text stringlengths 9 3.55k | source stringlengths 31 280 |
|---|---|
In new development, library dependency checking has been done in great part using pkg-config via the m4 macro, PKG_CHECK_MODULES. Before pkg-config gained popularity, separate m4 macros were created to locate files known to be included in the distribution of libraries depended upon. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configure_script |
In new home construction, wiring for all electrical services can be easily installed before the walls are finished. In existing buildings, installation of a new system, such as a security system or home theatre, may require additional effort to install concealed wiring. Multiple-unit dwellings such as condominiums and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_wiring |
For electric power supply, a cable is run either overhead or underground into a distribution board in the home. A distribution board, or circuit breaker panel, is typically a metal box mounted on a wall of the home. In many new homes, the location of the electrical switchboard is on the outside of the external wall of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_wiring |
In new product development, particularly those following agile software development approaches, there is always more to do than there is time or funding to permit (hence the need for prioritization). For example, should a team have too many potential epics (i.e., high-level stories) for the next release of their produc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MoSCoW_Method |
In newborn infants, capillary refill time can be measured by pressing on the sternum for five seconds with a finger or thumb, and noting the time needed for the color to return once the pressure is released (central CRT). The upper normal limit for capillary refill in newborns is 3 seconds. Capillary refill time can al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_refill |
A prolonged capillary refill time may be a sign of shock and can also indicate dehydration and may be a sign of dengue hemorrhagic fever and decreased peripheral perfusion. Prolonged capillary refill time may also suggest peripheral artery disease. It is generally accepted that the test is affected by many different ex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_refill |
In newborn infants, the larynx is initially at the level of the C2–C3 vertebrae, and is further forward and higher relative to its position in the adult body. The larynx descends as the child grows. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngeal_cavity |
In newborns and young (especially small) infants, the tip of the xiphoid process may be both seen and felt as a lump just below the sternal notch. Between 15 and 29 years of age, the xiphoid process usually fuses to the body of the sternum with a fibrous joint. Unlike the synovial articulation of major joints, this is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiphosternal_junction |
In newborns, jaundice tends to develop because of two factors—the breakdown of fetal hemoglobin as it is replaced with adult hemoglobin and the relatively immature metabolic pathways of the liver, which are unable to conjugate and so excrete bilirubin as quickly as an adult. This causes an accumulation of bilirubin in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_jaundice |
Prolonged neonatal jaundice is serious and should be followed up promptly.Severe neonatal jaundice may indicate the presence of other conditions contributing to the elevated bilirubin levels, of which there are a large variety of possibilities (see below). These should be detected or excluded as part of the differentia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_jaundice |
In newer books, the dedication is located on a "dedication page" on its own, usually on the recto page after the main title page inside the front matter. It can occupy one or multiple lines depending on its importance. It can also be "in a longer version as a dedication letter or dedication preface at the book's beginn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedication_(publishing) |
In newer cars, the socket is equipped with a plastic cover without the lighter heating element. However, the socket has been repurposed and continues to be used to power consumer electronics in vehicles. Often, a vehicle may come with several outlets for convenience, some in the rear passenger area of the vehicle or ev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_charger |
The use of cigarette lighter receptacles to supply 12 volt DC power is an example of backward compatibility to a de facto standard. As a power connector, the lighter receptacle is larger, harder to use and less reliable than other DC connectors. Cigarette lighter receptacles are in widespread use in many highway vehicl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_charger |
Portable cigarette lighter receptacles attached to cables and alligator clips for connection directly to car batteries are available for temporary use. In newer vehicles, one or more USB connectors may also be provided. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_charger |
Plus in newer cars, the power output from the lighter plug is so reliable that it can charge laptops, without any voltage problems. Standardized 12 volt DC automobile plugs are defined in the United States by UL Standard 2089 regarding vehicle battery adapters. This standard covers plugs and cord sets that insert into ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_charger |
In Europe, 12 volt plugs and sockets are not specially regulated and do not require approvals for the CE mark.The male plug is sometimes used to feed power into a vehicle to recharge its battery because it usually has no regulatory circuitry between the outlet and the car battery. For instance, portable solar battery m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_charger |
Most cars nowadays are designed with a battery-negative earthing system and therefore have a +12V positive power distribution. In such a case, the centre pin of a plug/socket will be +12V DC and the outer casing 0V. While polarity is not an issue for a cigarette lighter, it is prudent to verify the correct matching of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_charger |
In some models, the cigarette lighter outlet is not powered when the ignition key is removed and charging is not possible, though modification of the fuse box may allow unlocking continuous power output, by establishing a parallel circuit from a continuously powered fuse slot through a "piggyback" connector.Since the c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_charger |
A second problem is that nominally "twelve-volt" power in cars fluctuates widely. The outlet is connected directly to the electrical system of the car. The actual voltage, matching the car battery's voltage, will be approximately 12.5 volts when dormant (less in cold conditions), approximately 14.5 volts when the engin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_charger |
When used, DC to DC converters will usually compensate for small fluctuations, but reliable power may not be available without an independent battery-powered uninterruptible power supply. Rarely, more extreme cases of voltage fluctuation can occur when the car battery is disconnected while the engine is running, or whe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_charger |
The load dump transient may also ruin the diodes in the alternator by exceeding their breakdown voltage. A car receiving a jump start from a truck may be subject to a 24 V electrical system used in some vehicles. Also, a "double battery jump-start" is performed by some tow truck drivers in cold climates.Equipment inten... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_charger |
In news media and social media, an echo chamber is an environment or ecosystem in which participants encounter beliefs that amplify or reinforce their preexisting beliefs by communication and repetition inside a closed system and insulated from rebuttal. An echo chamber circulates existing views without encountering op... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_chamber_(media) |
On social media, it is thought that echo chambers limit exposure to diverse perspectives, and favor and reinforce presupposed narratives and ideologies.The term is a metaphor based on an acoustic echo chamber, in which sounds reverberate in a hollow enclosure. Another emerging term for this echoing and homogenizing eff... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_chamber_(media) |
In newts, metamorphosis occurs due to the change in habitat, not a change in diet, because newt larvae already feed as predators and continue doing so as adults. Newts' gills are never covered by a gill sac and will be resorbed only just before the animal leaves the water. Adults can move faster on land than in water. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphosis |
In nickel tetracarbonyl, the oxidation state for nickel is assigned as zero, because the Ni-C bonding electrons come from the C atom and are still assigned to C in the hypothetical ionic bond which determines the oxidation states. The formula conforms to the 18-electron rule. The molecule is tetrahedral, with four carb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni(CO)4 |
In night monkeys, mating occurs infrequently, however females are fertile year-round, with reproductive cycles range from 13 to 25 days. The gestation period for night monkey is approximately 117– 159 days but varies from species to species. Birthing season extends from September to March and is species-dependent, with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owl_monkey |
In nine diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy, renzapride reduced the mean lag phase of gastric emptying by 20–26 min at all doses (P < 0.01) In Phase 2a studies on subjects with constipation Renzapride was shown to accelerate colonic transit (p=0.016 vs placebo P=0.009) (Ref: ATL 1251/001/CL) as well as increase... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzapride |
For females the treatment effect was larger, 61% (renzapride 4 mg) vs 49% (placebo). Statistically significant effects in favour of renzapride were observed for improvements in stool consistency and increased bowel movements.In the Phase III clinical trial in IBS-C, 1798 female patients received either 2 or 4 mg Renzap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzapride |
The mean number of months with relief of overall symptoms was 0.6, 0.55 and 0.44 for renzapride 2 mg twice a day, renzapride 4 mg once a day and placebo, respectively, with both renzapride doses being statistically superior to placebo (p=0.004 and p=0.027, respectively). On responder analysis, the proportion of respond... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzapride |
In nine out of ten people with tone deafness, the superior arcuate fasciculus in the right hemisphere could not be detected, suggesting a disconnection between the posterior superior temporal gyrus and the posterior inferior frontal gyrus. Researchers suggested the posterior superior temporal gyrus was the origin of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_fasciculus |
In nine passages of the Masoretic Text are found signs usually called inverted nuns, because they resemble the Hebrew letter nun ( נ ) written in some inverted fashion. The exact shape varies between different manuscripts and printed editions. In many manuscripts, a reversed nun is found referred to as a nun hafucha by... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masoretic_Text |
The recent scholarly editions of the Masoretic Text show the reversed nun as described by the masoretes. In some manuscripts, however, other symbols are occasionally found instead. These are sometimes referred to in rabbinical literature as simaniyot (markers).The primary set of inverted nuns is found surrounding the t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masoretic_Text |
The Mishna notes that this text is 85 letters long and dotted. This demarcation of this text leads to the later use of the inverted nun markings. Saul Lieberman demonstrated that similar markings can be found in ancient Greek texts where they are also used to denote 'short texts'. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masoretic_Text |
During the Medieval period, the inverted nuns were actually inserted into the text of the early Rabbinic Bibles published by Bomberg in the early 16th century. The talmud records that the markings surrounding Numbers 10:35-36 were thought to denote that this 85 letter text was not in its proper place.Bar Kappara consid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masoretic_Text |
In nine-dimensional geometry, a nine-dimensional polytope or 9-polytope is a polytope contained by 8-polytope facets. Each 7-polytope ridge being shared by exactly two 8-polytope facets. A uniform 9-polytope is one which is vertex-transitive, and constructed from uniform 8-polytope facets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_8-honeycomb |
In nine-dimensional geometry, a rectified 9-simplex is a convex uniform 9-polytope, being a rectification of the regular 9-simplex. These polytopes are part of a family of 271 uniform 9-polytopes with A9 symmetry. There are unique 4 degrees of rectifications. Vertices of the rectified 9-simplex are located at the edge-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trirectified_9-simplex |
Vertices of the birectified 9-simplex are located in the triangular face centers of the 9-simplex. Vertices of the trirectified 9-simplex are located in the tetrahedral cell centers of the 9-simplex. Vertices of the quadrirectified 9-simplex are located in the 5-cell centers of the 9-simplex. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trirectified_9-simplex |
In nineteenth-century Germany, Turnplatz, an outdoor space for gymnastics, were promoted by German educator Friedrich Jahn and the Turners, a political and gymnastic movement. After the Second World War, as people did less exercise in their daily and work lives, individualistic, health-oriented physical and recreationa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outdoor_fitness |
However, most of the growth in the fitness industry was through indoor gyms and health clubs.Outdoor fitness boot camps developed in Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom in the 1990s and Canada in 2001. In the twenty-first century, outdoor fitness grew as a commercial consumer market. Outdoor group fitne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outdoor_fitness |
A variety of training courses for fitness professionals and certifications for companies specialising in outdoor fitness developed. Outdoor fitness can be studied as a specialism of exercise physiology. The trend towards outdoor fitness led to a proliferation of outdoor gyms.Growing participation was seen in organized ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outdoor_fitness |
Street workouts have also become a popular outdoor fitness activity is some countries, with a world championship taking place since 2011. In recent years, more and schools have discovered the outdoors as a medium for education. Lakes, valleys and mountains are used for specific academic instruction in the realm of scie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outdoor_fitness |
In nitrification, ammonium is converted to nitrite. Important species include Nitrosomonas. Other bacterial species such as Nitrobacter, are responsible for the oxidation of the nitrite into nitrate. Nitrite can be reduced to nitric oxide or ammonia by many species of bacteria. Under hypoxic conditions, nitrite may rel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrite_ion |
In nitrile reduction a nitrile is reduced to either an amine or an aldehyde with a suitable chemical reagent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrile_reduction |
In no positional number system can every number be expressed uniquely. For example, in base ten, the number 1 has two representations: 1.000... and 0.999.... The set of numbers with two different representations is dense in the reals (Petkovšek 1990), but the question of classifying real numbers with unique β-expansion... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-integer_base_of_numeration |
In noble gas matrices MgH can form two kinds of dimer: HMgMgH and a rhombic shaped (◊) (HMg)2 in which a dihydrogen molecule bridges the bond between two magnesium atoms. MgH also can form a complex with dihydrogen HMg·H2. Photolysis increases reactions which form the dimer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MgH |
The energy to break up the dimer HMgMgH into two MgH radicals is 197 kJ/mol. Mg(μ-H2)Mg has 63 kJ/mol more energy than HMgMgH. In theory gas phase HMgMgH can decompose to Mg2 and H2 releasing 24 kJ/mol of energy exothermically. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MgH |
The distance between the magnesium atoms in HMgMgH is calculated to be 2.861 Å. HMgMgH can be considered a formal base compound for other substances LMgMgL that have a magnesium to magnesium bond. In these magnesium can be considered to be in oxidation state +1 rather than the normal +2. However these sort of compounds... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MgH |
In nominal terms, government must pay off its existing domestic liabilities (government debt denominated in local currency units) either by refinancing (rolling over the debt, issuing new debt to pay the old) or amortizing (paying it off from surpluses in tax revenue). In real terms, a government can also inflate away ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiscal_theory_of_the_price_level |
Thus, fiscal discipline, meaning a balanced budget over the course of the economic cycle is necessary for the price level to remain stable; unsustainable deficits will require inflation in future. For the price level to be stable (to control inflation), government finances must be sustainable: they must run a balanced ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiscal_theory_of_the_price_level |
In nomine Domini (1059) Quia propter (1215) Ubi periculum (1274) Ne Romani (1312) Aeterni Patris Filius (1621) Commissum Nobis (1904) Vacante Sede Apostolica (1904) Cum proxime (1922) Vacantis Apostolicae Sedis (1945) Summi Pontificis electio (1962) Ingravescentem aetatem (1970) Romano Pontifici eligendo (1975) Univers... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_conclave |
In non-CELSS environments, air replenishment and CO2 processing typically consists of stored air tanks and CO2 scrubbers. The drawback to this method lies in the fact that upon depletion the tanks would have to be refilled; the scrubbers would also require replacement after they become ineffective. There is also the is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_Ecological_Life_Support_Systems |
In non-English speaking countries, many anti-gender activists avoid using vernacular translations of the word "gender" in favor of the English word to promote the idea that gender is a foreign concept.The concept of gender ideology does not have a coherent definition and covers a variety of issues; for this reason, it ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_ideology |
Elizabeth Corredor writes: "gender ideology serves as both a political and epistemological counterclaim to emancipatory conceptions of gender, sex, and sexuality". She adds that the anti-gender movement combines "gender ideology" rhetoric with attempts to exploit the existing divisions within LGBT and feminist movement... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_ideology |
In non-Euclidean geometry, it is more common to talk about geodesics than (straight) lines. A geodesic is the shortest path between two points in a given geometry. In physics this may be interpreted as the path that a particle follows if no force is applied to it. In non-Euclidean geometry (elliptic or hyperbolic geome... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_(geometry) |
In non-Euclidean geometry, squares are more generally polygons with 4 equal sides and equal angles. In spherical geometry, a square is a polygon whose edges are great circle arcs of equal distance, which meet at equal angles. Unlike the square of plane geometry, the angles of such a square are larger than a right angle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square |
In hyperbolic geometry, squares with right angles do not exist. Rather, squares in hyperbolic geometry have angles of less than right angles. Larger hyperbolic squares have smaller angles. Examples: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square |
In non-Euclidean geometry, the Poincaré half-plane model is the upper half-plane, denoted below as H = { ⟨ x , y ⟩ ∣ y > 0 ; x , y ∈ R } {\displaystyle =\{\langle x,y\rangle \mid y>0;x,y\in \mathbb {R} \}} , together with a metric, the Poincaré metric, that makes it a model of two-dimensional hyperbolic geometry. Equiv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poincaré_half-plane_model |
This model is conformal which means that the angles measured at a point are the same in the model as they are in the actual hyperbolic plane. The Cayley transform provides an isometry between the half-plane model and the Poincaré disk model. This model can be generalized to model an n + 1 {\displaystyle n+1} dimensiona... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poincaré_half-plane_model |
In non-Germanic Indo-European languages, past marking is typically combined with a distinction between perfective and imperfective aspect, with the former reserved for single completed actions in the past. French for instance, has an imperfect tense form similar to that of German but used only for past habitual or past... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Past_tense |
Unlike other Indo-European languages, in Slavic languages tense is independent of aspect, with imperfective and perfective aspects being indicated instead by means of prefixes, stem changes, or suppletion. In many West Slavic and East Slavic languages, the early Slavic past tenses have largely merged into a single past... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Past_tense |
In non-Latin writing systems, a variety of mechanisms have also evolved. In abjads derived from the Aramaic alphabet, notably Arabic and Hebrew, long vowels are written with consonant letters (mostly approximant consonant letters) in a process called mater lectionis e.g. in Modern Arabic the long vowel /aː/ is represen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_length |
Ancient Greek also had distinct vowel signs, but only for some long vowels; the vowel letters η (eta) and ω (omega) originally represented long forms of the vowels represented by the letters ε (epsilon, literally "bare e") and ο (omicron – literally "small o", by contrast with omega or "large o"). The other vowel lette... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_length |
For vowels /aː/, /iː/, and /uː/, the corresponding independent vowel is added. Thus: あ (a), おかあさん, "okaasan", mother; い (i), にいがた "Niigata", city in northern Japan (usually 新潟, in kanji); う (u), りゅう "ryuu" (usu. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_length |
竜), dragon. The mid-vowels /eː/ and /oː/ may be written with え (e) (rare) (ねえさん (姉さん), neesan, "elder sister") and お (o) , or with い (i) (めいれい (命令), "meirei", command/order) and う (u) (おうさま (王様), ousama, "king") depending on etymological, morphological, and historic grounds. Most long vowels in the katakana syllabary a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_length |
However, some long vowels are written with additional vowel characters, as with hiragana, with the distinction being orthographically significant. In the Korean Hangul alphabet, vowel length is not distinguished in normal writing. Some dictionaries use a double dot, ⟨:⟩, for example 무: "Daikon radish". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_length |
In the Classic Maya script, also based on syllabic characters, long vowels in monosyllabic roots were generally written with word-final syllabic signs ending in the vowel -i rather than an echo-vowel. Hence, chaach "basket", with a long vowel, was written as cha-chi (compare chan "sky", with a short vowel, written as c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_length |
In non-Olympic years, a national federation volunteers to organize the (Senior) World Championships (for both bobsleigh and skeleton), which are open to all athletes meeting the experience requirements that apply to the World Cup and the ICC (including junior athletes). The quota system for the Senior World Championshi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton_racing |
Unlike all other IBSF-sponsored races, the World Championships use a two-day, four-heat format, with rankings determined by total time for all four heats.The 2016/17 World Championships were held at Königssee bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track in Bavaria, 24–26 February 2017. Martins Dukurs of Latvia won the men's com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton_racing |
In non-PAE modes of 32-bit x86 processors, the usable RAM may be limited to less than 4 GB. Limits on memory and address space vary by platform and operating system. Limits on physical memory for 32-bit platforms also depend on the presence and use of Physical Address Extension (PAE), which allows 32-bit systems to use... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAM_limit |
In non-Saharan African music traditions, cross-rhythm is the generating principle; the meter is in a permanent state of contradiction. Cross-rhythm was first explained as the basis of non-Saharan rhythm in lectures by C.K. Ladzekpo and the writings of David Locke. From the philosophical perspective of the African music... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyrhythm |
Playing cross-beats while fully grounded in the main beats, prepares one for maintaining a life-purpose while dealing with life's challenges. Many non-Saharan languages do not have a word for rhythm, or even music. From the African viewpoint, the rhythms represent the very fabric of life itself; they are an embodiment ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyrhythm |
At the center of a core of rhythmic traditions within which the composer conveys his ideas is the technique of cross-rhythm. The technique of cross-rhythm is a simultaneous use of contrasting rhythmic patterns within the same scheme of accents or meter... By the very nature of the desired resultant rhythm, the main bea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyrhythm |
Eugene Novotney observes: "The 3:2 relationship (and permutations) is the foundation of most typical polyrhythmic textures found in West African musics." 3:2 is the generative or theoretic form of non-Saharan rhythmic principles. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyrhythm |
Victor Kofi Agawu succinctly states, " resultant rhythm holds the key to understanding... there is no independence here, because 2 and 3 belong to a single Gestalt." The two beat schemes interact within the hierarchy of a single meter. The duple beats are primary and the triple beats are secondary. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyrhythm |
The example below shows the African 3:2 cross-rhythm within its proper metric structure. The music of African xylophones, such as the balafon and gyil, is often based on cross-rhythm. In the following example, a Ghanaian gyil sounds a 3:2-based ostinato melody. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyrhythm |
The left hand (lower notes) sounds the two main beats, while the right hand (upper notes) sounds the three cross-beats. The cross-beats are written as quarter-notes for visual emphasis. The following notated example is from the kushaura part of the traditional mbira piece "Nhema Mussasa". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyrhythm |
The mbira is a lamellophone. The left hand plays the ostinato bass line while the right hand plays the upper melody. The composite melody is an embellishment of the 3:2 cross-rhythm. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyrhythm |
In non-abelian gauge theories, the beta function can be negative, as first found by Frank Wilczek, David Politzer and David Gross. An example of this is the beta function for quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and as a result the QCD coupling decreases at high energies.Furthermore, the coupling decreases logarithmically, a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_coupling_constant |
This means that the coupling becomes large at low energies, and one can no longer rely on perturbation theory. Hence, the actual value of the coupling constant is only defined at a given energy scale. In QCD, the Z boson mass scale is typically chosen, providing a value of the strong coupling constant of αs(MZ2 ) = 0.1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_coupling_constant |
In non-alphabetic scripts, proper names are sometimes marked by other means. In Egyptian hieroglyphs, parts of a royal name were enclosed in a cartouche: an oval with a line at one end.In Chinese script, a proper name mark (a kind of underline) has sometimes been used to indicate a proper name. In the standard Pinyin s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper_name |
In non-avian dinosaurs, the jugal bone functioned as passive structural support during biting, and not as a site of jaw muscle attachment. In extant reptiles, the jugal bone continues to form the orbit of the eye and provide passive structural support. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugal_bone |
In non-broadcast multiple-access network(NBMA), neighbor adjacency is formed with unicast packets to remote host. A network may have more than two routers, but is no broadcast support. IP 192.0.2.1 > 192.0.2.2: OSPFv2, hello IP 192.0.2.2 > 192.0.2.1: OSPFv2, hello IP 192.0.2.1 > 192.0.2.2: OSPFv2, database description ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Shortest_Path_First |
In non-canonical mode, data are accumulated in a buffer (which may or may not be the line editing buffer — some implementations having separate "processed input" and "raw input" queues) and become "available for reading" according to the values of two input control parameters, the c_cc and c_cc members of the termios d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raw_mode |
There are four possibilities: c_cc and c_cc are both zero In this case, the data in the buffer are "available for reading" immediately, and read() returns immediately with whatever data are in the buffer (potentially returning zero if there are zero data available). c_cc is non-zero and c_cc is zero In this case, the d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raw_mode |
c_cc is zero and c_cc is non-zero In this case, the data in the buffer are "available for reading" after the specified number of characters have been received in the buffer. In other words, read() waits for a minimum amount of data (which may be larger than what the caller is prepared to read in the system call), will ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raw_mode |
In non-competitive inhibition the binding of the inhibitor to the enzyme reduces its activity but does not affect the binding of substrate. As a result, the extent of inhibition depends only on the concentration of the inhibitor. Vmax will decrease due to the inability for the reaction to proceed as efficiently, but Km... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibition_of_enzymes |
In non-consequentialist ethical thought, there is a moral distinction between killing and letting die. Whereas killing involves intervention, letting die involves withholding care.Also in medical ethics there is a moral distinction between euthanasia and letting die. Legally, patients often have a right to reject life-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letting_die |
In non-contact atomic force microscopy mode, the tip of the cantilever does not contact the sample surface. The cantilever is instead oscillated at either its resonant frequency (frequency modulation) or just above (amplitude modulation) where the amplitude of oscillation is typically a few nanometers (<10 nm) down to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic-force_microscope |
Measuring the tip-to-sample distance at each (x,y) data point allows the scanning software to construct a topographic image of the sample surface. Non-contact mode AFM does not suffer from tip or sample degradation effects that are sometimes observed after taking numerous scans with contact AFM. This makes non-contact ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic-force_microscope |
In the case of rigid samples, contact and non-contact images may look the same. However, if a few monolayers of adsorbed fluid are lying on the surface of a rigid sample, the images may look quite different. An AFM operating in contact mode will penetrate the liquid layer to image the underlying surface, whereas in non... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic-force_microscope |
Schemes for dynamic mode operation include frequency modulation where a phase-locked loop is used to track the cantilever's resonance frequency and the more common amplitude modulation with a servo loop in place to keep the cantilever excitation to a defined amplitude. In frequency modulation, changes in the oscillatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic-force_microscope |
Stiff cantilevers provide stability very close to the surface and, as a result, this technique was the first AFM technique to provide true atomic resolution in ultra-high vacuum conditions.In amplitude modulation, changes in the oscillation amplitude or phase provide the feedback signal for imaging. In amplitude modula... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic-force_microscope |
In non-contact dispensing, the drop also forms at the end of a nozzle, but far enough away from the target area that the drop separates from the nozzle before it hits. This, too, is a very old technique, as old as squirting liquid from a tube. Because of increasing requirements in regards to cycle time and accuracy in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microdispensing |
In non-contiguous patients an aggravated form of adolase A deficiency has been seen to manifest in myopathy (muscular deterioration). This is often recognized initially through signs of muscle weakness and exercise intolerance, suggesting rapid muscular fatigue and damage, likely directly related to ATP depletion. This... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldolase_A_deficiency |
In non-critical uses, CTCSS can also be used to hide the presence of interfering signals such as receiver-produced intermodulation. Receivers with poor specifications—such as scanners or low-cost mobile radios—cannot reject the strong signals present in urban environments. The interference will still be present and may... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_Tone-Coded_Squelch_System |
It will still degrade system performance but the user will not have to hear the noises produced by receiving the interference. CTCSS is commonly used in VHF and UHF amateur radio operations for this purpose. Wideband and extremely sensitive radios are common in the amateur radio field, which imposes limits on achievabl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_Tone-Coded_Squelch_System |
In non-diabetics and people with type 1 diabetes, a low protein diet is found to have a preventive effect on progression of chronic kidney disease. However, this effect does not apply to people with type 2 diabetes. A whole food, plant-based diet may help some people with kidney disease. A high protein diet from either... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_problem |
In non-equilibrium physics, the Keldysh formalism is a general framework for describing the quantum mechanical evolution of a system in a non-equilibrium state or systems subject to time varying external fields (electrical field, magnetic field etc.). Historically, it was foreshadowed by the work of Julian Schwinger an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keldysh_formalism |
In non-equilibrium thermodynamics, GENERIC is an acronym for General Equation for Non-Equilibrium Reversible-Irreversible Coupling. It is the general form of dynamic equation for a system with both reversible and irreversible dynamics (generated by energy and entropy, respectively). GENERIC formalism is the theory buil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GENERIC_formalism |
In non-excited motors, the rotor is made of steel. It rotates in step with the stator's rotating magnetic field, so it has an almost-constant magnetic field through it. The external stator field magnetizes the rotor, inducing the magnetic poles needed to turn it. The rotor is made of a high-retentivity steel such as co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_electric_motor |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.