children Space Marine legion is described as having a gene-seed defect that results in ...
Evil albino stereotype
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The Emperor's Children are initially depicted as being obsessed with achieving personal perfection in all ways, though they seemed not to care about this defect. They were the only legion allowed to bear the Emperor's name, and the only legion allowed to bear his personal standard, the "Palatine Aquila." However, they ...
Evil albino stereotype
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Whether or not this makes them evil is entire subjective, as arguments can be made for both the Imperium and the Traitor Legions being good or evil. It is unknown whether this gene-seed defect still exists in Warhammer 40,000 (of which the Horus Heresy is a spin-off game.) In Kazuma Kamachi's A Certain Magical Index, A...
Evil albino stereotype
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At first he is portrayed as a villain in the story, but as the story progresses he is portrayed more of an anti-hero.Animals and other non-humanoid charactersMoby Dick, an albino sperm whale, in the book Moby-Dick.The White Rabbit from Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. (Although Carroll did not specific...
Evil albino stereotype
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In C.S. Lewis's novel Out of the Silent Planet, the protagonist Ransom (an Englishman visiting Mars) encounters three species of intelligent Martians. One Martian individual is unpigmented.
Evil albino stereotype
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El Blanco, in Tremors 3: Back to Perfection, is an albino graboid that while inaccurately portrayed as being sterile as a result of albinism. In the Perils of Penelope Pitstop episode "Arabian Desert Danger", Penelope tries to cross a desert to donate a young albino camel to a zoo without having to put the animal in da...
Evil albino stereotype
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Persons with albinism are sometimes depicted heroically or otherwise positively, or at least accurately with regard to their condition and its medical and social results: Alexander Kramir, from the novel Lentara is a fairly accurately portrayed boy with Albinism who helps an alien race save the Earth and falls in love ...
Evil albino stereotype
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Dancy Flammarion, the monster-slaying heroine of Caitlín R. Kiernan's Alabaster comics, as well as many prose stories by the author, including her novel Threshold and the short stories collected in Alabaster. Beowulf "Bey" Shaeffer, hero of several stories in Larry Niven's Known Space series, from the planet We Made It...
Evil albino stereotype
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Bran Davies, in "The Dark Is Rising" novel series, is a positive portrayal but somewhat inaccurate because the character lacks any vision problems. Bjørn Beltø, an archaeologist in Tom Egeland's Norwegian novel Sirkelens Ende (Circle's End), ISBN 82-03-18974-1, which pre-dates but is very similar to The Da Vinci Code, ...
Evil albino stereotype
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animated series on "Adult Swim". An albinistic computer scientist and friend of Dr. Venture from his college years, he runs "Conjectural Technologies" with Master Billy Quizboy, Boy Genius. The name is stereotypical (as per superhero convention), but his intelligence is accentuated, and the character is not otherwise m...
Evil albino stereotype
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This line does not seem to be canon though. In an earlier career as a TV quiz host, he wore a black wig and used makeup in an attempt to appear "normal", although this fear came less from discrimination than from his own desire to be popular. Misaki Saiki, an albinistic dominatrix, is the principle heroine in the Vulga...
Evil albino stereotype
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She speaks to ghosts for a special government agency, but such fantasy is common in the genre. (See main article for sources.) Billy Raven of the "Children of the Red King" novel series, an albinistic orphan initially manipulated into helping a villain, is overall a sympathetic character.
Evil albino stereotype
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Realistically, he needs eyeglasses; unrealistically, he has the magic ability to talk to animals, although his supernatural abilities are said to not be related to his albinism (cf. "Snow" and "Powder", etc., above). Geralt of Rivia from Andrzej Sapowski's 'The Witcher' series.
Evil albino stereotype
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Setsuna Sakurazaki of the manga Negima! is stated to be an albino who regularly dyes her hair and wears contact lenses to hide her albinism. (See main article for sources.)
Evil albino stereotype
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Peter Smart in Adam Salter's 2007 novel The Platinum Prison (ISBN 978-1847534415) is an albinistic man, tortured by the label "albino", who "tries...to find his place in life and search for acceptance and love" in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Persephone "Percy" Parker, "an albino orphan with a talent for languages",...
Evil albino stereotype
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series is a fan favorite character, noted for his kindness, youthful inexperience, and naivete. While his condition is occasionally exploited or misunderstood, he is always portrayed fairly, and his albinism is not the central focus of his character. (While his name, or lack thereof, seems to indicate otherwise, all th...
Evil albino stereotype
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Strangelove, an albino bisexual artificial intelligence developer from the Metal Gear series. The playable avatar from Fire Emblem Fates (named Corrin by default) has traits of albinism, though this is only by default since this character can be customized. Sunny, the heroine of fantasy novel Akata Witch by Nnedi Okora...
Evil albino stereotype
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In the 2012 Canadian movie war witch (rebelle) by Kim Nguyen, telling the story of a runaway child soldier in West Africa and an albino boy played by Serge Kanyinda, albinos play an important role. The movie portrays an albino community.Animals and other non-humanoid charactersDangerous Beans, an anthropomorphic albino...
Evil albino stereotype
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Urthwyte the Mighty, an anthropomorphic albino badger in the "Redwall"-series fantasy novel Salamandastron by Brian Jacques. He is portrayed as a kind, gentle and talented leader. Chobbal, an albino camel, is the hero of Sophie and the Albino Camel and other books by British children's author Stephen Davies.
Evil albino stereotype
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He experiences rejection by his own mother, and is fed and nurtured by a young African boy. He has a cheerful and generous disposition. Ghost, in George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire, is an albino dire wolf trained to aid his companion Jon Snow.
Evil albino stereotype
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He is the second most frequently referred-to companion animal in the story. The Magic: The Gathering character Ajani Goldmane is an albino leonid (a race of fictional anthropomorphic lions). Once saw as a bad omen from his own tribe for his condition, after the brother's death he became a "Planeswalker", a powerful bei...
Evil albino stereotype
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Albino is the alias of two Marvel Comics supervillains, Augusta Seger and Ulysses Counts. In Augusta Seger's backstory, he acquired the nickname "Albino" in school because of his pale skin, he grew up to become a criminal, and was recruited into the Power Men supervillain team and given a serum which allowed him to mim...
Evil albino stereotype
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She helps Betsy Braddock adjust to life without her sight after she's brutally beaten and blinded by Slaymaster. Deluge (Mzungu) is an African mutant with albinism. He fought (and was killed) by the X-Men. Other albino characters have appeared in the Marvel main continuity universe: the Hellfire Club member Scribe (Jan...
Evil albino stereotype
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James, a character in Shortbus, had a catchphrase, "I'm an albino!" that he used as a child star in a fictitious sitcom about a white child growing up in a black family. In the film, he has grown up, and people use "I'm an albino!" as a greeting to him at parties. He and his partner also gleefully shout the phrase whil...
Evil albino stereotype
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"An albino" (along with "a mulatto") is mentioned in the chorus of Nirvana's hit song about teenage angst and high school factionalism, "Smells Like Teen Spirit".
Evil albino stereotype
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Sons of Anarchy season 2, episode 1, titled "Albification", concerns "whitewashing" various unpleasant truths, and introduces L.O.A.N., a new (fictional) white supremacist organization, which strives to prevent the titular motorcycle club of the show from doing business with people of color.
Evil albino stereotype
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In Zimbabwe, modern folklore posits that sexual intercourse with an albinistic person will cure one of HIV, leading to the rape and subsequent HIV infection of women with albinism in that region.In Tanzania in 2008, President Kikwete publicly condemned witch doctors for opportunistic persecution of albinism, including ...
Evil albino stereotype
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In Jamaica, people with albinism were historically degraded, and regarded as "cursed". In recent times, the albinistic musicians King Yellowman and Al Beeno have helped to curb this stereotype.
Evil albino stereotype
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The 2004 book Weird N.J. (a tie-in to the History Channel TV series Weird U.S.) chronicled and further popularized one of the lesser-known local urban legends of the US, "albino colonies". The book uses alleged first-hand accounts mailed to the authors to paint a picture of various locations in the U.S. (most notably C...
Evil albino stereotype
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Among the Kuna of Panama and Colombia, members with albinism have a special place in their indigenous mythology. While they are regarded as physically inferior, at the same time they are regarded as 'closer to God' and in possession of special powers. At times of eclipses, the Kunas believe their members with albinism ...
Evil albino stereotype
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For more information, see Persecution of people with albinism § Films highlighting persecution of albinism. Due to a wave of persecution of people with albinism in some parts of Africa (especially Tanzania and neighboring countries) a number of documentary films have been made about the problem. They have depicted pers...
Evil albino stereotype
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Outside the African context, the 2007 short film "Perception Is Not Reality: Portraying the REAL Truths About Albinism", was produced by Mashawna Thompson, editor of the Parent of a Child with Albinism blog. It attempted to dispel Hollywood and urban-legend misconceptions about the condition. A new version, featuring o...
Evil albino stereotype
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The theme of The Albino Code (2007) is to point out the absurdity of typical depictions of albinistic people in Western media. In 2009, two African American albinistic fashion models, Shaun Ross and Diandra Forrest, were the focus of an episode of the Tyra Banks Show, and revealed the traumas they experienced growing u...
Evil albino stereotype
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Salum Khalfani Bar'wani, a politician in Tanzania (a country marked by persecution of people with albinism) elected to the National Assembly in October 2010. Connie Chiu, a Hong Kong female fashion model with Jean-Paul Gaultier Cano Estremera, a Puerto Rican salsa musician Winston "Yellowman" Foster (also known as "Kin...
Evil albino stereotype
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Salif Keita, a Malian popular musician Malford Milligan, an American blues and soul singer Refilwe "Vanillablaq" Modiselle, South African female fashion model, singer, and actress, nominated to the Oprah Magazine 2013 "Power List" Corrie "Al Beeno" Moodie (also known as "Prince Yellowman"), a Jamaican dancehall musicia...
Evil albino stereotype
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Respect Me" Victor Varnado, African American stand-up comedian and actor. Redford White (Cipriano Cermeño II), a Filipino actor and comedian Edgar Winter and Johnny Winter, American blues-rock musician brothers David Wrench, a Welsh-born electronic musician Zāl (Persian: زال), a warrior of ancient Persia (present-day I...
Evil albino stereotype
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Roy Orbison was falsely said to be albino, by his widow, for unknown reasons. German singer Heino has Graves' disease, which can be mistaken for albinism. Actor Anthony Rapp fronts a rock band called Albinokid, but is not albinistic, being a normally pigmented, blonde Caucasian. Prime Minister of the UK, Boris Johnson,...
Evil albino stereotype
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Many notable albino animals have become special attractions at zoos or theme parks. Bristol Zoo was the home to a very rare albino African penguin named Snowdrop, who was hatched at the zoo in October 2002 and died in August 2004. For many years, a unique albino gorilla named Floquet de Neu in Catalan and Copito de Nie...
Evil albino stereotype
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There is also an albino crocodile in Jungle Island theme park in Miami, Fl. Other notable albino animals have been found in the wild. An albino humpback whale called Migaloo (Australian Aboriginal for "White Lad") travels the east coast of Australia, and has become famous in the local media.
Evil albino stereotype
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In 2009, a pink albino bottlenose dolphin, nicknamed Pinky, was sighted several times in an inland lake in the United States, and footage of it has become popular on Internet video sites. Perhaps the most significant albino animal in history was Mocha Dick, a sperm whale of the early 19th century that lived mostly near...
Evil albino stereotype
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A pointer or pointing stick is a solid rod used to point manually, in the form of a stick, but always finished off or artificially produced. The typical pointer is simply a long, slender, often flexible stick made in a strong material, designed to indicate places on maps, words on blackboards etc. In addition it may be...
Pointer (rod)
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The March of Progress, originally titled The Road to Homo Sapiens, is an illustration that presents 25 million years of human evolution. It was created for the Early Man volume of the Life Nature Library, published in 1965, and drawn by the artist Rudolph Zallinger. It has been viewed as a picture of the discredited th...
March of Progress
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The illustration is part of a section of text and images commissioned by Time-Life Books for the Early Man volume (1965) of the Life Nature Library, by F. Clark Howell.The illustration is a foldout entitled "The Road to Homo Sapiens". It shows a sequence of figures, drawn by natural history painter and muralist Rudolph...
March of Progress
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The 15 primate figures in Zallinger's image, from left to right, are listed below. The datings follow the original graphic and may no longer reflect current scientific opinion. Pliopithecus, 22–12 million year old "ancestor of the gibbon line" Proconsul, 21–9 million year old primate which may or may not have qualified...
March of Progress
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Contrary to appearances and some complaints, the original 1965 text of "The Road to Homo Sapiens" reveals an understanding of the fact that a linear presentation of a sequence of primate species, all in the direct line of human ancestors, would not be a correct interpretation. For example, the fourth of Zallinger's fig...
March of Progress
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That implies that the first four primates are not to be considered actual human ancestors. Likewise, the seventh figure (Paranthropus) is said to be "an evolutionary dead end". In addition, the colored stripes, across the top of the figure, which indicate the age and duration of the various lineages clearly imply that ...
March of Progress
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The image has frequently been copied, modified, and parodied. It has been criticized as "unintentionally and wrongly" implying that "evolution is progressive". The image has been described as having a "visual logic" of linear progression. The Lancet called it "proverbial, much quoted or adapted, familiar to multitudes ...
March of Progress
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The image has become better-known than the science behind it.With regard to the way the illustration has been interpreted, the anthropologist and author of the section, F. Clark Howell, remarked: The artist didn't intend to reduce the evolution of man to a linear sequence, but it was read that way by viewers. ... The g...
March of Progress
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Stephen Jay Gould (1941–2002) condemned the iconology of the image in several pages of his 1989 book, Wonderful Life, reproducing several advertisements and political cartoons that make use of the illustration to make their various points. In a chapter, "The Iconography of an Expectation", he asserted that The march of...
March of Progress
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... life is a copiously branching bush, continually pruned by the grim reaper of extinction, not a ladder of predictable progress. The intelligent design advocate Jonathan Wells wrote in Icons of Evolution: Science or Myth? (2002), "Although it is widely used to show that we are just animals, and that our very existen...
March of Progress
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The book likens a selection of evolution theory textbook topics to the cover illustration thus qualified. Riley Black, writing for Scientific American, argues that the idea of a "march of progress", as depicted in the 1965 Time-Life illustration, dates back to the medieval great chain of being and the 19th century idea...
March of Progress
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The March of Progress has often been imitated, parodied, or adapted for commercial or political purposes. The logo for the Leakey Foundation and the National Museums of Kenya features a small silhouette of the March of Progress image itself. The cover of the 1972 Doors album Full Circle references the March of Progress...
March of Progress