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The superconducting gravimeter network has been used to ground truth the satellite potentials. This should eventually improve both the satellite and Earth-based methods and intercomparisons. Transportable relative gravimeters also exist; they employ an extremely stable inertial platform to compensate for the masking ef...
Gravimetry
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Microgravimetry is an important branch developed on the foundation of classical gravimetry. Microgravity investigations are carried out in order to solve various problems of engineering geology, mainly location of voids and their monitoring. Very detailed measurements of high accuracy can indicate voids of any origin, ...
Gravimetry
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The modern gravimeter was developed by Lucien LaCoste and Arnold Romberg in 1936. They also invented most subsequent refinements, including the ship-mounted gravimeter, in 1965, temperature-resistant instruments for deep boreholes, and lightweight hand-carried instruments. Most of their designs remain in use with refin...
Gravimetry
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Currently, the static and time-variable Earth's gravity field parameters are being determined using modern satellite missions, such as GOCE, CHAMP, Swarm, GRACE and GRACE-FO. The lowest-degree parameters, including the Earth's oblateness and geocenter motion are best determined from Satellite laser ranging.Large-scale ...
Gravimetry
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The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) consists of two satellites that can detect gravitational changes across the Earth. Also these changes can be presented as gravity anomaly temporal variations. The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) also consisted of two spacecraft orbiting the Moon, whic...
Gravimetry
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The Grand dictionnaire terminologique (GDT) is an online terminological database containing nearly 3 million French, English and Latin technical terms in 200 industrial, scientific and commercial fields. The GDT has existed in a number of formats over the years, including a dial-up service known as Banque de terminolog...
Grand dictionnaire terminologique
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When translations differ between Quebec French and "Standard French", – for example in the expression "cerebrovascular accident" (CVA), translated as accident cérébrovasculaire (ACV) in Quebec French and accident vasculaire cérébral in France – the two forms are both given with a paragraph describing their origins, usa...
Grand dictionnaire terminologique
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The GDT uses the 1990 Reforms of French orthography with loanwords and neologisms. It also prioritises usage of each word by its prominence in other authoritative works.
Grand dictionnaire terminologique
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A favissa is a cultic storage place, usually a pit or an underground cellar, for sacred utensils and votive objects no longer in use. Favissae were located within the sacred temple precincts of the various ancient Mediterranean civilizations. Archaeologists have found such pits in Ancient Egypt, the Roman world and in ...
Favissa
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The term is derived from the Etruscan or related to the Latin fovea "pit".During the time of ancient Rome, the term favissa referred to a cylindrical underground storage space, specifically designed to house votive objects. These repositories were typically located outside the main sanctuary but within the sacred groun...
Favissa
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Similar to other ancient religions, the Romans had a tradition of offering relatively inexpensive objects made of materials like bronze, lead, tin, or common clay as votive offerings to the temple deities. Over time, the quantity of these votive objects became excessive, necessitating their removal. However, it was cru...
Favissa
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To address this, temple priests took charge of removing the objects; they deliberately broke intact items before burying them within the temple grounds. Care was taken to choose locations which were not easily accessible, thus minimizing the risk of profanation.An example of such a structure is found in the Favissae Ca...
Favissa
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One notable example is the favissa discovered on the Mannella hill in Locri Epizefiri in Reggio Calabria. Although devoid of its contents, this favissa can be dated back to the fifth century BC. As time passed, the use of favissae gradually diminished, to the extent that their significance had been completely forgotten...
Favissa
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In sociology and anthropology, an age grade or age class is a form of social organization based on age, within a series of such categories, through which individuals pass over the course of their lives. This is in contrast to an age set, to which individuals remain permanently attached as the set itself becomes progres...
Age grade
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In tribal societies entry into an age grade – generally gender-separated – is often marked by an initiation rite, which may be the crowning of a long and complex preparation, sometimes in retreat. After a period of some years, during which they often perform certain common activities, alone or under senior guidance, me...
Age grade
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In most cultures, age grade systems, as with age sets, are the preserve of men, and it is the older men who control a society's secret knowledge, collectively or restricted to a council of elders and/or specific positions such as shaman entrusted with the preparation of initiants. Closely related age-grade systems are ...
Age grade
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Gadaa through history came to organize social life around the series of five generation grades which assign obligations as well as rights to members of the society. Through Gadaa, many socio-political functions were carried out. For example, the system operated as an educational institution by providing periods of trai...
Age grade
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Vintage spirits, also known as dusties, are old, discontinued, or otherwise rare bottles of liquor. The collectibility of a bottle is based on rarity, with age as a secondary factor. The name "dusty" refers to the fact that many such now-collectible bottles had been sitting on a liquor store shelf or unopened in a home...
Vintage spirits
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In almost all US states such sales are illegal. According to bourbon expert Fred Minnick, laws surrounding the resale of liquor are “usually about restricting or empowering distilleries. Very rarely is there a legislation that you can pinpoint directly to benefiting consumers”.According to the Ohio Division of Liquor C...
Vintage spirits
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The Columbus Dispatch adds that the risk is that bottles could have been tampered with, but notes that "Ohio runs all liquor sales inside the state, and these black-market sales bypass the state's system, which generates more than $1 billion in revenue a year. "Vintage spirits are legal for sale under Kentucky's 2018 V...
Vintage spirits
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There are multiple distilleries in the state, and a large number of bourbon distilleries; bourbon in particular is considered highly collectible. Kentucky is also fertile ground for collectors because of the state culture. While distillers historically included bourbon in employee compensation packages, Kentucky is par...
Vintage spirits
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Collectors look for indications of a bottle's vintage. Bottles without a tax strip -- a piece of paper glued on over the bottle top and down the sides -- predate the 1990s. Bottles without a UPC code predate the 1980s. A government health warning means the bottle can't have been produced before the late 1980s.
Vintage spirits
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Measurements in milliliters were adopted after 1979.Until the 2010s, it was not uncommon for collectors of vintage spirits to find bottles in liquor stores that had gone unsold for decades and buy them at their original sticker price. As of the early 2020s some collectors believe that most of what was worth collecting ...
Vintage spirits
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Professional buyers sell to restaurants and amateur collectors. Top professionals use sources such as chefs, writers, and owners of liquor stores who have knowledge of collections in their local area.
Vintage spirits
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Willett Single-Barrel 24 Year Old, a Japanese export product, was selling for $650 for a 2-ounce pour at Chicago's Mordecai restaurant in 2018. Buffalo Trace's Ancient Ancient Age 8 Year Old was only made for the Japanese market and so is sought after by collectors in other regions. An Old Fitzgerald Bottled in Bond, b...
Vintage spirits
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Brands such as Hill & Hill from National Distillers and Old Fitzgerald from Stitzel–Weller are sought after even though while in production, they were considered lower-end brands. Some currently-produced lower-end brands such as Southern Comfort and Drambuie are also collectible in their older vintages. == References =...
Vintage spirits
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The expression Geneva School refers to (1) a group of linguists based in Geneva who pioneered modern structural linguistics and (2) a group of literary theorists and critics working from a phenomenological perspective.
Geneva School
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The most prominent figure of the Geneva School of Linguistics school was Ferdinand de Saussure. Other important colleagues and students of Saussure who comprise this school include Albert Sechehaye, Albert Riedlinger, Serge Karcevski and Charles Bally. The most significant linguistic book connected with this school is ...
Geneva School
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Sehechaye and Bally did not themselves take part in these lecture classes, but they used notes from other students. The most important of these students was Albert Riedlinger, who provided them with the most material. Furthermore, Bally and Sehechaye continued to develop de Saussure's theories, mainly focusing on the l...
Geneva School
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In addition to his edition of de Saussure's lectures, Charles Bally also played an important role in linguistics. He lived from 1865 to 1947 and was, like de Saussure, from Switzerland. His parent were Jean Gabriel, a teacher and Henriette, the owner of a cloth store. Bally was married three times: first with Valentine...
Geneva School
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From 1883 to 1885 he studied classic language and literature in Geneva. He continued his studies from 1886 to 1889 in Berlin where he was awarded a PhD. After his studies he worked as a private teacher for the royal family of Greece from 1889 to 1893.
Geneva School
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Bally returned to Geneva and taught at a business school from 1893 on and moved to the Progymnasium, a grammar school, from 1913 to 1939. At the same time, he worked as PD at the university from 1893 to 1913. Finally from 1913 to 1939 he had a professorship for general linguistic and comparative Indo-German studies whi...
Geneva School
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Besides his works about subjectivity in the French Language he also wrote about the crisis in French language and language classes. Today Charles Bally is regarded as the founding-father of linguistic theories of style and much honored for his theories of phraseology. Works by Charles Bally: Traité de stylistique franç...
Geneva School
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The expression "Geneva School" (French: groupe de Genève) is also applied to a group of literary critics in the 1950s and 1960s, of which the most important were the Belgian critic Georges Poulet, the French critic Jean-Pierre Richard, and the Swiss critics Marcel Raymond, Albert Béguin, Jean Rousset and Jean Starobins...
Geneva School
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Terry Eagleton. Literary Theory: An Introduction. Minnesota: U of Minn., 1983. ISBN 0-8166-1241-2.
Geneva School
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The Gill Tract is 104 acres of land in Berkeley and Albany, California that the regents of the University of California purchased from the family of the late Edward Gill in 1928. As of 2021, the land is used for UC Berkeley housing, an elementary school, public fields, a community garden, and agricultural research plot...
Gill Tract
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In 1939 about 16 acres of the tract was granted to the federal government for a United States Department of Agriculture research campus, and in 1945 another 36 acres were conveyed as an agricultural experiment field station. During World War II the federal government requisitioned most of the Gill Tract, along with a l...
Gill Tract
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Berkeley students, many of whom were war veterans. University Village, a housing community for UC Berkeley students who are married or have dependents, occupies 52.5 of the original 104 acres. A nine-acre portion is the current site of Ocean View Elementary School and public baseball fields.
Gill Tract
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Urban gardening plots are available to University Village residents on 6.6 acres at the western edge of the Gill Tract. Ten acres of arable, undeveloped land are used for urban agriculture and agricultural experimentation and research; bound by Buchanan St. to the north, Village Creek to the south, Jackson St.
Gill Tract
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to the west, and San Pablo Ave. to the east. Four acres of trees and grasses known as Albany Meadows, formerly University Village residential buildings, serve as part of a wildlife corridor in the East Bay.
Gill Tract
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The remaining six acres held facilities for agricultural experimentation and student residential buildings until their demolition in 2007. These two areas; bound by Village creek to the north, Codornices creek to the south, San Pablo Avenue to the east, and Jackson Street to the west, are included in a plan for commerc...
Gill Tract
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The land now known as the Gill Tract lays within the territory of native Ohlone people.
Gill Tract
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On August 3, 1820 Luis María Peralta received a Spanish land grant that included the acreage at Gill Tract.
Gill Tract
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Sometime after the 1848 Mexican–American War, a person by the name of Captain B.D. Boswell assumed ownership of land that includes today's Gill Tract. This Captain Boswell then sold the piece of land to its namesake, Edward Gill, around 1890. Edward Gill, a horticulturalist, built a home on the land and established a l...
Gill Tract
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On February 14, 1928, the regents of the University of California purchased the 104 acre Gill Tract for $450,000.
Gill Tract
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In 1943 the federal government announced to local officials its plan to requisition a portion of the Gill Tract to construct wartime housing. The announcement of this plan was opposed by political and business leaders in Berkeley and Albany, as well as some regents of the University of California. City officials oppose...
Gill Tract
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John Melville, the first on-site manager of Codornices Village, stressed that no racial restrictions would apply to applicants for housing. Beginning in May 1944 housing in Codornices Village was made available to families of civilian workers in wartime industries, including Black migratory workers from the South as we...
Gill Tract
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Navy personnel. All of the social services in the village were racially integrated from the onset, two decades before the civil rights movement. These services included child-care centers, an elementary school (Codornices School), and a church.
Gill Tract
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Codornices School, part of the Albany School District, served both Albany and Berkeley residents. By August 1944 Codornices Village comprised 1,896 residential units; 1,056 units were located on 75 acres of the Gill Tract (15 city blocks) within the City of Berkeley, while the remainder were located on 42 acres of the ...
Gill Tract
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In the Spring of 1946 the Federal Housing Authority disassembled nine two-story fourteen-unit apartment buildings in Oregon and reassembled them in Albany on the Gill Tract near the intersections of Jackson and Buchanan Streets. The project was known as Albany Veterans Village at Gill Court, and became the home to vete...
Gill Tract
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On April 15, 1956, the UC Regents purchased 40 buildings of the portion of the Codornices Village located on Gill Tract and 14 buildings that comprised the Kula Gulf Veterans Housing from the Federal Housing Authority for $44,000. One week after this purchase the business manager for UC Berkeley, William W. Monham, rec...
Gill Tract
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University Village continues today as a housing community for UC Berkeley students who are married or have dependents. A study on the Village Residents Association found that 46% of residents utilize food assistance programs. This is one of the reasons students and others hope to maintain this space as farm land.
Gill Tract
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In 2017, a development including a Sprouts grocery store and a retirement home was completed.
Gill Tract
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Beginning in 1969, plots for urban agriculture were available to residents of the University Village. Until 1975 the University would provide irrigation and an annual till free of charge. In 1979, a 12 x 20 foot plot cost $1 per year. By 1984 a plot cost $5 tilled, and $2 without a till.
Gill Tract
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By 1990 and thereafter, the charge for a plot was $10 for the first one and $5 for each additional one. Hoses and water were always provided free of charge and a till cost $8 per plot.Today, small plots for urban agriculture are available exclusively to University Village residents on 6.6 acres at the western edge of t...
Gill Tract
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Since 1944, 36 acres of the Gill Tract were used as an experiment station for Biological Pest Management; known as the Experiment Station for the Center for Biological Control in the College of Natural Resources. In 1998, experimental land for the Center for Biological Control was drastically limited in order to accomm...
Gill Tract
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Occupy the Farm, also called "take back the tract", has been a social movement that started with the 2012 occupation of the Gill Tract in Albany, California, in protest of planned commercial development of public land and in support of preserving the land for the creation of an open center for urban agroecology and foo...
Gill Tract
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Aven Colony is a city-building strategy video game developed by Mothership Entertainment and published by Team17. The Beta was released on September 8, 2016 on Microsoft Windows. The main storyline revolves around the human colonisation of an alien planet, in which a new colony must be built in order to survive.
Aven Colony
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Aven Colony involves building a new human city on Aven Prime, an alien planet light-years away from Earth. The player oversees construction, resources, and people within the colony. The colony must be built from scratch and over time additional colonists will arrive. There are many different buildings, ranging from ten...
Aven Colony
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These buildings serve many purposes including oxygen creation, living quarters, food cultivation, resource mining, protection of the colony, exploration and expansion. Flying drones are used to build, upgrade, recycle and manage everything in the colony.
Aven Colony
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The colonists themselves travel around walking or in Hover cars. There is a day and night-cycle, and during the night cycle everything freezes over so food will not grow and solar panels work at 50%.
Aven Colony
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The colony must also cope with various environmental conditions including storms, dust devils, toxic gas and shard storms. There is an alien called "the creep" which grows over buildings covering them in its tentacles; however, drones can be built to remove "the creep". There are other alien threats that may attack a c...
Aven Colony
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Research can be carried out to improve the crops that can be grown, and there are over a dozen different types of crop. There is a morale system which can be influenced by several different factors including food, living conditions, employment, crime and social policies set by the player. Regular elections are held in ...
Aven Colony
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Ancient alien artefacts can be discovered and used as the colony expands. Sub-colonies can be built in the area surrounding the main colony, there are four different types of sub-colony.To control all of this there are twelve different menus which give the player information about the colony. These menus include detail...
Aven Colony
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The game speed can be adjusted up to eight times normal speed and paused at any time. There are three different camera modes each giving a different view of the colony and surrounding area, these modes include: surveillance camera mode, satellite camera mode and an overworld map. There are two main game modes. Campaign...
Aven Colony
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Aven Colony was in development for two and a half years. The beta was published on 8 September 2016 on Itch.io and the full version of the game was released for download on 25 July 2017 on Steam, Itch.io, Xbox One and PlayStation 4. A physical boxed version was available from 1 August 2017. Since the release of the gam...
Aven Colony
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The first major update was published for PC on 31 August 2017, and was labelled as "Content drop one". This update added 11 new buildings including; a space elevator, a decontamination unit and new decorative buildings. This update also has a new sandbox map called "Serpent Isle" and a new transport system using Hover ...
Aven Colony
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This content drop was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on the 19 December 2017.The second major update for the game was released for PC on 5 December 2017. This update was labelled as "Content drop two: The Expedition Update". This update mainly focuses on the enabling the expansion of your colony to sub-colonie...
Aven Colony
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As such the new features include 4 different types of remote settlement, a new building for remote settlements called "The colony terminal", Ark vessels which are used to build remote settlements, a new two-tier Expedition centre, and an upgraded combat ship. There are multiple improvements to the camera modes which al...
Aven Colony
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The game has a Metacritic score of 73 out of 100. Polygon gave the game, a 5 out of 10.
Aven Colony
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An abrasion collar, also known as an abrasion ring or abrasion rim, is a narrow ring of stretched, abraded skin immediately surrounding projectile wounds, such as gunshot wounds. It is most commonly associated with entrance wounds and is a mechanical defect due to a projectile's penetration through the skin. It is caus...
Abrasion collar
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This defect is most often seen around rifled firearm entrance wounds due to the striations or grooves in the bullet's surface caused by the rifling on the inside of the weapon's barrel; however, certain other high-velocity projectile wounds can also have the same effect.An abrasion collar is usually found in associatio...
Abrasion collar
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In the case of gunshot wounds from unjacketed lead alloy bullets or dirty bullets, a phenomenon known as bullet wipe may be observed, which forms a ring of greasy residue known as a grease or dirt collar that overlays the abrasion collar and is caused by deposits on the skin's surface. Generally, these deposits contain...
Abrasion collar
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The bullet's angle of trajectory at the point where it penetrates the skin can influence the shape of the abrasion collar. This can be used by forensic pathologists in discerning an approximate angle of entry and is important in investigations of gunshot wound victims, where evidence of the gunshot's origin is necessar...
Abrasion collar
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The bullet shape influences the size of the abrasion collar. High velocity bullets with pointed, narrow, or spitzer tips, such as rifle rounds, and full metal jacket bullets are less likely to produce abrasion collars compared to lower-velocity, semi-jacketed civilian bullets, such as bullets fired from handguns, which...
Abrasion collar
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Towards the end of a bullet's effective range, it tends to lose axial stability and will begin to yaw or even tumble end-over-end. This means it may impact the skin while travelling sideways, and the resulting wound may be distorted, irregular in shape, or even slit-like, such that it does not resemble a conventional e...
Abrasion collar
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Similarly misshapen wounds can be caused by the distortion of the bullet if it hits an intermediate object (including another part of the victim's own body, in what is known as a re-entrant wound) before penetrating the skin surface. However, careful examination of the wound under magnification may show the inverted wo...
Abrasion collar
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The Ministry of Education and Research (Romanian: Ministerul Educației și Cercetării) is one of the fourteen ministries of the Government of Moldova. The ministry was established on 27 May 1953. In 2017, as part of the government reform in Moldova, the Ministry of Culture was renamed to Ministry of Education, Culture a...
Ministry of Education and Research (Moldova)
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A pedagogical grammar is a modern approach in linguistics intended to aid in teaching an additional language.
Pedagogical grammar
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This method of teaching is divided into the descriptive: grammatical analysis, and the prescriptive: the articulation of a set of rules. Following an analysis of the context in which it is to be used, one grammatical form or arrangement of words will be determined to be the most appropriate. It helps in learning the gr...
Pedagogical grammar
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Flea treatments are procedures used to treat flea infestations in human or animal populations. They may treat both the itching caused by bites and may remove or kill the fleas themselves.
Flea treatments
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The itching associated with flea bites can be treated with anti-itch creams, usually antihistamines or hydrocortisone.Calamine lotion has been shown to be effective for itching.
Flea treatments
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Modern flea control is approached using integrated pest management (IPM) protocols at the host (pet) level. IPM is achieved by targeting fleas during at least two separate life stages, with at least two separate molecules. This is typically achieved using an adulticide to kill adult fleas and an insect development inhi...
Flea treatments
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Flea adults, larvae, or eggs can be controlled with insecticides. Lufenuron is a veterinary preparation (known as Program) that attacks the larval flea's ability to produce chitin, necessary for the adult's hard exoskeleton, but it does not kill fleas. Flea medicines need to be used with care because many of them also ...
Flea treatments
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Pyrethrin based flea treatments meant for dogs can be hazardous to cats. Flea and tick ointment is also hazardous to humans. If the product comes into contact with human skin, it is recommended to wash thoroughly with soap and water.Since more than three-quarters of a flea's life is spent somewhere other than on the ho...
Flea treatments
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Thorough vacuuming, washing linens in hot water, and treating all hosts in the immediate environment (the entire household, for example) is essential for successful eradication. These steps should be performed on a regular basis.Contemporary commercial products for the topical treatment of flea infestations on pets con...
Flea treatments
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Flea infestation in the home is treated in various ways. Insecticides. A spot-on insecticide kills the fleas on the pet. A fogger or spray insecticide containing an insect growth regulator, such as pyriproxyfen or methoprene can kill eggs and pupae, which are quite resistant to insecticides.
Flea treatments
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A comparison of 3 insecticides (selamectin, fipronil, imidacloprid) showed that selamectin reduced larval cat fleas ≥93.5% after 24 h at doses of ≥0.3 μg. In contrast, at 24 h neither fipronil nor imidacloprid reached 90% reduction, even at the highest doses tested (0.5 μg for fipronil and 5.0 μg for imidacloprid). A s...
Flea treatments
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Vacuuming. Frequent and thorough vacuuming is also helpful. The vacuum must be used around everything the animal frequents in order to pick up all the larvae and eggs.
Flea treatments
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Traditional advice recommends disposing of the bag after each vacuuming. One very limited experiment (only one vacuum sweeper used on a single type of carpeted surface) found that vacuuming killed 96% of adult fleas and 100% of younger fleas. This preliminary study's applicability to other circumstances is unclear.Diat...
Flea treatments
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However, diatomaceous earth dust is harmful to pets and people when inhaled, requiring use of a dust mask to apply.Bathing dramatically reduces the flea population on a badly infested animal, especially when in combination with a mild detergent or shampoo and brushing or combing. Borax can be used to treat flea infesta...
Flea treatments
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Fleas cannot withstand high temperatures, so a turn through the dryer on medium or high kills fleas on clothing.Water and detergent. Fleas can be drowned by immersion for about 24 hours; they may appear to be dead if immersed for shorter times, but can revive after some hours. Soaps and surfactants can facilitate the d...
Flea treatments
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In discourse-based grammatical theory, information flow is any tracking of referential information by speakers. Information may be new, i.e., just introduced into the conversation; given, i.e., already active in the speakers' consciousness; or old, i.e., no longer active. The various types of activation, and how these ...
Information flow
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active, passive, or middle voice. choice of deixis, such as articles; "medial" deictics such as Spanish ese and Japanese sore are generally determined by the familiarity of a referent rather than by physical distance. overtness of information, such as whether an argument of a verb is indicated by a lexical noun phrase,...
Information flow
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Clefting: Splitting a single clause into two clauses, each with its own verb, e.g. ‘The chicken turtles tasted like chicken.’ becomes ‘It was the chicken turtle | that tasted like chicken.’ In this case, clefting is used to shift the focus of the sentence to the subject, the chicken turtle. Front Focus: Placing at the ...
Information flow
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End Focus (End Weight): Given or familiar information followed by new information. This gives prominence to the final part of the sentences and can enable suspense to build, e.g. ‘Through the door came a gigantic wolf’. (Umer Prince) == References ==
Information flow
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The resignation of Jacinda Ardern as the 40th prime minister of New Zealand and leader of the Labour Party was announced on 19 January 2023, at a press conference given by Ardern at the War Memorial Centre in Napier, Hawke's Bay. Regarded as one of New Zealand's most important and popular leaders in recent history, Ard...
Resignation of Jacinda Ardern
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Some expressed concern that far-right abuse and often misogynistic threats Ardern received in the aftermath of her government's COVID-19 policies may have played a role, with threats against her having almost tripled over three years. Such interpretations were denied by Ardern and criticised as patronising or sexist by...
Resignation of Jacinda Ardern
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The announcement triggered a Labour Party leadership election, which saw Leader of the House Chris Hipkins elected unopposed to succeed her. Hipkins praised Ardern's leadership immediately and then condemned any threats made against her. After Ardern officially tendered her resignation to Governor-General Cindy Kiro, H...
Resignation of Jacinda Ardern
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On 1 August 2017, just seven weeks before the 2017 general election, Ardern assumed the position of leader of the Labour Party, and consequently became leader of the Opposition, following the resignation of Andrew Little. Little stood down due to the party's historically low polling. Ardern was unanimously confirmed in...
Resignation of Jacinda Ardern