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It is similarly interior, connective tissue, but it is more specifically the central layer of hyphae running from the underside of the mushroom cap to the lamella or gill, upon which the hymenium rests. Various types have been classified by their structure, including trametoid, cantharelloid, boletoid, and agaricoid, w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trama_(mycology) |
This is related to the basidiocarp trama being "filler" tissue and that analogously the woof yarn in weaving is sometimes called "fill". Furthermore, the trama tends to be soft tissue, and in weaving, the woof yarn is not tightly stretched; it therefore need not as a rule be as strong as the warp yarn. == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trama_(mycology) |
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota: Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body. Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleomorph,_anamorph_and_holomorph |
In myelofibrosis, the most common side effects include thrombocytopenia (low blood platelet counts), anaemia (low red blood cell counts), neutropenia (low levels of neutrophils), urinary tract infections (infection of the kidney, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder or urethra), bleeding, bruising, weight gain, hypercholester... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruxolitinib |
In myeloid cells, IRF8 regulates the expression of Bax and Fas to regulate apoptosis. In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), IRF8 regulates acid ceramidase to mediate CML apoptosis.IRF8 is highly expressed in myeloid cells and was originally identified in as a critical lineage-specific transcription factor for myeloid ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRF8 |
In myocardial infarction, a limited region of the heart muscle has reduced or totally absent function. It has been shown to be at least as accurate as B-mode echocardiography. Deformation imaging has also been shown to be useful in following recovery of an infarcted myocardial area, to ascertain the amount of Myocardia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain_rate_imaging |
In myocytes (muscle cells) Ca2+ is normally sequestered (isolated) in a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) called sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). It is a Ca2+ ATPase that transfers Ca2+ from the cytosol of the cell to the lumen of the SR at the expense of ATP hydrolysis during muscle relaxation. In the skeleta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_ATPase |
In myocytes, sarcomeres adhere to the sarcolemma via costameres, which align at Z-discs and M-lines. The two primary cytoskeletal components of costameres are desmin intermediate filaments and gamma-actin microfilaments. It has been shown that gamma-actin interacting with another costameric protein dystrophin is critic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actin,_cytoplasmic_2 |
Additional studies have shown that gamma-actin colocalizes with alpha-actinin and GFP-labeled gamma actin localized to Z-discs, whereas GFP-alpha-actin localized to pointed ends of thin filaments, indicating that gamma actin specifically localizes to Z-discs in striated muscle cells.During development of myocytes, gamm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actin,_cytoplasmic_2 |
In myrtles the hypanthium can either surround the ovary loosely or tightly; in some cases it can be fused to the walls of the ovary. It can vary in length. The rims around the outside of the hypanthium contain the calyx lobes or free sepals, petals and either the stamen or multiple stamen that are attached at one or tw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypanthium |
The nectar is a sugary substance that attracts birds and bees to the flower, who then take the pollen from the lining of the hypanthium and transfer it to the next flower they visit, usually a neighbouring plant.The stamens borne on the hypanthium are the pollen-producing reproductive organs of the flower. The hypanthi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypanthium |
The retained pollen can then attach to pollinators such as birds, bees, moths, beetles, bats, butterflies and other animals. Wind can act as an instigator for fertilisation. The hypanthium is also an adaptive feature for structural support. It helps the stem fuse with the flower, in turn strengthening the bond and over... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypanthium |
In mystical and contemplative traditions, mystical experiences are not a goal in themselves, but part of a larger path of self-transformation. For example, the Zen Buddhist training does not end with kenshō, but practice is to be continued to deepen the insight and to express it in daily life. To deepen the initial ins... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystical_experience |
In myth, Marsyas the satyr was supposed to have invented the aulos, or else picked it up after Athena had thrown it away because it caused her cheeks to puff out and ruined her beauty. In any case, he challenged Apollo to a musical contest, where the winner would be able to "do whatever he wanted" to the loser—Marsyas'... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos |
King Midas was cursed with donkey's ears for judging Apollo as the lesser player. Marsyas's blood and the tears of the Muses formed the river Marsyas in Asia Minor.This tale was a warning against committing the sin of "hubris", or overweening pride, in that Marsyas thought he might win against a god. Strange and brutal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos |
In the temple to Apollo at Delphi, there was also a shrine to Dionysus, and his Maenads are shown on drinking cups playing the aulos, but Dionysus is sometimes shown holding a kithara or lyre. So a modern interpretation can be a little more complicated than just simple duality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos |
This opposition is mostly an Athenian one. It might be surmised that things were different at Thebes, which was a center of aulos-playing. At Sparta—which had no Bacchic or Korybantic cults to serve as contrast—the aulos was actually associated with Apollo, and accompanied the hoplites into battle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulos |
In mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Great Lakes, underwater panthers are described as water monsters that live in opposition to the Thunderbirds, masters of the powers of the air. Underwater Panthers are seen as an opposing yet complementary force to the Thunderbirds, and they are engaged in eternal conflic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_panther |
: 60 The creatures are thought to roar or hiss in the sounds of storms or rushing rapids.Mishipizheu were said to live in the deepest parts of lakes and rivers, where they can cause storms. : 60 Some traditions believed the underwater panthers to be helpful, protective creatures, but more often they were viewed as male... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_panther |
In mythology and fantasy, a fire-breathing monster is a monster with the ability to shoot fire from its mouth. The concept of a fire-breathing monster is shared by various mythological traditions throughout history, and is also a common element of monsters in the fantasy genre, especially dragons, which are almost alwa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire-breathing_monster |
In mythology and folklore, a vengeful ghost or vengeful spirit is said to be the spirit of a dead person who returns from the afterlife to seek revenge for a cruel, unnatural or unjust death. In certain cultures where funeral and burial or cremation ceremonies are important, such vengeful spirits may also be considered... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malevolent_spirit |
In mythology and literature she is often called dread(ed) Persephone, and queen of the underworld, within which tradition it was forbidden to speak her name. This tradition comes from her conflation with the very old chthonic divinity Despoina (" mistress"), whose real name could not be revealed to anyone except those ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persephone |
In Homer's Odyssey, Odysseus encounters the "dread Persephone" in Tartarus when he visits his dead mother. Odysseus sacrifices a ram to the chthonic goddess Persephone and the ghosts of the dead who drink the blood of the sacrificed animal. In the reformulation of Greek mythology expressed in the Orphic Hymns, Dionysus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persephone |
In mythology and the study of folklore and religion, a trickster is a character in a story (god, goddess, spirit, human or anthropomorphisation) who exhibits a great degree of intellect or secret knowledge and uses it to play tricks or otherwise disobey normal rules and defy conventional behavior. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trickster_god |
In mythology, a chimera is a creature such as a hippogriff or a gryphon formed from parts of different animals, thus the name for these viruses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimeric_virus |
In mythology, creation or cosmogonic myths are narratives describing the beginning of the universe or cosmos. Some methods of the creation of the universe in mythology include: the will or action of a supreme being or beings, the process of metamorphosis, the copulation of female and male deities, from chaos, or via a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmogony |
Creation myths vary, but they may share similar deities or symbols. For instance, the ruler of the gods in Greek mythology, Zeus, is similar to the ruler of the gods in Roman mythology, Jupiter. Another example is the ruler of the gods in Tagalog mythology, Bathala, who is similar to various rulers of certain pantheons... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmogony |
In mythology, legend or fiction, a magic sword is a sword with magical powers or other supernatural qualities. Renowned swords appear in the folklore of every nation that used swords.In some traditions, the sword is ascribed no powers of its own. It is famous because it is the hero's sword, or because of its origin, as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_sword |
Other swords keep their wielders safe or destroy their enemies. A more localized motif is the sword that has been broken and must be reforged, commonly found in Northern Europe. Such a sword symbolizes the initial defeat and loss of honor of its wielder. Subsequent victory and the restoration of honor is achieved by re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_sword |
In mythopoeia, an artificial mythology created by writers of prose or other fiction, traditional mythological themes and archetypes are integrated into fiction. Some works of mythopoeia also feature creation myths: Ainulindalë from Tolkien's The Silmarillion | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_creation_myths |
In myths, the opening of the capsule releases the treasure of sesame seeds, as applied in the story of "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves" when the phrase "Open Sesame" magically opens a sealed cave. Upon ripening, sesame pods split, releasing a pop and possibly indicating the origin of this phrase.Sesame seeds are used c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesame_seed |
In n dimensions, an affine space group, or Bieberbach group, is a discrete subgroup of isometries of n-dimensional Euclidean space with a compact fundamental domain. Bieberbach (1911, 1912) proved that the subgroup of translations of any such group contains n linearly independent translations, and is a free abelian sub... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallographic_group |
Zassenhaus (1948) showed that conversely any group that is the extension of Zn by a finite group acting faithfully is an affine space group. Combining these results shows that classifying space groups in n dimensions up to conjugation by affine transformations is essentially the same as classifying isomorphism classes ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallographic_group |
In n dimensions, when all i1, ...,in, j1, ..., jn take values 1, 2, ..., n: where the exclamation mark (!) denotes the factorial, and δα...β... is the generalized Kronecker delta. For any n, the property ∑ i , j , k , ⋯ = 1 n ε i j k … ε i j k … = n ! {\displaystyle \sum _{i,j,k,\dots =1}^{n}\varepsilon _{ijk\dots }\va... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi-Civita_symbol |
In n {\displaystyle n} -dimensional Euclidean space, the maximum number of mutually tangent hyperspheres is n + 2 {\displaystyle n+2} . For example, in 3-dimensional space, five spheres can be mutually tangent. The curvatures of the hyperspheres satisfy with the case k i = 0 {\displaystyle k_{i}=0} corresponding to a f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soddy_circle |
In n {\displaystyle n} -dimensional flat space, that is Euclidean space or pseudo-Euclidean space, there exist globally flat coordinates in which we have a constant metric g μ ν = η μ ν {\displaystyle g_{\mu \nu }=\eta _{\mu \nu }} where in space with signature ( p , q ) {\displaystyle (p,q)} , we have components ( η μ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformal_Killing_vector_field |
These generate the Poincaré group of isometries of flat space. Considering the ansatz X μ = M μ ν x ν , {\displaystyle X^{\mu }=M^{\mu \nu }x_{\nu },} , we remove the antisymmetric part of M μ ν {\displaystyle M^{\mu \nu }} as this corresponds to known solutions, and we're looking for new solutions. Then M μ ν {\displa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformal_Killing_vector_field |
It follows that this is a dilatation, with M ν μ = λ δ ν μ {\displaystyle M_{\nu }^{\mu }=\lambda \delta _{\nu }^{\mu }} for real λ {\displaystyle \lambda } , and corresponding Killing vector X μ = λ x μ {\displaystyle X^{\mu }=\lambda x^{\mu }} . From the general solution there are n {\displaystyle n} more generators,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformal_Killing_vector_field |
In n {\displaystyle n} -dimensional space R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} , uniform scaling by a factor v {\displaystyle v} is accomplished by scalar multiplication with v {\displaystyle v} , that is, multiplying each coordinate of each point by v {\displaystyle v} . As a special case of linear transformation, it ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_(geometry) |
A special case is a diagonal matrix, with arbitrary numbers v 1 , v 2 , … v n {\displaystyle v_{1},v_{2},\ldots v_{n}} along the diagonal: the axes of scaling are then the coordinate axes, and the transformation scales along each axis i {\displaystyle i} by the factor v i {\displaystyle v_{i}} . In uniform scaling with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_(geometry) |
In n-channel enhancement-mode devices, a conductive channel does not exist naturally within the transistor, and a positive gate-to-source voltage is necessary to create one such. The positive voltage attracts free-floating electrons within the body towards the gate, forming a conductive channel. But first, enough elect... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gate_voltage |
The reverse is true for the p-channel "enhancement-mode" MOS transistor. When VGS = 0 the device is “OFF” and the channel is open / non-conducting. The application of a negative gate voltage to the p-type "enhancement-mode" MOSFET enhances the channels conductivity turning it “ON”. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gate_voltage |
In contrast, n-channel depletion-mode devices have a conductive channel naturally existing within the transistor. Accordingly, the term threshold voltage does not readily apply to turning such devices on, but is used instead to denote the voltage level at which the channel is wide enough to allow electrons to flow easi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gate_voltage |
For the n-channel depletion MOS transistor, a negative gate-source voltage will deplete (hence its name) the conductive channel of its free electrons switching the transistor “OFF”. Likewise for a p-channel "depletion-mode" MOS transistor a positive gate-source voltage will deplete the channel of its free holes, turnin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gate_voltage |
In the figures, the source (left side) and drain (right side) are labeled n+ to indicate heavily doped (blue) n-regions. The depletion layer dopant is labeled NA− to indicate that the ions in the (pink) depletion layer are negatively charged and there are very few holes. In the (red) bulk the number of holes p = NA mak... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gate_voltage |
If the gate voltage is below the threshold voltage (left figure), the "enhancement-mode" transistor is turned off and ideally there is no current from the drain to the source of the transistor. In fact, there is a current even for gate biases below the threshold (subthreshold leakage) current, although it is small and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gate_voltage |
If the gate voltage is above the threshold voltage (right figure), the "enhancement-mode" transistor is turned on, due to there being many electrons in the channel at the oxide-silicon interface, creating a low-resistance channel where charge can flow from drain to source. For voltages significantly above the threshold... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gate_voltage |
In n-dimensional Euclidean space over the real numbers, R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} , the standard basis is denoted e1, e2, e3, ... en. Each basis vector ei points along the positive xi axis, with the basis being orthonormal. Component j of ei is given by the Kronecker delta: A vector in R n {\displaystyle \ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_tensor |
In n-dimensional space, Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution becomes: Speed distribution becomes: The following integral result is useful: where Γ ( z ) {\displaystyle \Gamma (z)} is the Gamma function. This result can be used to calculate the moments of speed distribution function: which is the mean speed itself v a v g = ⟨... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root-mean-square_speed |
{\textstyle v_{\rm {rms}}={\sqrt {\langle v^{2}\rangle }}={\sqrt {\frac {nkT}{m}}}.} The derivative of speed distribution function: This yields the most probable speed (mode) v p = ( n − 1 ) k T m . {\textstyle v_{\rm {p}}={\sqrt {\frac {(n-1)kT}{m}}}.} | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root-mean-square_speed |
In n-pentane, the terminal methyl groups experience additional pentane interference. Replacing hydrogen by fluorine in polytetrafluoroethylene changes the stereochemistry from the zigzag geometry to that of a helix due to electrostatic repulsion of the fluorine atoms in the 1,3 positions. Evidence for the helix structu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_alkane_conformation |
In nail salons, employees can be exposed to dozens of chemicals found in nail polish and nail polish removers. Nail polishes have many ingredients which are considered toxic, including solvents, resins, colorants and pigments, among others. In the early 2000's some of the toxic components found in nail polish (toluene,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_pharmaceuticals_and_personal_care_products |
One of the new components was triphenyl phosphate which is known as a endocrine-disrupting plasticizer. Now many labels are available including not only 3-Free but higher, for example 5-Free or 12-Free. There are few studies on the possible health outcomes of nail polish exposures; these include skin problems, respirat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_pharmaceuticals_and_personal_care_products |
In naive set theory, a set is described as a well-defined collection of objects. These objects are called the elements or members of the set. Objects can be anything: numbers, people, other sets, etc. For instance, 4 is a member of the set of all even integers. Clearly, the set of even numbers is infinitely large; ther... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naïve_set_theory |
In name-based virtual hosting, also called shared IP hosting, the virtual hosts serve multiple hostnames on a single machine with a single IP address. This is possible because when a web browser requests a resource from a web server using HTTP/1.1 it includes the requested hostname as part of the request. The server us... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_hosting |
In names, the standard rule in the English language is to capitalize: The first word and last word in the title. All other words other than coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, nor), prepositions (to, over, in, for), articles (an, a, the), and the word to in infinitives. Note that short verbs (Is, Are, Be, Do) and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians/Style |
In naming the species, Née compared it to a species illustrated in Leonard Plukenet's Phytographia under the descriptive name "Ilex folio agrifolii americana, forte agria, vel aquifolia glandifera" which Plukenet had compared, in his Almagestum botanicum, to Luigi Anguillara's Agrifolia glandifera, the noun 'Agrifolia'... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast_live_oak |
In nano-optics, a plasmonic lens generally refers to a lens for surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), i.e. a device that redirects SPPs to converge towards a single focal point. Because SPPs can have very small wavelength, they can converge into a very small and very intense spot, much smaller than the free space waveleng... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmonic_lens |
The slits transport electromagnetic energy in the form of SPPs in nano meter sized waveguides and provide desired phase adjustments for manipulating the beam of light. The scientists claim that it is an improvement over other subwavelength imaging techniques, such as "superlenses", where the object and image are confin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmonic_lens |
In nanobiotechnology, a peptoid nanosheet is a synthetic protein structure made from peptoids. Peptoid nanosheets have a thickness of about three nanometers and a length of up to 100 micrometers, meaning that they have a two-dimensional, flat shape that resembles paper on the nanoscale.This makes them one of the thinne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptoid_nanosheet |
In nanoelectronics, nanoscale thickness was demonstrated in the gate oxide and thin films used in transistors as early as the 1960s, but it was not until the late 1990s that MOSFETs (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors) with nanoscale gate length were demonstrated. Nanotechnology and nanoscience got a bo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_nanotechnology |
In nanogap cells the high electric field can distribute uniformly across the entire gap (see section "Electric field distribution"). This is different from ion transport in the macrosystem: now newly generated OH− ions can immediately migrate from cathode to anode. In the case where the two electrodes are close enough,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_breakdown_mechanism |
In this way the entire reaction can keep going and not self-limit. Notice that for pure water electrolysis in nanogap cells, the net OH− ion accumulation near the anode not only increases the local reactant concentration but also decreases the overpotential requirement (as in the Frumkin effect). According to Butler–Vo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_breakdown_mechanism |
In nanotechnology, a carbon nanobud is a material that combines carbon nanotubes and spheroidal fullerenes, both allotropes of carbon, forming "buds" attached to the tubes. Carbon nanobuds were discovered and synthesized in 2006.In this material, fullerenes are bonded with covalent bonds to the outer sidewalls of the u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanobud |
In nanotechnology, a megalibrary is an assembly of millions of nanostructures. Its contents vary by size, composition, and shape. A single megalibrary may contain more new inorganic materials than have been synthesized and characterized to date. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalibrary_(nanotech) |
In nanotechnology, carbon nanotube interconnects refer to the proposed use of carbon nanotubes in the interconnects between the elements of an integrated circuit. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be thought of as single atomic layer graphite sheets rolled up to form seamless cylinders. Depending on the direction on which th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotubes_in_interconnects |
Electron transport can go over long nanotube lengths, 1 μm, enabling CNTs to carry very high currents (i.e. up to a current density of 109 A∙cm−2) with essentially no heating due to nearly one dimensional electronic structure. Despite the current saturation in CNTs at high fields, the mitigation of such effects is poss... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotubes_in_interconnects |
Hybrid interconnects that employ CNT vias in tandem with copper interconnects may offer advantages in reliability and thermal-management. In 2016, the European Union has funded a four million euro project over three years to evaluate manufacturability and performance of composite interconnects employing both CNT and co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotubes_in_interconnects |
In nanotechnology, nanorods are one morphology of nanoscale objects. Each of their dimensions range from 1–100 nm. They may be synthesized from metals or semiconducting materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_nanorods |
Standard aspect ratios (length divided by width) are 3-5. Nanorods are produced by direct chemical synthesis. A combination of ligands act as shape control agents and bond to different facets of the nanorod with different strengths. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_nanorods |
This allows different faces of the nanorod to grow at different rates, producing an elongated object. One potential application of nanorods is in display technologies, because the reflectivity of the rods can be changed by changing their orientation with an applied electric field. Another application is for microelectr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_nanorods |
Nanorods, along with other noble metal nanoparticles, also function as theragnostic agents. Nanorods absorb in the near IR, and generate heat when excited with IR light. This property has led to the use of nanorods as cancer therapeutics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_nanorods |
Nanorods can be conjugated with tumor targeting motifs and ingested. When a patient is exposed to IR light (which passes through body tissue), nanorods selectively taken up by tumor cells are locally heated, destroying only the cancerous tissue while leaving healthy cells intact. Nanorods based on semiconducting materi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_nanorods |
In nanotechnology, particularly in nanobots, the need for a sound programming architecture is very important due to a potentially higher risk of damage in the event of a malfunction. A two-layer approach can be used to control nano-devices: (1) by providing a preprogrammed fail-safe functionality in case of anticipated... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fail-safes_in_nanotechnology |
In nanotechnology, phased-array optics refers to arrays of lasers or SLMs with addressable phase and amplitude elements smaller than a wavelength of light. While still theoretical, such high-resolution arrays would permit extremely realistic three-dimensional image display by dynamic holography with no unwanted orders ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phased-array_optics |
In naphtha cracking process, C4R1 refers to C4 residual obtained after separation of 1,3-butadiene from C4 raffinate stream and which, mainly consists of isobutylene 40~50 wt% and cis- or trans-2-butene 30~35 wt%. Normally C4R1 is a side product in 1,3-butadiene plant and feed to tert-butyl alcohol plant. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffinate |
In naphtha cracking process, C4R2 refers to C4 residual obtained after separation of 1,3-butadiene and isobutylene from C4 raffinate stream and which mainly consists of cis- or trans-2-butene 50~60 wt%, 1-butene 10~15 wt%, and n-butane ~20 wt%. Normally C4R2 is a side product in tert-butyl alcohol plant if C4R1 is used... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffinate |
In naphtha cracking process, C4R3 refers to C4 residual obtained after separation of 1,3-butadiene, isobutylene, and 1-butene from C4 raffinate stream which mainly consists of cis- or trans-2-butene, n-butane, and unseparated 1-butene. Normally C4R3 is being process through a selective hydrogenation unit (SHU) and CDHy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffinate |
In naphtha cracking process, C4R4 refers to C4 residual obtained after separation of 1,3-butadiene, isobutylene, 1-butene, and cis- or trans-2-butene from C4 raffinate stream which mainly consists of n-butane. Normally C4R4 is a side product in tert-butyl alcohol plant if C4R3 is used for feed. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffinate |
In narrative past tense, the events of the plot occur before the narrator's present. This is by far the most common tense in which stories are expressed. This could be in the narrator's distant past or their immediate past, which for practical purposes is the same as their present. Past tense can be used regardless of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-person_narrative |
In narratives using present tense, the events of the plot are depicted as occurring in the narrator's current moment of time. A recent example of novels narrated in the present tense are those of the Hunger Games trilogy by Suzanne Collins. Present tense can also be used to narrate events in the reader's past. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-person_narrative |
This is known as "historical present". This tense is more common in spontaneous conversational narratives than in written literature, though it is sometimes used in literature to give a sense of immediacy of the actions. Screenplay action is also written in the present tense. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-person_narrative |
The future tense is the most rare, portraying the events of the plot as occurring some time after the narrator's present. Often, these upcoming events are described such that the narrator has foreknowledge (or supposed foreknowledge) of their future, so many future-tense stories have a prophetic tone. An example being ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-person_narrative |
In narrative theory, actant is a term from the actantial model of semiotic analysis of narratives. It refers to a way of describing the roles different characters have in advancing a narrative. The term also has uses in linguistics, sociology, computer programming theory, and astrology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actant |
In narratology and new media studies, the term transmediality is frequently used to refer to the concept of transmedia storytelling, which was coined by Henry Jenkins in 2006. Transmedia storytelling is the technique of unfolding a story across multiple media platforms, “with each new text making a distinctive and valu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmediality |
In national and sub-national governance, ad hoc bodies may be established to deal with specific problems not easily accommodated by the current structure of governance or to address multi-faceted issues spanning several areas of governance. In the UK and other commonwealth countries, ad hoc Royal Commissions may be set... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_Hoc |
In national income accounting, net national income (NNI) is net national product (NNP) minus indirect taxes. Net national income encompasses the income of households, businesses, and the government. Net national income is defined as gross domestic product plus net receipts of wages, salaries and property income from ab... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_national_income |
When net national income is adjusted for natural resource depletion, it is called Adjusted Net National Income, expressed as NNI* = C + I + G + NX + Net Foreign Factor Income – Indirect Taxes – manufactured capital depreciation – Natural Resource DepletionNatural resources are non-critical natural capital such as miner... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_national_income |
In national income accounting, per capita output can be calculated using the following factors: output per unit of labor input (labor productivity), hours worked (intensity), the percentage of the working-age population actually working (participation rate) and the proportion of the working-age population to the total ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_prosperity |
In national parks and state parks, feeding animals can result in malnourishment due to inappropriate diet and in disruption of natural hunting or food-gathering behavior. It can also be dangerous to the people doing the feeding.In the US, early 20th century park management actually encouraged animal feeding. For exampl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_not_feed_the_animals |
However, with a greater awareness of ecological and other issues, such pro-feeding policies are now viewed as detrimental, and US national parks now actively discourage animal feeding.In Canadian national parks, it is illegal to disturb or feed wildlife, and Parks Canada advises visitors not to leave out "food attracta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_not_feed_the_animals |
In national parks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, such as Kahuzi-Biéga National Park, heavily armed park rangers come into deadly conflict with the pygmy inhabitants who often cut the trees down to sell charcoal. The conservation efforts of national parks in the country are often financed by international orga... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortress_conservation |
In nations such as Tanzania and Ethiopia, governments struggle to provide adequate social protection, and citizens must instead depend on non-state actors and informal provisioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_protection |
In nations that have fully converted to digital television, broadcast safe analogue television takes on a slightly different meaning. All broadcasting systems will have been mostly converted to digital only outputs, leaving fewer entry points for analogue television signals. What this means is that all devices that fee... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast-safe |
Mostly it is up to the switcher to notify if there is non-broadcast safe video to the programmer. However, due to the limitations of many switchers for DTV and HDTV it ultimately is up to the automation systems to alert the programmer of non-broadcast safe video inputs. As a matter of broadcast engineering practice, 4:... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast-safe |
In nations where automobiles drive on the right side of a road, traffic traveling in a clockwise direction around a loop will always be in the "inner" lane(s) (assuming that there is no lane crossing). Likewise, traffic traveling in a counterclockwise direction will always be in the "outer" lane(s). "Inner" and "outer"... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner–outer_directions |
In nations with a reputation for having a high number of drug-related issues, including gang violence, drug trafficking, and overdose deaths, one common solution that government will enact is a collective campaign against drugs that spans the entirety of the state's establishment. Changes to address these issues encomp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excessive_force |
In native chemical ligation, the ionized thiol group of an N-terminal cysteine residue of an unprotected peptide attacks the C-terminal thioester of a second unprotected peptide, in an aqueous buffer at pH 7.0 and room temperature. This transthioesterification step is reversible in the presence of an aryl thiol catalys... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_chemical_ligation |
The most effective and commonly used thiol catalyst is 4-mercaptophenylacetic acid (MPAA), (ref). Regioselectivity:The key feature of native chemical ligation of unprotected peptides is the reversibility of the first step, the thiol(ate)–thioester exchange reaction. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_chemical_ligation |
Native chemical ligation is exquisitely regioselective because that thiol(ate)–thioester exchange step is freely reversible in the presence of an added arylthiol catalyst. The high yields of final ligation product obtained, even in the presence of internal Cys residues in either/both segments, is the result of the irre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_chemical_ligation |
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