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Trouble logging in?We were forced to invalidate all account passwords. You will have to reset your password to login. If you have trouble resetting your password, please send us a message with as much helpful information as possible, such as your username and any email addresses you may have used to register. Whatever you do, please do not create a new account. That is not the right solution, and it is against our forum rules to own multiple accounts. What about Shirashi? He did spend a lot of time "training" up there on the mountain. Akira vs. Shirashi seems like a fair fight, although I don't know what he has to counter those sleeves? Oh, right, he could sing! I doubt even Akira could withstand the power of Shirashi singing Hare Hare Yukai. What about Shirashi? He did spend a lot of time "training" up there on the mountain. Akira vs. Shirashi seems like a fair fight, although I don't know what he has to counter those sleeves? Oh, right, he could sing! I doubt even Akira could withstand the power of Shirashi singing Hare Hare Yukai. That would be awesome. Loli Final Boss.....hmm a bit predictable in some ways, but satisfactory. Though being a normal character in the show might make it hard to justify her. I'm thinking more along the lines of Anime Tenchou or something. I mean he did kick Sugita Tomokazu's ass and acts like a fighting game character. .........s, so this is real right? This isnt a prank? looks around to see if anyone is gonna jump out and yell SURPRISE!! (o_O) MUST - GET - NOW!!! AAgggh!! Two more weeks til release!! @_@ My guess on the final boss (atleast playing as Konata) is gonna be her father, Soujirou. She must first surpass her father. lols I sure hope that there are more characters than Konata, Akira, and Anime Tenchou. Even if all of the LS cast was available it'd still kinda be small. I do hope that they'd atleast include Hikage and Hinata from the DS games as well...Hikage, the loli-tsundere. (=//w//=) Really the only problem I see in this game is the BGM, too peaceful.^^; (Aahh, I cant wait til I beat the crap out of Shiraishi as Akira...evil smirk) Well their preparing my order for the game so yeah. Though the fighting game is a game that's for the PC that comes with the DX Pack right? (I'm sorry, I have bad memory. XD hits self ) Well I would make vids but I don't have a PC, evil Mac. D: But I'll do any other vids you want until I get a PC. But if it is for PS2, I'll make lots of vids. :3 The latest haruhi doujin game,Harugeki XD Oh yeah,finally have that OFFICAL fighting game sitting in my PC and... 1.AI is so HARD!It is like it will counter your every move 2.Only three charater,sadly,as may be even only 3 stage. 3.Around 180MB for a voiced fighting game?It can't hold much>_< So well,the offical one is just mini as possible,even thought the AI is hard... I've been fascinated by the screenshots of the PS2 L*S game starring Yamoto, and frustrated by my non-fluence in Japanese to fully enjoy and understand them, much less play the game, but I have a off-the-wall suggestion to help out the non-Japanese "foreigner" as myself in playing the Lucky Star game. At least it's an alternative to not playing at all. My grandfather used to play chess with someone in Italy long ago (in the 1950s) and they did by pen-pal type letters describing each move the other took. I understand this was pretty common back then. Granted it was slow as heck but got the play done! In the same way but on-line, why can't the non-Japanese reading player take a screen shot of her/his current place in the game and posts that screen shot (here?) for others to translate so that she/he can then decide what move to take and so-on-so-forth. I don't mean trying to take thousands and thousands of screen shots of all the scenarios in the game (without getting paid for it!), just step by step shots in the progress of one's game, like my chess example. That way many can share the adventure even if you don't own a PS2!
femme fatale Notes So what are you going to say at my funeral now that you've killed me? Here lies the body of the love of my life whose heart I broke without a gun to my head. Here lies the mother of my children both loving and dead. Rest in peace my true love who I took for granted. Most bomb pussy
Q: Trim text (with CSS?) in highscores template I'm building a highscores page template, And would like to trim the username (ideally with CSS) if the username and/or score is too long. See this picture : I can use white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow-y:none; To trim the username, but how can I trim it relatively to the score length ? Have you got an idea of how doing this ? Here's a Codepen of my current code : http://codepen.io/anon/pen/yymZGM Thanks A: Just move the score span (which is floated right) before the name Updated CODEPEN #highscores { width: 400px; padding: 1em; background-color: yellow; margin: auto; font-size: 1.5em; } #highscores .round { font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; position: relative; background-color: red; padding: 0.4em 0; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow-y: none; } #highscores .round .round-index { padding-right: 2%; } #highscores .round .round-author { font-weight: 700; width: 60%; } #highscores .round .round-score { width: 28%; float: right; text-align: right; } <div id="highscores" class="celio-black"> <p id="round-4" class="round"> <span class="round-score">75</span> <span class="round-index">01</span> <span class="round-author">grosbouff</span> </p> <p id="round-1" class="round"> <span class="round-score">75486987</span> <span class="round-index">02</span> <span class="round-author">I have a super long name isn't it ?</span> </p> </div>
Powerful Insights For Profitable Radio Friday, January 21, 2011 Minnesota-based Hubbard Broadcasting is purchasing half of Bonneville’s radio markets in a deal that could indicate how smaller groups expand intelligently now that the economy is nudging its way back. Bonneville revealed this week that it is selling its radio properties in Chicago, St. Louis, Washington, DC, and Cincinnati to Hubbard for $505 million. Hubbard, which has owned KSTP (AM) in the Twin Cities (Arbitron market # 16) since 1923, has only two other radio properties, both also in that market. It has a full complement of TV stations. Bonneville will retain its radio stations in Phoenix, Los Angeles, Seattle and Salt Lake City as well as KSL-TV there. Hubbard hasn’t owned radio stations outside the Twin Cities since it sold KOB (AM/FM), Albuquerque, to Citadel several years ago. An Instant Radio Group Hubbard’s acquisition of the Bonneville package makes it, in one stroke, a major, though not a mega-, radio group. The company is creating Hubbard Radio, which will be chaired by current Hubbard boss Ginny Hubbard Morris. From owning KSTP AM/FM and KTMY (FM) only, the new group will pick up four stations in St. Louis, six in Washington, three in Chicago and four in Cincinnati – 17 new properties. Here’s the list: Chicago (ARB # 3) WDRV/WWDV (FM) WILV (FM) WTLX (FM) Washington, DC (ARB # 9) WTOP (AM/FM) WTLP (FM) WWWT (FM) WFED (AM) WWFD (AM) St. Louis (ARB # 21) WIL (FM) WXOS (FM) WARH (FM) KZQZ (AM) Cincinnati (ARB # 28) WREW (FM) WYGY (FM) WKRQ (FM) WUBE (FM) Why The Deal Makes Sense Many industry eyeballs will be watching for details on this transaction, which is the first major radio deal of 2011. Radio station trading has been at a virtual standstill for at least three years, as any starving broker can tell you. One big question, of course, has been when the ice will break, especially in large and major markets. The other key question has been: What will the multiples be? Radio & Television Business Report says that in this transaction it may be eight times broadcast cash flow, which is what most buyers and sellers are talking about these days. Hubbard runs a high-class, very professional operation which has always been smart with its money. The President of another major market group told me: “Hubbard, like Bonneville, is an excellent broadcaster with strong ties to their community. Their attention to ‘localism’ including live, local talent is very good for radio and bodes well for its future. I hope this becomes a trend as opposed to the cookie cutter, cost efficient models that have been adopted by many of our country’s largest radio media companies.” Hubbard wasn’t a player in the last big wave of radio consolidation because it was starting up a satellite TV business, which later sold to Direct TV in a deal valued at $1.6 billion. So there was plenty of cash for this deal. Hubbard is also a mature operation, which is reflected in the stations it’s buying. Several are either at or near the top of their market rankings. They’re all competitive. This was no pig-in-a-poke numbers grab. A major reason why this deal makes sense is that Hubbard is buying proven assets all the way through. Reportedly, there are no significant changes planned for any of the stations. Bonneville’s top radio hands are going along with the deal, too. CEO Bruce Reese and COO Drew Horowitz and their staff will soon be drawing their paychecks from Hubbard Radio. Looking Through A Long Lens Ginny Hubbard Morris shares the DNA of a great broadcasting pioneer, Stanley E. Hubbard, who started KSTP in the Twenties and added KSTP-TV in 1948. So unlike giant mega-merger players and investment bankers, she can take a solid long view of the industry. Hubbard told Radio-TV Business Report: “We believe in the future of radio...We now know that what we all experienced a couple of years ago was related to the recession, not some underlying cracks in the broadcasting industry.” She added: “Everything that made (radio) a good business in the ‘30s makes it a good business in 2011”. Expect the Hubbard-Bonneville deal to at least open a lot of group owners’ eyes if not to mark the beginning of a return to healthy station trading this year. Wednesday, January 19, 2011 One piece of fallout from the tragic shootings in Tucson that seriously wounded a Congresswoman and killed six bystanders is talk about reviving The Fairness Doctrine. Opponents of conservative talk radio in particular are using the killings to tout a return to a federally-mandated policy that would certainly spell ruin for much of talk radio as we know it today. If you manage a talk station, relax. The Fairness Doctrine is dead and buried – and it’s going to stay that way. Your view about a possible return to required equal time for opposing views may be shaped by which flavor of conspiracy you prefer. For some, there’s a vast conspiracy of the right to override reasonable discourse via talk radio. For most of talk radio, there’s a vast conspiracy of the left to muzzle their good works with shackles such as The Fairness Doctrine or something like it. Most of America is caught in the middle and, I suspect, is fed up with the whole debate. The Dirty Little Secret About “Conservative” Talk Radio Look, we’re grownup professional broadcasters here. You and I both know the lowdown on most so-called “conservative” talk radio hosts: It’s a gig. It’s their shtick. They no more go to bed at night praying to the God of Conservative Babble than classic country jocks hit the hay after making sacrifices to Ernest Tubb. You now it, I know it, they know it. A lot of the listening public knows it, too. And as professionals, we aren’t about to put Rush or Hannity or any of them on the air if they aren’t: Entertaining Compelling Sold It’s no different from any other format choice except that talk radio inflames both mind and mouth at both ends of the political spectrum. All of which means that talk radio requires nothing like government-mandated rules about what it can say (within the law, that is) and whose voices it may include or exclude. Know who else knows this? The Obama Administration. The FCC. And every member of Congress. Shackling the Media: Always A Favorite It’s always good copy for a politician to strike out at “the media”. And let’s face it, we’ve made ourselves popular targets. We’re the ones with the microphones, the cameras, the Bully Pulpit. Rush may have revolutionized AM radio programming but he also pinned a target on it that any politico can site in easily and often. The outcry over the supposed palpability of talk radio in the Tucson tragedy has given the green light to some politicians to harp about the good old days when anything you said about someone required an offer of equal time. It was unwieldy then, listeners didn’t care and it somehow smacked of Big Brother giving the gate (to use a favorite hockey phrase) tofree expression. And this has right wing talk hosts squealing with delight. It’s fodder for their never-ending shtick machine, which cannot survive and thrive without the threat of that vast conspiracy I mentioned earlier. Okay by me. It’s compelling radio. I don’t have to treat it as a religion. You Can’t Put Back What People Don’t Want The Fairness Doctrine was introduced in 1949, when the broadcasting landscape was vastly different from today's. No revival effort has so much as made it out of committee in the nearly quarter century since Ronald Reagan abolished it by Executive Order. It won’t this time, either. If President Obama doesn’t have it on his agenda and Democrats at the FCC aren’t supporting it, who’s left to champion such legislation? Almost no one. It’s only being spoken of now by opportunistic politicians and talk show hosts. At the grass roots level, The Fairness Doctrine won’t resurface for the same reason that you’ll never again see Prohibition and the military draft: they’re politically iffy, difficult and expensive to implement and wildly unpopular. At the professional level, it simply isn’t needed. Talk radio has saved the entire AM band. With few exceptions, it’s professionally presented and whether or not you agree with its politics, you and I know it’s nothing more or less than a strong format. So sleep soundly, talk station manager. Your format is safe and sound. And the government knows it has many better things to do. Friday, January 14, 2011 It’s a quandary for programmers and radio station managers in every size market: How do you respond to a calamity and maintain format integrity? Do you? On the day of one of the saddest events following the assassination attempt on Representative Gabrielle Giffords (D-AZ), a Tucson music station made a difference with a well-thought-out commemoration. It’s a terrific example for stations anywhere. Six people were killed in the shootings at Gifford’s meet-and-greet event Saturday in a suburban Tucson parking lot. Many more were wounded. One of the fatalities was nine-year-old Christina Taylor Green, born on 9/11/2001, gunned down in a flurry of shots by a madman. Yesterday, hers was the first of the victims’ funerals. I happened to be in Tucson yesterday and was interested in how local radio would mark the event. Would they cover the funeral service? No. Would they break format for other coverage? Not most of them. When the one o’clock start time for the funeral arrived, I heard one tasteful on-air commemoration and it deserves to be noted. KMXZ-FM IDs itself as “Soft Rock 94-9 Mix FM”. Shortly before one o’clock, its midday jock conversationally promoted “something to mark the occasion” for one o’clock. Needless to say, I stayed tuned. ANATOMY OF A TASTEFUL LOCAL PROGRAM ELEMENT At one, just as Christina’s funeral was beginning, Mix 94-9 went into a nicely-produced piece. Here’s how it was built: ·An extended soundbite of President Obama’s remarks at the University of Arizona Wednesday evening, specifically remarking on Christina’s life ·Under those remarks, the almost-obligatory “Amazing Grace” played by a bagpipe band ·As the remarks ended with Obama saying the throat-clutching line “If there are rain puddles in heaven, Christina is splashing in one now”, the music dissolved into the late Hawaiian singer Israel Kamakawiwo’ole – his professional name was Iz – singing Somewhere Over the Rainbow. If you’ve ever heard Iz, you can imagine how this sounded: perfect. If you haven’t, you owe yourself the pleasure The effect of this production, which couldn’t have lasted longer than six or seven minutes, was remarkable radio. It probably didn’t take long to put together. The elements were easily-acquired. But how many stations bothered to do it? Hardly any. So, kudos to the KMXZ gang in Tucson for caring and making the effort. This mini-production, coming at the exact start time as the funeral for the youngest victim of a senseless slaughter, was meaningful and professional. When it ended, they played some spots and went back to format. Nice. It’s worth a few moments to think about how your stations would respond to a disaster like the shootings in Tucson. Not only how you would cover the news itself but how – or if – you would handle the follow-up events. You don’t want to deal with this kind of event on the fly. At least one station in Tucson yesterday made it work and did it right. Thursday, January 13, 2011 YET ANOTHER RECENT EXAMPLE SHOWS MANAGERS HOW NOT TO FIRE AIR PERSONALITIES Firing air personalities is part of any radio station manager’s job. Most don’t like it. Some, however, take the view that out-of-sight is out-of-mind when hustling fired talent out the door. This can backfire in a big way as recent events prove. Reasons for firing air talent usually boil down to four favorites: Quality and performance issues Poor ratings Budget problems Personal issues Deciding to fire an announcer is your business. When you do it the way many recent managers have snipped their talent off the payroll, however, it becomes a more universal concern because it can make our industry look foolish. And it can be disastrous to a station’s image. A SHOW ENDS, A QUICK MEETING AND...GONE Consider: An announcere who had been on the same station for fifty years is fired. He is walked out of the station by the program director and station owner after his show. And he disappears from their air. But a lot more happened that made the station look like a chump. The upshot in a moment. Commonly, management fires an announcer with no warning, usually right after he or she gets off the air. Then it’s out the door and gone, a tactic more fit for police states than radio stations. It’s done this way, of course, out of fear that announcers might say something, might be nasty about the management, station, advertisers, whatever. The best way to avoid that, weak managers believe, is to simply make them disappear. When this happens, I wonder whether the radio station manager ever bothered to form a relationship with the talent involved. Obviously, if there’s a history of testy relationships, contract squabbles or the talent is just plain crazy there’s a reason for caution. In this case, a quick excision is probably the best way to go. Usually, though, making a fired air personality disappear is simply the easy way to go. The manager can congratulate himself on what a tough businessperson he is or tell herself “Well, it had to be and I took care of it and that’s that.” Really? Are you aware that you have at least a few listeners who may not share your opinion? What about them? And what about the image of your station in the community? Radio station managers who have formed decent relationships with talent who've been on their air for more than a few months have made an investment in that personality, one of time, resources and community image. If you can’t afford that talent anymore or he won’t fit in with a format change or you just want to “go in a new direction” (a phrase that should be eliminated from the English language), you need to show enough class and professionalism to do it right. HOW A DEPARTURE CAN MAKE EVERYONE FEEL OKAY Assuming no hard feelings between you and the soon-to-be-departed personality it isn’t hard to do a departure right. You just have to want to. Here's what you need: First: a frank talk with the talent about when and why the move is taking place. No debating. Just facts. And in a businesslike atmosphere. Second: a witness and a written agreement so there are absolutely no misunderstandings. Third: a formal departure plan. This is where you say, “You can do a last show, say goodbye, reminisce a little if you like. But no disparaging remarks about the station, sponsors, fellow employees or me. If you play nice, here’s a severance package. If you don’t, you lose it. Okay? Cool. Sign here.” One page, one paragraph, nice and clean. Then everyone knows what’s going to happen, rewards and consequences are dealt with and the personality’s final day can go quite smoothly. OR THIS CAN HAPPEN I don’t know the people or backstory involved at the station that bounced the fifty-years-on-the-air announcer out the door – but I do know what happened next: A competitor gave him a morning in which to do a final show on their station Another competitor held a day-long celebration event for him He’s so popular in the community that there’s talk of running him for office All of these were well covered by local newspaper and TV How you fire on-air talent really comes down to how you view them in the first place. If you’re the type who doesn’t want your air personalities to get “too big” or looks at them as budget-challenging ego problems, you’re always going to have trouble. If you look at them as talented, valuable employees who represent your station to the public then you’ll be creative – and humane – if you have to replace them. But don’t break your arm parting yourself on the back if you simply hustle fired talent out the door. As noted above, that can bite you back hard and fast. Wednesday, January 12, 2011 AS THE ECONOMY IMPROVES, COMPANIES SEE GROWTH AHEAD, HIRE MORE SALESPEOPLE A telltale sign that Corporate America sees an improving economy is a very strong trend toward expanding its sales forces. Salespeople should have been the last employees to be let go, since they’re the only ones who bring in the money. But many radio stations didn’t see things that way when the economy soured. Now that buyers are loosening the purse strings again, they have to ramp up their sales staffs to handle the increased business. And there’s no better time than right now. The Alexander Group has just released a comprehensive new study it calls the 2011 Sales Compensation Trends Survey. In a nutshell, Alexander’s David Cichelli, Senior Vice-President and Survey Editor, says the results show a “sharp uptick” in sales hiring plans and loosening of previously tight-fisted controls on expenses. “Most sales departments are ready to spend money to help grow top line revenues” he said. Hopefully, that includes radio sales departments, too. The reason for this sudden brightening of viewpoint on sales hiring is the obvious one: companies expect to make more money this year than during the last three recession-racked years. A whopping 80.3% predict sales growth in 2011. ALL SIGNS POINT TO REVENUE GROWTH IN 2011 Other highlights from Alexander Group’s survey that are of interest to radio station managers include: Increasing investment in sales departments – Nearly 72% of the companies surveyed say they plan to spend more on sales in 2011 Putting more hot bodies on the street – Over 61% plan to hire additional salespeople this year Paying salespeople more – 65% of the large group surveyed said they’ll increase base sales pay over the next 12 months Jacking up sales incentives – Around 3% is the median rate reported by the survey subjects The Alexander Group study covered a substantial base of companies nationwide. Results are drawn from responses by over 130 corporations employing a total of around 140,000 salespeople. WHAT RADIO STATION MANAGERS MUST DO NOW First: Get going. This is no time to sit tight and hope for better days. All signs indicate the economy is coming back. Holiday spending was strong and retail, our life’s blood, is looking healthy again for the first time in recent memory. Radio needs well-trained people who come to the table already motivated on the streets, helping customers get back on the air. Second: It’s also no time for skinflint half-measures. If you’re tempted to say, “I guess we could hire two or three people, pay ‘em straight commission, send ‘em out and see how they do”, you might as well save your time. That kind of thinking sank a lot of broadcasters even before the economy went south. It buried many more when things really got tight. If you are seriously so beat-up by economic conditions that you can’t think of anything else to do now than the scenario I just mentioned, maybe it’s time to get out of the radio business altogether. There’s no dishonor in that. For some, it’s the only way out of situations they think they can't win. But if you still have the spark, that Something Within that told you radio was where you needed to be in your life, the drive to get back out and start swinging again, this is the time to get going. Start looking again for quality salespeople, organized yet outside-the-box thinkers who can represent broadcast, online, and any other media you can corral. Most of all, the Alexander Group survey tells us that the business of selling is coming back, and fast. Which means that a lot of quality salespeople who have been forced to the sidelines are going to get snapped up and put back on the street. Which also means you’d better get to know who they are so you can grab the good ones before someone else – maybe your competition – gets there first. I’m thrilled but not surprised by the Alexander survey’s findings. A jump start for sales forces has been long overdue. The smart managers – the ones most likely to make strong gains quickly in the improving economy – feel the sea change, too. And they’re ready to expand their sales forces to ride the crest of the new waves of prosperity that are thundering toward us right now. Tuesday, January 11, 2011 THEY MAY BE SMALL – AND NON-COMMERCIAL – BUT DON’T IGNORE THE NEW KIDS WHEN THEY COME TO PLAY President Obama’s signing last week of the Local Community Radio Act means you’re likely to have new radio competition regardless of your market size. Before you dismiss Low-Power FM (LPFM) stations as “Amateur Night at the Bijou”, consider this: All those volunteer program hosts will be talking about local issues, local music, local people. How often does any of that happen on your stations? Prometheus Radio Project, the national community radio organization, wanted only one thing from the Act: elimination of third-adjacency protection of full-power FM stations. They got that. Now, LPFMs can be as close as two “clicks” from your frequency. But they got more: LPFMs and translators will now exist as equals as far as interference is concerned. Whichever one was there first has to solve any interference problems between the two The FCC can now also issue waivers to LPFMs that don’t meet the minimum protection standards but can be shown through modern measurement methods to not create interference (for instance, if there’s a mountain between the LPFM and a full-power station) The new Act could have speedy legs if FCC Chairman Julius Genechowski’s promise to “take swift action to open the dial to new low-power radio stations” has any meat to it. All of which means you’re going to have company – and, believe it or not, competition – from micro-broadcasters sooner or later. Why Bother About the Pipsqueaks? Sure, a new LPFM might have a range of five miles with a strong wind. And underwriting rates are unlikely to put a serious squeeze on ad dollars in your market. So why bother to do anything more than send them a nice plant and a “Welcome To Town” card (if that) when they fire up their little transmitters? Because if you’ve paid attention to what LPFM broadcasters have been up to over the last few years, you’ve noticed that they do a lot of interesting things. Things that local broadcasters used to do but often don’t anymore. Such as: Remotes – from anything and everything Where local-market radio used to originate coverage of parades, meetings, Memorial Day ceremonies and the opening of the municipal swimming pool, satellite feeds have taken over. Listeners used to enjoy those broadcasts and advertisers used to sponsor them. They still do – but not on full-power commercial radio. Discussions of community issues LPFM stations are far more than just outlets where home-brew program hosts can play their rap or bluegrass or progressive rock records (yes, records sometimes). Many provide the only divergent voices in their communities by organizing and airing debates, round-table discussions and extended coverage of all sorts of events and issues. Being a local resource – for everything You can find many LPFM stations that broadcast want ads, even personals, along with swap-and-trade shows and public service announcements by the bucket. Listeners may not stay with an LPFM all day and night but since most thrive on variety, they’re going to attract audiences that crave something original, different, fresh on the radio. Scarce commodities on many full-power stations. Giving a voice to minorities Lots of LPFM stations reach out to minority audiences, many of which are underserved or have never been served at all locally. Each of these constitutes a community-within-a-community and the ties that bind are incredibly strong. Making celebrities out of everyday folks How many program hosts does it take to run an LPFM? A dozen? Twenty? For many, it’s even more than that. And what they lack in polish and professionalism (traits they often achieve with surprising speed, by the way) they make up for with freshness and localism. The FCC’s Genechowski also remarked that, “Low-power FM stations are small but they make a giant contribution to local community programming”. Now, I don’t envision squadrons of tiny LPFM transmitters rising up to overwhelm your stations and take over your market. I do think well-run low-power community stations – the kind we’re about to see a lot more of – can put a serious dent in your image as a local broadcaster if you don’t take them seriously. Monday, January 10, 2011 Today, due to the assassination attempt on Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords in Tucson over the weekend, I’m preempting the usual Monday Sales Blast to provide updated coverage on the state of radio news. We’ll sell stuff again next Monday. I live and work in Arizona. Like most residents, I’m shocked and saddened by the assassination attempt Saturday against Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords and the mass shooting that ensued, leaving six dead. I’m a broadcast journalist, too, which means I’m also appalled by the sloppiness that characterized some of the coverage of the shooting. And of the scarcity of coverage of ANY kind on radio. She’s Dead. No, Wait – She’s Alive Several major national media outlets reported within hours of the Tucson shooting that Giffords was dead. A couple of others didn’t even get her name right. On them, she was “Gifford” (like Cathy Lee), not Giffords, like the Congresswoman who’s fighting for her life. A journalist friend reminded me of the time during the hours following the assassination attempt on President Ronald Reagan when ABC-TV anchor Frank Reynolds snapped at his producers to get the facts straight before they gave them to him to report on the air. He was right to do so but the need should never have arisen. My grandfather was a newspaper editor. I have newsmen on both sides of my family. So I learned early on the axiom expressed by Rudyard Kipling, the one that every journalist of every stripe ought to know and practice automatically: I have Six Honest Serving-Men They taught me all I knew; Their names are What and Where and When And Why and How and Who Some of those famous “Six W’s” got lost in the coverage surrounding the Giffords shooting. How Radio News Misplayed the Giffords Shooting Here’s how I found out about the shootings in Tucson: By hearing a phone report on my local NPR station. Here’s how my teenaged daughter heard about it: from postings on Facebook. She attends the University of Arizona in Tucson so there was naturally quite a bit of interest from fellow Wildcats. Especially since the attack took place within miles of her dorm and Congresswoman Giffords, along with some other victims, was taken to UniversityHospital, about a five-minute walk away. It's disturbing enough that this is how many people get their news. What we have to do is provide accurate, reliable information for everyone else. From the moment the shots were fired – about 10:10 on Saturday morning – radio stations in Phoenix and Tucson scrambled to figure out how to cover the story. Most, it seems, settled for not covering it at all. When I scanned the dial around 11:00. I heard music, commercials and network programming. It wasn’t until over an hour later that a couple of stations began to offer some news. This was especially trying since the aforementioned national media – The New York Times and NPR, among others – reported initially that Giffords had died. Where was the fact checking? The attribution? My Journalism 54 professor must be squirming in his grave with rage. One of the aspects of radio news coverage of the shootings that I found particularly irksome was the extent to which radio talk show hosts took over coverage of the story. Several did try to get the facts straight or at least to put people on the air who could tell the story.But in almost every case, I heard talk hosts doing their usual shtick: arguing, interrupting callers and each other and going for the sensational angle. The actual facts seemed to take second place to the usual listen-to-me-I’m-outrageous acts that are the lifeblood of many talk stations. That may be entertaining to some listeners but it isn’t news. We have enough issues in Arizona. The political air is already rancid at times and an ABC TV anchor wasn’t far off in referring to the climate of public debate here as “poisonous”. But this isn’t about finger-pointing and name-calling. It’s about how local radio handles breaking news – or even if it does. Think for a moment: there are plenty of whack-jobs out there with weapons. What if a Congressman or other politician – none of whom routinely have security assistance – were gunned down in your market. If you have a news person or news staff, are call trees and other emergency coverage systems in place to jump on the story? Do your talk hosts have the good sense to ride with the story instead of their egos for a day or so? How about your deejays: can they handle sensitive breaking news intelligently if it isn’t framed by liners and format clocks? Even more challenging in this era of network programming and voice-tracked music radio: What if something like this happened on a weekend, as it did in Tucson? Who you gonna call? If you can’t handle a tough breaking story like the Giffords assassination attempt, listeners will find their news somewhere. Which means television. The Internet. Their cell phones. Anywhere but on your stations. The shootings in Tucson provide a living textbook for journalism students in 2011. They should also provide a wakeup call to radio station managers that hot news, big news, can and does break at any time, even on weekends. How your stations respond can make or break you as a trusted community resource. Friday, January 7, 2011 If, like me, you’ve been thrilled by the good fortune that has suddenly cascaded upon Ted Williams, the homeless man with the throat painted in gold in Columbus, GOOD. Many skilled radio professionals are out of work and some have been for a long time. Perhaps now, at the start of theyear, is a perfect time to either recall or to understand for the first time that something fantastic could happen for you, too – any time. I know what I’m talking about. I’ve been blessed to be given a second chance in my profession, too. That time, it resulted in the job of a lifetime – up to then.Right now, I’m searching for and confidently expecting yet another “second chance”. You might be in the same situation. We need it. We deserve it. The trick is to be absolutely certain that it WILL happen for us. Because call it what you want, the power that surrounds us is all for the good and it is unlimited. Not to go all New Age on you here but this belief in the abundance of the universe really does work. (New Age is a terrible term, too, since this belief goes back to the dawn of time. However...) I’m writing about second chances today because so many radio professionals need one. I don’t believe the phrase is accurate, by the way. There are PLENTY of chances. Let’s call them ADDITIONAL chances instead of second chances, which implies that there might be only two. One thing I know from personal experience is that there is no limit – none whatever – on Additional Chances. Only on our belief that they could exist for us. Amid all the reportage surrounding the Ted Williams story this week was a little piece on TV about his ex-wife. I mean, the guy has had a full life – way too full, by his own admission – as well as a wife and six kids. She remarked that only last Sunday in church, the sermon was about – go ahead, guess – second chances. The minister asked “Who would you pray for to get another chance?” His ex-wife’s answer, and that of her current husband: “Ted”. I’ll borrow that question for today’s column: Who would you pray for to get another chance? We all know one or more radio pros who desperately need another shot at the business right now. I’ve just been in touch with one of the top air personalities I’ve ever heard, a thoroughly talented broadcaster and a good guy. He’s on the beach simply because an employer reached too high and wound up not being able to do what he planned. Thanks and so long. Frankly, I’m in the same boat. More than anyone else, those of us who have earned a crust for a few years in broadcasting know that great talent can wind up unemployed – even in desperate straits – through no fault of their own. This business has a long, bitter history of discarding its best and brightest. Those who make it back again and again have what a long-ago writer called That Something Within: a core belief that not only is great abundance available to you – but that you deserve it. It’s hard to keep a grip on that, I know. But it works and it works because it’s true. I’m excited about what’s ahead for you. For me, too. Because it’s going to be terrific and it’s happening right now, whether we realize it or not. If you need an amazing voice, Ted Williams is your man. If you could use a terrific morning drive personality, I can steer you straight to a couple of the best you’ll ever meet. And if you need a strong radio station manager well, humbly, I happen to know one of those. (He doubles in play-by-play, too!) Most of all, if you’re reluctantly basking with thousands “on the beach” right now, I strongly urge you to reach inside and find That Something Within that reassures you that you are very, very good at what you do. That not a second chance but Another Chance from an unlimited supply is out there for you right now. Most of all that, like silken-throated Ted Williams in Ohio, no matter what lies behind you, you deserve to survive and thrive right now. And you will if you BELIEVE that you will. Wednesday, January 5, 2011 Okay, radio rangers, here’s a new tech term to know and share: AMBISONICS. It's a system for broadcasting radio in 3-D and yes, they've made it work in Britain. Just when much of the broadcast world is either deploying or grappling with HD radio, along comes a real live way to broadcast not in two dimensions but in three. Does this mean you need a hole in the top of your head to hear it? No, but you might need one in the ceiling of your car. Before I proceed, please note the date of this column – specifically that it is NOT April 1st. Although some of this might reek of an April Fool’s gag, it’s all real. And just wacky enough to have come from our broadcasting buddies in Britain. I got this lead from a mention in Larry Shannon's excellent industry blog, Radio-TV Daily News. If you aren't already on Larry's daily mailing list, jump aboard NOW . There's no better source for a wide variety of radio news and insight. A recent article in The Daily Telegraph, one of Britain’s leading newspapers, reports that an experimental unit of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) has already demonstrated its Ambisonics system of 3-D radio. First reports are impressive. Whether the new technology has any application for real-world radio is another matter. Toto, We’re Not In Stereo Anymore Imagine yourself in a car with music or talk on the radio. You have your basic left-right stereo speaker configuration. In many vehicles, there’s also a front-rear mix control. However you blend them, you still get one thing: two-channel stereo. Very Sixties. Now imagine that a third dimension in sound appears – above your head. That’s where the BBC system places the third speaker. The results, the report claims, are something special: a whole new way to experience broadcast audio. For the demo, a memorable sound effects-heavy scene from The Wizard of Oz was produced for radio using the new 3-D system. According to The Telegraph, the 3-D transmission “makes music sound impressive (but) it’s most revelatory for drama...the tornado scene, with the wind swirling towards Dorothy’s house, took on a new atmosphere”. The concept of radio in 3-D would seem best suited to automobiles, where it’s a lot easier to mount a speaker overhead than in, say, your family room. How It Works I’ll just quote The Daily Telegraph article: The system uses more channels and so is able to pipe sound to more speakers independently. Although it requires new ways of initially recording sound, it can also be mixed from existing recordings. The resultis an advance that does not require rewiring of the radio process and so could, if the BBC chose, be implemented over the Internet. Okay... What I think that means is that you might see such a technology deployed in non-broadcast media first (or exclusively). And with the approach of Internet in car radios, that makes something like 3-D radio a very real possibility. Bigger Picture: Radio Is Pushing Technological Boundaries Again The BBC points out that the wider significance of its dance with 3-D radio is that radio is back in the pushing-the-tech-envelope business. That’s a good thing. With DAB iffy in some countries and outright stalled in others, television and new media take the prizes for most recent innovations. As the BBC’s audio guru, Tim Davie, remarks: “It’s vital we plug radio (back) into the landscape of innovation." It may be years before we see any meaningful rollout of 3-D radio. It could have a haphazard life like HD or an extended twilight a la AM stereo. It could also fall into the category of gimcrack tech, the likes of Quad FM. What I like about the BBC’s experiments with 3-D radio – and hardly any organization holds the record for more innovative work than the “Beeb” – is that fresh thinking should always be welcome in radio. Sometimes, it takes new thinking like the BBC's Ambionics 3-D radio system to remind us of that. Tuesday, January 4, 2011 The public blow-up of ESPN play-by-play announcer Ron Franklin’s image – again – should have radio station managers very much on the alert for similar inappropriate behavior in their operations. Franklin is in the spotlight for a verbal exchange with a female reporter during an ESPN game-day production meeting last weekend. If reports of his remarks are accurate – and so far, they haven’t been denied – they point up the sexism that still exists in many businesses. As operators of federally-licensed facilities, we can ill-afford to let it linger in ours. Over many years as a TV and radio play-by-play announcer (including events for ESPN) I have partnered with a number of female reporters, sideline contributors, production personnel and on-air partners. I value the woman who was my season-long on-air partner on Fox and enjoyed working with a number of other female co-conspirators on other broadcasts. All were professional, most were nice and even if they hadn’t been, I’m not wired to take sexist potshots at them. I firmly believe most other play-by-play guys are the same. Naturally, there are a few who didn’t get the memo. Franklin now swims in the same stew as Navy Captain Owen Honors, the former Top Gun pilot who is now also the former captain of the nuclear carrier Enterprise following disclosure of several videos made abord ship that, at minimum, call his judgement concerning gender issues into question. From a radio station manager’s perspective, the Franklin/ESPN mess serves as a big fat flashing WARNING light: This is 2011. The girls are just as smart – if not smarter – than the boys. And they won’t play nice if you’re going to be a sexist clod. OR allow those who work for you to slip that kind of misbehavior under your radar screen. Which means that this applies to female managers, too. I’ve seen as much sexist behavior at radio stations run by women as by men. It isn’t rampant by any means but it exists, probably for the same reasons it happens at male-run operations: the boss is simply too busy and trusts his or her employees to act like grownups around each other. It would be nice if that would reliably happen. The Challenge: Your Employees Are Who They Are – Period But here’s the thing: you can’t control how people were raised. Most child psychologists will tell you that an individual is pretty much imprinted for the long run by the time he or she is seven. Even younger. Which means that by the time you get ‘em, your employees are fully-formed class acts or confirmed morons. What makes it more of a challenge for a radio station manager is that we often hire people for certain on-air roles. Could be the “giggle girl” on the morning show, the sex kitten who heats it up at night, even the overtly gay character who’s part of a morning or afternoon drive zoo. Those are essentially actors playing roles. In real life, they must be treated as professionals and not subjected to bias in any way. I don’t believe you as a manager will reform confirmed gender-idiots any more than you can re-mold a racist. Or that you should waste your time trying. However revolting those attitudes may be, people are people. It’s rare to find one who will readily shed the scales of prejudice. What Managers Can and MUST Say To Those Who Don’t Get It But you can and must lead. You are the boss. When employees are drawing pay from your company, you have not only the right but the obligation to impose and ruthlessly enforce these three policies: Employees will engage in ZERO behavior that in any way insults or denigrates anyone on the basis of gender, appearance, race or anything else As the manager of this radio station I will not permit you to endanger my business or my federal license by such behavior Leading by example, I will immediately bounce out the door anyone who won’t play like a mature grownup Prohibiting snarky comments about other people isn’t simply good business policy. It is morally high ground you must take. Because not only is it the right way to manage a radio station – it’s also the law. It will be interesting to see how the ESPN/Ron Franklin situation plays itself out. Hopefully the network will realize that this isn’t a case of being Politically Correct but of being a responsible broadcaster. That would be a strong example to set. Monday, January 3, 2011 HOW TO SURVIVE AND THRIVE IN THE NEW YEAR WHAT YOU MUST DO TO MOVE AHEAD IN 2011 This is going to be a terrific year for radio, much better than its naysayers care to believe. That will be especially true for radio station managers and owners who embrace the new realities of radio life. It isn’t about tightening up the morning show, tweaking the music or cleaning up your interns so remotes don’t resemble college radio outings. Happily, it’s all about things you can directly implement and manage. THE ONE THING YOU CAN’T DO: LOOK BACK Hey, I love history. We can learn a lot from it. But when it comes to financial performance, I can’t think of a year when year-over-year numbers are more meaningless than they are right now. After three years of battling a recession-addled economy, past sales figures tell us only one thing: this has to get better. While it’s always tempting for a manager to base budgets and goals on previous-year numbers, we need to do better than that in 2011. This is a time for a zero-base look at budgets and expectations – paring everything down to the bones then adding, first, what we need and second, what will give us extra muscle in moving our stations forward. That’s never a bad idea; this year, it’s just about required. Another way that looking back on the least three years won’t help us is in the confidence department. Your properties may have behaved superbly. Probably, they didn’t. Most likely, you were at least in a holding pattern if not worse. So let’s not give in to doom-and-gloom by excessive archaeology into recent financials. Instead, let’s concentrate on where we go now. FOUR TRAITS OF RADIO MARKET DOMINATORS IN 2011 Regardless of your market size, you want solid traction to get going in the new year. More than ever, these four things will get you there: Get A Grip On New Media – So you have a website. So what? It needs to be valuable to your listeners and advertisers or it’s nothing more than something you checked off a to-do list. Listeners don’t care about your air personalities’ favorite movies or what the national group owner supplies that might be interesting to website visitors. You need to provide a reason for listeners to visit your website every day – or they won’t. I’ll talk more about winning radio station websites soon. For now, look at your website home page like a listener would. Anything interesting? Valuable? Funny? Or do you have to register, click several times and generally wade through meaningless junk to find what you want? Apply PPM Tactics Even If Your Market Isn’t Rated One of the big lessons we’re learning from Arbitron’s PPM ratings system is that air personalities need to look at every segment of each hour as equally important. That means spreading good content throughout the hour. It also means get to the point without lengthy lead-ins. Gone are the days when we load up the first quarter-hour with the big stuff and plan every major bit or guest for the 7:20 AM segment. Listeners, we are discovering, don’t listen that way. So we had better not be programming that way. Provide Compelling Local Content Make sure everything on your air has at least some local flavor. Yes, if you’re a talk station or employ another format that relies heavily on satellite programming, much of the day is beyond your control. But it’s still your station and your listeners live in your market, not New York or Washington or L.A. This means providing something other than canned weather updates without current temps. Disembodied voices intoning “community calendars” and other content. Celebrity gossip instead of local news. This is the year you have to do it differently. Build and Keep A Stable Sales Force In my best-selling book, The Zero Turnover Sales Force – conveniently on sale now at your local Barnes & Noble or Borders or, if they’re sold out, at online at Amazon.com – I offer many ways of building and keeping a sales team that succeeds in part because managers aren’t constantly recruiting, training and ramping up new people. Buy a copy, for cryin’ out loud. What are you, cheap? Okay, trade it out. I’m game. One important point is that local business people won’t tell their story to the salesperson of the week. When your staff is stable it builds relationships with clients and prospects and avoids meaningless cold calling. If a key requirement of a sales job applicant at your station is that he or she has been born. you need to look deeper and hire better. There is an enormous payoff to having a stable sales force. You know what I wish for you: An incredible, profitable, highly satisfying New Year. Join me here regularly and I’ll share insights that will help you get there. Friday, December 31, 2010 HOW A STRONG ACCOUNT EXECUTIVE-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP BRIGHTENED A YOUNG JOCK’S LONELY NIGHT This is a personal story. I include it here because it shows how a top salesperson should relate not only to a strong client but to an air personality as well. It’s about a cold New Year’s Eve in a Midwest capital city. Yours truly was on the air, doing the ubiquitous end-of-year countdown show. Nothing unusual about that except for the locale: I was broadcasting from a converted camping trailer in an office building’s parking lot. Here’s why: The station where I was night jock and weekend play-by-play announcer had been sold. It planned to move into new digs in a nice downtown office building and the remodeling had been underway for some weeks when it became clear that we would have to vacate the old building – owned by our former partner, a TV station – before the studio suite in the new place would be finished. What to do? Borrow a remote trailer from a sister station in another market, tow it up to our city, plop it into a corner of the parking lot and wire that baby up. Welcome To Radio Siberia The little vehicle was nothing more than a camping trailer that had been gutted and re-purposed for remote broadcasts. I think our new sister station had used it for week-long broadcasts from its state fair. The door opened into a room that housed the remote equipment rack and a counter where the newscaster did his reports. Across the glass from him was the microscopic control room. To enter, you had to open a door, ease in, then shut it carefully. No visitors, either: there was room for exactly one person. This little studio, which was modestly soundproofed, sported a five-pot Gates Ambassador control board, two Gates turntables and an ITC three-deck cart machine. Everything else happened across the windy parking lot, inside the building. The newsroom was up and running. A make-shift production room was in there, too, along with executive and sales offices. And the restrooms. We rarely received visitors in our little corner of Siberia. A news dude would trudge out once an hour and the chief engineer, a young wire-twister who didn’t trust any announcer for anyreason, peered in from time to time to see if we were still on the air. Otherwise, it was actually rather peaceful.Except when the winter wind gusted across the open parking lot, which made the trailer rock a little. That was solved early on by anchoring it to the pavement with guys. Now you have the picture. The AE, The Veep and the GOOD Stuff And so we come to this particular New Year’s Eve. I had the 8-1 shift, the top-hits-of-the-year countdown show.The whole thing had been sold to a single sponsor, a major national convenience store chain. That in itself was a terrific idea. First, the time was hardly premium for most advertisers. Second, only the chain’s numerous metro locations would be open for New Year’s revelers to grab last-minute supplies of beer and snacks. That’s still a great idea for a New Year’s countdown show sponsorship package. Here’s where the really important part of this little tale occurs. I was well into the show when the trailer’s door swung open. Since it was always locked for security reasons, this had to be a station employee with a key. Sure enough, in climbed one of our top account executives – and he had a big grin on his face. I squeezed out of the little control room to say hello and he said, “Doug, I have someone I want you to meet.” And he introduced me to another smiling soul, who proved to be the Regional Vice President of the convenience store chain! I thought it was pretty cool that the two of them, who surely had other things to do on New Year’s Eve, had taken the time to stop by and swap howdies. But then it got even better: the VP and the AE began to bring in bag after bag after bag of stuff from the sponsor's stores: chips, dip, candy, frozen pizza, toilet paper, even loaves of bread and – BEER! It was all for the staff working on New Year’s Eve during the countdown show. Which meant one news guy and me. He and I later divvied up the goods (I managed to abscond with all the beer) and I happily went home to my apartment in the wee hours for my own little New Year’s party. The point of this little remembrance is to illustrate how a top salesperson should work with customers. In this case, the AE could have just had some goodies delivered. (Many wouldn't have bothered even with that.) Instead, he had formed such a good relationship with the regional VP that they decided to bring the viands in person. This strengthened their already strong relationship and, of course, it meant the world to a poorly-paid 22-year-old marooned in a trailer in a windy parking lot on New Year’s Eve. Next time there’s even a question about whether a salesperson should show up at a remote, client event or special program, pull this out as an example of how radio relationships ought to be. And have a wonderful, meaningful, joyous and profitable New Year! About Me DOUG McLEOD has been a leader in radio station management, sales and as an on-air talent for over 30 years. His experience includes all levels of the radio station management and selling process-from product creation and street-level selling to strategic marketing and sales management to business ownership. Doug's new book "THE ZERO TURNOVER SALES FORCE: How To Maximize Revenue By Keeping Your Sales Force Intact" was published in hard cover by AMACOM, the publishing arm of The American Management Association, in April, 2010.
The author, Bill Browder, may be Russian President Vladimir Putin’s No. 1 foe. For the past several years the British-American investor has led an international campaign to expose deep corruption and human-rights abuses in Putin’s Russia. His efforts culminated with the 2012 passage of the Magnitisky Act, which forbids “gross abusers” of rights in Russia from banking in or visiting the United States It’s named after Browder’s lawyer Sergei Magnitisky, a whistleblower who was murdered in a Moscow prison in 2009 after uncovering massive Russian government fraud. But before Browder became a thorn in Putin’s side, he was an ally of sorts. Browder was the founder and CEO of Hermitage Capital Management, and the largest foreign investor in Russia until he ran afoul of the government in 2005. In the tumultuous years following the fall of the Soviet Union, Browder made a fortune for himself and his clients by confronting some of the country’s corrupt oligarchs—a goal initially shared by Putin. But going after tycoons in Russia could be dangerous work, as Browder describes in this excerpt of his new book, Red Notice. Getting Ripped Off In 1939 Winston Churchill made a famous speech on whether he thought Russia would join the Second World War: “I cannot forecast to you the action of Russia. It is a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma; but perhaps there is a key. That key is Russian national interest.” Fast-forward to the present, where Russia’s erratic behavior is terrifying the whole world. Churchill’s observations about Russia still apply, but with one big proviso. Instead of the national interest guiding Russia’s actions, they are now guided by money, specifically the criminal acquisition of money. I can attest to this first hand. In 1996 I’d started an investment fund in Moscow called the Hermitage Fund, in partnership with the billionaire investor, Edmond Safra. We had a spectacular initial success. It was the best performing fund in the world in 1997, up 718% from inception with assets of more than $1 billion. But our success would all be thrown into jeopardy in January 1998 when the corruption that Russia is so famous for finally smacked me in the face. It began that month at a New Year’s party, where I confronted one of Russia’s leading investment bankers, a man named Boris Jordan, about a dilutive share issue that was going to steal $87 million from my fund. He met me head-on with a meaty handshake. “Bill, how are ya?” “Not great, Boris. What’s going on with Sidanco? If this share issue goes through, it’s going to be a real problem for me.” The fund, together with Safra, had invested heavily in an undervalued Russian oil company named Sidanco which had gone up eight times in one year, making the fund and Safra more than $100 million. After this big win, Boris’s boss, the billionaire oligarch and former deputy prime minister Vladimir Potanin, decided that we shouldn’t have that money. Boris and his colleagues threatened to do this dilutive share issue, which would nearly wipe our investment. Boris didn’t want a public confrontation at a New Year’s party, so he said, “Bill, it’s all a big misunderstanding. Don’t worry about a thing.” He turned his attention to a tray of canapés and picked one up. Avoiding my gaze, he said, “Tell you what. Come over to Renaissance tomorrow at four thirty and we’ll sort it out.” I took him at his word and tried to enjoy the party. The next day at 4:30 p.m. I walked into Renaissance Capital’s headquarters next to the Moscow River. I was unceremoniously shown to a windowless conference room. I was not offered anything to eat or drink, so I sat there and waited. And waited. And waited. I was ready to leave when the door finally opened — only it wasn’t Boris. It was Leonid Rozhetskin, a 31-year-old Russian-born, Ivy League-educated lawyer whom I’d met on a few occasions (and who, a decade later, would be murdered in Jurmala, Latvia after falling out with one of his business partners). “I’m sorry Boris couldn’t make it,” Leonid said in lightly accented English. “He’s busy.” “I am too.” “I’m sure you are. What brings you here today?” “You know what, Leonid. I’m here to talk about Sidanco.” “Yes. What about it?” “If this dilution goes forward, it’s going to cost me and my investors – including Edmond Safra – eighty-seven million dollars.” “Yes, we know. That’s the intention, Bill.” “What?” “That’s the intention,” he repeated matter-of-factly. “You’re deliberately trying to screw us?” He blinked. “Yes.” “But how can you do this? It’s illegal!” He recoiled slightly. “This is Russia. Do you think we worry about these types of things?” I couldn’t believe this. “Leonid, you may be screwing me over, but some of the biggest names on Wall Street are invested with me. The pebble may drop here, but the ripples go everywhere!” “Bill, we’re not worried about that.” We sat in silence as I processed this. He looked at his watch and stood. “If that’s all, I have to go.” Shocked, I tried to think of something to say and blurted, “Leonid, if you do this, I’m going to be forced to go to war with you.” He froze, and I did too. After a few seconds he began to laugh. What I’d said was preposterous and we both knew it. Go to war? Against an oligarch? In Russia? Only a fool would do that. When Leonid was finally able to contain himself, he said, “Is that so? Good luck with that, Bill.” Then he turned and left. I was so upset that for several seconds I couldn’t move, and when I finally could, I shook with humiliation and anger. I marched out of the Renaissance offices into the freezing Moscow night. When I got home I opened my mobile and called Edmond in New York. Nobody likes to lose money, and he was a notoriously bad loser. When I finished telling him the story, he asked, “What are we going to do, Bill?” “We’re going to fight these bastards, that’s what. We’re going to go to war.” “What are you talking about, Bill? You’re in Russia. You’ll be killed.” I gathered my wits. “Maybe I will, maybe I won’t. But I’m not going to let them get away with it.” I didn’t care if I was being brave or stupid, or if there was even a difference. I’d been backed into a corner and I meant what I said. “I can’t be part of this, Bill,” he said, safe in New York, 4,650 miles away. I was not safe, though, and it filled me with adrenaline. “Edmond, you’re my partner, not my boss. I’m going to fight these guys whether you’re with me or not.” He didn’t have anything else to say and we hung up. I didn’t sleep at all that night. Fighting Back By the next morning, regret and uncertainty had crept into me. But when I reached my office, a rush of activity shook me from my thoughts. Packed into the room were more than a dozen heavily armed bodyguards. The one in charge came up to me and in an Israeli accent pronounced, “I’m Ariel Bouzada, Mr. Browder. Mr. Safra sent us. We have four armored cars and fifteen men. We’ll be with you for as long as this situation lasts.” Apparently, Edmond was going to fight with me after all. But how in hell was I going to fight an oligarch? I assembled my team and we devised a plan. Our first step was to call all the Western investors who did business with Potanin and explain the details of what he was doing to us. Our message was simple: if you don’t stop him, you could be next. Every other time foreigners got ripped off in Russia they would attempt to figure out how to resist. But then their lawyers and advisers would point out that retaliation was infeasible and dangerous and, after all the tough talk, they would slink away like wounded animals. But this wasn’t every other time. I was never going to let Potanin get away with this without a fight. Less than a week later, Boris called, irate and rattled. “B-Bill,” he stammered, “what the hell are you doing calling our investors?” I tried to sound as calm as possible. “Didn’t Leonid tell you about our meeting?” “Yes, but I thought you understood the score.” I continued to play along, praying that my voice wouldn’t crack. “What score?” “Bill, you don’t seem to understand – you’re not playing by the rules!” With a steadiness that surprised even me, I said, “Boris, if you think I’m not playing by the rules now, wait until you see what I’m about to do to you next.” I didn’t wait for his response and hung up, exhilarated. I’d won Round One. The next part of our plan was to make the story public. I got in touch with a reporter from the Financial Times and shared all the details. She devoured every word and promised that the article would be big. She contacted Potanin to get his side. Because we were in Russia, Potanin had no choice but to escalate. His response was along the lines of, “Bill Browder is a terrible and irresponsible fund manager. If he had done his job properly, he would have known I was going to do this to him. His clients should sue him for every penny he’s worth.” It was an admission of his intent to screw us, and it was on the record. The FT published the story, which was then picked up by the rest of the financial media. Over the next few weeks, Sidanco’s dilutive share issue became the cause célèbre in Moscow— along with bets on how long I was going to survive. With so much coverage in the press, I decided to file a complaint with the Russian Federal Securities and Exchange Commission (FSEC). Pressured by the high-profile of the story, the Commission’s top official, a remarkably uncorrupted man named Dmitry Vasiliev, announced that he would take up the case. But investigations into Russian corporate malfeasance were virtually unprecedented, and I had no idea how Vasiliev would act. Unbeknownst to me, Edmond wasn’t willing to wait. He had dispatched his main deputy, Sandy Koifman, to Moscow to negotiate a settlement with Potanin behind my back. I found out about this only by chance when one of my brokers spotted Sandy in Moscow. I immediately called Safra’s chief legal officer in New York. He was embarrassed, but said, “Bill, I’m sorry, but you’re way out of your league here. This is serious business involving a lot of money. I think it’s best if you let us take over from here.” He may have been right if this were the United States or Great Britain, but this was Russia. I replied, “If you show even the smallest sign of weakness to these guys, our investors will lose everything and that will be on you.” I asked for more time to see what would happen with the FSEC. He was resistant, but after checking with Edmond he gave me ten more days. “After that, if nothing’s happened, we’re taking over.” The following days ticked by without so much as a peep from Vasiliev. On day six Edmond’s lawyer called and said, “Look, Bill, we promised you ten days, but nothing seems to be happening. We appreciate all that you’ve done, but it’s not working.” The next morning I dragged myself into the office with the intention of controlling the damage. Only I didn’t have to. Without any warning, a fax arrived with a printout of the front page of the Financial Times. The headline read, “Watchdog Annuls Sidanco Bond Issue.” Vasiliev had shut down the whole thing. That was it. I had won. I’d met the oligarch in the prison yard and earned some respect. More than that, I’d learned how to fight the Russians, who weren’t as invincible as they seemed. Russia Retaliates With my new sense of self-confidence I went after the oligarchs’ proactively. In the subsequent years I exposed corruption at Sberbank, Unified Energy Systems, and Gazprom with similar success. It turned out that Vladimir Putin, who’d come to power in 2000, had the same set of enemies as me. The oligarchs were stealing power from him and money from me. Every time I went after an oligarch Putin would mobilize the authorities and slap them down. It seemed as if it was all too good to be true, and it was. Early one morning in October 2003, as I was running on the treadmill in my apartment watching CNN, a breaking headline came across the screen saying that Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Russia’s richest man, had been arrested. Khodorkovsky had broken Putin’s golden rule: “Stay out of politics, and you can keep your ill-gotten gains.” Khodorkovsky had given millions of dollars to the opposition parties for the upcoming parliamentary elections, and he had begun to make statements that were clearly anti-Putin. Putin had to make an example out of him. Khodorkovsky was put on trial, convicted and sentenced to nine years in prison. During the trial Putin did something unprecedented: he allowed TV cameras in the courtroom to film Russia’s richest man as he sat silently in the defendant’s cage. After Khodorkovsky was found guilty, I think most of Russia’s oligarchs went one by one to Putin and said, “Vladimir Vladimirovich, what can I do to make sure I won’t end up sitting in a cage?” I wasn’t there, so I’m only speculating, but I imagine Putin’s response was something like this: “Fifty percent.” Not 50 percent to the government or 50 percent to the presidential administration, but 50 percent to Vladimir Putin. I don’t know this for sure. What I do know for sure was that after Khodorkovsky’s conviction, my interests and Putin’s were no longer aligned. He had brought the oligarchs to heel, consolidated his power, and, by many estimates, become the richest man in the world. It didn’t take long for Putin to turn against me. In November 2005 I was expelled from the country and officially declared a threat to national security. I thought I was done with Russia, but Russia was not done with me. Everything that had happened up until that point involved money, but what I couldn’t imagine was that in the ensuing years, Putin’s personal vendetta against me would see people close to me imprisoned and dead as my conflicts with Russia metastasized and spun wildly out of control. Adapted and excerpted from Red Notice: A True Story of High Finance, Murder, and One Man's Fight for Justice, obtained with permission from Simon & Schuster. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2015 by Bill Browder. Bill Browder, founder and CEO of Hermitage Capital Management, was the largest foreign investor in Russia until 2005. Since 2009 when his lawyer, Sergei Magnitsky, died in prison after uncovering a $230 million fraud committed by Russian government officials, Browder has been leading a campaign to expose Russia’s endemic corruption and human rights abuses. Before founding Hermitage, Browder was vice president at Salomon Brothers. He holds a BA in Economics from the University of Chicago and an MBA from Stanford Business School.
Q: Specific number of test/train size for each class in sklearn Data: import pandas as pd data = pd.DataFrame({'classes':[1,1,1,2,2,2,2],'b':[3,4,5,6,7,8,9], 'c':[10,11,12,13,14,15,16]}) My code: import numpy as np from sklearn.cross_validation import train_test_split X = np.array(data[['b','c']]) y = np.array(data['classes']) X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=4) Question: train_test_split will randomly choose test set from all the classes. Is there any way to have the same number of test set for each class? (For example, two data from class 1 and two data from class 2. Note that the total number of each classes are not equal) Expected result: y_test array([1, 2, 2, 1], dtype=int64) A: There is actually no sklearn function or parameter to do this directly. The stratify samples proportionately, which is not what you want as you indicated in your comment. You can build a custom function, which is relatively slower but not tremendously slow on an absolute basis. Note that this is built for pandas objects. def train_test_eq_split(X, y, n_per_class, random_state=None): if random_state: np.random.seed(random_state) sampled = X.groupby(y, sort=False).apply( lambda frame: frame.sample(n_per_class)) mask = sampled.index.get_level_values(1) X_train = X.drop(mask) X_test = X.loc[mask] y_train = y.drop(mask) y_test = y.loc[mask] return X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test Example case: data = pd.DataFrame({'classes': np.repeat([1, 2, 3], [10, 20, 30]), 'b': np.random.randn(60), 'c': np.random.randn(60)}) y = data.pop('classes') X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_eq_split( data, y, n_per_class=5, random_state=123) y_test.value_counts() # 3 5 # 2 5 # 1 5 # Name: classes, dtype: int64 How it works: Perform a groupby on X and sample n values from each group. Get the inner index of this object. This is the index for our test sets, and its set difference with the original data is our train index.
Abstract Systems Integration is widely accepted as the basis for improving the efficiency and performance of many engineering products. The aim is to build a unified optimised system not a collection of subsystems that are combined in some ad hoc manner. This moves traditional design boundaries and, in so doing, enables a structured evolution from an integrated system concept to an integrated system product. It is recognised that the inherent complexity cannot be handled effectively without mathematical modelling. The problem is not so much the large number of components but rather the very large number of functional interfaces that result. The costs involved are high and, if the claims of improved efficiency and performance are to be affordable (or even achievable), predictive modelling and analysis will play a major role in reducing risk. A modelling framework is required which can support integrated system development from concept through to certification. This means building a 'system' inside a computer and demonstrating the feasibility of an entire development cycle. The objective is to provide complete coverage of system functionality so as to gain confidence in the design before becoming locked into a full development programme with associated capital investment and contractual arrangements. With these points in mind the purpose of this thesis is threefold. First, to demonstrate the application of bond graphs as a unified modelling framework for aerospace systems. Second, to review the main principles involved with the modelling of engineering systems and to justify the selection of the bond graph notation as a suitable means of representing the power flow (i.e. the dynamics) of physical systems. Third, to present an exposition of the bond graph method and to evolve it into a versatile notation for integrated systems. The originality of the work is based on the recognition that systems integration is a relatively new field of interest without a mature body of academic literature or reported research. Apparently, there is no open literature on the modelling of complete air vehicles plus their embedded vehicle systems which deals with issues of integrated dynamics and control. To this end, bond graph concepts need to be developed and extended in new direction in order to facilitate an intuitive approach to the modelling of integrated systems.
Autoimmune-mediated pancreatic beta-cell damage is central to the development of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and its recurrence in islet transplant recipients. Proinflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators are important contributors to beta-cell damage. We have focused on the role of arachidonic acid metabolism by 12-Lipoxygenase (12LO) in leading to immune-mediated beta-cell destruction. 12LO can be activated and induced by proinflammatory cytokines. 12LO metabolites can initiate intracellutar signaling cascades leading to beta-cell dysfunction and death. In this proposal, we will test the hypothesis that the 12LO pathway plays a key role in autoimmunity-mediated inflammatory responses leading to beta-cell inhibition and death in T1DM. The specific aims are: 1) to characterize 12LO activation and induction by proinflammatory cytokines in human islets and in insulin-releasing beta-cells. Study the role and mechanism of how the 12LO pathway mediates cytokine-induced beta-cell dysfunction and death. The particular type of 12LO in human islets will be characterized. The effect of molecular inhibition of 12LO using a ribozyme or over-expression on cytokine signaling and action will be tested. 2) to define the role of 12LO in cytokine-mediated beta-cell destruction in autoimmune diabetes. 12LO expression and lipid peroxide production will be monitored in autoimmune diabetic NOD mice. Cytokine-susceptibility and cytokine signaling processes will be determined in a 12LO-null mouse. We will also further study 12-null mouse generated on NOD background. Diabetes incidence, severeness of insulitis and cytokine effects on isolated islets will be tested. Mechanism of 12LO gene targeting reduces autoimmune beta-cell destruction will be evaluated. We will also identify the inflammatory signaling pathways disrupted upon 12LO depletion in these mice. 3) Effect of 12LO gene targeting on improving islet graft survival will be studied utilizing spontaneously diabetic NOD mice as recipients. Donor islets will be from 12LO null mice as well as the wild type mouse islets-treated with the 12LO ribozyme. Graft survival and reduction in autoimmune damage will be studied. The results from this completed proposal will advance our understanding of the inflammatory processes causing autoimmune beta-cell destruction. The findings should provide new methods to preserve beta-cell mass ultimately leading to new therapeutic modalities to prevent T1DM and improve ability to reverse T1DM using islet transplantation.
Manohar Parrikar allays fears of small defence outlay, says he is a tough bargainer Manohar Parrikar allays fears of small defence outlay, says he is a tough bargainer Instructed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to "explain" the budget provisions to the people, Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar clarified that figures conceal the real picture. The defence budget for 2016-17 stood at Rs 3.41 lakh crore which is 17.23 per cent of the overall expenditure. Statistics can give conflicting picture, said Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar on Friday allaying apprehensions that spending on the modernisation of armed forces had shrunk. Finance Minister Arun Jaitley's budget omitted any reference to defence and the numbers mentioned in the accompanying documents reflected only a marginal hike. Instructed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to "explain" the budget provisions to the people, Parrikar clarified that figures conceal the real picture. In broad terms, the defence budget for 2016-17 stood at Rs 3.41 lakh crore which is 17.23 per cent of the overall expenditure. The defence pension will consume Rs 82,000 crore and Rs 78,000 crore has been kept for acquisitions to augment the fighting capacity of the forces. After paying the committed liabilities for the contracts signed earlier, Rs 12,000 crore will be left for the new deals in the offing. Parrikar said that adequate funds are available for new contracts including the much anticipated purchase of 36 French Rafale fighter jets negotiations for which were underway. The acquisition funds for last year could not be exhausted and the minister attributed this to an ingenious way evolved by the ministry to make use of available money. The NDA government has finalised purchases worth Rs 1.20 lakh crore ever since it came to power and around one lakh crore is in the pipeline. Several measures have been taken to rationalise expenses. On asked if the government has any alternative plan in mind if the purchase of French Rafale fighter jets did not fructify, the minister said the government will take a call once that stage reaches. Parrikar said he was a tough bargainer and would save the money for the country.
This was my first order from your company that I had shipped to my mother's home for use in Florida so I wouldn't have to carry these supplies (for a special affair cake) in Florida. The order was very promptly delivered, was correct, nice packaged; but most importantly the quality and taste of the ingredients ordered were phenomenal! Never mind your exceptional prices [the fondant I ordered cost me $8.95, compared to $14.95 in _________ (a local "crafts" store that carries a small selection of specialty confectioner's supplies at exorbitant prices ]. I have your website added to my favorites and will look to order from your company whenever I need specialty cake or any confectioner supplies. I would also appreciate it if you would email me any coupons, newsletters or any other mailings you provide when available Molds Sweet Wise carries the most demanded molds in the industry. Whether you need silicon, chocolate, or hard candy molds, Sweet Wise offers you the best selection of molds for every occasion. These clear molds are intended for mid temperature mediums. Chocolate Molds can be used not only for chocolate, but also as Candy Kote molds, Fondant Molds, Soap Molds, Butter Molds, Mint Molds, Clay Molds, and more. One of the most popular spring blooming trees, the dogwood -- create the blossoms with our 2 piece viener set. Made with food-grade silicone, this mold is extremely flexible and durable. Suggested uses include chocolate, fondant, gum paste, poured sugar and pressed sugar. Additionally, the molds can be used for ice, jello, etc. Oven safe to 350 degree Made with food-grade silicone, this mold is extremely flexible and durable. Suggested uses include chocolate, fondant, gum paste, poured sugar and pressed sugar. Additionally, the molds can be used for ice, jello, etc. Oven safe to 350 degree Made with food-grade silicone, this mold is extremely flexible and durable. Suggested uses include chocolate, fondant, gum paste, poured sugar and pressed sugar. Additionally, the molds can be used for ice, jello, etc. Oven safe to 350 degree The detail in this mold is extraordinary! This mold is so flexible, your flowers will come out with every petal in shape. The mold is so realistic, and best of all, nothing sticks to it!! This mold is very soft and flexible and can easily go from as high as 450 degrees to the freezer without affecting the mold! Kathy's Tip: Be sure to make your gumpaste ahead of time (by adding Tylose Powder to your Fondant), wrap it up and let it sit for 20-30 minutes so it can firm up slightly. Then place it into the mold, and it will come out much more easily, without stretching. Letting it sit in the mold for just a minute will help it come out even easier. The detail in this mold is extraordinary! This mold is so flexible, your flowers will come out with every petal in shape. The mold is so realistic, and best of all, nothing sticks to it!! This mold is very soft and flexible and can easily go from as high as 450 degrees to the freezer without affecting the mold! Kathy's Tip: Be sure to make your gumpaste ahead of time (by adding Tylose Powder to your Fondant), wrap it up and let it sit for 20-30 minutes so it can firm up slightly. Then place it into the mold, and it will come out much more easily, without stretching. Letting it sit in the larger molds like this one a little longer, perhaps 20 minutes up to an hour, will allow you to get every folded petal, nook and cranny, without flaws or stretching. A GREAT bonus about this mold is that you can get SMALLER ROSES by simply filling only the center! The detail in this mold is extraordinary! This mold is so flexible, your flowers will come out with every petal in shape. The mold is so realistic, and best of all, nothing sticks to it!! This mold is very soft and flexible and can easily go from as high as 450 degrees to the freezer without affecting the mold! Kathy's Tip: Be sure to make your gumpaste ahead of time (by adding Tylose Powder to your Fondant), wrap it up and let it sit for 20-30 minutes so it can firm up slightly. Then force it into the mold with the back of the Fondant Knife, and it will come out much more easily, without stretching. Using the Fondant Knife allows you to force the gumpaste into every tiny little detail, and then letting it sit in the mold for just a minute will help it come out even easier. Easily create beautiful uniform strands of roses using gumpaste, chocolate, or even poured sugar. This mold is resistant to rips and tears and best of all, is are incredibly detailed and nothing sticks to it!! This mold is very soft and flexible and can easily go from as high as 450 degrees to the freezer without affecting the mold. This mold can be used to create lower and upper borders, a strand of roses banding across the center of a cake, or even individual, beautiful blossoms when cut apart after unmolding! Kathy's Tip: Be sure to make your gumpaste ahead of time (by adding Tylose Powder to your Fondant), wrap it up and let it sit for 20-30 minutes so it can firm up slightly. Then place it into the mold, and it will come out much more easily, without stretching. !
An archive of personal & political considerations WELCOME to PURE & SIMPLE Explore my new WordPress theme called Pure & Simple...a theme built for professional bloggers with beautiful subtle features that gives you more when you are serious about your content! Unlimited colours, several blog styles, Jetpack ready with a gorgeous portfolio, mobile responsive...and much more! The F/Peminist Catholic As a Spanish Filipina, one of the most complex elements of life is faith. Faith is not just the Catholic Church. Faith, for me, incorporates relationships, love, and family. My faith is the beating heart of my life. From what gives life, I believe, is my faith in Something larger than the human mind’s comprehension, and therefore, is considered sacred. My relationship to catholicism is complicated by all the human conditions that I have been raised with: immigration, translation, ethnic shame, and ignorance. But it is a strong relationship. I know no other kinds of relationships other than strong ones. Despite all the destructive and narrow aspects of the human leadership I have experienced in the Church, I nonetheless, still believe in the power of Something larger and I believe in the spirituality of progress and growth. As a peminist ([Filipina-American feminism or Pinayism]the “f” sound is not found in Filipino dialect and was enforced by the Spanish’s conquest and King Phillip – note the “PH” sound in Phillip), there is an often disruptive relationship between peminism and catholicism. The Philippines is largely Catholic, something like 90% of the Philippines identifies catholic, and there is no divorce either. If you are Christian, you may be observing Holy Thursday today. This marks the beginning of the holiest time of the year in the Catholic Church. It is a time of solemnity, sacrifice, deep prayer, and observance. It gives way to Easter Sunday, the fireworks of all Holidays for the Catholic. (In addition, I can have movie popcorn again make it at home during Grey’s Anatomy. This sounds trivial, but you have no idea.) So, for those of you who identify with the Catholic Church and concern over its well-being, here is a link. It’s a survey asking for any Catholic, under the age of 40 to answer questions pertaining to the future of the church and your personal experience. I had much to say, surprise, surprise. But, I believe in supporting any kind of initiative that tries to gather opinion from the young. I believe that, despite what my experience tells me, the leadership, or at least some of the leadership, cares about what I, a young Catholic woman, thinks. This effort stems from someone in the the D.C area, surprise, surprise, and I encourage all who observe these holy days of the year, to contribute your thoughts to this survey. Post navigation More Articles 2 thoughts on “The F/Peminist Catholic” AWE April 6, 2007 I almost feel bad for whomever received MY input. It’s more like a dissertation about women, race, GLBTQ issues, and hierarchy of the church. RIGHT/WRITE ON! La Petite Marie April 6, 2007 That is an awesome link! I’m not sure if this was the point, but they just got an earful about the ridiculous views they have of womena and GLBT members of the Church. That felt good to get some stuff off my chest.
Amazingly, I climbed the same four peaks as the only other climbers log signer. Ixta was the most involved, came down in a snow storm the wrong way. Ended up on the glacier route, was very glad to have crampons. Popo had just started erupting so never got to there, but saw it erupting from Orizaba summit in 1997. Toluca and La Malinche are also fun; too bad the drug gangs make it so dangerous that few want to venture there anymore. I personally would like to go back someday, Mexico as a whole can be a good place to visit.
"With one out of five people in the world subject to Islamic law this important study of the Malaysian variant is a genuine milestone in our understanding of Muslim law and society. It challenges our appreciation of the power relations between men and women and of the politics of law in building a modern state. This is law not on the books but in daily life. The insights afforded here are central to the broader role Islamic law is playing in the lives of the whole world."--Lawrence Rosen, Princeton University "This is at once Michael Peletz's most sophisticated and most ambitious book. He is concerned with at least three huge projects: the Islamic resurgence, the Islamic legal system, and cultural politics. This is an evocative, often brilliant book that shows how cosmopolitan politics engineered from Kuala Lumpur have produced a contradictory notion of Asian values that poses an opaque but imminent danger."--Bruce Lawrence, author of Shattering the Myth: Islam Beyond Violence "Based on impressive fieldwork and archival research, this is the first full-length treatment of Islamic courts in contemporary Malaysia. It makes the important point that, far from being antiquated and out of touch, Islamic courts are helping to make a 'modern' Malaysia."--James Piscatori, coeditor of Muslim Politics
Samp close to takeover? By Football Italia staff Sampdoria’s American takeover is reportedly in the final stages, with club legend Gianluca Vialli set to return as President. According to Gazzetta dello Sport, Samp and York Capital Management – which is prepared to invest ‘up to €120m’ in the club – are close to an agreement. The newspaper explains meetings over the next few days will be ‘decisive’ in whether the takeover goes through, although it should only be ‘details’ away from completion. Vialli, for his part, recently became a director of British company Sunrise Sports Limited, which would be ready to support York Capital in its bid to buy the Blucerchiati. Watch Serie A live in the UK on Premier Sports for just £9.99 per month including live LaLiga, Eredivisie, Scottish Cup Football and more. Visit: https://www.premiersports.com/subscribenow
Television signals are currently broadcast and distributed mostly in `coded` form, that is to say that the original colour picture comprising red, green and blue component signals has been encoded into a single composite signal in accordance with the standards of the PAL, NTSC or SECAM systems, or their variants. These systems were evolved largely on the basis of broadcast requirements, and their characteristics were determined by such considerations as compatability with existing monochrome broadcast formats. Consequently, there are aspects of these systems which do not ideally suit the studio environment, where the video signal may be processed by a long chain of equipment and the main requirement is that minimal cumulative degradation takes place. As much of this equipment is now using digital storage and processing techniques, it is appropriate that new video standards have been introduced which operate in the `component` domain, that is `RGB` (red, green, blue) or `YUV` (matrixed RGB, being the three signals derived for use in the `coded` systems), the video signal being transferred between items of equipment in digital P.C.M. form. There is therefore a need for an interface between the coded analog and a component environment to allow conventional analog signals to be further processed in component form. Although this interface has obviously existed for as long a time as the coded system itself, (for example, in a colour television receiver where RGB signals are utlimately required for display), there are several levels of refinement associated with the decoding process, the more sophisticated decoding techniques being devised in an attempt to remove the degradations introduced into the decoded component signals as a result of the compromises inherent in coded signal standard itself. One of the major compromises associated with all existing coded formats is the requirement that the coded colour signal is contained within a bandwidth no greater than the corresponding monochrome standard, this being achieved by modulating the colour information (the U and V components) onto a subcarrier situated towards the top of the video bandwidth. This shared bandwidth leads to crosstalk between the signal components, the exact nature of the crosstalk being characteristic of the coded system in use. These effects are generally refered to as cross-colour and cross-luminance, an example being the appearance of coloured fringes in areas containing high-frequency picture detail (cross-colour). The simplest form of decoder attempts to separate the luminance and chrominance signal components purely on the basis of their predominant frequency bands, the luminance information being regarded as occupying the lower part of the spectrum and the chrominance the upper part, and this technique is basically that applied in the domestic TV set, where the above effects may be observed. The more sophisticated systems apply analog comb filter techniques to separate the luminance and chrominance components, the difficulty of separating signals occupying the same parts of the spectrum being overcome by exploiting the redundancy of information contained in a video signal when several neighbouring scan lines contain very similar information. It must be emphasised that this assumption is fundamental to the operation of line-based comb filters, as information theory shows that in the general case, the extra chrominance information cannot be introduced as an independent signal, without the occurence of crosstalk.
Dynamics of sialyl Lewis(a) in aqueous solution and prediction of the structure of the sialyl Lewis(a)-SelectinE complex. In this article we investigate all possible three-dimensional structures for sialyl Lewis(a) (SLe(a)) in aqueous solution and we predict without a priori experimental information its conformation when bound to SelectinE by using a combination of long molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Based on 10ns MD studies, three structures differing in glycosidic conformations are proposed for SLe(a) in aqueous solution. Based on a 4ns MD study of the SLe(a)-SelectinE complex with initial structures derived from our prediction tools, we find that, fucose and N-acetyl neuraminic acid are in close contact with SelectinE and therefore expect interactions of the protein with these two sugar rings to be significantly more important than in the case of galactose and N-acetyl glucosamine. Our predictions indicate that the N-acetyl glucosamine of SLe(a) is positioned primarily in the aqueous phase. In order to be able to interact with SLe(a) the side chains of amino acid residues Lys99 and Lys111 in SelectinE appear to undergo large conformational changes when contrasted with the positions of these residues in the X-ray crystal structure. Furthermore, amino acid residues Arg97, Glu98 and Lys99 are acting as a holding arm to position the NeuNAc of SLe(a) in the binding pocket.
// Type aliases and enums. typedef FrozenArray<(SpreadElement or Expression)> Arguments; typedef DOMString string; typedef string Identifier; typedef string IdentifierName; typedef string PropertyKey; typedef string Label; enum VariableDeclarationKind { "var", "let", "const" }; enum CompoundAssignmentOperator { "+=", "-=", "=", "/=", "%=", "=", "<<=", ">>=", ">>>=", "\|=", "^=", "&=" }; enum BinaryOperator { ",", "\|\|", "&&", "\|", "^", "&", "==", "!=", "===", "!==", "<", "<=", ">", ">=", "in", "instanceof", "<<", ">>", ">>>", "+", "-", "", "/", "%", "*", }; enum UnaryOperator { "+", "-", "!", "~", "typeof", "void", "delete" }; enum UpdateOperator { "++", "--" }; enum AssertedDeclaredKind { "var", "non-const lexical", "const lexical" }; // deferred assertions interface AssertedDeclaredName { attribute IdentifierName name; attribute AssertedDeclaredKind kind; attribute boolean isCaptured; }; interface AssertedPositionalParameterName { attribute unsigned long index; attribute IdentifierName name; attribute boolean isCaptured; }; interface AssertedRestParameterName { attribute IdentifierName name; attribute boolean isCaptured; }; interface AssertedParameterName { attribute IdentifierName name; attribute boolean isCaptured; }; typedef (AssertedPositionalParameterName or AssertedRestParameterName or AssertedParameterName) AssertedMaybePositionalParameterName; interface AssertedBoundName { attribute IdentifierName name; attribute boolean isCaptured; }; interface AssertedBlockScope { attribute FrozenArray<AssertedDeclaredName> declaredNames; attribute boolean hasDirectEval; }; interface AssertedScriptGlobalScope { attribute FrozenArray<AssertedDeclaredName> declaredNames; attribute boolean hasDirectEval; }; interface AssertedVarScope { attribute FrozenArray<AssertedDeclaredName> declaredNames; attribute boolean hasDirectEval; }; interface AssertedParameterScope { attribute FrozenArray<AssertedMaybePositionalParameterName> paramNames; attribute boolean hasDirectEval; attribute boolean isSimpleParameterList; }; interface AssertedBoundNamesScope { attribute FrozenArray<AssertedBoundName> boundNames; attribute boolean hasDirectEval; }; // nodes interface Node { //[TypeIndicator] readonly attribute Type type; }; typedef (Script or Module) Program; typedef (DoWhileStatement or ForInStatement or ForOfStatement or ForStatement or WhileStatement) IterationStatement; typedef (Block or BreakStatement or ContinueStatement or ClassDeclaration or DebuggerStatement or EmptyStatement or ExpressionStatement or FunctionDeclaration or IfStatement or IterationStatement or LabelledStatement or ReturnStatement or SwitchStatement or SwitchStatementWithDefault or ThrowStatement or TryCatchStatement or TryFinallyStatement or VariableDeclaration or WithStatement) Statement; typedef (LiteralBooleanExpression or LiteralInfinityExpression or LiteralNullExpression or LiteralNumericExpression or LiteralStringExpression) Literal; typedef (Literal or LiteralRegExpExpression or ArrayExpression or ArrowExpression or AssignmentExpression or BinaryExpression or CallExpression or CompoundAssignmentExpression or ComputedMemberExpression or ConditionalExpression or ClassExpression or FunctionExpression or IdentifierExpression or NewExpression or NewTargetExpression or ObjectExpression or UnaryExpression or StaticMemberExpression or TemplateExpression or ThisExpression or UpdateExpression or YieldExpression or YieldStarExpression or AwaitExpression) Expression; typedef (ComputedPropertyName or LiteralPropertyName) PropertyName; typedef (Method or Getter or Setter) MethodDefinition; typedef (MethodDefinition or DataProperty or ShorthandProperty) ObjectProperty; typedef (ExportAllFrom or ExportFrom or ExportLocals or ExportDefault or Export) ExportDeclaration; typedef (ImportNamespace or Import) ImportDeclaration; typedef (EagerFunctionDeclaration or LazyFunctionDeclaration) FunctionDeclaration; typedef (EagerFunctionExpression or LazyFunctionExpression) FunctionExpression; typedef (EagerMethod or LazyMethod) Method; typedef (EagerGetter or LazyGetter) Getter; typedef (EagerSetter or LazySetter) Setter; typedef (EagerArrowExpressionWithFunctionBody or LazyArrowExpressionWithFunctionBody or EagerArrowExpressionWithExpression or LazyArrowExpressionWithExpression) ArrowExpression; // bindings interface BindingIdentifier : Node { attribute Identifier name; }; typedef (ObjectBinding or ArrayBinding) BindingPattern; typedef (BindingPattern or BindingIdentifier) Binding; typedef (AssignmentTargetIdentifier or ComputedMemberAssignmentTarget or StaticMemberAssignmentTarget) SimpleAssignmentTarget; typedef (ObjectAssignmentTarget or ArrayAssignmentTarget) AssignmentTargetPattern; // `DestructuringAssignmentTarget` typedef (AssignmentTargetPattern or SimpleAssignmentTarget) AssignmentTarget; // `FormalParameter` typedef (Binding or BindingWithInitializer) Parameter; interface BindingWithInitializer : Node { attribute Binding binding; attribute Expression init; }; interface AssignmentTargetIdentifier : Node { attribute Identifier name; }; interface ComputedMemberAssignmentTarget : Node { // The object whose property is being assigned. attribute (Expression or Super) _object; // The expression resolving to the name of the property to be accessed. attribute Expression expression; }; interface StaticMemberAssignmentTarget : Node { // The object whose property is being assigned. attribute (Expression or Super) _object; // The name of the property to be accessed. attribute IdentifierName property; }; // `ArrayBindingPattern` interface ArrayBinding : Node { // The elements of the array pattern; a null value represents an elision. attribute FrozenArray<(Binding or BindingWithInitializer)?> elements; attribute Binding? rest; }; // `SingleNameBinding` interface BindingPropertyIdentifier : Node { attribute BindingIdentifier binding; attribute Expression? init; }; // `BindingProperty :: PropertyName : BindingElement` interface BindingPropertyProperty : Node { attribute PropertyName name; attribute (Binding or BindingWithInitializer) binding; }; typedef (BindingPropertyIdentifier or BindingPropertyProperty) BindingProperty; interface ObjectBinding : Node { attribute FrozenArray<BindingProperty> properties; }; // This interface represents the case where the initializer is present in // `AssignmentElement :: DestructuringAssignmentTarget Initializer_opt`. interface AssignmentTargetWithInitializer : Node { attribute AssignmentTarget binding; attribute Expression init; }; // `ArrayAssignmentPattern` interface ArrayAssignmentTarget : Node { // The elements of the array pattern; a null value represents an elision. attribute FrozenArray<(AssignmentTarget or AssignmentTargetWithInitializer?)> elements; attribute AssignmentTarget? rest; }; // `AssignmentProperty :: IdentifierReference Initializer_opt` interface AssignmentTargetPropertyIdentifier : Node { attribute AssignmentTargetIdentifier binding; attribute Expression? init; }; // `AssignmentProperty :: PropertyName : Node` interface AssignmentTargetPropertyProperty : Node { attribute PropertyName name; attribute (AssignmentTarget or AssignmentTargetWithInitializer) binding; }; typedef (AssignmentTargetPropertyIdentifier or AssignmentTargetPropertyProperty) AssignmentTargetProperty; // `ObjectAssignmentPattern` interface ObjectAssignmentTarget : Node { attribute FrozenArray<AssignmentTargetProperty> properties; }; // classes interface ClassExpression : Node { attribute BindingIdentifier? name; attribute Expression? super; attribute FrozenArray<ClassElement> elements; }; interface ClassDeclaration : Node { attribute BindingIdentifier name; attribute Expression? super; attribute FrozenArray<ClassElement> elements; }; interface ClassElement : Node { // True iff `IsStatic` of ClassElement is true. attribute boolean isStatic; attribute MethodDefinition method; }; // modules interface Module : Node { attribute AssertedVarScope scope; attribute FrozenArray<Directive> directives; attribute FrozenArray<(ImportDeclaration or ExportDeclaration or Statement)> items; }; // An `ImportDeclaration` not including a namespace import. interface Import : Node { attribute string moduleSpecifier; // `ImportedDefaultBinding`, if present. attribute BindingIdentifier? defaultBinding; attribute FrozenArray<ImportSpecifier> namedImports; }; // An `ImportDeclaration` including a namespace import. interface ImportNamespace : Node { attribute string moduleSpecifier; // `ImportedDefaultBinding`, if present. attribute BindingIdentifier? defaultBinding; attribute BindingIdentifier namespaceBinding; }; interface ImportSpecifier : Node { // The `IdentifierName` in the production `ImportSpecifier :: IdentifierName as ImportedBinding`; // absent if this specifier represents the production `ImportSpecifier :: ImportedBinding`. attribute IdentifierName? name; attribute BindingIdentifier binding; }; // `export FromClause;` interface ExportAllFrom : Node { attribute string moduleSpecifier; }; // `export ExportClause FromClause;` interface ExportFrom : Node { attribute FrozenArray<ExportFromSpecifier> namedExports; attribute string moduleSpecifier; }; // `export ExportClause;` interface ExportLocals : Node { attribute FrozenArray<ExportLocalSpecifier> namedExports; }; // `export VariableStatement`, `export Declaration` interface Export : Node { attribute (FunctionDeclaration or ClassDeclaration or VariableDeclaration) declaration; }; // `export default HoistableDeclaration`, // `export default ClassDeclaration`, // `export default AssignmentExpression` interface ExportDefault : Node { attribute (FunctionDeclaration or ClassDeclaration or Expression) body; }; // `ExportSpecifier`, as part of an `ExportFrom`. interface ExportFromSpecifier : Node { // The only `IdentifierName in `ExportSpecifier :: IdentifierName`, // or the first in `ExportSpecifier :: IdentifierName as IdentifierName`. attribute IdentifierName name; // The second `IdentifierName` in `ExportSpecifier :: IdentifierName as IdentifierName`, // if that is the production represented. attribute IdentifierName? exportedName; }; // `ExportSpecifier`, as part of an `ExportLocals`. interface ExportLocalSpecifier : Node { // The only `IdentifierName in `ExportSpecifier :: IdentifierName`, // or the first in `ExportSpecifier :: IdentifierName as IdentifierName`. attribute IdentifierExpression name; // The second `IdentifierName` in `ExportSpecifier :: IdentifierName as IdentifierName`, if present. attribute IdentifierName? exportedName; }; // property definition // `MethodDefinition :: PropertyName ( UniqueFormalParameters ) { FunctionBody }`, // `GeneratorMethod :: * PropertyName ( UniqueFormalParameters ) { GeneratorBody }`, // `AsyncMethod :: async PropertyName ( UniqueFormalParameters ) { AsyncFunctionBody }` interface EagerMethod : Node { attribute boolean isAsync; attribute boolean isGenerator; attribute PropertyName name; attribute unsigned long length; attribute FrozenArray<Directive> directives; attribute FunctionOrMethodContents contents; }; interface LazyMethod : Node { attribute boolean isAsync; attribute boolean isGenerator; attribute PropertyName name; attribute unsigned long length; attribute FrozenArray<Directive> directives; [Lazy] attribute FunctionOrMethodContents contents; }; // `get PropertyName ( ) { FunctionBody }` interface EagerGetter : Node { attribute PropertyName name; attribute FrozenArray<Directive> directives; attribute GetterContents contents; }; interface LazyGetter : Node { attribute PropertyName name; attribute FrozenArray<Directive> directives; [Lazy] attribute GetterContents contents; }; interface GetterContents : Node { attribute boolean isThisCaptured; attribute AssertedVarScope bodyScope; attribute FunctionBody body; }; // `set PropertyName ( PropertySetParameterList ) { FunctionBody }` interface EagerSetter : Node { attribute PropertyName name; attribute unsigned long length; attribute FrozenArray<Directive> directives; attribute SetterContents contents; }; interface LazySetter : Node { attribute PropertyName name; attribute unsigned long length; attribute FrozenArray<Directive> directives; [Lazy] attribute SetterContents contents; }; interface SetterContents : Node { attribute boolean isThisCaptured; attribute AssertedParameterScope parameterScope; attribute Parameter param; attribute AssertedVarScope bodyScope; attribute FunctionBody body; }; // `PropertyDefinition :: PropertyName : AssignmentExpression` interface DataProperty : Node { attribute PropertyName name; // The `AssignmentExpression`. attribute Expression expression; }; // `PropertyDefinition :: IdentifierReference` interface ShorthandProperty : Node { // The `IdentifierReference`. attribute IdentifierExpression name; }; interface ComputedPropertyName : Node { attribute Expression expression; }; // `LiteralPropertyName` interface LiteralPropertyName : Node { attribute string value; }; // literals // `BooleanLiteral` interface LiteralBooleanExpression : Node { attribute boolean value; }; // A `NumericLiteral` for which the Number value of its MV is positive infinity. interface LiteralInfinityExpression : Node { }; // `NullLiteral` interface LiteralNullExpression : Node { }; // `NumericLiteral` interface LiteralNumericExpression : Node { attribute double value; }; // `RegularExpressionLiteral` interface LiteralRegExpExpression : Node { attribute string pattern; attribute string flags; }; // `StringLiteral` interface LiteralStringExpression : Node { attribute string value; }; // other expressions // `ArrayLiteral` interface ArrayExpression : Node { // The elements of the array literal; a null value represents an elision. attribute FrozenArray<(SpreadElement or Expression)?> elements; }; // `ArrowFunction`, // `AsyncArrowFunction` interface EagerArrowExpressionWithFunctionBody : Node { // True for `AsyncArrowFunction`, false otherwise. attribute boolean isAsync; attribute unsigned long length; attribute FrozenArray<Directive> directives; attribute ArrowExpressionContentsWithFunctionBody contents; }; interface LazyArrowExpressionWithFunctionBody : Node { // True for `AsyncArrowFunction`, false otherwise. attribute boolean isAsync; attribute unsigned long length; attribute FrozenArray<Directive> directives; [Lazy] attribute ArrowExpressionContentsWithFunctionBody contents; }; interface EagerArrowExpressionWithExpression : Node { // True for `AsyncArrowFunction`, false otherwise. attribute boolean isAsync; attribute unsigned long length; attribute ArrowExpressionContentsWithExpression contents; }; interface LazyArrowExpressionWithExpression : Node { // True for `AsyncArrowFunction`, false otherwise. attribute boolean isAsync; attribute unsigned long length; [Lazy] attribute ArrowExpressionContentsWithExpression contents; }; interface ArrowExpressionContentsWithFunctionBody : Node { attribute AssertedParameterScope parameterScope; attribute FormalParameters params; attribute AssertedVarScope bodyScope; attribute FunctionBody body; }; interface ArrowExpressionContentsWithExpression : Node { attribute AssertedParameterScope parameterScope; attribute FormalParameters params; attribute AssertedVarScope bodyScope; attribute Expression body; }; // `AssignmentExpression :: LeftHandSideExpression = AssignmentExpression` interface AssignmentExpression : Node { // The `LeftHandSideExpression`. attribute AssignmentTarget binding; // The `AssignmentExpression` following the `=`. attribute Expression expression; }; // `ExponentiationExpression`, // `MultiplicativeExpression`, // `AdditiveExpression`, // `ShiftExpression`, // `RelationalExpression`, // `EqualityExpression`, // `BitwiseANDExpression`, // `BitwiseXORExpression`, // `BitwiseORExpression`, // `LogicalANDExpression`, // `LogicalORExpression` interface BinaryExpression : Node { attribute BinaryOperator operator; // The expression before the operator. attribute Expression left; // The expression after the operator. attribute Expression right; }; interface CallExpression : Node { attribute (Expression or Super) callee; attribute Arguments arguments; }; // `AssignmentExpression :: LeftHandSideExpression AssignmentOperator AssignmentExpression` interface CompoundAssignmentExpression : Node { attribute CompoundAssignmentOperator operator; // The `LeftHandSideExpression`. attribute SimpleAssignmentTarget binding; // The `AssignmentExpression`. attribute Expression expression; }; interface ComputedMemberExpression : Node { // The object whose property is being accessed. attribute (Expression or Super) _object; // The expression resolving to the name of the property to be accessed. attribute Expression expression; }; // `ConditionalExpression :: LogicalORExpression ? AssignmentExpression : AssignmentExpression` interface ConditionalExpression : Node { // The `LogicalORExpression`. attribute Expression test; // The first `AssignmentExpression`. attribute Expression consequent; // The second `AssignmentExpression`. attribute Expression alternate; }; // `FunctionExpression`, // `GeneratorExpression`, // `AsyncFunctionExpression`, interface EagerFunctionExpression : Node { attribute boolean isAsync; attribute boolean isGenerator; attribute BindingIdentifier? name; attribute unsigned long length; attribute FrozenArray<Directive> directives; attribute FunctionExpressionContents contents; }; interface LazyFunctionExpression : Node { attribute boolean isAsync; attribute boolean isGenerator; attribute BindingIdentifier? name; attribute unsigned long length; attribute FrozenArray<Directive> directives; [Lazy] attribute FunctionExpressionContents contents; }; interface FunctionExpressionContents : Node { attribute boolean isFunctionNameCaptured; attribute boolean isThisCaptured; attribute AssertedParameterScope parameterScope; attribute FormalParameters params; attribute AssertedVarScope bodyScope; attribute FunctionBody body; }; // `IdentifierReference` interface IdentifierExpression : Node { attribute Identifier name; }; interface NewExpression : Node { attribute Expression callee; attribute Arguments arguments; }; interface NewTargetExpression : Node { }; interface ObjectExpression : Node { attribute FrozenArray<ObjectProperty> properties; }; interface UnaryExpression : Node { attribute UnaryOperator operator; attribute Expression operand; }; interface StaticMemberExpression : Node { // The object whose property is being accessed. attribute (Expression or Super) _object; // The name of the property to be accessed. attribute IdentifierName property; }; // `TemplateLiteral`, // `MemberExpression :: MemberExpression TemplateLiteral`, // `CallExpression : CallExpression TemplateLiteral` interface TemplateExpression : Node { // The second `MemberExpression` or `CallExpression`, if present. attribute Expression? tag; // The contents of the template. This list must be alternating // TemplateElements and Expressions, beginning and ending with // TemplateElement. attribute FrozenArray<(Expression or TemplateElement)> elements; }; // `PrimaryExpression :: this` interface ThisExpression : Node { }; // `UpdateExpression :: LeftHandSideExpression ++`, // `UpdateExpression :: LeftHandSideExpression --`, // `UpdateExpression :: ++ LeftHandSideExpression`, // `UpdateExpression :: -- LeftHandSideExpression` interface UpdateExpression : Node { // True for `UpdateExpression :: ++ LeftHandSideExpression` and // `UpdateExpression :: -- LeftHandSideExpression`, false otherwise. attribute boolean isPrefix; attribute UpdateOperator operator; attribute SimpleAssignmentTarget operand; }; // `YieldExpression :: yield`, // `YieldExpression :: yield AssignmentExpression` interface YieldExpression : Node { // The `AssignmentExpression`, if present. attribute Expression? expression; }; // `YieldExpression :: yield * AssignmentExpression` interface YieldStarExpression : Node { attribute Expression expression; }; interface AwaitExpression : Node { attribute Expression expression; }; // other statements interface BreakStatement : Node { attribute Label? label; }; interface ContinueStatement : Node { attribute Label? label; }; interface DebuggerStatement : Node { }; interface DoWhileStatement : Node { attribute Expression test; attribute Statement body; }; interface EmptyStatement : Node { }; interface ExpressionStatement : Node { attribute Expression expression; }; interface ForInOfBinding : Node { attribute VariableDeclarationKind kind; attribute Binding binding; }; // `for ( LeftHandSideExpression in Expression ) Statement`, // `for ( var ForBinding in Expression ) Statement`, // `for ( ForDeclaration in Expression ) Statement`, // `for ( var BindingIdentifier Initializer in Expression ) Statement` interface ForInStatement : Node { // The expression or declaration before `in`. attribute (ForInOfBinding or AssignmentTarget) left; // The expression after `in`. attribute Expression right; attribute Statement body; }; // `for ( LeftHandSideExpression of Expression ) Statement`, // `for ( var ForBinding of Expression ) Statement`, // `for ( ForDeclaration of Expression ) Statement` interface ForOfStatement : Node { // The expression or declaration before `of`. attribute (ForInOfBinding or AssignmentTarget) left; // The expression after `of`. attribute Expression right; attribute Statement body; }; // `for ( Expression ; Expression ; Expression ) Statement`, // `for ( var VariableDeclarationList ; Expression ; Expression ) Statement` interface ForStatement : Node { // The expression or declaration before the first `;`, if present. attribute (VariableDeclaration or Expression)? init; // The expression before the second `;`, if present attribute Expression? test; // The expression after the second `;`, if present attribute Expression? update; attribute Statement body; }; // `if ( Expression ) Statement`, // `if ( Expression ) Statement else Statement`, interface IfStatement : Node { attribute Expression test; // The first `Statement`. attribute Statement consequent; // The second `Statement`, if present. attribute Statement? alternate; }; interface LabelledStatement : Node { attribute Label label; attribute Statement body; }; interface ReturnStatement : Node { attribute Expression? expression; }; // A `SwitchStatement` whose `CaseBlock` is // `CaseBlock :: { CaseClauses }`. interface SwitchStatement : Node { attribute Expression discriminant; attribute FrozenArray<SwitchCase> cases; }; // A `SwitchStatement` whose `CaseBlock` is // `CaseBlock :: { CaseClauses DefaultClause CaseClauses }`. interface SwitchStatementWithDefault : Node { attribute Expression discriminant; // The `CaseClauses` before the `DefaultClause`. attribute FrozenArray<SwitchCase> preDefaultCases; // The `DefaultClause`. attribute SwitchDefault defaultCase; // The `CaseClauses` after the `DefaultClause`. attribute FrozenArray<SwitchCase> postDefaultCases; }; interface ThrowStatement : Node { attribute Expression expression; }; // `TryStatement :: try Block Catch` interface TryCatchStatement : Node { attribute Block body; attribute CatchClause catchClause; }; // `TryStatement :: try Block Finally`, // `TryStatement :: try Block Catch Finally` interface TryFinallyStatement : Node { // The `Block`. attribute Block body; // The `Catch`, if present. attribute CatchClause? catchClause; // The `Finally`. attribute Block finalizer; }; interface WhileStatement : Node { attribute Expression test; attribute Statement body; }; interface WithStatement : Node { attribute Expression _object; attribute Statement body; }; // other nodes interface Block : Node { attribute AssertedBlockScope scope; attribute FrozenArray<Statement> statements; }; // `Catch` interface CatchClause : Node { attribute AssertedBoundNamesScope bindingScope; attribute Binding binding; attribute Block body; }; // An item in a `DirectivePrologue` interface Directive : Node { attribute string rawValue; }; interface FormalParameters : Node { attribute FrozenArray<Parameter> items; attribute Binding? rest; }; typedef FrozenArray<Statement> FunctionBody; // `FunctionDeclaration`, // `GeneratorDeclaration`, // `AsyncFunctionDeclaration` interface EagerFunctionDeclaration : Node { attribute boolean isAsync; attribute boolean isGenerator; attribute BindingIdentifier name; attribute unsigned long length; attribute FrozenArray<Directive> directives; attribute FunctionOrMethodContents contents; }; interface LazyFunctionDeclaration : Node { attribute boolean isAsync; attribute boolean isGenerator; attribute BindingIdentifier name; attribute unsigned long length; attribute FrozenArray<Directive> directives; [Lazy] attribute FunctionOrMethodContents contents; }; interface FunctionOrMethodContents : Node { attribute boolean isThisCaptured; attribute AssertedParameterScope parameterScope; attribute FormalParameters params; attribute AssertedVarScope bodyScope; attribute FunctionBody body; }; interface Script : Node { attribute AssertedScriptGlobalScope scope; attribute FrozenArray<Directive> directives; attribute FrozenArray<Statement> statements; }; interface SpreadElement : Node { attribute Expression expression; }; // `super` interface Super : Node { }; // `CaseClause` interface SwitchCase : Node { attribute Expression test; attribute FrozenArray<Statement> consequent; }; // `DefaultClause` interface SwitchDefault : Node { attribute FrozenArray<Statement> consequent; }; // `TemplateCharacters` interface TemplateElement : Node { attribute string rawValue; }; interface VariableDeclaration : Node { attribute VariableDeclarationKind kind; [NonEmpty] attribute FrozenArray<VariableDeclarator> declarators; }; interface VariableDeclarator : Node { attribute Binding binding; attribute Expression? init; };
Cat adoption saves lives. Adopt a cat and you'll have a friend for life! Contact us, or contact another local humane society, animal shelter or SPCA. Pets at Our Shelter: Cities, Towns, and/or Counties We Serve: North Central West Virginia About Our Shelter: PURR WV Inc. is a grass roots rescue effort born out of the areas need for humane rescue of cats and kittens. Our Mission Is to assist the area in rescue and rehabilitation of cats and kittens. We also are enhancing awareness of rescue and rehabilitation issues and needs through education and by example of this grass roots effort. We believe that by stressing the importance of being responsible pet owners and advocates, we can change the reality of felines everywhere. We are developing a new course of action for rescue and rehabilitation. We are seeking a new approach to the population issues that plagueour shelters and rescues, and believe the misuse of euthanasia as a population control is a thing of the past. We are making the world a more humane place, one kitty at a time. Come Meet our Pets: By appointment at our facility. Also during public adoption screenings and at retailers during set adoption days. Our Adoption Process: Dog adoption and cat adoption saves lives. Adopt a dog or adopt a cat and you'll have a friend for life! What is the difference between adopting a cat or kitten versus getting cats for sale or kittens for sale from a cat breeder? When someone is breeding kittens, they are creating new cats who need homes. Some people are interested in a very specific breed of cat or kitten and they think the only way to find that specific breed is to buy a cat for sale from a kitten breeder. Yet animal shelters are filled with cats who must find homes. So rather than buying a cat or kitten for sale from a cat breeder, we encourage people to adopt a cat or adopt a kitten at their local animal shelter, SPCA, humane society or pet rescue group.
Pionier Boys' School Pionier Boys' School is a school for children with learning difficulties. It is situated in the Dorado Park suburb of Windhoek, the capital of Namibia. The only other school in Windhoek that caters for students with general learning difficulties is Eros School for Girls, although there are other schools for children with specific handicaps such as hearing and visual impairments. Pionier Boys' School was established in 1955. There are 400 learners and 36 teachers at the school. One or two learners of the school are selected each year to serve on the Junior Council of the City of Windhoek. Principals of the school Dr. J.H.S. Oosthuizen 1955-1960 Mr. J. J. Vos 1960-1973 Mr. A. J. Venter 1975-1977 Mr. F. J. N. Steyn 1979-1980 Mr. J. H. Swiegers 1981-1985 Mr. Niewoudt Mr. Cloete Mr. Linde 1996 - 2001 Mr. B. Eiseb 2001 - 2006 Mr. Ock Van Wyk 2006 - References Category:Schools in Windhoek Category:Educational institutions established in 1955 Category:1955 establishments in South West Africa
Tower Hamlets demo A PASSIONATE and noisy protest against cuts in education marched through East London, attracting lots of attention and support from shoppers and local residents. The biggest single group represented among the 500 marchers were ESOL students, (people learning English as a second language), and their families. ESOL is facing the biggest cuts, with half the current classes facing the axe. Homemade placards read: "Learning English means I can educate my children". The campaign will need to be stepped up and continued over the summer if the vicious cuts at Tower Hamlets College are to be halted. As well as ESOL many other adult education courses and A-levels are under threat, and staff and students suspect that this is another attempt to close down the Bethnal Green Centre, one of the longest-serving adult education centres in London, which successfully fought to stay open this time last year.
Q: C# linq get all items in descendant and split the value Some time ago i asked the question how to read from a xml document and use the value (see C# xdocument read from element and put the value into string) Now i have the following issue, the solution given in the last thread works, but only if i do this: <root> <test> <Copy01>@SRCDIR@\test1 ,@INSTDIR@\test2</Copy01> </test> </root> but i want something like this: <root> <test> <Copy01>@SRCDIR@\test1 ,@INSTDIR@\test2</Copy01> <Copy02>@SRCDIR@\test3 ,@INSTDIR@\test4</Copy02> </test> </root but with the following code in C#: var copyitems = doc.Descendants(param[1]) .Select(s => { var splits = s.Value.Split(new string[] { "@SRCDIR@", "@INSTDIR@" }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); // split the string to separate source and destination. return new { Source = splits[0].Replace(",", ""), Destination = splits[1].Replace(",", "") }; }) .ToList(); Value of param[1] is "test" in this case it only picks the first copy (copy01) and not the second one. Any idea how to fix this? Nick A: You seem to want to select the child elements of the test elements. You can use SelectMany and the Elements methods to do it like this: var copyitems = doc.Descendants("test") //Select all "test" elements .SelectMany(x => x.Elements()) //Select all children of all "test" elements .Select(s => { //... }) .ToList();
Q: $_FILES and $_POST data empty when uploading certain files I've noticed that depending on the video I'm uploading that sometimes the entire $_POST and $_FILES array will be empty. This is an odd occurrence but I have found it in a few videos. For the sake of testing the videos I was using are all of video/mp4 file type. <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body> <?php var_dump($_POST); var_dump($_FILES); ?> <form method="post" action="" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="file" name="attachment"> <input type="text" name="other"> <button type="submit" class="save" value="Save Changes">Upload that file!</button> </form> </body> </html> The output of a good video is Array ( [other] => testing string ) Array ( [attachment] => Array ( [name] => Shasta.mp4 [type] => video/mp4 [tmp_name] => /private/var/tmp/phpAoDLKi [error] => 0 [size] => 4688949 ) ) While a bad request displays the following Array ( ) Array ( ) I've modified my php.ini to allow file uploads to the size of 50mb, the files I'm testing with are 4.7mb and 10.2mb. I'm completely stumped on what the cause is, the video file names are Shasta.mp4 (good file) and Bulova_Watches.mp4 (bad file). If need be I can upload the files to a site for others to test. A: The issue you are facing is due to the fact that post_max_size is set to 8M as default in your php.ini. As your file is 10.4MB you run into the following error: POST Content-Length of 10237675 bytes exceeds the limit of 8388608 bytes in Unknown Because you've reached that limit. The trick to fixing this is to simply up that limit by changing the value. You could simply change it directly in your php.ini file to whatever you desire, i.e. 20M. Or you could set it via your .htaccess file with: php_value post_max_size 20M php_value upload_max_filesize 20M Note: I've also added the required upload_max_filesize that you will require for the bigger files :)
Your post has been published! Review: Scarpetta Toronto The ultra chic Thompson Hotel is seeking to provide Toronto tourists and locals a form of luxury never seen in Toronto. By being the first five-star hotel to open in Toronto since the Hazelton Hotel, and the primary competitor to soon- to- open Ritz-Carelton, Trump International, the new Four Seasons and the Shangri-La the Thompson group knew everything had to be perfect. One of the key strategies for the Thompson Hotel is to not only have luxurious rooms but a flagship restaurant that adds to the hotel experience. When Thompson Hotel opened up in New York City, they lured Toronto super chef Susur Lee to open up his first NYC restaurant. Coincidentally, the Toronto hotel has nabbed one of New York City’s top Italian chefs, Scott Conant, to open up a location in Toronto. The opening of Scarpetta comes with a great amount of fan-fare as this is the first time a star chef has opened up a location in the city of Toronto. Over the years, there have been rumours of celebrity chefs looking to open up high-end restaurants in Toronto, but there have always been question marks surrounding the desire of Torontonians to pay top dollar for a meal. Scarpetta, which is the restaurants third location throughout North America was slated to open in Mid-June and then got delayed to the end of July after several constructional hiccups due to the gas line. After Scott Conant’s open letter to Toronto, came off as being condescending more than “cool”, things weren’t looking good for the New York native. Although Chef Conant may not be that great with words, I had to make sure to check out his new restaurant. On August 13th, I made my way to Scarpetta for a 9:30 reservation. Scarpetta is on the ground-floor of the hotel, and a bar stands right outside of the restaurant. For anyone who wants to try some of Conant’s dishes, the bar will be serving food in the near future. Right from the beginning there was something different with Scarpetta compared to other restaurants within the city. The best way to describe the culture of this restaurant is perfection. From the hostess, to the waitress, to the busser there is a sense of professionalism and pride throughout the whole restaurant. The restaurant was packed and talking to one of the managers it seems they are reaching full capacity on a regular basis. We were placed at a corner table that barely had any room for anything more than two plates. The side window provided a great view of the CN Tower. To start we were provided a basket of different breads with three different toppings; chunky eggplant camponata, citrus-infused olive oil and a butter-mascarpone spread. At Scarpetta, the breads go further than the traditions of an Italian meal as the restaurant is named after the Italian-slang la scarpetta, which means to soup your pasta sauce with the bread. The breads were fresh and the mascarpone spread was thick and rich. Prior to even glancing over the menu, I knew I wanted to taste some of his signature dishes including the creamy polenta with a fricassee of truffled mushroom ($15). The dish was delicious and I clearly understand why this is one of the more popular items on his menu. The polenta was rich and provided a great sweet creamy aftertaste upon each bite. This dish was eaten in whole in less than five minutes and now I understand why polenta is more popular than pasta in some regions of Italy. The second dish that we ordered was the Spaghetti with Tomato and Basil ($23). This is probably the most distinguished dish on Chef Conant’s menu and has received rave reviews over the years. The dish can’t get any simpler and there isn’t any secret to his recipe as he openly shares his recipe on his website and is posted on SeriousEats as well. When first served the pasta, the first thought that came to mind was “Is that it for $23?” as there didn’t seem to be a large portion, but as you take the first bite it is obvious the pasta is a bit heavier and the portions are actually perfect. The pasta is made fresh and it is explicitly clear as the noodles are a bit rougher than I’m used to. This was the dish I was most excited to try as it seemed to get the most accolades from food critics in New York City and Miami. Although I found the dish to be perfectly executed, I also felt a bit let down as I was hoping this simple dish would have a little something that would take it to that next level. Perhaps I set the bar too high for this dish, but for $23 a plate I was expecting to be wowed and after the excellent polenta I thought the pasta would have blown me away. To end the meal I had the Coconut Panna Cotta ($11), another one of his recipes that is openly shared on the Scarpetta website. I didn’t think that the coconut and guava would work very well together but it provided a very vibrant flavour and made a great way to end the meal. We also ordered the Chocolate and Vanilla Parfait with a hazelnut milkshake and biscotti ($11), which had layers of flavours and wasn’t overly rich. I was astonished that I came into a highly acclaimed restaurant and chose to eat all vegetarian-friendly dishes. Unfortunately many finer dining establishments overlook this group, but its obvious Chef Conant is not afraid to create refined dishes that are meatless. It is obvious that Scarpetta is at another level compared to many of the Italian restaurants in Toronto, its my hope that the restaurant will get even better as the years go on, and the competition starts getting more fierce. Summer is in full swing, which (hopefully) means trips to the park or the beach. If you’re taking a picnic along, you should know a few food safety rules so you can pack, transport, and eat your meal without the threat of food poisoning. Liz Weinandy (01:32) Basic Boneless Roasted Leg of Lamb A roasted boneless leg of lamb makes an impressive centerpiece for your table, but this recipe is easy enough to pull off any time. A classic gremolata perfumes the lamb; the mixture of garlic, lemon, and parsley holds its own against the strong flavor of the meat. Read more.
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> <meta name="verify-v1" content="oJj9+cXtpch0MSVjYgtyvC+Y57yYC6Cz9zFOd1+FXSw=" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="meta" title="DOAP" type="application/rdf+xml" href="http://www.fxruby.org/doap.rdf" /> <title>Community</title> </head> <body> <!-- wrap starts here --> <div id="wrap"> <!--header --> <div id="header"> <h1 id="logo-text"><a href="index.html">FXRuby</a></h1> <p id="slogan">Graphical User Interface Development for Ruby</p> </div> <!-- menu --> <div id="menu"> <ul> <li ><a href=/ >Home</a></li> <li id='current'><a href=# >Community</a></li> <li ><a href=/downloads.html >Downloads</a></li> <li ><a href=/documentation.html >Documentation</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- content-wrap starts here --> <div id="content-wrap"> <div id="sidebar"> <h3>Get the Book!</h3> <a href="http://www.pragprog.com/titles/fxruby"><img src="images/fxruby-book.jpg" alt="FXRuby: Create Lean and Mean GUIs with Ruby" width="175" height="210" /></a> <h3>Links</h3> <ul class="sidemenu"> <li><a href="http://rubyforge.org/news/?group_id=300">News</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.fxruby.org/doc/book.html">User's Guide</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.fxruby.org/doc/api">API Docs</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.fxruby.org/doc/examples.html">Screenshots</a></li> <li><a href="http://rubyforge.org/tracker/?atid=1223&group_id=300&func=browse">Report Bugs</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html">License</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="main"> <h1>Mailing Lists</h1> <h2>Announcements</h2> <p>The announcements list is a low-traffic list on which new releases of FXRuby, as well as software based on FXRuby, will be announced. Discussions on various topics however should preferably take place in the users list, to prevent swamping people’s mailboxes. To subscribe, fill out the <a href="http://rubyforge.org/mailman/listinfo/fxruby-announce" title="Announcements List Subscription Form">web-based subscription form</a>.</p> <h2>General Discussion</h2> <p>The users list is intended for discussion on various FOX and FXRuby topics between developers and/or users of FXRuby and applications based on it. If you have questions, feel free to post your questions here, as many people are only too happy to answer them. To subscribe, fill out the <a href="http://rubyforge.org/mailman/listinfo/fxruby-users" title="General Discussion List Subscription Form">web-based subscription form</a>.</p> </div> <!-- content-wrap ends here --> </div> <!--footer starts here--> <div id="footer"> <p> © 2008 Lyle Johnson<br /> Web Site Generated Using <a href="http://webby.rubyforge.org/" title="Webby">Webby</a> </p> </div> <!-- wrap ends here --> </div> </body> </html>
package unit.issues; class Issue3403 extends Test { function test() { var val = [1,2,3,4]; var x = Std.downcast(val, Array); eq(val,x); var val:Dynamic = val; x = Std.downcast(val,Array); eq(val,x); t(val != null); t(x != null); var g = new G([1,2,3,4]); var g2:Dynamic = g; var g3:G<Array<Int>> = Std.downcast(g2,G); eq(g,g2); eq(g,g3); t(g3 != null); t(g != null); g2 = "Incorrect type"; g3 = Std.downcast(g2,G); eq(g3,null); g2 = 10; g3 = Std.downcast(g2,G); eq(g3,null); } } private class G<T> { public var val(default,null):T; public function new(val) { this.val = val; } }
Use of risk of malignancy index to indicate frozen section analysis in the surgical care of women with ovarian tumors. To evaluate the importance of the risk of malignancy index (RMI) in the decision to perform frozen section analysis among women with ovarian tumors. A retrospective study was conducted in 11 centers in the Netherlands. Women who underwent surgical treatment of an ovarian mass with unknown histology between January 2005 and September 2009 were included. The RMI was calculated retrospectively. Frozen section analysis and RMI values were assessed for patients with benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian tumors on final histopathology. Overall, 670 women were included. Frozen sections were performed in 323 (48.2%) patients, of whom 206 (63.8%) were diagnosed with benign ovarian tumors, 55 (17.0%) with borderline tumors, and 62 (19.2%) with malignant tumors. Overall, 109 (16.3%) women had an RMI below 20, 106 (97.2%) of whom had benign histology results. Among 235 patients with an RMI over 100, 3 (1.3%) postmenopausal women had malignancies that were missed because frozen sections were not performed. Women with an RMI below 20 have a low risk of malignancy and therefore do not require frozen section analysis. Postmenopausal women with an RMI greater than 100 should be referred to centers where frozen sections can be performed, and proper facilities and expertise are available to perform staging procedures if necessary.
module Tests exposing (..) import Dict import ElmHtml.InternalTypes exposing (Attribute(..), ElmHtml(..), EventHandler, Facts, NodeRecord, Tagger, decodeAttribute, decodeElmHtml) import ElmHtml.ToHtml import ElmHtml.ToElmString exposing (toElmString) import Expect import Html exposing (Html, button, div, input, text) import Html.Attributes exposing (class, colspan, disabled, style, value) import Html.Events exposing (onCheck, onClick, onInput) import Json.Decode exposing (decodeValue) import Json.Encode import Native.HtmlAsJson import Svg.Attributes exposing (xlinkHref) import Test exposing (..) elmHtml : Test elmHtml = describe "ElmHtml parsing" [ test "parsing a node" <\| \() -> div [] [] \|> fromHtml \|> Expect.equal (Ok (NodeEntry decodedNode)) , test "parsing a text" <\| \() -> text "foo" \|> fromHtml \|> Expect.equal (Ok (TextTag { text = "foo" })) , test "parsing attributes" <\| \() -> let facts = { decodedFacts \| stringAttributes = Dict.fromList [ ( "className", "foo" ), ( "value", "bar" ) ] , boolAttributes = Dict.fromList [ ( "disabled", True ) ] } expected = { decodedNode \| tag = "button", facts = facts } in button [ class "foo", value "bar", disabled True ] [] \|> fromHtml \|> Expect.equal (Ok (NodeEntry expected)) , test "parsing children" <\| \() -> let expected = { decodedNode \| children = [ NodeEntry decodedNode, TextTag { text = "foo" } ] , descendantsCount = 2 } in div [] [ div [] [] , text "foo" ] \|> fromHtml \|> Expect.equal (Ok (NodeEntry expected)) , describe "parsing events" [ testParsingEvent "click" (onClick SomeMsg) , testParsingEvent "input" (onInput InputMsg) , testParsingEvent "change" (onCheck CheckMsg) ] , describe "parsing Html.map" [ test "adds the correct tagger to a mapped button" <\| \() -> let taggedNode = input [ onInput identity ] [] \|> Html.map (\msg -> msg ++ "bar") \|> fromHtml in taggedNode \|> Result.andThen (simulate "input" "{\"target\": {\"value\": \"foo\"}}") \|> Expect.equal (Ok "foobar") , test "adds two taggers to a double mapped button with changing types" <\| \() -> let taggedNode = input [ onInput identity ] [] \|> Html.map (\str -> [ str ] ++ [ "bar" ]) \|> Html.map (\list -> ( list, "baz" )) \|> fromHtml in taggedNode \|> Result.andThen (simulate "input" "{\"target\": {\"value\": \"foo\"}}") \|> Expect.equal (Ok ( [ "foo", "bar" ], "baz" )) ] ] elmHtmlToHtml : Test elmHtmlToHtml = describe "Turning the AST into Html" [ test "parsing a node" <\| \() -> div [] [] \|> fromHtml \|> Result.map ElmHtml.ToHtml.toHtml \|> Expect.equal (Ok <\| div [] []) , test "parsing a text" <\| \() -> text "foo" \|> fromHtml \|> Result.map ElmHtml.ToHtml.toHtml \|> Expect.equal (Ok <\| text "foo") , test "parsing a text in a div" <\| \() -> div [] [ text "foo" ] \|> fromHtml \|> Result.map ElmHtml.ToHtml.toHtml \|> Expect.equal (Ok <\| div [] [ text "foo" ]) , test "parsing a text in a div in a div in a div " <\| \() -> div [] [ div [] [ text "banana", div [] [ text "foo", text "bar" ] ] ] \|> fromHtml \|> Result.map ElmHtml.ToHtml.toHtml \|> Expect.equal (Ok <\| div [] [ div [] [ text "banana", div [] [ text "foo", text "bar" ] ] ]) , test "parsing styles in a div" <\| \() -> div [ Html.Attributes.style [ ( "background", "red" ) ] ] [ text "foo" ] \|> fromHtml \|> Result.map ElmHtml.ToHtml.toHtml \|> Expect.equal (Ok <\| div [ Html.Attributes.style [ ( "background", "red" ) ] ] [ text "foo" ]) , test "parsing attributes a div" <\| \() -> div [ Html.Attributes.name "fish", Html.Attributes.checked True ] [ text "foo" ] \|> fromHtml \|> Result.map ElmHtml.ToHtml.toHtml \|> Expect.equal (Ok <\| div [ Html.Attributes.name "fish", Html.Attributes.checked True ] [ text "foo" ]) , test "parsing attributes in a nested div" <\| \() -> div [ Html.Attributes.name "fish", Html.Attributes.checked True ] [ Html.li [ Html.Attributes.type_ "hello" ] [ text "foo" ] ] \|> fromHtml \|> Result.map ElmHtml.ToHtml.toHtml \|> Expect.equal (Ok <\| div [ Html.Attributes.name "fish", Html.Attributes.checked True ] [ Html.li [ Html.Attributes.type_ "hello" ] [ text "foo" ] ]) , test "parsing events in a div" <\| \() -> div [ Html.Events.onClick True ] [] \|> fromHtml \|> Result.map ElmHtml.ToHtml.toHtml \|> Expect.equal (Ok <\| div [ Html.Events.onClick True ] []) ] elmHtmlToElmString : Test elmHtmlToElmString = describe "Turning the AST into Elm, but as a string" [ test "parsing a node" <\| \() -> div [] [] \|> fromHtml \|> Result.map toElmString \|> Expect.equal (Ok <\| "Html.div [ ] [ ]") , test "parsing a text" <\| \() -> text "foo" \|> fromHtml \|> Result.map toElmString \|> Expect.equal (Ok <\| "Html.text \"foo\"") , test "parsing a nested node" <\| \() -> div [] [ div [] [ text "hello" ] ] \|> fromHtml \|> Result.map toElmString \|> Expect.equal (Ok <\| "Html.div [ ] [ Html.div [ ] [ Html.text \"hello\"]]") , test "parsing an attribute" <\| \() -> div [ Html.Attributes.checked True ] [ text "hello" ] \|> fromHtml \|> Result.map toElmString \|> Expect.equal (Ok <\| "Html.div [ Html.Attributes.property \"checked\" <\| Json.Encode.bool True ] [ Html.text \"hello\"]") ] attributes : Test attributes = describe "Attribute parsing" [ test "parsing Attribute" <\| \() -> colspan 1 \|> fromAttribute \|> Expect.equal (Ok (Attribute { key = "colspan", value = "1" })) , test "parsing NamespacedAttribute" <\| \() -> xlinkHref "#id" \|> fromAttribute \|> Expect.equal (Ok (NamespacedAttribute { key = "xlink:href", value = "#id", namespace = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" })) , test "parsing Property" <\| \() -> disabled True \|> fromAttribute \|> Expect.equal (Ok (Property { key = "disabled", value = Json.Encode.bool True })) , test "parsing Event" <\| \() -> onClick () \|> fromAttribute \|> Expect.equal (Ok (Event { key = "click", decoder = toJson (Json.Decode.succeed ()), options = Html.Events.defaultOptions })) , test "parsing Styles" <\| \() -> style [ ( "margin", "0" ) ] \|> fromAttribute \|> Expect.equal (Ok (Styles [ ( "margin", "0" ) ])) ] type Msg = SomeMsg \| InputMsg String \| CheckMsg Bool toJson : a -> Json.Decode.Value toJson = Native.HtmlAsJson.unsafeCoerce eventDecoder : EventHandler -> Json.Decode.Decoder msg eventDecoder eventHandler = Native.HtmlAsJson.eventDecoder eventHandler eventHandler : String -> Html a -> Json.Decode.Value eventHandler eventName node = Native.HtmlAsJson.eventHandler eventName node taggerFunction : Tagger -> (a -> msg) taggerFunction tagger = Native.HtmlAsJson.taggerFunction tagger taggedEventDecoder : List Tagger -> EventHandler -> Json.Decode.Decoder msg taggedEventDecoder taggers eventHandler = case taggers of [] -> eventDecoder eventHandler [ tagger ] -> Json.Decode.map (taggerFunction tagger) (eventDecoder eventHandler) tagger :: taggers -> Json.Decode.map (taggerFunction tagger) (taggedEventDecoder taggers eventHandler) fromAttribute : Html.Attribute a -> Result String Attribute fromAttribute attribute = toJson attribute \|> decodeValue decodeAttribute decodedNode : NodeRecord msg decodedNode = { tag = "div" , children = [] , facts = decodedFacts , descendantsCount = 0 } decodedFacts : Facts msg decodedFacts = { styles = Dict.fromList [] , events = Dict.fromList [] , attributeNamespace = Nothing , stringAttributes = Dict.fromList [] , boolAttributes = Dict.fromList [] } fromHtml : Html a -> Result String (ElmHtml msg) fromHtml html = toJson html \|> decodeValue (decodeElmHtml taggedEventDecoder) simulate : String -> String -> ElmHtml msg -> Result String msg simulate eventName event parsedHtml = case parsedHtml of NodeEntry node -> Dict.get eventName node.facts.events \|> Result.fromMaybe "Tried to trigger event on something other than a NodeEntry" \|> Result.andThen (\eventDecoder -> Json.Decode.decodeString eventDecoder event) _ -> Err "Tried to trigger event on something other than a NodeEntry" testParsingEvent : String -> Html.Attribute a -> Test testParsingEvent eventName eventAttribute = test ("parsing " ++ eventName) <\| \() -> let node = button [ eventAttribute ] [] facts = { decodedFacts \| events = Dict.fromList [ ( eventName, eventDecoder (eventHandler eventName node) ) ] } expected = { decodedNode \| tag = "button", facts = facts } in node \|> fromHtml \|> Expect.equal (Ok (NodeEntry expected))
NHA Women's Fleece Sweater Vest We don't want to state the obvious, but in nature, travel free movement of your arms is a good thing. Welcome to the Nat Hab Sweater Vest! Reach high for your camera gear from the top storage of your sailboat; keep your arm's dry as you kayak the coast of Greenland. And even if you don't see the benefits of a vest versus a long-sleeve fleece, this item looks cool as it harkens back to the safari days of yore. Made by Patagonia.
A large number of synthetic compounds having pest-controlling activities have so far been used as insecticides. Most of them, however, belong to the family of organic phosphoric acid esters, carbamic acid esters, organic chlorine-containing compounds or pyrethroid compounds. On the other hand, it isreportedthat 1-arylpyrazole derivatives having a hydrogen or halogen atom or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, cyano, nitro, carbamoyl or thiocarbamoyl group at position 3 of the pyrazole ring exhibit insecticidal activity [JP-A-228065/1987, 207259/1987, 148240/1993, 282366/1990, 86054/1993, and JP-A-500319/1995, etc.]. However, while these pyrazole derivatives are high in insecticidal activity, they show high toxicity to man, animals and fish. In some cases, they show toxicity even in natural enemies to pests. Moreover, these compounds tend to remain in soil to a considerable extent. For these and other reasons, satisfactory effects are not always obtained under the existing circumstances.
'Victims being let down' by shortage of detectives in 'national crisis' for policing Ross Robertson Victims are being let down, criminal cases shelved and suspects left untracked as police fail to carry out basic functions, a damning report reveals. The findings prompted an official watchdog to raise the alarm over the "potentially perilous" state of British policing. HM Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC) also issued an unprecedented warning that a shortage of detectives and investigators amounted to a "national crisis". And it was revealed suspected murderers and rapists were among thousands wanted by forces around the country. Inspectors said the public was being left at unacceptable risk as a minority of services artificially suppressed demand. They uncovered evidence of emergency calls being downgraded in order to justify a slower response and failings in responding to vulnerable victims. Fewer arrests were made, a large number of crimes were effectively "written off", suspects were not always pursued and inexperienced officers were left to carry out complex investigations, the review found. The wide-ranging report found: :: Initial risk assessments made by call handlers being downgraded because of a lack of available officers to respond immediately :: A lack of focus directed to apprehending wanted individuals, with the details of 67,000 suspects not placed on the police national computer (PNC) :: As of August there were 45,960 wanted suspects on the database, including those being sought for offences including terrorism, murder and rape :: In too many cases "insufficient action" was taken to actively track down wanted suspects once their details had been circulated on the PNC :: Limited capacity within many forces to manage the risk posed by the most dangerous offenders :: Neighbourhood policing, described as "the bedrock" of the service, continues to be eroded :: Gangs of violent and dangerous criminals not formally classified. HMIC said it was warning for the first time of a national crisis in the shortage of detectives and investigators in many forces. This was leading to excessive workloads, while complex investigations were being led by those who lacked appropriate experience. In one instance, inspectors saw a uniformed officer investigating rape. The report highlighted the extent to which forces were not taking inquiries further because the victim did not support police action. In some areas, more than one in five cases were not investigated fully for this reason and the issue was particularly acute for domestic abuse. The watchdog examined the effectiveness of forces in England and Wales, and said that most provided a largely good service in keeping people safe and preventing crime. Overall, one force was judged to be "outstanding", 28 forces were "good", 13 "require improvement" and one was rated "inadequate". Michael Barton, National Police Chiefs' Council lead for crime operations, noted that the inspection found that most forces were "good overall" but said it was "disappointing" that HMIC also had concerns that some were "falling short". He cited budget reductions and the loss of thousands of officers and staff, adding: "It's a simple reality that we are required to prioritise more. "Difficult decisions are being made between resourcing neighbourhood teams, response units, specialist investigations and digital and cyber enabled crime." Policing minister Brandon Lewis welcomed the report's rating of two-thirds of forces as either good or outstanding, as well as improvements in the response to vulnerable people. "But a number of forces clearly still have more work to do to ensure they are providing the level of service which communities expect and deserve," he said. Mr Lewis said the Government has protected police funding, adding: "There can be no excuse for any force that fails to deliver on its obligations - those identified as inadequate or requiring improvement must take HMIC's findings very seriously and I expect to see rapid improvements." Mr Barton, who is also chief constable of Durham Constabulary, said that pay and conditions need to be looked at as he is "concerned" that there are not got enough detectives. He told Good Morning Britain: "You now get paid more if you are in uniform and working nights than if you are a detective having passed a lot of exams with a lot of responsibility - that is something we are seriously looking at." He also felt that police chiefs will have to make some "tough decisions to prioritise differently over the next 12 months", adding: "Over the last five years, we have lost 22% of our money and 34,000 staff so this is not against a backdrop where we are doubling our workforce. "This is against a backdrop of increasing work, more sophisticated different work, for example cyber crime, and with a significant reduction in staff." HM Inspector Zoe Billingham stopped short of saying the service was in crisis, but warned: "We are leading to a very serious conclusion regarding the potentially perilous state of British policing in this report. "Over the last few years, HMIC has said consistently that police forces were managing well in increasingly difficult circumstances. "Nonetheless, today, I'm raising a red flag to warn forces of the consequences of what is, to all intents and purposes, an unconscious form of rationing of police services." Brian Paddick, Liberal Democrat home affairs spokesman and a former senior police officer, described the findings as "totally unacceptable", adding: "How long will it be before someone dies because there is no police officer to respond?"
This title, not mine, is as Orwellian as it sounds. This is the title of the reddit admin team which patrols all subreddits silently enforcing SJW agendas, as well as hiding the malfeasance of big tech. I can’t help but wonder if it isn’t a coincidence that this position was also created in Ireland, same origin of yesterday’s google exec. Is there something about Dublin which makes doing this easier? Probably not, because you can also apply for the job in San Francisco if you are interested. Its truly a global effort to censor all views not desired by the tech overlords and killary supporters and it will only get worse as they get more xirs on-board. The activity of anti-evil operations in /r/the_donald The Screen-shot above was sent to me by a moderator of /r/the_donald, which was today quarantined just two days after google was exposed and on the day of the first Demoncratic debate. A quarantine throws up a big scare screen when you go there and removes the traffic from being seen in the normal que on your frontpage, and on mobile requires you to be logged in. The storm must be coming soon to be so brazen with such a popular community with perfectly acceptable content. What you are looking at is the moderation log filtered for the admins in /r/the_donald. Whenever a moderation action is done in a sub, it is added to that log, which can only be viewed by moderators. It shows comment removals mostly. While the user, under an alt, didn’t specifically say it was from the_donald, that was the only other place I had submitted the article (and commented) on google’s June update so that is the only place this screen shot could be from. Supporting Donald Trump violates reddit’s content policy After being notified by /r/the_donald mod that reddit actually records this team’s actions, I sure enough was able to discover that was the same group which removed my post. I really can’t believe they didn’t make this completely silent, or that others haven’t brought attention to this earlier. I will note that is the only time this team interfered in my sub, so I would not have been able to notice it before this action. Yesterday, I did a write-up on the separate google expose from project veritas and on how they and other big tech companies are progressively censoring more and more content they dislike. I can only hope reddit gets its expose soon enough, but for now I can just tell you what I have found based on my experience as a mod, which mostly means things discovered by trial and error and a bit of speculation about how exactly it works internally for the site. One of the things I pointed out yesterday was the ban I received for sharing the pinterest expose which hid pro-life sites using a porn filter. During that write-up I also noted and pointed out that in addition to the ban and removal of the comment, my link describing the changes at google to harm small news sites was also removed sometime after the atavisionary account was removed and after the link had already been visible for a time. I remarked that this is relatively new behavior that I had just noticed. I labeled it as hard-banning and indicated that it appeared to be some sort of referral system to the admins that was newly instituted. I have known for a long time about the soft-banning of certain domains like amerika.org and infowars.com which has been in place since at least 2016. Like pinterest, it was probably a re-purposing of the porn spam filter. For soft-banned domains moderators can manually approve the domain and it will appear to users instantly after the approval. Its also possible to set up an automoderator rule which does this automatically, and effectively reverses the site-wide rule. I have a few domains under this, but I only figure which ones need it by trial and error. There are probably many more I don’t know about. Hard-banned sites are completely new to me. I have not seen this behavior before this month and I have been moderating on reddit since 2014. I suspect it is a completely new system put in place and is likely coordinated with other pushes by big tech firms, such as the big update at google early this month which effectively deplatformed many small independent news sites. My working theory and behavior description at this point is that certain domains, including bitchute, are auto-removed. Mods can click the approve button, but it doesn’t go through no matter how many times the mod clicks approve and autmod rules won’t get it through either. Then sometimes about an hour later it actually gets approved and becomes visible to users. I suspect that the attempt of the mod to approve it gets sent to an admin and then they decide whether or not to actually approve it. That would explain the time delay. I tested this a bit with bitchute links. One of my bitchute links was approved this way, but the other link is currently still not visible to anyone other than mods. Probably because I mentioned in the title of one I was testing how the shadowbanning was working. Well, we now know that this is indeed a new system put into place by reddit this year (at latest in May) judging by the previously linked Irish times article. Given the double-speak title of “anti-evil operations” and that they are actively hiring in this area so you can expect it to get a lot worse. Reddit is going to get much, much worse, very quickly. What are these people afraid of? EDIT: Here is another mods concern about this program from months ago: “Anti-Evil Operations”? I currently mod a subreddit for my local community. Although we have a decent amount of mods for the activity of the sub, only two of us are active so I like to keep active watching said activity and keeping an eye on the mod logs. I was very busy the past two days so I only just got a chance to check the recent logs today. Imagine my surprise when I see activity removing a post from neither any of the mods or automod but an entity called “Anti-Evil Operations”… I’m unable to find any information on Reddit itself but a Google search has turned up with the term in apparent job listings Reddit has posted recently. What is this? Why is activity suddenly being taken in subreddits by a person in this new position that circumvents moderators’ decisions to not remove certain posts/comments without prior communication with mods? I completely understand the recent activity by admins handling aggressively inappropriate subreddits with bans and such, but this is hardly that situation. Literally a random comment that doesn’t even rise to the level of some posts I have had to remove from our sub that, after I made the decision to not remove, was over-ruled by some newly hired individual that is now invisibly policing our subreddit. I hate to sound uppity and I’m the first to say Reddit isn’t a democracy and is a privately owned website, but I’m incredibly uncomfortable with this new move that seems to have gone under the radar of every mod that actively works to police their own subs. Any explanation/clarification of what is going on would be great because I can’t seem to find any other information… Please support my work by purchasing a copy of “Smart and Sexy.” The definitive guide on sex differences in intelligence. Who are smarter: Men or women? Find this out and much more in Smart and SeXy. ( paperback and E-book ). Read reviews and excerpts.
Q: convert regex string to regex object in javascript I am getting regex string from json object (yes its dynamic and will be always be string) i want to test this with textbox value. But even if i pass valid input text it does not pass regex condition code : var pattern = "/^[A-Za-z\s]+$/"; var str = "Some Name"; pattern = new RegExp(pattern); if(pattern.test(str)) { alert('valid'); } else { alert('invalid'); } Fiddle :- http://jsfiddle.net/wn9scv3m/ A: Two problems: You need to escape the backslash. You need to remove the forward slashes on the beginning and end of string. Corrected code: var pattern = "^[A-Za-z\\s]+$"; var str = "Some Name"; pattern = new RegExp(pattern); if(pattern.test(str)) { alert('valid'); } else { alert('invalid'); } http://jsfiddle.net/wn9scv3m/3/ A: Use regex-parser: const regexParser = require("regex-parser") regexParser("/^hi$/g") // => /^hi$/g A: This should work for you (jsfiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/wn9scv3m/9/): var pattern = /^[(\w)\|(\s)]+$/; // using / regex constructor... var altPattern = "^[(\w)\|(\s)]+$"; // using quotes and new RegEx() syntax... var regex = new RegExp(altPattern); var str = "Some Name"; if (str.match(pattern) != null && regex.test(str) != null) { // check using both methods alert('valid'); } else { alert('invalid'); }
Cannabis use and progressive cortical thickness loss in areas rich in CB1 receptors during the first five years of schizophrenia. Cerebral grey matter volume reductions are progressive in schizophrenia, with larger grey matter volume decreases associated with cannabis use. It is unknown whether this grey matter loss is globally distributed over the entire brain or more pronounced in specific cortical brain regions. Fifty-one patients with recent-onset schizophrenia and 31 matched healthy subjects were included. For all subjects, magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained at inclusion and at 5-year follow-up. Nineteen patients (ab-)used cannabis but no other illicit drugs; 32 patients and the healthy comparison subjects did not use any drugs during the 5-year follow-up. At follow-up, clinical outcome was measured. To evaluate the local differences in cortical thickness change over five years between the two groups regression analysis was carried out over the cortical surface. At inclusion cortical thickness did not differ between patients and controls and between cannabis-using and non-using patients. Over the follow-up period we found excessive thinning of the right supplementary motor cortex, inferior frontal cortex, superior temporal gyrus, angular gyrus, occipital and parietal lobe in patients relative to controls after controlling for cannabis use. Patients who used cannabis showed additional thinning in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left occipital lobe as compared to those patients that did not use cannabis during the scan interval. First-episode schizophrenia patients who use cannabis show a more pronounced cortical thinning than non-using patients in areas known for their high density of CB1 receptors, such as the ACC and the DLPFC.
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Andrea Zsadon Andrea Zsadon (born 18 October 1946) is a Hungarian soprano and actress active in both opera and operetta. During her career as a singer she performed frequently at the Vienna Volksoper and the . Zsadon was the recipient of the Mari Jászai Prize in 1987 and the Knight's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary in 2008. Zsadon was born in Debrecen and is married to the singer and operetta director . When they both retired from the Budapest Operetta Theatre in 1992, they founded their own operetta ensemble, Operettszínházból. Amongst Zsadon's film and television appearances is Az Élet muzsikája (The Music of Life), a 1984 biographical film about the Hungarian composer Emmerich Kálmán. Repertory Recordings János Vitéz (music by Pongrác Kacsoh, lyrics by Jeno Heltai), Chorus and Orchestra of the Municipal Operetta Theatre, Géza Oberfrank conductor; Qualiton; SLPX 16619 (1980) Zirkusprinzessin (music by Emmerich Kálmán, libretto by Alfred Grünwald and Julius Brammer), chorus and ballet of the Budapest operetta, Katalin Varadi and Pal Ronai, conductors (1991; archival recording ) References External links Category:1946 births Category:Living people Category:Hungarian operatic sopranos
After her company turned down her request for a loan to pay for the hospitalisation for her father who suffered a stroke in Malaysia, Chong Lee Choo, 47, an accountant, forged a cheque for $21,054. -- ST GRAPHIC By Khushwant Singh After her company turned down her request for a loan to pay for the hospitalisation for her father who suffered a stroke in Malaysia, Chong Lee Choo, 47, an accountant, forged a cheque for $21,054. She then withdrew the money, resigned from the company and helped settle her father's bills. This all happened in December 2011. Her father died last year and on Thursday, Chong, a Malaysian national and a permanent resident here, was jailed for four months for committing forgery. She was an accountant for TechKinetics, which distributes technology solutions to sectors such as telecommunications and industrial automation, when she resigned on Dec 15, 2011. Two months later, the company's management discovered that she had forged the cheque. She had put her name down in the cheque as the recipient, wrote Dec 14, 2011, as the date and the sum of $21,054. She then replicated the signature of company director Wong Keng Chong, the sole signatory for TechKinetics' cheques.
Modification of plasmid DNA topology by 'histone-mimetic' gold nanoparticles. Our aim is to explore whether gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with a carboxylated polyethylene glycol (PEG) and protamine (AuNP@PEG@Prot) can modulate - enhance or restrain - DNA condensation, altering DNA conformation and inducing structural changes. Understanding how these nanoconjugates modulate DNA structure, size and shape of DNA condensates, and enable control over the resulting 3D structures is of major biological and therapeutic importance. Citrate-AuNPs were covered with a dense layer of a hetero-functional octa(ethylene glycol) (SH-EG(8)-COOH). Conjugation of protamine to the AuNP@PEG was achieved by taking advantage of the carboxylated surface previously generated on the surface of the NP and the remaining amino groups from the protamine, using carbodiimide and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide coupling reactions. AuNP@PEG@Prot modulates the structure and topology of DNA, not only for condensation, but also for decondensation, via formation of higher quantities of dimers and multimers, when compared with AuNP@PEG and free protamine.
John Hebden John Hebden (1712–1765) was a composer and musician in 18th century Great Britain. Little is known of Hebden's life. He was baptized on 21 July 1712 at Spofforth, near Harrogate in Yorkshire, the son of 'John Hebdin' of Plompton. He was orphaned when young but was fortunate enough to receive an excellent education, including musical tuition. He lived most of his life in York. In 1732, he married Mary Prestland. Their first son, John, born in 1733, survived only a short time. A second son was baptized in 1736, but Mary died shortly afterwards, in 1737. Hebden was left with the responsibility of bringing up his small son and working long hours earning enough to live. When Hebden was dying, he arranged for money to be left in trust for his son, to be released in only small amounts. Around 1742, Hebden moved to London, and when composer Thomas Arne enlarged the orchestra at Vauxhall Gardens in 1745, he became the principal cellist and bassoonist. It is also known that he played in a performance of Messiah directed by George Frideric Handel himself, to raise money for the Foundling Hospital. Hebden was principally an orchestral player and as such his social status and his income would have been low. He might, had he chosen, have supplemented his income considerably by composing popular songs, as did a number of his fellow musicians. Hebden was a professional bassoonist, gamba (viol) player and cellist and, in the 1730s, composed music for a small local professional orchestra containing "all the best Hands in Town." They gave many concerts at the York Assembly Rooms, which were designed by Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington who was a patron to Handel. It appears that Hebden had greater aspirations for his talent and channeled his creativity in a highly disciplined manner into more serious works. Only two were published: Six Solos for German Flute and the Six Concertos for Strings. The latter were probably begun around 1745 and published in about 1749 in an edition of approximately 500. Subscribers included the Earl and Countess of Burlington as well as other aristocracy; a number of academics and organists; taverns such as The Devil and The Globe in Fleet Street where concerts were held; the actor David Garrick (who produced many of Shakespeare's plays at Drury Lane) and some of the other Vauxhall musicians, including Valentine Snow for whom Handel wrote his famous trumpet solos; several composers including Arne and William Boyce (who both worked for Garrick at Drury Lane, composing music for many of his productions), Giovanni Battista Sammartini and Geminiani. Of this edition, only six copies have survived: two in London, one in Brussels and three in the United States. An incomplete set also survives in a private collection at Durham. These six concertos were discovered only fairly recently. In 1980, Ruzena Wood, then repertoire consultant for the group Cantilena, had become interested in Hebden after studying his First Sonata for Flute and Keyboard. She began searching to find if he had written any music for strings. Finally, she discovered in the library of the British Museum, the six forgotten concertos which had lain unplayed for 200 years. Hebden's Concertos are in the baroque style, and in them he adheres to the 18th century convention of writing happy music in sharp keys and sad music in flat keys. They are most influenced by the Italian composer and violinist, Geminiani, a follower of Arcangelo Corelli, who came to England in 1714 and from whom Thomas Arne may have had violin lessons. The concertos are in seven parts, written for four violins, viola, 'cello and harpsichord. Two (No. 2 in C major and No. 3 in C minor) have three movements (allegro-largo-allegro) and the others are in four movements (an opening adagio followed by alternating fast and slow movements). The fast movements are characterized by lively dance rhythms: while these are Italian in texture, they distinctly echo the English country dances with which Hebden would have been familiar with from his days in Yorkshire. His only surviving works are the 6 concertos for strings (Op. 2): No. 1 in A Major No. 2 in C Major No. 3 in E minor No. 4 in E Flat No. 5 in C minor No. 6 in D minor and his 6 solos for flute and harpsichord. References Category:1712 births Category:1765 deaths Category:English classical composers Category:English Baroque composers Category:British classical bassoonists Category:18th-century classical composers Category:18th-century male musicians Category:English male classical composers Category:People from the Borough of Harrogate
YES -----Original Message----- From: Cappelletto, Nella Sent: Thursday, October 04, 2001 10:03 AM To: Zufferli, John; Lambie, Chris Cc: Milnthorp, Rob Subject: MEETING WITH ROB MILNTHORP - Wholesale Offer to Retail Importance: High John and Chris, Rob would like to meet with you both to further discuss the issues relating to ECC's wholesale offer to Enron Direct. I have scheduled this meeting on Tuesday, October 9th at 2:00 pm in Rob's office. Does this date and time work for you both? Regards, Nella -----Original Message----- From: Milnthorp, Rob Sent: Wednesday, October 03, 2001 10:11 AM To: Zufferli, John; Lambie, Chris Subject: Wholesale Offer to Retail Guys - I understand that you met with Cross et al to discuss wholesale offers to retail. My original position on the matter has not changed. That is, the wholesale desks need to show a wholesale offer to retail. In other words, the offer shown to our retail affiliate, at a minimum, should equal the offer that would be shown in our wholesale business (either through EOL, brokers or the offer given to originators for wholesale customer deals). There has been a great deal of discussion with respect to the margins retail is adding to the wholesale offer. From a wholesale perspective, this is irrelevant. The retail business requires large margins due to its nature - small vol, high credit, commission, call centre, invoicing, etc. The retail margin only becomes relevant if prices need to be tighter. In those particular cases, both parties need to work together to make sure that our price is ultimately competitive. This may involve one or both parties reducing their imbedded margins and/or offer. I am looking to the two of you to help build the retail business. Your leadership and assistance are crititcal to the success of the retail initiative. Without your cooperation, the business is dead. You are both in a position of power to make or break the retail business in Canada. It is very clear that EES Houston is relying heavily on Lavo and his folks to push forward the retail business in the US - it seems to be working. We need to ensure that we are doing the same. I can guarantee you that your efforts will not go unnoticed. I understand that sharing the margin was discussed as an option. This option will not work. From an external perspective, it is imperative that Enron demonstrate its retail capabilities as well as retail earnings. If a portion of retail margin remains in wholesale, it does nothing for expanding the stock multiple. I am convinced that the key lever to expanding our stock multiple lies with retail and therefore retail earnings. If you have any questions or concerns, I would be happy to discuss this further - at the end of the day, it is imperative that we are all on the same page. Regards Rob
Plant Bulbs in Winter for Summer Guest Author - Jessica Carson If you live in a cold climate, winter is not the time you normally think of for planting. But for your summer blooming bulbs, now is the perfect time to plant your bulb container garden. You can keep the planted containers cool in a garage or basement and get an early start on your bulb garden. Tuberous Begonia These range from upright plants with large (6 or larger) blooms to hanging plants covered with 2 to 3 flowers. Colors range from white to yellow, peach, orange, pink, and red, and flower shapes are from simple single blooms to large frilly, doubles, and tight centers with looser outer petals. Plant 1 to 2 below soil level, one to a smaller container (6 to 8) or two or more in a large container. Locate pot to a shady location once weather warms. Plant prefers humidity or regular misting. Caladium bicolor These have beautiful foliage with green leaves splotched with white, pink or red. Grow 2 to 4 foot tall, so they make a great backdrop for your container garden. Require shade and frequent watering during the summer. Plant 2 deep in a 5 or larger container. Canna Draft varieties grow from 1 ½ to 3 feet tall, others 6 feet tall or more. Plant tall varieties in a heavy container so they will not tip over when plants reach full height. Place bulbs 5 deep and 10 apart, grouped in large containers. Prefer full sun. Crocosmia These are related to freesia and sparaxis. Long, narrow leaves with small flowers in yellow, orange and red. Most range between 2 and 4 feet in height. Plant corms 1 to 2 deep. Locate in sun to partial shade once danger of frost has past. Cyclamen (florist's type) These will grow in partial shade to full sun, may lose their leaves and go dormant in hot sun, so plan accordingly. Pretty, heart-shaped leaves with backwards-petaled flowers arching above on long stems. Flowers range from white to pale pink, crimson, purple, and red. Plant at soil surface with top of tuber showing. Dahlia Dahlias come in many shapes and sizes. Large, dinner-plate dahlias can be 5' tall or more, miniatures form pretty masses of foliage topped with flowers, 8 to 12 tall. Plant large varieties 3 deep halfway up in a large pot, then fill with more soil as the plants grow. Miniatures can be started from seed or grown from small tubers left over from the previous year. Plant tuber with top 1 below soil level. Gladiolus Tall 3' to 5' stems of blooms will probably need to be staked, plant in a large, heavy container to avoid tipping over when plants are in bloom. Plant corms 3 to 4 deep. Available in a wide variety of colors and flower shapes mix colors in each container, or plant a group of all one color in each container for dramatic effect. Homeria collina These pretty yellow, golden or orange flowers do well in sun, but prefer partial shade in very hot areas. Leaves are grass-like, followed by 1 ½' stems with 2-3_ blooms. Plant corms 1 deep. Will multiply easily, so divide corms every 1-2 years. Hymenocallis These unusual flowers range from white to yellow, some with green stripes. Clumps of narrow flat leaves followed by a central bloom stem 2' tall with several fragrant flowers. Blooms resemble daffodils surrounded by six long, spidery petals. Plant bulb with tips 1 deep in a 5 or larger container. Oriental lily Large 6 to 9 very fragrant flowers in whites, pinks and reds. Most are tall (2' to 3' or more) though there are several dwarf varieties. Plant one bulb about 1 deep in a 5-6 pot, or for more dramatic effect, plant 5 to 7 bulbs in a 16 container. Mexican Shell Flower (Tigridia pavonia) 3 to 6 flowers with 3 large outer petals and 3 smaller inner petals. Colors can be white, pink, yellow, orange and red, some spotted or splotched. Leaves are 1' to 1 ½' long, ad narrow, with ribs. Plant bulbs 2 to 4 deep, 4 to 8 apart in a large container, or cluster 6 or 7 bulbs in a 9 container. Prefers sun, with afternoon shade in hot areas. Calla (Zantedeschia) Set rhizomes 2 deep in a 6 or larger container. Available in a wide range of colors, with new, some very striking, varieties coming out each year. Most are short, 1' to 2' tall at most. Zephyr flower (Zephyranthes) Also known as the Fairy Lily, these prefer full sun. They also prefer periods of dry between waterings. Flowers are white, yellow or pink. Plant 1 to 2 deep, 3 apart, or cluster 3-5 bulbs in a 6 or larger container.
On Thursday night, Lifetime premiered its new docuseries Surviving R. Kelly, a deep dive into the past 25 years’ worth of accusations of sexual abuse against R. Kelly. The series offers accounts from multiple accusers and members of Kelly’s inner circle — but only one major music star joins in to speak out against Kelly: John Legend. Executive producer dream hampton says she reached out to multiple stars when she was making the series, to no avail. “I asked Jay-Z, I asked Mary J. Blige, I asked Lil Kim, Erykah Badu, Dave Chappelle…” she told the website Shadow and Act. “I mean, most people just don’t want to touch it. I remember Ahmir [“Questlove” Thompson] was like, ‘I would do anything for you but I can’t do this.’ It’s not because they support him, it’s because it’s so messy and muddy. It’s that turning away that has allowed this to go on.” Hampton says that Legend, who has previously tweeted his support for the #MuteRKelly movement, “was the only one” of the major music stars she approached who agreed to participate in the series. (Chance the Rapper also appears, to express regret over his decision to work with Kelly.) “Time’s up for R. Kelly,” Legend says in Surviving R. Kelly, adding that the star “has brought so much pain to so many people.” On Twitter, Legend said that the decision to appear in the series “didn’t feel risky at all,” writing, “I believe these women and don’t give a fuck about protecting a serial child rapist. Easy decision.” Kelly has declined to comment on the allegations made against him in Surviving R. Kelly, but his lawyer has threatened to sue Lifetime over the series. You can read a full list of all of the allegations made against Kelly on Vox.
The Decline of Sears - zatkin http://michael-roberto.blogspot.com/2016/02/the-decline-of-sears.html ====== aczerepinski When Lampert took over Sears there were so many articles drawing a parallel to Buffett taking over Berkshire way back in the day. Both were successful hedge fund managers who took control of a declining business. Ostensibly, Lampert was going to leverage Sears' assets (mostly the real estate) to develop a Berkshire-esque portfolio of strong companies. He started off in that direction, buying Lands End and making a bid for Restoration Hardware. I recall an interview or press release laying out a vision for Sears as a "store of stores" that showcased iconic American brands - Kenmore, Diehard, Lands End, etc. Somewhere along the line that dream died, and the cash flow was used mostly just to repurchase shares while letting the stores Languish. A bunch of concepts were tried in a handful of stores, but none promised an attractive ROI so they were dropped. Bruce Berkowitz is another investor that used to get compared to Buffett an awful lot, and tied his fate to the Sears project. He's still buying more shares and saying he sees value there. I don't really have a point other to say that investing is hard, and identifying talented value investors who will outperform in the future is even harder. Whether this was a dumb idea all along, or a poorly executed good idea is tough to say. ~~~ MrTonyD I used to buy all my clothes from Land's End - easy, convenient, and "good enough" quality. After the Sears acquisition Land's End went from occasionally "iffy" to rarely satisfactory. Everything became the cheapest, thinnest, and most poorly fitting. At the same time, Sears went from having the wrong products to having poor quality products (like the Land's End they started carrying.) The "dumb idea" vs. "poorly executed" is easy for me to decide -- I'd say both. ~~~ ghaff I generally agree. At best, my personal impression is that Lands' End isn't as good as it used to be. (Note that Lands'End isn't actually part of Sears any longer although there are still Lands' End stores within Sears stores.) Having said that, Lands' End's drop in quality came during the same period that so much manufacturing was moving to Asia. I suspect that whatever corners Lands' End started cutting were the same corners that most of the other brands it competes with were cutting as well. And this may well have happened with or without the Sears acquisition. ~~~ MrTonyD I read the book by the Patagonia founder, Yvon Chouinard, where he described how they had to send people to their manufacturers to be involved with quality, and how even then they would get bad batches and be forced to dump the clothes at a big loss and switch manufacturers. So it can be done - but perhaps that isn't what would be suggest by Ayn Rand. It isn't selfish enough. ~~~ bch If that's from "Let My People Go Surfing"[0], it's a light-weight (easy reading) book with what seem to be some pretty profound simple business observations and accounts of how Patagonia made decisions. I certainly enjoyed the book, but I think I don't have a deep enough business acumen to say whether or not the book is realistic for more than just Patagonia. [0] [http://www.patagonia.com/ca/product/let-my-people-go- surfing...](http://www.patagonia.com/ca/product/let-my-people-go-surfing- paperback-book?p=BK501-0) Edit: linked ~~~ manyxcxi But if it worked for Patagonia, that operates in a pretty old industry, shouldn't there be at least a number of take aways that would apply to many or most industries? I've not read the book yet, so it's not a rhetorical question. Living in the Pacific Northwest Patagonia and their company story and ethos are known to just about everyone who's ventured into the outdoors. ~~~ ghaff I'm not sure how relevant lesson from Patagonia are to a more mass market retailer. I like my Patagonia gear. I also bought most of it at outlets where it's merely expensive. It's certainly a high-end retailer. Making similar tradeoffs at a Sears or, as was recently the case, JC Penney's don't necessarily work. ------ Asparagirl This long MetaFilter comment from 2007 is my all-time favorite explanation about what Sears had, and what they could have become, and how they let it all slip away: [http://www.metafilter.com/62394/The-Record-Industrys- Decline...](http://www.metafilter.com/62394/The-Record-Industrys- Decline#1742245) The catalog. Allstate Insurance. Coldwell Banker. Dean Witter. Prodigy! The Discover Card. The goodwill, the name recognition, the money back guarantee. All gone now. ~~~ marshray That was an amazing read. "In 1993, Sears had the most extensive and sophisticated mail-order retail operation on the planet and they closed it. Two years later, Amazon.com launched" That's got to go down in history. ~~~ gregpilling I have long wondered why they didn't do the 'same day delivery' thing once Amazon showed that people would pay for it. With all their locations and space, they have inventory near most of the population. Add some uber- contractors and voila! ,, well they could have tried it anyway. ------ douche I have to be careful buying tools from Sears now (which is really the only reason I go in there), because they've started selling cheap knock-off stuff under the Craftsman label, that isn't up to the old quality standards and doesn't have the Craftsman lifetime warranty on it. I think the worst was a socket set I picked up, where the chrome was literally coming off in flakes after a couple months. ~~~ blt All Craftsman hand tools are all made in China now. My metric Craftsman wrenches are made in China and my SAE ones are made in the USA. The difference in quality is obvious. Not saying that Made In China == Low Quality, but in the case of Craftsman tools it's true. Plus it makes their "lifetime warranty" feel like a load of BS when the replacement for anything more than 10 years old is going to be vastly inferior to the original. The middle market of hand tools has been gutted. If you're not buying top-of- the line stuff like Snap-On, Knipex, etc. you might as well just shop at Harbor Freight and save some money. ~~~ pbreit Considering that Apple and others are able to get extremely high quality manufacturing out of China, it's a shame this isn't more widespread. I guess consumers don't really expect much better. ~~~ solipsism Apple products are assembled in China. Manufacturing comes from all over the world. ------ itodd I recently built a kitchen and made the huge mistake if buying appliances from Sears. I am in awe of how badly this company performed. First delivery attempt, they called the night before to give me a window. Delivery driver called me to make sure I will be home and that he would be there in 30 minutes. They never showed up. After calling I learned the products were not in stock. They did the exact same thing on the second delivery attempt. Third delivery attempt they deliver a damaged fridge. Fourth attempt, they opened the truck and they did not strap down the fridge. Parts everywhere. Fifth, they got it right. Normally I would have cancelled the order but the experience became a curiosity. How badly could a company mess up? Turns out, a lot. ~~~ cgriswald I ordered my daughter's new bed from a different store with white glove service. First attempt. Driver claimed no one was home. I was doing home renovation. My contractor was there, with no less than 10 other people doing work. The front door was even open at the time as two people were working on and around it. Contractor knew to expect delivery. Second attempt (weeks later). They delivered some parts of a bed, did not assemble what parts were there. Repeatedly gave different stories about where the parts were. They made many claims about where the parts were, none of which seem to be true and some of which conflicted with each other. Third attempt (more weeks after countless phone calls). Driver claimed he could not make it up hill to house. Left. Argument with customer service. Driver returned. They delivered one more part. Did not assemble anything. Fourth attempt (months after original delivery date). Finally delivered the final piece. Moved mattress and box spring to hallway. Assembled bed. Left. Didn't bother to put boxspring and mattress back. (I checked their assembly work, which was fine.) Since then I've gotten multiple phone calls from them telling me the bed is now ready for shipment. I'm amazed they're even still in business. ~~~ randycupertino > First attempt. Driver claimed no one was home. Home Depot does this to me a lot. I think it's because the drivers are lazy and don't feel like getting out to attempt the actual delivery. ~~~ zippergz The drivers get marked down for being too far behind schedule, but the company also schedules more stops than can realistically be done in the time frame. So it's not terribly surprising that they're incentivized to cheat in this way, and gain back some time in their schedule... ------ fixxer They just picked up a guy from Amazon and are building their data science team. Should be interesting to read the same article next year. Edit: I think this is going to have zero impact on their biz. I got a recruiter solicitation earlier this week and started laughing. Additionally, "PhD is a firm requirement." ~~~ MrTonyD I do consulting - and I spent some time with the Sears data science team. Don't get your hopes up. A broken culture is hard to change. They seemed pretty "downtrodden". (I should add that they were all good people. I would work with any of them again.) ~~~ gogopuppygogo I know a few people on the management team. It's basically a sinking ship with no one trying anymore. They'd do better spinning the brand into it's own entity under a licensing agreement with a competent ecommerce company like Newegg. In fact that should probably be their strategy if they want to survive. One entity for the real estate, one for the brick and mortar then another for online commerce. Then have Newegg acquire the majority share of their ecommerce business and rebrand as Sears. It'd be like lightning growth hit them since the Newegg guys know what they are doing in online commerce. But that'd never happen. ------ janesvilleseo One item that always struck me as something these large retailers should do to leverage their physical locations is to provide same/next day delivery. With the ability to pick up the item in store same day when ordering it online what stops them from delivering it. It would require a large investment in delivery vehicles and drivers, but some of these stores have some of that already. Sears has it because they deliver appliances and Best Buy with their Geek Squad technicians. Some businesses do this for other businesses. Staples, Napa, OfficeMax, etc. Why not extend this to the consumer. I would venture to guess they feel that there is no ROI. But if people are not going in the store, give them a reason to buy from you anyways. ~~~ hapless Staples is primarily a delivery business. The stores exist to drive and sell the B2B services. They don't deliver to consumers because consumers don't need enough office supplies to make it worthwhile. ~~~ janesvilleseo True, but they have the infrastructure built, what stops them from extending it to consumers? ~~~ zyxley Presumably because it would cost more to pay the delivery drivers for small orders than they would gain in profit from the orders. ------ rmason I believe that for at least ten years there has been a clear path forward for Sears. It's just that management refuses to follow it. The way forward is for Sears to move completely over to franchising. I remember working in a small town in West Michigan fifteen years ago when a local opened a Sears franchise store, it carried a small subset of what a regular Sears store carried kind of a greatest hits. I was certain that it would be a complete failure. I didn't know anyone who shopped at Sears and the brand would be a drag on the new business. I was totally wrong the new store was a huge hit! I got to know the manager and there are a couple hundred of these stores and the overwhelming majority succeed. Sears is sitting on a lot of valuable real estate that they could sell if the big stores were sold. Franchise stores would popup in the communities that would support them. Just because there aren't any franchise stores in big cities doesn't necessarily mean they wouldn't succeed. Apparently the big brand still has some pull, but the overhead of the big store pulls it down. The key is local owners who are free to stock Sears brands or chose other merchandise, people who understand their communities and can provide great service. ------ pitaa I used to work for a company that sold the majority of their product to sears. As the only one in the company that actually knew anything about technology, it was my job to make sure our products and company information were set up and up to date in sears' systems. Their systems consisted of multiple online management portals where you'd supply everything from product weight and size to your fax number to how you wanted to get paid, and appeared to have not been updated since 1998 or so. One wouldn't work at all unless you were using Internet Explorer 6. Updating product info required changing it in multiple places as well as emailing them a spreadsheet with the exact same info. ~4 years ago they announced that they had partnered with some SaaS provider do modernize their systems. It required re uploading all your product data, but I was excited to finally get rid of IE 6. That is until I discovered that they couldn't bare to replace their legacy systems, and the new one was just a flashy way to manage an arbitrary subset of your product data, but other changes still require using the old system. ~~~ kevan I worked in a Sears store from 2008-2010, somewhere around 2009 I think our store got upgraded from a literal mainframe terminal to a virtualized mainframe terminal for inventory management. The box managing the registers ran OS/2 Warp. ------ kevin_thibedeau My town has a K-mart that I refuse to go to because the customer experience is so pitiful and the checkout process is glacially slow. There is no nearby competition from Target or Wal-Mart. They could own retail in this area but instead they hold up lines of customers with the stupid POS systems that are set up to print out 4 feet of receipts causing the printers to constantly run out of paper. ~~~ JoeAltmaier I saw a piece on WalMart when they were new. Customer service was their mantra. Showed a manager from a WalMart visiting a K-Mart with the journalist. Pointing out the dirt, the broken racks, the tiny number of checkout stations, the idle listless employees. Said something like "Its not hard to do better". ~~~ thekevan Customer service is non existent in a majority of the WalMarts I have frequented. Tangentially, a social worker friend of mine says she supports and shops at WalMart because WalMart employs the otherwise unemployable. ~~~ blisterpeanuts Curiously, I have had the opposite experience at Walmarts around the country. I've almost always found help when I needed it, the employees seemed reasonably competent and none of these "unemployable losers" that I keep hearing about on social media. To the extent that retail is still a profession, anyway. A couple of generations back, retail was a high standards industry with highly trained staff and high expectations among the customers. ~~~ nommm-nommm On Friday I went to Walmart to pick up a site to store online order. Well, lets start with the fact they told me it would be there by Monday (I ordered it on Sat). I went to the site to store counter which was in the back. There was shelves behind the counter that were empty (shouldn't those shelves contain site to store orders for easy access?). Pressed the "call employee" button. Sat down and waited, waited, waited. Some employee on their way to the bathroom asked me if I needed assistance, "I pressed the button." He radioed in that he needed someone at site to store. Nobody. So he went to go get the person. They come back eventually guy says "sorry about the wait I was helping another customer at the front of the store." Apparently only one employee is capable of operating site to store. He looks up my order says "this may take a minute to find." and goes to the back. 10 minutes later (no exaggeration) he comes back and says "this will take a little longer." Someone else comes to site to store and presses the button. Same guy comes out and says hes looking for my order so he'll be with them in a while. Once again... apparently only one person can operate site to store and if they are busy oh well. Another employee walks by and asks if we need help. Other person was like "I haven't been helped, he's looking for this other persons order." She goes to the back to get him (apparently she can't operate site to store either). She comes out and says hes moving boxes because someone buried my order behind boxes and that's all she knows. Guy comes back out eventually with my order. Checks me out and he doesn't have a pen for me to sign that I got my order. I just took one out of my pocket, signed the paper, and gave him the pen (it was a free pen). Took at least 30 minutes altogether. I don't get it. The whole point of site to store is for convenience but they seem to make it as inconvenient as possible. ~~~ blisterpeanuts Did they email you that your order was in, or did you just go on the basis of an estimated arrival date? It sounds as though checking for an online order is not one of Walmart's core strengths. I would imagine there's a system that they use: order arrives, gets processed in the inventory system, gets placed in a particular spot at customer service order pick-ups, customer is notified. If you came in before that process is complete you probably caught them unawares. It does sound needlessly awkward, though. ~~~ nommm-nommm No. They emailed me 4 hours before I went there. If I went there based on the estimated time I would have been 4 days early. It obviously didn't "get placed in a particular spot at customer service order pick-ups." It was in the normal stockroom treated like normal stock - which means people don't pay attention to quick and easy access and stuff gets piled on top. They have shelves in the site to store area behind the desk. Said shelves are completely empty. It does make sense that they don't want people taking stuff off the site to store shelves so they keep them in the back. Even though the shelves are behind the desk the desk is unattended except whe someone presses the button. My experience is not unusual at all for Walmart site to store, if you look online you'll see plenty of similar stories. ------ blisterpeanuts Sears has good automotive repair services, decent large appliances, and a competent line of tools and car parts. Their other consumer goods such as clothing, sporting goods, shoes, and electronics seem somehow lacking. There is a disconnect somewhere. Once, while I was browsing at the local Sears, an employee sourly commented, "We sell fishing rods but no hooks." The prices are high compared to the other big box retailers, let alone Amazon. Their website lacks the rich shopping experience of Amazon. Speaking of hooks, there is nothing to draw customers into the store, no focus, no reason to go in and browse. It's a dull, utilitarian experience. Sears is big, has excellent brand recognition, and still occupies a lot of prime commercial real estate. What they seem to be lacking is a refreshed product line, cutthroat pricing, and the brilliant marketing and advertising that is needed to draw in business. ~~~ taloft The reason I go into Sears is they have the most open parking spots at the mall. Everywhere else is packed. ~~~ Animats Yes. That led to one of the more pathetic ads in the history of retail - "There's always parking at Sears".[1] [1] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLmu98-wkmk](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLmu98-wkmk) ------ hristov The decline of sears is an interesting subject, but this particular blog post is just blogspam. Better to link to the actual article this blogspam post is inspired by: [http://www.forbes.com/sites/adamhartung/2016/02/11/the-5-way...](http://www.forbes.com/sites/adamhartung/2016/02/11/the-5-ways- ed-lampert-destroyed-sears/#3e432adb41de) ------ bruceb What comes to mind for different retailers: Wal-Mart: Cheap Target: Not as cheap but Sorta hip and clean Nordstrom: Excellent customer service Forever 21: Fashionable and cheap Sears: Not sure?? JC Pennys: Kinda like Sears but at least we are trying The thing is Sears has been like this for so long. How did they at least not try? ~~~ quicklyfrozen Sears: Best place to park if mall is busy :-) ------ protomyth There is something seriously wrong with a chain that had "catalog store" in its soul not being able to adapt to the web. Worse, some of the "Sears" stores in rural areas are actually just using the name under license. They are not doing the parent company any good. ~~~ nickhalfasleep This is the heart of it. In 1993 they cancelled their "catalog", which was the amazon.com of it's day. If they had had the foresight they would have put that online. Same interstate tax savings, same larger selection. I once worked for an online savings / coupon site that had been a catalog ordering company and transitioned the right way (ShopAtHome.com) from a printed catalog business in the early 90's, and had great respect for the founder's insight in doing so. ~~~ mark-r The interstate tax savings only works if you have no physical presence in a state. Since Sears was everywhere, it wasn't a possibility for them. Amazon got so much flak for taking advantage of this, they finally decided it was easier to open warehouses everywhere and charge the taxes. But that opened up the possibility of same day delivery. ------ jimhefferon They are _much_ more interested in selling you credit than in what they are in business for. ~~~ PhantomGremlin I know someone who works as a cashier at Sears. She gets $2 for signing up someone for in-house credit, $4 for a real credit card. And she gets yelled at if she doesn't meet her quota (one signup for every $500 in sales). I think it's an idiotic policy from the point of view of a customer who doesn't want a credit card. Because it slows down the line, all this promotion and paperwork is being done at the cash register. ------ headgasket Funny, just bought a Samsung range there, delivered for free yesterday, best price in town for this unit. A few automated delivery date confirmation calls too many, otherwise great experience. I hope the Koreans have a higher standard then Kitchenaid/whirlpool, I've had 3 bad experiences in a row. ~~~ Pxtl Yeah, it's gotten to the point that Samsung is the only appliance brand I really trust anymore since all the old American brands have copied HP's business model: strip-mining your one competitive advantage - your respected name - into a crater. ------ analognoise I HATE SEARS. Sorry, let me start off with a story: So my wife and I are looking to replace a Queen size bed with a King size one - we find the one we want at Sears online, cool, place an order. Checkout, put in info, order done. Get notification email, I had put in one of the other mattresses we had been looking at (like an idiot) - ok, no problem I think, I JUST made the order, I will cancel it and get the one that we had wanted. I call the customer service line. "We can't cancel it, it's already with the shipping department." Ok, I don't care - tell them it's cancelled, so I can order the right one? "I'm sorry, I can't do that." Alright, let's do the "Connect me to your supervisor" dance! Get to the "next level" supervisor; this person says, "I can't cancel the order, it's already on the truck." ...You put an order on a truck within 15 minutes of me clicking the button that isn't set to be shipped for two weeks? Is your warehouse made of trucks? "Ok, take it off the truck." I say, convinced I had just solved the problem. "I can't do that. You'll have to receive it, and then return the mattress." "...You mean I'll have to wait two weeks, for you to ship me a mattress I don't want, just so I can return it? That doesn't make any sense." ON TO THE NEXT LEVEL OF SUPERVISOR! By now, what should have been a friendly 30 second call that would replace one order with another one, is 45 minutes of me being increasingly confused and pissed off, but it becomes clear after the third person comes on the line. "Sorry to hear that you want to cancel the order, sir. Could we convince you to take the order, and accept a discount?" WHAT THE FUCK, FOR THE WRONG MATTRESS? Then it hits me - they were giving me the run around, specifically to keep that 'sale' in their system, at almost any cost to them. "NO, cancel the order IMMEDIATELY, and I won't sign for it if you make the mistake of shipping it here!" This _finally_ convinces them to cancel the order. What a waste of an hour! As an upshot, I am so pissed off at this point that I decide not only to not order the right item from Sears, but never to buy anything there _ever again_ , and to inform everyone I had ever met that Sears is terrible and to advise them never to shop there, ever. So now that Sears has come up, I'm going to do the same thing I promised to do then: Don't ever shop at Sears, ever - if there is a damn hurricane and it's the only place with sandbags, I still wouldn't trust them. I know HN is more meta/intellectual and not a personal anecdote kind of place, and I'd keep to that rule, but the fury came over me when I saw Sears, and I couldn't help myself. ------ thekevan This article doesn't address the fact that Sears was once a standard. However they didn't change as the younger generations came on. I don't know as their customers are switching to a competitor as much as they are just dying. ~~~ mark-r Sure they changed - just not for the better. If they'd simply stayed the same as they were 25 years ago, they wouldn't necessarily be thriving, but they'd be in much better shape than they are today. ~~~ Pxtl Exactly. Their failed attempts to modernize have chased off their old customers, whereas their otherwise glacial pace hasnt attracted any new ones. ------ joezydeco Any mention of the fall of Sears under Eddie Lampert should not omit Lampert's vision of running the company under Ayn Rand's Objectivist principles, and how that completely failed: [http://www.salon.com/2013/12/10/ayn_rand_loving_ceo_destroys...](http://www.salon.com/2013/12/10/ayn_rand_loving_ceo_destroys_his_empire_partner/) [http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2013-07-11/at-sears- edd...](http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2013-07-11/at-sears-eddie- lamperts-warring-divisions-model-adds-to-the-troubles) ~~~ briandear This in itself doesn't discredit Rand, it just discredits his execution of Rand. A physicist that fails even though he believes in Quantum Theory doesn't mean Quantum Theory is necessarily wrong. The Salon article is rather biased and doesn't actually analyze the specific failure points as it relates to Rand. Selling Rolexes in Sears isn't Randian -- it's just a bad business decision. The dude's personality also isn't necessarily Randian either and it would seem that was a major contributor to his failures. There are plenty of Christian business successes and failures -- and they rarely have anything to do with Christianity. Did he actually follow Rand? Selling a $4000 Rolex in Sears has nothing to do with Rand. The Salon article even states "discredited free market.." Is that so? I'm not sure many reputable microeconomists would say the free market is discredited any more than the law of supply and demand is discredited. There are distortions that happen surely, but that doesn't 'discredit' anything. Has Adam Smith been discredited? We could more easily say that Marxism has been discredited based on the fact that nearly every Marxist economy has failed while plenty of free market economies have succeeded. This failure has zero to do with Rand and everything to do with the personal failings of this CEO. ~~~ bickfordb Are there any examples of a company successfully run with Ayn Rand's principles? ~~~ goodside It's ironic this isn't used more often to judge Objectivism's merits, though it's a bit disingenuous since it's prudent for most businesses to avoid having any polarizing opinions. E.g. Roark Capital, the owner of Cinnabon and Arby's that's named after Rand protagonist Howard Roark, doesn't seem to officially advocate the philosophy. BB&T under John Allison is the only one I can find that's indisputably both successful and guided by Objectivism -- $24B market cap, $188B assets, senior management required to read Ayn Rand, they donate to promote Objectivism in colleges, etc. ~~~ GFK_of_xmaspast > they donate to promote Objectivism in colleges That doesn't sound very objectivist to me. ------ PaulHoule For decades it has been a poster child for mismanagement. I took my Tv-b-gone to a business school and zapped the TVs that had CNBC and stuff like that and they turned them back on in an hour and the next time I used it they put tape on the IR sensors. I zapped the TVs at sears and they were still off a year later. Sears is the only entity that has denied me credit. (Doesn't stop them from asking me to apply. For years I was a fan of sears auto center because the cashier would sometimes give me 4 tires for the price of one and they were the kind of lovable gearheads that always had the manager's camaro. They went on of business and an mma training center moved in and I don't get it because this is the only state where mma is banned... ~~~ AI_Overlord Four tires for the price of one... Should not be hard to find out why they went out of business.
Q: Multi RSI legend overlap in quantmod, how to split them My problem is legends overlapped, how to solved it? Because the first RSI value over the second legend Name. Thanks. library(quantmod) getSymbols("AAPL") chartSeries(AAPL,subset='last 6 months') myRSI <- newTA(RSI, Cl , legend.name='RSI', on = NA , col = 'brown') myRSI(8, on = NA, maType = 'EMA', col = 'red') myRSI(13, on = 3, maType = 'EMA', col = 'blue') A: The legend seems to be slightly different when on=NA, so a kludgey work-around is to call the first myRSI with on=NA and legend="" before calling the two you actually want: R> chartSeries(AAPL,subset='last 6 months') R> myRSI(8, on = NA, maType = 'EMA', col = 'red', legend='') R> myRSI(8, on = 3, maType = 'EMA', col = 'red', legend='auto') R> myRSI(13, on = 3, maType = 'EMA', col = 'blue', legend='auto')
# #-#-#-#-# wesnoth-editor.cpp1.po (Battle for Wesnoth VERSION) #-#-#-#-# # Tagalog translations for Battle for Wesnoth package. # Copyright (C) 2006 Wesnoth development team # This file is distributed under the same license as the Battle for Wesnoth package. # Automatically generated, 2006. # msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Battle for Wesnoth 1.1.2+dev\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: https://bugs.wesnoth.org/\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-08-08 05:30-0400\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2006-05-08 07:52-0000\n" "Last-Translator: Joset Anthony Zamora <eradicus_kee@yahoo.ca>\n" "Language-Team: none\n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. [brush]: id=brush-1 #: data/core/editor/brushes.cfg:6 msgid "Single Hex" msgstr "" #. [brush]: id=brush-2 #: data/core/editor/brushes.cfg:16 msgid "Radius 1 Hex" msgstr "" #. [brush]: id=brush-3 #: data/core/editor/brushes.cfg:26 msgid "Radius 2 Hex" msgstr "" #. [brush]: id=brush-nw-se #: data/core/editor/brushes.cfg:47 msgid "Hex Line NW-SE" msgstr "" #. [brush]: id=brush-sw-ne #: data/core/editor/brushes.cfg:63 msgid "Hex Line SW-NE" msgstr "" #. [editor_group]: id=all #: data/core/editor/terrain-groups.cfg:11 msgid "all" msgstr "" #. [editor_group]: id=water #: data/core/editor/terrain-groups.cfg:17 msgid "water" msgstr "" #. [editor_group]: id=flat #: data/core/editor/terrain-groups.cfg:24 msgid "flat" msgstr "" #. [editor_group]: id=desert #: data/core/editor/terrain-groups.cfg:31 msgid "desert" msgstr "" #. [editor_group]: id=embellishments #: data/core/editor/terrain-groups.cfg:38 msgid "embellishments" msgstr "" #. [editor_group]: id=forest #: data/core/editor/terrain-groups.cfg:45 msgid "forest" msgstr "" #. [editor_group]: id=fall #: data/core/editor/terrain-groups.cfg:52 msgid "fall" msgstr "" #. [editor_group]: id=frozen #: data/core/editor/terrain-groups.cfg:59 msgid "frozen" msgstr "" #. [editor_group]: id=rough #: data/core/editor/terrain-groups.cfg:66 msgid "rough" msgstr "" #. [editor_group]: id=cave #: data/core/editor/terrain-groups.cfg:73 msgid "cave" msgstr "" #. [editor_group]: id=obstacle #: data/core/editor/terrain-groups.cfg:80 msgid "obstacle" msgstr "" #. [editor_group]: id=village #: data/core/editor/terrain-groups.cfg:87 msgid "village" msgstr "" #. [editor_group]: id=castle #: data/core/editor/terrain-groups.cfg:94 msgid "castle" msgstr "" #. [editor_group]: id=bridge #: data/core/editor/terrain-groups.cfg:101 msgid "bridge" msgstr "" #. [editor_group]: id=special #: data/core/editor/terrain-groups.cfg:108 msgid "special" msgstr "" #. [editor_times]: id=empty #. Describes a scenario in the editor that has not set a time of day schedule #: data/core/editor/time-of-day.cfg:6 msgid "time of day^None" msgstr "" #. [editor_times]: id=test #: data/core/editor/time-of-day.cfg:11 msgid "Test" msgstr "" #. [editor_times]: id=default #: data/core/editor/time-of-day.cfg:22 msgid "Default" msgstr "" #. [editor_times]: id=summer #: data/core/editor/time-of-day.cfg:28 msgid "Summer" msgstr "" #. [editor_times]: id=winter #: data/core/editor/time-of-day.cfg:34 msgid "Winter" msgstr "" #. [editor_times]: id=24 #: data/core/editor/time-of-day.cfg:60 msgid "24 Hour Schedule" msgstr "" #. [editor_times]: id=after_the_fall #: data/core/editor/time-of-day.cfg:66 msgid "After the Fall" msgstr "" #. [theme]: id=editor #: data/themes/editor.cfg:11 #, fuzzy #\| msgid "Quit Editor" msgid "theme^Editor" msgstr "Umalis sa editor" #. [menu]: id=menu-editor-file, type=turbo #: data/themes/editor.cfg:61 msgid "File" msgstr "Fayl" #. [menu]: id=menu-editor-recent #: data/themes/editor.cfg:72 msgid "Load Recent" msgstr "" #. [menu]: id=menu-editor-map #: data/themes/editor.cfg:90 msgid "Map" msgstr "" #. [menu]: id=menu-unit-facing #: data/themes/editor.cfg:98 msgid "Unit Facing" msgstr "" #. [menu]: id=menu-editor-transitions #: data/themes/editor.cfg:104 msgid "Transition Update" msgstr "" #. [menu]: id=menu-editor-window #: data/themes/editor.cfg:111 #, fuzzy msgid "Window" msgstr "Huwag gawin ang pinakabagong nagawa" #. [menu]: id=menu-editor-areas #: data/themes/editor.cfg:120 msgid "Areas" msgstr "" #. [menu]: id=menu-editor-local-time #: data/themes/editor.cfg:128 msgid "Assign Local Time" msgstr "" #. [menu]: id=menu-editor-local-schedule #: data/themes/editor.cfg:134 msgid "Assign Local Time Schedule" msgstr "" #. [menu]: id=menu-editor-side #: data/themes/editor.cfg:142 msgid "Side" msgstr "" #. [label]: id=villages-icon #: data/themes/editor.cfg:159 msgid "villages" msgstr "" #. [label]: id=units-icon #: data/themes/editor.cfg:175 msgid "units" msgstr "" #. [menu]: id=switch_time #: data/themes/editor.cfg:454 msgid "Time Schedule Menu" msgstr "" #. [menu]: id=menu-playlist #: data/themes/editor.cfg:465 msgid "Playlist" msgstr "" #. [menu]: id=menu-editor-schedule #: data/themes/editor.cfg:471 msgid "Assign Time Schedule" msgstr "" #: src/editor/action/mouse/mouse_action_unit.cpp:68 msgid "(Unknown unit type: $type)" msgstr "" #: src/editor/action/mouse/mouse_action_unit.cpp:72 msgid "Identifier: " msgstr "" #: src/editor/action/mouse/mouse_action_unit.cpp:73 msgid "Name: " msgstr "" #: src/editor/action/mouse/mouse_action_unit.cpp:74 msgid "Type: " msgstr "" #: src/editor/action/mouse/mouse_action_unit.cpp:75 msgid "Level: " msgstr "" #: src/editor/action/mouse/mouse_action_unit.cpp:76 msgid "Cost: " msgstr "" #: src/editor/action/mouse/mouse_action_unit.cpp:77 msgid "Recruit: " msgstr "" #: src/editor/controller/editor_controller.cpp:179 msgid "Fatal error" msgstr "" #: src/editor/controller/editor_controller.cpp:209 msgid "Do you really want to quit?" msgstr "" #: src/editor/controller/editor_controller.cpp:211 msgid "" "Do you really want to quit? Changes to this map since the last save will be " "lost." msgstr "" #: src/editor/controller/editor_controller.cpp:213 msgid "" "Do you really want to quit? The following maps were modified and all changes " "since the last save will be lost:" msgstr "" #: src/editor/controller/editor_controller.cpp:222 msgid "No editor time-of-day found." msgstr "" #: src/editor/controller/editor_controller.cpp:1148 msgid "Change Unit ID" msgstr "" #: src/editor/controller/editor_controller.cpp:1149 msgid "ID:" msgstr "" #: src/editor/controller/editor_controller.cpp:1165 msgid "Rename Unit" msgstr "" #: src/editor/controller/editor_controller.cpp:1166 msgid "Name:" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:203 msgid "Load Map" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:271 src/editor/map/map_context.cpp:847 msgid "New Map" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:284 src/editor/map/map_context.cpp:847 #, fuzzy #\| msgid "Save the Map As" msgid "New Scenario" msgstr "I-seyb ang mapa sa ibang pangalan" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:340 msgid "No Recent Files" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:378 msgid "Unnamed Area" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:409 #, fuzzy #\| msgid "Save the Map As" msgid "New Side" msgstr "I-seyb ang mapa sa ibang pangalan" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:465 msgid "Apply Mask" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:474 msgid "Error loading mask" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:494 msgid "Identifier:" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:494 msgid "Rename Area" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:508 #, fuzzy msgid "Choose Target Map" msgstr "Pumili ng mapa para buksan" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:517 #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:926 msgid "Error loading map" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:643 #, fuzzy #\| msgid "Save the Map As" msgid "Save Map As" msgstr "I-seyb ang mapa sa ibang pangalan" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:664 #, fuzzy #\| msgid "Save the Map As" msgid "Save Scenario As" msgstr "I-seyb ang mapa sa ibang pangalan" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:696 msgid "No random map generators found." msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:709 #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:714 msgid "Map creation failed." msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:729 msgid "Unsaved Changes" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:730 msgid "Do you want to discard all changes made to the map since the last save?" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:786 msgid "This scenario is already open." msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:809 #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:872 msgid "This map is already open." msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:833 #, fuzzy #\| msgid "Map saved." msgid "Scenario saved." msgstr "Ang mapa ay na-seyb na." #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:848 msgid "Map saved." msgstr "Ang mapa ay na-seyb na." #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:905 msgid "Loaded embedded map data" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:906 #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:919 msgid "Map loaded from scenario" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/context_manager.cpp:916 msgid "" "Loaded referenced map file:\n" "$new" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/editor_map.cpp:148 #: src/editor/palette/location_palette.cpp:119 msgid "Player $side_num" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/editor_map.cpp:283 msgid "The size of the target map is different from the current map" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/map_context.cpp:146 msgid "File not found" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/map_context.cpp:153 msgid "Empty file" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/map_context.cpp:209 msgid "" "The map file looks like a scenario, but the map_data value does not point to " "an existing file" msgstr "" #: src/editor/map/map_context.cpp:613 #, fuzzy #\| msgid "Could not save the map: $msg" msgid "Could not save the scenario: $msg" msgstr "Hindi ma-seyb ang mapang: $msg" #: src/editor/map/map_context.cpp:648 #, fuzzy msgid "Could not save into scenario" msgstr "Hindi ma-seyb ang mapang: $msg" #: src/editor/map/map_context.cpp:658 msgid "Could not save the map: $msg" msgstr "Hindi ma-seyb ang mapang: $msg" #: src/editor/palette/editor_palettes.cpp:51 msgid "(Unknown Group)" msgstr "" #: src/editor/palette/editor_palettes.cpp:284 msgid "(non-core)" msgstr "" #: src/editor/palette/editor_palettes.cpp:285 msgid "Will not work in game without extra care." msgstr "" #: src/editor/palette/location_palette.cpp:256 msgid "Go To" msgstr "" #: src/editor/palette/location_palette.cpp:263 msgid "Add" msgstr "" #: src/editor/palette/location_palette.cpp:265 msgid "New Location Identifier" msgstr "" #: src/editor/palette/location_palette.cpp:272 msgid "Error" msgstr "" #: src/editor/palette/location_palette.cpp:273 msgid "Invalid location id" msgstr "" #: src/editor/palette/location_palette.cpp:280 msgid "Delete" msgstr "" #: src/editor/palette/terrain_palettes.cpp:231 msgid "FG: " msgstr "" #: src/editor/palette/terrain_palettes.cpp:232 msgid "BG: " msgstr "" #: src/gui/dialogs/editor/custom_tod.cpp:137 msgid "Clipboard support not found, contact your packager" msgstr "" #: src/gui/dialogs/editor/custom_tod.cpp:201 msgid "Choose File" msgstr "" #: src/gui/dialogs/editor/custom_tod.cpp:202 msgid "Select" msgstr "" #: src/gui/dialogs/editor/set_starting_position.cpp:84 #, fuzzy msgid "player^None" msgstr "Manlalaro" #: src/gui/dialogs/editor/set_starting_position.cpp:97 msgid "Player $player_number" msgstr "" #, fuzzy #~ msgid "Choose a File to Open" #~ msgstr "Pumili ng mapa para buksan" #, fuzzy #~ msgid "Choose a Mask to Apply" #~ msgstr "Pumili ng mapa para buksan" #, fuzzy #~ msgid "The file already exists. Do you want to overwrite it?" #~ msgstr "Ang mapang ito ay dati pa dito. Baguhin ito?" #~ msgid "Player" #~ msgstr "Manlalaro" #, fuzzy #~\| msgid "Battle for Wesnoth Map Editor" #~ msgid "The Battle for Wesnoth" #~ msgstr "Battle for Wesnoth Map Editor" #~ msgid "Edit" #~ msgstr "Edit" #~ msgid "Undo" #~ msgstr "Huwag gawin ang pinakabagong nagawa" #~ msgid "Redo" #~ msgstr "Gawin ulit" #~ msgid "FG" #~ msgstr "FG" #~ msgid "BG" #~ msgstr "BG" #~ msgid "Settings" #~ msgstr "Setings" #~ msgid "Draw tiles" #~ msgstr "Ilagay ang tiles" #~ msgid "Fill" #~ msgstr "Punuuin" #~ msgid "Set player's starting position" #~ msgstr "Ilagay kung saan ang posisyon ng manlalaro" #~ msgid "Zoom in" #~ msgstr "Palakihin ang nakikita" #~ msgid "Zoom out" #~ msgstr "Paliitin ang nakikita" #~ msgid "Zoom to default view" #~ msgstr "Ibalik sa karaniwang laki" #~ msgid "Toggle grid" #~ msgstr "Ipakita ang mga linya" #~ msgid "Resize the map" #~ msgstr "Palakihin o paliitin ang mapa" #~ msgid "Flip map" #~ msgstr "Baliktarin ang mapa" #~ msgid "Language" #~ msgstr "Wika" #~ msgid "Choose your preferred language:" #~ msgstr "Pumili ng wika ayon sa iyong kagustuhan:" #~ msgid "Which Player?" #~ msgstr "Alin sa mga manlalaro?" #~ msgid "Which player should start here?" #~ msgstr "Alin sa mga manlalaro ang magsisimula dito?" #~ msgid "" #~ "Warning: Illegal characters found in the map name. Please save under a " #~ "different name." #~ msgstr "" #~ "Paalala: May mga ilegal na karakters sa pangalan ng mapa. Paki-seyb ito " #~ "sa ibang pangalan." #~ msgid "The file does not contain a valid map." #~ msgstr "Ang fayl ay hindi isang ganap na mapa." #~ msgid "Do you want to save the map before quitting?" #~ msgstr "Gusto mo bang i-seyb ang mapa bago isarado ito?" #~ msgid "Error: Illegal character in filename." #~ msgstr "Error: May ilegal na karakter sa faylneym."
Q: Prove: $z^{12}+3z^8+101z^4+1$ has a root on the unit circle $\newcommand{\cis}{\operatorname{cis}}$>Prove that $$f(z)=z^{12}+3z^8+101z^4+1$$ has a root on the unit circle or $\|z\|\leq 1$ So started with looking at $$z^{12}+3z^8+101z^4+1=0$$ Therefore $$z^{12}+3z^8+101z^4=-1$$ looking at $z=r\cis\theta$ we get $$r^{12}\cis(12\cdot\theta)+3r^8\cis(8\cdot \theta)+101r^4\cis(4\cdot \theta)=-1$$ And I can see that if $x=r^4\cis(4\theta)$ we get $$x^3+3x^2+101x+1=0$$ I also know that if $z$ is a solution so is $\overline{z}$ How should I continue? Moreover: Can we say that $12$ degree polynomial as $12$ complex roots ($z$ and $\overline{z}$) but because we have $z^8$ and $z^4$ so there will be less than $12$ solutions? A: It is easy to see that there are no roots on the boundary of the circle. Moreover, the product of the roots is $1$. How can this be?
Goran Labus Goran Labus (; born 28 April 1985) is a Serbian football goalkeeper. References External links Goran Labus stats at utakmica.rs Category:1985 births Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from Novi Sad Category:Association football goalkeepers Category:Serbian footballers Category:RFK Novi Sad 1921 players Category:FK BSK Borča players Category:FK Srem players Category:FK ČSK Čelarevo players Category:FK Spartak Subotica players Category:NK Zvijezda Gradačac players Category:OFK Bačka players Category:Serbian First League players Category:Serbian SuperLiga players
CUTTING EDGE Fine Line Labs is interested in cutting edge technology, from quantum computing and virtual reality to space, integrating the most innovative and interesting aspects of what the human race is capable of. We offer software and programming services, as well as data subscriptions. Check out the links above to learn about our services in Space, VR, Data and Quantum Research, or email us for a quote on your software needs: Email Us. THE FUTURE Just like smartphones took over personal computing, Fine Line Labs is focused on disruptive technology. We delve into such things as virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, to name a few. Space is the new frontier, and that's why sending a satellite into low-Earth orbit was something we just had to do. Likewise, quantum computing is quickly becoming disruptive, and with current success in room-temperature qubits, we will be on the forefront of making sure this technology stays with the people, not just governments and corporations. OUR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES: CUBESAT FOR DISCLOSURE We are launching a satellite into low Earch orbit (LEO) summer of 2018, and will be recording visual and radioactive data for the study of UFO/UAP's (Unidentified Flying Objects/Unidentified Arial Phenomena). This is the first time such a mission has taken place, correlating visual evidence with radiation and electromagnetic data. You can be involved, and be one of the first observers, by subscribing to our services for $25 USD per month. You will receive login capabilities, and will be able to view the satellite data in real-time, before the public is notified of our data and discoveries. Subscribe here for access to the CubeSat data, or email us at info@finelinelabs.com for more info:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Project ToolsVersion="14.0" DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003"> <Import Project="packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.3.9.0\build\net35\NUnit3TestAdapter.props" Condition="Exists('packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.3.9.0\build\net35\NUnit3TestAdapter.props')" /> <Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props" Condition="Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')" /> <PropertyGroup> <Configuration Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == '' ">Debug</Configuration> <Platform Condition=" '$(Platform)' == '' ">AnyCPU</Platform> <ProjectGuid>{176C0214-9136-4079-8DAB-11D7420C3881}</ProjectGuid> <OutputType>Exe</OutputType> <AppDesignerFolder>Properties</AppDesignerFolder> <RootNamespace>csharp</RootNamespace> <AssemblyName>csharp</AssemblyName> <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.5.2</TargetFrameworkVersion> <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment> <AutoGenerateBindingRedirects>true</AutoGenerateBindingRedirects> <NuGetPackageImportStamp> </NuGetPackageImportStamp> </PropertyGroup> <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)\|$(Platform)' == 'Debug\|AnyCPU' "> <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget> <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols> <DebugType>full</DebugType> <Optimize>false</Optimize> <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath> <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants> <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport> <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel> </PropertyGroup> <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)\|$(Platform)' == 'Release\|AnyCPU' "> <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget> <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType> <Optimize>true</Optimize> <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath> <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants> <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport> <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel> </PropertyGroup> <ItemGroup> <Reference Include="ApprovalTests, Version=3.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=11bd7d124fc62e0f, processorArchitecture=MSIL"> <HintPath>packages\ApprovalTests.3.0.13\lib\net40\ApprovalTests.dll</HintPath> <Private>True</Private> </Reference> <Reference Include="ApprovalUtilities, Version=3.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=11bd7d124fc62e0f, processorArchitecture=MSIL"> <HintPath>packages\ApprovalUtilities.3.0.13\lib\net45\ApprovalUtilities.dll</HintPath> <Private>True</Private> </Reference> <Reference Include="ApprovalUtilities.Net45, Version=3.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, processorArchitecture=MSIL"> <HintPath>packages\ApprovalUtilities.3.0.13\lib\net45\ApprovalUtilities.Net45.dll</HintPath> <Private>True</Private> </Reference> <Reference Include="nunit.framework, Version=3.9.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=2638cd05610744eb, processorArchitecture=MSIL"> <HintPath>packages\NUnit.3.9.0\lib\net45\nunit.framework.dll</HintPath> </Reference> <Reference Include="System" /> <Reference Include="System.Core" /> <Reference Include="System.Xml.Linq" /> <Reference Include="System.Data.DataSetExtensions" /> <Reference Include="Microsoft.CSharp" /> <Reference Include="System.Data" /> <Reference Include="System.Net.Http" /> <Reference Include="System.Xml" /> </ItemGroup> <ItemGroup> <Compile Include="ApprovalTest.cs" /> <Compile Include="GildedRose.cs" /> <Compile Include="GildedRoseTest.cs" /> <Compile Include="Item.cs" /> <Compile Include="Program.cs" /> <Compile Include="Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs" /> </ItemGroup> <ItemGroup> <None Include="App.config" /> <None Include="packages.config" /> </ItemGroup> <ItemGroup> <Service Include="{82A7F48D-3B50-4B1E-B82E-3ADA8210C358}" /> </ItemGroup> <Import Project="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" /> <Target Name="EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports" BeforeTargets="PrepareForBuild"> <PropertyGroup> <ErrorText>This project references NuGet package(s) that are missing on this computer. Use NuGet Package Restore to download them. For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=322105. The missing file is {0}.</ErrorText> </PropertyGroup> <Error Condition="!Exists('packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.3.9.0\build\net35\NUnit3TestAdapter.props')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.3.9.0\build\net35\NUnit3TestAdapter.props'))" /> </Target> <!-- To modify your build process, add your task inside one of the targets below and uncomment it. Other similar extension points exist, see Microsoft.Common.targets. <Target Name="BeforeBuild"> </Target> <Target Name="AfterBuild"> </Target> --> </Project>
Lawyers bodkin A lawyers bodkin or ribbon threader is an item of stationery. It is used to bore holes in paper documents so that a connector such as legal tape, a treasury tag or a brass fastener can be threaded through the hole in the documents to bind them together. A lawyers bodkin is similar to a stitching awl: it consists of a pointed metal shaft with an eyelet near the pointed end connected to a bulb-shaped wooden handle; the shaft is kept attached to the handle by a ferrule. References External links Description of typical use of a lawyers bodkin from Pelikan website Category:Stationery Category:Fasteners
Influence of ketorolac tromethamine on clot elastic strength in humans as assessed by thromboelastography. To evaluate the effect of ketorolac tromethamine on coagulation using thromboelastography (TEG). TEGs were performed in each patient before and after ketorolac administration. Each patient's predrug results were used as control measurements for comparison with the postdrug results. Medical center surgical unit. Twenty ASA physical status I and II patients undergoing minor elective surgery; 12 healthy volunteers. TEGs were performed in all subjects before and 60 minutes after the intramuscular (IM) administration of ketorolac tromethamine 60 mg. Ten surgical patients were studied in the intraoperative period, and 10 surgical patients were studied in the postoperative period. The 12 healthy volunteers did not undergo a surgical procedure. Specific parameters assessed from the TEGs were reaction time (R time), coagulation time (RK time), clot formation rate (angle of deflection), and maximum clot strength (maximum amplitude of deflection). Ketorolac administration did not cause statistically significant changes in these parameters in any of the three groups studied. IM administration of ketorolac tromethamine 60 mg did not significantly alter the speed of formation or viscoelastic strength of clots as measured by TEG. These results provide additional support for prior clinical studies confirming the safety of ketorolac administration in the perioperative period.
.class public Landroid/support/design/widget/AppBarLayout$Behavior$SavedState; .super Landroid/view/View$BaseSavedState; # static fields .field public static final CREATOR:Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator; .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Signature; value = { "Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator", "<", "Landroid/support/design/widget/AppBarLayout$Behavior$SavedState;", ">;" } .end annotation .end field # instance fields .field firstVisibileChildAtMinimumHeight:Z .field firstVisibileChildPercentageShown:F .field firstVisibleChildIndex:I # direct methods .method static constructor <clinit>()V .locals 1 new-instance v0, Landroid/support/design/widget/AppBarLayout$Behavior$SavedState$1; invoke-direct {v0}, Landroid/support/design/widget/AppBarLayout$Behavior$SavedState$1;-><init>()V invoke-static {v0}, Landroid/support/v4/os/ParcelableCompat;->newCreator(Landroid/support/v4/os/ParcelableCompatCreatorCallbacks;)Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator; move-result-object v0 sput-object v0, Landroid/support/design/widget/AppBarLayout$Behavior$SavedState;->CREATOR:Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator; return-void .end method .method public constructor <init>(Landroid/os/Parcel;Ljava/lang/ClassLoader;)V .locals 1 invoke-direct {p0, p1}, Landroid/view/View$BaseSavedState;-><init>(Landroid/os/Parcel;)V invoke-virtual {p1}, Landroid/os/Parcel;->readInt()I move-result v0 iput v0, p0, Landroid/support/design/widget/AppBarLayout$Behavior$SavedState;->firstVisibleChildIndex:I invoke-virtual {p1}, Landroid/os/Parcel;->readFloat()F move-result v0 iput v0, p0, Landroid/support/design/widget/AppBarLayout$Behavior$SavedState;->firstVisibileChildPercentageShown:F invoke-virtual {p1}, Landroid/os/Parcel;->readByte()B move-result v0 if-eqz v0, :cond_0 const/4 v0, 0x1 :goto_0 iput-boolean v0, p0, Landroid/support/design/widget/AppBarLayout$Behavior$SavedState;->firstVisibileChildAtMinimumHeight:Z return-void :cond_0 const/4 v0, 0x0 goto :goto_0 .end method .method public constructor <init>(Landroid/os/Parcelable;)V .locals 0 invoke-direct {p0, p1}, Landroid/view/View$BaseSavedState;-><init>(Landroid/os/Parcelable;)V return-void .end method # virtual methods .method public writeToParcel(Landroid/os/Parcel;I)V .locals 1 invoke-super {p0, p1, p2}, Landroid/view/View$BaseSavedState;->writeToParcel(Landroid/os/Parcel;I)V iget v0, p0, Landroid/support/design/widget/AppBarLayout$Behavior$SavedState;->firstVisibleChildIndex:I invoke-virtual {p1, v0}, Landroid/os/Parcel;->writeInt(I)V iget v0, p0, Landroid/support/design/widget/AppBarLayout$Behavior$SavedState;->firstVisibileChildPercentageShown:F invoke-virtual {p1, v0}, Landroid/os/Parcel;->writeFloat(F)V iget-boolean v0, p0, Landroid/support/design/widget/AppBarLayout$Behavior$SavedState;->firstVisibileChildAtMinimumHeight:Z if-eqz v0, :cond_0 const/4 v0, 0x1 :goto_0 int-to-byte v0, v0 invoke-virtual {p1, v0}, Landroid/os/Parcel;->writeByte(B)V return-void :cond_0 const/4 v0, 0x0 goto :goto_0 .end method
--- abstract: 'Estimating 3D mesh of the human body from a single 2D image is an important task with many applications such as augmented reality and Human-Robot interaction. However, prior works reconstructed 3D mesh from global image feature extracted by using convolutional neural network (CNN), where the dense correspondences between the mesh surface and the image pixels are missing, leading to suboptimal solution. This paper proposes a model-free 3D human mesh estimation framework, named DecoMR, which explicitly establishes the dense correspondence between the mesh and the local image features in the UV space (a 2D space used for texture mapping of 3D mesh). DecoMR first predicts pixel-to-surface dense correspondence map (, IUV image), with which we transfer local features from the image space to the UV space. Then the transferred local image features are processed in the UV space to regress a location map, which is well aligned with transferred features. Finally we reconstruct 3D human mesh from the regressed location map with a predefined mapping function. We also observe that the existing discontinuous UV map are unfriendly to the learning of network. Therefore, we propose a novel UV map that maintains most of the neighboring relations on the original mesh surface. Experiments demonstrate that our proposed local feature alignment and continuous UV map outperforms existing 3D mesh based methods on multiple public benchmarks. Code will be made available at <https://github.com/zengwang430521/DecoMR>.' author: - Wang Zeng - Wanli Ouyang - Ping Luo - Wentao Liu - Xiaogang Wang bibliography: - 'egbib.bib' title: 3D Human Mesh Regression with Dense Correspondence --- @affilsepx[ ]{} Introduction ============ ![ Prior methods (, SPIN [@kolotouros2019learning] and CMR [@kolotouros2019convolutional]) usually reconstruct 3D meshes of human body from the global image feature vector extracted by neural networks, where the dense correspondences between the mesh surface and the image pixels are missing, leading to suboptimal results (top). Our DecoMR framework explicitly establishes such correspondence in the feature space with the aid of a novel continuous UV map, which results in better results in mesh details (bottom). []{data-label="fig:introduction"}](fig1_5.pdf){width="0.9\linewidth"} Estimation of the full human body pose and shape from a monocular image is a fundamental task for various applications such as human action recognition [@hussein2013human; @xia2012view], VR/AR [@huang2017towards] and video editing [@huang2015hybrid]. It is challenging mostly due to the inherent depth ambiguity and the difficulty to obtain the ground-truth 3D human body data. There are several popular representations for 3D objects in literature, , point clouds, 3D voxels and 3D meshes. Because of its compatibility with existing computer graphic engines and the efficiency to represent object surface in details with reasonable storage, 3D mesh representation has been widely adopted for 3D human body reconstruction [@kanazawa2018end; @bogo2016keep; @kolotouros2019learning; @guan2009estimating; @pishchulin2016deepcut; @zanfir2018monocular; @huang2017towards; @pavlakos2018learning; @omran2018neural; @yao2019densebody; @kolotouros2019convolutional; @zhu2019detailed]. However, unlike 3D voxel representation, the dense correspondence between the template human mesh surface and the image pixels is missing, while this dense correspondence between the input and the output has been proven crucial for various tasks [@newell2016stacked; @zhu2019detailed]. Due to this limitation, most existing 3D mesh based methods, either model-based [@kanazawa2018end; @pavlakos2018learning; @omran2018neural; @kolotouros2019learning] or model-free [@kolotouros2019convolutional], have to ignore the correspondence between the mesh representation and pixel representation. And they have to estimate the human meshes based on either global image feature [@kanazawa2018end; @kolotouros2019convolutional; @kolotouros2019learning], or hierarchical projection and refinement [@zhu2019detailed], which is time consuming and sensitive to initial estimation. To utilize the 3D mesh representation without losing the correspondence between the mesh space and the image space, we propose a 3D human mesh estimation framework that explicitly establishes the dense correspondence between the output 3D mesh and the input image in the UV space. Representing output mesh by a new UV map: Every point on the mesh surface is represented by its coordinates on the continuous UV map. Therefore, the 3D mesh can be presented as a location map in the UV space, of which the pixel values are the 3D coordinates of its corresponding point on the mesh surface, as shown in Figure \[fig:introduction\]. Instead of using SMPL default UV map, we construct a new continuous UV map that maintains more neighboring relations of the original mesh surface, by parameterizing the whole mesh surface into a single part on the UV plane, as shown in Figure \[fig:introduction\]. Mapping image features to the UV space: To map the image features to the continuous UV map space, we first use a network that takes a monocular image as input for predicting an IUV image [@alp2018densepose], which assign each pixel to a specific body part location. Then the local image features from the decoder are transferred to the UV space with the guidance of predicted IUV image to construct the transferred feature maps that are well aligned with the corresponding mesh area. Given the transferred local features, we use both the local features and the global feature to estimate the location map in the UV space, which is further used to reconstruct the 3D human body mesh with the predefined UV mapping function. Since our UV map is continuous and maintains the neighboring relationships among body parts, details between body parts can be well preserved when the local features are transferred. In summary, our contributions are twofold: 1. We propose a novel UV map that maintains most of the neighboring relations on the original mesh surface. 2. We explicitly establish the dense correspondence between the output 3D mesh and the input image by the transferred local image features. We extensively evaluate our methods on multiple widely used benchmarks for 3D human body reconstruction. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on both 3D human body mesh reconstruction and 3D human body pose estimation. Related Work ============ Optimization-based methods -------------------------- Pioneer works solve the 3D human body reconstruction by optimizing parameters of an predefined 3D human mesh models, , SCAPE [@anguelov2005scape] and SMPL [@loper2015smpl], with respect to the ground-truth body landmark locations [@guan2009estimating], or employing a 2D keypoints estimation network [@bogo2016keep]. To improve the precision, extra landmarks are used in [@lassner2017unite]. Recent work [@zanfir2018monocular] enables multiple persons body reconstruction by incorporating human semantic part segmentation clues, scene and temporal constrains. Learning-based methods ---------------------- Model-based methods: Directly reconstruction of the 3D human body from a single image is a relatively hard problem. Therefore, many methods incorporate a parameterized 3D human model and change the problem into the model parameter regression. For example, HMR [@kanazawa2018end] regresses the SMPL parameters directly from RGB image. In order to mitigate the lack of robustness caused by the inadequacy of in-the-wild training data, some approaches employ intermediate representations, such as 2D joint heatmaps and silhouette [@pavlakos2018learning], semantic segmentation map [@omran2018neural] or IUV image [@xu2019denserac]. Recently, SPIN [@kolotouros2019learning] incorporates 3D human model parameter optimization into network training process by supervising network with optimization result, and achieves the state-of-the-art results among model-based 3D human body estimation approaches. Compared with optimization-based methods, model parameter regression methods are more computationally efficient. While these methods can make use of the prior knowledge embedded in 3D human model, and tend to reconstruct more biologically plausible human bodies compared with model-free methods, the representation capability is also limited by the parameter space with these predefined human models. In addition, as stated in [@kolotouros2019convolutional], 3D human model parameter space might not be so friendly to the learning of network. On the contrary, our framework does not regress model parameters. Instead, it directly outputs 3D coordinates of each mesh vertex. ![image](framework7.pdf){width="1\linewidth"} Model-free methods: Some methods do not rely on human models and regress 3D human body representation directly from image. BodyNet [@varol2018bodynet] estimates volumetric representation of 3D human with a Voxel-CNN. A recent work [@gabeur2019moulding] estimates visible and hidden depth maps, and combines them to form a point cloud of human. Voxel and point cloud based representations are flexible and can represent objects with different topology. However, the capability of reconstructing surface details is limited by the storage cost. CMR [@kolotouros2019convolutional] uses a Graph-CNN to directly regress 3D coordinates of vertices from image features. Densebody [@yao2019densebody] estimates vertex location in the form of UV-position map. A recent work [@pumarola20193dpeople] represents the 3D shapes using 2D geometry images, which can be regarded as a special kind of UV-position map. These methods do not use any human model. However, they still lack correspondence between human mesh and image and estimate the whole surface only relying on global image feature. On the contrary, our method can employ local feature for the reconstruction of corresponding surface area. The efficacy of the UV space representation has been demonstrated in recent work Tex2Shape [@alldieck2019tex2shape], where the 3D human shape is estimated from the texture map which is obtained by transferring images pixels according to the IUV image estimated by DensePose [@alp2018densepose]. We also use the IUV image to guide the human mesh estimation. However, in [@alldieck2019tex2shape], the UV transfer is used to preprocess the raw image and is independent from the model learning, while we incorporate the UV transfer into our network to enable the end-to-end learning. We observe the efficacy of learning the transferred features end-to-end, which has also been proved by prior works, , Spatial Transformer Networks [@jaderberg2015spatial] and Deformable ConvNets [@dai2017deformable]. Very recently, HMD [@zhu2019detailed] refines initial estimated human mesh by hierarchical projection and mesh deformation. PIFu [@saito2019pifu] reconstructs 3D human as implicit function. HMD and PIFu are able to utilize local image features to achieve impressive details in the reconstruction results. However, HMD is computationally intensive and sensitive to the initial estimation, while implicit function lacks the semantic information of human body. In contrast, we estimate the pixel-to-surface dense correspondence from images directly, which is computationally efficient and more robust, and the location map maintains the semantic information of human body. Our Method ========== Overview. As shown in Figure \[framework\], our framework DecoMR consists of two components, including a dense correspondence estimation network (CNet), which preforms in the image space, as well as a localization network (LNet), which performs on a new continuous UV map space. The CNet has an encoder-decoder architecture to estimate an IUV image. It also extracts local image features $\mathcal{F}_{im}$, and then uses the the estimated IUV image for transferring the image features $\mathcal{F}_{im}$ to the transferred local features $\mathcal{F}_{UV}$ in the UV space. LNet takes the above transferred local features $\mathcal{F}_{UV}$ as input, and regresses a location map $X$, whose pixel value is the 3D coordinates of the corresponding points on the mesh surface. Finally, the 3D human mesh $V$ is reconstructed from the above location map by using a predefined UV mapping function. As a result, the location map and the transferred feature map are well aligned in the UV space, thus leading to dense correspondence between the output 3D mesh and the input image. Although the SMPL UV map [@loper2015smpl] is widely used in the literature [@yao2019densebody; @alldieck2019tex2shape; @grigorev2019coordinate], it loses the neighboring relationships between different body parts as shown in Figure \[fig:uv\_map\] (a),[ which is crucial for network learning as stated in [@kolotouros2019convolutional].]{} Therefore, we design a new UV map that is able to maintain more neighboring relationships on the original mesh surface as shown in Figure \[fig:uv\_map\] (b). The overall objective function of DecoMR is $$\mathcal{L} = \mathcal{L}_{IUV} + \mathcal{L}_{Loc} + \lambda_{con}\mathcal{L}_{con}. \label{eq:L} %\vspace{-5pt}$$ It has three loss functions of different purposes. The first loss denoted as $\mathcal{L}_{IUV}$ minimizes the distance between the predicted IUV image and the ground-truth IUV image. The second loss function denoted as $\mathcal{L}_{Loc}$ minimizes the dissimilarity between the regressed human mesh (location map) and the ground-truth human mesh. In order to encourage the output mesh to be aligned with the input image, we add an extra loss function, denoted as $\mathcal{L}_{con}$, which is a consistent loss to increase the consistency between the regressed location map and the ground-truth IUV image. The $\lambda_{con}$ in Equation \[eq:L\] is a constant coefficient to balance the consistent loss $\mathcal{L}_{con}$. We first define the new UV map below and then introduce different loss functions in details. The Continuous UV map {#section_uv} --------------------- First we define a new continuous UV map that preserves more neighboring relationships of the original mesh than the ordinary UV map of SMPL. As shown in Figure \[fig:uv\_map\] (a), multiple mesh surface parts are placed separately on the SMPL default UV map, which loses the neighboring relationships of the original mesh surface. Instead of utilizing SMPL UV map as [@alldieck2019tex2shape; @grigorev2019coordinate; @yao2019densebody], we design a new continuous UV map. We first carefully split the template mesh into an open mesh, while keeping the entire mesh surface as a whole. Then we utilize an algorithm of area-preserving 3D mesh planar parameterization [@jacobson2017libigl; @jiang2017simplicial], to minimize the area distortion between the UV map and the original mesh surface, in order to obtain an initial UV map. To maintain symmetry for every pair of symmetric vertices on the UV map, we further refine the initial UV map by first aligning the fitted symmetric axis with $v$ axis and then averaging the UV coordinates with the symmetric vertex flipped by $v$ axis. Comparisons. Here we quantitatively show that our continuous UV map outperforms the SMPL UV map in terms of preserving connection relationships between vertices on the mesh. To do so, we compute the distance matrix, where each element is the distance between every vertex pair. We also compute the distance matrix on the UV map. Figure \[distance\] shows such distance matrices. This distance matrix can be computed by using different types of data. For the mesh surface, the distance between two vertices is defined as the length of the minimal path between them on the graph built from the mesh. For the UV map, the distance between two vertices is directly calculated by the the distance between their UV coordinates. Now we quantitatively evaluate the similarity between the distance matrices of UV map and original mesh in two aspects as shown in Table \[tab:similarity\]. In the first aspect, we calculate the 2D correlation coefficient denoted as $S_1$. We have $$S_1 = \frac{\sum\limits_{m} \sum\limits_{n}\left(A_{m n}-\bar{A}\right)\left(B_{m n}-\bar{B}\right)}{\sqrt{\left(\sum\limits_{m} \sum\limits_{n}\left(A_{m n}-\bar{A}\right)^{2}\right)\left(\sum\limits_{m} \sum\limits_{n}\left(B_{m n}-\bar{B}\right)^{2}\right)}},$$ where $A$ and $B$ are the distance matrices of original mesh and UV map, respectively. $\bar{A}$ and $\bar{B}$ are the mean value of $A$ and $B$ respectively. $m$ and $n$ are the indices of mesh vertices. In the second aspect, we calculate the normalized cosine similarity between the distance matrices of UV map and original mesh, denoted as $S_2$. From Table \[tab:similarity\], we see that our continuous UV map outperforms SMPL UV map by large margins on both metric values, showing that our UV map preserves more neighboring relationships than the SMPL UV map. ![Comparisons of UV maps. Row (a) shows SMPL default UV map and row (b) shows our continuous UV map.[]{data-label="fig:uv_map"}](uv_space.pdf){width="0.9\linewidth"} ![Comparisons of distance matrices between vertices calculated on SMPL UV map , the proposed UV map, and the original mesh surface. Compared to SMPL UV map, the distance matrix of the proposed UV map is more similar to that of the original mesh. []{data-label="distance"}](dist_matrix.pdf){width="0.9\linewidth"} UV map 2D correlation ($S_1$) cosine similarity ($S_2$) ----------------------- ------------------------ --------------------------- SMPL [@loper2015smpl] 0.2132 0.8306 Ours 0.7758 0.9458 : Comparisons of the similarity between the vertices’ distance matrices of the original mesh surface and different types of UV maps. $S_1$ is the 2D correlation coefficient and $S_2$ is the normalized cosine similarity. We see that the proposed UV map outperforms SMPL default UV map on both metrics.[]{data-label="tab:similarity"} Pixel-to-Mesh Correspondence. With the proposed UV map, every point on the mesh surface can be expressed by its coordinates on the UV map (UV coordinates). Therefore, we can predict the pixel-to-surface correspondence by estimating the UV coordinates for each pixel belonging to human body, leading to an IUV image as shown in Figure \[fig:uv\_map\]. More importantly, we can also represent a 3D mesh with a location map in the UV space, where the pixel values are 3D coordinates of the corresponding points on the mesh surface. Thus it is easy to reconstruct 3D mesh from a location map with the following formula, $$V_{i} = X(u_{i}, v_{i}),$$ where $V_{i}$ denotes 3D coordinates of vertex, $X$ is the location map, $u_{i}$ and $v_{i}$ are UV coordinates of the vertex. Dense Correspondence Network (CNet) {#section_corr} ----------------------------------- CNet establishes the dense correspondence between pixels of the input image and areas of 3D mesh surface. As illustrated in Figure \[framework\], CNet has an encoder-decoder architecture, where the encoder employs ResNet50 [@he2016deep] as backbone, and the decoder consists of several upsampling and convolutional layers with skip connection with encoder. In particular, the encoder encodes the image as a local feature map and a global feature vector, as well as regresses the camera parameters, which are used to project the 3D mesh into the image plane. The decoder first generates a mask of the human body, which distinguishes fore pixels (human body) from those at the back. Then, the decoder outputs the exact UV coordinates for the fore pixels, constituting an IUV image as shown in Figure \[fig:uv\_map\]. With the predicted IUV image, the corresponding point on the mesh surface for every image pixel can be determined. The loss function for the CNet contains two terms, $$\mathcal{L}_{IUV}=\lambda_{c}\mathcal{L}_{c} + \lambda_{r}\mathcal{L}_{r},$$ where $\mathcal{L}_{c}$ is a dense binary cross-entropy loss for classifying each pixel as ‘fore’ or ‘back’, $\mathcal{L}_{r}$ is an $l_1$ dense regression loss for predicting the exact UV coordinates, and $\lambda_{c}$ and $\lambda_{r}$ are two constant coefficients. ![Illustration of the UV transferring of raw image pixels. Elements in the image space can be transferred to the UV space with the guidance of IUV image. []{data-label="uv_transfer"}](uv_transfer.pdf){width="0.9\linewidth"} Vertex coordinates regression {#section_loc} ----------------------------- The location net (LNet) aims to regress 3D coordinates of mesh vertices by outputting a location map, from which the 3D mesh can be reconstructed easily. As shown in Figure \[framework\], the LNet first transfers image features from the image space to the UV space with the guidance of predicted IUV image: $$\mathcal{F}_{UV}(u, v) = \mathcal{F}_{im}(x, y), \label{equation:UV_transfer} %\vspace{-5pt}$$ where $(x, y)$ are the coordinates in image space of the pixels classified as fore, and $(u, v)$ are the predicted coordinates in UV space of these pixels. $\mathcal{F}_{im}$ is the feature map in image space and $\mathcal{F}_{UV}$ is the transferred feature map in UV space. The feature map $\mathcal{F}_{UV}$ is well aligned with the output location map. So the LNet can predict location map utilizing corresponding local image features. In this way, the dense correspondence between image pixels and mesh surface areas is established explicitly. An example of raw image pixels transferred to UV space is shown in Figure \[uv\_transfer\]. Note that our framework transfers features instead of pixel values. The LNet is a light CNN with skip connections taking the transferred local image features, expanded global image feature and a reference location map as input. Intuitively, we apply an weighted $l_1$ loss between the predicted location map $X$ and ground-truth location map $\hat{X}$, , $$\mathcal{L}_{map}=\sum_{u}\sum_{v}W(u,v)\cdot\left\\|X(u,v)-\hat{X}(u,v)\right\\|_{1}. \vspace{-5pt}$$ $W$ is a weight map used to balance the contribution of different mesh areas, where areas away from torso are assigned higher weights. We also reconstruct a 3D human mesh from the predicted location map and get 3D joints from human mesh employing joint regressor as previous works [@kanazawa2018end; @kolotouros2019convolutional; @kolotouros2019learning]. Then we add supervision on the 3D coordinates and projected 2D coordinates in the image space of the joints, , $$\mathcal{L}^{3D}_{J}=\sum_{i}^{k}\left\\|Z_{i}-\hat{Z}_{i}\right\\|_{1}, \vspace{-5pt}$$ $$\mathcal{L}_{J}^{2D}=\sum_{i}^{k}\left\\|v_{i}(z_{i}-\hat{z}_{i})\right\\|_{2}^{2}, \vspace{-5pt}$$ where $Z_{i}$ and $z_{i}$ are the regressed 3D and 2D coordinates of joints, while $\hat{Z}_{i}$ and $\hat{z}_{i}$ refer to the coordinates of the ground-truth joints, and $v_i$ denotes the visibility of joints. Finally, the full loss for LNet is $$\mathcal{L}_{loc}= \mathcal{L}_{map} + \mathcal{L}^{3D}_{J} + \mathcal{L}_{J}^{2D}. \vspace{-5pt}$$ ![Illustration of our consistent loss between the location map and the IUV image. 3D coordinates in the location map are transferred back to the image space using IUV image, and then projected to the image plane. The projected 2D coordinates are supervised by the coordinates of image pixels in the image space.[]{data-label="consistent"}](consistent_loss.pdf){width="0.9\linewidth"} Consistent Loss: Besides the above widely used supervision, we add an extra supervision between regressed location map and ground-truth IUV image to improve the alignment between 3D mesh and image. As shown in Figure \[consistent\], with an IUV image, we can also transfer location map from the UV space back to the image space and get 3D coordinates for every foreground pixel. The 3D coordinates are then projected to image plane to get 2D coordinates, which should be consistent with the coordinates of the pixels in the image space. Then the consistent loss is constructed as follows: $$\mathcal{L}_{con}=\sum_{(x, y)\in \mbox{Foreground}} \left\\|(x, y)-\pi(X(u, v), c))\right\\|^{2}_{2}$$ $$\mathcal{L}_{con}=\sum_{(x, y)} \left\\|(x, y)-\pi(X(u, v), c))\right\\|^{2}_{2}, \vspace{-5pt}$$ where $X$ is the predicted location map, $\pi(X, c)$ denotes the projection function with predicted camera parameters $c$, and $x, y, u, v$ are the same as that in Equation \[equation:UV\_transfer\]. This consistent loss is similar to the loss item $\mathcal{L}_{dense}$ in recent work of Rong [@Rong_2019_ICCV]. However, in our framework there is no need to calculate the corresponding point on mesh surface as in [@Rong_2019_ICCV], because the correspondence between mesh surface and image pixel is already established. Implementation details {#section_detail} ---------------------- We set $\lambda_{c}$, $\lambda_{r}$ and $\lambda_{cons}$ to $0.2$, $1$ and $1$ respectively and optimize the framework with an Adam optimizer [@kingma2014adam], with batch size 128 and learning rate 2.5e-4. The training data is augmented with randomly scaling, rotation, flipping and RGB channel noise. We first train the CNet for 5 epochs and then train the full framework end-to-end for 30 epochs. Experiments =========== Datasets {#dataset} -------- In the experiment, we train our model on the Human3.6M [@ionescu2013human3], UP-3D [@lassner2017unite] and SURREAL [@varol17_surreal] dataset, while we provide evaluations on the test set of Human3.6M, SURREAL and LSP dataset [@Johnson10]. Human3.6M: Human3.6M [@ionescu2013human3] is a large scale indoor dataset for 3D human pose estimation, including multiple subjects performing typical actions like walking, sitting and eating. Following the common setting [@kanazawa2018end], we use subjects S1, S5, S6, S7 and S8 as training data and use subjects S9 and S11 for evaluation. For evaluation, results are reported using two widely used metrics (MPJPE and MPJPE-PA) under two popular protocols: P1 and P2, as defined in [@kanazawa2018end], UP-3D: UP-3D [@lassner2017unite] is an outdoor 3D human pose estimation dataset. It provides 3D human body ground truth by fitting SMPL model on images from 2D human pose benchmarks. We utilize the images of training and validation set for training. SURREAL: SURREAL dataset [@varol17_surreal] is a large dataset providing synthetic images with ground-truth SMPL model parameters. We use the standard split setting [@varol17_surreal] but remove all images with incomplete human body and evaluate on the same sampled test set as BodyNet [@varol2018bodynet]. LSP: LSP [@Johnson10] dataset is a 2D human pose estimation benchmark. In our work, we evaluate the segmentation accuracy of each model on the segmentation annotation [@lassner2017unite]. Methods MPJPE-PA ----------------------------------- ---------- Lassner [@lassner2017unite] 93.9 SMPLify [@bogo2016keep] 82.3 Pavlakos [@pavlakos2018learning] 75.9 HMR[@kanazawa2018end] 56.8 NBF[@omran2018neural] 59.9 CMR[@kolotouros2019convolutional] 50.1 DenseRaC[@xu2019denserac] 48.0 SPIN[@kolotouros2019learning] 41.1 Ours 39.3 : Comparison with the state-of-the-art mesh-based 3D human estimation methods on Human3.6M test set. The numbers are joint errors in mm with Procrustes alignment under P2, and lower is better. Our approach achieves the state-of-the-art performance. []{data-label="h36m"} Methods Surface Error ------------------------------- --------------- SMPLify++ [@lassner2017unite] 75.3 Tung [@NIPS2017_7108] 74.5 BodyNet[@varol2018bodynet] 73.6 Ours 56.5 : Comparison with the state-of-the-art methods on SURREAL dataset. The numbers are the mean vertex errors in mm, and lower is better. Our methods outperform baselines with a large margin.[]{data-label="surreal"} ------------------------------------ ----------- ---------- ----------- ---------- acc. f1 acc. f1 SMPLify ${oracle}$ [@bogo2016keep] 92.17 0.88 88.82 0.67 SMPLify [@bogo2016keep] 91.89 0.88 87.71 0.67 SMPLify on [@pavlakos2018learning] 92.17 0.88 88.24 0.64 HMR [@kanazawa2018end] 91.67 0.87 87.12 0.60 CMR [@kolotouros2019convolutional] 91.46 0.87 88.69 0.66 SPIN [@kolotouros2019learning] 91.83 0.87 89.41 0.68 Ours 92.10 0.88 89.45 0.69 ------------------------------------ ----------- ---------- ----------- ---------- : Comparison with the state-of-the-art methods on LSP test set. The numbers are accuracy and f1 scores, and higher is better. SMPLify [@bogo2016keep] is optimization based, while HMR [@kanazawa2018end], CMR [@kolotouros2019convolutional], SPIN [@kolotouros2019learning] and our method are regression based. Our framework achieves the state-of-the-art result among regression based methods and is competitive with optimization based methods.[]{data-label="lsp"} Comparison with the state-of-the-art ------------------------------------ In this section, we present comparison of our method with other state-of-the-art mesh-based methods. Table \[h36m\] shows the results on Human3.6M test set. We train our model following the setting of CMR [@kolotouros2019convolutional] and utilize Human3.6M and UP-3D as the training set. Our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance among the mesh-based methods. It’s worth notice that SPIN [@kolotouros2019learning] and our method focus on different aspect and are compatible. SPIN [@tekin2017learning] focus on the training using data with scarce 3D ground truth and the network is trained with extra data from 2D human pose benchmarks. While we focus on the dense correspondence between mesh and image, and do not include data from 2D human pose benchmarks. Similarly, we show the results on SURREAL dataset in Table \[surreal\]. Our model is trained only with training data of SURREAL dataset and outperforms the previous methods by a large margin. The human shape in SURREAL dataset is of great variety, and this verifies the human shape reconstruction capability of our method. We also investigate human shape estimation accuracy by evaluating the foreground-background and part-segmentation performance on the LSP test set. During the evaluation, we use the projection of the 3D mesh as segmentation result. The predicted IUV image is not used in evaluation for fair comparison. The results are shown in Table \[lsp\]. Our regression based method outperforms the state-of-the-art regression based methods and is competitive with the optimization based methods, which tend to outperform the regression based methods on this metric but are with much lower inference speed. Ablative studies ---------------- ----- --- --- ------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- UV raw map pixel P1 P2 P1 P2 72.1 68.9 51.9 49.1 71.9 69.6 47.4 44.8 65.0 61.7 45.1 42.6 65.0 63.2 46.5 44.7 69.5 67.7 49.4 47.1 69.8 68.4 44.6 42.3 62.7 60.6 42.2 39.3 63.2 61.0 45.5 42.6 ----- --- --- ------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- : Comparison on Human3.6M test set with different UV map and input of location net. The numbers are 3D joint errors in mm. $\mathcal{F}_{G}$ and $\mathcal{F}_{L}$ refer to global feature vector and local feature map, respectively. With both UV maps, the framework use local feature outperforms the baseline using global feature with a large margin. Combining global feature and local feature further improves the performance. However, transferring raw image pixels brings a gain much smaller. With the same input, the frameworks using our UV map outperform these using SMPL default UV map. \[tab:ablation\] ![An example of mesh reconstructed using our new UV map (top) and SMPL default UV map (bottom). SMPL default UV map may cause discontinuity between different parts as well as erroneous estimation of some vertices near part edges. While our new UV map mitigates these problems.[]{data-label="uv_space"}](loc_2.pdf){width="0.9\linewidth"} ![image](im1046.jpg){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](im1046.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](im1078.jpg){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](im1078.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](im1174.jpg){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](im1174.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](im1208.jpg){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](im1208.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](im1246.jpg){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](im1246.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](im1321.jpg){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](im1321.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](im1446.jpg){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](im1446.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](im1910.jpg){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](im1910.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](im1968.jpg){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](im1968.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](105540rgb.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](ours105540pred_mesh.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](90500rgb.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](ours90500pred_mesh.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](91000rgb.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](ours91000pred_mesh.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](91200rgb.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](ours91200pred_mesh.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](94060rgb.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](ours94060pred_mesh.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](97020rgb.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} ![image](ours97020pred_mesh.png){width="0.15\linewidth"} In this section, we provide the ablation studies of the proposed method. We train all networks with training data from Human3.6M and UP-3D dataset, and evaluate the models on Human3.6M test set. Dense correspondence: We first investigate the effectiveness of the dense correspondence between 3D mesh and image features. We train networks that only use global feature or transferred local feature as the input of LNet. The comparison is shown in Table \[tab:ablation\]. With both UV maps, the framework utilizing transferred local feature outperforms the baseline using global feature with a large margin, which proves the effectiveness of the established dense correspondence. Combining global feature with local feature further improves the performance. We also train frameworks that transfer raw image pixels rather than image features and observe much less improvement than transferring local features. We attribute this phenomenon to the lack of human pose information in transferred raw pixels. For images with the same person in different poses, the pixels of a certain body part will be transferred to the same position in the UV space, which generates similar inputs for the LNet. So the LNet can only use transferred pixels to refine the estimation of human shape, and predict human pose only based on global feature. On the contrary, the CNet is able to embed human pose information into image features. Then the LNet can resort to transferred features to refine both human shape and pose estimation. UV map: For the second ablative study, we investigate the influence of different UV maps. We compare the performance of frameworks using SMPL default UV map [@loper2015smpl], and our continuous UV map. As shown in Table \[tab:ablation\], with the same input of LNet, the frameworks using our continuous UV map outperforms these frameworks using SMPL default UV map with a large margin. We attribute the gain to the continuity of the new UV map. As shown in Figure \[uv\_space\], some neighboring parts on mesh surface are distant on SMPL default UV map, such as arms and hands. This may lead to discontinuity of these parts on the final 3D mesh. Additionally, some faraway surface parts are very close on the UV plane, such as hands and foots, which might cause erroneous estimation of vertices on edges of these parts. These phenomenons are both shown in Figure \[uv\_space\]. On the contrary, our UV map preserves more neighboring relations of the original mesh surface, so these problems are mitigated. Qualitative result ------------------ Some qualitative results are presented in Figure \[qualitative\], and Figure \[erroneous\] includes some failure cases. Typical failure cases can be attributed to challenging poses, viewpoints rare seen in training set, severe self-osculation, as well as confusion caused by interaction among multiple people. Conclusion ========== This work aims to solve the problem of lacking dense correspondence between the image feature and output 3D mesh in mesh-based monocular 3D human body estimation. The correspondence is explicitly established by IUV image estimation and image feature transferring. Instead of reconstructing human mesh from global feature, our framework is able to make use of extra dense local features transferred to the UV space. To facilitate the learning of frame work, we propose a new UV map that maintains more neighboring relations of the original mesh surface. Our framework achieves state-of-the-art performance among 3D mesh-based methods on several public benchmarks. Future work can focus on extending the framework to the reconstruction of surface details beyond existing human models, such as cloth wrinkles and hair styles. Acknowledgement {#acknowledgement .unnumbered} =============== We thank reviewers for helpful discussions and comments. Wanli Ouyang is supported by the Australian Research Council Grant DP200103223.
Solid-state nanopores have been developed in order to sense molecular analytes and in particular biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins because they are viewed as being more robust and less dynamic than biopores which are based on protein (toxin)-lipid membrane systems (Clarcke et al., 2009, Nat. Nanotechnol., 4, 265). Solid-state nanopores can operate in various liquid media and pH conditions and their production is scalable and compatible with nanofabrication techniques and can be integrated with other sensing methods that exploit tunneling or local potential gating. The sensing principle is the same as in bio-engineered pores and ideally, the sequence of nucleotides, genetic information, along a single DNA molecule can be registered by monitoring small changes in the ionic current caused by the transient residing of single nucleotides within a nanometer size pore. Before sequencing with solid state nanopores, three fundamental requirements on ionic or transverse current signals have to be met: spatial resolution in the order of few nucleotides, high signal to noise ratio to distinguish between signals related to different nucleotides and temporal resolution of the signal that allows acquiring enough points per nucleotide using state of the art current-voltage amplifier systems have to be achieved. However, solid state nanopores exhibit a relatively lower single molecule detection sensitivity compared to biopores due to their intrinsic thickness and lack of control over surface charge distribution: temporal resolution of ionic current in solid state nanopores is on order of 10-50 base pairs/ms (Branton et al., 2008, Nat. Nanotechnol., 26, 1146). Together with lower ionic current signal to noise ratio, relatively larger sensing region, which is due to the pore membrane thickness, has been major obstacle in achieving sequencing data when using solid state nanopores. Recently, thin membranes have been proposed to extend the applications of solid-state nanopore to, e.g., detection of short DNA oligomers and differentiation of short nucleotides homopolymers (Venta et al., 2013, ACS Nano, 7, 4629-4636). Several groups have used monolayer graphene (thickness of ˜0.35 nm) as a nanopore membrane for the detection of DNA translocation (Garaj et al., 2010, Nature, 467, 7312, 190-193) and simultaneous detection of DNA translocation with two synchronized signals, the ionic current in the nanopore and local potential change in the graphene nanoribbon transistor has been reported (Traversi et al., 2013, Nat. Nanotechnol., 8, 939-945). However, graphene nanopores exhibit strong hydrophobic interactions with DNA that limits their long-term use due to the clogging. Schneider et al. have implemented surface functionalization with pyrene ethylene glycol of graphene nanopores and demonstrated that this process prevents DNA absorption on graphene and renders graphene nanopores usable for extended periods of time (Schneider et al., 2013, Nat. Commun., 4, 2619). Several attempts have been carried-out for improving temporal resolution of translocating DNA molecules in solid-state nanopores, including using the DNA pore interactions, controlling the electrolyte parameters (temperature, salt concentration, viscosity), nanopore surface functionalization, change in nanopore surface charge though light-control and applying an electrical bias voltage across the nanopore to reduce the mobility of the DNA. Fologea et al. (Fologea et al., 2005, Nano Lett, 5, 1734) added glycerol into buffer to increase the viscosity and consequently reduce the mobility of DNA and by controlling the electrolyte temperature, salt concentration, viscosity, electrical bias voltage across the nanopore, obtained a 3 base/ms, but working with glycerol/water reduced the ionic current signal. In addition, the highest viscosity of the solution that they could use was 5.2 cP. In conclusion, DNA translocations in biological nanopores are currently too slow, on the other hand in solid-state nanopores are too fast compared to the optimal DNA sequencing velocity of 1-50 nucleotide/ms (Venkatesan et al., 2011, Nature Nanotechnology 6: 615-624). So far achieved temporal resolution in solid-state nanopores is on order of 3000-50000 nt/ms (Branton et al., 2008, supra). Therefore, there is a need for selective and sensitive sensing systems for analytes, in particular biomolecular analytes that allow a rapid analysis at the molecular levels such as for DNA, RNA and protein sequencing.
abstract = "We calculate the model-independent radiative corrections to the Dalitz plot of Kl3± decays to the order of (α/π)(q/M1), where q is the momentum transfer and M1is the mass of the kaon. The final results are presented, first, with the triple integration over the variables of the bremsstrahlung photon ready to be performed numerically and, second, in an analytical form. These two forms are useful to cross-check on one another and with other calculations. This paper is organized to make it accessible and reliable in the analysis of the Dalitz plot of precision experiments and is not compromised to fixing the form factors at predetermined values. It is assumed that the real photons are kinematically discriminated. Otherwise, our results have a general model-independent applicability. {\textcopyright} 2011 American Physical Society.",
Trump Says Biofuel Plan Will `Make Farmers Happy,' Help Refiners (Bloomberg) -- President Donald Trump on Thursday outlined changes to U.S. biofuel laws that would allow more ethanol to be used, a nod to farmers caught in the crosshairs of a potential trade war with China, while also offering some relief to fuel suppliers who have complained about compliance costs. Allowing the year-round sale of fuel containing as much as 15 percent ethanol, a blend known as E-15, “makes a lot of farmers happy," Trump said prior to a White House meeting with Republican lawmakers from farm states. “We’re going to also be helping the refineries," he added. Trump has held a series of meetings in recent months to carve out a biofuels deal that satisfies the agriculture and oil lobbies, which also happen to represent two of his most important constituencies: farmers in the rural Midwest and blue-collar workers in industrial areas. The two sides have clashed repeatedly over the Renewable Fuel Standard, a complicated policy that crosses political lines. Oil industry representatives have cited the January bankruptcy of Philadelphia Energy Solutions Inc., the largest U.S. East Coast oil refiner, as evidence that the biofuel mandate is too costly and changes are needed. However, ethanol is immensely popular with farmers because it’s largely derived from corn. Agricultural interests argue that any weakening now of requirements to use ethanol would compound the uncertainty felt by farmers after China last week outlined a retaliatory tariff on U.S. soybeans. On Wednesday, U.S. Agriculture Department Secretary Sonny Perdue said farmers are feeling anxiety not only from the possible trade war with China but also because the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is issuing hardship waivers to some small refineries, allowing them to avoid complying with the RFS. Another issue is the price of Renewable Identification Numbers, or RINs, the tradeable credits used to show compliance with the RFS. Refiners have raised concerns about their cost. Some have asked the Trump administration to cap RIN costs, possibly with the EPA selling a lower-priced alternative: an ethanol waiver credit not tied to a blended gallon. “EPA has been assessing the legal validity of granting an E-15 waiver since last summer,” EPA spokeswoman Liz Bowman said in a statement Wednesday. “The Agency has been awaiting a clear outcome from the ongoing RFS discussions with the White House, USDA and Congress before making any final decisions or developing any associated regulatory actions.”
It is frequently necessary during the printing operation to engage and disengage individual rollers with and from other rollers. Individual rollers, e.g., an applicator roller, are engaged in such cases simultaneously with both a plate cylinder and a distributor roller, and a so-called “nip,” i.e., a contact surface, at which the surfaces of the rollers that are in contact with one another touch each other, is formed in the area of the contact between two rollers that are in contact with one another. It is generally preferred that a roller be in contact with a mating roller with the most constant pressure possible. A device for mounting and positioning a roller of a printing press, in which the roller is engaged with at least one mating roller and is mounted on both sides in a bearing shell, is known from the Applicant's DE 198 11 053 A1, whose teaching concerning the mounting and positioning of a roller is included in this application. These bearing shells are connected with a press frame by means of at least one spring element. FIG. 3 shows a so-called intermediate roller 1, which is engaged with two stationary mating cylinders 3 and 4. The intermediate roller 1 is engaged with the mating rollers 3 and 4 usually along the bisecting line of the angle of the triangle formed by the axes of rotation of the rollers 1, 3 and 4, starting from the axis of rotation of roller 1, between the two axes of rotation of the rollers 3 and 4 and it comes simultaneously in contact with the mating rollers 3 and 4.
Q: Is it possible to configure JAX-RS method with variable number of URI parameters? is it possible to configure GET method to read variable number of URI parameters and interpret them either as variable argument (array) or collection? I know query parameters can be read as list/set but I can't go for them in my case. E.g.: @GET @Produces("text/xml") @Path("list/{taskId}") public String getTaskCheckLists(@PathParam("taskId") int... taskId) { return Arrays.toString(taskId); } Thanks in advance A: If I understand your question correctly, the @Path annotation can take a regular expression to specify a list of path components. For example, something like: @GET @Path("/list/{taskid:.+}") public String getTaskCheckLists(@PathParam("taskid") List<PathSegment> taskIdList) { ...... } There's a more extensive example here. A: I am not submitting this as an answer as it is merely an edge case on the currently accepted answer which is what I've also used. In my case (Jersey 1.19) /list/{taskid:.+} would not work for the edge case of zero variable parameters. Changing the RegEx to /list/{taskid:.} took care of that. See also this article (which seems to be applicable). Moreover, upon changing the regexp to cardinality indicator to (instead of +) I also had to deal programmatically with the case of empty strings as I would translate the List<PathSegment> into a List<String> (to pass it into my DB-access code). The reason I am translating from PathSegment to String is that I didn't want a class from the javax.ws.rs.core package to pollute my Data Access Layer code. Here's a complete example: @Path("/listDirs/{dirs:.*}") @GET @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) public Response listDirs(@PathParam("dirs") List<PathSegment> pathSegments) { List<String> dirs = new ArrayList<>(); for (PathSegment pathSegment: pathSegments) { String path = pathSegment.getPath(); if ((path!=null) && (!path.trim().equals(""))) dirs.add(pathSegment.getPath()); } List<String> valueFromDB = db.doSomeQuery(dirs); // construct JSON response object ... }
Q: How to go about breaking table content across multiple lines? I'm trying to make a list of skills for my CV, and I've been trying every which way to get some things to break across multiple lines, to no avail. It just looks like crap. \documentclass{resume} % Use the custom resume.cls style \usepackage[left=0.75in,top=0.6in,right=0.75in,bottom=0.6in]{geometry} % Document margins \usepackage{textgreek} \usepackage{textcomp} \begin{document} \begin{rSection}{Skills} \begin{table}[h] \centering \begin{tabular}{ccc} BSL 2 Aseptic \& Sterile Technique & Polyacrylamide \& Agarose Gel Electrophoresis \\ Cell Culture & SDS-PAGE \\ Streak \& Spread Plating & Western Blotting \\ Light \& Phase-Contrast Microscopy & Chromatography: Column, Thin-Layer, Gas\\ Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) & Protein Isolation/Quantification/Crystallization\\ Restriction Enzyme Digests & Spectrophotometry: Bradford Protein Assay, Lowry Protein Assay, Edelhoch Protein Assay\\ Gram Staining Techniques & Gene Expression Analysis\\ Gene Cloning and Transformation & Coliform Testing (Edvotek, Phenol Red Lactose, Endo-Agar)\\ DNA construct design & Microbial Biochemical characterization (IMViC, Enterotube II, Oxi/Ferm Tube II, Api 20NE, API 20E)\\ DNA & Plasmid Isolation & Spectroscopy: IR \textsuperscript{1}H NMR, Fluorescence\\ Phage P1 Transduction & Chromatography: Column, Thin-Layer, Gas\\ Plaque Assay & Y\\ Antibiotic assay (MIC) & Y\\ Conjugation-based Transformation & Y\\ Plant Single Cell Isolation & Y\\ Plant Tissue Culture & Y\\ \end{tabular} \label{default} \end{table}% \end{rSection} I appreciate the help guys. I would also love it if you could explain what to do in this situation, so I know what to do in the future! I hate to just come here and ask questions upon questions. A: You could create an itemized list as suggested above but if you have a block of text in your table you may be better off creating a paragraph column in your table. You can set things up using the tabular environment: \begin{tabular}{cp{5.0cm}c} where the p{width} creates a vertically top aligned paragraph. There are some problems with the slashes you have in your text. With the way you are doing it, i.e., Protein Isolation/Quantification/Crystallization, LaTeX sees this as one word and does not know how to break them. So it doesn't. You will have to add the \slash{} macro so it looks something like: Protein Isolation\slash{} Quantification\slash{} Crystallization This should allow LaTeX to typeset things properly. I could not get your MWE to run but your tabular code should look like this: \begin{tabular}{cp{5.0cm}c} BSL 2 Aseptic \& Sterile Technique & Polyacrylamide \& Agarose Gel Electrophoresis \\ Cell Culture & SDS-PAGE \\ Streak \& Spread Plating & Western Blotting \\ Light \& Phase-Contrast Microscopy & Chromatography: Column, Thin-Layer, Gas\\ Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) & Protein Isolation\slash{} Quantification\slash{} Crystallization\\ Restriction Enzyme Digests & Spectrophotometry: Bradford Protein Assay, Lowry Protein Assay, Edelhoch Protein Assay\\ Gram Staining Techniques & Gene Expression Analysis\\ Gene Cloning and Transformation & Coliform Testing (Edvotek, Phenol Red Lactose, Endo-Agar)\\ DNA construct design & Microbial Biochemical characterization (IMViC, Enterotube II, Oxi\slash{} Ferm Tube II, Api 20NE, API 20E)\\ DNA & Plasmid Isolation & Spectroscopy: IR \textsuperscript{1}H NMR, Fluorescence\\ Phage P1 Transduction & Chromatography: Column, Thin-Layer, Gas\\ Plaque Assay & Y\\ Antibiotic assay (MIC) & Y\\ Conjugation-based Transformation & Y\\ Plant Single Cell Isolation & Y\\ Plant Tissue Culture & Y\\ \end{tabular} This should give you the breaks you are looking for.
Tuesday, October 7, 2008 Fall Ideas! The leaves here in MN are just about at their prime time leaf lookin' stage! This is one way to preserve those leaves we keep collecting! (at least for a while) 2 sheets of wax paper, a towel (so your counter does not get wax all over it) and leaves. place the leaves between 2 sheets of wax paper, iron and cut into the shape you want. They look so beautiful in the window!! Your kids will love doing this and talking about which ones they picked! If you have an extra wall for art, I always put up a tree right in our school room!! (I even did this when I did daycare) make lots of different kinds of leaves of many colors, use a paper bag for the trunk and lots of tape to put it all up!! Isn't it pretty? We will put all our fall crafts around the tree now. Some of our leaves are collage leaves. Just make strips of paper and have leaves and glue them on! Enjoy fall! The Holy Shroud Please pray for my Little Red Please pray for my little Sweetie Pie About Me I am a Roman Catholic,Homeschooling mother of 6 beautiful children (plus one in Heaven) I have been married for 20 years to the wonderful man God prepared for me. My goal is Heaven where all are Saints, so I pray: Lord, make me a Saint, change what needs changing, work in me and through me. Amen. jamiejo99(at)gmail(dot)com I dedicate this blog to Our Lady. May only good things come of this. "Let no soul, even the most miserable, fall prey to doubt, for, as long as one is alive, each one can become a great saint, so great is the power of God's grace; It remains only for us not to oppose God's action." --St Faustina's Diary 283 "Lord, illumine my intellect to see the truth and give me the strength to follow it."-Venerable Fulton J. Sheen "There are not more than 100 people in the world who truly hate the Catholic Church, but there are millions who hate what they perceive to be the Catholic Church." [The Venerable and Most Reverend Fulton John Sheen] Whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is gracious, if there is any excellence and if there is anything worthy of praise, think about these things.-Philippians 4:8 "All men were born to live. One man was born to die." -Fulton J. Sheen St Michael The Archangel St Michael the Archangel defend us in battle, be our protection against the wickedness and snares of the devil. May God rebuke him we humbly pray, and do thou, oh prince of the Heavenly Host, by the power of God, cast into hell, Satan and all evil spirits who prowl about the world seeking the ruin of souls. Amen.
#include "tool_enter_datum.hpp" #include "common/polygon.hpp" #include "document/idocument_package.hpp" #include "pool/package.hpp" #include "document/idocument_padstack.hpp" #include "pool/padstack.hpp" #include "document/idocument_schematic.hpp" #include "schematic/schematic.hpp" #include "imp/imp_interface.hpp" #include "util/accumulator.hpp" #include <cmath> #include <iostream> namespace horizon { ToolEnterDatum::ToolEnterDatum(IDocument c, ToolID tid) : ToolBase(c, tid) { } template <typename T> T sgn(T x) { if (x < 0) return -1; else return 1; } bool ToolEnterDatum::can_begin() { std::set<ObjectType> types; const std::set<ObjectType> types_supported = { ObjectType::POLYGON_EDGE, ObjectType::POLYGON_VERTEX, ObjectType::POLYGON_ARC_CENTER, ObjectType::HOLE, ObjectType::JUNCTION, ObjectType::LINE, ObjectType::PAD, ObjectType::NET_LABEL, ObjectType::LINE_NET, ObjectType::TEXT, ObjectType::DIMENSION}; for (const auto &it : selection) { types.insert(it.type); } if (types.size() == 1) { auto type = types.begin(); return types_supported.count(type); } else { return false; } } ToolResponse ToolEnterDatum::begin(const ToolArgs &args) { std::cout << "tool enter datum\n"; bool edge_mode = false; bool arc_mode = false; bool hole_mode = false; bool junction_mode = false; bool line_mode = false; bool pad_mode = false; bool net_mode = false; bool text_mode = false; bool dim_mode = false; bool vertex_mode = false; Accumulator<int64_t> ai; Accumulator<Coordi> ac; for (const auto &it : args.selection) { if (it.type == ObjectType::POLYGON_EDGE) { edge_mode = true; Polygon poly = doc.r->get_polygon(it.uuid); auto v1i = it.vertex; auto v2i = (it.vertex + 1) % poly->vertices.size(); Polygon::Vertex v1 = &poly->vertices.at(v1i); Polygon::Vertex v2 = &poly->vertices.at(v2i); ai.accumulate(sqrt((v1->position - v2->position).mag_sq())); } if (it.type == ObjectType::POLYGON_ARC_CENTER) { arc_mode = true; ac.accumulate(doc.r->get_polygon(it.uuid)->vertices.at(it.vertex).arc_center); } if (it.type == ObjectType::HOLE) { hole_mode = true; ac.accumulate(doc.r->get_hole(it.uuid)->placement.shift); } if (it.type == ObjectType::JUNCTION) { junction_mode = true; ac.accumulate(doc.r->get_junction(it.uuid)->position); } if (it.type == ObjectType::LINE) { line_mode = true; auto li = doc.r->get_line(it.uuid); auto p0 = li->from->position; auto p1 = li->to->position; ai.accumulate(sqrt((p0 - p1).mag_sq())); } if (it.type == ObjectType::PAD) { pad_mode = true; } if (it.type == ObjectType::NET_LABEL) { net_mode = true; } if (it.type == ObjectType::LINE_NET) { net_mode = true; } if (it.type == ObjectType::TEXT) { text_mode = true; } if (it.type == ObjectType::DIMENSION) { dim_mode = true; } if (it.type == ObjectType::POLYGON_VERTEX) { vertex_mode = true; ac.accumulate(doc.r->get_polygon(it.uuid)->vertices.at(it.vertex).position); } } int m_total = edge_mode + arc_mode + hole_mode + junction_mode + line_mode + pad_mode + net_mode + text_mode + dim_mode + vertex_mode; if (m_total != 1) { return ToolResponse::end(); } if (edge_mode) { if (auto r = imp->dialogs.ask_datum("Edge length", ai.get())) { double l = r / 2.0; for (const auto &it : args.selection) { if (it.type == ObjectType::POLYGON_EDGE) { Polygon poly = doc.r->get_polygon(it.uuid); auto v1i = it.vertex; auto v2i = (it.vertex + 1) % poly->vertices.size(); Polygon::Vertex v1 = &poly->vertices.at(v1i); Polygon::Vertex v2 = &poly->vertices.at(v2i); Coordi center = (v1->position + v2->position) / 2; Coord<double> half = v2->position - center; double halflen = sqrt(half.mag_sq()); double factor = l / halflen; half = factor; Coordi halfi(half.x, half.y); const auto &uu = it.uuid; bool has_v1 = std::find_if(args.selection.cbegin(), args.selection.cend(), [uu, v1i](const auto a) { return a.type == ObjectType::POLYGON_VERTEX && a.uuid == uu && a.vertex == v1i; }) != args.selection.cend(); bool has_v2 = std::find_if(args.selection.cbegin(), args.selection.cend(), [uu, v2i](const auto a) { return a.type == ObjectType::POLYGON_VERTEX && a.uuid == uu && a.vertex == v2i; }) != args.selection.cend(); if (has_v1 && has_v2) { // nop } else if (has_v1 && !has_v2) { // keep v1, move only v2 auto t = v2->position; v2->position = v1->position + halfi * 2; auto d = v2->position - t; v2->arc_center += d; } else if (!has_v1 && has_v2) { // keep v2, move only v1 auto t = v1->position; v1->position = v2->position - halfi * 2; auto d = v1->position - t; v1->arc_center += d; } else if (!has_v1 && !has_v2) { auto t = v1->position; v1->position = center - halfi; auto d = v1->position - t; v1->arc_center += d; t = v2->position; v2->position = center + halfi; d = v2->position - t; v2->arc_center += d; } } } } else { return ToolResponse::end(); } } else if (line_mode) { if (auto r = imp->dialogs.ask_datum("Line length", ai.get())) { double l = r / 2.0; for (const auto &it : args.selection) { if (it.type == ObjectType::LINE) { Line line = doc.r->get_line(it.uuid); Junction j1 = dynamic_cast<Junction >(line->from.ptr); Junction j2 = dynamic_cast<Junction >(line->to.ptr); Coordi center = (j1->position + j2->position) / 2; Coord<double> half = j2->position - center; double halflen = sqrt(half.mag_sq()); double factor = l / halflen; half = factor; Coordi halfi(half.x, half.y); bool has_v1 = std::find_if(args.selection.cbegin(), args.selection.cend(), [j1](const auto a) { return a.type == ObjectType::JUNCTION && a.uuid == j1->uuid; }) != args.selection.cend(); bool has_v2 = std::find_if(args.selection.cbegin(), args.selection.cend(), [j2](const auto a) { return a.type == ObjectType::JUNCTION && a.uuid == j2->uuid; }) != args.selection.cend(); if (has_v1 && has_v2) { // nop } else if (has_v1 && !has_v2) { // keep v1, move only v2 j2->position = j1->position + halfi 2; } else if (!has_v1 && has_v2) { // keep v2, move only v1 j1->position = j2->position - halfi * 2; } else if (!has_v1 && !has_v2) { j1->position = center - halfi; j2->position = center + halfi; } } } } else { return ToolResponse::end(); } } else if (arc_mode) { if (auto r = imp->dialogs.ask_datum("Arc radius")) { double l = r; for (const auto &it : args.selection) { if (it.type == ObjectType::POLYGON_ARC_CENTER) { Polygon poly = doc.r->get_polygon(it.uuid); auto v1i = it.vertex; auto v2i = (it.vertex + 1) % poly->vertices.size(); Polygon::Vertex v1 = &poly->vertices.at(v1i); Polygon::Vertex v2 = &poly->vertices.at(v2i); Coord<double> r1 = v1->position - v1->arc_center; Coord<double> r2 = v2->position - v1->arc_center; r1 = l / sqrt(r1.mag_sq()); r2 = l / sqrt(r2.mag_sq()); v1->position = v1->arc_center + Coordi(r1.x, r1.y); v2->position = v1->arc_center + Coordi(r2.x, r2.y); } } } else { return ToolResponse::end(); } } else if (hole_mode) { if (auto r = imp->dialogs.ask_datum_coord("Hole position", ac.get())) { for (const auto &it : args.selection) { if (it.type == ObjectType::HOLE) { doc.r->get_hole(it.uuid)->placement.shift = r; } } } else { return ToolResponse::end(); } } else if (junction_mode) { if (auto r = imp->dialogs.ask_datum_coord2("Junction position", ac.get())) { auto [c, rc] = r; for (const auto &it : args.selection) { if (it.type == ObjectType::JUNCTION) { if (rc.first) doc.r->get_junction(it.uuid)->position.x = c.x; if (rc.second) doc.r->get_junction(it.uuid)->position.y = c.y; } } } else { return ToolResponse::end(); } } else if (pad_mode) { Pad pad = nullptr; for (const auto &it : args.selection) { if (it.type == ObjectType::PAD) { pad = &doc.k->get_package().pads.at(it.uuid); break; } } if (!pad) return ToolResponse::end(); if (auto r = imp->dialogs.ask_datum_string("Enter pad name", pad->name)) { for (const auto &it : args.selection) { if (it.type == ObjectType::PAD) { doc.k->get_package().pads.at(it.uuid).name = r; } } } else { return ToolResponse::end(); } } else if (net_mode) { Net net = nullptr; for (const auto &it : args.selection) { if (it.type == ObjectType::NET_LABEL) { auto la = &doc.c->get_sheet()->net_labels.at(it.uuid); if (net) { if (net != la->junction->net) return ToolResponse::end(); } else { net = la->junction->net; } } if (it.type == ObjectType::LINE_NET) { auto li = &doc.c->get_sheet()->net_lines.at(it.uuid); if (net) { if (net != li->net) return ToolResponse::end(); } else { net = li->net; } } } if (!net) return ToolResponse::end(); if (auto r = imp->dialogs.ask_datum_string("Enter net name", net->name)) { net->name = r; } else { return ToolResponse::end(); } } else if (text_mode) { Text text = nullptr; for (const auto &it : args.selection) { if (it.type == ObjectType::TEXT) { text = doc.r->get_text(it.uuid); break; } } if (!text) return ToolResponse::end(); if (auto r = imp->dialogs.ask_datum_string_multiline("Enter text", text->text)) { for (const auto &it : args.selection) { if (it.type == ObjectType::TEXT) { doc.r->get_text(it.uuid)->text = r; } } } else { return ToolResponse::end(); } } else if (dim_mode) { Dimension dim = nullptr; int vertex = -1; for (const auto &it : args.selection) { if (it.type == ObjectType::DIMENSION) { if (vertex != -1) { // two vertices imp->tool_bar_flash("select exactly one dimension point"); return ToolResponse::end(); } vertex = it.vertex; dim = doc.r->get_dimension(it.uuid); } } if (!dim) return ToolResponse::end(); Coordi p_ref = nullptr; Coordi p_var = nullptr; if (vertex == 0) { p_var = &dim->p0; p_ref = &dim->p1; } else if (vertex == 1) { p_var = &dim->p1; p_ref = &dim->p0; } else { imp->tool_bar_flash("select either start or end point"); return ToolResponse::end(); } int64_t def = 0; switch (dim->mode) { case Dimension::Mode::HORIZONTAL: def = std::abs(p_ref->x - p_var->x); break; case Dimension::Mode::VERTICAL: def = std::abs(p_ref->y - p_var->y); break; case Dimension::Mode::DISTANCE: def = sqrt((p_ref - p_var).mag_sq()); break; } if (auto r = imp->dialogs.ask_datum("Dimension length", def)) { switch (dim->mode) { case Dimension::Mode::HORIZONTAL: p_var->x = p_ref->x + (r * sgn(p_var->x - p_ref->x)); break; case Dimension::Mode::VERTICAL: p_var->y = p_ref->y + (r sgn(p_var->y - p_ref->y)); break; case Dimension::Mode::DISTANCE: { Coord<double> v = p_var - p_ref; v = 1 / sqrt(v.mag_sq()); v = r; p_var = p_ref + Coordi(v.x, v.y); } break; } } else { return ToolResponse::end(); } } else if (vertex_mode) { if (auto r = imp->dialogs.ask_datum_coord2("Vertex position", ac.get())) { auto [c, rc] = r; for (const auto &it : args.selection) { if (it.type == ObjectType::POLYGON_VERTEX) { if (rc.first) doc.r->get_polygon(it.uuid)->vertices.at(it.vertex).position.x = c.x; if (rc.second) doc.r->get_polygon(it.uuid)->vertices.at(it.vertex).position.y = c.y; } } } else { return ToolResponse::end(); } } else { return ToolResponse::end(); } return ToolResponse::commit(); } ToolResponse ToolEnterDatum::update(const ToolArgs &args) { return ToolResponse(); } } // namespace horizon
Bleeding symptoms in carriers of hemophilia A and B. In order to investigate the bleeding tendency in clinically identified carriers of hemophilia, a self-administered questionnaire was held among 135 carriers of hemophilia A and B, 25 females with relatives with hemophilia and a matched group consisting of 60 females without relatives with hemophilia. Carriers of hemophilia appeared to suffer more often from bleeding than their relatives or the matched unrelated control group. A relation was seen between factor VIII:C or IX:C activity and the tendency to bleed. Obligatory carriers with normal factor VIII:C levels showed no bleeding tendency and were in this respect similar to a group of 25 females with relatives with hemophilia. This study shows that it is important to assay factor VIII:C or IX:C also in those women in whom the carrier status has already been established otherwise.
Block of volume-regulated anion channels by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. We have used the whole-cell patch clamp technique to study the effects of the commonly used antidepressants sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram and fluvoxamine on the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) in endothelial cells. It was the purpose of the present experiments to investigate whether VRAC block is a general property of this group of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). At pH 7.4, all SSRIs induced a fast and reversible block of the volume-sensitive chloride current ( I(Cl,swell)), with an IC(50) value of 2.1+/-0.5 microM for sertraline, 2.7+/-0.2 microM for paroxetine, 12.3+/-1.4 microM for fluvoxamine and 27.7+/-2.8 microM for citalopram. The block was enhanced at more alkaline pH, indicating that it is mediated by the uncharged form. This study describes the effects of a variety of SSRIs on an anion channel. Our data reveal a potent block and suggest a hydrophobic interaction of high affinity between the uncharged SSRI and volume-regulated anion channels. We conclude that VRAC block is a general property of this pharmacological class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Boulder County health workers are having trouble getting some people to share information needed to track the progress of the coronavirus, at a time when such information is critical to public health and key to the county’s recovery from the ongoing pandemic. “I would say it’s an increasing trend, particularly among our Spanish speaking population of residents,” Boulder County Public Health spokesperson Chana Goussetis. “I think it’s related to immigration status, as well as concerns about joblessness, concerns that if someone is identified as exposed to COVID, that their employer would then fire them, even if they don’t have any symptoms or haven’t tested positive themselves.” More generally, she said, it’s likely some people just aren’t comfortable making a public record of everyone they have been in touch with on a day-to-day basis. “I can’t speak to why people don’t want to share, but I think that could very well be the case, that they don’t want to share everybody they have been with. But it’s very important that we have the information that we can follow up on. It’s really the good way to stop the spread of disease, without keeping everybody home. And we don’t want to do that any longer.” Health officials on Friday emphasized that in order to limit the spread of COVID-19 and subsequent illness, hospitalization and even death, its communicable disease control staff needs those who have been sick to recall and share the details of everyone they have had close contact during the time they may have been infectious. “We just want to reassure people that we don’t share your data with anyone. We don’t share your name with anyone. It’s purely just to stop the spread of the disease. We are not interested in any special activities they may have been sharing with each other.” There are about 30 people, either trained epidemiologists or people working in teams under the direction of such professionals, working to get in touch with those contacts, to inform them of their potential exposure as rapidly and sensitively as possible. “Contacts are provided with education, information, and support to understand their risk, what they should do to separate themselves from others who are not exposed, monitor themselves for illness, and the possibility that they could spread the infection to others even if they themselves do not feel ill,” a news release stated. “We want to reassure residents that we take their privacy very seriously.” County health officials on Friday outlined a number of basic principles that guide their contact tracing work. They include, but are not limited to: Contact tracing is only conducted for contacts of confirmed cases (individuals who have tested positive for the virus that causes COVID-19). To protect patient privacy, contacts are only informed that they may have been exposed to a patient who has tested positive for COVID-19. Public Health will not share the identity of the patient who may have exposed them. Public health staff may provide contacts with information to understand the circumstances of their exposure — such as possible date or location of contact with a COVID-19 positive individual and level of exposure risk — as long as information that identifies the positive individual is not divulged. Public Health may ask contacts for basic information like name, address, and date of birth to confirm identity. Public Health is required to protect the privacy of all patient and contact information it collects during contact tracing activities and use it only for authorized public health purposes. Those contacted by personnel handling the contact tracing, Goussetis said, will never be asked for Social Security information. “We have no need or use for a Social Security number. We have no need or use for financial information,” Goussetis said. “The only time financial information would come into play would be if they tell us they don’t have a home to isolate in, if they need somewhere to stay, or some resources to isolate or quarantine. We would help them with that, but we would never ask how much do they make each year,” she said. “If someone does hear from someone asking that, that would be a red flag.” Additionally, she said, contact trackers will always identify themselves as calling from “Boulder County Public Health.” As of Thursday, 42 of the 55 — 76.4% — of Boulder County residents who have died from the coronavirus were associated with long-term care facilities, according to public health officials. That should not, however, be taken as a sign that younger people should let their guard down, officials caution. County statistics show that the age bracket with the highest number of positive or probable COVID-19 cases is 20-to-29-year-olds, with 133. “It is important to note that individuals associated with long-term care facilities make up less than 30% (225 of the total 794 through Thursday) of our Boulder County residents who have tested positive or are considered probable for COVID-19; emphasizing that the illness is not just impacting our older adults and all people must take the required precautions for themselves and the community as a whole,” Guossetis wrote in an email. “The Safer at Home Public Health Order requires all of us to stay home as much as possible.” Also on Friday, county health officials reported that in addition to the 55 COVID-19 deaths, 806 county residents have tested positive or probable for the coronavirus, 148 people required hospitalization and 316 have recovered from their illness. County epidemiologists have 139 disease investigations ongoing. At the state level, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment data show 1,150 deaths with 3,842 people hospitalized across 60 counties. A total of 21,232 people have tested or probable for the coronavirus, and 119,759 have been tested.
Among the racist jokes and emails found in recently released documents connected to the criminal probe of Gov. Scott Walker’s 2010 campaign, one stood out: A “joke” about a woman trying to sign up her dogs for welfare, because “my Dogs are mixed in color, unemployed, lazy, can’t speak English and have no frigging clue who the r Daddys are. They expect me to feed them, provide them with housing and medical care, and feel guilty.” The punch line: “My Dogs get their first checks Friday.” Walker’s deputy chief of staff Kelly Rindfleisch replied: “That is hilarious. And so true.” Advertisement: The joke is bad enough on its own, but it’s also worth noting: Back when Walker was Milwaukee county executive, and Rindfleisch was a top aide, he managed the county’s welfare programs so abysmally that after lawsuits by local clients, the state was forced to take them over. “They didn’t just call people dogs, they treated them like dogs,” one Milwaukee elected official recalled angrily. "Milwaukee County has demonstrated a sustained inability to successfully provide services to its (poor) customers," state health services director Karen Timberlake wrote in a February 2009 letter to Walker announcing the state takeover. Milwaukee became only one of 72 Wisconsin counties to wind up with its programs for poor people under state control. It’s a chapter in Walker’s career that shows why, to many in Milwaukee, his staff’s racist jokes aren’t funny. Advertisement: * * * At the height of the recession, in 2008 and 2009, requests for aid in Wisconsin, and throughout the country, soared. But in Milwaukee, where 41 percent of African-Americans live below the poverty line, people had trouble getting help. Roughly 95 percent of calls to the county’s client-intake call center went unanswered in 2008, a state probe later found. The social services department budget funded 25 positions at the intake center, but a Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel reporter found only seven staffers working among empty cubicles when he visited. Advocates and the county workers’ union complained, but Walker stonewalled. Aided by the outcry, Walker began arguing for privatizing the social services intake unit. “He was managing it to fail,” charges AFSCME contract administrator Dave Eisner. Advertisement: In June 2008, Legal Action of Wisconsin sued on behalf of thousands of needy people who couldn’t get benefits even though they qualified, because they couldn’t get their eligibility verified. "Milwaukee County has reached a low point in its [welfare] delivery service," Legal Action lawyer Pat DeLessio wrote in a letter to the County Board. "It is almost impossible to get through to anyone on the phone" to apply for or verify benefits. Advertisement: But the problems weren’t just at the call center. In 2008, one out of five food stamp recipients dropped for ineligibility were in fact eligible, and wrongly cut from the program. In 2007, 60 percent of county decisions to cut food or other aid were overturned on appeal within two months. Roughly 30 percent of needy applicants were waiting more than two weeks for aid. Two-thirds of all complaints received by state welfare agencies involved Milwaukee County residents having problems obtaining Medicaid, food aid and child care services. And while the state paid a higher share of Milwaukee’s income-maintenance program costs than in other counties, Walker complained that state funding was inadequate. With the call center problems and need rising, clients took to lining up at county offices for services before they even opened, DeLessio recalled, because by midday workers would declare the building was full, and turn away new applicants. In June 2008 at least 3,000 people showed up before dawn seeking food vouchers in what was later called a “food riot.” "The food crisis in Milwaukee and throughout the United States is worse than many of us have realized," said Milwaukee Common Council president Willie Hines. "We expect long lines for free food in third-world countries." Advertisement: Walker’s answer was to privatize the intake unit and other services. His proposed September 2008 budget featured his privatization proposals, but the county board blocked him. “It was clearly a game – he didn’t give a damn about poor people,” Eisner charges. State officials repeatedly complained about the service inadequacies, and eventually threatened to take the programs away from the county. Politics clearly played a role in the conflict; in 2006 Walker had planned to run for governor against incumbent Democrat Jim Doyle, but soon dropped out of the Republican primary. "I believe that it was God's will for me to run," Walker said at the time. "After a great deal of prayer during the last week, it is clear that it is God's will for me to step out of the race." It was an open secret that Walker was planning another run for governor in 2010, and if his skirmishes with the Doyle administration hurt Milwaukee’s poor, they helped its county executive with the state’s conservative GOP primary voters. After a series of tense meetings between county and state administrators, when it was clear the state was going to take over the anti-poverty programs, Walker made a brazen move. He wrote to state social services director Karen Timberlake and invited the state to take over the county’s income maintenance program. Advertisement: "This is a state mandate," Walker wrote, in a letter he immediately released to the media. "It's amazing state government has been such a lousy partner on this." County board chair Lee Holloway told the Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel that Walker invited the state in, over his and the board-majority’s objection, to preempt the state’s embarrassing announcement that it was taking over Milwaukee’s programs. “Holloway said he thought Walker's letter was meant to upstage state officials ‘before they make a move on him,’” the paper reported. “The county board didn’t want the takeover,” recalls Legal Action’s Pat DeLessio. “There’s a strong system of county control in Wisconsin. But Walker just gave up.” * * * Advertisement: No one was fooled by Walker’s letter. A day after he released it, the state announced its takeover. In her letter to Walker explaining the move, Timberlake wrote that Wisconsin state government "has in fact expended millions of additional dollars and thousands of hours of staff resources to assist your county over a period of years. Despite these efforts, Milwaukee County's performance fails national and state standards and is failing the people of the county." Yet two years after the state took over his social service programs, Walker took over the state as governor. Kelly Rindfleisch, who found the joke about welfare-receiving dogs “hilarious” and “so true,” was Walker’s deputy chief of staff while he was mismanaging the county’s welfare programs. Her boss, chief of staff Tom Nardelli, himself circulated a racist joke about the “nightmare” of waking up black, gay, disabled and HIV-positive while working for Milwaukee County. Against the backdrop of the way Walker treated welfare recipients, their joking is even less funny. Rindfleisch was eventually convicted of illegal campaign activity on public time, a felony conviction that she is appealing. She and Nardelli paid no penalty for enjoying racist jokes on public time.
Excitation of surface plasmons from silver nanowires embedded in polymer nanofibers. We report an excitation of surface plasmons in silver nanowires (AgNWs) which were embedded in flexible polymer nanofibers. Using waveguiding excitation, surface plasmons in AgNWs were excited and propagated. By directing light of 650, 532, and 473 nm wavelengths into the nanofiber, surface plasmons in an embedded single AgNW (average diameter 400 nm, length 4.3 μm) were excited and the corresponding propagation lengths for the three wavelengths are 10.6, 7.7, and 5.1 μm. It was also found that, when a spatially incoherent white light of a halogen lamp with an excitation optical power of 80 μW was coupled into the polymer nanofiber, a surface plasmon mediated interference fringe was observed. In addition, on the basis of surface plasmon excitation, two adjacent AgNWs embedded in the polymer nanofibers were demonstrated to serve as coupled plasmonic waveguides.
DESCRIPTION: This grant will support researching and writing a book that describes and interprets the history of cardiology at the Mayo Clinic. It will also support recording oral histories of past and present staff members whose perspectives will inform the study and be a resource for future historians. Based on extensive research (including rich archival sources), my book will increase understanding of the roles academic centers played in the history of 20th century health care. Rather than a traditional institutional history of limited and local interest, this will be a detailed case study of the invention, growth and impact of one of the nation's oldest, largest and most influential cardiology programs. I will explain how the clinic and its cardiologists reacted to or catalyzed many changes in cardiac care. The focus on cardiology is significant: cardiovascular diseases cause 38.5 percent of all deaths and cost $350 billion annually in the U.S. The text will be organized in a blended chronological-thematic manner that worked well in my book American Cardiology. Now, I shift my focus from the professionalization of cardiology at a national level to heart care at a local level. My new book will illustrate how the care of cardiac patients at Mayo Clinic changed during the 20th century in response to a multitude of medical, scientific, technological, socioeconomic and organizational changes. Mayo became a world leader in patient care, education and research by combining an academic medical center model with a multi-specialty group practice structure that it helped invent. Over the decades Mayo's leaders made decisions about the content and context of patient care in response to many forces that shaped U.S. medicine. Meanwhile, cardiac care innovations diffused rapidly from academic centers to community hospitals; especially after World War II. Mayo cardiologists contributed significantly to this phenomenon with its important implications for patient access and health care costs. They influenced care elsewhere by lecturing and publishing frequently, by training hundreds of new specialists and by sponsoring regional, national and international continuing education programs. They also reported discoveries and new techniques that resulted from ambitious programs of basic, clinical and population research. Part of Mayo's success related to its encouragement of interdisciplinary collaboration (e.g. between cardiologists, heart surgeons, nurses, and scientists) and its emphasis on patient, physician and staff satisfaction.
Blog Traffic April 26, 2008 A strong argument for limiting prosecutorial immunity In this commentary over at Reason, titled "Suing the DA: Should prosecutors be immune from civil lawsuits?", Radley Balko makes a strong case for affording prosecutor only qualified immunity, rather than absolutely immunity, for their official behavior. Here are excerpts from the strong piece: There's plenty of evidence that this [absolute immunity] shield from accountability is allowing some prosecutor's offices to run roughshod over civil rights. The New York-based Innocence Project reports that prosecutorial misconduct played a role in about 40 percent of DNA exonerations over the last decade or so. Such misconduct could include knowingly putting on false testimony, withholding exculpatory evidence from defense attorneys, and coercing witnesses, among other transgressions.... Downgrading prosecutorial immunity would not only go a long way toward puncturing the air of invincibility that pervades some prosecutors' offices, but the discovery process in the cases that are allowed to go forward might reveal other cases of misconduct or wrongful conviction. We shouldn't allow every aggrieved defendant to sue his prosecutor. But in cases where someone is exonerated after being convicted of a crime, where there's clear evidence that something went terribly wrong at trial, and certainly where a single prosecutor has overseen more than one exoneration, allowing civil rights suits against these government officials in their capacity as government employees might shine some needed — if uncomfortable — sunlight on a part of the criminal justice system that has for too long been immune from real accountability. "Fixing our criminal sentencing system" The title of this post is the title of this op-ed from the Boston Globe today. Here are some excerpts: A number of news stories this spring have shown us that the criminal sentencing system is out of line - both in Massachusetts and in the nation as a whole. The United States has not just the highest rate of incarceration in the world, but also one-fourth of all of the prisoners in the world. What has led us to this? And what is it about our priorities that has us spending more on incarceration than higher education?... When you look across the vast spectrum of crimes committed each year, so many of them can be traced back to drug and alcohol abuse and addiction. This is no secret, nor is the fact that more than 20 years of get-tough policies have not made a difference in drug-related crimes.... So what can we do this year, while the budget and the laws are still being written, and before our legislators recess for a season of campaigning? None of these ideas suggest that we should be soft on crime. Rather, they represent measures that are smart on crime in ways that Massachusetts can afford — and will be more effective in reducing future crime than the status quo. Looking at post-Baze realities in Florida Yesterday's broadcast of NPR's "All Things Considered" had this segment titled "Opponents Challenge Death Penalty in Florida." Here is the summary: Florida officials are eager to resume carrying out death penalties following this month's Supreme Court decision, which found that Kentucky's use of lethal injection does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment. State officials say Florida's lethal injection protocols follow what the Supreme Court approved in Kentucky. But attorneys for death row inmates say Kentucky is different from Florida. April 25, 2008 Deep weekend thoughts from SSRN What looks like a deep and interesting paper for weekend reading can be found here via SSRN. The paper is titled "Facing the Consequences: The Abolitionist Challenge," and here is the abstract: I argue that standard consequentialist considerations offered in support of punishment make for a weaker case than is usually assumed. This is because consequentialist arguments for punishment rely on an overly broad conception of punishment that overlooks some of punishment's essential characteristics. I argue in favor of a narrower conception that highlights the possibility of substantive, non-punitive alternatives to punishment capable of securing many of the same good consequences as punishment. In light of this possibility, I argue, Abolitionism, the view that punishment is unjustified, poses a serious challenge to consequentialist justifications of punishment. Intriguing Second Circuit ruling on sentencing rationales Issuing an opinion that is not easily summarized (but involves state-federal disparities and co-defendant disparities), the Second Circuit sends us into the weekend with some thoughtful musings in its sentence reversals in US v. Williams, No. 05-4416 (2d Cir. Apr. 25, 2008) (available here). Here is the first paragraph of the opinion to whet Booker reasonableness appetites: This is an appeal by the United States from judgments, which were entered in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, convicting the defendants Brian Williams and Samuel Shuler on their pleas of guilty to conspiracy to possess with the intent to distribute crack cocaine. The appeal challenges the sentences imposed on the defendants by Judges McMahon and Brieant. Judge McMahon sentenced Williams principally to a period of incarceration of 36 months, and Judge Brieant sentenced Shuler principally to a period of incarceration of 40 months. While the range prescribed by the Sentencing Guidelines is now 57 to 71 months, at the time the sentence was imposed it was 70 to 87 months. The manner in which the significantly lower sentences were justified provides the basis for the appeal. Panty raid involving a sex offender This local story provides a little (perverted?) levity at the end of a long work week: Petaluma police officers seeking an explanation for why women's panties were discovered during a routine search of a male sex offender's home learned the underwear had been acquired from a surprising source. Larry Allen Riebli, 45, is believed to have taken the garments from homes for sale during open houses, police said. Riebli, who is on probation for a conviction for annoying or molesting a child, admitted taking the underwear during a search Tuesday of his Baywood Drive home, police said. The panties were part of a cache of 25 to 30 pairs, about 20 of them purchased from stores, a handful bought from prostitutes and the remainder allegedly taken from houses up for sale, Deputy Sonoma County District Attorney James Patrick Casey said. April 24, 2008 Wesley Snipes gets 3-year max prison sentence urged by prosecutors This ABCNews report indicates that a federal sentencing judge today decided to max out Wesley Snipes for his tax evasion convictions: A Florida judge sentenced the "Blade" movie star to 3 years in jail today. Snipes was convicted of tax fraud in February for not filing his income taxes for at least three years.... In February, a federal jury convicted Snipes on three misdemeanor counts of failing to file a tax return. Jurors acquitted Snipes of felony tax fraud and conspiracy charges that carry more significant punishment upon conviction. Had he been found guilty of all charges filed against him, Snipes could have faced up to 16 years in prison. Thanks to the wonders of the web, everyone can access the defense sentencing memorandum asking for a sentencing of probation at this link. In addition, The Smoking Gun has available here the letters written to the sentencing judge by Denzel Washington and Woody Harrelson. As for predictions, I would guess that the sentencing judge will split the difference here: I do not think Snipes will escape with probation, but I also doubt he will get the three-year max prison term. In other words, I think the smart money would be on a prison sentence somewhere in the range of 12 to 24 months. But I am really just guessing. Why aren't the terrorist pardons during the Clinton Administration garnering more attention from the MSM? Because I look at much of the news from a criminal justice perspective, I find the complaints that the MSM is biased against Senator Clinton to be somewhat comical given the "free pass" she has gotten on a lot of questionable criminal justice decisions made during the Clinton Administration. The most obvious example of these realities comes from the attack on Senator Obama concerning connections to a member of the Weather Underground and toughness on terrorism. If this is a serious campaign issue, the mainstream media ought to be closely re-examining at, and asking Senator Clinton hard questions about, the pardons given during the Clinton Administration to two Weather Underground members and to members of a group of PuertoRican terrorists (FALN). Fortunately, some thoughtful bloggers are trying to make sure these pardon issues does not get lost in all the obsession over Senator Obama. The blog Pardon Power, helpfully, has had an on-going series of effective posts on this front, including recently: My sense from reading these posts (combined with knowing a bit about a lot of ugly stories surrounding President Bill Clinton's various pardon decisions) leads me to think there might by a lot more to discover if the media we to do some serious investigative journalism about these pardons and Senator Clinton's possible input. Sadly, I do not get the sense, even with seemingly endless discussion of the Democratic race, that many in the MSM are seriously trying to develop new stories rather than just recycling the standard narratives. Assessing the constitutional war over the death penalty Edward Lazarus has this new piece at FindLaw, titled "Five Decades of Fighting Over the Constitutionality of the Death Penalty: What Can We Learn from This Lengthy War?". Here is how it starts: These days, when one speaks of a "war without end," the reference is usually to Iraq. But in the legal world, the phrase also provides an apt description of the five-decade-long fight over the constitutionality of the death penalty. Last week's decision in Baze v. Rees, in which the Court rejected a challenge to Kentucky's three-drug protocol for carrying out lethal injections, is just the latest painful yet inconclusive battle. Like the Court's many dozens of death penalty decisions, issued over the last 45 years, the decision in Baze ensures only that the larger war will continue and that the Court's own internal culture will continue to be one of its casualties. USSC has first cut of data on crack retroactivity I am very pleased to report that the US Sentencing Commission has available here the first release of data on the retroactive application of the crack amendment on its website. Here is how the data is described: A set of tables presenting preliminary data on cases in which a motion for a reduced sentence was considered under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2). These cases involve retroactive application of the crack cocaine amendment to the sentencing guidelines (Amendment 706, as amended by Amendment 711) which became effective on November 1, 2007 and which was made retroactive effective March 3, 2008. The data represent cases received and coded by the Commission by April 14, 2008. I have reason to believe that this data will be regularly updated, perhaps every month. Such updates may be very important because, when looking through this data and hearing case-processing stories from different regions, it seems likely that different districts are taking different approaches to the order in which they address crack retroactivity cases. Some districts, it seems, may be trying to process denials before grants, others vice versa, and still others using other methods for case triage. Obviously, different case-processing plans could produce short-term (but perhaps not long-term) differences in district data that do not really represent substantive differences in how these crack retroactivity cases are being adjudicated. UPDATE: A local angle on this data is reported in this local news story, headlined "Western Va. district leads U.S. in resentencing crack cases." Why the government is eager to imprison Wesley Snipes Forbes.com has this new piece, headlined Wesley Snipes And The TaxDef War," which spotlights why the government sees the Snipes case as one of the most important tax evasion cases in recent memory: When Wesley Trent Snipes is sentenced Thursday in an Ocala, Fla., courtroom for willfully failing to file federal income tax returns, more than the 45-year-old star's freedom will be on the line. Also at risk will be the government's efforts to staunch the spread of what it recently re-branded "tax defiers." Tax defiers — or "tax protesters" as they've traditionally been known — glom onto one kooky, discredited theory or another as to why the income tax is illegal or doesn't apply to them personally or doesn't cover their normal sources of income. (Example: Only foreign income, or only earnings of federal employees are taxable.) They typically file returns showing zero income or simply stop filing. Sometimes, they also put in claims for refunds of taxes they paid before their conversions, as Snipes did. Just this month Nathan J. Hochman, the assistant attorney general in charge of the U.S. Department of Justice Tax Division, launched a new national initiative (TAXDEF for short) to bolster and better coordinate criminal and civil actions against tax defiers. Why now? Hochman said in an interview he's worried that defiers are now spreading their ideas "virally" through the Web. "They're not just based in some small cities and having meetings in motel conference rooms with a relatively small number of participants," he said. "They can promote their product across the United States literally overnight in a way that was physically impossible to do back in the mid 1990s." Criminal convictions are particularly important, Hochman observed, because word of them "spreads virally" too. "To lose one of these cases has significance as much as winning it does," he added. While the government didn't exactly lose the Snipes case, it wasn't a pure win either. On Feb. 1, a jury acquitted him of two felony charges related to false refund claims and three of six misdemeanor failure-to-file charges, finding him guilty of not filing his 1999, 2000 and 2001 returns. (Two Snipes co-defendants who sold him the tax protest ideas were convicted on felony charges. At the trial, Snipes' lawyers argued he was a victim who took and believed the bad advice of others.) Federal prosecutors now say Snipes should get the maximum three-year prison term allowed for his convictions, not only because of the amount of money involved — $14 million in gross unreported income in 1999, 2000 and 2001 alone — but also because of the problematic publicity generated by the split decision in his case. Daniel R. Meachum, a Georgia attorney representing Snipes, told Forbes he'll argue that Snipes "does not need to be incarcerated. He is not some criminal that poses a threat to society." Meachum added that Snipes has made arrangements to pay the amount of back taxes his forensic accountants believe is owed. He declined to say how much that is, but acknowledged that it is not a number that has been agreed to by the government. In their sentencing memo, prosecutors contend that the decision "has been portrayed in the mainstream media as a 'victory' for Snipes," and urge the judge to "send a message that Snipes did not 'beat the rap.' " To back up their claim, the prosecutors cite a New York Post headline: "Snipes is Now Tax-Free, Beats Heavy Rap and Walks With Wrist $lap." Even worse, the prosecutors assert, "Snipes' fellow tax defiers have been emboldened by his alleged 'victory' in this case." The defiers, the government says, consider the split decision "as a vindication of anti-tax theories and a 'win' that will attract additional converts into their movement." Examining America's affinity for incarceration Adam Liptak has this new piece in the New York Times, headlined "Inmate Count in U.S. Dwarfs Other Nations’." Here are excerpts: The United States has less than 5 percent of the world’s population. But it has almost a quarter of the world’s prisoners. Indeed, the United States leads the world in producing prisoners, a reflection of a relatively recent and now entirely distinctive American approach to crime and punishment. Americans are locked up for crimes — from writing bad checks to using drugs — that would rarely produce prison sentences in other countries. And in particular they are kept incarcerated far longer than prisoners in other nations. Criminologists and legal scholars in other industrialized nations say they are mystified and appalled by the number and length of American prison sentences.... There is little question that the high incarceration rate here has helped drive down crime, though there is debate about how much. Criminologists and legal experts here and abroad point to a tangle of factors to explain America’s extraordinary incarceration rate: higher levels of violent crime, harsher sentencing laws, a legacy of racial turmoil, a special fervor in combating illegal drugs, the American temperament, and the lack of a social safety net. Even democracy plays a role, as judges — many of whom are elected, another American anomaly — yield to populist demands for tough justice. Whatever the reason, the gap between American justice and that of the rest of the world is enormous and growing..... Of course, sentencing policies within the United States are not monolithic, and national comparisons can be misleading. “Minnesota looks more like Sweden than like Texas,” said Mr. Mauer of the Sentencing Project. (Sweden imprisons about 80 people per 100,000 of population; Minnesota, about 300; and Texas, almost 1,000. Maine has the lowest incarceration rate in the United States, at 273; and Louisiana the highest, at 1,138.) April 22, 2008 New paper on blended juve sentencing Now appearing on SSRN is this interesting new piece providing an empircal perspective on a "new juvenile sentencing innovation, blended sentencing." The piece is titled "Who Gets a Second Chance? An Investigation of Ohio's Blended Juvenile Sentence," and here is the abstract: During the early 1990s, many state legislatures made sweeping changes in the dispositional and sentencing options available to juvenile courts, including the introduction of a new juvenile sentencing innovation, blended sentencing. Blended sentencing emerged during a period of steadily increasing violent juvenile crime as a compromise between those who wanted to emphasize public safety, punishment, and accountability of juvenile offenders and those who wanted to maintain or strengthen the traditional juvenile justice system. The purpose of the present paper is to examine the practice of blended sentencing in Ohio. Our objective is to identify the factors that influence the probability that juvenile offenders will be processed as conventional juvenile or as blended sentencing cases (referred to as a Serious Youthful Offender or SYO in Ohio) or transferred to the adult criminal justice system. Using data from over 600 juvenile cases in Ohio, we propose a multinomial regression model to predict factors associated with the various dispositional case processing options. From these data we found, that, all other things being equal, non-white juvenile offenders were significantly less likely than white offenders to be SYOs as opposed to being transferred. While some policy makers advocate that blended sentencing options as are currently in use be discontinued, we suggest that the most promising option to rationalize the use of blended sentencing and to avoid disparities in its use is to incorporate the principal of risk in its application. Big efforts to reverse Second Circuit white-collar sentence reversal Last month, as detailed in this post, the Second Circuit issued a long opinion in US v. Cutler, No. 05-2516 (2d Cir. Mar. 17, 2008) (available here), which reversed a pair of below-guideline sentences for white-collar offenders as procedurally and substantively unreasonable. As documents in the series of filings set forth below, both defendants who had their below-guideline sentences reverse andthe New York Council of Defense Lawyers are urging the Second Circuit to rehear this case en banc. A counsel(-less) perspective on crack retroactivity This news article, headlined "Failure emerges in call for shorter crack sentences: Many inmates are not given lawyers," reports on an interesting (and troublesomely disparate) aspect of the implementation of the USSC's new crack guidelines: As federal courts begin deciding whether thousands of prisoners should receive shorter crack cocaine sentences, some judges are telling convicts that they won't get lawyers to help them argue for leniency. As a result, some prisoners are being left to argue on their own against skilled prosecutors, raising questions about fairness in cases that already have been widely perceived as unjust. The recalculations come after a 20-year debate over racial disparities in cocaine sentences. Most crack cocaine defendants are black; most powder cocaine defendants are white and receive much less severe sentences. In what's seen as a first step toward addressing the disparity, the U.S. Sentencing Commission issued new recommendations last year for lighter penalties. But many of the 20,000 eligible prisoners say they're too poor to hire lawyers to ask for shorter sentences. Many judges have appointed federal defenders to represent poor prisoners, saying it ensures the requests will be handled efficiently. Judges have the sole authority to appoint those attorneys. Other judges, however, have said attorneys aren't needed for what should be a straightforward sentencing matter. The right to an attorney after criminal indictment and during trial and sentencing is undisputed. But several federal appeals and district courts have concluded that judges generally don't have to appoint attorneys for convicted criminals who are seeking corrected sentences. Without lawyers, some defendants with legitimate requests will be overlooked, said federal defenders who are screening many of the crack cocaine cases. "We're being left to fend for ourselves," said Eyvonne Garrett, 40, a prisoner in Ft. Worth, Texas, who was denied an attorney and a shorter sentence. "Without an attorney, we don't have a voice."... Jason Hawkins, an assistant federal defender in Dallas, said Garrett appeared to be making a legitimate argument but couldn't compete against experienced prosecutors. "Not appointing counsel allows the government to run over people as if they're mere speed bumps in this process," he said. "A litigant with very little schooling is not going to be able to go up against a career prosecutor filing 24-page briefs." UPDATE: Steve Sady now has this long post on this topic at the Ninth Circuit Blog. The post's heading provides a sense of his perspective: "Counsel Required For Fair And Efficient Implementation Of The Retroactive Crack Amendment." Federal prosecutors going hard after Wesley Snipes' tax "advisors" This local article provides the latest news coming from the upcoming sentencing of Wesley Snipes and his co-defendants for tax evasion. Here are some details: Federal prosecutors are seeking a prison term of 10 years for Eddie Ray Kahn, one of two co-defendants of actor Wesley Snipes in a tax evasion scheme. In a sentencing memo filed Sunday, Robert E. O'Neill, U.S. Attorney for the Middle District of Florida, called on Senior U.S. District Judge William Terrell Hodges to sentence Eddie Ray Kahn to 10 years in prison. O'Neill also sought a sentence for a second co-defendant, Douglas Rosile, of between six and eight years. On Feb. 1, an Ocala jury found Snipes guilty of three counts of willfully failing to file tax returns, but also acquitted him of felony conspiracy and tax fraud charges and three additional counts of failure to file. The jury convicted Kahn and Rosile on the same felony charges. All three men are scheduled to be sentenced at 9:30 a.m. Thursday. O'Neill is seeking a sentence of three years in prison for Snipes — the maximum possible — and a fine of at least $5 million against the actor. Snipes was a member of Kahn's Mount Dora-based American Rights Litigators. Prosecutors have described ARL and its successor company, Guiding Light of God Ministries, as nothing more than illegal tax-evasion schemes.... In the sentencing memo for Kahn and Rosile, O'Neill described both men as "incorrigible tax offenders for whom significant prison sentences are warranted." The memo indicates Kahn formed and sold memberships in ARL, even after he was convicted of willfully refusing to file his own returns and served a three-year prison term.... The memo notes that at least nine other members of ARL or Guiding Light of God Ministries have been convicted in separate criminal tax cases around the country, and that at least two more such trials are pending. Because of Snipes' celebrity, the sentences imposed in the case could "increas(e) tax compliance on a national scale," the memo said. "This may be particularly true of the many customers of tax-defiance organizations, who cannot all be criminally prosecuted due to limited government resources." Of course, the constitutionality of capital child rape is being contemplated by the Supreme Court right now in the Kennedy case. And headlines like these might make it just a bit more likely that the Justices will not prevent from expanding the death penalty in this way. Interesting historical look at the length of prison sentencing Recently appearing on SSRN is this interesting new piece providing a distinct window into a notable period in the history of prisons and prison sentences. The piece is titled "The Origin of Long Prison Sentences in America: A Case Study of Pennsylvania, 1829-1865," and here is the abstract: Penal historian David J. Rothman has described early American prison sentences as "very long" while French emissaries Gustave de Beaumont and Alexis de Tocqueville, writing in 1833, described the American penitentiary system as "severe." Though there exists a rich body of literature interpreting the birth of the prison, few scholars have written on the length of prison sentences that accompanied this birth. Using the length of prison sentences assigned to 1,727 convicts sentenced to the Eastern State Penitentiary in Pennsylvania in a dozen years falling between 1829 and 1865, this study investigates how long prison sentences were in Pennsylvania, what factors (race, age, gender, nationality, state of origin, recidivist status) affected sentence length, and how sentence length changed over time. Additionally, it compares Pennsylvania‘s sentence lengths to other American states to determine how representative Pennsylvania‘s prison sentences were of American prison sentences generally. Finally, it compares Pennsylvania‘s sentence lengths to those of Great Britain. While acknowledging the difficulty in comparing prison sentence lengths of different penal regimes in different states or countries, this study determines that Pennsylvania generally distributed shorter sentences than most other American states, but longer sentences than those in Great Britain. These quantitative differences are then situated in the "American exceptionalism" debate regarding contemporary penality in the United States and abroad. Can we thank Judge Posner for the latest ACCA cert grant? I see now from this post at SCOTUSblog that the Supreme Court's new ACCA case on its docket comes from the Seventh Circuit in a case in which, as detailed here, Judge Posner was in fine form. The case is US v. Chambers, and SCOTUSblog as all the cert papers assembled here for those interested in seeing the back-story for the latest trip into ACCA-land. Eleventh Circuit reverses sentence "impermissible factor" The Eleventh Circuit has reversed a short probation revocation sentence US v. Velasquez, No. 06-16637 (11th Cir. Apr. 21, 2008) (available here) because the judge relied on an "impermissible factor." Here are the highlights: Wilber Guillermo Velasquez Velasquez appeals his nine-month sentence for violation of his supervised release. Velasquez’s sole argument on appeal is that his sentence was based on the district court’s disapproval of the fact that immigration officials had released him on bond pending the outcome of his asylum proceedings. Velasquez argues that the district court exceeded its statutory sentencing authority by basing his sentence on this fact. We agree. Whether he should have been detained or released during the pendency of his immigration proceedings was a matter for an immigration judge to decide, and the district court lacks jurisdiction over immigration matters. We vacate his sentence and remand for resentencing.... In reviewing the reasonableness of a sentence imposed after conviction, we review de novo, as a question of law, whether a factor considered by the district court in sentencing a defendant is impermissible. United States v. Clay, 483 F.3d 739, 743 (11th Cir. 2007). “A sentence that is based entirely upon an impermissible factor is unreasonable because such a sentence does not achieve the purposes of § 3553(a).” United States v. Lorenzo, 471 F.3d 1219, 1221 (11th Cir. 2006). Here, the district court imposed Velasquez’s sentence as if it were reviewing (and overturning) the IJ’s decision to release Velasquez on bond pending his immigration proceedings. However, the district court lacks the authority to do so. Another ACCA case and the Baze aftermath from SCOTUS Lyle Denniston in this post at SCOTUSblog provides a report on the SCOTUS order list this morning, which includes yet another ACCA cert grant and some of the post-Baze fall-out: The Supreme Court agreed on Monday to rule on the government’s power to impose “anti-dumping” import fees on foreign goods that are re-manufactured from U.S. raw materials, and returned to the U.S. at a low price. The Court also granted a second case, testing whether a failure to report to prison that leads to a conviction for escaspe can be the basis for enhanced sentencing under the Armed Career Criminal Act. In a series of orders following up its ruling last week allowing states to use the lethal injection method of capital punishment, the Court simply denied review of 11 appeals by death-row inmates. Justic e John Paul Stevens noted in two of the case that denial of review was not the same as a rejection of the inmates’ legal challenges on the merits. Although some inmates have claimed that the procedure in their states differs in some ways from the procedure upheld by the Court in Baze v. Rees, the Court did not order lower courts in any of the 11 cases to reconsider and take Baze into account. Looking at the Justices' methods in Baze At FindLaw, Michael Dorf has this new essay, titled "How the Supreme Court's Lethal Injection Ruling Elevates Appearances Over Reality." Here is how it starts: Last week, in Baze v. Rees, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected a constitutional challenge to Kentucky's administration of the death penalty via lethal injection. To say that the case divided the Justices would be a gross understatement. There was no opinion for the Court as a whole, and the nine Justices wrote a total of seven separate opinions. In the short term, the Baze decision will result in the resumption of executions, which had been subject to a de facto moratorium since the Court agreed to hear the case. In the long term, the decision's likely impact is unclear. The controlling opinion of Chief Justice Roberts finds insufficient evidence in the record to support a conclusion that Kentucky's administration of its three-drug lethal injection poses a "substantial risk of serious harm," and thus to warrant the Court's ruling that it constitutes cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment. However, the Chief Justice's opinion leaves open the possibility that such evidence might be found in a different case from a different state. For the next few years, therefore, we are likely to see challenges to the application of lethal injection in various states, and eventually the issue may return to the Supreme Court. Whatever the ruling's ultimate practical impact may be, however, the Baze decision is important for the mode of reasoning the Court employs. The controlling opinion by Chief Justice Roberts — joined by Justices Kennedy and Alito — appears to endorse the proposition that the state can expose people to an increased risk of an excruciating death on what amount to merely aesthetic grounds. April 20, 2008 "Retributive Justice in the Real World" The title of this post is the title of an interesting-looking article by Professor Michael Cahill, available at this link. Here is the abstract: In 2003, Attorney General John Ashcroft announced a set of Department of Justice (DOJ) policies designed to curtail federal prosecutors’ discretion to plea bargain. The new DOJ rules sought to ensure uniform criminal punishments and prevent criminal offenders from cutting deals to avoid deserved punishment. Yet the would-be ban on bargaining seems to have had little, if any, effect. Such a result is hardly surprising, as the policy’s spirit of pursuing justice at all costs, however noble, is unworkable if the pursuers cannot actually pay all costs. Limitations of budget, resources, or evidence inevitably demand some compromises, such as a tradeoff between seeking the maximum punishment for each offender and ensuring some punishment for all offenders. Because Ashcroft’s memorandum could not articulate clear rules for how or when prosecutors could take these practical constraints into account, the result was more business as usual: unguided and unreviewable exercises of prosecutorial discretion in individual cases. Both the adoption and the failure of the DOJ antibargaining policy underscore a significant but often-ignored difference between the two major theories of criminal law, utilitarianism and retributivism. The policy reflected the aspirations of a retributive-justice agenda, seeking fair, uniform, and deserved punishment for all offenders. Yet the policy also reflected the limitations of such an agenda, highlighting its restricted scope relative to that of the rival utilitarian theory. In a meaningful way, utilitarianism provides a complete theory of criminal justice, while retributivism apparently does not. "The Eighth Amendment is a jurisprudential train wreck" is how Benjamin Wittes justifiably started this terrific article, entitled, "What is cruel and unusual?", appearing in the December 2005-January 2006 issue of Policy Review. I basically agreed then, and still agree now, with this attack by Wittes on modern Eighth Amendment jurisprudence: The Supreme Court's case law has left the amendment without coherent meaning. No principle guides its reach. No methodology solemnly pronounced in any case do the justices predictably follow in the next. A punishment upheld today can be, without alteration, struck down tomorrow with no justice even admitting that his or her mind has changed. The justices no longer even pretend to examine whether a punishment offends the amendment's textual prohibition. Instead they apply perhaps the single most impressionistic test ever devised by the court: whether the challenged practice has run afoul of "the evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing society." Unsurprisingly, nine judges of wildly different politics, temperaments, and backgrounds do not generally agree on the standards or the methodology for assessing society's maturation, much less its substance. For this reason (and some others), I have been hoping (as suggested here) that Chief Justice Roberts might come to the Court with some fresh ideas for a stale and rotting jurisprudence. Consequently, I was very excited to read the oral argument transcript in the Kennedy child rape case to discover that the Chief was a very active questioner. From the transcript, I got the impression that the Chief is troubled by the Court's standard state-counting approach to "evolving standards of decency" most recently applied in Atkins and Roper. In addition, because I believe it is valuable and important to distinguish between offense conduct and offender characteristics in all areas of sentencing jurisprudence (as explained in this Stanford L. Rev. article), I was especially excited to see the Chief exploring an offense/offender distinction for Eighth Amendment adjudication (see tr. at pp. 19-20). I very much like the idea that the Justices ought to be very deferential to legislatures concerning what offenses merit harsh punishments, but much less deferential as to what offenders merit harsh punishment. I am hoping (perhaps foolishly) that the Chief will use the Kennedy case as an opportunity to try to re-engineer Eighth Amendment jurisprudence along these lines. District Judge finds AWA registration provision unconstitutional Thanks to this piece from the Orlando Sentinel, I see that US District Judge Gregory Presnell late last week reach a notable constitutional conclusion about the Adam Walsh Act's sex offender registration provisions. From the news report: An Orlando federal judge has ordered the release of two jailed, out-of-state sex offenders who moved to Florida, ruling that part of the Adam Walsh Act requiring their registration is unconstitutional. U.S. District Judge Gregory Presnell on Friday ruled that the 2006 federal law requiring state sex offenders to register with law-enforcement officials when they move across state lines was largely a local issue. The ruling, made in two unrelated sex-offender cases pending in Orlando, led to the dismissal of charges against Robert D. Powers, 43, and Tommy William Buckius, 60, both of Orlando.... The ruling in US v. Powers, No. 6:07-cr-221-Orl-31(M.D. Fla. April 18, 2008), is available at this link. Here is Judge Presnell's concluding paragraph: As the Government notes, the Adam Walsh Act was enacted with a commendable goal — to protect the public from sex offenders. However, a worthy cause is not enough to transform a state concern (sex offender registration) into a federal crime. If an individual’s mere unrelated travel in interstate commerce is sufficient to establish a Commerce Clause nexus with purely local conduct, then virtually all criminal activity would be subject to the power of the federal government. Surely our founding fathers did not contemplate such a broad view of federalism. Accordingly, the Court finds that the adoption of the statute under which Defendant is charged violates Congress’ power under the Commerce Clause and is, therefore, unconstitutional. The government will surely appeal this ruling, and I know some other district courts have already upheld the constitutionality of these provisions of the AWA. It will only be a matter of time before we get some circuit law (and perhaps some circuit splits) on the reach and application of the AWA. Stay tuned.
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to scuba tank retaining devices and more particularly pertains to a new tank retaining device for inhibiting a scuba tank from slipping downwardly in reference to a buoyancy control device. 2. Description of the Prior Art The use of scuba tank retaining devices is known in the prior art. U.S. Pat. No. 4,804,218 describes a device for facilitating transport of scuba tanks when not actively in use. Another type of scuba tank retaining devices is U.S. Pat. No. 5,271,387 for coupling an auxiliary tank to a main tank. While these devices fulfill their respective, particular objectives and requirements, the need remains for a device that secures a scuba tank, when in use, from slipping downwardly.
Q: How do I discover on what server the app.psgi process is running? Is there a way to discover on what server app.psgi is running? For example, I am looking for some idea for how to solve the next code fragment from app.psgi: #app.psgi use Modern::Perl; use Plack::Builder; my $app = sub { ... }; my $server = MyApp::GetServerType(); # <--- I need some idea for how to write this... given($server) { when (/plackup/) { ... do something ... }; when (/Starman/) { ... do something other ... }; default { die "Unknown" }; } $app; Checking the PLACK_ENV environment variable is not a solution... A: Short answer, inspect the caller: #app.psgi # use Modern::Perl; use feature qw(switch say); use Carp qw(longmess); use Plack::Builder; my $app = sub { return [ 200, [ 'Content-Type' => 'text/plain' ], [ 'Hello World' ] ]; }; # This hack gets what we need out of the call stack my $stack = longmess("Stack:"); # say STDERR $stack; given($stack) { when (/plackup/) { say STDERR "Server: plackup" }; when (/Starman/) { say STDERR "Server: starman" }; default { die "Server: Unknown" }; } return $app; However, doing this in the app.psgi will make your code less portable. If you die on an unknown server people won't be able to run your code in an unknown location. Also, be aware that this code may be run multiple times depending on how the server is implemented so any side effects may occur multiple times. For example, here is the output for plackup: plackup --app /usr/lusers/bburnett/dev/trunk/getserver.psgi Server: plackup HTTP::Server::PSGI: Accepting connections at http://0:5000/ So far so good. But here is the output for starman: starman --app /usr/lusers/bburnett/dev/trunk/getserver.psgi 2014/02/21-16:09:46 Starman::Server (type Net::Server::PreFork) starting! pid(27365) Resolved [*]:5000 to [0.0.0.0]:5000, IPv4 Binding to TCP port 5000 on host 0.0.0.0 with IPv4 Setting gid to "15 15 0 0 15 20920 20921 20927" Server: starman Server: starman Server: starman Server: starman Server: starman Here it gets run once for the master and once per child (defaults to four children). If you really want something different to happen for these different servers a more robust way may be to subclass them yourself and put the code into each subclass passing -s My::Starman::Wrapper to plackup and starman as needed. If you really want a switch statement and to put the code in one place, you could look into writing some code that calls Plack::Loader or Plack::Runner. Take a look at the source for plackup, and you'll see how it wraps Plack::Runner. Take a look at the source for Plack::Loader, and you'll see how it gets the backend to run and then loads the appropriate server class.
Q: Django model form save (multi database) question another noob Django question. The below both work for me, is there any difference or anything I should be aware of ? I'm using Django 1.2.5. Thanks. o = Staff() form = StaffForm(request.POST, instance=o) if form.is_valid(): o.save(using='dbName') o = Staff() form = StaffForm(request.POST, instance=o) if form.is_valid(): f = form.save(commit = False) f.save(using='dbName') A: The first example does not work - it doesn't update the instance from the form. Use the second.
366 Mich. 296 (1962) 115 N.W.2d 81 TALBOT v. STOLLER. Docket No. 85, Calendar No. 49,109. Supreme Court of Michigan. Decided May 17, 1962. 297 Markle & Markle, for plaintiff. Moll, Desenberg, Purdy, Glover & Bayer, for defendant Raymond Stoller. OTIS M. SMITH, J. Leave to appeal was granted from an order denying plaintiff's motion to file an amendment to her declaration. The trial judge ruled that the proposed amendment stated a new cause of action and hence is barred by the statute of limitations. The declaration charges the defendants with negligence and malpractice which allegedly occurred during the month of April, 1958. The limitation on actions for malpractice is 2 years. CLS 1956, § 609.13, subd 3 (Stat Ann 1959 Cum Supp § 27.605, subd 3). At the pretrial hearing on August 22, 1960, plaintiff requested permission to file an amendment to her declaration, which plaintiff claimed would do no more than make more specific the charges already presented in her declaration. The portions which plaintiff sought to add by amendment are italicized in the paragraphs set forth below; the balance of the paragraphs and of the declaration would remain unchanged. "6. That notwithstanding his duties the defendant Raymond Stoller did carelessly prescribe and negligently administer the aforesaid injections and treatment to plaintiff without need or necessity therefor and without first making adequate blood and other studies to determine that plaintiff could not take oral iron when defendant knew or should have known of the dangers involved, including the danger of sarcoma; and he did fail to heed and follow 298 the warnings, directions, and instructions of the manufacturer concerning the use of the said preparation `Imferon'; and he did permit untrained and incompetent and improperly advised nurses, assistants or employees to administer hypodermic injections into plaintiff's arm; contrary to the plain warnings, directions and instructions of the manufacturer of the preparation used." The second of the 2 paragraphs which plaintiff sought to amend would appear as follows: "11. That as a direct and proximate result of the lack of care and skill of defendants Raymond Stoller, and Ray Stoller and Irvin J. Kurtz, co-partners, doing business as Redford Medical Center, and Raymond Henkin, M.D., their agents, servants and employees, as aforesaid, plaintiff has suffered a large and disfiguring area of discoloration on her upper right arm measuring approximately 4 by 3 inches which will in all probability be permanent; and which has caused and will ever cause her to be deprived of many pleasures and amenities of life and to suffer extreme shame and humiliation; and that `Imferon' has carcinogenic properties or tendencies and that plaintiff is subjected to the danger of sarcoma induction and the mental anguish attendant therewith." The question presented is whether or not the italicized material states a new cause of action which is barred by the statute of limitations. Appellant concedes that if the proposed amendments constitute a new cause of action they are barred by the statute. Appellant contends that the proposed amendments do not constitute a new cause of action because they are explanatory of the same controversy and injury. She says that the cause of action is the controversy or the injury. On the other hand, appellees argue that the cause of action is the related sequence of wrongful acts or omissions which are the proximate 299 cause of damage or injury. Appellees claim that the theory of the amendments is different from that of the original declaration and likewise the evidence required to support it. Appellant cites many cases in support of his position. We think, however, that it would serve no useful purpose to list all such cases and the reasons why we think they are not controlling. Appellant places great reliance on our decision in the case of Muskegon Hardware & Supply Company v. Green, 343 Mich 340. In this case, the compensation carrier sued the defendant who was alleged to be responsible for the employee's injuries. After the statute of limitations had run, the widow and administrator of the deceased employee's estate were added as additional parties plaintiff. This Court said (pp 346, 347): "The primary question in this case is whether the addition of the parties added a new cause of action barred by the statute of limitations. From the quoted provisions of the statute it is apparent that the addition of the employee or his dependents or his personal representative neither changes nor unduly enlarges upon the liability of the defendant to the employer or insurer, or at all. The entire question arose out of a single occurrence the death of George E. Eggers as a result of the alleged negligence of the defendant. The extent of recovery permitted by the act, the theory of the action, the issues, the evidence, the measure of damages and amount of recovery, as well as the final disposition of the proceeds can be the same whether the employee or his dependents or personal representative are parties or not. Therefore a new cause of action was not added and the amendment dates back to the date of the institution of the suit." Appellant reads the Muskegon Hardware & Supply Company Case to mean that the test of whether 300 an amendment states a new cause of action depends upon whether or not it is the same injury rather than whether plaintiff presents a different theory. She says, as in the Muskegon Hardware & Supply Company Case, the entire question in the instant case "arose out of a single occurrence", the injections of "Imferon" "as a result of the alleged negligence", and of malpractice of the defendants. It is obvious that the "single occurrence" which the Muskegon Case refers to is not only the death of George E. Eggers, which was the injury in that case, but also that the death was a result of the alleged negligence of the defendant. This was the cause of action. The case also sets out the various tests which were used to determine whether or not the proposed addition of new parties stated a new cause of action. It stated that the extent of recovery, the theory of the action, the issues, the evidence, the measure of damages and amount of recovery, as well as the disposition of the proceeds, could be the same and for that reason a new cause of action was not added by the amendment. In determining what is appellant's cause of action as stated in the declaration without the proposed amendments, we bear in mind that a pleading must be construed as an entirety. It is clear that appellant rested her claim on the alleged negligence of the defendants in failing to use reasonable care and skill in her treatment; that there was a failure to heed the warnings, directions, and instructions of the manufacturer concerning the use and administering of said preparation Imferon, and in the failure to select, hire, and to instruct medical assistants who could administer Imferon, in a skillful and careful manner. What is of especial note is that 1 of the elements of negligence which the appellant stated in her declaration was the failure on the part of the defendants or their agents or employees to warn the 301 appellant of the possibility of disfigurement. All of the allegations of negligence should be read in connection with what the appellant originally claimed as her injury, that is, disfigurement and the consequent shame and humiliation. This points up appellant's original theory. Appellant would now have us conclude that the amendments cited above, in context, are but amplifications of the original cause of action. This, we are unable to do. It seems quite clear that appellant's original theory of the case cannot be reconciled with the proposed amendments. The original theory is that by negligently administering the drug Imferon, disfigurement, shame, and humiliation resulted. The proposed amendments would inject into the case a new theory that there was no necessity for the injections in the first place, which the appellees should have known. As a result of this alleged negligence, there is a claim that the appellant is subjected to the danger of sarcoma induction and that the injury is the mental anguish which the appellant will suffer as a result of an awareness of this possibility. Even when viewed from appellant's theory that the injury is the cause of action, it would seem that her appeal would have to fail because the injuries alleged are different. By the other test, emphasized in the Muskegon Hardware & Supply Company Case, the amendments cannot be allowed. Certainly, the theory of the action, the issues, the evidence, and the measure of damages would not be the same if the amendments were allowed. See Stowe v. May, 217 Mich 566. A similar situation was before the Court in Beckoff v. Curtis, 241 Mich 553. The declaration in that case claimed unskillful and negligent treatment by the injection of alcohol into the sciatic nerve. The proposed amendment was based on the failure to advise the patient of the possible consequences of the 302 treatment. This Court said (p 553): "That the `second theory' of the plaintiff, as stated by the court, did state a cause of action different in the nature of the liability and of the proofs needed to support it from that stated in the declaration, quoted above, cannot be doubted." We conclude in the instant case that the proposed amendments are different in the nature of the liability and of the proofs needed to support them, and therefore a new cause of action was stated, which is barred by the statute of limitations. Affirmed, with costs to appellees. CARR, C.J., and DETHMERS, KELLY, BLACK, KAVANAGH, and SOURIS, JJ., concurred. ADAMS, J., took no part in the decision of this case.
import logging from owtf.config import config_handler from owtf.plugin.params import plugin_params DESCRIPTION = "Sends a bunch of URLs through selenium" CATEGORIES = ["RCE", "SQLI", "XSS", "CHARSET"] def run(PluginInfo): Content = [] logging.info( "WARNING: This plugin requires a small selenium installation, please run '%s' if you have issues" % config.get_val("INSTALL_SCRIPT") ) args = { "Description": DESCRIPTION, "Mandatory": { "BASE_URL": "The URL to be pre-pended to the tests", "CATEGORY": "Category to use (i.e. " + ", ".join(sorted(CATEGORIES)) + ")", }, "Optional": {"REPEAT_DELIM": config_handler.get_val("REPEAT_DELIM_DESCRIP")}, } for args in plugin_params.get_args(args, PluginInfo): plugin_params.set_config(args) InputFile = config_handler.get_val("SELENIUM_URL_VECTORS_" + args["CATEGORY"]) URLLauncher = ServiceLocator.get_component( "selenium_handler" ).CreateURLLauncher( {"BASE_URL": args["BASE_URL"], "INPUT_FILE": InputFile} ) URLLauncher.run() return Content
External validation of a web-based prognostic tool for predicting survival for patients in hospice care. Prognostat is an interactive Web-based prognostic tool for estimating hospice patient survival based on a patient's Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) score, age, gender, and cancer status. The tool was developed using data from 5,893 palliative care patients, which was collected at the Victoria Hospice in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, beginning in 1994. This study externally validates Prognostat with a retrospective cohort of 590 hospice patients at LifePath Hospice and Palliative Care in Florida, USA. The criteria used to evaluate the prognostic performance were the Brier score, area under the receiver operating curve, discrimination slope, and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Though the Kaplan-Meier curves show each PPS level to be distinct and significantly different, the findings reveal low agreement between observed survival in our cohort of patients and survival predicted by the prognostic tool. Before developing a new prognostic model, researchers are encouraged to update survival estimates obtained using Prognostat with the information from their cohort of patients. If it is to be useful to patients and clinicians, Prognostat needs to explicitly report patient risk scores and estimates of baseline survival.
Deutsche Bank’s decision to quit trading in most commodity markets is another sign of the excess capacity across the commodity-trading sector and likely foreshadows further consolidation over the next two to three years. Deutsche, rated one of the top five commodity banks globally, will cease trading in energy, agriculture, base metals, coal and iron ore, while retaining its precious metals business and popular index funds...............................................Full Article: Source
Charge state separation for protein applications using a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. A novel method for separating ions according to their charge state using a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer is presented. The benefits of charge state separation are particularly apparent in protein identification applications at low femtomole concentration levels, where in conventional TOF MS spectra peptide ions are often lost in a sea of chemical noise. When doubly and triply charged tryptic peptide ions need to be filtered from singly charged background ions, the latter are suppressed by two to three orders of magnitude, while from 10-50% of multiply charged ions remain. The suppression of chemical noise reduces the need for chromatography and can make this experimental approach the electrospray equivalent of conventional MALDI peptide maps. If unambiguous identification cannot be achieved, MS/MS experiments are performed on the precursor ions identified through charge separation, while the previously described Q2-trapping duty cycle enhancement is tuned for approximately 1.4 of the precursor m/z to enhance intensities of ions with m/z values above that of the precursor. The resulting product ion spectra contain few fragments of impurities and provide quick and unambiguous identification through database search. The multiple charge separation technique requires minimal tuning and may become a useful tool for analysis of complex mixtures.
Ultrasonic imaging of complex specimens by processing multiple incident angles in full-angle synthetic aperture focusing technique. In the evaluation of large-scale metallic specimens, X-ray CT suffers from limited penetration, which results in artifacts in the reconstructed image. Data fusion of information obtained by different modalities allows correction of those artifacts. In this contribution, an approach is presented to provide complementary data of the inner pattern of the specimen by ultrasonic testing in immersion mode. To process an ultrasonic imaging full-angle synthetic aperture focusing technique, data are acquired along the a priori known contour of the specimen. Substantial discrepancies in speed of sound between the couplant and the material of the specimen lead to refraction effects which are corrected by a virtual source element method. Furthermore, several incident angles at each virtual source are utilized to achieve an enhanced detectability of inner structural edges. However, arising reverberations limit image quality and must be suppressed by predictive deconvolution. Additionally, a subspace analysis and projection method is utilized to remove echoes of the a priori known surface in the reconstructed image which potentially mask information of near-surface structures. In comparison with exclusively perpendicular insonification, resulting images show a significant enhanced possibility of detection for inner structural edges even in adverse orientations for ultrasonic imaging. Furthermore, surface echoes and reverberations are suppressed by the proposed filter methods in a reliable way.
// Copyright DApps Platform Inc. All rights reserved. import Foundation import WebKit final class ScriptMessageProxy: NSObject, WKScriptMessageHandler { weak var delegate: WKScriptMessageHandler? init(delegate: WKScriptMessageHandler) { self.delegate = delegate super.init() } func userContentController(_ userContentController: WKUserContentController, didReceive message: WKScriptMessage) { self.delegate?.userContentController( userContentController, didReceive: message) } }
The three-mile walk at Longbranch Park in Geddes raised $123,321, said Jared Paventi, director of communications for the association. The money from the walk – which beats last year’s amount by more than $1,200 – will pay for Alzheimer’s care and research. Approximately 45,000 people in Central New York – including 14 counties – have Alzheimer’s disease, said Catherine James, CEO of the Central New York chapter of the Alzheimer’s Association. “And if you move that circle of influence further, it’s hard to find someone who isn’t affected by the disease,” James said. David Lysack, of Liverpool, has watched his father-in-law struggle with Alzheimer’s disease for six years. “He’s one of the smartest men I know … to see him struggle to remember things like how to use a lawn mower is hard,” said Lysack. “If you haven’t witnessed that, you don’t know just how horrible it is.” Lysack said the walk offered some hope. He and his coworkers from Cspeed of Liverpool raised $2,255 for the walk. “You see that you are not alone in this thing,” he said. Others like Dorothy Reilly, 82, took a flight from Queens to support the event. “I can’t walk,” said a grinning Reilly, pointing toward her cane. “But I’ve been coming up for this for about five years now. I do it for my brother and my family.” This year’s walk drew the most people to ever attend an Alzheimer’s Association event in the Syracuse area. The Alzheimer’s Association will accept donations for the walk through Nov. 1. Donations can be made at mwsyr.kintera.org. Peter Chen / The Post-StandardBecky Knapp (left), of Syracuse and her friend, Anne Mills, of Rochester, were among those taking part in today's Memory Walk. Knapp's grandmother and Mills' mother suffer from the disease.
Q: User friendly tool for internationalization in CakePHP 1.3 I have a multi language website written in CakePHP 1.3 and I'm currently in the process of adding a new language. I have the original .pot file and I generated a new .po file for the given language. So far so good, it's all working, however, now someone has to do the actual translation. I've send them the relevant .po file with explanations what to do but they seem to have problems dealing with plain text file. Is there a user friendly tool or piece of code that would actually allow them to translate the phrases one by one, without having to deal with text files? A: You need a po editor. There are many out there for various platforms. Some free, some not. They usually provide a simple interface for viewing all the available translation strings and adding the translation next to them without need for viewing the po file in a text editor. My understanding is that many translators are familiar with this type of software so may already have one installed. Check out this Stack Overflow question and answers for suggestions:- What good alternatives to poEdit are there?
What Happens When Your Water Catches Fire? Yes, It Can Happen Jeff Deasy, founder of American Feast reports on the threat to New York City’s water supply from natural gas drillers. Yes folks, once again, we learn that natural gas may not be the “clean” fuel they promised. The ordinary tap water available to 12 million residents in the New York Metropolitan area has been reliably clean and flavorful since 1842, when an aqueduct was built to bring pristine water from upstate to the city. For years the prideful city’s water is a consistent winner in blind taste tests. Easy to take for granted, it comes as a shock to learn it is now endangered by natural gas drilling. For a couple of years there have been media reports from Pennsylvania to Texas of drinking water so tainted that folks are able to light the water from their kitchen tap on fire. There have been more than 300 instances of contaminated water in Colorado since 2003, and more than 700 instances in New Mexico, according to Bruce Baizel, senior staff attorney with Earthworks’ Oil & Gas Accountability Project. In West Virginia a once lushly forested area has been transformed into a dead zone. Fracking in Gasland Josh Fox made the Sundance award-winning documentary “Gasland” after he was asked to lease his land for gas drilling. That led him to embark on a cross-country odyssey. As the website for the show “Now” on PBS explains, his journey led to a film that “alleges chronic illness, animal-killing toxic waste, disastrous explosions, and regulatory missteps.” It will be broadcast on HBO through 2012. The DVD goes on sale in December of 2010. “Gasland” shows tap water being set ablaze and explores the drilling process known as fracking, or hydraulic fracturing, a technology developed by Halliburton. Millions of gallons water, chemicals and sand are injected into the ground under high pressure, cracking shale and tight rocks to allow gas to flow more freely from the well. It is a toxic mixture and believed to be the prime culprit in the pollution of groundwater in areas surrounding drilling sites. Even drinking water hundreds of miles from a well can be contaminated. Hundreds of Thousands of New Wells Coming It is hard to believe that risking the health of millions in order to extract natural gas would even be considered, but the N.Y.S. Department of Environmental Conservation is close to issuing a final Supplemental Generic Environmental Impact Statement on gas drilling using hydraulic fracturing near a major watershed in upstate New York. The SGEIS is expected to facilitate the process for fracking near a vital watershed. Concerned citizens are asking for a delay until DEC can study and integrate the conclusions of a full report on gas drilling from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Residents of New York are not alone in facing a future threat to the safety of their drinking water. According to an article published by ProPublica in December of 2009: In the next 10 years, the United States will use the fracturing technology to drill hundreds of thousands of new wells astride cities, rivers and watersheds. Cash-strapped state governments are pining for the revenue and the much-needed jobs that drilling is expected to bring to poor, rural areas. Keep Drinking Water Safe Incredibly, a loophole exempts natural gas drilling from the Safe Drinking Water Act. Drilling companies don’t even have to disclose the almost 600 chemicals that might be used in fracking and find their way into drinking water. Fortunately, our friends at Food & Water Watch have provided a way for concerned citizens to make their voices heard by contacting elected representatives. Food & Water Watch is a nonprofit consumer organization that works to ensure clean water and safe food. The organization challenges abuse of food and water resources by empowering people to take action.
The role of physical and psychological symptoms in desire for death: a study of terminally ill cancer patients. The current study assessed the attitudes of the desire for hastened death in terminally ill cancer patients and whether these are determined by their physical and psychological symptoms. The final sample consisted of 106 terminally ill cancer patients attending a Palliative Care Unit, in University of Athens, Greece, between June and October 2004. Significant associations were found between the desire for hastened death (D.H.D.) and 'pain' (r=0.469, p<0.005), 'fatigue' (r=0.591, p<0.0005), 'loss of appetite' (r=0.622, p<0.0005) and 'feeling sad' (r=0.635, p<0.0005). Statistically significant associations were also found between Schedule of Attitudes towards Hastened Death (SAHD) scores, age (r=0.300, p=0.002) and ECOG (p<0.0005). Twenty-six percent of the patients reported high D.H.D. while 41% reported moderate desire. In the prediction of SHAD the contribution of 'pain' (p=0.011), 'lack of appetite' (p=0.012) and 'sadness' (p=0.011) is high (42% of variance). Further findings suggest that D.H.D. is significantly related to 'feeling sad', 'lack of appetite', 'pain' and 'fatigue' after controlling for age, gender and performance status according to ECOG in terminally ill cancer patients.
Some U.S. critics have described the pregame Super Bowl ad from Volkswagen of America as offensive and culturally insensitive, apparently seeing the commercial that hit the web on Monday as an echo of segregation-era depictions of white people posing as happy-go-lucky black folk. Jamaica's population is predominantly black. On NBC's "The Today Show," Barbara Lippert, editor-at-large at mediapost.com, said she believed the commercial was racist because it was "just saying that black people are happy." New York Times columnist Charles M. Blow said during an appearance on CNN that the advertisement was like "blackface with voices." But the charged reaction has met with puzzlement in Jamaica, which has very visible white, Asian, Middle Eastern and mixed-race minorities that also often speak with the local accent. The island's government has endorsed the commercial, which shows an ebullient white worker from the U.S. state of Minnesota trying to cheer up glum colleagues with a Jamaican patois accent because he is so happy with his Volkswagen. At the start of the commercial, he paraphrases the lyrics to late reggae icon Bob Marley's "Three Little Birds" as he tells his co-workers: "No worries, mon. Everyting will be all right." On Wednesday, opposition lawmaker Edmund Bartlett said the television ad "is a perfect illustration of Jamaican culture's global reach and our uncharacteristic penchant to be happy even in challenging situations." Tourism Minister Wykeham McNeill said he believes the Super Bowl commercial has the potential to increase tourist arrivals. "I think this is a very creative commercial which truly taps into the tremendous appeal that brand Jamaica and its hospitable people have globally," McNeill said in a late Tuesday statement. At a Kingston bus stop, office assistant Jennifer Blake said she saw the Volkswagen advertisement online and thought it was amusing to see an American trying to speak patois. "I'm not sure why people would think it was offensive or anything," she said Wednesday, adding that many of her friends have shared links to the commercial on social media. Nearly all islanders, regardless of class, can speak and understand the country's patois. Jamaica's official language is standard English, but many people cannot speak it. Those who speak standard English fluently, mostly people from the middle and upper classes, tend to use patois for emphasis or to affect a down-to-earth persona. A representative for Volkswagen of America said Wednesday morning that the company has no plans to pull the Super Bowl spot. "As of this morning, we received no consumer calls or complaints about our ad. In fact, we've only received positive endorsements," Scott Vazin, a company spokesman, said in an email.
We’re No. 1s Ranking the top 30 starters in baseball Getty Images One of the great mysteries of baseball is this: Just how many No. 1 starters are there anyway? You might assume, with there being 30 teams, that there must be 30 No. 1 starters. But nobody in the game sees it that way. Whenever I’m in a town, I ask the GM, the manager, a player or someone in the local media to name the No. 1 starters in the game. I’ve now done this 25 or so times around baseball, and based on the responses it appears there are only 10 or so No. 1 starters in the game at any given time. Give you an example: St. Louis’ Lance Lynn. Would you consider Lance Lynn to be a No. 1 starter? He has never received even a single Cy Young vote. He was selected for just one All-Star Game, and that was three years ago after he got off to a hot start. He is on a three-year, $22 million contract, meaning he’s getting paid less over three years than eight different pitchers this year. Is Lance Lynn a No. 1 starter? Absolutely he is. It’s not even close — right now, I rank him as the 13th-best starting pitcher in baseball. That’s not just a No. 1 starter, but it makes him one of the better No. 1 starters in the game. How did I come up with this ranking? Well, I would tell you, but to be honest it has so many working parts that even I’m not sure anymore. I can tell you that I ranked every starter in the game based on several categories — wins, wins above replacement (WAR), fielding independent pitching (FIP), strikeouts, walks, and so on. I used last season and this season’s performances, and I place a heavier emphasis on this year. I also borrowed from Bill James’ World’s No. 1 Starting Pitching Rankings, which he updates on his site. Mine’s a mishmash system, I admit. Still, when it was done, I had what I think is a pretty good list of the 30 best starters in baseball. And when you rank pitchers 1 to 30, here’s what you find: There are a lot of pitchers out there you would not call No. 1 starters. But they are anyway. Group 1 — the obvious choices. Here are the top 10 starters, the ones most around baseball would concede are No. 1 starters: 1. Clayton Kershaw, Los Angeles Dodgers — I was in Los Angeles last year for Game 1 of the Division Series … and it was perhaps the most inexplicable thing I’ve ever seen in baseball. Through six innings, Kershaw was Kershaw. He did give up a home run in the first inning to Randal Grichuk, and he gave up an other solo shot to Matt Carpenter in the sixth, so that was a little bit unusual. But that was it. He dominated the Cardinals otherwise. He struck out eight — five in a row in the fourth and fifth innings — and seemed master of the world, like usual. And then, it was like an unforeseen storm rolled in. It wasn’t just that he gave up four singles in a row, then a strikeout, another single, a strikeout and a double before getting yanked for Pedro Baez (who gave a walk and homer to complete the eight-run Dodger nightmare). It was the way those hits looked; the Cardinals just teed off on Kershaw like he was a pitching machine. Every one of those hits was absolutely crushed. It was like, between innings, Kershaw had been replaced by his twin brother Ozzie. There has been speculation that Kershaw was tipping his pitches, and maybe he was (though one scout told me that Kershaw stopped mixing his pitches and was just suddenly throwing everything over the middle of the plate). But the larger point is this: Clayton Kershaw is the best starter in the world, no doubt about it, and he’s one of the best in baseball history. Even so: His playoff ERA is 5.12, his teams have lost eight of the 11 games he has started. You can come up with your own theories about WHY Kershaw’s postseason performances have been so disappointing but it just shows the conundrum of the No. 1 starter. General managers believe they need a No. 1 come playoff time. But will a No. 1 starter pitch like that in October? Who knows? 2. Max Scherzer, Washington Nationals — You know, Scherzer is only a year or so younger than his former teammate Justin Verlander. And in 2011 when Verlander had his MVP season — winning pitching’s Triple Crown and dominating as few have, Scherzer had a 4.43 ERA. The league slugged .455 against him. Who then would have bet that four years later, Scherzer would be the megastar and Verlander would be fighting just to save his career? Pitching — especially starting pitching — is such a fickle business. 3. Zack Greinke, Los Angeles Dodgers — Another favorite Greinke story: He was fairly new to the Kansas City Royals, and he was sitting on the bench when teammate Jeremy Affeldt gave up a home run. After the inning was over, Affeldt came to the bench, and he was steaming. He was grumping to the people around him about how it really wasn’t that bad a pitch; the guy had guessed right but it wasn’t that bad a pitch. “No, actually, it was a bad pitch,” Greinke said. Affeldt looked over at Greinke. You have to understand, there are few nicer people than Jeremy Affeldt. He said, “Thanks, Zack.” “No,” Greinke said. “Really. It was a terrible pitch. I went back and looked at it on the video. It was right over the middle of the plate. It was a really bad pitch.” Affeldt looked over at Greinke again and kind of smiled a bit. “Thanks, Zack,” he said again. 4. Chris Sale, Chicago White Sox — Sale this year is striking out 11.6 batters per nine innings; if he can bulk that up a little bit he has a chance to join Pedro Martinez and Randy Johnson as the only pitchers in American League history to strike out 12 per nine innings. And he might need to bulk it up because right now the league is hitting .323 against him on balls in play, meaning that he’s getting little defensive support, he’s getting unlucky or both. 5. Corey Kluber, Cleveland Indians — Kluber leads the American League in pitcher losses this year, and his ERA is a full run worse than it was last year, so it’s easy to assume that he’s having a brutal follow up to his Cy Young season. But in truth, he’s pitching almost exactly the same. His strikeout to walk ratio is better, his WHIP is almost exactly the same, the league is hitting about the same against him as last year. The differences seem to be that he is giving up a couple more home runs, the Cleveland defense behind him has been brutal and the Indians are scoring less than three runs per game for him. 6. Felix Hernandez, Seattle Mariners — It’s not entirely clear what has happened to Hernandez the last couple of months. He went through a terrible stretch in June and in his last time out gave up seven runs in 6 2/3 innings. But the guy has been such a consistent force that you have to believe that it’s just a blip. 7. Johnny Cueto, Kansas City Royals — The Royals have gone on this incredible two-year run without a dominant starting pitcher. This year, they have the best record in the American League with their top two starters (Edinson Volquez and Chris Young) being journeymen they picked up in unnoticed offseason deals. General manager Dayton Moore still believes in the power of the No. 1 starter in the postseason, especially after he watched Madison Bumgarner tear his team apart in the World Series. That’s why he got Cueto. Right now, Cueto looks like a three-month rental (though it’s not impossible the Royals will try to sign him), but he will be entertaining for Royals fans — he’s one of the best pitchers in baseball to watch. Will he be a difference-maker in October? That’s a harder question to answer. 8. Madison Bumgarner, San Francisco Giants — Maybe he should be higher on the list based on his postseason performance last year. I suspect that if Bumgarner was available, Dayton Moore would have traded for him before Johnny Cueto. Bumgarner gets it done with a heavy low-90s fastball while mixing in good sliders and curveballs. There’s really nothing tricky about facing him. He comes at you, throws strikes, challenges you at every turn. He overpowered the Royals in the World Series last year in every sense of the word. They knew EXACTLY what was coming. They just couldn’t hit it. 9. David Price, Toronto Blue Jays — The Jays are all in now, having picked up Price and Troy Tulowitzki in deadline deals. On the surface, it seems like a good bet for Toronto. The Yankees lead the American League East and it does feel like they are being held together by old yarn and twine. The Blue Jays have scored nearly 60 more runs than any other team in baseball and that was BEFORE they added Tulo. And with Mark Buehrle and R.A. Dickey, they have a couple of starters who (believe it or not) are in the conversation for being No. 1 starters. But just because it SEEMS like the time to go all in doesn’t mean it’s going to work. The Blue Jays’ bullpen is poorly constructed, they don’t play especially good defense, and they were exactly .500 through 100 games. Price is sensational and he’s having his best season since the 2012 Cy Young campaign. The Blue Jays probably need to play .650 baseball the rest of the way to guarantee a playoff spot. Can Price get them there? 10. Dallas Keuchel, Houston Astros — Here you go, a dominant starting pitcher who tends to throw his fastball in the high 80s. It’s that middling fastball that made people consistently overlook him, and I guess many people still do. He was a seventh-round pick out of Arkansas, he never did too much in the minor leagues, and he has never shown much ability to get the strikeout, this in the age of the strikeout. But he developed this devastating slurve/slider/sinker/sledgehammer pitch that nobody seems able to hit in the air. Hitters are hitting 63.5 percent of Keuchel’s pitches on the ground, by far the highest percentage in the American League (King Felix is next at 55.9 percent), and when you hit the ball on the ground you are (A) not hitting home runs; (B) not often getting extra-base hits; (C) not hitting anything close to .300. The league has hit .211 against Keuchel with only eight homers all year. He doesn’t walk hitters so they can’t count on that either. He’s also a Gold Glove-winner, so they can’t plan on bunting an awful lot. It’s like Keuchel surrounds hitters and gives them no escape routes. Group 2 The next 10 are pitchers that people in baseball will argue about as No. 1 starters. 11. Jon Lester, Chicago Cubs — He’s one of the highest-paid pitchers in baseball and one of the highest paid athletes in the world, but baseball people seem mixed when I ask if he’s a TRUE No. 1 starter. I think this is in part because baseball people put a lot more emphasis on won-loss record than I do. Lester’s won loss record since 2012 is 46-41. His 3.58 ERA over the time doesn’t get baseball people too excited either. But Lester is a terrific pitcher, striking out a batter per inning, maintaining a 4-to-1 strikeout-to-walk, keeping the ball in the ballpark and rarely missing a start. 12. Sonny Gray, Oakland Athletics — The A’s motto: Pitch Sonny Gray and for rain you must pray. 13. Lance Lynn, St. Louis Cardinals — If you want to talk about the most underrated player in baseball, Lance Lynn would probably not be in the discussion. That’s because he’s too underrated to even be viewed as underrated. Somehow, though, the last two years, the Cardinals have won 31 of the 52 games he’s started. He doesn’t fool around out there; Lynn throws his fastball 85 or so percent of the time, the highest in baseball. But it has enough movement that he has only given up seven homers all year. You will see some bigger names below him — including Cole Hamels — and think that this ranking is too high. But the numbers are pretty clear. Lance Lynn is one of the best pitchers in baseball. 14. Jordan Zimmermann, Washington Nationals — People who watch Zimmermann and Stephen Strasburg pitch on a regular basis are consistently astounded at the different approaches. Strasburg futzes a lot out there, seems uncomfortable, does not exude the confidence that a 6-foot-4, 230-pound man with a 95-mph fastball should have. And Zimmermann just seems to pitch with all the confidence in the world. He doesn’t strike people out (though he does throw in the low-90s), he doesn’t have a killer pitch (though he does have an effective slider), he doesn’t have the imposing physical stature of a guy like Strasburg. He just goes out, throws his best stuff and doesn’t overcomplicate matters. A former major-league pitcher named Al Fitzmorris once told me that whenever he would get too many doubts in his head, he would watch hitters take batting practice. And what you watch batting practice, you find that they don’t hit every ball over the fence. They don’t hit the ball on a line every time. They hit plenty of ground balls and pop-ups and bloopers. And that’s against BATTING PRACTICE pitching. The point being: Hitting is hard. Sure, sometimes hitters will beat your best stuff. But other times, they’ll whiff on ordinary stuff. Zimmermann’s great strength seems to be that, unlike Strasburg, he doesn’t try to be Superman. Clark Kent can get outs too. 15. Cole Hamels, Texas Rangers — We talked a little earlier about the Blue Jays’ gamble in the American League East. The Rangers’ gamble in trading for Hamels seems even riskier. The Rangers are just not a very good team. They have the highest ERA in the league. The lineup is pretty good but not sensational. And, unlike the American League East where only the Yankees are playing well, the Astros and Angels are both pretty good. To be perfectly honest, I don’t get it. I’m also not sure how well Hamels will pitch in the American League and in that hitters ballpark in Texas. Nothing about that move seems well-considered to me. The Rangers are desperate to get back into the big baseball conversation, and this is a bold move. As my old friend Bob Dutton used to say when the Kansas City Royals made curious moves back in the 2000s: “Hey, it COULD work.” 16. Chris Archer, Tampa Bay Rays — In 2008, the Cleveland Indians traded Archer to the Cubs for Mark DeRosa. That was dumb. In 2011, the Cubs traded Archer to Tampa for Matt Garza. That was dumb too. Archer has a 95-mph fastball, a ridiculous slider that ranks with Keuchel’s for the league’s best, he strikes out 11 per nine innings, hardly walks anybody, and the league is hitting .206 against him. But his record this year is 9-8, and his record last year was 10-9, and so few seem to realize that this guy is a force of nature. 17. Jake Arrieta, Chicago Cubs — How many of these guys in the second 10 are you looking at and thinking: “Oh yeah, he’s a No. 1 starter?” And look, we’re only on No. 17. Arietta came over to the Cubs in what seemed a minor trade-deadline deal with the Orioles, and ever since then he has been sensational. He has a 4-to-1 strikeout-to-walk ratio and he has allowed 14 home runs since the beginning of the 2014 season. 18. Jacob deGrom, New York Mets — How does a 6-foot-4 pitcher with a 95-mph fastball and nasty slider go in the ninth round of the draft? Well, heck, even HE did not know he was a pitcher until his junior year at Stetson University. He’d been a shortstop with a good arm and not much of a bat. His junior year at Stetson, he was informed that he was now also a relief pitcher, and when he got people out he became a starting pitcher. The Mets scout liked the way the ball jumped out of his hand or something like that. That’s why they took him the ninth round. And you know what? The scout was right. The ball does jump out of his hand. 19. Adam Wainwright, St. Louis Cardinals — Wasn’t sure where to rank him because of the injury. But no list of No. 1 starters is complete without him 20. Gerrit Cole, Pittsburgh Pirates — He was the first pick in the 2011 draft, so everyone suspected that this was coming. But it might have taken a little longer than expected. Florida’s Jose Fernandez and Oakland’s Sonny Gray were taken below him in that draft and became superb major-league starters before Cole did. He’s pitching like a No. 1 starter now for Pittsburgh. Like most of the other top guys he has the 95-mph fastball, but the key to his success seems to be the absurd movement he gets on his pitches. He’s had guys swing at pitches that end up two feet outside the strike zone. His slider is one of the hardest and best in baseball. Group 3 And the next 10 … well, I suspect you’ll be surprised to see who might technically qualify as a No. 1 starter. 21. Jose Quintana, Chicago White Sox — He’s 6-9 with a 3.52 ERA. Last year, he was 9-11 with a 3.32 ERA. How in the world could he be considered one of the best starting pitchers in the game? Well, the won-loss record is an illusion, the White Sox have only scored three runs a game for his this year — he had quality starts in six of his losses and has four other quality starts where he got no decision. And he does what you want a pitcher to do. He has 116 strikeouts against only 28 walks, he keeps the ball in the ballpark, he tends to go deep into games, and he endures pitching in front of one of the worst defenses in baseball. 22. Jeff Samardzija, Chicago White Sox — Can the White Sox really have three No. 1 starters (with Sale and Quintana) and be under .500? Answer: Absolutely. The Royals, as mentioned, have had zero No. 1 starters and have the best record in the American League. Starting pitching just doesn’t mean what it used to mean. When it comes to regular season baseball in 2015, if you gave me a choice of the league’s best rotation or the league’s best bullpen, I think I’d take the bullpen. The last five years Samardzija has a 32-44 record, so nobody I asked in baseball considers him a No. 1 starter. But I’ve added up the numbers (and I included won-loss records in there just to satisfy the baseball purists) and I’m telling you that when you look at everything — his excellent strikeout-to-walk ratio, his ability to go deep in games — there’s no way he’s NOT one of the 30 best starters in baseball. 23. Jose Fernandez, Miami Marlins — He has made 13 starts in the last two seasons, so it’s kind of absurd to include him on this list. But he has been so dominant in his injury plagued three seasons that it would be even more absurd not to include him on here. When healthy, he’s one of the 10 best starters in the game for sure. And he’s only 23 (as of Friday). 24. John Lackey, St. Louis Cardinals — He’s having his best season since the mid-2000s. It really is true: Something happens to veteran starting pitchers when they come to St. Louis. 25. Francisco Liriano, Pittsburgh Pirates — By Fangraphs numbers, he has the most effective slider in baseball. And because of this, he has the lowest contact percentage in baseball; more people swing and miss at Francisco Liriano pitches than any other. With Liriano, health is always an issue. Control is always an issue. Consistency is always an issue. But when he’s healthy and right, he might be hitters least favorite pitcher to face. 26. Scott Kazmir, Houston Astros — Another trade deadline acquisition. He leads the American League in ERA. What a wild career it has been. He led the league in walks at 21, led the league in strikeouts at 23, was out of baseball at 27, and now at 31 has a 2.10 ERA and is allowing just 6.5 hits per nine innings. 27. Shelby Miller, Atlanta Braves — The Braves have scored just 2.71 runs per game for Miller, which explains the poor won-loss record (5-8) but he has a 2.44 ERA, he has thrown two shutouts, and he attacks hitters with perhaps the game;s best cutter. 28. Tyson Ross, San Diego Padres — He’s still trying to figure things out. He’s got a quick, but straight, fastball that hitters tend to hit. He’s got a crazy slider that moves so much even he doesn’t know quite what to do with it (he leads the league in walks). He plays for a mediocre taem that doesn’t score many runs for him or play especially good defense behind him. But he strikes out 10 per nine innings — only Liriano, Kershaw and Sale get more swings and misses than him — he almost never gives up a home run and he seems virtually indestructible. If you’re looking for the next breakout star, it might be this guy. 29. James Shields, San Diego Padres — It hasn’t been a good season for Shields, but in my system he still ranks as one of the 30 best starters in the game. He is actually striking out a career high 10 per nine innings — no doubt this is boosted by his move to the National League — but his walks are also up and he’s giving up the long ball. 30. Mark Bueherle, Toronto Blue Jays — What’s left to say about Buehrle? He doesn’t strike out anybody and doesn’t walk anybody. He throws an 84 mph fastball, and a 79 mph changeup. He gives up loads of hits because everybody puts the ball in play against him. He fields his position brilliantly and nobody even tries to steal a base against him because of his insane pickoff move. And somehow it all adds up to a guy who throws 200 innings a year and wins games. Buehrle now has 210 victories in his career, which is more than Hall of Famers Bob Lemon and Don Drysdale, among others. No one I know considers Buehrle a No. 1 starter. And, to be honest, he didn’t have to make the Top 30. There were others with similar credentials — Phil Hughes, Chris Tillman, Edinson Volquez, Garrett Richards, Mike Leake, Yovani Gallardo and others including his teammate R.A. Dickey But Buehrle came up 30th on my list, and I think he proves the point: A No. 1 starter might not mean what you think it means. Joe Posnanski Posnanski is NBC Sports national columnist. He is a No. 1 New York Times best-selling author, winner of the National Sportswriters and Sportscasters Hall of Fame’s National Sportswriter of the year and two-time winner of the Associated Press Sports Editors National Columnist of the Year. His fourth book, “The Secret of Golf: The Story of Tom Watson and Jack Nicklaus,” was released in June 2015.
[Red-cell sodium-lithium countertransport in patients with IgA nephrology and renal hypertension]. To find changes in activity of red-cell sodium-lithium counter transport (RBC Na+/Li+CT) in IgA nephropathology (IgAN) and renal hypertension (RHT), we measured the activity of RBC Na+/Li+CT in 21 patients with IgAN and 13 patients with RHT and compared it with that in 23 normal persons and 17 essential hypertension (EHT) patients by improved Canessa's method. RBC Na+/Li+CT activity in the EHT patients and EHT patients with positive family history was significantly higher than that in normal group. The activity of TBC Na+/Li+CT in the hyperlipidemic RHT patients was increased as compared with the normal group. The activity of RBC Na+/Li+CT in IgAN patients with hyperlipidemia and hyperlipidemic hypertensive IgAN patients was significantly higher than that in normal group. There was positive correlation between the activity of RBC Na+/Li+CT and serum cholesterol level in 34 patients with renal disease. The results indicate that enhanced activity of Na+/Li+ CT is a genetic marker for EHT patients, and hyperlipidemia is probably related to the enhanced activity of RBC Na+/Li+CT in parts of RHT patients and IgAN patients.
OCT-guided photodynamic therapy for angiographic occult CNV in pathologic myopia. Pathologic myopia (PM) is frequently complicated by choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Diagnosis is mainly clinical and angiographic but in recent years optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been noted to add important information. The authors report on the successfully OCT-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) of an angiographic occult CNV complicating PM. Observational case report. Fluorescein angiography with a confocal SLO (HRA, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) and OCT Stratus (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc.) imaging were used for diagnosis and monitoring of the CNV. Standard PDT was performed. A highly myopic 17-year-old girl complained of a drop in visual acuity (VA) in left eye (LE), dating back a few weeks. Her best-corrected (BC) VA was 20/40 in the LE, with some metamorphopsia. No hemorrhage or evident signs of CNV were visible either at fundus or at dynamic fluorescein angiography. OCT scans indicated a slight elevation of the RPE-choriocapillary complex with rarefaction of neuroretinal tissue that has been interpreted as CNV. PDT was then performed. LE BCVA had improved to 20/25, metamorphopsias disappeared, and at OCT examination no retinal morphologic modification was evident. Nine months later, BCVA and ophthalmoscopy are still stable. In this case, OCT was the fundamental tool for the correct diagnosis and posttherapymonitoring of CNV-complicated PM. The CNV, not clearly detectable using angiographic imaging, was treated with PDT, and results in terms of VA and anatomic resolution were good.
Q: How to set append options and StandardCharsets/Encoding to BufferedWriter in java? I am new to java programming and looking for options to write and append file content with java. Similar options for below C# options. File.WriteAllText(string path, string contents, Encoding encoding); File.AppendAllText(string path, string contents, Encoding encoding); I though to use BufferedWriter, it have option to pass true/false for FileWriter(String path, boolean append) but i don't have option to provide Encoding. try (FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(path, false); BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(fw)) { bw.write("appending text into file"); } If I initialize BufferedWriter with Files.newBufferedWriter, I can provide StandardCharsets, but it don't have option to append in case of existing file. try (BufferedWriter bw = Files.newBufferedWriter(Paths.get(path), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) { bw.write("test"); bw.append("append test"); } Is it possible to define both option together (Append options and StandardCharsets)? A: Yes. if you look into the Files class implementation, there is a method as follows: public static BufferedWriter newBufferedWriter(Path path, Charset cs, OpenOption... options) so you can call a method like BufferedWriter bw = Files.newBufferedWriter(Paths.get(path), StandardCharsets.UTF_8, StandardOpenOption.CREATE, StandardOpenOption.APPEND) If you use a IDE like Intellij, it would suggest what public methods you are allowed to call.
--- abstract: 'The spinning of slender viscous jets can be described asymptotically by one-dimensional models that consist of systems of partial and ordinary differential equations. Whereas the well-established string models possess only solutions for certain choices of parameters and set-ups, the more sophisticated rod model that can be considered as $\epsilon$-regularized string is generally applicable. But containing the slenderness ratio $\epsilon$ explicitely in the equations complicates the numerical treatment. In this paper we present the first instationary simulations of a rod in a rotational spinning process for arbitrary parameter ranges with free and fixed jet end, for which the hitherto investigations longed. So we close an existing gap in literature. The numerics is based on a finite volume approach with mixed central, up- and down-winded differences, the time integration is performed by stiff accurate Radau methods.' author: - Walter Arne - Nicole Marheineke - Andreas Meister - Raimund Wegener date: \| \ W. Arne, Universität Kassel, FB Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Heinrich Plett Str. 40, D-34132 Kassel; Fraunhofer ITWM, Fraunhofer Platz 1, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. `arne@itwm.fhg.de`\ N. Marheineke, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Lehrstuhl Angewandte Mathematik I, Cauerstr. 11, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. `marheineke@am.uni-erlangen.de` (corresponding author)\ A. Meister, Universität Kassel, FB Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Heinrich Plett Str. 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany. `meister@mathematik.uni-kassel.de`\ R. Wegener, Fraunhofer ITWM, Fraunhofer Platz 1, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. `wegener@itwm.fhg.de` title: Finite volume approach for the instationary Cosserat rod model describing the spinning of viscous jets --- Introduction ============ The understanding of jet spinning is of interest in many industrial applications, including for example drawing, tapering and spinning of glass and polymer fibers [@pearson:b:1985; @klar:p:2009; @forest:p:2001] and pellet manufacturing [@decent:p:2009; @parau:p:2007]. Considering the spinning of highly viscous fluids, the unrestricted motion of an instationary jet’s center-line is an important feature, as experiments show (see “break-up mode 4” by Wong et al. [@wong:p:2004]). In the context of slender-body theory there exist two classes of one-dimensional models for the numerical simulation of such a jet, string and rod models, [@antman:b:2006; @buckmaster:p:1975; @entov:p:1984; @yarin:b:1993]. The string models are asymptotic systems of leading order that result from the three-dimensional free boundary value problems of Newtonian fluid flows in a strict systematic derivation using expansions in the slenderness ratio $\epsilon$ ($\epsilon \ll 1$). They consist of balance laws for mass and linear momentum. The more sophisticated rod models also possess an angular momentum balance. The rod models follow from the cross-sectional averaging of the underlying three-dimensional balance equations, assuming that the displacement field in each cross-section can be expressed in terms of a finite number of vector- and tensor-valued quantities. The constitutive elements of a (special) Cosserat rod are a curve and a director triad specifying the position (center-line) and the orientation of the cross-sections, respectively. The one-dimensional material and geometrical laws that are needed to close the model are heuristically motivated. The Cosserat rod model is no asymptotic system of leading order but contains the slenderness ratio $\epsilon$ explicitely in the angular momentum balance. As the rod reduces to a string as $\epsilon \rightarrow 0$, the Cosserat rod can be considered as $\epsilon$-regularized string. This regularization allows the rod to overcome limitations that the strings have in their applicability, in particular when dealing with time-dependencies. In this paper we present the first instationary simulations of a Cosserat rod in a rotational spinning process for arbitrary parameter ranges with free and fixed jet end, where the string models failed so far. A string model for the jet dynamics was recently deduced in a rigorous slender-body asymptotics from the three-dimensional free boundary value problem given by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, [@marheineke:p:2009]. Accounting for inner viscous transport, surface tension and placing no restrictions on either the motion or the shape of the jet’s center-line, it generalizes the previously developed string models for straight [@cummings:p:1999; @dewynne:p:1994; @dewynne:p:1992] and curved [@decent:p:2002; @panda:p:2008; @wallwork:p:2002] center-lines (for a detailed survey of literature see [@marheineke:p:2009]). The numerical results investigating the effects of viscosity, surface tension, inertia and gravity on the jet behavior coincide well with the experiments of [@wong:p:2004]. However, the applicability of the string model turned out to be restricted to certain parameter ranges. Neglecting surface tension and gravity, already for jets in a stationary, rotational two-dimensional scenario no “physically relevant” solutions exist for ${\rm Re}{\rm Rb}^2<1$ with Reynolds number ${\rm Re}^{-1}\ll 1$ and Rossby number ${\rm Rb} \ll 1$ according to [@goetz:p:2008; @arne:p:2010]. The numerical evidence of this inviscid bound was specified analytically in [@arne:p:2011]; it is ${\rm Re}{\rm Rb}^2=3/(2\min_i\|\lambda_i\|^3) \approx 1.4$ with $\lambda_i$ root of the Airy Prime function. The restricted applicability / validity results from a non-removable singularity in the model equations due to an inconsistency entering with the asymptotically deduced boundary conditions that prescribe the jet tangent at the spinning nozzle. This limitation can be overcome by a modification of the closure conditions; the boundary condition is omitted in favor of an interface condition that avoids the occurrence of the singularity and ensures the regularity of the string quantities. This change implies a different string model describing an other jet regime. For gravitational spinning Hlod et al. [@hlod:p:2007; @hlod:p:2012] distinguish between three compatible disjoint jet regimes, i.e. inertial, viscous-inertial and viscous regimes, that they successfully investigated using the string equations with appropriately chosen closure conditions. The classification of the regimes is transferable to rotational spinning, [@arne:p:2011]. But, here the regimes do not cover the whole parameter range. Already for the stationary, rotational two-dimensional scenario an existence gap of the string solutions is observed for ${\rm Re} \ll1$, ${\rm Rb}\ll 1$, [@arne:p:2011]. It is handed over to the instationary simulations that break down for viscous fiber jets under very high rotations as they occur in industrial production processes of glass wool [@marheineke:p:2009]. When surface tension, aerodynamic forces and temperature-dependent viscosity are included, the question of existence and solvability becomes much more difficult or even impossible to answer. In non-stationary spinning processes the jet behavior and regime might also change over time. To handle this difficulty Hlod [@hlod:d:2009] investigated a numerical (ad hoc) switching of the closure conditions in the simulations. The heuristic approach is motivated by the embedding of the instationary string equations into the hyperbolic theory of characteristics under certain assumptions. However, the studies remain dissatisfactorily in view of real applications. The viscous Cosserat rod theory raises hope to open the parameter ranges of practical interest and time-dependencies to simulation and optimization. For the coiling of a viscous jet falling onto a rigid substrate Ribe [@ribe:p:2004; @ribe:p:2006a] proposed a rod model with dynamic center-line that allows for stretching, bending and twisting and that is clearly superior to the strings in the application of a fluid-mechanical “sewing machine”, see stationary simulations in [@ribe:p:2006b; @chiu:p:2006] and stability analysis in [@ribe:p:2006; @morris:p:2008]. Based on these studies and embedded in the special Cosserat theory, we developed a modified incompressible rod model for spinning [@arne:p:2010] that reduces asymptotically to the string equations of [@marheineke:p:2009] for a vanishing slenderness parameter $\epsilon$. It not only covers the string models, but also overcomes all thitherto restrictions. In case of stationarity the rod solutions exist for all parameter ranges and spinning scenarios without any exceptions, and the existing string solutions belonging to the different jet regimes (different closure conditions) are their asymptotic limits as $\epsilon \rightarrow 0$, see convergence results in [@arne:p:2011]. Corresponding stationary rod simulations have been successfully applied in the study and design of glass wool production processes, [@arne:p:2011a; @marheineke:p:2012]. The instationary rod is described by a system of partial and ordinary differential equations that becomes stiff for small $\epsilon$ and hence requires a careful numerical treatment. Apart from this structure a further numerical challenge lies in the accurate realization of the angular momentum effects which involves the conservation of the orthonormal director triad that is attached to the jet‘s center-line and characterizes the orientation of the cross-sections over time. Posing, in favor of a material law for the inner forces, a modified Kirchhoff constraint $\boldsymbol{\tau}=e \mathbf{d_3}$ that relates the jet tangent $\boldsymbol{\tau}$ and the director $\mathbf{d_3}$ via the elongation $e$, the vector-valued angular velocity can be expressed in terms of the tangent and the scalar-valued spin (tangential angular speed). So the angular momentum balance becomes scalar-valued and the temporal evolution of the triad redundant, as the other components can be computed a posteriori. Motivated from the numerics of elastic Kirchhoff beams Audoly et al. [@audoly:p:2012] just recently developed a discrete geometric Lagrangian approach and performed instationary simulations for a jet lay-down (see also [@brun:p:2012]). Thereby, they studied the effect of inertia in the angular momentum balance. Its neglect simplifies the numerics due to a change of the equations’ structure. The numerical handling of a free jet end was addressed as open question and topic of future research. In this paper, we propose a finite volume approach with mixed central, up- and down-winded differences for the instationary viscous rod with free and fixed end in Lagrangian and Eulerian parameterization, respectively. The time integration is performed by stiff accurate Radau methods taking into account the differential-algebraic character of the system. The rotational tensor associated to the orthonormal director triad is realized using unit quaternions. The approach enables the simulation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional rotational spinning for arbitrary (unrestricted) parameter ranges for which the hitherto investigations longed and failed. We deal with inflow-outflow set-ups with fixed domain and inflow set-ups with time-dependent enlarging domain and discuss the results in comparison to stationary rod [@arne:p:2010; @arne:p:2011] and instationary string simulations [@marheineke:p:2009; @panda:d:2006; @panda:p:2008], respectively. So this paper closes a gap in existing literature. The paper is structured as follows. After a short survey of the special Cosserat theory for viscous jets in Section \[sec:2\], we formulate the instationary rod model in Lagrangian and Eulerian parameterizations. For the resulting initial-boundary value problems we develop a finite volume approach with Radau time integration in Section \[sec:3\]. In Section \[sec:4\] we perform numerical simulations for the two practically relevant spinning set-ups of enlarging and fixed flow domains and investigate the instationary effects. By allowing for the study of all parameter ranges, the rod model shows its large potential in view of simulating and optimizing non-stationary three-dimensional rotational spinning processes in industrial applications in future. Special Cosserat theory for viscous jets {#sec:2} ======================================== A jet is a slender long body. Because of its geometry with slenderness ratio $\epsilon$ ($\epsilon\ll1$), its dynamics might be reduced to a one-dimensional description by averaging the underlying balance laws over its cross-sections. The procedure is based on the assumption that the displacement field in each cross-section can be expressed in terms of a finite number of vector- and tensor-valued quantities. The special Cosserat rod theory consists hereby of only two constitutive elements, a curve specifying the position and an orthonormal director triad characterizing the orientation of the cross-sections, for details see [@antman:b:2006]. It represents a general framework that might be applicable to all materials and set-ups. The core of the description are physically reasonable one-dimensional geometrical and material laws. In this work we use the incompressible viscous rod model derived in [@arne:p:2010], whose asymptotic limit as $\epsilon\rightarrow 0$ are the string equations of [@marheineke:p:2009; @panda:p:2008]. Since the model equations can be formulated in various ways depending on the choice of parameterization/coordinates (Lagrangian or Eulerian), basis (invariant, director or outer basis), reference system (fixed or rotational), set-up (time-dependent or -independent flow domain, acting forces, 2d or 3d), dimensions (with dimensions or dimensionless) and so on, we start our introduction with the general invariant description of the rod in a Lagrangian parameterization from which all other re-formulations can be straightforward computed. In addition, we explicitly state the model formulations that are relevant in the considered spinning application and that form the basis for the development of our numerical approach, i.e. inflow set-up with enlarging domain (free jet end) in Lagrangian parameterization as well as inflow-outflow set-up with fixed domain in Eulerian parameterization. This choice of parameterization yields initial-boundary value problems on given computational domains in both cases, which facilitates the numerical treatment. General invariant formulation of instationary viscous Cosserat rod model ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A special Cosserat rod in the three-dimensional Euclidean space $\mathbb{E}^3$ is defined by a curve $\mathbf{r}:\mathcal{Q}\rightarrow\mathbb{E}^3$ and an orthonormal director triad $\{\mathbf{d_1},\mathbf{d_2},{\bf d_3}\}:\mathcal{Q}\rightarrow\mathbb{E}^3$ with $\mathcal{Q}=\{(\sigma,t)\in \mathbb{R}^2 \,\|\, \sigma\in [\sigma_a(t),\sigma_b(t)],\, t\geq 0\}$, where $\sigma$ addresses a material cross-section (material point) of the rod. The domain of the material parameter is chosen to be time-dependent to allow for inflow/outflow boundaries and free end in the Lagrangian description. Considering the dynamics of an incompressible isothermal viscous inertial jet with circular cross-sections and constant mass density, the rod model consists of four kinematic and two dynamic equations that are equipped with specific geometrical assumptions (shape-preserving incompressibility) and material laws. Its invariant formulation reads [@arne:p:2010] $$\begin{aligned} \label{eq:L_invariant} \partial_t\mathbf{r} &={\bf v} \\ \nonumber \partial_t\mathbf{d_k}&=\boldsymbol{\omega}\times\mathbf{d_k}\\\nonumber \partial_t\boldsymbol{\tau}&=\partial_\sigma \mathbf{v}\\ \nonumber \partial_t\boldsymbol{\kappa}&=\partial_\sigma \boldsymbol{\omega}+\boldsymbol{\omega}\times\boldsymbol{\kappa}\\\nonumber \varrho A_\circ \partial_t \mathbf{v} &= \partial_\sigma \mathbf{n} + \mathbf{k} \\ \nonumber \varrho \partial_t\left(\mathbf{J_\circ}\cdot \frac{\boldsymbol{\omega}}{e}\right)& = \partial_\sigma \mathbf{m} + \boldsymbol{\tau}\times\mathbf{n} +\mathbf{l}\end{aligned}$$ with $$\begin{aligned} \mathbf{J_\circ}&=I_\circ(\mathbf{d_1}\otimes \mathbf{d_1}+\mathbf{d_2}\otimes \mathbf{d_2}+2\mathbf{d_3}\otimes \mathbf{d_3}), \qquad I_\circ=\frac{A_\circ^2}{4\pi} \\ \mathbf{n}\cdot \mathbf{d_3} =3\mu A_\circ \frac{\partial_\sigma \mathbf{v}}{e^2}\cdot \mathbf{d_3}, \qquad \mathbf{m}&= 3 \mu I_\circ \left(\mathbf{d_1}\otimes \mathbf{d_1}+\mathbf{d_2}\otimes \mathbf{d_2}+\frac{2}{3}\mathbf{d_3}\otimes \mathbf{d_3}\right) \cdot \frac{\partial_\sigma \boldsymbol{\omega}}{e^3}, \qquad \boldsymbol{\tau}=e\mathbf{d_3}\end{aligned}$$ and appropriate initial and boundary conditions. Note that system includes $\partial_\sigma \mathbf{r}=\boldsymbol{\tau}$ and $\partial_\sigma \mathbf{d_k}=\boldsymbol{\kappa}\times \mathbf{d_k}$. The derivatives of the curve $\mathbf{r}$ with respect to time and material parameter are the velocity $\mathbf{v}$ and the tangent field $\boldsymbol{\tau}$. Due to the orthonormality of the directors $\{\mathbf{d_1},\mathbf{d_2},{\bf d_3}\}$, their derivatives imply the existence of the angular velocity $\boldsymbol{\omega}$ and the generalized curvature $\boldsymbol{\kappa}$. Assuming sufficient regularity, ${\bf v}, \boldsymbol{\tau}$ as well as $\boldsymbol{\omega}, \boldsymbol{\kappa}$ are related according to the stated compatibility conditions (third and fourth equations in ). The dynamic equations are the balance equations for linear and angular momentum with external loads $\mathbf{k}$, ${\bf l}$ (body force and body couple line density) coming from the considered application. In case of temperature dependencies a corresponding balance can be added straightforward, cf. [@arne:p:2011a]. The curve $\mathbf{r}$ is here chosen as the mass-associated center-line. The line density $\varrho A_\circ$ with constant mass density $\varrho$ as well as the polar moment of inertia $I_\circ$ refer to the referential circular cross-sectional area $A_\circ$ and are hence time-independent. The incompressibility leads to a shrinking of the cross-sections when stretching the body. During the deformation their shapes are assumed to be retained. This is incorporated in the geometrical model for the angular momentum being linear in $\boldsymbol{\omega}$ with dilatation measure $e>0$. In consequence the actual cross-sectional area and moment of inertia are given by $A=A_\circ/e$ and $I=I_\circ/e^2$. The reference area $A_\circ$ could be replaced by $A$ in , which requires the adding of the evolution equation $\partial_t (eA)=0$. The algebraic relation $\boldsymbol{\tau}=e\mathbf{d_3}$ that determines the tangent via $e$ represents a modified Kirchhoff constraint allowing for extensibility. By its introduction, the normal contact force components $\mathbf{n}\cdot\mathbf{d_1}$, $\mathbf{n}\cdot\mathbf{d_2}$ become Lagrangian multipliers (variables of the system). The tangential contact force $\mathbf{n}\cdot\mathbf{d_3}$ and the contact couple $\mathbf{m}$ are specified by linear material laws in the spatial derivatives of the linear and angular velocities (strain rates) with dynamic jet viscosity $\mu$, [@ribe:p:2004; @ribe:p:2006a]. Note that for the discussion and a better understanding of the geometrical assumptions and material laws, it is most convenient to formulate the rod model in the director basis $\{\mathbf{d_1},\mathbf{d_2},\mathbf{d_3}\}$ as we will do later on. Summing up, the variables of the rod model are $\mathbf{r}$, $\{\mathbf{d_1}, \mathbf{d_2}, \mathbf{d_3}\}$, $e$, $\boldsymbol{\kappa}$, $\mathbf{v}$, $\boldsymbol{\omega}$, $\mathbf{n}\cdot \mathbf{d_1}$ and $\mathbf{n}\cdot \mathbf{d_2}$. \[rem:Kirchhoff\] The applied Kirchhoff constraint $\boldsymbol{\tau}=e\mathbf{d_3}$ poses a geometric relation between curve and director triad in favor of a material law for the force components $\mathbf{n}\cdot \mathbf{d_1}$, $\mathbf{n}\cdot \mathbf{d_2}$. It allows the reduction of the unknown vector-valued angular velocity $\boldsymbol{\omega}$ to the scalar spin $W=\boldsymbol{\omega}\cdot\mathbf{d_3}$, i.e. $$\begin{aligned} \boldsymbol{\omega}=\frac{\boldsymbol{\tau}}{e}\times \partial_t \left(\frac{\boldsymbol{\tau}}{e}\right)+W\frac{\boldsymbol{\tau}}{e}. \end{aligned}$$ A respective reformulation of involves a scalar-valued angular momentum balance and renounces the evaluation of the director triad, but it changes the clear system structure towards mixed derivatives. For this centerline-spin representation Audoly et al. [@audoly:p:2012] proposed a discrete geometric Lagrangian method (that is inspired by [@langer:p:1996] for the analogous centerline-angle representation of an elastic Kirchhoff beam), handling the derivatives algorithmically. Thereby, they neglected the influence of inertia in the angular momentum balance, cf. Remark \[rem:simpler\_model\]. We stand for system , since its composition of partial and ordinary differential equations is well suited for (standard) finite volume schemes and stiff accurate Runge-Kutta methods whose convergence results and performance are well-known, see Section \[sec:3\]. \[rem:simpler\_model\] In case of negligible inertia $\varrho \partial_t(\mathbf{J_\circ}\cdot {\boldsymbol{\omega}}/{e})=\mathbf{0}$ and no outer couple $\mathbf{l}=\mathbf{0}$ in the angular momentum balance, the viscous rod system with modified Kirchhoff constraint reduces to $$\begin{aligned} \partial_t \mathbf{r}&=\mathbf{v}\\ \partial_t \boldsymbol{\tau}&=\partial_\sigma \mathbf{v}\\ \varrho A_\circ \partial_t \mathbf{v}&=\partial_\sigma \mathbf{n}+\mathbf{k}\\ \partial_\sigma W&=\frac{e^3}{2\mu I_\circ}M-\frac{1}{e^2}\partial_\sigma \mathbf{v}\cdot (\boldsymbol{\tau}\times \partial_\sigma \boldsymbol{\tau})\\ \partial_\sigma M &= \frac{3\mu I_\circ}{e^5}\left(\frac{W}{e^2}\\|\boldsymbol{\tau}\times\partial_\sigma \boldsymbol{\tau}\\|^2-\partial_\sigma\frac{(\partial_\sigma \mathbf{v})^\perp}{e}\cdot(\boldsymbol{\tau}\times \partial_\sigma \boldsymbol{\tau})\right),\end{aligned}$$ treating the scalar tangential angular speed / spin $W$ (cf. Remark \[rem:Kirchhoff\]) and tangential contact couple component $M$ as variables. The respective contact force $\mathbf{n}$ becomes with its tangential component $N=3\mu A_\circ \partial_\sigma \mathbf{v}\cdot \boldsymbol{\tau}/e^3$ $$\begin{aligned} \mathbf{n}&=\frac{N}{e}\boldsymbol{\tau} -\frac{1}{e} \partial_\sigma \left(\frac{3\mu I_\circ}{e^3}\left(\partial_\sigma \frac{(\partial_\sigma \mathbf{v})^\perp}{e} +\frac{1}{e^3}((\partial_\sigma \mathbf{v})^\perp\cdot \partial_\sigma \boldsymbol{\tau})\boldsymbol{\tau} -\frac{W}{e^2} \boldsymbol{\tau}\times \partial_\sigma \boldsymbol{\tau}\right)\right) \\ &\quad +\frac{M}{e^3} \boldsymbol{\tau}\times \partial_\sigma \boldsymbol{\tau} - \frac{3\mu I_\circ}{e^6}\left((\partial_\sigma \frac{(\partial_\sigma \mathbf{v})^\perp}{e}\cdot \partial_\sigma \boldsymbol{\tau})\boldsymbol{\tau} +\frac{1}{e^3}((\partial_\sigma \mathbf{v})^\perp\cdot \partial_\sigma \boldsymbol{\tau})(\boldsymbol{\tau}\cdot \partial_\sigma \boldsymbol{\tau})\boldsymbol{\tau}\right)\\ e&=\\|\boldsymbol{\tau}\\|.\end{aligned}$$ Here, $\mathbf{z}^\perp=\mathbf{z}-(\mathbf{z}\cdot \boldsymbol{\tau})\boldsymbol{\tau}/\\|\boldsymbol{\tau}\\|^2$ for any arbitrary vector $\mathbf{z}\in \mathbb{E}^3$. The string system that is the asymptotic slenderness limit of the rod [@arne:p:2011] has the form $$\begin{aligned} \partial_t \mathbf{r}&=\mathbf{v}\\ \partial_t \boldsymbol{\tau}&=\partial_\sigma \mathbf{v}\\ \varrho A_\circ \partial_t \mathbf{v}&=\partial_\sigma\left(\frac{N}{\\|\boldsymbol{\tau}\\|}\boldsymbol{\tau}\right)+\mathbf{k}\,.\end{aligned}$$ with $N$ given as above. System is written in a Lagrangian setting. Thereby, the material parameterization might be determined up to orientation and a constant by using an arc-length parameterized reference configuration. Alternatively, any other time-dependent parameterization can be used for the formulation of the model, defined via an orientated bijective mapping $$\begin{aligned} S(\cdot,t):[\sigma_a(t),\sigma_b(t)]\rightarrow[S(\sigma_a(t),t),S(\sigma_b(t),t)]=[s_a(t),s_b(t)], \quad \sigma \mapsto S(\sigma,t).\end{aligned}$$ Assuming sufficient regularity, a scalar convective velocity $u$ and a spatial Jacobian $j$ belong to $S$: $$\begin{aligned} \partial_t S(\sigma,t)=u(S(\sigma,t),t), \quad \partial_\sigma S(\sigma,t)=j(\sigma,t)>0, \,\,\, \text{ with } \,\,\, \partial_s u(S(\sigma,t),t)=\frac{\partial_t j}{j}(\sigma,t).\end{aligned}$$ The re-parameterization of all fields carries convective terms with speed $u$ into . Choosing $u=0$ implies the material description. Instead of imposing $u$ explicitly, also a constraint can be prescribed such that $u$ becomes the associated Lagrangian multiplier and hence an additional unknown of the system. The mostly used constraint is the arc-length parameterization of the jet curve for all times, yielding an Eulerian setting. Here, $e=j$ coincide due to the Kirchhoff constraint. Moreover, $\partial_t S(\sigma,t)= u(S(\sigma,t),t)$ prescribes the rate of change of the arc-length $S(\sigma,t)$ to the material point $\sigma$; $e$ is a measure for the strain and $\partial_s u(S(\sigma,t),t)=(\partial_t e/e)(\sigma,t)$ the corresponding relative strain rate. The Eulerian (spatial) description is certainly the most intuitive one for flow problems and allows for the transition to stationary considerations. Rotational spinning process – two relevant set-ups -------------------------------------------------- In rotational spinning processes [@marheineke:p:2012], viscous liquid jets leave small spinning nozzles located on the curved face of a circular cylindrical drum rotating about its symmetry axis, cf. Fig. \[fig:1\]. At the nozzle, the velocity, cross-sectional area, direction and curvature of a jet are prescribed. Starting from an initial length of zero, the extruded liquid jet grows and moves due to viscous friction, surface tension and gravity. Also aerodynamic forces might act, see e.g. [@arne:p:2011a]. In this paper we aim at a numerical treatment of the non-stationarity. For simplicity we neglect surface tension, aerodynamic forces and temperature dependencies and restrict to external loads rising from gravity, i.e. in the Lagrangian setting $\mathbf{k}= \varrho A_\circ g \mathbf{e_g}$ and $\mathbf{l}=\mathbf{0}$ with gravitational acceleration $g$ and direction $\mathbf{e_g}$, $\\|\mathbf{e_g}\\|=1$. However, note that once the numerical concept is established, the other effects can be easily added as it is already done in the stationary considerations of industrial spinning processes in [@marheineke:p:2012; @arne:p:2011a]. In the following we focus on the numerical simulation of two set-ups that are important for the understanding and study of the industrial application: - Set-up A: inflow with enlarging domain (free jet end) - Set-up B: inflow-outflow with time-independent (fixed) domain For the inflow set-up we choose a Lagrangian (material) description, whereas the inflow-outflow set-up is formulated in an Eulerian (spatial) setting. Certainly, every set-up could also be formulated in the other parameterization, but this yields free boundary value problems. Our choice instead implies initial-boundary value problems on given computational domains, which makes the numerical treatment undeniably easier. ![\[fig:1\][Left]{}: Rotational fiber spinning process, photo by industrial partner. [Right]{}: Sketch of 3d set-up and its 2d simplification under the neglect of gravity.](device.eps "fig:")![\[fig:1\][Left]{}: Rotational fiber spinning process, photo by industrial partner. [Right]{}: Sketch of 3d set-up and its 2d simplification under the neglect of gravity.](sketch_device.eps "fig:") To describe the spinning process of interest (Fig. \[fig:1\]), we follow [@arne:p:2010] and use the reference frame that rotates with the drum. Let $\boldsymbol{\Omega}=\Omega \mathbf{e}_{\boldsymbol{\Omega}}$ with $\mathbf{e}_{\boldsymbol{\Omega}}=-\mathbf{e_g}$ be the angular frequency of the rotating device, then we introduce the rotating outer basis $\{{\bf a_1}(t),{\bf a_2}(t),{\bf a_3}(t)\}$ satisfying $\partial_t {\bf a_i}=\boldsymbol{\Omega}\times {\bf a_i}$, $i=1,2,3$. This makes the position of the nozzle and the direction of the inflow time-independent, but introduces fictitious rotational body forces and couples in the dynamic equations due to inertia. We deal with $\boldsymbol{\Omega}$-adapted velocity and angular speed, i.e. $\mathbf{v}_{\boldsymbol{\Omega}} = \mathbf{v}-(\boldsymbol{\Omega}\times \mathbf{r})$ and $ \boldsymbol{\omega}_{\boldsymbol{\Omega}} = \boldsymbol{\omega} -\boldsymbol{\Omega}$. Note that we skip the subscript $_{\boldsymbol{\Omega}}$ in the following to facilitate the readability. Moreover, we state the model equations in the director basis $\{\mathbf{d_1},\mathbf{d_2},\mathbf{d_3}\}$ for reasons of the material laws and geometrical assumptions, see Notation \[not:1\]. The rod model for rotational spinning has eight physical parameters: jet density $\varrho$, viscosity $\mu$, length $L$, diameter $D$ and velocity $U$ at the nozzle as well as drum radius $R$, rotational frequency $\Omega$ and gravitational acceleration $g$. These induce five characteristic dimensionless numbers: Reynolds number ${\rm Re}=\varrho UR/\mu$ as ratio between inertia and viscosity, Rossby number ${\rm Rb}=U/(\Omega R)$ as ratio between inertia and rotation, Froude number $\mathrm{Fr}=U/\sqrt{gR}$ as ratio between inertia and gravity as well as $l=L/R$ and $\epsilon=D/R$ as length ratios between jet length, nozzle diameter respectively and drum radius. For the subsequent numerical investigations, we make the Lagrangian system dimensionless by scaling the quantities with the following reference values: $$\begin{aligned} \sigma_0&=r_0=R,\quad v_0=U, \quad t_0=v_0/r_0, \quad \kappa_0=1/r_0, \quad \omega_0=r_0/v_0\quad A_0=\pi D^2/4, \quad k_0=\varrho A_0v_0^2/r_0\\ n_0&= \mu A_0 v_0 /r_0 = \pi \varrho v_0^2 r_0^2 \epsilon^2 / (4\mathrm{Re}),\quad m_0= \mu A_0^2 v_0 /(\pi r_0^2) = \pi \varrho v_0^2 r_0^3 \epsilon^4/(16\mathrm{Re}).\end{aligned}$$ In the Eulerian setting we use alternatively $s_0=r_0$, and consistently $u_0=v_0$ for the intrinsic velocity. \[not:1\] To an arbitrary vector field $\mathbf{z}=\sum_{i=1}^3 \breve z_i \mathbf{a_i}=\sum_{i=1}^3 z_i \mathbf{d_i}\in \mathbb{E}^3$ we indicate the coordinate tuples for the rotating outer basis by $\mathsf{\breve z}=(\breve z_1, \breve z_2, \breve z_3)\in {\mbox{$\mathbb{R}$}}^3$ and for the director basis by $\mathsf{z}=(z_1,z_2,z_3)\in {\mbox{$\mathbb{R}$}}^3$. The director basis can be transformed into the rotating outer basis by the tensor-valued rotation $\mathbf{R}$, i.e. $\mathbf{R}=\mathbf{a_i}\otimes \mathbf{d_i} =R_{ij} \mathbf{a_i}\otimes \mathbf{a_j}\in \mathbb{E}^3\otimes \mathbb{E}^3$ with associated orthogonal matrix $\mathsf{R}=(R_{ij})=(\mathbf{d_i}\cdot\mathbf{ a_j})\in SO(3)$. For the coordinate tuples, $\mathsf{z}=\mathsf{R} \cdot \mathsf{\breve z}$ holds. The cross-product $\mathsf{a}\times \mathsf{A}\in {\mbox{$\mathbb{R}$}}^{3\times3}$ between a vector $\mathsf{a}\in {\mbox{$\mathbb{R}$}}^3$ and a matrix $\mathsf{A}\in {\mbox{$\mathbb{R}$}}^{3\times3}$ is defined by $(\mathsf{a}\times \mathsf{ A})\cdot \mathsf{z}=\mathsf{ a}\times(\mathsf{A\cdot z})$ for all $\mathsf{z}\in {\mbox{$\mathbb{R}$}}^3$. Moreover, we abbreviate $\mathsf{P}_k=\mathrm{diag}(1,1,k)$, $k\in \mathbb{R}$ and $\mathsf{e_i}\in \mathbb{R}^3$, $i=1,2,3$ for the canonical basis tuples. ### Set-up A: inflow in Lagrangian parameterization {#set-up-a-inflow-in-lagrangian-parameterization .unnumbered} Let $\mathcal{Q}_T=\{ (\sigma,t) \in \mathbb{R}^2 \,\|\, \sigma \in (-\ell(t),0), \, \ell(t)=t, \, t \in (0,T] \}$ be the flow domain enlarging over time where $\mathcal{Q}_0=\emptyset$ holds initially for $t=0$. The rod model for the inflow set-up (i.e. inflow at the nozzle $\sigma=-\ell(t)$ and (stress-)free jet end $\sigma=0$) reads $$\begin{aligned} \label{eq:L_inflow} \mathsf{R} \cdot \partial_t \mathsf{\breve{r}} &= \mathsf{v} \\ \nonumber \partial_t \mathsf{R} &= -\mathsf{\omega} \times \mathsf{R}\\ \nonumber \partial_t e {\sf e_3}&= \partial_\sigma \mathsf{v} + \mathsf{\kappa}\times \mathsf{v} + e\mathsf{e_3}\times \mathsf{\omega}\\ \nonumber \partial_t \mathsf{\kappa} & = \partial_\sigma \mathsf{\omega} + \mathsf{\kappa}\times \mathsf{\omega}\\ \nonumber \partial_t \mathsf{v} &= \frac{1}{\mathrm{Re}}\left(\partial_\sigma \mathsf{n} + \mathsf{\kappa}\times \mathsf{n}\right) + \mathsf{v} \times \mathsf{\omega} + \frac{1}{\mathrm{Fr}^2}\mathsf{R}\cdot\mathsf{e_g}+\mathsf{k_\Omega}\\ \nonumber \mathsf{P_2} \cdot \partial_t \frac{\mathsf{\omega}}{e} &= \frac{4}{\mathrm{Re}}(\partial_\sigma \mathsf{m} + \mathsf{\kappa}\times \mathsf{m}) + \frac{16}{\epsilon^2 \mathrm{Re}} e\mathsf{e_3}\times\mathsf{n}+\mathsf{l_\Omega}\end{aligned}$$ with Coriolis and centrifugal forces as well as corresponding couples due to the rotating reference frame $$\begin{aligned} \mathsf{k_\Omega}&= -\frac{2}{\mathrm{Rb}} \mathsf{R}\cdot \mathsf{e_\Omega}\times \mathsf{v} -\frac{1}{\mathrm{Rb}^2} \mathsf{R}\cdot\left(\mathsf{e_\Omega}\times (\mathsf{e_\Omega}\times \mathsf{\breve{r}})\right)\\ \mathsf{l_\Omega}&= \mathsf{P_2}\cdot \frac{1}{e}\left(\mathsf{\omega}+\frac{1}{\mathrm{Rb}}\mathsf{R}\cdot \mathsf{e_\Omega}\right) \times \left(\mathsf{\omega}+\frac{1}{\mathrm{Rb}}\mathsf{R}\cdot \mathsf{e_\Omega}\right) + \mathsf{P_2}\cdot \left[ \left(\frac{\mathsf{\omega}}{e}\times \frac{1}{\mathrm{Rb}}\mathsf{R}\cdot \mathsf{e_\Omega}\right) + \frac{1}{\mathrm{Rb}} \frac{\partial_t e}{e^2} \mathsf{R}\cdot \mathsf{e_\Omega} \right]\end{aligned}$$ and material laws $$\begin{aligned} n_3=3 \frac{1}{e^2}(\partial_\sigma v_3+\kappa_1 v_2-\kappa_2 v_1), \qquad \mathsf{m}=\frac{3}{4}\frac{1}{e^3}\mathsf{P}_{2/3}\cdot (\partial_\sigma \omega +\kappa\times \omega)\,.\end{aligned}$$ The material laws can be alternatively expressed in terms of the strain rates $\partial_t e$ and $\partial_t \kappa$, since $\partial_t e=\partial_\sigma v_3+\kappa_1 v_2-\kappa_2 v_1$ and $\partial_t \kappa=\partial_\sigma \omega +\kappa\times \omega$. In particular, they are linear in the strain rates. However, to avoid mixed time-space derivatives when plugging the material laws into the balance equations we use the stated spatial representation yielding second spatial derivatives in the dynamic equations. A strict classification of the whole system is not possible, but it has a hyperbolic-parabolic character with ordinary differential equations for curve and rotation group (director triad). The boundary conditions are $$\begin{aligned} \mathsf{\breve{r}}(-\ell(t),t)&=\mathsf{e_2}, \qquad \mathsf{R}(-\ell(t),t)=\mathsf{e_1}\otimes \mathsf{e_1} - \mathsf{e_2}\otimes \mathsf{e_3} + \mathsf{e_3}\otimes \mathsf{e_2} \\ e(-\ell(t),t)&=1, \qquad \,\, \mathsf{\kappa}(-\ell(t),t)=\mathsf{0}, \qquad \mathsf{v}(-\ell(t),t)=\mathsf{e_3}, \qquad \mathsf{\omega}(-\ell(t),t)=\mathsf{0}\\ \mathsf{n}(0,t)&=\mathsf{0}, \qquad \,\, \mathsf{m}(0,t)=\mathsf{0}.\end{aligned}$$ ### Set-up B: inflow-outflow in Eulerian parameterization {#set-up-b-inflow-outflow-in-eulerian-parameterization .unnumbered} Let $\mathcal{S}_T=\{(s,t)\in \mathbb{R}^2\,\|\,s\in (0,\ell), \,t\in (0,T],\, \ell >0 \text{ fixed}\}$ be the flow domain fixed over time. The rod model for the inflow-outflow set-up (i.e. inflow at the nozzle $s=0$ and outflow at a prescribed length $s=\ell$) reads $$\begin{aligned} \label{eq:E} \mathsf{R} \cdot \partial_t \mathsf{\breve{r}} &= \mathsf{v} -u \mathsf{e_3}\\ \nonumber \partial_t \mathsf{R} &= -(\mathsf{\omega}- u\mathsf{\kappa}) \times \mathsf{R}\\ \nonumber \partial_s (u\mathsf{e_3}) & = \partial_s \mathsf{v} + \mathsf{\kappa}\times \mathsf{v} + \mathsf{e_3}\times \mathsf{\omega}\\ \nonumber \partial_t \mathsf{\kappa} + \partial_s (u \mathsf{\kappa}) & = \partial_s \mathsf{\omega} + \mathsf{\kappa}\times \mathsf{\omega}\\ \nonumber \partial_t A + \partial_s (u A) & = 0\\ \nonumber \partial_t(A \mathsf{v}) + \partial_s(u A \mathsf{v}) &= \frac{1}{\mathrm{Re}} \left(\partial_s \mathsf{n} + \mathsf{\kappa}\times \mathsf{n}\right) + A \mathsf{v} \times \mathsf{\omega} + \frac{1}{\mathrm{Fr}^2}A\mathsf{R}\cdot \mathsf{e_g}+\mathsf{k_\Omega}\\ \nonumber \mathsf{P_2}\cdot (\partial_t (A^2\mathsf{\omega}) + \partial_s(u A^2\mathsf{\omega})) &= \frac{4}{\mathrm{Re}}(\partial_s \mathsf{m} + \mathsf{\kappa}\times \mathsf{m}) + \frac{16}{\epsilon^2 \mathrm{Re}} \mathsf{e_3}\times \mathsf{n}+\mathsf{l_\Omega}\end{aligned}$$ with $$\begin{aligned} \mathsf{k_\Omega}&=-\frac{2}{\mathrm{Rb}}\mathsf{R}\cdot \mathsf{e_\Omega}\times A\mathsf{v} - \frac{1}{\mathrm{Rb}^2}A \mathsf{R}\cdot(\mathsf{e_\Omega} \times(\mathsf{e_\Omega} \times \mathsf{\breve r})) \\ \mathsf{l_\Omega}&= \mathsf{P_2} \cdot A^2\left(\mathsf{\omega}+\frac{1}{\mathrm{Rb}}\mathsf{R}\cdot \mathsf{e_\Omega}\right)\times \left(\mathsf{\omega}+\frac{1}{\mathrm{Rb}}\mathsf{R}\cdot \mathsf{e_\Omega}\right) + \mathsf{P_2}\cdot\left[\left(A^2\mathsf{\omega}\times \frac{1}{\mathrm{Rb}}\mathsf{R}\cdot \mathsf{e_\Omega}\right) + \frac{1}{\mathrm{Rb}} A^2 \partial_s u \mathsf{R}\cdot \mathsf{e_\Omega} \right] \end{aligned}$$ and material laws $$\begin{aligned} n_3=3 A \partial_s u, \qquad \mathsf{m}=\frac{3}{4} A^2 \mathsf{P}_{2/3}\cdot (\partial_s \mathsf{\omega} + \mathsf{\kappa}\times \mathsf{\omega})\end{aligned}$$ The boundary conditions for $t\in[0,T]$ are $$\begin{aligned} \mathsf{\breve{r}}(0,t)&=\mathsf{e_2}, \qquad \mathsf{R}(0,t)=\mathsf{e_1}\otimes \mathsf{e_1} - \mathsf{e_2}\otimes \mathsf{e_3} + \mathsf{e_3}\otimes \mathsf{e_2} \\ u(0,t)&=1, \qquad \,\, \mathsf{\kappa}(0,t)=\mathsf{0}, \qquad \mathsf{v}(0,t)=\mathsf{e_3}, \qquad \mathsf{\omega}(0,t)=\mathsf{0}, \qquad A(0,t)=1\\ \mathsf{n}(\ell,t)&=\mathsf{0}, \qquad \,\, \mathsf{m}(\ell,t)=\mathsf{0}.\end{aligned}$$ Appropriate initial conditions are specified later on.\ The computation of the stated model equations , from the general invariant system is straightforward, but lengthy. For more details about the determination we refer to [@arne:p:2010]. The systems can be easily simplified to 2d. Note that the dimension plays no role for the development of the numerical scheme but the reduction to 2d will be used for the simulation of a bench-mark test scenario in Section \[sec:4\] (cf. Fig. \[fig:1\] and Eqs. , for 2d rotational spinning under neglect of gravity). The rotations $\mathsf{R}\in SO(3)$ can be parameterized, e.g. in Euler angles or unit quaternions [@mahadevan:p:1996]. We use unit quaternions since this variant offers a very elegant way of formulating and computing the evolution equation for $\mathsf{R}$ (second equation of or respectively). Define $$\begin{aligned} \mathsf{R}(\mathsf{q})= \left( \begin{array}{ccc} q_1^2-q_2^2-q_3^2+q_0^2 & 2 (q_1 q_2 - q_0 q_3) & 2 (q_1 q_3 + q_0 q_2)\\ 2 (q_1 q_2 + q_0 q_3) & -q_1^2+q_2^2-q_3^2+q_0^2 & 2 (q_2 q_3 - q_0 q_1)\\ 2 (q_1 q_3 - q_0 q_2) & 2 (q_2 q_3 + q_0 q_1) & -q_1^2-q_2^2+q_3^2+q_0^2 \end{array} \right), \end{aligned}$$ with unit quaternions $\mathsf{q}=(q_0,q_1,q_2,q_3)$, $\\|\mathsf{q}\\|=1$, then $\partial_t \mathsf{R} = -\mathsf{\omega} \times \mathsf{R}$ becomes $ \partial_t\mathsf{q}=\mathcal{A}(\mathsf{\omega})\cdot \mathsf{q}$ (or respectively, $\partial_t \mathsf{R} = -(\mathsf{\omega}- u\mathsf{\kappa}) \times \mathsf{R}$ becomes $ \partial_t\mathsf{q}=\mathcal{A}(\mathsf{\omega}-u\kappa)\cdot \mathsf{q}$) with skew-symmetric matrix $$\begin{aligned} \mathcal{A}(\mathsf{z}) = \frac{1}{2} \left( \begin{array}{cccc} 0 & z_1 & z_2 & z_3\\ -z_1 & 0 & z_3 & -z_2\\ -z_2 & -z_3 & 0 & z_1\\ -z_3 & z_2 & -z_1 & 0 \end{array} \right).\end{aligned}$$ Numerical scheme {#sec:3} ================ Finite volume schemes are well-established for the numerical solution of time-dependent partial differential equations for various applications [@versteeg:b:2007]. In the following we focus on the inflow problem in the Lagrangian parameterization because of the tricky initialization and the handling of the length change $\ell(t)$. The inflow-outflow problem in the Eulerian parameterization where the domain length is fixed is comparatively much easier. A respective scheme can be established straightforward in an accordant way (cf. [@arne:p:2012] for the 2d scenario). To set up the numerical concept for our inflow problem we rewrite in a more convenient formulation, for this purpose we define $\mathsf{0}_{k}$ as the zero vector in $\mathbb{R}^k$. We introduce the vector of unknowns $$\phi=\left(n_1, n_2, e, \mathsf{\breve{r}}, \mathsf{q}, \kappa, \mathsf{v}, \varpi \right) \in\R^{19}$$ with $\varpi={\omega}/{e}$. To take account of the differential-algebraic structure of the underlying model, we additionally consider the mapping $$\mathsf{z}(\phi)= \left(\mathsf{0}_2, e, \mathsf{\breve r}, \mathsf{q}, \kappa, \mathsf{v}, \varpi\right) \in\R^{19}$$ that consists of all variables possessing an evolution equation in . Finite volume schemes are based on the integral form of the governing equations that are expressed in terms of flux functions and source terms. Therefore, we summarize the constituents with respect to their physical meaning and later used numerical approximation. The upper index $u,d,c$ indicates the respective fluxes considered for up-, down-winded and central differences: $$\begin{aligned} \mathsf{f}^u(\phi)& = \left(\mathsf{v}, \mathsf{0}_{7}, e\varpi, \mathsf{0}_2, \frac{3}{\mathrm{Re}}\frac{1}{e^2} (\kappa_1v_2-\kappa_2v_1), \frac{3}{\mathrm{Re}}\frac{1}{e^2}\mathsf{P}_{1/3}\cdot (\kappa\times\varpi) \right)\\ \mathsf{f}^d(\phi)& = \left(\mathsf{0}_{13}, \frac{1}{\mathrm{Re}}n_1, \frac{1}{\mathrm{Re}}n_2, \mathsf{0}_4\right)\\ \mathsf{f}^c(\phi,\partial_\sigma \mathsf{h}(\phi)) & = \left(\mathsf{0}_{15}, \frac{3}{\mathrm{Re}}\frac{1}{e^2} \partial_{\sigma} v_3, \frac{3}{\mathrm{Re}}\frac{1}{e^3}\mathsf{P}_{1/3}\cdot \partial_{\sigma}\left(e\varpi \right) \right) \intertext{and} \mathsf{p}(\phi,\partial_\sigma \mathsf{g}(\phi)) & = \left(\mathsf{0}_{13}, \frac{3}{\mathrm{Re}}\frac{\kappa}{e}\times \left(0, 0, \partial_\sigma v_3\right), \frac{3}{\mathrm{Re}}\frac{1}{e^3}\mathsf{P}_{1/2}\cdot\left(\kappa\times(\mathsf{P}_{2/3}\cdot\partial_\sigma\left(e\varpi\right))\right) \right) \, . \end{aligned}$$ Here, $\mathsf{h}(\phi)=\left(\mathsf{0}_{15}, v_3, e\varpi \right)$ and $\mathsf{g}(\phi)=\left(\mathsf{0}_{13}, v_3, v_3, 0, e\varpi \right)$ hold. The remaining source terms are collected in $\mathsf{q}(\phi)$. Due to this dispartment, the system becomes $$\begin{aligned} \label{gov_eq} \partial_t \mathsf{z}(\phi) =\partial_\sigma\mathsf{f}^u(\phi) + \partial_\sigma\mathsf{f}^d(\phi) +\partial_\sigma \mathsf{f}^c(\phi,\partial_\sigma \mathsf{h}(\phi))+ \mathsf{p}(\phi,\partial_\sigma \mathsf{g}(\phi))+\mathsf{q}(\phi)\end{aligned}$$ where the closure relations are incorporated. ![\[fig:skizze\] Spatial discretization of the growing jet with $N(t)$ equally sized dynamic cells (centers are marked by black squares). The cell edge $\sigma_{N+1/2}=\sigma=0$ represents the jet end; the complete cell $[\sigma_{1/2},\sigma_{3/2}]$ is the closest dynamic one to the nozzle at $\sigma=-\ell(t)$. For the initialization static cells are introduced before/around the nozzle (red circles), whose quantities are given by the nozzle conditions.](grid.eps) Concerning the space discretization we introduce a constant cell size $\triangle \sigma$ and define the number $N(t)$ of dynamic cells for the time-dependent jet length $\ell(t)$ by help of the floor function $\lfloor.\rfloor$, $$\begin{aligned} N(t)=\left \lfloor \frac{\ell(t)}{\triangle \sigma} \right \rfloor, \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \sigma_{(j+1)/2}=-\left(N(t)-\frac{j}{2}\right)\triangle \sigma, \quad j=0,\ldots,2N(t),\end{aligned}$$ where $\sigma_i$, $i=1,\ldots, N(t)$ denote the cell centers, cf. Fig. \[fig:skizze\]. The cell edge $\sigma_{N+1/2}=\sigma=0$ represents the jet end, and $[\sigma_{1/2},\sigma_{3/2}]$ is the closest dynamic cell to the nozzle located at $\sigma=-\ell(t)=-t$. The jet growth is realized by adding new cells at the nozzle, hereby the dynamics of the physical quantities is not considered till the cells have completely left the nozzle and become dynamic. Before they are treated as static and initialized by the boundary condition at the nozzle. The number of static cells depends on the ongoing length increase in the time interval under consideration $[t,t+\triangle t]$, we use $M(t)=N(t+\triangle t)-N(t)$. The introduction of the static cells before/around the nozzle allows the adequate initialization of a jet of length $\ell(t)<\triangle \sigma$ and a stable numerical treatment of the temporal evolution. The idea is now to integrate over the control volume / cell $[\sigma_{i-1/2},\sigma_{i+1/2}]$, $i=1,\ldots,N(t)$ and to set up a differential algebraic system (DAE) in time for the cell averages $\phi_i$ of the unknown quantities $$\begin{aligned} \phi_i(t):=\frac{1}{\triangle \sigma}\int_{\sigma_{i-1/2}}^{\sigma_{i+1/2}}\phi(\sigma,t)\, \mathrm{d}\sigma, \quad i=1,\ldots,N(t).\end{aligned}$$ The resulting DAE with $\mathsf{z}_i(t)=\mathsf{z}(\phi_i(t))$ has the form $$\begin{aligned} \label{weak} \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t} \mathsf{z}_i &= \frac{1}{\triangle \sigma} [(\mathsf{f}^u_{i+1/2}-\mathsf{f}^u_{i-1/2}) +(\mathsf{f}^d_{i+1/2}-\mathsf{f}^d_{i-1/2}) +(\mathsf{f}^c_{i+1/2}-\mathsf{f}^c_{i-1/2})]\nonumber\\ &\quad+\frac{1}{\triangle \sigma}\int_{\sigma_{i-1/2}}^{\sigma_{i+1/2}}\mathsf{p}(\phi,\partial_{\sigma}\mathsf{g}(\phi))\, \mathrm{d}\sigma +\frac{1}{\triangle \sigma}\int_{\sigma_{i-1/2}}^{\sigma_{i+1/2}}\mathsf{q}(\phi)\, \mathrm{d}\sigma.\end{aligned}$$ To express all constituents in terms of the time-dependent $\phi_i(t)$, we define numerical flux functions $H^u$, $H^d$, $H^c$ in an up-, down-winded and central manner according to the behavior of the physical fluxes, i.e. we apply the upwind-strategy for the convective terms, the downwind-strategy for the normal forces and the central approximation for the viscous parts, $$\begin{aligned} \mathsf{f}^u_{i+1/2}\approx H^u(\phi_i,\phi_{i+1})&:=\mathsf{f}^u(\phi_i)\\ \mathsf{f}^d_{i+1/2}\approx H^d(\phi_i,\phi_{i+1})&:=\mathsf{f}^d(\phi_{i+1})\\ \mathsf{f}^c_{i+1/2}\approx H^c(\phi_i,\phi_{i+1})&:=\mathsf{f}^c\left(\frac{\phi_i+\phi_{i+1}}{2},\frac{\mathsf{h}(\phi_{i+1})-\mathsf{h}(\phi_i)}{\triangle\sigma}\right),\end{aligned}$$ $i=1,\ldots,N(t)-1$. The integrals that contain the source terms are approximated by means of $$\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{\triangle \sigma}\int_{\sigma_{i-1/2}}^{\sigma_{i+1/2}}\mathsf{p}(\phi,\partial_\sigma{\mathsf{g}}(\phi))\, \mathrm{d}\sigma &\approx P(\phi_{i-1},\phi_i):=\mathsf{p}\left(\phi_i,\frac{\mathsf{g}(\phi_i)-\mathsf{g}(\phi_{i-1})}{\triangle \sigma} \right), && i=2,\ldots,N(t)\\ \frac{1}{\triangle \sigma}\int_{\sigma_{i-1/2}}^{\sigma_{i+1/2}}\mathsf{q}(\phi)\, \mathrm{d}\sigma &\approx \mathsf{q}(\phi_i), && i=1,\ldots,N(t).\end{aligned}$$ As for the boundaries at nozzle and stress-free jet end, the proposed discretizations make use of the respective boundary conditions – collected in $\phi_{noz}$ and $\phi_{end}$ – in a natural way. We use $$\begin{aligned} \mathsf{f}_{1/2}^u\approx \mathsf{f}^u(\phi_{noz}), \hspace{0.6cm} \mathsf{f}_{1/2}^d&\approx \mathsf{f}^d(\phi_1),\hspace{1.1cm} \mathsf{f}_{1/2}^c= \mathsf{f}^c\left(\phi_{noz},\frac{\mathsf{h}(\phi_1)-\mathsf{h}(\phi_{noz})}{\triangle \sigma}\right) &&\text{ at nozzle}\\ \mathsf{f}_{N+1/2}^u\approx \mathsf{f}^u(\phi_N), \quad \mathsf{f}_{N+1/2}^d&\approx \mathsf{f}^d(\phi_{end}), \quad \mathsf{f}_{N+1/2}^c=\mathsf{0} && \text{ at jet end}\end{aligned}$$ In accordance we take $\int_{\sigma_{1/2}}^{\sigma_{3/2}}\mathsf{p}(\phi,\partial_{\sigma}\mathsf{g}(\phi))\, \mathrm{d}\sigma/\triangle \sigma \approx P(\phi_{noz},\phi_1)$ for the source term in the first control volume. Inserting the numerical flux functions $H=H^u+H^d+H^c$ and source term discretizations into system , we finally obtain its semi-discrete analogon $$\begin{aligned} \label{stern} \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t}\mathsf{z}_i=\frac{1}{\triangle \sigma} (H(\phi_i,\phi_{i+1})-H(\phi_{i-1},\phi_{i}))+P(\phi_{i-1},\phi_i)+\mathsf{q}(\phi_i).\end{aligned}$$ The system of DAEs is of index 2 (according to the definition of [@hairer:b:1996]). For the time integration stiff accurate implicit Runge-Kutta schemes, e.g. Radau IIa methods, are suitable, cf. Remark \[rem:1\]. We employ a constant time step $\triangle t$. The resulting nonlinear system of equations is solved with a Newton method. \[rem:1\] Consider an autonomous differential-algebraic system $\mathrm{d}u/\mathrm{d}t=f(u,v)$, $0=g(u,v)$ with initial value $(u,v)(t_0)=(u_0,v_0)$. Let a time discretization $t_0 <t_1<\ldots < t_M$ with step size $\triangle t_n=t_{n+1}-t_n$ be given. An appropriate implicit Runge-Kutta scheme of level $s$ (with coefficients $\mathbf{A}=(a_{ij})\in\mathbb{R}^{s\times s}$, $\mathbf{b}=(b_i)\in\mathbb{R}^s$) has the form $$\begin{aligned} u_{n+1}=u_n+\triangle t_n\sum_{j=1}^s b_j f(k_j,l_j), \quad \quad \quad v_{n+1}=v_{n}+(l_1-v_n\|\ldots\|l_s-v_n)\mathbf{A}^{-T}\mathbf{b}, \end{aligned}$$ where the levels $k_i$, $l_i$ are the solutions of the nonlinear system $$\begin{aligned} k_i=u_n+\triangle t_n\sum_{j=1}^n a_{ij} f(k_j,l_j), \quad \quad \quad 0=g(k_i,l_i), \quad \quad \quad i=1,\ldots, s.\end{aligned}$$ A scheme is called stiff accurate if the coefficients satisfy $b_i=a_{si}$. Radau IIa methods possess this property, for $s=1,2$ they are specified by the following Butcher arrays for the coefficients: $$\begin{aligned} \begin{array}{c\| c} \mathbf{c} & \mathbf{A}\\ \hline\\[-2.4ex] &\mathbf{b}^T \end{array} \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \begin{array}{c\| c} 1 & 1 \\ \hline & 1 \end{array} \quad \quad \quad \begin{array}{c\| c c} 1/3 & 5/12 & -1/12 \\ 1 & 3/4 & 1/4 \\ \hline & 3/4 & 1/4 \end{array}\,.\end{aligned}$$ Note that $c_i=\sum_{j} a_{ij}$ as the Runge-Kutta scheme is invariant with respect to autonomization. The Radau IIa method for $s=1$ is well-known as implicit Euler method. For details on Runge-Kutta methods for DAEs see e.g. [@hairer:b:1989]. The space discretization via the finite volume scheme is of first order convergence. We aim at an appropriate, stiff accurate time discretization. In the context of differential-algebraic equations, the order of convergence $p$ depends on the index and the Runge-Kutta methods often tend to loose an order for the variables associated to the algebraic equations. Considering a DAE with index 2, the Radau IIa method with $s=2$ has $p=3$ for the differential variables and $p=2$ for the algebraic ones, whereas the implicit Euler method has $p=1$ for both kind of variables, [@hairer:b:1989]. This theoretical result is confirmed by our numerical tests for the inflow-outflow problem in the Eulerian parameterization on the time-independent space interval $[0,\ell]$ (using an fixed equidistant spatial grid with $\triangle s=\ell/N$ where nozzle and outflow are located at the cell edges $s=s_{1/2}=0$ and $s=s_{N+1/2}=\ell$, respectively), see Figure \[fig:conv\_euler\]. For the inflow problem in the Lagrangian parameterization, the jet length $\ell(t)$ and hence the space discretization is time-dependent. There is no strict separation of space and time as in an usual semi-discretization. Therefore, it is not surprising that the performance of the Radau IIa method with $s=2$ differs to the theoretical result. We observe a loss of convergence order due to the chosen discretization / initialization at the nozzle boundary. In correspondence to the space discretization we obtain here first order convergence in time for both Radau variants, Figure \[fig:conv\_lagrange\]. Consequently, to obtain higher convergence for the inflow problem the spatial scheme needs to be modified. ![\[fig:conv\_euler\] Convergence of Radau IIa methods for DAEs of semi-discretized inflow-outflow problem in Eulerian parameterization – in consistence with theory. Absolute $L^2(0,\ell)$-error for fixed end time $T$. [Left:]{} differential variables. [Right:]{} algebraic variables $(\mathsf{n})$. [Bottom:]{} The intrinsic velocity $u$ that has a special role in on first glance behaves like all the other differential variables.](L2_diff_comp_euler.eps "fig:") ![\[fig:conv\_euler\] Convergence of Radau IIa methods for DAEs of semi-discretized inflow-outflow problem in Eulerian parameterization – in consistence with theory. Absolute $L^2(0,\ell)$-error for fixed end time $T$. [Left:]{} differential variables. [Right:]{} algebraic variables $(\mathsf{n})$. [Bottom:]{} The intrinsic velocity $u$ that has a special role in on first glance behaves like all the other differential variables.](L2_n_euler.eps "fig:")\ ![\[fig:conv\_euler\] Convergence of Radau IIa methods for DAEs of semi-discretized inflow-outflow problem in Eulerian parameterization – in consistence with theory. Absolute $L^2(0,\ell)$-error for fixed end time $T$. [Left:]{} differential variables. [Right:]{} algebraic variables $(\mathsf{n})$. [Bottom:]{} The intrinsic velocity $u$ that has a special role in on first glance behaves like all the other differential variables.](L2_u_euler.eps "fig:") ![\[fig:conv\_lagrange\] Convergence of Radau IIa methods for DAEs corresponding to inflow problem in Lagrangian parameterization with enlarging domain and free end. Absolute $L^2(0,\ell(T))$-error for fixed end time $T$. [Left:]{} differential variables. [Right:]{} algebraic variables. Straight line with slope 1 indicates first order convergence.](L2_diff_comp_lagrange.eps "fig:") ![\[fig:conv\_lagrange\] Convergence of Radau IIa methods for DAEs corresponding to inflow problem in Lagrangian parameterization with enlarging domain and free end. Absolute $L^2(0,\ell(T))$-error for fixed end time $T$. [Left:]{} differential variables. [Right:]{} algebraic variables. Straight line with slope 1 indicates first order convergence.](L2_n_lagrange.eps "fig:") \[rem:grid\] For the forthcoming numerical simulations of the inflow-outflow problem in the Eulerian parameterization the choice of time step and spatial grid size follows the CFL-condition with respect to the intrinsic velocity. In the inflow problem in the Lagrangian parameterization $\triangle t$ and $\triangle \sigma$ do not need coercively to be coupled, but it turns out that they have to be adapted in view of the parameters ($\mathrm{Re}$,$\mathrm{Rb}$,$\mathrm{Fr}$) of the problem. Smaller parameters imply in general faster and larger changes in the jet dynamics which require a finer resolution. Otherwise it might happen that the used Newton method does not converge. Simulation results {#sec:4} ================== ![\[fig:euler\] Temporal evolution of rod (three depicted times) in comparison to steady result of [@arne:p:2011] for inflow-outflow set-up in 2d. Top to bottom: $\mathsf{r}$, $\alpha$, $\kappa$, $u$. Jet parameters are $\ell=1$, $\epsilon=0.1$, $\mathrm{Re}=1$. Left: $\mathrm{Rb}=1$ (string is applicable). Right: $\mathrm{Rb}=0.1$ (string fails). Note that for $u$ the scaling of the axes differs.](kurve_re1_rb1_euler.eps "fig:") ![\[fig:euler\] Temporal evolution of rod (three depicted times) in comparison to steady result of [@arne:p:2011] for inflow-outflow set-up in 2d. Top to bottom: $\mathsf{r}$, $\alpha$, $\kappa$, $u$. Jet parameters are $\ell=1$, $\epsilon=0.1$, $\mathrm{Re}=1$. Left: $\mathrm{Rb}=1$ (string is applicable). Right: $\mathrm{Rb}=0.1$ (string fails). Note that for $u$ the scaling of the axes differs.](kurve_re1_rb01_euler.eps "fig:")\ ![\[fig:euler\] Temporal evolution of rod (three depicted times) in comparison to steady result of [@arne:p:2011] for inflow-outflow set-up in 2d. Top to bottom: $\mathsf{r}$, $\alpha$, $\kappa$, $u$. Jet parameters are $\ell=1$, $\epsilon=0.1$, $\mathrm{Re}=1$. Left: $\mathrm{Rb}=1$ (string is applicable). Right: $\mathrm{Rb}=0.1$ (string fails). Note that for $u$ the scaling of the axes differs.](alpha_re1_rb1_euler.eps "fig:") ![\[fig:euler\] Temporal evolution of rod (three depicted times) in comparison to steady result of [@arne:p:2011] for inflow-outflow set-up in 2d. Top to bottom: $\mathsf{r}$, $\alpha$, $\kappa$, $u$. Jet parameters are $\ell=1$, $\epsilon=0.1$, $\mathrm{Re}=1$. Left: $\mathrm{Rb}=1$ (string is applicable). Right: $\mathrm{Rb}=0.1$ (string fails). Note that for $u$ the scaling of the axes differs.](alpha_re1_rb01_euler.eps "fig:")\ ![\[fig:euler\] Temporal evolution of rod (three depicted times) in comparison to steady result of [@arne:p:2011] for inflow-outflow set-up in 2d. Top to bottom: $\mathsf{r}$, $\alpha$, $\kappa$, $u$. Jet parameters are $\ell=1$, $\epsilon=0.1$, $\mathrm{Re}=1$. Left: $\mathrm{Rb}=1$ (string is applicable). Right: $\mathrm{Rb}=0.1$ (string fails). Note that for $u$ the scaling of the axes differs.](kappa_re1_rb1_euler.eps "fig:") ![\[fig:euler\] Temporal evolution of rod (three depicted times) in comparison to steady result of [@arne:p:2011] for inflow-outflow set-up in 2d. Top to bottom: $\mathsf{r}$, $\alpha$, $\kappa$, $u$. Jet parameters are $\ell=1$, $\epsilon=0.1$, $\mathrm{Re}=1$. Left: $\mathrm{Rb}=1$ (string is applicable). Right: $\mathrm{Rb}=0.1$ (string fails). Note that for $u$ the scaling of the axes differs.](kappa_re1_rb01_euler.eps "fig:")\ ![\[fig:euler\] Temporal evolution of rod (three depicted times) in comparison to steady result of [@arne:p:2011] for inflow-outflow set-up in 2d. Top to bottom: $\mathsf{r}$, $\alpha$, $\kappa$, $u$. Jet parameters are $\ell=1$, $\epsilon=0.1$, $\mathrm{Re}=1$. Left: $\mathrm{Rb}=1$ (string is applicable). Right: $\mathrm{Rb}=0.1$ (string fails). Note that for $u$ the scaling of the axes differs.](u_re1_rb1_euler.eps "fig:") ![\[fig:euler\] Temporal evolution of rod (three depicted times) in comparison to steady result of [@arne:p:2011] for inflow-outflow set-up in 2d. Top to bottom: $\mathsf{r}$, $\alpha$, $\kappa$, $u$. Jet parameters are $\ell=1$, $\epsilon=0.1$, $\mathrm{Re}=1$. Left: $\mathrm{Rb}=1$ (string is applicable). Right: $\mathrm{Rb}=0.1$ (string fails). Note that for $u$ the scaling of the axes differs.](u_re1_rb01_euler.eps "fig:") In this section we demonstrate the applicability of the rod model for simulating spinning processes and investigate the relevance of the instationary effects. For this purpose we present numerical results for two-dimensional and three-dimensional rotational spinning. The two-dimensional rotational spinning under the neglect of gravity can be considered as a bench-mark test scenario that has been often used in literature – e.g. for the study of strings in [@wallwork:p:2002; @goetz:p:2008; @panda:d:2006; @panda:p:2008; @hlod:d:2009] and of stationary rods in [@arne:p:2010; @arne:p:2011]. In this scenario ($\mathrm{Fr}\rightarrow \infty$) the rotation matrix $\mathsf{R}$ can be parameterized in terms of a single angle $\alpha\in[-\pi/2,0]$, see Fig. \[fig:1\]. Moreover, the number of variables reduce while the initial-boundary value problems keep their characteristic structure. The respective model equations for the Set-ups A and B in 2d are stated for completeness in the Appendix, Eqs. and . We start with the study of the longtime behavior of the instationary rods in comparison to the known stationary results of [@arne:p:2010; @arne:p:2011]. Therefore, we consider Set-up B, inflow-outflow with fixed domain in Eulerian parameterization in 2d. The length ratios are exemplary chosen as $\ell=1$ and $\epsilon=0.1$. For the instationary rod we use the straight jet as initialization at $t=0$. The temporal evolution of the rod quantities are illustrated by help of three depicted time points in Fig. \[fig:euler\] showing two different sets of parameters. We clearly observe the convergence of the instationary solutions to the stationary ones as time increases, $t\rightarrow \infty$. The case $\mathrm{Re}=1=\mathrm{Rb}$ (Fig. \[fig:euler\], left) lies in the parameter regime where also the string model is applicable. As $\epsilon\rightarrow 0$ the rod solution coincides with the string solution in consistency to the theoretical results (rod-to-string-convergence proof in [@arne:p:2011]). The other case $\mathrm{Re}=1$, $\mathrm{Rb}=0.1$ represents a jet of same viscosity, but exposed to faster rotations. In this regime the strings fail. Figure \[fig:euler\] shows here instationary jet simulations which can be similarly performed for the general three-dimensional inflow-outflow set-up with $\mathrm{Fr}<\infty$. ![\[fig:vanish\_vis\] Time-dependencies of center-line for viscous jet spinning up to length $\ell$ (Set-up A) in comparison to stationary result computed with same fixed length $\ell$ in Set-up B. Jet parameters in 2d are $\epsilon=0.1$, $\mathrm{Rb}=1$. Left: $\mathrm{Re}=100$ (jet growing along stationary curve). Right: $\mathrm{Re}=1$ (dynamic curve approaching stationary behavior at nozzle for $t$ large).](kurve_re100_rb1_lag.eps "fig:") ![\[fig:vanish\_vis\] Time-dependencies of center-line for viscous jet spinning up to length $\ell$ (Set-up A) in comparison to stationary result computed with same fixed length $\ell$ in Set-up B. Jet parameters in 2d are $\epsilon=0.1$, $\mathrm{Rb}=1$. Left: $\mathrm{Re}=100$ (jet growing along stationary curve). Right: $\mathrm{Re}=1$ (dynamic curve approaching stationary behavior at nozzle for $t$ large).](kurve_re1_rb1_lag.eps "fig:") Time-dependencies play a crucial role for highly viscous jets. Considering the spinning of highly viscous jets (Set-up A, inflow with free jet end) the instationary jet center-line is an important feature as experiments [@wong:p:2004] and corresponding instationary string simulations [@decent:p:2009; @marheineke:p:2009; @panda:p:2008] show. Figure \[fig:vanish\_vis\] illustrates the well-known effect for the rod model. Whereas for inviscid flows (large $\mathrm{Re}$) the jet grows along a trajectory that coincides with the stationary jet curve computed for a certain length (according to Set-up B), the center-line for a viscous flow (small and moderate $\mathrm{Re}$) is clearly dynamic. However, for long-time it approaches to the stationary jet behavior near the nozzle. So, the stationary simulations of the inflow-outflow set-up turn out to be very suitable for studying the jet’s properties close to the spinning nozzle. This hypothesis was already used for the design of production processes of technical textiles in [@arne:p:2012], and it is now confirmed for all parameter regimes. ![\[fig:vergl\_panda\_2d\] Growing jet with free end (Set-up A in 2d), $\epsilon=0.1$. Left: $\mathrm{Re}=1$, $\mathrm{Rb}=4$ (classical string regime, cf. string results [@panda:d:2006]). Right: $\mathrm{Re}=\mathrm{Rb}=0.1$. Note that depicted time points are chosen with respect to the dynamics.](kurve_re1_rb4_vergl_panda.eps "fig:") ![\[fig:vergl\_panda\_2d\] Growing jet with free end (Set-up A in 2d), $\epsilon=0.1$. Left: $\mathrm{Re}=1$, $\mathrm{Rb}=4$ (classical string regime, cf. string results [@panda:d:2006]). Right: $\mathrm{Re}=\mathrm{Rb}=0.1$. Note that depicted time points are chosen with respect to the dynamics.](kurve_re01_rb01_lag.eps "fig:") ![\[fig:vergl\_panda\] Growing jet with free end, Set-up A in 3d with 2d projections of top view (bottom), $\epsilon=0.1$. Left: $\mathrm{Re}=1$, $\mathrm{Rb}=2$, $\mathrm{Fr}=2$ (classical string regime, cf. string results [@panda:p:2008]). Right: $\mathrm{Re}=\mathrm{Rb}=\mathrm{Fr}=0.1$. Note that depicted time points are chosen with respect to the dynamics.](kurve_re1_rb2_fr2_3d_plot.eps "fig:") ![\[fig:vergl\_panda\] Growing jet with free end, Set-up A in 3d with 2d projections of top view (bottom), $\epsilon=0.1$. Left: $\mathrm{Re}=1$, $\mathrm{Rb}=2$, $\mathrm{Fr}=2$ (classical string regime, cf. string results [@panda:p:2008]). Right: $\mathrm{Re}=\mathrm{Rb}=\mathrm{Fr}=0.1$. Note that depicted time points are chosen with respect to the dynamics.](kurve_re01_rb01_fr01_3d_plot.eps "fig:")\ ![\[fig:vergl\_panda\] Growing jet with free end, Set-up A in 3d with 2d projections of top view (bottom), $\epsilon=0.1$. Left: $\mathrm{Re}=1$, $\mathrm{Rb}=2$, $\mathrm{Fr}=2$ (classical string regime, cf. string results [@panda:p:2008]). Right: $\mathrm{Re}=\mathrm{Rb}=\mathrm{Fr}=0.1$. Note that depicted time points are chosen with respect to the dynamics.](kurve_re1_rb2_fr2_projekt_2d.eps "fig:") ![\[fig:vergl\_panda\] Growing jet with free end, Set-up A in 3d with 2d projections of top view (bottom), $\epsilon=0.1$. Left: $\mathrm{Re}=1$, $\mathrm{Rb}=2$, $\mathrm{Fr}=2$ (classical string regime, cf. string results [@panda:p:2008]). Right: $\mathrm{Re}=\mathrm{Rb}=\mathrm{Fr}=0.1$. Note that depicted time points are chosen with respect to the dynamics.](kurve_re01_rb01_fr01_projekt_2d.eps "fig:") We come now to the results for the jet spinning (Set-up A) with arbitrarily chosen parameters and free end, whose efficient numerical handling is of main importance and interest for industrial applications in future. Figure \[fig:vergl\_panda\_2d\] presents a growing jet in 2d for two different sets of parameters. The case $\mathrm{Re}=1$, $\mathrm{Rb}=4$ (Fig. \[fig:vergl\_panda\_2d\], left) has been already tackled by Panda [@panda:d:2006] using the string model. We use here the same depicted time points for the rod with $\epsilon=0.1$, the results are in very good agreement as $\epsilon \rightarrow 0$. The other case $\mathrm{Re}=0.1=\mathrm{Rb}$ (Fig. \[fig:vergl\_panda\_2d\], right) lies outside of the applicability regime of the strings. So far, no respective simulations did exist. As expected the instationary Cosserat rod model opens the full parameter range to the simulation. This also holds true for the three-dimensional rotational spinning including gravity. Figure \[fig:vergl\_panda\] shows the jet dynamics with respect to two arbitrary parameter tuples: one is chosen in the (classical) string regime, the other one outside of it. The parameter tuple associated to the string regime is taken from [@panda:p:2008], the results of rod and string model agree as in 2d. The string model in general fails when facing high forces exposed to (highly) viscous jets (small $\mathrm{Re}$, $\mathrm{Rb}$, $\mathrm{Fr}$). The large deformations imply boundary layers which cause singularities in the solution and a break-down of theory (model) and numerics. The rod model overcomes this limitation since it is an $\epsilon$-regularization of the string. This fact is strict in theory for $\epsilon \neq 0$ and holds numerically as long as $\epsilon$ is evidently larger than zero (machine precision). As for the performance of the simulations, we already mentioned in Remark \[rem:grid\] that the applied discretization ($\triangle t$, $\triangle \sigma$) depends crucially on the considered problem parameters. Smaller parameters imply faster, larger changes in the dynamics and higher elongation $e$ which require a finer resolution. Theoretically, all parameter settings could be computed by help of our proposed scheme, but the simulations are practically restricted to problems with moderate elongation $e\leq 50$ due to the drastically increasing computational effort. This is no drawback for many spinning processes. But for example in industrial processes (like melt-blown) that are driven by turbulent air flows much higher elongations are observed. Conclusion ========== The simulation of viscous jet spinning requires the efficient numerical handling of a slender enlarging flow domain with free end that is (highly) dynamic due to acting forces. We have proposed a finite volume approach with Radau time integration for the viscous Cosserat rod model consisting of a system of partial and ordinary differential equations that becomes stiff for small slenderness ratio $\epsilon$. The Cosserat rod is an $\epsilon$-regularization of the well-established asymptotic string models whose applicability are restricted to certain parameter settings. We have demonstrated the rod’s superiority and large potential in view of industrial applications by performing instationary simulations of rotational spinning under gravity for arbitrary parameter ranges, for which the hitherto investigations in literature longed and failed. The work has also addressed the open question of a free end. The established numerical scheme allows the easy incorporation of further practically relevant effects, like temperature dependencies and aerodynamic forces. This will be proceeded in future. The time and space discretizations depend on the considered problem parameters: small parameters cause fast, large deformations and high elongation which require a fine resolution. Due to the drastically increasing computational effort the use of our scheme is practically limited to problems with moderate elongations, so far. In view of turbulence-driven processes that yield very high elongations we intend to get rid of this bottle-neck by investigating appropriate refinement strategies. Appendix {#appendix .unnumbered} ======== For completeness we state here the model simplifications of and for the two-dimensional rotational spinning scenario where gravity is neglected ($\mathrm{Fr}\rightarrow \infty$), cf. Fig. \[fig:1\]. The rotation is parameterized in terms of a single angle $\alpha\in[-\pi/2,0]$. Moreover, we set $\mathsf{v}=(v_2,v_3)$, $\mathsf{v}^\perp=(-v_3,v_2)$, $\omega=\omega_1$, and all other quantities analogously. With $\Omega=\Omega_1$ and rotation matrix $$\begin{aligned} \mathsf{R}(\alpha)=\left(\begin{array}{c c} \sin \alpha & -\cos \alpha \\ \cos \alpha & \sin \alpha \end{array} \right)\end{aligned}$$ we obtain after renumbering, i.e. $(z_2,z_3)$ becomes $(z_1,z_2)$ for all $\mathsf{z}$, the following two-dimensional systems. ### Set-up A in 2d: inflow in Lagrangian parameterization, cf. {#set-up-a-in-2d-inflow-in-lagrangian-parameterization-cf. .unnumbered} $$\begin{aligned} \label{eq:L_2d} \mathsf{R}(\alpha) \cdot \partial_t \mathsf{\breve{r}} &= \mathsf{v}\\ \nonumber \partial_t \alpha &= \mathsf{\omega}\\ \nonumber \partial_t (e\mathsf{e_2}) & = \partial_{\sigma} \mathsf{v} + \kappa \mathsf{v}^\perp + \mathsf{\omega}e \mathsf{e_1}\\ \nonumber \partial_t \mathsf{\kappa} & = \partial_{\sigma} \mathsf{\omega} \\ \nonumber \partial_t\mathsf{v} &=\frac{1}{\mathrm{Re}}( \partial_{\sigma} \mathsf{n} + \mathsf{\kappa}\mathsf{n}^\perp) - \omega {\sf v}^\perp-\frac{2}{\mathrm{Rb}} {\sf v}^\perp + \frac{1}{\mathrm{Rb^2}} {\sf R}(\alpha)\cdot {\sf \breve r}\\ \nonumber \partial_t \frac{\mathsf{\omega}}{e} &= \frac{4}{\mathrm{Re}}\partial_\sigma m -\frac{16}{\epsilon^2 \mathrm{Re}}{n_1} + \frac{1}{\mathrm{Rb}}\frac{\partial_te}{e^2}\end{aligned}$$ with $$\begin{aligned} n_2=3\frac{1}{e^2}(\partial_\sigma v_2+\kappa v_1), \quad \quad \quad m=\frac{3}{4}\frac{\partial_\sigma \omega}{e^3}\,.\end{aligned}$$ ### Set-up B in 2d: inflow-outflow in Eulerian parameterization, cf. {#set-up-b-in-2d-inflow-outflow-in-eulerian-parameterization-cf. .unnumbered} $$\begin{aligned} \label{eq:E_2d} \mathsf{R}(\alpha) \cdot \partial_t \mathsf{\breve{r}} &= \mathsf{v} -u \mathsf{e_2}\\ \nonumber \partial_t \alpha &= \mathsf{\omega}-u\kappa \\ \nonumber \partial_s (u\mathsf{e_2}) & = \partial_s \mathsf{v} + \kappa \mathsf{v}^\perp + \mathsf{\omega} \mathsf{e_1}\\ \nonumber \partial_t \mathsf{\kappa} + \partial_s (u \mathsf{\kappa}) & = \partial_s \mathsf{\omega} \\ \nonumber \partial_t A + \partial_s (u A) & = 0\\ \nonumber \partial_t(A \mathsf{v}) + \partial_s(u A \mathsf{v}) &=\frac{1}{\mathrm{Re}}( \partial_s \mathsf{n} + \mathsf{\kappa}\mathsf{n}^\perp) - A \omega {\sf v}^\perp -\frac{2}{\mathrm{Rb}} A{\sf v}^\perp + \frac{1}{\mathrm{Rb^2}}A {\sf R}(\alpha)\cdot {\sf \breve r}\\ \nonumber \partial_t (A^2\mathsf{\omega}) + \partial_s(u A^2 {\omega}) &= \frac{4}{\mathrm{Re}}\partial_s m -\frac{16}{\epsilon^2 \mathrm{Re}}{n_1} + \frac{1}{\mathrm{Rb}}A^2\partial_s u\end{aligned}$$ with $$\begin{aligned} n_2=3A\partial_s u, \quad \quad m=\frac{3}{4}A^2 \partial_s \mathsf{\omega}.\end{aligned}$$ For the simulations in Section \[sec:4\], the system is initialized with the straight jet that leaves the nozzle perpendicularly, $$\begin{aligned} r_1(s,0)&=s+1 && r_2(s,0)=0 && \alpha(s,0)=0 \\ \kappa(s,0)&=0 && u(s,0)=1 && n_1(s,0)=0 \\ A(s,0)&=1 && A\mathsf{v}(s,0)=(0,1) && A^2\omega(s,0)=0\,.\end{aligned}$$ \ [Acknowledgments.]{} This work has been supported by German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Schwerpunkt “Mathematik für Innovationen in Industrie und Dienstleistungen”, Projekt 03MS606. 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#!/usr/bin/env python """ Simple JavaScript Checker Module for Grabber v0.1 Copyright (C) 2006 - Romain Gaucher - http://rgaucher.info - Look at the JavaScript Source... """ import sys, re, os from spider import htmlencode from xml.sax import * # Need PyXML [http://pyxml.sourceforge.net/] # JavaScript Configuration variables jsAnalyzerBin= None jsAnalyzerInputParam = None jsAnalyzerOutputParam = None jsAnalyzerConfParam = None jsAnalyzerConfFile= None jsAnalyzerExtension = None jsAnalyzerPattern = None # { 'FILENAME' : { 'line' : ['error 1', 'error 2'] } } jsDatabase = {} """ <?xml version="1.0"?> <!-- JavaScript Source Code Analyzer configuration file --> <javascript version="0.1"> <!-- Analyzer information, here JavaScript Lint by Matthias Miller http://www.JavaScriptLint.com --> <analyzer> <path input="-process" output="">C:\server\jsl-0.3.0\jsl.exe</path> <configuration param="-conf">C:\server\jsl-0.3.0\jsl.grabber.conf</configuration> <extension>js</extension> </analyzer> </javascript> """ def normalize_whitespace(text): return ' '.join(text.split()) def clear_whitespace(text): return text.replace(' ','') # Handle the XML file with a SAX Parser class JavaScriptConfHandler(ContentHandler): def __init__(self): self.inAnalyzer = False self.string = "" def startElement(self, name, attrs): global jsAnalyzerInputParam, jsAnalyzerOutputParam, jsAnalyzerConfParam self.string = "" self.currentKeys = [] if name == 'analyzer': self.inAnalyzer = True elif name == 'path' and self.inAnalyzer: # store the attributes input and output if 'input' in attrs.keys() and 'output' in attrs.keys(): jsAnalyzerInputParam = attrs.getValue('input') jsAnalyzerOutputParam = attrs.getValue('output') else: raise KeyError("JavaScriptXMLConf: <path> needs 'input' and 'output' attributes") elif name == 'configuration' and self.inAnalyzer: # store the attribute 'param' if 'param' in attrs.keys(): jsAnalyzerConfParam = attrs.getValue('param') else: raise KeyError("JavaScriptXMLConf: <configuration> needs 'param' attribute") def characters(self, ch): self.string = self.string + ch def endElement(self, name): global jsAnalyzerBin, jsAnalyzerConfFile, jsAnalyzerExtension,jsAnalyzerPattern if name == 'configuration': jsAnalyzerConfFile = normalize_whitespace(self.string) elif name == 'extension' and self.inAnalyzer: jsAnalyzerExtension = normalize_whitespace(self.string) elif name == 'path' and self.inAnalyzer: jsAnalyzerBin = normalize_whitespace(self.string) elif name == "analyzer": self.inAnalyzer = False elif name == "pattern": jsAnalyzerPattern = normalize_whitespace(self.string) def execCmd(program, args): buff = [] p = os.popen(program + " " + args) buff = p.readlines() p.close() return buff def generateListOfFiles(localDB, urlGlobal): global jsDatabase """ Create a ghost in ./local/crystal/current and /local/crystal/analyzed And run the SwA tool """ regScripts = re.compile(r'(.*).' + jsAnalyzerExtension + '$', re.I) # escape () and [] localRegOutput = jsAnalyzerPattern localRegOutput = localRegOutput.replace('(', '$') localRegOutput = localRegOutput.replace(')', '$') localRegOutput = localRegOutput.replace('[', '\[') localRegOutput = localRegOutput.replace(']', '\]') localRegOutput = localRegOutput.replace(':', '\:') localRegOutput = localRegOutput.replace('__LINE__', '(\d+)') localRegOutput = localRegOutput.replace('__FILENAME__', '(.+)') localRegOutput = localRegOutput.replace('__ERROR__', '(.+)') regOutput = re.compile('^'+localRegOutput+'$', re.I) print "Running the static analysis tool..." for file in localDB: print file file = file.replace(urlGlobal + '/', '') fileIn = os.path.abspath(os.path.join('./local', file)) cmdLine = jsAnalyzerConfParam + " " +jsAnalyzerConfFile + " " + jsAnalyzerInputParam + " " + fileIn if jsAnalyzerOutputParam != "": cmdLine += " " + jsAnalyzerOutputParam + " " + fileIn+'.jslint' output = execCmd(jsAnalyzerBin, cmdLine) # Analyze the output for o in output: lO = o.replace('\n','') if regOutput.match(lO): out = regOutput.search(lO) if file not in jsDatabase: jsDatabase[file] = {} line = clear_whitespace(out.group(2)) if line not in jsDatabase[file]: jsDatabase[file][line] = [] jsDatabase[file][line].append(normalize_whitespace(out.group(3))) # sort the dictionary # + file # + lines def process(urlGlobal, localDB, attack_list): """ Crystal Module entry point """ print "JavaScript Module Start" try: f = open("javascript.conf.xml", 'r') f.close() except IOError: print "The javascript module needs the 'javascript.conf.xml' configuration file." sys.exit(1) parser = make_parser() js_handler = JavaScriptConfHandler() # Tell the parser to use our handler parser.setContentHandler(js_handler) try: parser.parse("javascript.conf.xml") except KeyError, e: print e sys.exit(1) # only a white box testing... generateListOfFiles(localDB,urlGlobal) # create the report plop = open('results/javascript_Grabber.xml','w') plop.write("<javascript>\n") plop.write("<site>\n") for file in jsDatabase: plop.write("\t<file name='%s'>\n" % file) for line in jsDatabase[file]: if len(jsDatabase[file][line]) > 1: plop.write("\t\t<line number='%s'>\n" % line) for error in jsDatabase[file][line]: plop.write("\t\t\t<error>%s</error>\n" % htmlencode(error)) plop.write("\t\t</line>\n") else: plop.write("\t\t<line number='%s'>%s</line>\n" % (line, htmlencode(jsDatabase[file][line][0]))) plop.write("\t</file>\n") plop.write("</site>\n") plop.write("</javascript>\n") plop.close()
Parametric analysis of the inductively coupled plasma. A systematic parametric study of an LTE (local thermodynamic equilibrium) mathematical model of pure inductively coupled argon plasma (ICAP) used for spectrochemical purposes was performed by means of computer simulations. The spatial distributions of temperature, gas velocity, magnetic field and energy losses were investigated under typical plasma operating conditions as function of the ICAP geometrical dimensions and dynamic parameters. These theoretical calculations can be used to predict the properties of the applied plasma in the course of practical work, to choose the optimal conditions by changing the operating parameters and to interpret existing analytical results.
// // Prefix header // // The contents of this file are implicitly included at the beginning of every source file. // #ifdef __OBJC__ #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #define EXP_SHORTHAND #import <Specta/Specta.h> #import <Expecta/Expecta.h> #endif
Q: How to hide angular element on click event I have a situation somewhat like this below code. I have a delete button on view cart page when it is pressed an API is called to delete the product and I just hide the product div tag to avoid page reload initially. How to hide multiple products one by one var app = angular.module('myApp', []); app.controller('myCtrl', function($scope) { $scope.hide = function(){ //WHAT SHOULD GO HERE } }); <html> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.4.8/angular.min.js"></script> <body> <div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="myCtrl" > <h5 ng-click="hide()" ng-repeat="x in [0,1,2,3,4,5,6]">{{x}}<!-- HOW TO USE ng-hide HERE --></h5> </div> </body> </html> A: You can have following in your HTML: <h5 ng-hide="hide{{$index}}" ng-click="hide($index)" ng-repeat="x in [0,1,2,3,4,5,6]">{{x}}</h5> Now, your hide() function would look like this, $scope.hide = function(index){ $scope['hide'+index] = true } That should hide numbers on click. Here's working example! var app = angular.module('myApp', []); app.controller('myCtrl', function($scope) { $scope.hide = function(index){ $scope['hide'+index] = true } }); <html> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.4.8/angular.min.js"></script> <body> <div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="myCtrl" > <h5 ng-hide="hide{{$index}}" ng-click="hide($index)" ng-repeat="x in [0,1,2,3,4,5,6]">{{x}}<!-- HOW TO USE ng-hide HERE --></h5> </div> </body> </html>
This invention relates generally to the field of automobiles, and in particular, to a system and method of controlling the coastdown of an automobile. Conventional automobiles typically include speed control software that controls the speed of the engine under various driving conditions. This software may consist of a number of operating modes. For example, such software may include a xe2x80x9ccoastdownxe2x80x9d control mode that controls the rate of deceleration of the vehicle, which prevents engine stalls in low speed driving scenarios such as those encountered in parking lots and improves the driveability of the vehicle. Typically, the coastdown control mode is active when the throttle is closed and the vehicle is moving. The speed control software may also include an idle speed control mode that controls the speed of the engine under idle conditions. In operation, the speed control software transitions from the coastdown control mode (while the vehicle is decelerating) to the idle speed control mode (after the speed of the vehicle drops below a predetermined vehicle speed calibration). Conventional coastdown control systems typically employ a mass airflow MAF-based methodology for the coastdown control mode. The MAF-based methodology is generally a closed loop control algorithm based on a desired engine mass airflow. However, it does not have MPH feedback to control the deceleration rate directly, and it does not have engine speed (i.e. RPM) feedback to control engine speed sags or droops, which may lead to engine stalls. There are many other disadvantages to these conventional coastdown control systems. For example, there are typically many variables that must be considered in determining the desired MAF. In particular, there are many open loop terms that are required to determine the desired MAF in order to take into account the various engine load and operational conditions. This in turn results in the need for a significant amount of software and memory (i.e. RAM and ROM) to implement this control strategy, which increases the cost of the overall control system considerably. Moreover, a tremendous amount of time is required to calibrate the large number of variables that must be taken into account. This also adds considerable cost to the control system. Finally, the transition between the coastdown mode and the idle speed control mode is very complex because the coastdown mode is typically MAF based while the idle speed control is typically engine speed (RPM) based. Any discontinuities between these modes can lead to engine stalls. This problem is compounded if any loads to the engine are applied simultaneously. Accordingly, it would be desirable to have a system and method of controlling the coastdown of a vehicle that overcomes the disadvantages described above. One aspect of the invention provides a method of controlling the coastdown of a vehicle. A base engine speed reference is determined. A speed of the vehicle is sensed, and a target engine speed is generated from the base engine speed reference and the speed of the vehicle. An actual engine speed is sensed. A desired throttle position is determined by a speed controller based on a difference between the target engine speed and the actual engine speed. A desired spark advance is determined for the engine by the speed controller based on the difference between the target engine speed and actual engine speed. A gear shift of a transmission may preferably be sensed, and the desired throttle position may preferably be adjusted in response to the gear shift. A turbine speed of a transmission may also be sensed, and the target engine speed may be generated from the base engine speed reference, the speed of the vehicle, and the turbine speed. A gear of the transmission may also be sensed. The target engine speed may preferably be generated from the base engine speed reference, the speed of the vehicle, the turbine speed of the transmission, and the gear. A coolant temperature may preferably be sensed, and the base engine speed reference may be determined from the coolant temperature. The ambient air pressure may also be sensed, and the base engine speed reference may be determined from the ambient air pressure. Whether a desired deceleration rate is occurring based on the speed of the vehicle may be determined. An offset may preferably be generated if the desired deceleration rate is not occurring. The offset may preferably be applied to the target engine speed to achieve the desired deceleration rate. A coastdown turbine speed reference may preferably be generated as a difference between the turbine speed and a calibrated coastdown turbine speed reference. The coast down turbine speed reference may preferably be applied to the target engine speed to minimize a bump felt through the drivetrain and vehicle chassis. Another aspect of the invention provides a method of controlling the coastdown of a vehicle. A transmission including a plurality of gears is provided. The transmission is operatively coupled to the engine, and a driveline is operatively coupled to the transmission. A throttle is in communication with the engine to regulate the amount of airflow to the engine. A base engine speed reference is determined. A speed of the vehicle is sensed from the driveline, and a turbine speed and a gear are both sensed from the transmission. A target engine speed is generated from the base engine speed reference, the turbine speed, the gear, and the speed of the vehicle. An actual engine speed is sensed, and a desired throttle position is determined by a speed controller based on a difference between the target engine speed and the actual engine speed. A desired spark advance for the engine is determined by the speed controller based on the difference between the target engine speed and actual engine speed. A gear shift from the transmission is sensed, and the desired throttle position is adjusted in response to the gear shift. Another aspect of the invention provides a system for controlling the coastdown of a vehicle including a basic reference calculator that determines a base engine speed reference. Means for sensing a speed of the vehicle is provided. A reference trajectory generator is also provided that generates a target engine speed from the base engine speed reference and the speed of the vehicle. Means for sensing an actual engine speed is provided. A speed controller determines a desired throttle position based on a difference between the target engine speed and the actual engine speed and a desired spark advance for the engine based on the difference between the target engine speed and actual engine speed. A means for sensing a gear shift of a transmission may also be provided. A downshift feedforward controller adjusts the desired throttle position in response to the gear shift. A means for sensing a turbine speed of a transmission may also be provided so that the reference trajectory generator generates the target engine speed from the base engine speed reference, the speed of the vehicle, and the turbine speed. A gear of the transmission may be sensed so that the reference trajectory generator generates the target engine speed from the base engine speed reference, the speed of the vehicle, the turbine speed of the transmission, and the gear. A means for sensing a coolant temperature may preferably be provided wherein the basic reference calculator determines the base engine speed reference from the coolant temperature. A means for sensing ambient air pressure may also be provided wherein the basic reference calculator determines the base engine speed reference from the ambient air pressure. Another aspect of the invention provides a program for controlling the coastdown of a vehicle. Computer readable program code determines a base engine speed reference and senses a speed of the vehicle. Computer readable program code generates a target engine speed from the base engine speed reference and the speed of the vehicle. Computer readable program code senses an actual engine speed and determines a desired throttle position based on a difference between the target engine speed and the actual engine speed. Computer readable program code determines a desired spark advance for the engine based on the difference between the target engine speed and actual engine speed. Computer readable program code may preferably sense a gear shift of a transmission and may adjust the desired throttle position in response to the gear shift. Computer readable program code may also preferably sense a turbine speed of a transmission, and generate the target engine speed from the base engine speed reference, the speed of the vehicle, and the turbine speed. Computer readable program code may preferably sense a gear of the transmission, and may preferably generate the target engine speed from the base engine speed reference, the speed of the vehicle, the turbine speed of the transmission, and the gear. Computer readable program code may preferably sense a coolant temperature, and may preferably determine the base engine speed reference from the coolant temperature. Computer readable program code may preferably sense ambient air pressure, and may preferably determine the base engine speed reference from the ambient air pressure. The invention provides the foregoing and other features, and the advantages of the invention will become further apparent from the following detailed description of the presently preferred embodiments, read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The detailed description and drawings are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
For many years, major U.S. entertainment companies have been trying to gain the power to make websites disappear from the Internet at their say-so. The Internet blacklist bills SOPA and PIPA were part of that strategy, along with the Department of Homeland Security’s project of seizing websites that someone accused of copyright infringement. Hollywood’s quest for more censorship power was on display again today at a House of Representatives committee hearing that was supposed to be discussing reforms at ICANN, the nonprofit organization that oversees the Internet’s domain name system. Two men are going to fight this weekend, and HBO and Showtime have already thrown the first punch in the legal fight over online streaming of the match. Taking advantage of an increasingly abused loophole in copyright law, they have just won a court order requiring a host of third parties to block access to sites that may stream the fight. In other words, if you run a Wi-Fi network (for example, you’re a coffee shop) and someone may use your network to watch the Pacquiao/Mayweather fight via unauthorized sources, HBO and Showtime think they can force you to block your customers’ access. Brazil's Marco Civil law contains vigorous language intended to protect free expression, and a stable, secure and neutral network in Brazil. But as we have noted before, such laws must be interpreted and enforced appropriately to be effective. A good Internet law can quickly turn bad if incorrectly or improperly applied.
Sufentanil pharmacokinetics in neurosurgical patients. The effects of respiratory alkalosis and dehydration on the pharmacokinetics of sufentanil have been determined. Forty neurosurgical patients entered the study: group I (n = 20) had spinal surgery while group II (n = 20) had elective craniotomies. All patients received a single intravenous bolus of sufentanil (2 micrograms/kg) during induction of anesthesia. Patients in group II received furosemide (40 mg) and mannitol (1 g/kg) prior to surgery and were hyperventilated to a PaCO2 below 30 mmHg. The anesthetic management was identical in both groups. Arterial blood samples were collected to determine sufentanil concentrations (RIA), blood gases, pH, hematocrit and electrolytes. Patients in group II had significantly higher blood pH and urinary output when compared to group I (p less than 0.05). Plasma sufentanil concentrations were best fitted to a bi-exponential curve and the pharmacokinetic variables calculated using a curve stripping program (STRIPE). No significant differences were observed between groups regarding plasma sufentanil concentrations or pharmacokinetic parameters. Our results demonstrate that respiratory alkalosis and dehydration do not alter the pharmacokinetics of sufentanil after intravenous bolus administration.
How to capture a metallic man Not one but two actors would ultimately be stand-ins for the cg Colossus. On set, stunt performer Andre Tricoteux wore a motion capture suit with an extended helmet that matched the height of the final cg character. Tricoteux also wore, for lighting reference and interaction, a collection of clothing including gloves, a chest piece, and strips of metal. He was there with the actors so that they had eyelines and for the filmmakers to frame shots. Then, actor Stefan Kapicic – who is the voice of Colossus – also performed a round of body and facial motion capture. He would sometimes wear a helmet-mounted facial capture rig, or perform in front of a specialized camera capture unit to deliver dialogue for specific scenes. Translating facial mocap to a metal face Although it had that facial capture data, Framestore wound up using the capture only for reference and instead reproduced a matching version with the studio’s own facial rig. “Since we adjusted his facial animation so much, it was just simply more efficient to spend some time matching the performance with our own rig and then work from there to create the desired face made of metal,” explained Framestore animation supervisor Bernd Angerer, who worked with the production’s overall visual effects supervisor Dan Glass. “It looked similar enough to recognize the original performance but had that special metallic feel that we didn’t get out of just using the data.” Indeed, establishing the way Colossus’ face moved as he talked was a major challenge for Framestore. Did his metal constituency mean that everything needed to be stiff? Or should it look more like a real human face? In the end, it was somewhat of a balance. “Playing with different interpolation styles between shapes allowed us to emulate the feel of thick material in the ‘fleshy’ parts of the face,” said Angerer. “This effect was further supported by the way the blend shapes were sculpted with a short fall off, so his animation was always very localized. In the animation of these shapes we aimed to suggest some sort of ‘material build up’ when for example lips curl, or cheeks rise. We also manipulated the speed and snappiness of the jaw and maintained a stern, military look by using simplified but expressive shapes, especially on the brows.” One way Framestore maintained this stern appearance was by not adding any eye blinks to Colossus. However, some slight ‘noise’ was added to his face in selected movements, such as providing for slight jitter with jaw openings or imperfections on the cheeks. “We also allowed small movements on earlobes and the tip of the nose to keep the face alive,” added Angerer. “The process was more a reduction of movement compared to the facial reference.” Metal motion Similar thinking went into the way Colossus’ body should move when he was walking, running, and fighting. Motion capture here was again used for reference, but since the character was eight feet tall and made of metal, a large keyframing effort was required. “We applied an almost 20 percent slow down by default to all the captured references,” said Angerer. “That number is based on the difference in scale between any human performer and Colossus.” “In our experimentations we went from very smooth human moves to very stiff, almost statuesque poses,” added Angerer. “In the end we found a good balance between him being a tall, tense authority that barely moves in some moments and a fierce, athletic fighter with a surprising range of motions and expressiveness in other situations. The deciding factor was his situation, when he was content we kept him stiff, in the moments he becomes agitated and emotional, Colossus is also more animated and smoother in his movements.”
eXtplorer - PHP-based File Manager New Homepage for eXtplorer.net The eXtplorer homepage has been renewed. I was using the old layout for around 4 years now and it was time to "refresh" it a little bit. Besides that I also upgraded the server to the latest Ubuntu LTS release and switched to a far more updated version of Redmine for this site.I hope you like it!
Bizarre Foods Chicago's Cutting Edge From exotic ingredients to innovative techniques, Andrew Zimmern finds foodies in Chicago are pushing the limits. From a dish made with whale vomit, to soup that smells like a dead body, Chicago feeds his adventurous appetite.
WASHINGTON - As the results come in from Iowa Monday night, keep an eye on a map of the returns. Where candidates are winning and losing could be just as important as the final tally. Iowa is home to different kinds of communities and voters and Monday’s results could offer a glimpse of what various parts of the Democratic primary electorate think about the 2020 field. Consider this your caucus night cheat sheet for the places to watch. Let’s start with Johnson and Story counties, home of the state’s big universities, Iowa and Iowa State. As you might expect the colleges play an oversized role in both of these communities. More than 50 percent of the 25-and-over population in each has at least a bachelor’s degree and more than 20 percent of the population in each is enrolled in college in some way — undergrad or graduate. If Sen. Bernie Sanders is having a good night, these two counties should fall solidly in his column. They were Sanders territory in 2016, and by comfortable margins. Back in 2008, they both went heavily for Barack Obama. Winning here would bode well for Sanders in the weeks and months ahead in college town counties such as Pickens in South Carolina, Boulder in Colorado, Washtenaw in Michigan and Boone in Missouri. And that would bode well for his campaign as a whole. Counties like those were a key foundation of Sanders’ support in 2016. Let our news meet your inbox. The news and stories that matters, delivered weekday mornings. This site is protected by recaptcha The eastern side of Iowa is more about small manufacturing than agriculture. And a trio of counties, Black Hawk, Linn and Scott are good places to watch the state’s blue-collar vote. Those counties, home to Waterloo, Cedar Rapids and Davenport respectively, all sit above the state (and national) average for manufacturing employment. They are the state’s largest population centers outside of the Des Moines and University of Iowa areas. Vice President Joe Biden wants to win these counties Monday night. These are the kinds of places were his Scranton, Pennsylvania roots should make a difference. Sanders won all three of these counties in 2016 and it wound up being a sign of his ability to reach beyond just young college-age voters. That was also true for Obama in 2008, who carried all three of these counties. There is a lot of terrain like these counties ahead on the Democratic calendar, particularly in the Industrial Midwest — Pennsylvania, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin. They are important turf. The biggest prize in the caucuses is Des Moines and its suburbs. Polk and Dallas counties are good places to see what might be thought of as Iowa’s big city, establishment Democratic vote. Polk and Dallas are both above the state average for household income and college graduates. They are also growing much faster than the state as a whole. In that way, they are different from the rest of the state are in line with larger national urban growth trends. These counties may be the biggest unknown for Monday night, and therefore the most crucial. They hold some markers on education and income that should make them good turf for Sen. Elizabeth Warren, but they also hold more traditional establishment voters that could place them with Biden. And a fragmented field could push Sanders over the top. Big wins in these two counties were key to Hillary Clinton winning Iowa very narrowly in 2016. And Obama won them by tight margins in 2008 on his way to winning the caucuses that year. But again, watch the margins here. If the vote in Polk and Dallas is tight it may mean that urban/suburban, establishment Democrats are divided on their choices. Away from the college towns and blue-collar hubs and urban areas, much of Iowa is more sparsely populated and driven by agriculture, particularly on the western side of the state in counties such as Fremont, Harrison, Lyon, Mills, Monona, Plymouth and Sioux. These counties can reveal something about the mindset of Democrats in the state’s rural centers. These seven counties are all above the state average for agricultural employment and all have populations of less than 35,000 — most significantly less. Rural communities tend to be conservative, and every one of these counties voted Donald Trump in the general election in 2016. But remember the caucuses are tallying Democratic votes and in some of these communities that vote leans further left than one might expect. These counties could be Sanders country Monday night. The Vermont Democrat won four of the seven in the 2016 caucuses. And in subsequent nominating contests, rural communities were a strength for him, showing something akin to a latter-day prairie populism. Monday will offer a hint of whether that trend may reappear in 2020. Of course, Iowa is just the first contest in what could be a very long nominating process for the Democrats. Jumping to broad conclusions on Monday’s winner and losers may be a mistake. The picture will change as candidates drop out of the race. But the patterns outlined here are worth watching. They’ll likely have meaning for the contests that, come post-Iowa. And after Monday night that’s where everyone’s attention will turn.
Q: Embed Images in emails created using SQL Server Database Mail I'm working on an email solution in SQL Server ONLY that will use Database Mail to send out HTML formatted emails. The catch is that the images in the HTML need to be embedded in the outgoing email. This wouldn't be a problem if I were using a .net app to generate & send the emails but, unfortunately, all I have is SQL Server. Is it possible for SQL Server to embed images on its own? A: You have two possibilities: (easy) Host the images somewhere, and reference them in the <img src="...">. (difficult) Encode them in Base64 and build a multipart MIME message with known content IDs, so they can be referenced in the message body via cid: URIs. Each possibility has its downsides: Remote images may not be loaded on the modern e-mail clients for privacy. Probably rises spam score. When the receiving clients are in your control (e.g. same organization), you might be equally fine with either way. A: Yes, what you need to do is include the images as attachments and then they can be referenced within the HTML. Use the @file_attachment parameter of sp_send_dbmail
Navigating Sexual Assault Complaints on Campus Private and public colleges, as well as the federal government, have offered their various views and opinions on how sexual assault cases on college campuses should be handled. Title IX is the federal law that dictates how such cases must be handled procedurally by colleges who receive federal funding. Almost all colleges – if not all – also have their own investigative and due process procedures regarding sexual assault cases. Making an already emotionally difficult matter more complex, the way colleges define sexual assault can be vastly different from how students define it. Further, among students, female students often view sexual assault differently than male students. The common denominator in most of these cases is often the definition of “consent.” Though this is certainly not always the case, it is common for an accused student to truly believe the sexual acts were consensual, and the accusing student to truly believe they were not; even when they agree how the sexual acts occurred. This poses a unique problem for lawyers advocating for either student. When there is no real question of fact, we are left with deciphering, interpreting, and applying the law. The “law” in these cases is almost always the language contained in the student handbook – often a dense treatise written by lawyers, and probably rarely read by students in detail before they start school. It is often only after a complaint is made that the involved students read the words in the student handbook pertaining to their particular situation; and what they find is not always clear. There is no common definition of “consent,” as many colleges define it differently – thereby adding to the confusion. It used to be thought that silence (ie; not saying no) could be taken as consent. That no longer seems to be the case; with many schools adopting a “yes means yes” policy – that a student has to affirmatively agree to the sexual activity; that silence does not necessarily mean consent. However, students are sometimes not aware of this distinction before engaging in a sexual act with someone; often assuming that silence does mean consent. Moreover, many student handbooks take into consideration the subjective feeling of the complainant; not just an objective analysis of the actions and words of the students involved. These questions leave the door wide open for interpretation on both ends, making it very difficult for a student to navigate a formal complaint without legal assistance. We represent students who have been accused of sexual assault, as well as those who have been victims of it. If a sexual assault complaint has been made against you by a fellow student, or if you have made such a complaint yourself, we at Kerstein, Coren & Lichtenstein can assist you with the process, which often involves a written response, as well as a hearing.

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