text stringlengths 8 5.77M |
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Q:
stat_bin() plot with logarithmic scale in ggplot2
I have a following plot with logarithmic y-scale that I plotted using ggplot2 in R.
convergencePlot = ggplot(allCosts, aes(x=V2))
finalPlot = convergencePlot + stat_bin() + scal_y_log10()
When I plot this I get the following warning:
Stacking not well defined when ymin != 0
I do not understand this warning. How can I remove this warning?
I see that the plot starts form 1 for all values of x except some where it starts from 0 and end at 1 (red circle). Is this an error?
Some x-values that I see on the extreme left (I guess 77 and 76) are not present in my original data. How can I remove those values? (green circle)
A:
It's very difficult to answer this question without some sense of what's in your actual data, but here's a guess at least:
Try + stat_bin(drop = TRUE) instead.
|
As Openmoko sacked/was left by 50% of its developers and halted the development of GTA03<br>i want to know your opinion on the future of the Neo.<br>As it seems Openmoko stopped funding FSO too.<br><br>Are there any official statements beside the announcement yesterday at OpenExpo.<br> |
Foreigners Spend Big on South Africa Bonds Before Moody’s
Foreign investors piled into South African government bonds ahead of a scheduled review of the country’s debt ratings by Moody’s Investors Service on Friday. Non residents were net buyers of 4.3 billion rand ($269 million) of debt on Thursday, the most since Feb. 20. Moody’s rates the country’s long-term debt at Baa3, the lowest investment level, with a stable outlook. |
Wednesday, March 30, 2011
Wedding dress in red: Vogue 1162
THE SLEEVES!
Let's have a closer look at those:
This is Vogue 1162 by Sassoon of all people! I will be changing up the skirt to something fuller/A-line, and probably adding a waistband as well. I have no idea what fabric I'll use for this, but the sleeves will be organza. |
http://archive.thetowntalk.com/VideoNetwork/2475800951001/Pregnant-Kim-Kardashian-Laughs-Off-Kanye-West-Cheating-Allegations-at-Lunchhttp://cdn.newslook.com/92/92554848b5097f5a109865fcf753d905/mp4_low/92554848b5097f5a109865fcf753d905-mp4_low.mp4http://archive.thetowntalk.com/VideoNetwork/2475800951001/Pregnant-Kim-Kardashian-Laughs-Off-Kanye-West-Cheating-Allegations-at-Lunchhttp://cdn.newslook.com/92/92554848b5097f5a109865fcf753d905/images/frame_0018.jpgPregnant Kim Kardashian Laughs Off Kanye West Cheating Allegations at LunchKim Kardashian looks happy in Los Angeles after it was claimed that Kanye West cheated on her with a model.jonathan ChebannewslookKanye WestKim KardashianentertainmentLeyla Ghobadi01:00 |
local transforms = asset.require('./earth')
local assetHelper = asset.require('util/asset_helper')
-- local earthEllipsoid = { 6378137.0, 6378137.0, 6356752.314245 }
local earthEllipsoid = { 6378137.0, 6378137.0, 6378137.0 }
local Atmosphere = {
Identifier = "EarthAtmosphere",
Parent = transforms.Earth.Identifier,
Renderable = {
Type = "RenderableAtmosphere",
Atmosphere = {
-- Atmosphere radius in Km
AtmosphereRadius = 6447.0,
PlanetRadius = 6377.0,
PlanetAverageGroundReflectance = 0.1,
GroundRadianceEmittion = 0.6,
SunIntensity = 6.9,
Rayleigh = {
Coefficients = {
-- Wavelengths are given in 10^-9m
Wavelengths = { 680, 550, 440 },
-- Reflection coefficients are given in km^-1
Scattering = { 5.8E-3, 13.5E-3, 33.1E-3 },
-- In Rayleigh scattering, the coefficients of absorption and scattering are the same.
},
-- Thichkness of atmosphere if its density were uniform, in Km
H_R = 8.0
},
--[[
Ozone = {
Coefficients = {
-- Extinction coefficients
Extinction = {3.426, 8.298, 0.356}
},
H_O = 8.0,
},
]]
-- Default
Mie = {
Coefficients = {
-- Reflection coefficients are given in km^-1
Scattering = { 4.0e-3, 4.0e-3, 4.0e-3 },
-- Extinction coefficients are a fraction of the Mie coefficients
Extinction = { 4.0e-3/0.9, 4.0e-3/0.9, 4.0e-3/0.9 }
},
-- Height scale (atmosphere thickness for constant density) in Km
H_M = 1.2,
-- Mie Phase Function Value (G e [-1.0, 1.0]. If G = 1.0, Mie phase function = Rayleigh Phase Function)
G = 0.85
},
-- Clear Sky
-- Mie = {
-- Coefficients = {
-- Scattering = {20e-3, 20e-3, 20e-3},
-- Extinction = 1.0/0.9,
-- }
-- H_M = 1.2,
-- G = 0.76,
-- },
-- Cloudy
-- Mie = {
-- Coefficients = {
-- Scattering = {3e-3, 3e-3, 3e-3},
-- Extinction = 1.0/0.9,
-- }
-- H_M = 3.0,
-- G = 0.65,
-- },
Image = {
ToneMapping = jToneMapping,
Exposure = 0.4,
Background = 1.8,
Gamma = 1.85
},
Debug = {
PreCalculatedTextureScale = 1.0,
SaveCalculatedTextures = false
}
},
ShadowGroup = {
Source1 = {
Name = "Sun",
-- All radius in meters
Radius = 696.3E6
},
--Source2 = { Name = "Monolith", Radius = 0.01E6, },
Caster1 = {
Name = "Moon",
-- All radius in meters
Radius = 1.737E6
}
--Caster2 = { Name = "Independency Day Ship", Radius = 0.0, }
}
},
GUI = {
Name = "Earth Atmosphere",
Path = "/Solar System/Planets/Earth"
}
}
assetHelper.registerSceneGraphNodesAndExport(asset, { Atmosphere })
|
Q:
Writing to Google Spreadsheet API Extremely Slow
I am trying to write data from here(http://acleddata.com/api/acled/read) to Google Sheets via its API.I'm using the gspread package to help.
Here is the code:
r = requests.get("http://acleddata.com/api/acled/read")
data = r.json()
data = data['data']
scope = ['https://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds']
credentials = ServiceAccountCredentials.from_json_keyfile_name('credentials.json', scope)
gc = gspread.authorize(credentials)
for row in data:
sheet.append_row(row.values())
The data is a list of dictionaries, each dictionary representing a row in a spreadsheet. This is writing to my Google Sheet but it is unusably slow. It took easily 40 minutes to write a hundred rows, and then I interrupted the script.
Is there anything I can do to speed up this process?
Thanks!
A:
Based on your code, you're using the older V3 Google Data API. For better performance, switch to the V4 API. A migration guide is available here.
|
84 Ariz. 217 (1958)
326 P.2d 344
The STATE of Arizona, Plaintiff,
v.
Alfred N. BEADLE, Defendant.
No. 1107.
Supreme Court of Arizona.
May 28, 1958.
Rehearing Denied June 24, 1958.
*218 Robert Morrison, Atty. Gen., and Robert G. Mooreman, Sp. Asst. Atty. Gen., for plaintiff.
Snell & Wilmer, Phoenix, by Frederick K. Steiner, Jr., Phoenix, for defendant.
*219 UDALL, Chief Justice.
Defendant, Alfred N. Beadle, was charged by a direct information filed by the County Attorney of Maricopa County with two misdemeanors, allegedly committed on or about March 9, 1956, viz.: count No. 1, practicing as an architect without registration, and count No. 2, practicing as an engineer without registration, both in violation of section 67-1823, A.C.A. 1939 (now A.R.S. § 32-145). Upon various legal grounds the defendant moved to quash the information. Before a ruling was made thereon the trial court, pursuant to Rule 346, Rules of Criminal Procedure, and with the consent of defendant and the county attorney, certified six questions of law relative to the Technical Registration Act of 1935 (A.R.S. Title 32, Ch. 1). These questions, in the opinion of the trial court, were "* * * sufficiently doubtful and important to require the decision * * *" of this court before proceeding to a trial of the case.
For the purpose of certification the parties have stipulated that a trial of this action would show certain facts. The pertinent portion of that stipulation follows:
"4. That the State of Arizona contends, and for the purposes of this stipulation and certification the parties assume as true, that the evidence upon the trial of this action would show that the defendant, Alfred N. Beadle, without representing or holding himself out to be registered as an architect or as an engineer under the Technical Registration Act of 1935, and without designating himself as an `Architect' or as an `Engineer', and without being understood to be such by any customer of defendant or by any member of the public, designed for the owners thereof the building described in the information, to wit: a motor hotel costing in excess of Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000.00) at 4670 Scottsdale Road, Maricopa County, Arizona, said design being made with reference only to the elements of convenience, utility, cost and aesthetic proportion of said building; and, to the extent necessary to embody said elements of design, said defendant prepared drawings and designated materials and elements of construction for the same, but did not design, represent, sell, or contribute any service with respect to the soundness or safety of said building. That at all times said defendant was not registered as an architect or as an engineer, and was not within any class of persons exempted from the application of the Act, as such are set forth in A.R.S. section 32-144 or section 67-1818, A.C.A."
This is a companion case to State Board of Technical Registration v. McDaniel, 84 Ariz. 223, 326 P.2d 348, and State Board of Technical Registration v. Bauer, 84 *220 Ariz. 237, 326 P.2d 358 (hereinafter referred to as McDaniel or Bauer). All three cases were consolidated for oral argument as each involves some phase of the Technical Registration Act. We shall, therefore, refrain from repeating any pronouncements made in the other decisions that are pertinent and applicable to similar questions presented here.
The penal provisions of the Technical Registration Act of 1935 are found in section 67-1823, A.C.A. 1939 (now A.R.S. § 32-145). There being no material difference in the two sections we will quote from and refer to A.R.S. § 32-145. The pertinent portions of that section read as follows:
"Any person who commits any of the following acts is guilty of a misdemeanor:
"1. Practices, offers to practice or by any implication holds himself out as qualified to practice as an architect, assayer, engineer, * * * who is not registered as provided by this chapter.
"2. Advertises or displays a card, sign or other device which may indicate to the public that he is an architect, assayer, engineer, * * * or is qualified to practice as such, who is not registered as provided by this chapter.
"3. Assumes the title of engineer, architect, * * * or uses or attempts to use as his own a certificate of registration of another, or uses or attempts to use an expired or revoked certificate of registration.
"4. * * *
"5. Otherwise violating any provision of this chapter. * * *."
The six certified questions will be stated and answered in the order presented to us. The parties will be referred to as the State and defendant. The Technical Registration Act will be referred to as the Act.
Question One
Is fraud or misrepresentation by the accused, express or to be inferred from conduct, that the accused is a registrant under the Act, or that the accused is otherwise licensed, registered, or that his qualifications have been passed upon, by an agency of the State of Arizona, an essential element of an offense under A.R.S. section 32-145 or section 67-1823, A.C.A.?
Section 32-145 makes it a violation of the Act if one, inter alia, (a) practices; or (b) offers to practice; or (c) holds oneself out as qualified to practice; or (d) advertises he is qualified to practice; or (e) assumes the title of a profession in which he is not qualified. By the very wording of the Act fraud or misrepresentation are *221 not made essential elements of an offense under the above section and therefore this question is answered in the negative.
Question Two
Is A.R.S. section 32-145 or section 67-1823, A.C.A. unconstitutional under Amendment 14 of the Constitution of the United States or under Article II, section 4 of the Constitution of the State of Arizona, for the reason that, as criminal statutes, they are vague, indefinite and uncertain, permitting citizens to act upon one conception of their meaning and courts upon another, specifically in that
(a) The sections are ambiguous as to whether misrepresentation is or is not an essential element of an offense under the sections? or
(b) The sections in prohibiting practice "as an architect" by a non-registrant, do not establish a sufficiently definite standard for members of the public to determine the acts prohibited by the sections, particularly in view of the definition of the word "architect" contained in A.R.S. section 32-101, or in section 67-1802, A.C.A.? or
(c) The sections, in prohibiting practice "as an engineer" by a non-registrant, do not establish a sufficiently definite standard for members of the public to determine the acts prohibited by the sections, particularly in view of the definition of the word "engineer" contained in A.R.S. section 32-101 or section 67-1802, A.C.A.?
This question is answered no. For (a) see the answer to question one, supra. For (b) and (c) see the McDaniel case, supra. The definitions in A.R.S. § 32-101 are different from those in section 67-1802, A.C.A. 1939, but for the reasons stated in the McDaniel case we hold they are sufficient.
Question Three
Is a citizen who is not a registrant under the Act and is not a member of any class exempted from the application of the Act, subject to prosecution under A.R.S. section 32-145 or section 67-1823, A.C.A., if such citizen, without representing himself to be a registrant or an architect or an engineer, designs for another a structure with respect to the elements of convenience, utility, cost and aesthetic proportion of such structure and to the extent necessary to embody such elements of design, prepares drawings and designates materials and elements of construction, but who does not design, represent, sell or contribute any service with respect to the soundness or safety of such structure?
The purpose of an Act, promulgated under the State's police power, is to protect the public health, safety or welfare. *222 Where police regulation is unconnected with its avowed purpose it is stricken down as depriving the party of a property right without due process. Edwards v. State Board of Barber Examiners, 72 Ariz. 108, 231 P.2d 450; Buehman v. Bechtel, 57 Ariz. 363, 114 P.2d 227, 134 A.L.R. 1374; Atchison, T. & S.F. Ry. Co. v. State, 33 Ariz. 440, 265 P. 602, 58 A.L.R. 563.
This question was presented to the Supreme Court of the State of Tennessee in the case of State Board of Examiners v. Rodgers, 167 Tenn. 374, 69 S.W.2d 1093. Therein:
"The defendant characterizes his business as that of a decorator and designer. His work and talent, as he describes them, are more nearly those of an artist than of a builder of structures. His interest is in the realm of aesthetics."
The court said:
"The practice of architecture necessarily includes the designing and drawing of plans for buildings, and, since the defendant admits that he draws and furnishes building plans, his business is in clear violation of the statute, unless saved by its exceptions."
The inclusion of design, insofar as it bears relation to the safety of the structure, regardless of the designer's assumption of responsibility therefor, is one of the primary objects of protection furnished by the statute. A person who designs buildings cannot escape the necessary responsibility therefor by merely declining to assure the safety of the structure when it is constructed according to his plans. He is practicing architecture and as such must be registered. This is contemplated by the Act. See, A.R.S. § 32-101, subd. 2 and § 32-144, subds. 4 and 5. Section 67-1802(b) and section 67-1818 (e) and (f), A.C.A. 1939. The answer to this question is yes.
Questions Four and Five
Does the Act too broadly and too unjustly purport to exercise the state's police power to be constitutional?
The parties have paraphrased questions four and five into one, as above stated. We will so treat them.
We have stated in question three that design is connected with the public health, welfare and safety, and as such is subject to regulation. It must necessarily follow that designers performing architectural services are subject to regulation. It is urged this regulation creates a monopoly in the registrants and that qualifications for registration are unrelated to the purpose of regulation. The qualifications in question have been established under a valid exercise of the police power vested in the state. That a limited number of persons do thereby practice is not unlawful, for registration is open to all who *223 qualify. There is no discriminatory favoritism or monopoly created by the Act. There must appear an obvious and real connection between the conduct regulated and the purpose of the Act. There appears this connection between architectural design, and construction in accordance therewith, and the regulation of architectural designers. The answer to both of these questions is no.
The final question (No. 6) certified to us for an answer, is substantially as follows:
Is the Act, and in particular the penal provisions of A.R.S. section 32-145, unconstitutional under Art. III and Art. IV, Pt. 1, section 1, of the Constitution of Arizona, for the reason that said Act constitutes an unlawful delegation of legislative power to an administrative board?
Defendant makes practically the same contentions and cites the same authority relied upon by appellees in the McDaniel and Bauer cases, supra. It is our view that the contentions made here are fully answered by the decisions rendered in the last named cases. The Attorney General has cited in support of the Board's position these additional cases not elsewhere cited that are in point and support the constitutionality of our Act as against the attack here asserted, viz.: Clayton v. Bennett, 5 Utah 2d 152, 298 P.2d 531; Douglas v. Noble, 261 U.S. 165, 43 S.Ct. 303, 67 L.Ed. 590, and Janeway v. State Board of Chiropractic Examiners, 33 Tenn. App. 280, 231 S.W.2d 584. Our answer to the above question is "No".
Summarizing: Questions numbered 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 are answered in the negative; question numbered 3 is answered in the affirmative.
WINDES, PHELPS, STRUCKMEYER and JOHNSON, JJ., concur.
|
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to novel imido polymers, and, more especially, to novel heat-curable imido prepolymers comprising siloxane bismaleimide recurring units which exhibit low melt viscosities.
2. Description of the Prior Art
French Patent Application FR-A-2,612,196 describes imido polymers which are prepared by reacting one or more conventional N,N'-bismaleimide(s) of the type described in French Patent FR-A-1,555,564 with one or more aromatic diprimary diamine(s), in the presence of a particular N,N'-bismaleimide comprising a diorganopolysiloxane moiety in its molecular structure and optionally another copolymerizable reactant and/or a catalyst.
With respect to the polyimides prepared according to French Patent FR-A-1,555,564 by heating a conventional N,N'-bismaleimide such as, for example, N,N'-4,4'-diphenylmethanebismaleimide, and an aromatic diamine, it has been established that the addition of an N,N'-bismaleimide comprising a diorganopolysiloxane group to the polymerization recipe permits enhancing the impact strength properties of the ultimate cured polymers. |
Archaic Qualities of Apple Valley Painting Contractor
While searching for that desirable Apple Valley painting contractor, it is better to bear these aspects in mind. First of all, you need to know that there are two kinds of contractors who cater to the masses – the ones who conduct works on residential projects and the other set who concentrate entirely on commercial painting contracts only. Never confuse yourself in between these two entities because they are known to perform under optimal conditions only when they work in their desired niche!
The best Apple Valley Painting Contractor will offer great quality work for the lowest prices. We require affordable services. An old misconception is that premium services come with a price tag. This has to take a back seat when we consider our situation. Likewise, the contractor must have an eye for quality. Please read through the clauses enlisted by the contractor and only then sign them up for your services; this can avoid unnecessary surprises at a later date. |
Q:
height method of jquery is not working for me?
I have written a height method of jquery for a site. But it is not working. I can't understand what is going wrong with this. If you can please help me. I have attached an image and from this you can understand everything. I have used the following code for this but not working. Here is the real site link. Thanks in advance.
<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
var cHeight = $('#block-4').outerHeight(true);
$('#block-57').css("min-height","cHeight");
});
</script>
A:
cHeight is variable not string
$('#block-57').find('ul').content().css("min-height",cHeight);
|
Chlamydiales, Anaplasma and Bartonella: persistence and immune escape of intracellular bacteria.
Intracellular bacteria, such as Chlamydiales, Anaplasma or Bartonella, need to persist inside their host in order to complete their developmental cycle and to infect new hosts. In order to escape from the host immune system, intracellular bacteria have developed diverse mechanisms of persistence, which can directly impact the health of their host. |
Welcome from the Director
The Center for Muscle Biology was formally established in June 2008 to support and integrate basic, clinical and translational research on striated and smooth muscle throughout the University of Kentucky. We now have 42 full members from 9 different Colleges at our institution.
Center Members
have active research programs in multiple areas of muscle biology including aging, congestive heart failure, sepsis, metabolic disease, arthritis and cancer. Our
NIH funding
increased from $5.8M in 2009 to $10.1M in 2010.
Our
Muscle Forum,
has run bi-weekly since 2005. Students, postdoctoral fellows and faculty use it as a venue to discuss new data, present ideas for grants and to review interesting papers from the literature.
The Center and its members have also invested in the establishment of
core facilities
that provide specialized support services for muscle research.
Please investigate the links on this site and
contact us
if you would like more information, or better, come and see us. We would be delighted to show you around and get better acquainted. |
I had a sermon fully prepared for Shabbat services. It was going to focus on the Exodus narrative and the Jewish implications of the biblical Passover sacrifice. Then a cellphone went off during services, both reinforcing the urgency of my intended message and reminding me of the perils involved in delivering a passionate message.
The cellphone rang during a particularly quiet moment of services, and the owner fumbled for a moment, so startled they forgot, momentarily, how to silence the sound. I counted to 10, and then walked over to the person, who was still holding their phone -- a violation of Shabbat norms in my community.
There was obviously nothing malicious about the phone going off, nor in the temporary difficulty its owner had in turning it off. And yet its sound tore at something primally important in our sanctuary: the essential "energy" of Shabbat, an antidote to the constant alarms of our hyper-connected technological age. Shabbat is a breath of uncluttered air in an infinitely distracting world. So that phone wasn't just a phone. It was an "anti-Shabbat siren," brutally tearing Shabbat out of the very air. It was, therefore, truly difficult to contain my own disappointment at its invasion of our sanctuary, to temper my own fiery response to this weekday-contamination of Shabbat.
My carefully expressed words "I'm sorry. You'll need to keep your phone off during Shabbat" couldn't have masked the fire I felt in my own eyes. I saw this reflected in the phone-owner's eyes, and became instantly concerned I had violated one Jewish principle (human dignity) for the sake of another (Shabbat observance).
The drasha I then delivered addressed a related idea: the dire need for more attention to be paid to particularly Jewish behaviors in the context of my shul community's deep and profound commitment to universal justice. The morning's Torah reading included the original Passover offering, the ritual of circumcision, the blood placed on the Israelites' doors just before the final of the ten plagues, and the command to teach every next generation that the liberation from Egypt is not to be understood as "freedom from bondage" but rather as, "freedom from slavery to now serve a holy purpose."
In other words, the role of these (and other) rituals is to affirm the particularly Jewish identity that today compels a Jew to act in solidarity with others. We know what it is to be oppressed, and are therefore called to channel that experience into the commitment to being liberated with all people. As the great Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel put it:
|
Abdominal venous injuries.
To improve our understanding of this frequently lethal, but potentially salvageable problem, the case records of 105 patients with 138 major intra-abdominal venous injuries seen over a 4 year period (1980-1984) were reviewed. The overall mortality rate was 54%. The most frequent abdominal venous injuries and their mortality rates were inferior vena cava, 54% (28/52); portal venous system, 51% (16/31); iliac veins, 71% (20/28); renal veins, 58% (11/19); and hepatic veins, 88% (7/8). Several important prognostic factors were identified. Of 48 patients who presented to the emergency department with no obtainable blood pressure, 41 (85%) died. Forty patients presented to the operating room with a systolic pressure less than 70 mm Hg and 36 (90%) died. Of 39 patients in hypovolemic shock for more than 15 minutes initially in the ED and operating room, 31 (79%) died. Of 71 patients who received 10 or more units of blood pre- and perioperatively, 48 (68%) died. Of 41 patients with five or more associated injuries, 30 (73%) died. Seventeen had a thoracotomy before laparotomy to cross-clamp the aorta for persistent severe shock; six responded with a substantial increase in blood pressure and three survived. Of 14 others with severe persistent shock who did not have a prior thoracotomy, only one survived. Atrial-caval shunts were attempted for severe retrohepatic bleeding in six patients with no survivors. Review of these cases suggests that improved survival might be obtained with: more vigorous administration of fluids in the emergency department and operating room; quicker movement to the operating room to control bleeding; and earlier definitive management for controlling bleeding--especially with iliac and/or retrohepatic injuries. A thoracotomy to cross-clamp the aorta prior to laparotomy with severe persisting shock should be considered. |
The invention relates to a valve device comprising a valve housing which bounds a valve chamber in which a valve member is accommodated for movement between a blocking position and a release position in order to influence a free flow cross-section for a fluid in a flow path between an inlet passage terminating into the valve chamber and an outlet passage leading from the valve chamber, further comprising a first absolute pressure sensor for providing a first pressure signal as a function of an operating pressure in the flow path, and further comprising an evaluation circuit for processing the first pressure signal. The invention further relates to a valve assembly comprising a plurality of such valve devices and to a method for calibrating such a valve assembly.
From DE 10 2005 036 663 A1, a so-called mechatronics unit is known, wherein a mechanical component and an electronic component are placed in a housing, the mechanical component comprising one or more solenoid valves and pressure ducts, while the electronic component comprises a printed circuit board with electronic components. Sensor modules for measuring physical variables are installed into the pressure ducts, the sensor modules being absolute pressure sensors or differential pressure sensors as required. |
LISTEN: All new Nerd Herders Podcast (31/05/13)
In this episode of Nerd Herders Foxy Foxxy & Damian Dragon discuss the facts, rumors, and still question the Xbox One reveal from Microsoft; Amazon Publishing’s announcement regarding fan fiction; Marvel character Quicksilver now being confirmed for X-Men: Days of Futures Past; what to expect in Season 2 of Arrow and more, along with the Game of Thrones & Defiance recap/review, a B-Rated horror movie and book pick of the week.
The topic for this episode was one suggested and anticipated by the listeners, which the Nerd Herders appropriately titled “Vampires: The Good, The Bad-Ass & The Sparkly”. From Bram Stoker to Anne Rice; from Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel to Twilight; from The Lost Boys to Blade and every other Vampire in between! Foxy, Damian, Spike & the listeners discuss their favorite & least favorite portrayals of vampires in movies/TV/books/comics, how & why the “rules” of vampirism has changed, why it’s lore has become more romanticized & less fearful, and more!
The growth of this nerd began innocently with a love of ‘Betty & Veronica’ and ‘Legend of Zelda” as a child, which grew into ‘X-Men’ and ‘Dragon Age’. Foxy Foxxy has been a self-admitted nerd since those days and not only was once an independent professional wrestler/manager/referee, but is now a Cosplay Model, co-host of Nerd Herders on blog talk radio, freelance writer, wife and mother of two boys. She spends way too much money on Zenescope Entertainment comics. She can also be found on Facebook:
www.facebook.com/ViVaFoxyFoxxy and Twitter @ViVaFoxyFoxxy
Welcome…
Hey there, welcome to the website of Following The Nerd. Here you can stay up to date on all the latest news, reviews, articles & information across all mediums from games to action figures. We've got it covered! |
Lateral retropharyngeal node metastasis from carcinoma of the upper gingiva and maxillary sinus.
Clinically unsuspected metastases to the lateral retropharyngeal nodes from carcinomas of the upper gingiva or maxillary sinus were found in five patients on follow-up CT examinations. Such uncommon metastases may follow the afferent lymphatic channels from the palate or pharyngeal region or arrive by retrograde lymphatics from positive neck nodes. Careful examination of lateral retropharyngeal nodes may be required in cancers of these primary sites. |
# Hebrew
import os
import platform
import sys
script_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
# Add root to python paths, this allows us to import submodules
sys.path.append(os.path.realpath(os.path.join(script_dir, '..', '..', '..')))
from _development.helpers_locale import GetPath
def test_codec_hebrew():
use_codec = {
"Windows": "cp1252",
"Linux" : "utf8",
"Darwin" : "utf8",
}
os_name = platform.system()
current_directory = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
try:
decoded_file = GetPath(current_directory, "testcodec", use_codec[os_name])
except:
assert False, "Specified codec (" + use_codec[os_name] + ") failed to decrypt file path."
try:
with open(decoded_file, 'r') as f:
read_data = f.read()
f.closed
except:
assert False, "Specified codec (" + use_codec[os_name] + ") failed to read file."
assert read_data == "True"
|
package com.hlsp.video.widget.tablayout;
import android.util.DisplayMetrics;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.RelativeLayout;
/**
* 未读消息提示View,显示小红点或者带有数字的红点:
* 数字一位,圆
* 数字两位,圆角矩形,圆角是高度的一半
* 数字超过两位,显示99+
*/
public class UnreadMsgUtils {
public static void show(MsgView msgView, int num) {
if (msgView == null) {
return;
}
RelativeLayout.LayoutParams lp = (RelativeLayout.LayoutParams) msgView.getLayoutParams();
DisplayMetrics dm = msgView.getResources().getDisplayMetrics();
msgView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
if (num <= 0) {//圆点,设置默认宽高
msgView.setStrokeWidth(0);
msgView.setText("");
lp.width = (int) (5 * dm.density);
lp.height = (int) (5 * dm.density);
msgView.setLayoutParams(lp);
} else {
lp.height = (int) (18 * dm.density);
if (num > 0 && num < 10) {//圆
lp.width = (int) (18 * dm.density);
msgView.setText(num + "");
} else if (num > 9 && num < 100) {//圆角矩形,圆角是高度的一半,设置默认padding
lp.width = RelativeLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;
msgView.setPadding((int) (6 * dm.density), 0, (int) (6 * dm.density), 0);
msgView.setText(num + "");
} else {//数字超过两位,显示99+
lp.width = RelativeLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;
msgView.setPadding((int) (6 * dm.density), 0, (int) (6 * dm.density), 0);
msgView.setText("99+");
}
msgView.setLayoutParams(lp);
}
}
public static void setSize(MsgView rtv, int size) {
if (rtv == null) {
return;
}
RelativeLayout.LayoutParams lp = (RelativeLayout.LayoutParams) rtv.getLayoutParams();
lp.width = size;
lp.height = size;
rtv.setLayoutParams(lp);
}
}
|
package io.openems.edge.common.channel;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import io.openems.common.exceptions.OpenemsError.OpenemsNamedException;
import io.openems.common.function.ThrowingConsumer;
import io.openems.edge.common.component.OpenemsComponent;
public class IntegerWriteChannel extends IntegerReadChannel implements WriteChannel<Integer> {
public static class MirrorToDebugChannel implements Consumer<Channel<Integer>> {
private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MirrorToDebugChannel.class);
private final ChannelId targetChannelId;
public MirrorToDebugChannel(ChannelId targetChannelId) {
this.targetChannelId = targetChannelId;
}
@Override
public void accept(Channel<Integer> channel) {
if (!(channel instanceof IntegerWriteChannel)) {
this.log.error("Channel [" + channel.address()
+ "] is not an IntegerWriteChannel! Unable to register \"onSetNextWrite\"-Listener!");
return;
}
// on each setNextWrite to the channel -> store the value in the DEBUG-channel
((IntegerWriteChannel) channel).onSetNextWrite(value -> {
channel.getComponent().channel(this.targetChannelId).setNextValue(value);
});
}
}
protected IntegerWriteChannel(OpenemsComponent component, ChannelId channelId, IntegerDoc channelDoc) {
super(component, channelId, channelDoc);
}
private Optional<Integer> nextWriteValueOpt = Optional.empty();
/**
* Internal method. Do not call directly.
*
* @param value
*/
@Deprecated
@Override
public void _setNextWriteValue(Integer value) {
this.nextWriteValueOpt = Optional.ofNullable(value);
}
@Override
public Optional<Integer> getNextWriteValue() {
return this.nextWriteValueOpt;
}
/*
* onSetNextWrite
*/
@Override
public List<ThrowingConsumer<Integer, OpenemsNamedException>> getOnSetNextWrites() {
return super.getOnSetNextWrites();
}
@Override
public void onSetNextWrite(ThrowingConsumer<Integer, OpenemsNamedException> callback) {
this.getOnSetNextWrites().add(callback);
}
}
|
University of Cincinnati study finds that daily users are much more likely to purchase electronic cigarettes from stores and websites illegally than their peers who less frequently vape
University of Cincinnati research on adolescent use of electronic cigarettes was featured prominently at the American Academy of Health Behavior 2019 Annual Scientific Meeting on Monday, March 11, in Greenville, South Carolina.
"Electronic Cigarette Acquisition Means Among Adolescent Daily Users" earned Ashley Merianos, an assistant professor with UC"s School of Human Services, the 2019 Judy K. Black Award, which is presented by the AAHB in recognition of early-career health behavior research that is innovative and rigorous and that makes an important contribution to science or practice.
Merianos' research is a reflection of UC's commitment to solving urban issues related to health and well-being, prevention, quality care, researching the next cure, equality in access and talent development. Urban Health and Urban Impact are key components of the university's strategic direction, Next Lives Here.
Merianos performed a secondary analysis of the 2016 National Youth Tobacco Survey and found that of 1,579 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 who had admitted to using electronic cigarettes within the last 30 days of the survey, 13.6 percent were daily users. Her research further found that those daily users were far more likely to obtain their electronic cigarettes and accessories from commercial sources than their non-daily using counterparts.
Adolescents for whom electronic cigarette use was a daily habit were 5.2 times more likely to buy their e-cigarettes from a drug store, 4.4 times more likely to get them from a vape shop, and 3.3 times more likely to purchase them from a mall kiosk.
Daily users were also more likely to purchase their e-cigarettes and vaping supplies online, albeit to a lesser degree; they were 2.5 times more likely to make online purchases than non-daily users. "The internet is very hard to regulate, especially for e-cigarette sales," Merianos says.
Conversely, non-daily electronic cigarette users were found to be slightly more likely to turn to their friends or family members to obtain vaping products.
Merianos recommends that local and state governments adopt 21 as the age of legal purchase to prevent adolescents from getting them, as well as restricting e-cigarette sales from commercial and Internet sources. "We need to inform parents and community members about where their children are getting e-cigarettes from so that they can act as gatekeepers to prevent their children from obtaining these products," Merianos says. "Also, we need tobacco-use prevention programs to add information on e-cigarettes."
Merianos, who is also an affiliate member of the Division of Emergency Medicine at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, gave an oral presentation of her research at the AAHB conference on Monday, March 11, and a poster presentation the following day.
The early-career award from the AAHB is the latest accolade for Merianos, who has garnered national and international media attention for her research on child secondhand and thirdhand smoke exposure. Her work has been featured in online and print media outlets including The New York Times, ABC News and Yahoo News. Merianos has received early career awards from UC and professional organizations.
### |
Q:
Unexpected assignment within function to variables in namespace in python using +=
This a purely methodological question. I have a basic function, and it is unexpectedly appending values to a list I created. I know that .append() and .extend() mutate the list object in-place, but my particular issue is with +=.
I was under the impression that x+=y was the same as x = x+y but this is not the case in a function, where I am finding that it overwrites local variables defined externally to the function.
Allow me to illustrate:
def test1(lst):
lst += ['new element']
return 'something else'
def test2(lst):
lst = lst + ['new element']
return 'something else'
# Testing them
lst = ['a','sample','list']
test1(lst)
print('test1 returns the following:',lst)
lst = ['a','sample','list']
test2(lst)
print('test2 returns the following:',lst)
This returns
test1 returns the following: ['a', 'sample', 'list', 'new element']
test2 returns the following: ['a', 'sample', 'list']
Of course, if you change the names of the variables, then it doesn't do this. But this fundamentally changes my understanding of variables defined within functions as opposed to locally and may have some serious implications for my coding behavior. Can someone clearly explain what is going on?
A:
Of course, if you change the names of the variables, then it doesn't do this.
That isn't true. Observe:
def test1(foo):
foo += ['new element']
def test2(foo):
foo = foo + ['new element']
lst = ['a','sample','list']
test2(lst) # lst stays the same
test1(lst) # lst gets changed
In both cases, we bind foo to the list otherwise known as lst. In test2, we assign to the local name foo the result of adding this list to a list containing the 'new element'.
In test1, we modify the list in-place using the += operator.
I was under the impression that x+=y was the same as x = x+y
That is not true, but there's a kernel of truth in it: When __iadd__ is not defined on the type of x, Python defaults to performing x = x + y instead. In addition, even when you only use augmented assignment operators (such as +=) within a function, the compiler will mark that name as local (STORE/LOAD_FAST).
|
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<article class="content wrap" id="_content" data-uid="Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Service.IProxyConfigFilter">
<h1 id="Microsoft_ReverseProxy_Service_IProxyConfigFilter" data-uid="Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Service.IProxyConfigFilter" class="text-break">Interface IProxyConfigFilter
</h1>
<div class="markdown level0 summary"><p>A configuration filter that will run each time the proxy configuration is loaded.</p>
</div>
<div class="markdown level0 conceptual"></div>
<h6><strong>Namespace</strong>: <a class="xref" href="Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Service.html">Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Service</a></h6>
<h6><strong>Assembly</strong>: Microsoft.ReverseProxy.dll</h6>
<h5 id="Microsoft_ReverseProxy_Service_IProxyConfigFilter_syntax">Syntax</h5>
<div class="codewrapper">
<pre><code class="lang-csharp hljs">public interface IProxyConfigFilter</code></pre>
</div>
<h3 id="methods">Methods
</h3>
<span class="small pull-right mobile-hide">
<span class="divider">|</span>
<a href="https://github.com/microsoft/reverse-proxy/new/master/apiSpec/new?filename=Microsoft_ReverseProxy_Service_IProxyConfigFilter_ConfigureClusterAsync_Microsoft_ReverseProxy_Abstractions_Cluster_System_Threading_CancellationToken_.md&value=---%0Auid%3A%20Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Service.IProxyConfigFilter.ConfigureClusterAsync(Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Abstractions.Cluster%2CSystem.Threading.CancellationToken)%0Asummary%3A%20'*You%20can%20override%20summary%20for%20the%20API%20here%20using%20*MARKDOWN*%20syntax'%0A---%0A%0A*Please%20type%20below%20more%20information%20about%20this%20API%3A*%0A%0A">Improve this Doc</a>
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<a id="Microsoft_ReverseProxy_Service_IProxyConfigFilter_ConfigureClusterAsync_" data-uid="Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Service.IProxyConfigFilter.ConfigureClusterAsync*"></a>
<h4 id="Microsoft_ReverseProxy_Service_IProxyConfigFilter_ConfigureClusterAsync_Microsoft_ReverseProxy_Abstractions_Cluster_System_Threading_CancellationToken_" data-uid="Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Service.IProxyConfigFilter.ConfigureClusterAsync(Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Abstractions.Cluster,System.Threading.CancellationToken)">ConfigureClusterAsync(Cluster, CancellationToken)</h4>
<div class="markdown level1 summary"><p>Allows modification of a Cluster configuration.</p>
</div>
<div class="markdown level1 conceptual"></div>
<h5 class="decalaration">Declaration</h5>
<div class="codewrapper">
<pre><code class="lang-csharp hljs">Task ConfigureClusterAsync(Cluster cluster, CancellationToken cancel)</code></pre>
</div>
<h5 class="parameters">Parameters</h5>
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-condensed">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a class="xref" href="Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Abstractions.Cluster.html">Cluster</a></td>
<td><span class="parametername">cluster</span></td>
<td><p>The Cluster instance to configure.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="xref" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/api/system.threading.cancellationtoken">CancellationToken</a></td>
<td><span class="parametername">cancel</span></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 class="returns">Returns</h5>
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-condensed">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a class="xref" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/api/system.threading.tasks.task">Task</a></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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<a href="https://github.com/microsoft/reverse-proxy/new/master/apiSpec/new?filename=Microsoft_ReverseProxy_Service_IProxyConfigFilter_ConfigureRouteAsync_Microsoft_ReverseProxy_Abstractions_ProxyRoute_System_Threading_CancellationToken_.md&value=---%0Auid%3A%20Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Service.IProxyConfigFilter.ConfigureRouteAsync(Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Abstractions.ProxyRoute%2CSystem.Threading.CancellationToken)%0Asummary%3A%20'*You%20can%20override%20summary%20for%20the%20API%20here%20using%20*MARKDOWN*%20syntax'%0A---%0A%0A*Please%20type%20below%20more%20information%20about%20this%20API%3A*%0A%0A">Improve this Doc</a>
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<a id="Microsoft_ReverseProxy_Service_IProxyConfigFilter_ConfigureRouteAsync_" data-uid="Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Service.IProxyConfigFilter.ConfigureRouteAsync*"></a>
<h4 id="Microsoft_ReverseProxy_Service_IProxyConfigFilter_ConfigureRouteAsync_Microsoft_ReverseProxy_Abstractions_ProxyRoute_System_Threading_CancellationToken_" data-uid="Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Service.IProxyConfigFilter.ConfigureRouteAsync(Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Abstractions.ProxyRoute,System.Threading.CancellationToken)">ConfigureRouteAsync(ProxyRoute, CancellationToken)</h4>
<div class="markdown level1 summary"><p>Allows modification of a route configuration.</p>
</div>
<div class="markdown level1 conceptual"></div>
<h5 class="decalaration">Declaration</h5>
<div class="codewrapper">
<pre><code class="lang-csharp hljs">Task ConfigureRouteAsync(ProxyRoute route, CancellationToken cancel)</code></pre>
</div>
<h5 class="parameters">Parameters</h5>
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-condensed">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
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<tr>
<td><a class="xref" href="Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Abstractions.ProxyRoute.html">ProxyRoute</a></td>
<td><span class="parametername">route</span></td>
<td><p>The ProxyRoute instance to configure.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="xref" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/api/system.threading.cancellationtoken">CancellationToken</a></td>
<td><span class="parametername">cancel</span></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 class="returns">Returns</h5>
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-condensed">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a class="xref" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/api/system.threading.tasks.task">Task</a></td>
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Guy PujolleProduct Form in Discrete-Time Queueing Networks: New Issues.148-1531995conf/mascots/1995MASCOTSdb/conf/mascots/mascots1995.html#Pujolle95http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MASCOT.1995.378695http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MASCOT.1995.378695 |
---
abstract: 'The recent COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented impact across the globe. We have also witnessed millions of people with increased mental health issues, such as depression, stress, worry, fear, disgust, sadness, and anxiety, which have become one of the major public health concerns during this severe health crisis. For instance, depression is one of the most common mental health issues according to the findings made by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Depression can cause serious emotional, behavioural and physical health problems with significant consequences, both personal and social costs included. This paper studies community depression dynamics due to COVID-19 pandemic through user-generated content on Twitter. A new approach based on multi-modal features from tweets and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) is proposed to build depression classification models. Multi-modal features capture depression cues from emotion, topic and domain-specific perspectives. We study the problem using recently scraped tweets from Twitter users emanating from the state of New South Wales in Australia. Our novel classification model is capable of extracting depression polarities which may be affected by COVID-19 and related events during the COVID-19 period. The results found that people became more depressed after the outbreak of COVID-19. The measures implemented by the government such as the state lockdown also increased depression levels. Further analysis in the Local Government Area (LGA) level found that the community depression level was different across different LGAs. In an LGA, the severe health emergencies but not the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the LGA may make people more depressed. Such granular level analysis of depression dynamics not only can help authorities such as governmental departments to take corresponding actions more objectively in specific regions if necessary but also allows users to perceive the dynamics of depression over the time to learn the effectiveness of measures implemented by the government or negative effects of any big events for emergency management.'
author:
- 'Jianlong Zhou$^*$, Hamad Zogan, Shuiqiao Yang, Shoaib Jameel, Guandong Xu$^*$, Fang Chen [^1][^2][^3][^4]'
bibliography:
- 'depression.bib'
title: 'Detecting Community Depression Dynamics Due to COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia'
---
Depression, Multi-modal features, COVID-19, Twitter, Australia.
Introduction
============
outbreak of the novel Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an unprecedented impact on people’s daily lives around the world [@noauthor_coronavirus_2020]. People’s lives are at risk because the virus can easily spread from person to person [@surveillances2020epidemiological] either by coming in close contact with the infected person or sometimes may even spread through community transmission[^5], which then becomes extremely challenging to contain. The infection has now rapidly spread across the world and there have been more than 10.3 million confirmed cases and more than 505,000 people have died because of the infection until 30 June 2020[^6]. Almost every country in the world is battling against COVID-19 to prevent it from spreading as much as possible. While some countries such as New Zealand has been very successful in containing the spread, others such as Brazil and India have not. As a result, this outbreak has caused immense distress among individuals either through infection or through increased mental health issues, such as depression, stress, worry, fear, disgust, sadness, anxiety (a fear for one’s health, and a fear of infecting others), and perceived stigmatisation [@montemurro_emotional_2020; @bhat_sentiment_2020; @rogers_psychiatric_2020]. These mental health issues can even occur in people, not at high risk of getting infected. There could be even several people who are exposed to the virus may be unfamiliar with it as they may not follow the news, or are completely disconnected with the general population. [@montemurro_emotional_2020].
Consider depression as an example, which is the most common mental health issue among other mental health issues according to the World Health Organisation (WHO), with more than 264 million people suffering from the depression worldwide [@who_depression_2020]. Australia is one of the top countries where mental health disorders have high proportions over the total disease burden (see Fig. \[fig:world\_mental\_health2016\]). Depression can cause severe emotional, behavioural and physical health problems. For example, people with depression may experience symptoms amounting to their inability to focus on anything, they constantly go through the feeling of guilt and irritation, they suffer from low self-worth, and experience sleep problems. Depression can, therefore, cause serious consequences, at both personal and social costs [@vigo_estimating_2016].
A person can experience several complications as a result of depression. Complications linked to mental health especially depression include: unhappiness and decreased enjoyment of life, family conflicts, relationship difficulties, social isolation, problems with tobacco, alcohol and other drugs, self-harm and harm to others (such as suicide or homicide), weakened immune system. Furthermore, the consequence of depression goes beyond functioning and quality of life and extends to somatic health. Depression has been shown to subsequently increase the risk of, for example, cardiovascular, stroke, diabetes and obesity morbidity [@penninx_understanding_2013]. However, the past epidemics can suggest some cues of what to look out for after COVID-19 in the next few months and years. For example, when patients with SARS and MERS were assessed a few months later, 14.9% had depression and 14.8% had an anxiety disorder [@rogers_psychiatric_2020].
![The world mental health disorders in 2016.[]{data-label="fig:world_mental_health2016"}](mental-health-share.png){width="0.99\linewidth"}
Meanwhile, to reduce the risk of the virus spreading among people and communities, different countries have taken strict measures such as locking down the whole city and practising rigorous social-distancing among people. For example, countries such as China, Italy, Spain, and Australia are fighting the COVID-19 pandemic through nation-wide lockdown or by cordoning off the areas that were suspected of having risks of community spread throughout the pandemic, expecting to “flatten the curve”. However, the long-term social activity restriction policies adopted during the pandemic period may further amplify the mental health issues of people. Therefore, it is important to examine people’s mental health states as a result of COVID-19 and related policies, which can help governments and related agencies to take appropriate measures more objectively if necessary.
On the other hand, we have witnessed increased usage of online social media such as Twitter during the lockdown[^7]. For instance, 40% consumers have spent longer than usual on messaging services and social media during the lockdown. It is mainly because people are eager to publicly express their feelings online given an unprecedented time that they are going through both physically and emotionally. The social media platforms represent a relatively real-time large-scale snapshot of activities, thoughts, and feelings of people’s daily lives and thereby reflect their emotional well-being. Every tweet represents a signal of the users’ state of mind and state of being at that moment [@gibbons_twitter-based_2019]. Aggregation of such digital traces may make it possible to monitor health behaviours at a large-scale, which has become a new growing area of interest in public health and health care research [@cavazos-rehg_content_2016; @jaidka_estimating_2020].
Since social media is social by its nature, and social patterns can be consequently found in Twitter feeds, for instance, thereby revealing key aspects of mental and emotional disorders [@coppersmith_quantifying_2014]. As a result, Twitter recently has been increasingly used as a viable approach to detect mental disorders of depression in different regions of the world [@reece_forecasting_2017; @almouzini_detecting_2019; @leis_detecting_2019; @razak_tweep_2020; @mcclellan2017using]. For example, the research found that the depressed users were less active in posting tweets, doing it more frequently between 23:00 and 6:00. The use of vocabularies could also be an indicator of depression in Twitter, for example, it was found that the use of verbs was more common by depressed users, and the first-person singular pronoun was by far the most used by depressed users [@leis_detecting_2019]. Hence, many research work has been done to extract features like user’s social activity behaviours, user profiles, texts from their social media posts for depression detection using machine learning techniques [@de2013predicting; @tsugawa2015recognizing; @yang2015gis; @orabi_deep_2018; @shen2017depression]. For example, De Choudhury [@de2013predicting] et al., proposed to predict depression for social media users based on Twitter using support vector machine (SVM) for prediction based on manually labelled training data. The most recent work using Twitter to analyse mental health issues due to COVID-19 are [@barkur_sentiment_2020; @bhat_sentiment_2020; @zhou_examination_2020]. These work focus more on public sentiment analysis. Furthermore, little work such as Li et al., [@li_what_2020] classify each tweet into the emotions of anger, anticipation, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, surprise and trust. The two emotions of sadness and fear are more related to severe negative sentiments like depression due to COVID-19. However, little work is done to detect depression dynamics at the state level or even more granular level such as suburb level. Such granular level analysis of depression dynamics not only can help authorities such as governmental departments to take corresponding actions more objectively in specific regions if necessary but also allows users to perceive the dynamics of depression over the time to learn the effectiveness of policies implemented by the government or negative effects of any big events. The answers to the questions that we wish to find are:
- How people’s depression is affected by COVID-19 in the time dimension in the state level?
- How people’s depression is affected by COVID-19 in the time dimension in local government areas?
- Can we detect the effects of policies/measures implemented by the government during the pandemic on depression?
- Can we detect the effects of big events on depression during the pandemic?
- How effective is the model in detecting people’s depression dynamics?
This paper aims to examine community depression dynamics due to COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. A new approach based on multi-modal features from tweets and term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) is proposed to build a depression classification model. Multi-modal features aim to capture depression cues from emotion, topic and domain-specific perspectives. TF-IDF is simple, scalable, and has proven to be very effective to model a wide-range of lexical datasets including large and small datasets. In contrast, recent computationally demanding frameworks such as deep learning, which are usually generated rely upon large datasets because that helps give them faithful co-occurrence statistics might not be obtained from sparse and short texts from user-generated content such as tweets. Our approach uses the TF-IDF model can generalise well in various situations where both small and large datasets can be used leading to a reliable and scalable model. After building the model for depression classification, Twitter data in the state of New South Wales in Australia are then collected and input to our depression classification model to extract depression polarities which may be affected by COVID-19 and related events during the COVID-19 period. The contributions of this paper primarily include:
- Novel multi-modal features including emotion, topic and domain-specific features are extracted to describe depression in a comprehensive approach;
- A faithful depression classification model based on TF-IDF, which is simple and scalable in generalisation, is proposed to detect depressions in short texts such as tweets;
- Instead of the depression examination of the whole country, a fine-grained analysis of depression in local government areas of a state in Australia is investigated;
- The links between the community depression and measures implemented by the government during the COVID-19 pandemic are examined.
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first work to investigate the community depression dynamics across the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to conduct the fine-grained analysis of depression and demonstrate the links of depression dynamics with measures implemented by the government and the COVID-19 itself during the pandemic.
The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. We firstly review the related work in Section II and introduce the collected real-world dataset in Section III. After that, we demonstrate our proposed method for COVID-19 depression analysis in section IV and present the experiments and verify the performance of the proposed model in Section V. The proposed novel model is then used to detect community depressions in New South Wales in Australia in Section VI. Finally, this work is concluded with an outlook on future work in Section VII.
Related Work {#Relatedwork}
============
In this section, we review the related work for depression detection. We also highlight how our work differs from these existing approaches.
Machine learning based depression detection
-------------------------------------------
Social media has long been used as the data source for depression detection due to the largely available user-generated text data [@sadeque2018measuring; @kolliakou2020mental]. The shared text data and the social behaviour of the social network users are assumed to contain clues for identifying depressed users. To find the depression pattern for social media users, many works have been done to adopt traditional machine learning models such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and J48 for depression classification and detection based on different feature engineering techniques. For example, Wang et al. [@wang2013depression] have proposed a binary depression detection model for Chinese Sina micro-blogs to classify the posts as depressed or non-depressed. Based on the features extracted from the content of the micro-blog such as the sentiment polarity of sub-sentences, the users’ online interactions with others and the user behaviours, they have trained J48 tree, Bayes network, and rule-based decision table as classifiers for depression detection. De Choudhury [@de2013predicting] et al. have investigated to predict depression for social media users based on Twitter and found that social media contain meaningful indicators for predicting the onset of depressions among individual users. To get the ground truth of users’ suffered depression history, De Choudhury et al. adopted the crowdsourcing to collect Twitter users who have been diagnosed with clinical (Major Depressive Disorder) MDD based on the CES-D2 (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) screening test. Then, to link the depression symptoms with the social media data, they extracted several measures such as user engagement and emotion, egocentric social graph, linguistic style, depressive language user, and the mentions of antidepressant medications from users’ social media history for one year. Finally, they trained SVM as the depression classifier base on the ground truth and the extracted features for the tested Twitter users with prediction accuracy around 70%. Similarly, Tsugawa et al. [@tsugawa2015recognizing] have investigated in recognizing depression from the Twitter activities. To get the ground truth data of users’ depression degree record, they chose the web-based questionnaire for facts collection. Then, similar features such as topic features extracted using topic modelling like Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LD), polarities of words and tweet frequency are extracted from the Twitter users’ activity histories for training an SVM classifier.
Later, Yang et al. [@yang2015gis] have proposed to analyse the spatial patterns of depressed Twitter users based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies. They firstly adopted Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) to identify the depressed tweets from online users. Then, they exploited the geo-tagged information as the indicator of users’ geographical location and analyzed the spatial patterns of depressed users. Shen et al. [@shen2017depression] have made efforts to explore comprehensive multi-modal features for depression detection. They adopted six groups of discriminant depression-oriented features extracted from users’ social network, profile, visual content, tweets’ emotions, tweets’ topics and domain-specific knowledge are used as representations for Twitter users. Then, a dictionary learning model is used to learn from the features and capture the jointly cross-modality relatedness for a fused sparse representation and train a classifier to predict the depressed users.
Different from these work in feature extraction which may be either impractical like using crowdsourcing to manually label each user or too customized like extracting different kinds of social behaviours of users, we propose to combine the robust and simple text feature representation method: Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) with other multi-modal features such as topics and emotions to represent the text data.
Deep learning based depression detection
----------------------------------------
More recently, the rapidly developed deep learning techniques have also been used for depression detection. For example, Shen et al. [@shen2018cross] have proposed a cross-domain deep neural network with feature transformation and combination strategy for transfer learning of depressive features from different domains. They have argued that the two major challenges regarding cross-domain learning are defined as isomerism and divergence and proposed DNN-FATC which includes Feature Normalization & Alignment (FNA) and Divergent Feature Conversion (DFC) to better transfer learning. Orabi et al. [@orabi_deep_2018] have proposed to explore the word embedding techniques where they used pre-trained Skip-Gram (SG) and Continuous Bag-of-Words (CBOW) models currently implemented in the word2vec [@mikolov2013distributed] package for better textual feature extraction to train a neural network-based classifier. We have also seen researchers using deep reinforcement learning to depression detection on Twitter. For instance, Gui et al. [@gui2019cooperative] have proposed a cooperative multi-agent model to jointly learn the textual and visual information for accurate depression inference. In their proposed method, the text feature is extracted using a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and the visual feature is extracted using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The selection for useful features from GRU and CNN is designed as policy gradient agents and trained by a centralized critic that implements difference rewards.
Even though deep learning has become the dominated method for many classifications or prediction tasks, it cannot guarantee that deep learning is feasible on any tasks. For example, [@nguyen-grishman-2015-relation] compared a bunch of methods including different conventional methods and deep learning methods for information extraction tasks from a text corpus. We are not surprised to find that deep learning did not outperform the conventional methods as expected. Furthermore, deep learning techniques are usually dependent on large datasets with faithful co-occurrence statistics which might not be obtained from sparse and short texts especially online user-generated content such as tweets which is characterised by relatively limited labelled text in the depression study. While TF-IDF is simple and scalable, it has proven to model a wide-range of datasets including large and small datasets. Therefore, in our study, we propose to adopt the traditional classification methods with TF-IDF for depression detection to obtain a faithful model with a strong generalisation ability in various situations of small and large datasets. Most importantly, even non-experts such as those from the government and NGOs could easily understand the intricacies of the model and apply our model on their data to detect community dynamics in their region and make further decisions accordingly.
Depression detection due to COVID-19
------------------------------------
The impact of COVID-19 on people’s mental health has been recently reported in various research. For instance, Galea et al. [@galea2020mental] have pointed out that the mental health consequences due to this pandemic are applicable in both the short and long term. They have appealed to develop ways to intervene with the inevitability of loneliness and its consequence as people are physically and socially isolated. Huang et al. [@huang2020generalized] have exploited a web-based cross-sectional survey based on the National Internet Survey on Emotional and Mental Health (NISEMH) to investigate people’s mental health status in China by spreading the questionnaire on Wechat (a popular social media platform in China). To infer the depression symptoms for the anonymous participants, they have adopted a predefined Epidemiology Scale to identify whether participants had depressive symptoms. Similarly, Ni et al. [@ni2020mental] have conducted a survey on the online platform to investigate the mental health of 1577 community-based adults and 214 health professionals during the epidemic and lockdown. The results show that around one-fifth of respondents reported probable anxiety and probable depression. These works are mainly based on questionnaires and pre-defined mental heath scale models for inference. In contrast, our proposed work relies on detecting depression from social media data automatically which shows advantages in monitoring a large number of people’s mental health states.
Data
====
Study location
--------------
In this study, a case study for analysing depression dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic in the state of New South Wales (NSW) in Australia is conducted. NSW has a large population of around 8.1 million people according to the census in September 2019 from Australian Bureau of Statistics[^8]. The NSW’s capital city Sydney is Australia’s most populated city with a population of over 5.3 million people. The Local Government Areas (LGAs) are the third tier of government in the Australian state (the three tiers are federal, state, and local government).
Data collection
---------------
To analyse the dynamics of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic period at a fine-grained level, we collected tweets from Twitter users who live in different LGAs of NSW in Australia. The time span of the collected tweets is from 1 January 2020 to 22 May 2020 which covers dates that the first confirmed case of coronavirus was reported in NSW (25 January 2020) and the first time that the NSW premier announced the relaxing for the lockdown policy (10 Mary 2020). There are 128 LGAs in NSW. In this study, Twitter data were collected for each LGA separately so that the depression dynamics can be analysed and compared for LGAs. Twitter data were collected through the user timeline crawling API *user\_timeline*[^9] in Tweepy which is a python wrapper for the official Twitter API [^10]. Table \[tab:lga\_user\_num\] shows the summary of the collected tweet dataset. In summary, 94,707,264 tweets were collected with averagely 739,901 tweets for each LGA during the study period. Datasets of COVID-19 tests and confirmed cases in NSW during the study period were collected from DATA.NSW [^11].
**Description** **Size**
------------------------------ ------------
Total Twitter users 183,104
Average Twitter user per LGA 1,430.5
Average tweets per LGA 739,900.5
Total tweets 94,707,264
: Summary of the collected Twitter dataset.
\[tab:lga\_user\_num\]
{width="0.99\linewidth"}
Fig. \[fig:nsw\_test\_confirmed\_cases\] shows the overview of the number of tests (polylines with dots) and confirmed cases (bars) of COVID-19 in NSW over the study period. It demonstrates that there usually had test peaks at the beginning of each week and had fewer numbers at the weekend, which well aligns with the people’s living habits in Australia. It shows that the outbreak peak of COVID-19 in NSW was on 26 March 2020 and tests were significantly increased after 13 April 2020. It also shows that most of the confirmed cases were originally related to overseas.
Dataset for depression model training
-------------------------------------
In order to detect depression at the tweet level, we created two labelled datasets for both depressed and non-depressed tweets:
- Positive tweets (depressed): we used a previous work dataset from [@shen2017depression]. Shen et al. [@shen2017depression] published around 300K tweets with 1400 depressed users. In order to have a better performance, we increased the number of positive tweets by crawling additional 600K tweets from the Twitter keyword streaming API. We adopted the same keywords search that selected by [@shen2017depression] where users identified themselves as depressed, and we also used a regular expression to find positive tweets (e.g. I’m depressed AND suicide).
- Negative tweets (non-depressed): In order to balance the negative tweets with the positive tweets, we randomly selected 900K tweets which were not labelled as depressed from the collected tweets. Table \[tab:approach\_data\] shows the summary of labelled data used to train the depression model.
**Description** **Size**
---------------------- -------------
Depressed tweets $\sim$ 900K
Non-Depressed tweets $\sim$ 900K
: Summary of labelled data used to train depression model.
\[tab:approach\_data\]
After the collection of experimental data, features need to be extracted from social media text. However, because of the free-style nature of social media text, it is hard to extract useful features directly from raw text data and apply them to a classifier. The raw text data also affect the efficiency of extracting reliable features, and it makes it difficult to find word similarities and apply semantic analysis. Therefore, raw data must be pre-processed before feature extraction, in order to clean and filter data and ensure the data quality for feature extraction. Pre-processing may also involve other procedures such as text normalization.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) toolkit has been widely used for text pre-processing due to its high-quality processing capabilities such as processing sentimental analysis datasets [@horecki2015natural]. Natural Language Processing Toolkit (NLTK) library is considered as one of the most powerful NLP libraries in Python programming. NLTK contains packages that make data processing with human language easily and is used widely by various researchers for text data pre-processing. Therefore, before feeding our data to the model, we used NLTK to remove user mentions, URL links and punctuation from tweets. Furthermore, we removed common words from each tweet such as “the”, “an”, etc.). There are various reasons which have been mentioned in the literature where removing the stop words has had a positive impact on the model’s quantitative performance, for instance, sometimes stop words deteriorate the classifications performance, sometimes they also have a huge impact on the model efficiency because these stop words increase the parameter space of the model, among various other reasons. NLTK has a set of stop words which enable removing them from any text data easily. Finally, we stem tweets using NLTK using the Porter Stemmer.
Our Model
=========
Proposed method
---------------
In this study, two sets of features are extracted from raw text and used to represent tweet. Since extracting features would be challenging due to the short length of the tweets and single tweet does not provide sufficient word occurrences, we, therefore, combine multi-modal feature with Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) feature to analyze depressed tweets. Our proposed framework is shown in Fig. \[fig:detection\_approach\].
{width="75.00000%"}
Multi-modal features
--------------------
User behaviours at the tweet level could be modelled by the linguistic features of tweets posted by the user. Inspired by [@shen2017depression], we defined a set of features consisting of three modalities. These three modalities of features are as follows:
- **Emotional features**: The emotion of depressed people is usually different from non-depressed people, which influences their posts on social media. In this work, we studied user positive and negative emoji in each tweet to represent emotional features. Furthermore, users in social media often use a lot of slang and short words, which also convey positive and negative emotions [@novak2015sentiment]. In this study, positive and negative emotion features are also extracted based on those slang and short words.
- **Topic-level features**: We adopted Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) [@blei2003latent] to extract topic-level features since LDA is the most popular method used in the topic modelling to extract topics from text, which could be considered as a high-level latent structure of content. The idea of LDA is based on the assumption of a mixture of topics forms documents, each of which generates words based on their Dirichlet distribution of probability. Given the scope of the tweet content, we defined 25 latent topics in this study, which topic number is often adopted in other studies. We have also found that this number of topics gives satisfactory results in our experiments. we implemented LDA in Python with Scikit-Learn.
- **Domain specific features**: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition (also called DSM-IV) is a manual published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that includes almost all currently recognized mental health disorder symptoms [@oconnor_screening_2009]. We, therefore, chose the DSM-IV Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder to describe keywords related to the nine depressive symptoms. Pre-trained word2vec (Gensim pre-trained model based on Wikipedia corpus) was used in this study to extend our keywords that are similar to these symptoms. We also extracted “Antidepressant” by creating a complete list of clinically approved prescription antidepressants in the world.
1. Depressed mood.
2. Loss of interest
3. Weight or appetite change
4. Sleep disturbance
5. Psychomotor changes
6. Fatigue or loss of energy
7. Feel Worthlessness
8. Reduced concentration
9. Suicidal ideation
For a given sample of tweet, the multi-modal features are represented as $X_{t1}, X_{t2}, X_{t3},\ldots, X_{tn}$, where $\mathit X_{ti} \in \,\, {\mathbb R}^{\mathbf d}$ is the $d$-dimensional feature for the $i$-th modality for each tweet and $n$ is the size of the combined feature space, which is 21 in this study.
TF-IDF
------
We first review the definitions of Term Frequency and Inverse Document Frequency below.
**Definition 1.** **Term Frequency (TF)**: consider the tweets in Bag-of-Word model (BoW), where each tweet is modeled as a sequence of words without order info. Apparently in BoW scheme, a word in a tweet with occurrence frequency of 10 is more important than a term with that frequency of 1, but not proportional to the frequency. Here we use the log term frequency $ltf$ as defined by: $$\label{equ:tf}
ltf_{(t,d)} = 1+log(1+tf_{(t,d)})$$
where $tf_{(t,d)}$ represents occurrence number of the term $t$ in a tweet $d$.
**Definition 2.** **Inverse Document Frequency (IDF)**: It uses the frequency of the term in the whole collection for weighting the significance of the term in light of inverse effect. Therefore under this scheme, the IDF value of a rare word is higher, whereas lower for a frequent term, i.e. weighting more on the distinct words. The log IDF which measures the informativeness of a term is defined as: $$\label{equ:idf}
idf_{t}=log_{10} \frac{N}{df_{t}}$$
where $N$ represents the total number of tweets in the tweet corpus, and $df_{t}$ the number of tweets containing the term $t$.
Therefore, TF-IDF is calculated by combining TF and IDF as represented in Eq.\[equ:tf-idf\]. $$\label{equ:tf-idf}
tfidf_{t}=tf_{t} * idf_{t}$$
In order to extract relevant information from each tweet and reduce the amount of redundant data without losing important information, we combined multi-modalities with TF-IDF. TF-IDF is a numerical statistic metric to reflect the importance of a word in a list or corpus, which is widely studied in relevant work. Choudhury et al. [@de2013predicting] applied TF-IDF to words in Wikipedia to remove extremely frequent terms and then used the top words with high TF-IDF. The approach helped them to assess the frequency of uses of depression terms that appear on each user’s Twitter posts on a given day. In [@singh2019framework] the authors have used TF-IDF in their model to compare the difference of performance by feeding TF-IDF into five machine learning models. It was found that all of them can achieve very good performance. However, one weakness of BoW is unable to consider the word position in the text, semantics, co-occurrences in different documents. Therefore, TF-IDF is only useful as a lexical level feature.
Modeling depression in tweets
-----------------------------
Two labelled datasets as introduced in the previous section are used to train the depression classification model for tweets. Here we only use English tweets to train the model, and all non-English tweets are excluded. We also exclude any tweets with a length shorter than five words since these tweets could only introduce noise and influence the effectiveness of the model negatively. Three mainstream classification methods are used in this study to compare their performance, namely Logistic Regression (LR), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB) .We used scikit-learn libraries to import the three classification methods. The classification performance by these three methods were evaluated by 5-fold cross-validation. The experiments are conducted using Python 3.6.3 with 16-cores CPU.
We evaluate the classification models by using measure of Accuracy (ACC.), Recall (Rec.), Macro-averaged Precision (Prec.), and Macro-averaged F1-Measure (F1).
Classification Evaluation Results
=================================
We firstly evaluate how well the existing models can detect depressed tweets. After extracting the feature representations of each tweet, three different classification models are trained with the labelled data. We adopted a ratio of 75:25 to split the labelled data into training and testing data. We performed experiments by using TF-IDF, multi-modality, and combined features under three different classification models.
We compare the performance of models using only Multi-Modalities (MM) features with the three different classifiers as shown in Table \[tab:modal\]. We found that Gaussian Naive Bayes for MM features obtained the highest Precision score compared to other classifiers, and Logistic Regression performs better than the other two classifiers in terms of Recall, F1-Score, and Accuracy.
**Features** **Method** **Precision** **Recall** **F1-Score** **Accuracy**
-------------- ------------ --------------- ------------ -------------- -------------- -- --
LR 0.842 0.828 0.832 0.833
Multi-Modal LDA 0.843 0.816 0.820 0.824
GNB 0.873 0.814 0.818 0.825
: The performance of tweet depression detection based on multi-modalties only.
\[tab:modal\]
Furthermore, in order to see how different features impact the classification performance, we use the TF-IDF standalone with three classifiers for comparison and the results are as shown in Table \[tab:tf\]. It shows that all three classifiers can achieve satisfactory classification results. LR and LDA shared the highest Precision and F1-Score. LR competes with the other two classifiers according to the Recall and Accuracy.
**Features** **Method** **Precision** **Recall** **F1-Score** **Accuracy**
-------------- ------------ --------------- ------------ -------------- -------------- -- --
LR 0.908 0.896 0.900 0.901
TF-IDF LDA 0.906 0.893 0.897 0.898
GNB 0.891 0.873 0.877 0.879
: The performance of tweet depression detection based on TF-IDF only.
\[tab:tf\]
Table \[tab:tf\_modal\] shows the model performance when we concatenate both MM and TF-IDF features, and we can see that the model has improved the performance further slightly. One conclusion we can draw here is that TF-IDF textual feature can make main satisfactory contribution to detect depression tweets, while other modality can provide additional support. This could be attributed to the lexical importance to depressed-related tweets. Another reason why the overall combination of multi-modal features did not give us a big lift in the results could be because, as mentioned earlier, tweets are highly sparse, poorly phrased, short texts, and noisy content. Therefore, deriving semantic content from tweets, for instance, using the LDA model would always be very challenging to get a huge boost in the results. This is mainly because any statistical model relies on the co-occurrence statistics which might be poor in our case. However, we still see an improvement in the overall recall result, which is important in this case, because we are noticing a reduction in the number of false negative detection. This is mainly because of the interplay between all three features which suggest that these features are important and cannot be ignored.
**Features** **Method** **Precision** **Recall** **F1-Score** **Accuracy**
-------------- ------------ --------------- ------------ -------------- -------------- -- --
LR 0.908 0.899 0.902 0.903
MM+TF-IDF LDA 0.912 0.899 0.903 0.904
GNB 0.891 0.874 0.878 0.879
: The performance of tweet depression detection based on Multi-Modalties + TF-IDF.
\[tab:tf\_modal\]
{width="0.99\linewidth"}
Detecting Depression due to COVID-19
====================================
After having testified our classification model, we utilise our approach to detect depressed tweets from different LGAs of NSW, Australia. Since our model deals only with English tweets, we had to exclude tweets in all other languages and input English tweets only into our model to predict depression. We ended up with 49 million tweets from 128 LGAs in NSW. We fed the LR with (MM + TF-IDF) model with these tweets, and the model found that nearly 2 million tweets were classified as depressed tweets. In this section, we show the depression dynamics in NSW during the study period between 1 January 2020 and 22 May 2020. The depression dynamics in different LGAs in NSW are also analysed to demonstrate how COVID-19 pandemic may affect people’s mental health.
Depression dynamics in NSW
--------------------------
Fig. \[fig:nsw\_depression\] presents the overall community depression dynamics in NSW with the confirmed cases of COVID-19 together during the study period between 1 January 2020 and 22 May 2020. “Depression level” refers to the proportion of the number of depressed tweets over the whole number of tweets each day. From this figure, we can find that people showed a low level of depression during the period before the significant increase in the confirmed cases of COVID-19 until 8 March 2020 in NSW. People’s depression level was significantly increased with a significant increase in confirmed cases of COVID-19. The depression level reached to the peak during the peak outbreak period of COVID-19 on 26 March 2020. After that, people’s depression level decreased significantly for a short period and then kept relatively stable with some short fluctuations. Overall, the analysis clearly shows that people became more depressed after the outbreak of COVID-19 on 8 March 2020 in NSW.
When we drill down into details of Fig. \[fig:nsw\_depression\], it was found that people’s depression was much sensitive to sharp changes of confirmed cases of COVID-19 on that day or after. For example, people’s depression level had sharp changes around days of 10 March, 25 March, 30 March, and 14 April 2020 (there were sharp changes of confirmed cases of COVID-19 on these days). The sharp increase of confirmed cases of COVID-19 usually resulted in the sharp increase of depression levels (i.e. people became more depressed because of the sharp increase of confirmed cases of COVID-19).
{width="0.49\linewidth"} {width="0.49\linewidth"}
Depression under implemented government measures and big events
---------------------------------------------------------------
This subsection investigates the links between people’s depression and implemented government measures for COVID-19 (such as lockdown) as well as big events during the pandemic.
By investigating the labelled topics with the hashtag in the collected Twitter data, it was found that the topics of “lockdown” and “social-distancing” were started to be discussed actively from 9 March when the government encouraged people to increase social-distancing in the life, and the NSW government officially announced the state lockdown on 30 March and the restrictions were begun from 31 March[^12]. The NSW government announced the ease of restrictions on 10 May[^13]. When we link these dates with depression levels as shown in Fig. \[fig:nsw\_depression\], it was found that people felt significantly more depressed when they started to actively discuss the lockdown restriction on 9 March. People were slightly more depressed after the official implementation of the state lockdown in NSW. The results revealed that the lockdown measure may make people more depressed. However, people still became more depressed even if after the relaxation of lockdown. This is maybe because people still worried about the spread of this severe virus due to the increased community activities.
We are also interested in whether people’s depression was affected by big events during the COVID-19 period. For example, the Ruby Princess Cruise docked in Sydney Harbour on 18 March 2020. About 2700 passengers were allowed to disembark on 19 March without isolation or other measures although some passengers had COVID-19 symptoms at that time, which was considered to create a coronavirus hotbed in Australia. The Ruby Princess Cruise has been reported to be linked to at least 662 confirmed cases and 22 deaths of COVID-19[^14].
We link the depression dynamics as shown in Fig. \[fig:nsw\_depression\] with the important dates of the Ruby Princess Cruise (e.g. docking date, disembarking date) and actual timeline of the public reporting of confirmed cases and deaths as well as other events (e.g. police in NSW announced a criminal investigation into the Ruby Princess Cruise debacle on 5 April) related to the Ruby Princess ^\[fn:au\_covid\_time\]^. We have not found significant changes in people’s depression on those dates. This may imply that the big events did not cause people’s depression changes significantly.
Depression dynamics in LGAs
---------------------------
We further analysed community depression dynamics in LGAs in NSW. Fig. \[fig:lga\_depression\_all\] shows examples of choropleth maps of community depression dynamics in LGAs in NSW for two different months which are March 2020 and April 2020. We can observe from the maps that the community depression level was different across different LGAs in each month. Furthermore, the community depression of each LGA changed in different months. On average, people in LGAs were more depressed in March than in April. This is maybe because the number of daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 was significantly increased to a peak and it was gradually decreased in April.
We also dig into more details of depression changes of LGAs around Sydney City areas. For example, Ryde, North Sydney, and Willoughby are three neighbouring LGAs in Northern Sydney. Their community depression dynamics and corresponding confirmed cases of COVID-19 are shown in Fig. \[fig:lga\_depression\_selected\], respectively. When comparing the dynamics in this figure, we can see that different LGAs showed different depression dynamics maybe because some events specifically related to that LGA. For example, in an aged care centre in Ryde LGA, a nurse and an 82-year-old elderly resident were first tested positive for coronavirus at the beginning of March[^15]. After that, a number of elderly residents in this aged care centre were tested positive for COVID-19 or even died. At the same time, a childcare centre and a hospital in this LGA have been reported positive COVID-19 cases in March. Many staff from the childcare centre and the hospital were asked to test the virus and conduct home isolation for 14 days. All these may result in the significant community depression changes in March 2020 as shown in Fig. \[fig:lga\_depression\_selected\]. For example, the depression level in Ryde LGA was changed significantly to a very high level on 10 March 2020 and 16 March 2020 respectively.
However, it was not found that the community depression dynamics in an LGA showed close relations with the dynamics of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in that LGA as we found in the state level. Maybe this is because the community depression dynamics in an LGA was affected largely by the confirmed cases in the overall state but not the local government area. This aligns with our common sense during the COVID-19 pandemic: even if our family is currently safe from COVID-19, we are still worrying about the life because of the continuing significant increases of COVID-19 all over the world especially in big countries.
{width="0.95\linewidth"} {width="0.95\linewidth"} {width="0.95\linewidth"}
Discussion
----------
COVID-19 pandemic has affected people’s lives all over the world. Due to social-distancing measures and other restrictions implemented by the government, people often use social media such as Twitter for socialising.
The results of this study showed that our novel depression classification model can successfully detect community depression dynamics in NSW state level during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was found that people became more depressed after the outbreak of COVID-19 in NSW. People’s depression level was much sensitive to sharp changes in confirmed cases of COVID-19, and the sharp increase of confirmed cases made people more depressed. When we conducted a fine-grained analysis of depression dynamics in LGAs in NSW, our novel model can also detect the differences of people’s depression in LGAs as well as depression changes in each LGA at a different period.
The study found that the policies/measures implemented by the government such as the state lockdown has had obvious impact on community depression. The implementation of the state lockdown made people more depressed; however, the relaxation of restriction also made people more depressed. This could be primarily because people are still worried about the spread of COVID-19 due to the increased community activities after the relaxation of restrictions.
This study did not find the significant effects of big events such as the Ruby Princess Cruise ship coronavirus disaster in Sydney on the community depression. This is maybe because the data related to the disaster is small and passengers were also from other Australian states and even overseas besides NSW.
Conclusion and Future Work
==========================
This paper conducted a comprehensive examination of the community depression dynamics in the state of NSW in Australia due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A novel depression classification model based on multi-modal features and TF-IDF was proposed to detect depression polarities from the Twitter text. By using Twitter data collected from each LGAs of NSW from 1 January 2020 until 22 May 2020 as input to our novel model, this paper investigated the fine-grained analysis of community depression dynamics in NSW. The results showed that people became more depressed after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. People’s depression was also affected by the sharp changes in confirmed cases of COVID-19. Our model successfully detected depression dynamics because of the implementations of measures by the government. When we drilled down into LGAs, it was found that different LGAs showed different depression polarities during the timeframe of the tweets used in our study, and each LGA may have different depression polarity on different days. It was observed that the big health emergencies in an LGA had a significant impact on people’s depression. However, we did not find significant effects of the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in an LGA on people’s depressions in that LGA as we observed in the state level. These findings could help authorities such as governmental departments to manage community mental health disorders more objectively. The proposed approach can also help government authorities to learn the effectiveness of policies implemented.
In this special period of the COVID-19 pandemic, we focused on the effects of COVID-19 on people’s depression dynamics. However, other factors such as unemployment, poverty, family relationship, personal health, and various others may also lead people to be depressed. Our future work will investigate how these factors may affect community depression dynamics. Furthermore, community depression will also be investigated using the topics over time model and using the temporal topics as multi-modal features. More recent and advanced classification models will be investigated to classify people’s depression polarities.
[^1]: J. Zhou, S. Yang, and F. Chen are with Data Science Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Australia, e-mails: Jianlong.Zhou@uts.edu.au, Shuiqiao.Yang@uts.edu.au, Fang.Chen@uts.edu.au
[^2]: H. Zogan and G. Xu are with Advanced Analytics Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Australia, e-mails: Hamad.A.Zogan@student.uts.edu.au, Guandong.Xu@uts.edu.au
[^3]: S. Jameel is with University of Essex, UK, email: Shoaib.Jameel@essex.ac.uk
[^4]: $^*$Corresponding authors
[^5]: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/preparing-for-large-scale-community-transmission-of-covid-19
[^6]: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/
[^7]: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1106498/home-media-consumption-coronavirus-worldwide-by-country/
[^8]: <https://www.abs.gov.au/>
[^9]: <http://docs.tweepy.org/en/latest/api.html#api-reference>
[^10]: <https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/api-reference-index>
[^11]: <https://data.nsw.gov.au/>
[^12]: <https://gazette.legislation.nsw.gov.au/so/download.w3p?id=Gazette_2020_2020-65.pdf>
[^13]: <https://www.nsw.gov.au/media-releases/nsw-to-ease-restrictions-week-0>
[^14]: \[fn:au\_covid\_time\]<https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/02/australias-coronavirus-lockdown-the-first-50-days>
[^15]: <https://www.smh.com.au/national/woman-catches-coronavirus-in-australia-40-sydney-hospital-staff-quarantined-20200304-p546lf.html>
|
Dendritic cell vaccines loaded with autologous tumor lysates for solid tumors.
Recently, immunotherapy has been utilized as a novel option for the treatment of various malignancies, however, it is necessary to develop immune cell therapy on the basis of the blockade of immune checkpoints, antigen presentation on dendritic cell (DC) vaccines and the high avidity tumor reactive T cells. Autologous tumor lysate-loaded DC vaccines could have a potency to elicit T cells immune response with both epitopes of neoantigen and com- mon antigen; however the innate immunity should be essential for the cross-presentation process. Furthermore, DC vaccines loaded with tumor lysates by electroporation system eli- cited both antigen-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells. In order to break the immunosuppression, the combined therapy of the tumor lysate-loaded DC vaccines and immune checkpoint inhib- itors should be investigated in the future. |
Everyday Shea Vanilla Mint Moisturizing Shampoo
Item is no longer available.
Product Description
Gentle, creamy shampoo formulated with Unrefined Shea Butter, Virgin Coconut Oil and anti-oxidant Shea Leaf extract cleans thoroughly without stripping hair's natural oils. Scented with refreshing, pure Lavender essential oil or a relaxing blend of Vanilla Extract and Spearmint essential oil. Carefully formulated for everyday use on all hair types. The Alaffia Company was created to help West African communities become sustainable through the fair trade of indigenous resources. One key to sustainability is empowerment of individuals within the communities. We encourage empowerment through our community projects, our women's cooperatives, and education and involvement in our customer communities.
Specification
Name
Value
Concern
Dryness
Key Ingredient
Coconut Oil
Key Ingredient
Shea Butter
Size
Jumbo
Type
Shampoo
Ways to Shop
Healthy Living
Height
8.80
Width
3.40
Depth
3.60
Weight
2.40
Actual product packaging and materials may contain more or different information than that shown on our website. You should not rely solely on the information presented here. Always read labels, warnings and directions before using or consuming a product. View full Product Information Disclaimer |
Standard, Corporate or Enterprise Editions
After you complete the purchase process of your Enterprise Subscription Plan, you will receive an email that includes links where you can download the enterprise version and the corresponding license.
Step 2: Extract ProcessMaker
After the download has finished, decompress the tarball in the directory where ProcessMaker will be installed. ProcessMaker can be installed in any directory that is not publicly accessible from the internet (so do NOT install it in /var/www). ProcessMaker is generally installed in /opt since it is an optional program that does not come from standard repositories. Do one of the following depending on which ProcessMaker edition you have:
Set File Permissions
Issue the following commands as the root user so that ProcessMaker can access the necessary files in CentOS.
By default, the Apache or NGINX service runs as the apache or nginx user.
Therefore, the web service must own the ProcessMaker directory so that the web service can read and write the data. The -R option makes the ownership changes recursively so they apply to all the files and subdirectories within /opt/processmaker).
Use the following command to make the apache user the owner of all the ProcessMaker files:
chown -R apache:apache /opt/processmaker
Use the following command to make the nginx user the owner of all the ProcessMaker files:
chown -R nginx:nginx /opt/processmaker
After these changes, verify the permissions and owner of the processmaker directory with the command ls -l. Below is an example for the Apache web server. If using NGINX, it would show that all the ProcessMaker files are owned by nginx.
Replace your_ip_address with the IP number or domain name of the server running ProcessMaker. If you only planning on running and accessing ProcessMaker on your local machine, then use the IP address "127.0.0.1". If using ProcessMaker on a machine whose IP address might change (such as a machine whose IP address is assigned with DHCP), then use *, which represents any IP address. To use a port other than port 80, then it is also necessary to specify the port number.
If your DNS or /etc/hosts has a defined domain for ProcessMaker, then use that domain for your_processmaker_domain. Otherwise, use the same IP address for your_processmaker_domain as was used for your_ip_address. For more information, see the Apache Virtual Hosts Documentation.
Note:It is also possible to define the virtual host for ProcessMaker in the Apache configuration by inserting the above VirtualHost definition into the file /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf.
Replace your_ip_address with the IP number or domain name of the server running ProcessMaker. If you only planning on running and accessing ProcessMaker on your local machine, then use the IP address "127.0.0.1". If using ProcessMaker on a machine whose IP address might change (such as a machine whose IP address is assigned with DHCP), then use *, which represents any IP address. To use a port other than port 80, then it is also necessary to specify the port number.
If your DNS or /etc/hosts has a defined domain for ProcessMaker, then use that domain for your_processmaker_domain. Otherwise, use the same IP address for your_processmaker_domain as was used for your_ip_address. For more information, see the Apache Virtual Hosts Documentation.
Note:It is also possible to define the virtual host for ProcessMaker in the Apache configuration by inserting the above VirtualHost definition into the file /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf.
2. On the same file, change the server_name attribute with the IP of your server as an example:
server_name 192.168.1.100;
3. Reset the nginx server:
service nginx restart
Step 5: Install ProcessMaker
After all stack configurations are complete, open a web browser and enter the IP address (and port number if not using the default port 80) where ProcessMaker is to be installed. For instance, if ProcessMaker is to be installed at the address 192.168.10.100, then go to:
http://192.168.10.100
If it is installed locally at port 8080, go to:
http://127.0.0.1:8080
Then, in the web browser, use the installation wizard to complete the ProcessMaker installation.
Pre-Installation Check
The first screen of the installation wizard checks whether the server meets the requirements to install ProcessMaker.
If you are using a version below 3.3, it displays this Pre-installation Check screen:
For version 3.3 and later it displays this screen:
This screen checks the versions of PHP, MySQL, and cURL and ensures that the necessary PHP modules are enabled and the PHP memory_limit is at least 80MB. Requirements that are not met will be marked as No. Fix any missing requirements before continuing with the installation.
When all requirements are met, click Next.
File Permissions
The second screen of the installation wizard lists the paths of the directories where ProcessMaker stores its files and checks whether those directories have the correct file permissions.
If there is a problem accessing some files or directories, check to make sure the file permissions of the directories are set, so the web server administrator user running ProcessMaker can access them, then click the Check again button to refresh the list.
It is possible to change the location of the shared directory, where files containing process and case data are stored. This directory is placed inside the ProcessMaker installation directory under shared by default, but it can be placed in another location or on a Network Address Translation (NAT) server. If the default location for the shared directory is not used, make sure that the chosen location has the proper file permissions so that it can be accessed by ProcessMaker, but is still restricted from normal users on the server who shouldn't have access to sensitive files. It is recommended to regularly back up the shared directory and MySQL files to prevent data loss.
When file permissions are properly set, click Next.
ProcessMaker Open Source License
The third screen of the installation wizard displays the ProcessMaker license.
Mark the option I agree and click on Next to continue the installation.
Database Configuration
The fourth screen of the installation wizard configures the connection to the MySQL database. The Next button remains disabled until all database configuration fields contain values. Follow these steps to configure the MySQL database connection:
1. Select the database engine that you are using, in this case, it would be MySQL.
2. Enter the hostname in the Host Name field. If connecting to the local machine, use localhost.
3. Enter the port which the database is going to use.
4. Enter the root user’s username and password to the MySQL database in the User Name and Password fields, respectively.
5. Click Test Connection to verify the connection to the database. If the ProcessMaker install wizard cannot connect to the MySQL database for any reason, an error message displays.
6. After you have verified the connection, click Next.
Workspace Configuration
The last screen of the installation wizard is to configure the username and password of the Administrator user, which are both "admin" by default.
The ProcessMaker workspace and its database can also be configured in this step.
Follow these steps to configure the workspace name and Administrator user:
Enter the workspace name in the Workspace Name field, it only allows alphanumeric characters and no more than 29 characters long.
Enter the name of the First user, by default is “admin”, this user will have all the permissions.
Provide the password for the admin user.
Important! The “admin” user will be able to access all the features and functionalities in the ProcessMaker installation, such as system configuration, process creation, editing, users and groups management, case management, and report and dashboard oversight, among others. Thus, it is strongly recommended to create a strong password for this account. Take a look at this list of password dos and don’ts. Also, consider using a strong password generator like this one.
Follow these steps to configure the workspace database:
1. Provide a new name for the Workflow Database Name, by default is the same name as the workspace with a “wf_” at the beginning, to do this it is needed to check the Change database name option.
If the database name already exists you can delete it and recreate the same but clean by checking the Delete database if it exists option.
By default, the installation wizard creates a new MySQL user who is granted access to a new database named "wf_workflow" that will store ProcessMaker data. To use the existing MySQL user instead of creating a new user, mark the Use the current user as the database owner option.
2. Click Check Workspace Configuration to verify the configuration settings are correct. One or more errors displays if there are settings that cannot be used If that is the case, the error will explain where the error is, the most communes are the following:
a. Not passed: This warning displays when the database name already exists, it also displays this warning “WARNING: Database already exists, check “Delete Databases if exists” to overwrite the existing databases.”
b. Please enter a valid Workspace Name / Admin Username / Workflow Database Name: This warning displays when there is an invalid character or the name is too long and needs to be changed.
c. The password confirmation is incorrect: This warning displays when the passwords provided are not the same.
3. After you configure the workflow, click Check Workspace Configuration and if all correct click Finish.
If there are no problems, the message "ProcessMaker was successfully installed" will be displayed.
If there was a problem writing the ProcessMaker files, change the file permissions of the directories to give Apache access.
First Login
After ProcessMaker has been successfully installed, the web browser will be redirected to the login page. The Welcome to ProcessMaker screen:
To avoid seeing the Welcome to ProcessMaker screen on every subsequent login, mark the option Don't show me again.
Follow these steps to log into ProcessMaker:
Enter the username and password of the Administrator user, which is "admin" by default.
Select the language you prefer.
Click on Login to enter ProcessMaker.
The workspace is automatically loaded.
The login page can be customized. For more information see Login Settings.
Note:If a previous version of ProcessMaker was accessed by the web browser unintentionally, it is recommended to clear the browser cache after installing ProcessMaker to clear any stored pages from previous versions of ProcessMaker.
Errors During Installation
If an error occurs during the installation, check the installation log file:
This error indicates that the installer was unable to access the MySQL databases to install the translations. Make sure that the MySQL port (which is 3306 by default) isn't blocked by a firewall and MySQL is configured to accept connections from the server running ProcessMaker.
Apache Possible Configuration Issues
Refer to the following sections that pertain to possible Apache configuration issues:
Setting the Time Zone
The default time zone for the ProcessMaker server can be set by logging into ProcessMaker with the "admin" user and going to Admin > Settings > System. Another way to set the time zone is to edit the env.ini configuration file. |
Barca v PSG: 6-1
I feel the euphoria! All Barca fans do, with this! Unbelievable and they did it!!! Another record breaker for the Catalans! The best team ever!!! Woohoo!!! (Is Luis Enrique still leaving after this though? I hope not.) |
#! /bin/bash
./pack-vm.sh
./deploy-key.sh
./deploy-files.pharo.org.sh |
The Elizabeth Banks-directed reboot of Sony’s Charlie’s Angels has jumped from its November 1 release date to November 15.
As Sony looks to boast its franchises, which it has done marvelously with Jumanji and Venom, the new release date for Charlie’s Angels allows the rebooted series to potentially blossom again — away from the 35-year-old Terminator franchise’s tentpole entry Terminator: Dark Fate, which bows November 1. Not only that, but there’s confidence there’s plenty of global appeal in Charlie’s Angels, hence the new release date, which also gives the movie a jump on Thanksgiving. Fox’s Kingsman 3 also just departed the slot.
Other upsides to November 15: On the same weekend, Charlie’s Angels star Kristen Stewart had four of her Twilight movies crush it, not to mention it’s also where Banks’ Hunger Games films have launched. Furthermore, the school holiday calendar is more favorable toward the end of November.
After Wonder Woman 1984 fled the first weekend in November for summer 2020, Sony was the first to book November 1 Charlie’s Angels (on the evening of October 22 last year). That’s because the original Drew Barrymore-Cameron Diaz-Lucy Liu movie first bowed over the first weekend in November 19 years ago. But then Paramount/Skydance/Fox’s Terminator: Dark Fate jumped on the November 1 date.
Charlie’s Angels will face off against Fox’s James Mangold-directed Ford vs. Ferrari (awards-season counterprogramming), Warner Bros’ The Good Liar, Universal’s Last Christmas and Orion’s untitled horror movie. |
"Wireless cable" is a term usually used to refer to a multi-channel video distribution medium that resembles franchise cable television, but which uses microwave channels rather than coaxial cable or wire to transmit programming to the subscriber. Programming for wireless cable systems is received at the headend of the wireless cable system in the same manner as it is for landline based cable television. These programs are then retransmitted, utilizing the high end of the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) portion of the microwave radio frequency spectrum (2.1 to 2.7 GHz), by a microwave transmitting antenna located on a tower or other tall structure to small antennas on subscriber rooftops, typically within a 40 mile radius.
At the subscriber's location, microwave signals are received by an antenna, down-converted and passed through conventional coaxial cable to a descrambling converter located on top of a television set. The signals are converted at the antenna location to lower frequencies in order to be carried over conventional in-house cable to a converter box, decoded and then output to a standard television set. Because wireless cable signals are transmitted over the air rather than through underground or above-ground cable networks, wireless systems are less susceptible to outages and are less expensive to operate and maintain than franchise cable systems. Most service problems experienced by wireless cable subscribers are home-specific rather than neighborhood-wide, as is frequently the case with franchise cable systems.
As a general matter, the transmission of wireless frequencies requires clear line-of-sight (LOS) between the transmitter and the receiving antenna. Buildings, dense foliage and topography can cause signal interference which can diminish or block signals. Certain LOS constraints can be reduced by increasing transmission power and using engineering techniques such as pre-amplifiers and signal repeaters.
In a typical prior art system, such as shown in FIG. 1, a headend system H receives a number of analog television program signals from a variety of satellite down-link receivers and other types of receivers, in the exact same manner as for a cable television system. The headend system H frequency multiplexes those television program signals into a combined spectrum signal in the 50-450 Mhz range. This combined signal has a frequency distribution similar to that found on a cable television network. The headend system upconverts the combined spectrum signal to the UHF frequency range, typically centered around 2.6 Ghz. The headend system supplies the UHF signal to a single transmitter antenna tower T which broadcasts the signal to subscribers who each have an individual home receiving system. Interactivity requires use of separate telephone line communications, and as a result, typically is very limited. For example, a subscriber can call in to the headend to order pay-per-view events via the telephone network, and the headend transmits one or more codes to the subscriber's receiver system to enable descrambling of encoded pay-per-view programs.
If the telephone line communication involves data reporting, e.g. transferring records of programs viewed to the headend, then a modem in or associated with the converter/descrambler box can transfer the information via a telephone line at some time not typically used for normal telephone conversation, for example between 2:00AM and 4:00AM. Such off-hours telephone line communications, however, do not offer real time interactivity.
Telephone line data communications associated with video programming can provide interactivity, for example to permit ordering of items presented on home shopping channels. However, one user on the premises ties up the telephone line during such interactions. Other users viewing televisions in other locations in the home can not conduct interactive session unless there is a corresponding number of telephone lines to the customer premises. The interaction via the telephone line also prevents normal use of the line until the interactive session is complete.
Proposals have been made to provide a wireless signalling channel for use with the wireless cable service. Specifically, the proposed system would use bandwidth otherwise allocable to video channels to provide a shared use return data channel for upstream interactive signaling. This type of proposal, however, utilizes an extremely scarce resource, i.e. available channel capacity, and would require FCC authorization. Use of such a channel with a shared transmit and receive antenna also would be subject to cross-talk interference, unless substantial guard-bands were provided. Substantial guard-bands, however, further reduce available channel capacity.
With the telephone line approaches, the telephone network already exists, and the video service provider need not incur any additional expense in developing the network for carrying the return channel data. With the wireless return channel type of proposal, however, the return channel and equipment for processing signals on that channel are dedicated to the interactive portion of the wireless cable video service. As a financial matter, this approach forces the wireless video services to support the entire cost of the associated infrastructure. At least initially, the number of subscribers actually using interactive services will not provide sufficient revenue to support the cost of the wireless back-channel equipment.
From this discussion, it should be clear that a need exists for a cost effective system for providing real-time interactive services in combination with a wireless cable television system, without disrupting other communication services. A variety of other needs arise out of the number and transmission characteristics of the channels utilized for wireless cable type services, as discussed below.
FIG. 1A shows a typical service area for a wireless cable type system of the type shown in FIG. 1. In accord with relevant regulations, the wireless cable operator has a protected or `primary` reception area P. At the relevant frequencies here under consideration, the primary area P is a circle having a radius of 15 miles from the operator's transmitter T. Within this area, the operator is guaranteed that there will be no interference with his transmissions on the assigned frequency channel(s). However, at the allowable power levels, the transmissions from antenna tower T will propagate out over a secondary area S having a radius of up to 40 miles. Within the secondary area, some locations will receive sufficient signal strength to utilize the wireless cable services.
UHF signals in the relevant frequency band arrive at the customer location by direct line-of-sight (LOS) transmission. Typically an elliptical dish shaped antenna 18-36 inches long, formed of parallel curved elements, is aimed from the subscriber location to receive the strongest signal from the transmitter. The captured signals are down-converted at the antenna from the microwave band to the broadcast band and transmitted via coaxial wiring into the house. For scrambled signals (the typical case), a set top converter functionally similar to a cable set top box is used. In many UHF installations, to conserve UHF capacity for premium services, a VHF/UHF off-air broadcast receive antenna is installed with the UHF antenna to pick up the local programming.
The evolution of wireless cable may be briefly summarized as follows. Wireless cable technology has existed in a single channel version for commercial purposes since the 1970's and had been available even longer for educational use. In mid-1983, the FCC, invoking the need to promote competition with conventional cable television systems, established a change in the rules for using a portion of the microwave spectrum previously designated for educational use. In the past, 28 microwave channels had been available to accredited and non-profit educational organizations for educational use exclusively by Instructional Television Fixed Service (ITFS) operators. The new rules reallocated eight of those channels for outright commercial use, and educational organizations were permitted to lease excess hours on the remaining 20 channels to commercial operators. In any local market, this makes it possible for a commercial operator to combine available time on any or all of those 28 channels with five other channels already available for commercial use. Thus, under the current FCC rules, the available spectrum results in a maximum of 33 analog channels. This number of `wireless cable` channels is less than the number offered on many competing franchise type cable television systems.
Since 1983 spectrum blocks in the 2.1-2.7 Ghz range have been allocated for the purpose of delivering video content from a single transmit site to multiple receive locations. A total of 198 Mhz has been allocated for downstream transmissions for the wireless cable service. The channelization and transmission modulation (6 Mhz amplitude modulation/vestigial side band) are equivalent to broadcast TV or cable but up-converted to the assigned microwave frequencies.
The relevant portion of the UHF spectrum was originally licensed in blocks of four video channels each separately licensed, with each block allocated to a specific purpose. Five blocks, each with four channels, were allocated to Instructional Television Fixed Service (ITFS). Two blocks of four channels were made available to anyone wishing to provide an alternative multi-channel video program service. The final four channels were licensed individually to institutions for the purpose of providing a private video network. Through licensing and leasing arrangements, the FCC now allows all of the channels to be aggregated for the purpose of providing an alternative to cable television.
The 33 channels potentially available to wireless cable operators thus are subdivided into two types of channels. Twenty channels are referred to as ITFS. The remaining 13 channels are generally referred to as Multi-channel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS).
In many ways, current typical UHF wireless TV is equivalent to a low tier franchise cable television system (i.e. having relatively few channels), with the only real difference lying in the medium used to transport signals from the headend to the customer. Functionally identical headend equipment is utilized in both systems. In the case of UHF service, signals leave the headend via a microwave transmitter. With cable television, the same signals leave the headend on fiber or coaxial cable facilities.
Wireless cable technology provides a relatively low cost medium to transmit video and does not require extensive coaxial cable networks, amplifiers and related equipment. The three major advantages of such service are variable cost technology where capital is spent in establishing cash flows, manageable financial risk because of variable costs, and the possibility of establishing broad based market entry more quickly than is feasible with wireline based video systems. Wireless cable systems are attractive to potential subscribers not yet served by franchise cable operators and can provide customers in cabled areas with an economical alternative to both existing franchise cable and satellite television reception systems. However, the current analog technology presents several problems which have severely limited actual use of `wireless cable`.
Propagation characteristics at the relevant UHF operating frequencies require clear line-of-sight (LOS) between the transmit and receive antennas for reliable service reception. Both natural obstructions such as hills and vegetation, and man-made obstructions such as buildings, water towers and the like, limit the actual households capable of receiving an LOS transmission. FIG. 1A shows a simplified example of one such obstruction O. As illustrated, the obstruction O is within the primary reception area P. The obstruction blocks line-of-sight transmissions from transmitter antenna tower T in a radially extending blockage or shadow area B. Receiving systems within this area can not receive the transmissions from antenna T, and potential customers in that area B can not subscribe to the wireless cable services broadcast from that tower.
One solution to the blockage problem has been to provide repeaters. A repeater receives the primary transmission from tower T on the tower side of the obstruction, amplifies the signal if necessary, and retransmits the signal into the area of blockage. This may be an effective solution to one blockage or obstruction O, but in many major metropolitan areas there are many obstructions. The power levels of such repeaters tend to be low, necessitating use of a large number of repeaters. Also, because of delays and multipath effects, repeater transmissions may interfere with reception from the primary source in areas close to the blockage area B. Overcoming blockages using repeaters together with the necessity for minimizing the attendant distortions that result when amplifying combined RF channels would therefore require an inordinate number of repeaters.
In the industry, a nominal figure for households reachable by LOS is 70%, even with a small, commercially practical number of repeaters. This projected number, however, is based solely on computer models, not actual field measurements. It is believed that actual coverage by the current wireless cable technology in the UHF medium is considerably lower. Typical antenna heights required to achieve the present level of coverage in commercial service are 800-plus feet for transmitters and 30-60 feet for receivers. That means that many receive antennas must be mounted atop masts or nearby trees as an alternative to a rooftop mounting. While current regulations provide a 15 mile protected service area for MMDS, it is desired that effective system coverage for approximately 40-70% of the affected households may be achieved to a 40 mile radius from the transmitter antenna and using relatively low roof-mounted receiving antennae wherever possible.
Besides signal blockage, several other propagation factors can affect reliable UHF service delivery. One factor is multi-path reflections of the desired signal arriving at the receiver by way of differing paths and therefore arriving with slight delay. For analog video signals, multi-path appears as ghost images on the viewer's TV. For digital signals, multi-path can cause intersymbol interference that results in multiple bit errors. In either case, near-coincident multi-path signals can cause a degree of signal cancellation that looks like additional propagation loss. Multi-path also results from reflections and diffraction.
Path fading is another significant coverage factor. Time-variant path fading can result from atmospheric effects, e.g., temperature or pressure inversions. Weather inversions can result in an upward bending of the wave front due to refraction. There are engineering measures to mitigate the troublesome effects of time-variant path fading, such as suitable fade margins and antenna diversity.
In the paging and radio communication fields, various systems of sequencing and simulcasting have been proposed to achieve some increased coverage. Examples of typical proposed systems are illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3. The related systems are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,836,726, issued September 1974 and 5,038,403 issued Aug. 6, 1991. FIG. 2 illustrates a system utilizing sequencing while FIG. 3 illustrates a system utilizing simulcasting. As can be seen, the aim is to cover a maximum area with minimum areas of signal overlap. Even if someone suggested application to UHF Wireless Cable type communications, such propagation fields would still exhibit the above noted problems due to obstructions, multi-path interference and fading.
Clearly an additional need exists for a broadband broadcast system providing increased propagation coverage and reduced areas of blockages for broadcast video services and/or interactive service video signals. Any such system should also provide an increased number of programs, without requiring additional spectrum allocation. The system should provide good signal quality throughout the entire reception area or service area. Accordingly, it is also desirable to minimize multipath interference and loss of service due to fading. |
Este pequeño texto nos enseña cómo llevar a cabo los principios del decrecimiento en nuestra vida diaria y “adoptar la máxima simplicidad que nos resulte práctica”.
Henar y Miguel nos dan unas pinceladas sobre su propia experiencia para que consigamos una vida más feliz. ¿Cómo? A través de la frugalidad.
El simplificar nuestra vida mediante la compra consciente, la reducción de la “infoxicación”, la intoxicación informativa, la simplificación de nuestras relaciones personales o la dependencia del dinero son algunos de las formas que nos sugieren para vivir más tranquilamente y más despacio.
A través de datos objetivos, consejos para la vida diaria y retos, Menos, es el libro perfecto para aquellos que se quieren iniciar en la vida sencilla. |
config BR2_PACKAGE_LUASOCKET
bool "luasocket"
help
LuaSocket is the most comprehensive networking support library
for the Lua language.
It provides easy access to TCP, UDP, DNS, SMTP,
FTP, HTTP, MIME and much more.
http://luaforge.net/projects/luasocket/
|
JSweet Language Specifications
==============================
Version: 2.x (snapshot)
Author : Renaud Pawlak
Author assistant: Louis Grignon
JSweet JavaDoc API: http://www.jsweet.org/core-api-javadoc/
Note: this markdown is automatically generated from the Latex source file. Do not modify directly.
Content
-------
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Signal processing in proteomics.
Computational proteomics applications are often imagined as a pipeline, where information is processed in each stage before it flows to the next one. Independent of the type of application, the first stage invariably consists of obtaining the raw mass spectrometric data from the spectrometer and preparing it for use in the later stages by enhancing the signal of interest while suppressing spurious components. Numerous approaches for preprocessing MS data have been described in the literature. In this chapter, we will describe both, standard techniques originating from classical signal and image processing, and novel computational approaches specifically tailored to the analysis of MS data sets. We will focus on low level signal processing tasks such as baseline reduction, denoising, and feature detection. |
Caran d’Ache Museum Aquarelle Pencil
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Make a splash in your artwork with Caran d'Ache Museum Aquarelle Pencils. These 100% water-soluble pencils remain extremely vibrant dry or wet, thanks to their high pigment density and lightfastness. When brushed with water, the pencil marks melt onto your paper and intensify in color. The soft, buttery pigments are super blendable, so experiment with your two new colors to create different hues and patterns. |
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A divided panel of the Federal Circuit recently affirmed a district court's finding that an international corporation did not submit itself to specific personal jurisdiction in Alabama by sending three letters asserting patent infringement. Avocent Huntsville Corp. v. Aten International Co., No. 2007-1553, 2008 U.S. App. LEXIS 25477 (Fed. Cir. Dec. 16, 2008) involved a declaratory judgment action filed by a Delaware corporation located in Alabama (Avocent Huntsville) against a Taiwanese corporation (Aten International). Both companies are involved in the manufacture and sale of keyboard-video-mouse switches. After Aten International sent three letters seeking to enforce a patent, Avocent Huntsville sought a declaratory judgment of non-infringement in the Northern District of Alabama. The district court granted the defendant's 12(b)(2) motion concluding that Aten International "did not purposefully submit itself to jurisdiction in Alabama by sending the three letters..."
On appeal, the divided panel agreed with the district court's finding that specific jurisdiction was not proper. First, the court easily dismissed of the argument that specific jurisdiction could be established by mere letters asserting patent infringement. Next, the court examined the argument that specific jurisdiction was proper because some of the products subject to the patent were sold within the forum:
In short, a defendant patentee’s mere acts of making, using, offering to sell, selling, or importing products—whether covered by the relevant patent(s) or not—do not, in the jurisdictional sense, relate in any material way to the patent right that is at the center of any declaratory judgment claim for non-infringement, invalidity, and/or unenforceability. Thus, we hold that such sales do not constitute such "other activities" as will support a claim of specific personal jurisdiction over a defendant patentee.
In the twenty-eight page opinion the court provides an excellent overview of its personal jurisdiction jurisprudence in the patent context. The dissenting justice argued that the majority's holding contravenes precedent and ignores all factors related to the relationship among plaintiff, defendant, and the forum. You can read the full opinion here.
The folks at Law.com have reported a new decision of the Seventh Circuit that holds that the grant of federal jurisdiction in CAFA trumps the anti-removal provisions of the Securities Act of 1933. Read their report on the case, or the case itself.
For those of you that utilize the resources at the Federal Rulemaking Website of USCourt.gov, they're in the process of adding "Quick Links" to frequently used Rules Committee records and other information:
Our "Quick Links" are divided into two categories: (1) links relating to the Federal Rules, including current rules and forms in effect, proposed rules amendments that take effect in the future, and comments received on proposed rules amendments; and (2) links relating to the Rules Committees, such as the committee reports, committee minutes, committee agenda materials, and schedule of upcoming committee meetings and hearings.
They're only available for the Bankruptcy Rules at the moment, but there's a little more information about them here.
I have another seemingly heretical proposition - that dispositive procedure is fatally flawed. The Supreme Court has held that a judge can dismiss a case before, during, or after trial if he decides a reasonable jury could not find for the plaintiff. The Court has also held that a judge cannot dismiss a case based on his own view of the sufficiency of the evidence. I contend, however, that judges do exactly that. Judges dismiss cases based simply on their own views of the evidence, not based on how a reasonable jury could view the evidence. This phenomenon can be seen in the decisions dismissing cases. Judges describe how they perceive the evidence, interchangeably use the terminology of reasonable jury, reasonable juror, rational juror, and rational fact-finder among others although very different in meaning, and indeed, disagree among themselves on what the evidence shows. I further argue that the reasonable jury standard involves several layers of legal fiction. Those fictions include the current substitution of a judge's views for a reasonable jury's views, the speculative determination by a judge of whether a reasonable jury could find for the plaintiff, the assumption that disagreement among judges on the sufficiency of the evidence does not show a reasonable jury could find for the plaintiff, and the assumption that disagreement among judges on the sufficiency of the evidence demonstrates unreasonableness on the part of some of the judges. These legal fictions, which underlie the reasonable jury standard, show that the basis of dispositive procedure is fatally flawed. |
Q:
How can I use the output of a wireless mic reciever as a wireless monitor and get audio on both sides of my headphones?
I referred to this Q&A, but I'm still confused:
Stereo and mono cables and jacks? What happens when you cross them?
I have this wireless lav set:
http://www.amazon.com/Sennheiser-EW-112P-G3-A-omni-directional/dp/B002CWQTXG/ref=pd_sxp_grid_pt_0_2
I'm wanting to use the transmitter to transmit an aux from a mixing console and use the receiver to plug my headphones into. I want the mono signal to go to both sides of my headphones (plugging stereo plug into mono jack).
How do I achieve this?
A:
You have a few options,
1) you can buy a 1/8 or 1/4 inch headphone jack and short the L R connections together since (in an unbalanced situation (most regular headphones)) they share a common ground. Keep in mind you will be driving twice the load from the same source which will effect the output.
2) You can buy a headphone amplifier that has a mono input function. Just look around they are out there. If you are talking about the signal from line out of the receiver you will need a headphone amp anyway.
3) You can try and sell/trade the system for a wireless monitoring system designed for this task.
|
Plasma catecholamines and erythrocyte swelling following capture stress in a marine teleost fish.
Plasma concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline were measured at rest from cannulated fish and following net capture. Adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations in capture-stressed fish averaged 36,740 pmol l-1 and 38,860 pmol l-1 respectively, whereas resting values were less than 200 pmol l-1 for both amines. Erythrocyte swelling and raised blood lactate were evident in stressed fish. In vitro effects of 5 mmol l-1 adrenaline on erythrocyte suspensions suggested that the catecholamine had a direct effect on erythrocyte volume. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the oxygen transport properties of the blood. |
Project Hubs / Find out how Forum for the Future is working towards a sustainable future. If you’re interested in creating a digital community page for your project, please contact us at futurescentre@forumforthefuture.org
The various approaches and technologies that might be used to return carbon to the planet’s soils (from no-till agriculture; through compost- and biochar-application; to agro-forestry and innovative livestock rotation practices) also promise a wide range of further benefits – from improved soil health through to better water management, via a significant boost to biodiversity.
Moreover, if we embrace an approach that treats farmers, rural communities and indigenous peoples fairly, and which ensures a living wage, we move into win-win-win territory.
All of which means that regenerative agriculture – agriculture which aims to put more into the environment and society than it takes out – is now near the top of the list of things that society should be exploring and embracing.
Regenerative agriculture takes advantage of soil as a carbon sink, improves soil quality, and produces more nutritious food in ways that make it not only better for the people who consume it, but also for those working to produce it.
Signals of Change:
We are seeing signs of momentum around regenerative agriculture, from funding to legislation to innovation. Here are some of them:
In the US, California has directed $7.5 million towards the Healthy Soils Initiative, which is offering farmers and ranchers grants of up to $50,000 to embark on a series of experiments in carbon farming.
By Diana Donlon A handful of states around the country have begun to recognize the importance of carbon farming as an expedient tool to fight climate change. What's carbon farming? Eric Toensmeier, author of The Carbon Farming Solution , describes it as "a suite of crops and agricultural practices that sequester carbon in the soil and in perennial vegetation like trees."
Finca Luna Nueva is a small-scale farm deploying a mix of regenerative agricultural practices in Costa Rica. It produces a range of spices, vegetables and fruits designed to optimize photosynthesis, draw excess carbon down from the atmosphere, and create carbon-rich topsoil.
Pasturebird, a poultry farming company using a novel way of raising chickens on pasture, has raised a seed extension funding round from angel investors. The new capital will enable the Murrieta, California rotational grazing operation to expand to 100 acres.
A call to action?
There are huge opportunities for businesses, producers and governments to promote regenerative agriculture. Indeed, we would argue that, if we are to deliver on the ambitions as laid out within the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Climate Change Agreement, then a regenerative approach becomes essential.
However, despite all of the activity alluded to above, we have not yet found any significant commitments towards regenerative agriculture among the big corporate brands that have the influence and means to truly make a difference. Progressive corporate brands could make a huge difference to supporting, piloting and scaling promising technologies, through investment and experimentation.
Their reluctance might reflect the reality that many questions remain about the various technologies and approaches that fall under the umbrella of ‘regenerative agriculture’. How effective are they in terms of capturing carbon and providing food? How affordable and scalable are they? How widely can they be applied?
Which is why Forum for the Future would like to see pioneering brands:
Commit to becoming regenerative, even if they don’t yet know what this means in practice. Simply aspiring to be low- or lower-carbon is no longer sufficient.
Support the testing of promising regenerative agriculture options in their supply chains – and share success stories widely.
Work closely with their peers to rapidly roll-out and scale-up the most promising interventions.
Your thoughts
What other signals of change have you seen that suggest that regenerative agriculture is gaining traction? Or, indeed, that it isn’t…
Which techniques, technologies and approaches do you think offer the greatest potential?
Who do we need to work with to get promising solutions tested in the field – and then scaled up?
Forum for the Future is currently exploring the potential to scale up regenerative agricultural practice and will be running workshops over the next few months in New York, London and Mumbai. If you are interested in getting involved, please contact Iain Watt or Mary McCarthy.
@iainjwatt @Forum4theFuture @FuturesCentre Have you paid a visit to https://t.co/iOsbmJ4LsT and connected with the work of @Terra_Genesis promoting systemic multi-capital design solutions? Surely at the forefront here!
@v17us @Forum4theFuture @FuturesCentre @Terra_Genesis Thanks Ben. We're trying to work out how best to persuade/cajole/convince big brands to embrace/support #RegenerativeAgriculture. If we're successful, hopefully more work for @Terra_Genesis! :)
@v17us @Forum4theFuture @FuturesCentre @Terra_Genesis We using core funding (from a variety of foundations) at the moment. But if a project emerges, we would look to our corporate partners (https://t.co/ZryglwXhvB) for funding
First @Danone, now @McDonalds: https://t.co/ieiwGAzNEW. Great to see companies experimenting with #RegenerativeAgriculture. But is that sufficient? How do we move from experiments to transformation? https://t.co/j4pTzsljAi @FuturesCentre @makower @ericbecker350
@iainjwatt @v17us @Forum4theFuture @FuturesCentre It looks like you have a number of shared aims with Terra @Terra_Genesis . Let us know if there is some way we can add value to your work. The more of us that can uplift #regenerativeag the better!
What might the implications of this be? What related articles have you seen?
Encourage a look at the following recent article which, after overblown metaphorical intro, lays out a very simple smart case and framework–including sharp critique of mainstream Drawdown logic–to advocate for large scale grassroots land-based climate solutions through agriculture and permaculture: https://medium.com/@albertbates/acceleration-b652377a596f
There are indeed many activities which can come under the regenerative umbrella. Much depends on where in the world you are. What will work brilliantly in one area will not work well in another.
One major reason things are being held back is that proponents of different actions are still arguing that their way is better. Until they stop arguing and realise they that are all right, and that a wide variety of actions is required, we will not move forward as well as we might. http://www.drawdown.org/ gives a good idea of why all possible actions must be carried out, suiting them to the person, the group, the country and the soil type, as appropriate. |
Q:
$\mathbb Q$-basis of $\mathbb Q(\sqrt[3] 7, \sqrt[5] 3)$.
Can someone explain how I can find such a basis ? I computed that the degree of $[\mathbb Q(\sqrt[3] 7, \sqrt[5] 3):\mathbb Q] = 15$. Does this help ?
A:
Try first to find the degree of the extension over $\mathbb Q$. You know that $\mathbb Q(\sqrt[3]{7})$ and $\mathbb Q(\sqrt[5]{3})$ are subfields with minimal polynomials $x^3 - 7$ and $x^5-3$ which are both Eisenstein.
Therefore those subfields have degree $3$ and $5$ respectively and thus $3$ and $5$ divide $[\mathbb Q(\sqrt[3]7,\sqrt[5]3) : \mathbb Q]$, which means $15$ divides it. But you know that the set $\{ \sqrt[3]7^i \sqrt[5]3^j \, | \, 0 \le i \le 2, 0 \le j \le 4 \}$ spans $\mathbb Q(\sqrt[3]7, \sqrt[5]3)$ as a $\mathbb Q$ vector space. I am letting you fill in the blanks.
Hope that helps,
|
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Nord Lead 4 Synthesizer
Item #:
1367851257567
CGA
Write a Review
One of the leading manufacturers of performance synthesizers has just improved their line even further. The Nord Lead 4 is a subtractive synthesizer with 2 oscillators per voice that incorporates inno... Read More
One of the leading manufacturers of performance synthesizers has just improved their line even further. The Nord Lead 4 is a subtractive synthesizer with 2 oscillators per voice that incorporates innovative performance features, advanced layering and synchronization possibilities, new filter types and incredible on-board effects, making this a synthesizer dream come true.
Oscillator SectionWavetable synthesisThe Nord Lead 4's Oscillator 1 section features a wide selection of wavetables including a unique type called Formant Wavetables with resonant qualities that are independent of pitch. Frequency Modulating the Formant Wavetables can produce some truly magic results with distinctive acoustic qualities.
Oscillator 2 features a Noise generator with a dedicated filter cut-off and resonance.
True UnisonThe true Voice Unison mode lets you stack up to four voices on top of each other per note (including the complete signal path of the Nord Lead 4) for really thick, wide leads and basses.
Hard & Soft SyncHard Sync generates an irregularly shaped waveform resulting in a harsh, dirty effect rich with harmonics, first made famous by the Prophet 5. Soft Sync is a bit smoother, but by no means subtle. The Nord Lead 4 also features Frequency Modulator capabilities for adding spectral complexity and occasionally, nastiness.
LFO and Modulation Section
Nord Lead 4 features two very flexible LFO-sections per slot. A wide selection of LFO-shapes is available from sines and pulses to ramping saws perfect for creating wobbling basses or pulsing pads.
Each LFO can easily be synchronized to the Master Clock and assigned a desired time division. The LFO can be re-triggered manually with an Impulse Morph button or a key. The LFO destinations include a unique option to modulate the FX section.
Modulation EnvelopeNord Lead 4 offers a very capable Modulation Envelope section with an expanded choice of modulation destinations. The Modulation Envelope can also be triggered manually with an Impulse Morph button!
Filter section
The filter section of the Nord Lead 4 features classic 12, 24 and 48 dB Low-Pass, High-Pass and a Band-Pass filters with a dedicated ADSR filter envelope and selectable filter tracking.
Ladder filter emulationsTwo great new additions are the stunning emulations of the diode and transistor ladder filters from the legendary Mini and the TB-303 synthesizers. The emulations capture the dirty, squeaky resonance of the originals and combined with the new unison mode you'll have plenty of opportunities for making fat, squelchy basses and leads.
Filter DriveThe Filter Drive operates separately per voice, distorting the waveform before it passes through the effects sections.
Effect Section
Each of Nord Lead 4's four slots has its own dedicated effects section: FX and Delay/Reverb.
DriveThe overdrive is modelled after a vintage tube amp. Make your lead sound a little "furry" or crank it up for a truly authentic overdrive that distorts increasingly the more signal you shove through it.
CompressorThe compressor effect offers Threshold adjustment and can also be modulated to obtain side-chain effects and more. The Crush, Talk, Comb filter, Compressor and Drive effects can all be manipulated with the Morphs and Impulse Morph performance controls as well as with the LFO or the Modulation Envelope.
Reverb / DelayThe Delay effect has 3 feedback levels, a Dry/Wet control and the Delay tempo can be synchronized to the Master Clock. The Delay features an optional analog mode that behaves like an old school delay when changing the delay tempo on the fly. A great sounding Reverb effect is available when not using the Delay, with dry/wet controls, 3 reverb types and a brightness control for rolling off the treble when desired.
Performance
Impulse MorphThe Impulse buttons are extremely powerful and let you alter your sound instantaneously - brilliant for creating spontaneous, synchronized rhythmic and tonal mayhem. Doubling the LFO rate, changing the oscillator from Saw to Square, enabling Glide, cranking up the resonance and muting the Reverb - all at once - for 2 seconds in the middle of your lead solo is now as easy as 1-2-3. Doing wobbly bass lines and complex choppy pads live, in perfect sync is a breeze! Impulse Morphs are a simple, yet universal concept that offers almost limitless flexibility.
Assigning an Impulse Morph is simple - just hold down an Impulse Morph button and turn the desired knob(s) to the desired new value! Nearly every parameter can be controlled with an Impulse Morph and LED-lights indicate which parameters have been altered. By pressing different combinations of the 3 Impulse Morph buttons up to 7 unique combinations are available, per slot.
Mod Wheel and Velocity MorphThe Morph is a classic Nord feature that lets you control any "knob-type" parameters with the modulation wheel, control pedal or velocity. The possibilities are endless - like changing arpeggiator range or adjusting the sample rate reducting Crush effect with the modulation wheel.
LayeringHaving 4 identical, equally powerful synthesizers at once at your disposal opens breathtaking layering possibilities, both rhythmically and sonically. The Split-mode gives you two 2 slots on each side of the split. A flexible Hold functionality lets you latch and hold slots independently in the background while playing something else on top.
Pitch StickThe unique Pitch Stick can be used for bending notes as well as creating subtle vibrato effects, much like a guitarist or violinist as there is no dead zone in the middle position. The bend range can range from zero to 48 notes up/down and can be unique to each program. It's even possible to have separate bend ranges up and down: -12 or -24 semitones or + 2 semitone.
Chord MemoryThe handy Chord Memory function memorizes combination of notes so you can play a fifth or a chord with one finger, brilliant for leads and quirky themes.
ArpeggiatorThe Nord Lead 4 includes a classic Arpeggiator with Up/Down and Random modes and a 4-octave range. The Arpeggiator can be synced to the LFO and Delay using the Master Clock. A new Poly mode pulses all the notes you're holding as a chord instead of cycling through the individual notes, great for choppy chord stabs when combined with the new Patterns and Impulse Morph buttons. Having four slots means you can have 4 Arpeggios running at the same time!
PatternsThe Pattern feature applies rhythmical figures to the Arpeggiator or the LFO's. A wide selection of patterns are available, ranging from basic building blocks to more complex groove oriented figures.
Master ClockAt the heart of the Nord Lead 4 is the Master Clock controlling the global tempo. The LFO, Arpeggiator and Delay can all be synchronized to the Master Clock. The tempo is easily changed globally with a Tap-tempo button so you can tap in to the beat of your drummer and play intricate rhythmically interlocked parts in perfect sync. The Master Clock can also be slaved to an external MIDI clock. |
Last updated on .From the section European Football
Last month, hundreds of Lazio fans demonstrated in front of the Italian FA offices over recent referee decisions
Bullets have been sent in the post to three key figures at the Italian Referees' Association, according to its president.
Marcello Nicchi said envelopes had been sent to him, the body's vice president Narciso Pisacreta and to referee selector Nicola Rizzoli.
Police are now investigating, he said.
Nicchi also condemned recent comments in which a TV journalist claimed referees had "declared a war against the people".
"There is a journalist who said in a broadcast: 'They have declared war on a people and in war you do not play the whistle, you are shooting. You have to shoot the referees and not allow them to referee,'" he said.
"This is the consequence."
Last month, hundreds of Lazio fans demonstrated in front of the Italian Football Association's headquarters, claiming their team had been the victim of numerous mistakes by officials and the video assistant referee (VAR) this season.
Serie A is among the European competitions where VAR is being trialled.
In England, the system has been used in the FA Cup and at last month's England friendly match against Italy.
In March, Fifa approved the use of VAR at this summer's World Cup in Russia - the first time it will be employed at the tournament. |
Solution structural studies of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TATA binding protein (TBP).
The intrinsic fluorescence of the six tyrosines located within the C-terminal domain of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TATA binding protein (TBP) and the single tryptophan located in the N-terminal domain has been used to separately probe the structural changes associated with each domain upon DNA binding or oligomerization of the protein. The unusually short-wavelength maximum of TBP fluorescence is shown to reflect the unusually high quantum yield of the tyrosine residues in TBP and not to result from unusual tryptophan fluorescence. The anisotropy of the C-terminal tyrosines is very high in monomeric, octameric, and DNA-complexed TBP and comparable to that observed in much larger proteins. The tyrosines have low accessibility to an external fluorescence quencher. The anisotropy of the single tryptophan located within the N-terminal domain of TBP is much lower than that of the tyrosines and is accessible to an external fluorescence quencher. Tyrosine, but not tryptophan, fluorescence is quenched upon TBP-DNA complex formation. Only the tryptophan fluorescence is shifted to longer wavelengths in the protein-DNA complex. In addition, the accessibility of the tryptophan residue to the external quencher and the internal motion of the tryptophan residue increase upon DNA binding by TBP. These results show the following: (i) The structure of the C-terminal domain structure is unchanged upon TBP oligomerization, in contrast to the N-terminal domain [Daugherty, M. A., Brenowitz, M., and Fried, M. G. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 4869-4880]. (ii) The environment of the tyrosine residues within the C-terminal domain of TBP is structurally rigid and unaffected by oligomerization or DNA binding. (iii) The C-terminal domain of TBP is uniformly in close proximity to bound DNA. (iv) While the N-terminal domain unfolds upon DNA binding by TBP, its increased correlation time shows that the overall structure of the protein is more rigid when complexed to DNA. A model that reconciles these results is proposed. |
1979 Manchester City Council election
Elections to Manchester Council were held on Thursday, 3 May 1979, on the same day as the 1979 UK General Election. One third of the council was up for election, with each successful candidate to serve a three-year term of office, expiring in 1982, due to the boundary changes and "all-out" elections due to take place that year. The Labour Party retained overall control of the council.
Election result
After the election, the composition of the council was as follows:
Ward results
Alexandra
Ardwick
Baguley
Barlow Moor
Beswick
Blackley
Bradford
Brooklands
Burnage
Charlestown
Cheetham
Chorlton
Collegiate Church
Crossacres
Crumpsall
Didsbury
Gorton North
Gorton South
Harpurhey
Hulme
Levenshulme
Lightbowne
Lloyd Street
Longsight
Miles Platting
Moss Side
Moston
Newton Heath
Northenden
Old Moat
Rusholme
Withington
Woodhouse Park
References
Manchester
Category:Manchester City Council elections
Category:1970s in Manchester |
Claue shopify theme lot of great features in the development of a month. Now we have all kinds of screens and devices that are beautiful, in response. MailChimp, Contact Form Instagram channel View book, product and color selection and product selection of color-image thumbnail gallery freight videos Instagram store the product categorization. Try demo claue shopify theme. |
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Lane County Success By 6® Initiative, Phase I Evaluation
Status: complete
“The Success By 6 ® purpose is to unite neighborhoods, community leaders, parents, and educators in order to create a climate of success for children age zero to five.” It is a collaborative effort that involves a partnership of private businesses, government, churches, labor, education, and health and human services. The primary goal is to prevent child abuse and neglect, by strengthening families and community support systems. The initiative has five core strategies, 1) creating new community norms, 2) universal parenting education and support, 3) universal screening and family assessment, 4) risk reduction – development of a neighborhood network, and 5) rapid response – a 24/7 “warmline” to provide support and referrals to services. NPC was hired to establish measurable indicators of service utilization and outcomes in each of the core strategies, and determine the data collection and analysis costs for each of the proposed indicators. |
One Week Protein Diet – The 2 Week Diet Review – 2019
What Can It Be? One Week Protein Diet
The 2 Week Diet was created by weight loss expert Brian Flatt. It is a brand new weight loss program that claims to help you eliminate weight quicker than anything you’ve attempted before.The program claims to work by using safe and fast fat burning methods to assist consumers in getting substantial weight loss results in 2 weeks. It claims it can help you lose up to 16 pounds of body fat over 14 days of visiting the diet. Now, I understand what you are thinking,’How can I lose that much from that bit of time?” Well, that’s essentially why the fitness and health industry is being taken by this app by a storm. Men and females throughout the world have always wished to shed weight but it is only recently that that was made possible. Losing 16 lbs in 2 weeks can seem to be an extreme goal when it comes to weight reduction. And it might not be a recommended approach. But the fact is extremely quick in the event was created with the principles that are right weight loss may be achieved. Also, if you have a great deal of fat to lose, an intense diet program might just right for you. The only instance you may really need to worry about the outcome of fast weight loss is that you are using no strategy and lean. The 2 Week Diet incorporates special protocols to promote rapid weight loss and minimize the side effects that may occur from the extreme strategy. So, although the diet is promising radical weight reduction, it is designed to make the procedure safe and healthy. You’re probably somewhat weary. There are all kinds of get fit who-knows-what, pills , magic potions and quickly programs that ultimately strip trust’s industry, and the industry fills. So, I decided to dive be your guinea pig and see whether it’s really as great as everyone claims. Here’s what I found out and more importantly, here’s what you want to understand. One Week Protein Diet
ABOUT THE 2 WEEK DIET PROGRAM
To Be Able to determine the true worth of this 2 Week Diet program, You have to understand that the base. To put it simply, this program targets igniting your metabolism so you burn fat faster, longer, and more challenging . Your body begins to burn calories as energy. That’s not all. The steps in the system will also reduce cellulite, improve muscle, boost your energy levels, improve your cholesterol and give you. But how, you ask? It’s about your diet. There are foods, there are foods. The 2 Week Diet targets the healthy foods that work with your health and fitness goals, as opposed to against them. Things such as almonds avocado , fatty fish, and turkey are just a few of the foods that amp up your metabolism. Other programs set you up and carrots, after the program is done and although you eliminate weight, you simply can’t live or survive a normal life. Therefore, you gain of the weight back. That is inarguably the best thing about the 2 Week Diet. It’s a program that is as flavourful as it’s practical. Therefore, it’s easy to keep after the two weeks and consequently, you continue to lose weight after the 14 days are over. The program does not just focus on meals , which is excellent because as you already know, it is daily diet that is 20% and 80 percent meals. So, the system is broken down into the following components:
· Diet
· Exercise (20-30 minutes a day)
· Willpower, mindset and motivation
Is Bryan Flatt’s 2 Week Diet A Scam?
The 2 Week Diet system author, Brian Flatt, is a Known title in the weight loss market. Brian Flatt is the author of some other weight loss programs that have received lots of feedback. His 3 Week Diet program has been an incredible success. He chose to take on a new venture — and a one at that. As a result, the 2 Week Diet application was made — and just in time for summer! While there are some people who disapprove of these extreme approaches used in Brian’s weight loss programs, there are a high number of customers of the programs who are delighted with the results they got. Remember, a weight reduction diet does not need to be more complicated than it is. Any dietary plan which has a calorie deficit is likely to make weight loss occur. You can take any dietary plan and customize it to suit you and you’re going to lose weight once you maintain the calorie deficit.
What You Get When You Purchase The 2 Week Diet
The Whole 2 Week Diet program is accessed digitally in the official website. No physical items contained. The item is an information product that is made up of elements that are distinct. If you buy the application, you’ll get a step-by-step plan for following through on, and additional information and suggestions you can use to help enhance the system and optimize your weight loss success.
For the Primary program, you will get 3 Pdf ebooks: Diet Handbook, The Launch Handbook, and Task Handbook. On top of that, you’ll get bonus reports. All these are bundled into the single digital product which was made to guide you. The payment system is one of the world’s most trusted, Clickbank. They’re a protected online payment system that’s on the same level as other well-known systems like Paypal and Amazon. In regards to buyers that make the 15, their reputation is very good. That is why I recommend the three Week Diet trying and purchasing for a refund is requested by you, and if it does not work.
Gains
The app is not difficult to learn and understand. After the instructions Can be carried out by anyone easily.
It gives you a step by step strategy to follow. So, you do not need to waste Your time putting pieces together and researching.
Consists of specific protocols to optimize the weight loss process and help You avoid consequences of weight loss.
The 2 Week Diet includes a rising popularity score That’s a good Indication of users’ positive feedback.
Digital product: You can begin in seconds of making the decision to Buy.
A Guarantee covers you in the Event That You decide during that Interval the program isn’t currently working for you.
Disadvantages
The earnings page Includes hype like”fastest diet you will ever use” to Market and market the product. Though this does not influence the validity of the item, some could see this as a lot of hype.
A digital program like this could be complemented well if it’d videos |§ A program if it had videos like this could be complemented well |If it’d videos like this would be complemented § A program |Like this would be complemented if it had videos § A program } included. One Week Protein Diet
RAPID WEIGHT LOSS
This section is actually really interested because most of us give Up on our diets since we do not see results. So, this section talks about why rapid weight loss works and ultimately, why this program was made.
THE TRUTH ABOUT WEIGHT LOSS
Let us get down to the nitty gritty of fat loss. This is a Section of this program since there are so many lies inside the fitness and wellness industry. It’s refreshing to hear the reality. It enables you to understand why you haven’t been losing weight and you can start to eliminate weight.
THE INGREDIENT SECTIONS
The program has several sections ingredients. They are titled; Nutrients, Protein, Fat and Carbohydrates, Fiber, Fruits and Vegetables — The”Miracle Fiber” and Water. This is where you’re going to get a thorough comprehension of exactly what your body needs, what it does not and this applies to your own weight loss. In addition you learn the whole food dietary supplement that the creator uses to observe results and get a discount.
METABOLISM
To Be Able to Comprehend the program, you have to know Metabolism. Don’t skip this section over. It talks about basal metabolism, physical movement and thermic effect of food, as well as the elements that influence metabolism such as genetics, age, gender, etc..
A SURPRISINGLY SIMPLE WAY ANYONE CAN RAPIDLY ACCELERATE WEIGHT LOSS
Secrets, secrets, secrets! This is where you learn the secrets To shedding those pounds. Inarguably the best section in the app. All of the components you need to know are right here.
THE UNDISPUTABLE RULES OF FAT LOSS
The principles taught within this segment to you are important because they Teach you how to keep your weight loss and the best way to continue on this journey that is new. My favourite was the way to control just how much fat I mobilize.
EXERCISE
By creating a daily diet change 14, you’ll achieve a ton of weight loss Exercise is required. It doesn’t have to be both long and extreme and this segment teaches you.
Whew! Say all those 5 times quickly. Like I said, it’s one heck of A guide that is comprehensive. These are my favorite segments; there are more.
You also receive three bonuses that provide more Info!
1. How to Reverse Arthritis Obviously
2. The Calcium Lie Two
3. Discover Why Calcium Does Not Strengthen your Bones
Summary
To have a program that is designed to Assist You shed A lot of weight in two weeks also functions with procedures that are intended to Make the procedure secure, the 2 Week Diet is recommended to anyone who is Interested in losing some pounds. But you can buy it and try it while being shielded using CB’s refund policy. At The end of the day, the only thing you have to lose with this particular program is weight. It is only 14 days out of your life and if you don’t get the results You’re hoping for, you can go for a refund through the 60-day Money Back Guarantee. However, I think you might Discover That the information in this 2 Week Diet is Way. One Week Protein Diet |
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<div class="title">OpenMesh::Subdivider::Uniform::CompositeT< MeshType, RealType >::Coeff Struct Reference<span class="mlabels"><span class="mlabel">abstract</span></span></div> </div>
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<p>Abstract base class for coefficient functions.
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<p><code>#include <<a class="el" href="a04098_source.html">OpenMesh/Tools/Subdivider/Uniform/Composite/CompositeT.hh</a>></code></p>
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Inheritance diagram for OpenMesh::Subdivider::Uniform::CompositeT< MeshType, RealType >::Coeff:</div>
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<div class="textblock"><h3>template<typename MeshType, typename RealType = float><br />
struct OpenMesh::Subdivider::Uniform::CompositeT< MeshType, RealType >::Coeff</h3>
<p>Abstract base class for coefficient functions. </p>
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cc: Hon. William S Potter, District Judge, Family Court Division
James J. Jimmerson, Settlement Judge
Hanratty Law Group
Eighth District Court Clerk
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A Texas report released last week reveals large gaps in healthcare access for Latinos in the state.
“Closing the Health Care Coverage Gap in Texas: A Latino Perspective,” published by the National Council of La Raza (NCLR), reveals that while some Latinos have signed up for coverage under the Affordable Care Act, many simply cannot afford it.
Texas is one of 24 states that opted not to expand Medicaid coverage to younger low-income adults. Another report released earlier this summer by the White House Council of Economic Advisers estimates that as a result of states’ decisions not to expand the program, 1.4 million Americans nationwide have been deprived of a regular source of clinic care.
The Lone Star State, which boasts the second-largest Latino population in the U.S., has around six million uninsured individuals. They make up 24 percent of the state’s population, of which 3.3 million, or half, are Latinos.
According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, almost 600,000 Texas Hispanics fall into a coverage gap where they earn too much to qualify for state Medicaid and too little to afford a plan on the Health Insurance Marketplace (HIP). They represent 60 percent of uninsured Texans who would be eligible to receive coverage under Medicaid expansion.
“It’s time to take a step in the right direction and expand access to care for more Texans; it’s the right thing to do to move Texas forward,” said Ramiro Cavazos, President and CEO of the San Antonio Hispanic Chamber of Commerce in a press release. “Expanding access to health care will help create robust communities, allowing opportunities to reduce incidences of persistent health concerns.”
The report notes that Hispanics are more likely to be faced with the likes of diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and other diseases that require routine treatment. Without preventative care, the likelihood of developing such conditions is far greater.
The brief also estimates that if Texas were to expand Medicaid, they would create 230,000 new jobs and boost the local economy by $67 billion within the 2014-2017 fiscal years. The federal government covers the full cost of Medicaid expansion for its first three years.
The NCLR joined forces with the San Antonio Hispanic Chamber of Commerce to release the report at a press event at Univision’s San Antonio studios last Tuesday. |
Fox has given second season pickups to freshman dramas Lucifer and Rosewood. The two join horror comedy anthology Scream Queens as the three first-year Fox series to secure renewals so far.
Primetime-Panic Your Complete Guide to Pilots and Straight-to-Series orders See All
Still in contention and very much on the bubble are freshman comedies Grandfathered, starring John Stamos, and The Grinder, Rob Lowe, with likely one of them making it to Season 2. Not expected to continue are the other freshmen Fox series, dramas Second Chance and Minority Report and comedies Cooper Barrett’s Guide To Surviving Life and Bordertown.
Of Fox’s returning series, Empire, Gotham, Brooklyn Nine-Nine, Last Man On Earth and Bones have been renewed, with Fox’s animated lineup expected to come back. Of the rest, comedy New Girl had been in talks for a renewal, possibly for two seasons, and drama Sleepy Hollow is very much in contention. Both are owned by Fox.
Lucifer, produced by Warner Bros. TV and Jerry Bruckheimer TV, is based on characters created by Neil Gaiman, Sam Kieth and Mike Dringenberg for DC Entertainment’s Vertigo imprint. Tom Kapinos wrote and executive-produced the pilot and is an executive consultant on the series. It is executive-produced by Bruckheimer, Jonathan Littman, Ildy Modrovich and Joe Henderson. Len Wiseman serves as director and executive producer. Tom Ellis, Lauren German and Kevin Alejandro star.
Rosewood, from Temple Hill and 20th Century Fox TV, was created by Todd Harthan. It is executive-produced by Harthan, Wyck Godfrey and Marty Bowen. Richard Shepard served as director and executive producer on the pilot. Morris Chestnut and Jaina Lee Ortiz star.
“We knew we had something special with Lucifer, from the engaging performances of Tom, Lauren and the rest of the charismatic cast, to Len Wiseman’s visually stunning look of the show and the amazing storytelling savvy of the Bruckheimer team,” said Fox’s David Madden. “With Rosewood, creator Todd Harthan has put a fresh, playful spin on the procedural format, infusing it with wit and warmth, while Morris, Jaina and the show’s gifted supporting cast have turned in fantastic performances.”
Lucifer is averaging 10.5 million total viewers across platforms and is Fox’s second highest-rated new series this season among Adults 18-49. It also ranks No. 5 among new broadcast series this season with Adults 18-49. Rosewood averages 7.8 million total viewers across platforms. |
This list began four weeks ago with 30 players on the Minnesota Vikings 2016 roster. It is now time to reveal the final five players that ranked at the very top of this illustrious countdown.
A big thanks goes out to all of the writers that participated in the creation of this list. Without everyone’s consistent contribution, this series would not have had a chance of being put together.
Before continuing to read, it is recommended to check out parts one, two, and three of this list in order to get a full perspective of how the writers featured in this series feel about the Vikings roster for the upcoming season.
5: Everson Griffen, DE
“The best pass rusher on a team of quite a few good ones.”
Brett Anderson (@brettAnderson87): Griffen’s energy and relentless nature at the edge takes the Vikings’ defensive line to the next level. But he is also an emotional leader and sets the bar for the type of intensity and effort that is expected from his teammates.
Austin Belisle (@austincbelisle): Griffen may not be a household name like Linval Joseph, but he’s Minnesota’s best pass rusher and an underrated edge defender in NFL circles. Another twelve sacks aren’t out of the question in 2016.
Adam Carlson (@MNVikingZombie): With each passing season, Griffen continues to prove that the team made the right call in rewarding him with a starting defensive end job. He has become a reliable player who can be counted on to give 100 percent every play and energize the team, both on the line and on the sidelines. Considering all the talented passing offenses in the NFL, the Vikings will need Griffen at his finest this year.
Austin Erwin (@austin_erwin): Before officially becoming a starter in 2014, Griffen sat and learned behind a future hall of famer in Jared Allen. Griffen has given the Vikings two, double-digit sack seasons in a row and hopes to continue that momentum into the future as Minnesota’s top pass rusher.
Matt Falk (@Matt_Falk): I expect the usual 10 plus sacks from Griffen in 2016 and with the emergence of guys like Danielle Hunter, Eric Kendricks, and Anthony Barr that number could even get into the 14 plus range.
Ted Glover (@purplebuckeye): The Vikings defensive line may be anchored by Linval Joseph, but it’s main havoc creator is Griffen.
Daniel House (@DanielHouseNFL): Everson Griffen is an animal. His speed, physicality, and polished pass rushing moves wreak havoc on opposing offensive tackles. Nobody plays will more passion and grit than Griffen.
“I’m not sure that there is a pass rushing defensive end in the NFL right now that I would rather have.”
Sam Neumann (@NeumSamN): The best pass rusher on a team of quite a few good ones, Griffen is a key cog in the Vikings’ defensive front. He’s done everything he can to justify Spielman’s sizable investment in him.
Adam Patrick (@Str8_Cash_Homey): One has to admire the work that Griffen has put in to become the type of player he is today. His relentlessness to rush the opposing team’s quarterback has led him to registering the second most total sacks (22.5) in the last two seasons among NFL defensive linemen.
Jordan Reid (@JReidDraftScout): Many fans were skeptical of the talented defensive end when the Vikings signed him to a five-year, $42.5 million extension in 2014. Since then, Griffen has far exceeded his expectations as he continued his steady production last season with 10.5 sacks. Making his first Pro-Bowl last season, he will continue to play at a high level in 2016.
BJ Reidell: (@RobertReidellBT): When will Everson Griffen receive the respect he has rightfully earned? He is a dominant pass-rusher off the edge and is quietly outstanding at containing running backs in run defense.
Eric Thompson (@eric_j_thompson): Griff has hit double-digit sacks for the past two seasons, but that only tells part of the story of how he can terrorize opposing offenses. He’s always near the top of the league in any metric that measures total pressure and getting much better against the run too. It’s going to be fun to see another season of Griffen unleashed on the league in his prime.
Adam Warwas (@vikingterritory): Don’t you love it when succession plans actually work out? Griffen’s maturity has improved greatly, taking some of the early concerns about him out of the narrative completely, and he has blossomed on the field. I’m not sure that there is a pass rushing defensive end in the NFL right now that I would rather have.
4: Adrian Peterson, RB
“Arguably the greatest player in franchise history.”
Anderson: Despite his shortcomings, Peterson is still be best running back in the NFL. Behind a [hopefully] improved offensive line and very likely a similar amount of carries to last season, I expect his year in 2016 to be at least as good as last, if not slightly better.
Belisle: Despite his age, Peterson remains Minnesota’s most dangerous offensive weapon. Even if his load is lightened in 2016, he’ll produce yards and points for the Vikings.
Carlson: Despite leading the league in rushing yards and tying for the lead in rushing touchdowns last season, it was a moderately disappointing year for the star running back. Too often Peterson was stuffed at or before the line of scrimmage. While much of that may be attributed to the offensive line health and play-calling, for what the Vikings have invested in Adrian, the team needs to see more.
Erwin: Perhaps one of the greatest overall players in NFL history regardless of position. Peterson has been everything to the Vikings organization since stepping foot in Minnesota. He hopes to end his career with the Vikings as a Super Bowl champion.
Falk: While the Vikings have added some important offensive weapons over the past few years, AP is still, and rightfully so, the focal point of this teams offense. If the Vikings can manage to make a run this year it will continue to be on number 28’s back.
Glover: The offense runs through him, plain and simple, and it will until he is no longer on the team. So in many respects, how Adrian Peterson goes determines how the offense, as a whole, goes.
House: Adrian Peterson returned to the field and proved he is still one of best running backs to don a purple and gold jersey. Peterson runs with the same ferocious power and precise cuts we are accustomed to. This year, he needs to improve his ball security as it was a big problem last year.
“Peterson is undeniably the best pure rusher of his generation.”
Neumann: Don’t tell me the age—until proven otherwise, Adrian Peterson is the best running back in the NFL. I’m as wary of the post-30 running back collapse as anyone, but Peterson has earned the benefit of the doubt at this stage of his career. Even if he were to retire after 2016, he would be a first-ballot Hall of Famer.
Patrick: Just when Peterson starts to hear his doubters get louder, he goes ahead and leads the league in rushing. The 2016 season could see his performance regress, but then again, he would also surprise no one if he wound up as the league’s rushing leader at the end of next season.
Reid: Arguably the greatest player in franchise history, Peterson put father time on halt in 2015. Being such a huge percentage of the Vikings offense last season and the improvements along the franchises offensive line, look for the future hall of famer to have another huge season in 2016.
Reidell: Even at 31 years old, Adrian Peterson remains arguably the best running back in the league. He likely will never be a plus blocker or pass-catcher, but Peterson is undeniably the best pure rusher of his generation.
Thompson: It’s crazy to think that one of the best football players ever to wear a Vikings uniform still has room for improvement entering his 10th NFL season. But if AP wants to remain the bell cow of this offense, he needs to get better in the passing game with both blocking and receiving. His body is still in tip-top shape at age 31 (I’m fairly certain he’s part cyborg). He just needs to make up his mind to contribute to all facets of the offense. If the (relatively) old dog can indeed learn new tricks, watch out.
Warwas: Peterson’s grip on the title of “Offensive Centerpiece” is loosened just a little bit every time Teddy Bridgewater shows improvement and every time Jerick McKinnon turns on the jets. For now, however, the long-time Viking remains a more-than-legitimate threat that opposing defenses need to account for and I wouldn’t advise any fantasy football players to underestimate what he is capable of in 2016 if the offensive line really is improved.
3. Anthony Barr, LB
“The perfect weapon for Mike Zimmer’s defense.”
Anderson: Though I don’t think he’s the best player on the Vikings’ defense (yet), Barr may be the most important. His versatility is incredibly critical to the type of defense Mike Zimmer wants to run. When he’s healthy and on the field, he’s a complete game changer.
Belisle: The converted defensive end is a rare animal; he covers, defends the run, and blitzes with the elite linebackers. Only three years in, and Barr is already one of, if not the best outside linebackers in the NFL.
Carlson: Barr should simply have his position changed to “Mike Zimmer’s Toy”. A defensive mind like Zimmer has found multiple uses for the young, athletic man, using him to keep opposing offenses on their toes. Barr should continue to baffle defenses and impress with his speed and athleticism, but will also need to balance that ability with discipline.
Erwin: One phrase to describe Anthony Barr would be a “game changer”. He’s a high valued asset in Mike Zimmer’s defensive game plan. If you need him to cover, Barr has the speed to do it. But he makes his money filling running lanes and getting after the quarterback. He is a true defensive playmaker in the NFL.
Falk: Barr is one of the most dynamic players the Vikings have on their entire roster. He has proven he can do pretty much anything on the defensive side of the ball, many expect this to be his breakout year, myself included.
Glover: Barr, one of two first round picks in 2014, is a guy that’s quickly become one of the best defensive players on a fast and aggressive defense.
House: Anthony Barr has become one of the best 4-3 outside linebackers in the NFL. His athleticism, instincts, and football IQ, allow Mike Zimmer and the coaching staff to set him free. He can rush off the edge, drop into coverage, or run a stunt that confuses the opposing quarterback.
“Barr is everything that you want in an NFL linebacker.”
Neumann: After only two seasons, Barr has developed into one of the best all-around linebackers in the game. He has proven he is much more than an edge-rusher, and will be given as much responsibility as anyone else on the defense.
Patrick: Arguably the most important player on the Vikings entire roster, Barr has only reached the tip of the iceberg on his full potential in the NFL. If he can manage to stay on the field for an entire season, there is no doubt that he should be among the top candidates for Defensive Player of the Year in 2016.
Reid: Stud. That’s the only word to describe the Pro-Bowl linebacker. Barr is everything that you want in an NFL linebacker. His combination of size, speed, length and toughness is what makes him a special player.
Reidell: There are few linebackers in the league today that are as well-rounded as Anthony Barr. He is an outstanding pass-rusher and excellent in coverage as well. He is the perfect weapon for Mike Zimmer’s defense and the heart of his Double A-Gap blitz.
Thompson: Admit it. You were kinda bummed when the Vikings took him 9th overall in the 2014 draft. But Barr has quickly silenced all doubters with his amazing combination of instincts, athleticism, and work rate. If you built a linebacker suited for Mike Zimmer’s defense in a lab, Barr would be the result. And he’s only entering his third year! The sky is the limit for Barr as he could be topping this list before long.
Warwas: Used as a wild card within Mike Zimmer’s defense, Barr has proven to be one of the league’s most promising young defenders and, if he stays healthy, looks to crack into the elite echelon as he enters his prime. With a dangerous combination of range and power, Barr has the potential to be a turnover machine with a supporting cast around him that is solidifying and constantly improving.
2. Linval Joseph, DT
“Simply the best defensive tackle in the NFL last year.”
Anderson: If Joseph can stay healthy this upcoming season, he could become a household name for non-Vikings fans and a Pat Williams-esque legend for Vikings fans. He simply cannot be contained.
Belisle: Joseph may be Rick Spielman’s greatest free agent signing. He’s quickly gone from sleeper to household name with his elite play at defensive tackle.
Carlson: Linval is an absolute monster. When healthy, he can disrupt the passing game as well as clog up the interior of the line. Minnesota will need him if they want to make a better run at the postseason during the 2016 season, as he may be the single most valuable player on an otherwise young and talented defense.
Erwin: Linval Joseph was maybe one of the most dominant run stoppers in 2015 when healthy. The opposition were occasionally forced to put two or even three blockers on him. Joseph anchors the defensive front. The Vikings need him to make life easier on the infantry behind him.
Falk: The big key for Joseph is staying healthy. If he can manage to stay on the field he will be one of the best big men in the NFC. Teaming up with Floyd in the middle gives the Vikings one of the best tackle duos in the league.
Glover: Joseph was simply the best defensive tackle in the NFL last year, and when Joseph missed games due to injury, the defense went from elite to mortal, with stretches of frightening mediocrity.
House: One could argue Linval Joseph is the most valuable interior defensive lineman in all of football. He simply took over games and became one of the vital aspects of the Vikings physical defensive front. If he can stay healthy, he will continue to be an All-Pro level defensive tackle in the league.
“The big guy is an absolute menace in the middle and should turn in another All-Pro-level season in 2016.”
Neumann: Happy to see him ranked this high, as I think it’s an accurate reflection of his impact on the Vikings’ defense. A dominant force in the middle of the defensive line is essential to be a top defense, and Joseph fits the bill.
Patrick: What a difference a season makes. If it was not for 2015, Minnesota might be regretting bringing in Joseph as a free-agent two years ago. But after establishing himself as an immovable force in the middle of the Vikings defense last season, regretful is the very last word anyone in Minnesota would use to describe how they feel having Joseph on the team’s roster.
Reid: One of the most under-rated players in the entire NFL, Joseph proved that his presence is vital in the middle of Mike Zimmer’s defensive front. Joseph fought injuries last season and still played at a high level. I expect that to continue next season.
Reidell: One of the most underrated players in the league today, Linval Joseph is the definition of a clogger. The entire Vikings defense is better when he is on the field.
Thompson: To paraphrase the Dos Equis “Most Interesting Man in the World” meme: Rick Spielman doesn’t always spend in free agency. But when he does, he gets guys like Linval Joseph. What a steal the former Giant has been at just over $6 million a year. The big guy is an absolute menace in the middle and should turn in another All-Pro-level season in 2016.
Warwas: This run-stuffing monster is capable of causing plenty of problems for opposing quarterbacks, which makes Joseph’s talents as rare as they are effective. This defense lost some punch when he was sidelined and so the hope is that he is healthy enough in 2016 to do his damage week in and week out. Joseph makes an already stellar defensive line so much better, and that is a fact.
1. Harrison Smith, S
“No words can do proper justice of what Smith means to the entire team.”
Anderson: Smith was arguably the best safety in 2015. This upcoming season, I’d wager he further sets him self apart from competitors and solidifies his status of the NFL’s best.
Belisle: Arguably the league’s best safety (yes, not just free safety), Smith is the key piece in Mike Zimmer’s defensive puzzle. He does it all for the Vikings and is paid in fitting fashion.
Carlson: The stress is off Smith to earn a big payday, but now he will have to prove that he’s worth the money. After becoming one of the most reliable parts of the team’s defense, Smith will need to be more of a leader in the secondary and prove that his body can withstand a full NFL season.
Erwin: Recently earning himself a new contract, Harrison Smith is ready to become the heartbeat of the Vikings’ defense. No words can do proper justice of what Smith means to the entire team. He will be a key contributor en route to a Super Bowl run.
Falk: Smith might be one of the best defenders the Vikings have had in their secondary over the past 20 years. At only 27 years of age he seems to be getting only better. Look for him to take yet another leap forward in 2016 to becoming the best safety in the NFL.
Glover: He’s the best safety in football, period. He’s as important to the success of the defense as much as Teddy will be for the offense.
House: There is no player more valuable to the Vikings defense than Harrison Smith. His hard-hitting presence, relentless personality, and ball-hawking skills make him one of the best safeties in the game.
“No doubt he deserves recognition as a top player on this roster and there is no doubt he has some incredibly high expectations moving forward.”
Neumann: Smith may indeed be the best player on the Vikings’ roster at this point. Whether or not that makes him the “top” Viking is more a discussion of semantics. Harrison Smith is (debatably) the best safety in the NFL, and in the upper echelon of all defensive players. He doesn’t yet impact games the way Ed Reed or Troy Polamalu did in their primes, and if he can make that leap, he’ll vault himself from Pro Bowler to probably Hall of Famer.
Patrick: Somehow, yes somehow, Smith has managed to improve as a player in each of his four NFL seasons. With Mike Zimmer passing on his defensive knowledge to the young safety, the sky is most definitely the limit for Smith and the remainder of his pro football career.
Reid: Without question the best player on the Vikings defense, Harrison Smith is a special player. His versatility playing the safety spot is what makes him very good. Look for Smith to prove that he was worth every penny of the five-year, $51.25 million extension he signed last month.
Reidell: Harrison Smith can play both man and zone coverage, play inside the box and make one-on-one tackles. What more do you want from a safety in the NFL today?
Thompson: When Smith got the contract extension that made him the highest paid safety in the NFL, most football fans reacted with surprise. Most Vikings fans just said, “Yep, sounds about right.” Smith is the most important cog of the defensive machine that Mike Zimmer is building in Minnesota, which is why he gets my vote for the top spot.
Warwas: “Deuces Wild” (trademarked) is clearly one of the best draft selections that Rick Spielman has on his resume, Smith has been everything you want in your safety short of having self-cloning abilities. Great NFL safeties hit hard, which means they generally wear down quicker than many other positions, and it would behoove the Vikings to make a serious effort at finding him a talented running mate while the window is open throughout his second contract. No doubt he deserves recognition as a top player on this roster and there is no doubt he has some incredibly high expectations moving forward.
All images courtesy of Vikings.com |
A fluorescent sensor for highly selective detection of nitroaromatic explosives based on a 2D, extremely stable, metal-organic framework.
A 2D, extremely stable, metal-organic framework (MOF), NENU-503, was successfully constructed. It displays highly selective and recyclable properties in detection of nitroaromatic explosives as a fluorescent sensor. This is the first MOF that can distinguish between nitroaromatic molecules with different numbers of NO2 groups. |
Q:
mysql left join, how to write such query?
I have
first:
select url from urls where site = '$value' order by url
second:
select id, widget_name from widgets where display_urls LIKE 'urls.url' and is_father=1 order by id
Third:
select id, widget_name from widgets where display_urls RLIKE 'urls.url' and is_father=0 order by id
Fourth:
select id, widget_name, father_widget from widgets where father_widget = 'widgets.id' order by id
The fourth query must only take widgets.id from second query
the second and third queries take the value of urls.url from the first query
how to write all those in one mysql query using left join ?
Thanks in advance for your answers :)
A:
SELECT w.id, w.widget_name, c.*
FROM urls
JOIN widgets w
ON w.display_urls LIKE urls.url
OR w.display_urls RLIKE urls.url
LEFT JOIN
widgets с
ON c.father_widget = w.id
AND w.display_urls LIKE urls.url
AND w.display_urls NOT RLIKE urls.url
WHERE site = $value
ORDER BY
url
This will select children only for those widgets that are LIKE but nor RLIKE the corresponding url.
|
Gotham Independent Film Awards 2007
The 17th Annual Gotham Independent Film Awards, presented by the Independent Filmmaker Project, were held on November 27, 2007 and were hosted by Sarah Jones. The nominees were announced on October 22, 2007.
Winners and nominees
Best Feature
Into the Wild
Great World of Sound
I'm Not There
Margot at the Wedding
The Namesake
Best Documentary
Sicko
The Devil Came on Horseback
Man from Plains
My Kid Could Paint That
Taxi to the Dark Side
Best Ensemble Performance
Before the Devil Knows You're Dead (TIE) Talk to Me (TIE) The Last Winter
Margot at the Wedding
The Savages
Breakthrough ActorEllen Page – Juno
Emile Hirsch – Into the Wild
Kene Holliday – Great World of Sound
Jess Weixler – Teeth
Luisa Williams – Day Night Day Night
Breakthrough Director
Craig Zobel – Great World of Sound
Lee Isaac Chung – Munyurangabo
Stephane Gauger – Owl and the Sparrow
Julia Loktev – Day Night Day Night
David Von Ancken – Seraphim Falls
Best Film Not Playing at a Theater Near You
Frownland
August the First
Loren Cass
Mississippi Chicken
Off the Grid: Life on the Mesa
Gotham Tributes
Javier Bardem
Michael Bloomberg
Roger Ebert
Mark Friedberg
Mira Nair
Jonathan Sehring
References
External links
2007
Category:2007 film awards |
Stand with the US Bishops against the HHS
Learn Latin
A Message from Pope John Paul II
"To be actively pro-life is to contribute to the renewal of society through the promotion of the common good. It is impossible to further the common good without acknowledging and defending the right to life, upon which all the other inalienable rights of individuals are founded and from which they develop." ~ Pope John Paul II, The Gospel of Life, n.101
Everything is grace, everything is the direct effect of our Father's love.Everything is grace because everything is God's gift.Whatever be the character of life or its unexpected events -- to the heart that loves, all is well.
What They're Saying About Catholic Fire
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Amazing Catechists and Catholic Mom Puppet Show Ministry
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"When I read your blog, I just want to comment on everything, your insights are just so on-key!" Leticia, Causa Nostrae Laetitiae and Cause of Our Joy.
"I enjoy your blog every day. It is the best Catholic blog out there. Thank you so much for all the work you put into it!"
Ellen Gable, author, "Emily's Hope"
"I love the zeal Jean puts into her posts, especially when it comes to the prolife movement." Esther, A Catholic Mom in Hawaii.
"Jean of Catholic Fire...provides so much informative content. She posts about pro-life issues and events, what happened 'on this day', biographies of saints, prayer intentions, and lots more each day. No matter what she's posting about, I can always come away each day feeling uplifted...and that's saying a lot for me, as I'm someone who often tries to avoid thinking about some of the political and other issues that she posts about. It must be her strong faith and trust in God, as well as her love, shining through her posts, that inspire me." Margaret Mary Myers , Reflections, Catholic BVI Readers, VIP Homeschooler.
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Credits
Wednesday, December 12, 2012
Five centuries ago, in the country now known as Mexico, senseless human sacrifices were performed. Between 20,000 and 50,000 human beings were murdered a year in the Aztec empire. Most of them were slaves and included men, as well as women, and children. An early Mexican historian estimated that one out of every five children in Mexico was sacrificed to the gods.
The climax of these ritualistic killings came in 1487 when a new temple (ornately decorated with snakes) was dedicated in what is now modern day Mexico City. In a single ceremony that lasted four days and four nights, accompanied by the constant beating of giant drums made of snakeskin, the Aztec ruler and demon worshiper Tlacaellel presided over the sacrifice of more than 80,000 men.
It was Our Lady of Guadalupe who crushed the head of the wicked serpent in 1531. For, it was then that she appeared to a poor, humble, uneducated man, Juan Diego. In bare feet, he walked every Saturday and Sunday to church, departing before dawn, to be on time for Mass and religious instruction.
On December 9, 1531, when Juan Diego was on his way to morning Mass, the Blessed Mother appeared to him on Tepeyac Hill, the outskirts of what is now Mexico City. She asked him to go to the Bishop and to request in her name that a shrine be built at Tepeyac, where she promised to pour out her grace upon those who invoked her. The Bishop, who did not believe Juan Diego, asked for a sign to prove that the apparition was true.
On December 12, Juan Diego returned to Tepeyac. Here, the Blessed Mother told him to climb the hill and to pick the roses that he would find in bloom. He obeyed, and although it was winter, he found the roses in bloom. He gathered the roses and took them to Our Lady, who carefully placed them in his tilma (a type of poncho) and told him to take them to the Bishop as "proof". When he opened his mantle, the roses fell to the ground and there remained impressed, in place of the flowers, a beautiful image of the Blessed Mother as she appeared at Tepeyac.
Today this image is still preserved on Juan Diego's tilma, which hangs over the main altar in the basilica at the foot of Tepeyac Hill. In the image, Our Lady is pregnant, carrying the Son of God in her womb. Her head is bowed in homage and in humble obedience to God.
When asked who the lady was, Juan Diego replied in his Aztec dialect, "Te Coatlaxopeuh," which means "she who crushes the stone serpent." His answer recalls Gen. 3:15 and the depiction of Mary as the Immaculate Conception, her heel on the serpent's head.
As a result of that image, 9 million Aztecs were converted to Christianity and the human sacrifices were abolished. The image converted their hearts to the one, true God and drew them out of the darkness of despair into the light of hope.
Today, the ancient serpent is slithering around the globe, making big hits in its attack upon human life. Millions of unborn children are murdered every year around the world, in procedures that in many countries are not only legal but also officially supported and financed.
However, we can be confident that The Woman clothed with the sun, in the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe, Protectress of the Unborn, will crush the head of the serpent today. Just as she affectionately referred to Juan Diego as “Juanito” – “her little one” – she calls us to also make ourselves her little ones – her children – and to put our trust in her As Fr. Marie - Dominique Philippe, Founder of the Community of St. John tells us, “[On] the feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe it is truly Mary who shows her presence. This enables us to understand that in our Christian life, Christ's presence and Mary's presence are primary and come before any spoken words. A mother is a silent presence, a presence that will help her children sleep peacefully, trustingly...a presence of love, of warmth for the heart, so that we might truly be in her hands, asking her to carry us and to teach us this evangelical way of littleness, which will allow us to obey just as a child obeys his mother.”
Today Our Mother encourages us with us the same words she spoke to Juan Diego: "Hear and let it penetrate your hearts, my dear little ones. Let nothing discourage you, nothing depress you; let nothing alter your heart or your countenance. Do not fear vexation, anxiety or pain. Am I not here, your Mother? Are you not in the folds of my mantle, in the crossing of my arms? Is there anything else that you need?"
Our Lady of Guadalupe is patron of the unborn, the Americas, and Mexico. |
I am completely secure in the fact that I read all four books in the Twilight series about five times each. Each showed me something new about myself.
Purple eyeshadow. All day, everyday.
Making true and lasting friendships is a process, but entirely worth the pain of dealing with the fake ones.
I realize now that my anxiety has little to do with my professional life, and a lot to do with my personal life.
Hulu is one of the greatest inventions.
It’s okay not to trust everyone.
Being in debt isn’t the end of the world. Everyone I know has some sort of debt, and mine isn’t the worst by FAR, so I need to chill out and breathe.
I was always meant to live in Washington.
Bars that serve goldfish crackers are ALWAYS okay.
Life is too short to work in a shitty job that you’re not proud of.
Monday mornings will always suck. Unless you don’t work or attend school.
Morning coffee is vital.
Having a college education doesn’t always mean you’re more qualified.
Starburst Fruit Chews spell D E L I C I O U S.
Being drunk doesn’t mean being crazy.
Finding the peace and calm you so desperately deserve might take awhile, but it will happen.
Postsecret.com was the best gift I was ever given. Years into it, thank you.
Not everyone can rock short hair:)
People who “copy” other people aren’t pathetic. They’re lost.
True love is amazingly patient and calm.
In the David Bowe song “Fame”, he is actually saying “Fame” and NOT “babe”. Yep, from the time I was five until now, I totally thought he was saying “babe”….and I AM NOT ASHAMED OF THAT!
My cat is so wonderful. Living alone is easier with him.
It’s healthy to hold out for that “perfect” job.
Hailing a cab is EASY.
Sleeping in on a Sunday is overrated, but jammin’ in your jammies until one o’clock in the afternoon isn’t.
HGTV is the best way to spend a weekend morning.
You don’t count as a “photographer” if you edit your photos using Photobucket.
Going to Target on payday is so awesome.
March Madness is REALLY madness:)
You don’t have to look for the best in everyone, it’s just not worth it sometimes.
Girlfriends are a HUGE part of my life. Without them, I would be lost.
3 minute loading zones in downtown Seattle don’t mean much:)
Barcelona (the band) saved me in a time of need.
I LOVE Portland. I could definitely live there someday.
My little brother is one of my favorite people in the entire world. He gets me, and I get him.
On that same note, my older sister is the love of my life. Without her around to keep me grounded, I might have flown up and away by now:)
I don’t need a guy to make me feel important and needed. I can be (and have been) happy and fulfilled completely on my own.
I grew up without all the “mother/daughter” moments, and I am strong/extremely independent/not missing anything. My dad was the best influence, and not having a mother around didn’t make me someone I can’t look in the mirror everyday.
I am a lot nicer than I used to be.
Saving money isn’t hard:)
My Coldplay station on Pandora is the greatest thing.
I was recently asked what my biggest accomplishment has been, and I shocked myself when I said “leaving Tennessee to make it on my own”.
People change, but I don’t have to.
I can definitely keep it classy:)
A career in Marketing, Advertising and Design is what I want. It feels good to know that.
You can’t wait for things that don’t wait for you.
FERRYBOATS!
Maybelline’s gel eyeliner is AMAZING.
There IS something to be said about looking before you leap.
Relationships with my girl friends are so much more vital to my well being than having a boyfriend.
I’m a grown up. “Wait, what happen?”
I never knew that an “old lady” couch would/could make me so happy!
As soon as I started getting what I really wanted, I stopped wanting to shout things from the rooftops. I don’t need to share the most amazing things in an effort to convince everyone how happy I am or how “good” I have it. The very best things are now all mine, and they’re closer to my heart than they are to my blog. Period.
I still love to blog though:) I hope that never changes.
I love to hear the stories of other people. What they did today, who they like and don’t like, what’s happening in their life. I can’t get enough, and it’s not because I’m nosy, I am genuinely interested in people.
Leaving what’s “comfortable” is scary. Not leaving what’s comfortable is even scarier.
I LOVE writing cards. Thank you cards, Thinking of You cards….Hallmark is the greatest place.
Airports are awesome.
It’s good to be scared and second guess yourself. It makes succeeding that much sweeter.
It IS possible to have ONE job and feel completely useful and fulfilled, and that’s something I never thought I would say.
Breakfast is absolutely the most important meal of the day.
Always wash your hands after using the bathroom, you never know who’s paying attention.
Cutting my own hair is extremely satisfying:)
Filling up my gas tank at the beginning of the week will get me though the ENTIRE week…and save me money:) Yeah, I just learned that.
Mid-week dinners in Queen Anne with my friends is extremely awesome.
It’s okay to ask for help.
I really miss my cat when I’m not at home for a few days.
I really really love to paint.
I’m a workaholic.
At the risk of sounding disgusting, peeling sunburn skin is so damn satisfying.
The oil spill has reached Destin, FL. And that’s really sad to me because that’s where I learned to parasail for the first time, ate at Joe’s Crabshack for the first time, and learned to LOVE spinach pizza and late night card games.
I wish more people blogged. Genuine writing.
I do not have an accountant’s brain.
If we could figure out how to get people as excited about saving our planet as they are about the World Cup, we would be so far ahead of the game.
That being said, go ‘merica!
Someone in the office just said “I don’t wanna be the gingerbread white boy from Seattle”…and that is so damn funny to me.
My sister got a job, six months after graduating. I shocked myself by how proud I was.
The truth always finds a way to make itself known.
People CAN hate each other at one time, and still be friends later.
New carpet smells awesome.
House Hunters is the best show.
Girl roomies trump boy roomies. For now:)
It’s amazing how much love the heart can hold.
My dad is proud of me.
Time really does fly when you’re having fun!
Dancing to Passion Pit is ridiculous amounts of AWESOME.
I am very good at my job.
I now think in terms of “wow, I can totally add this to my resume.”
Dave Matthews Band fills my heart up and overflows it.
Hanging out in my living room and talking to my roommate about nothing is extremely awesome.
Twitter is more fun than Facebook.
I’m not afraid of the future anymore.
I am a complete workaholic. Did I already say this?
My cat is a total reincarnation of a sassy prince. Emperor’s New Groove style:)
I really love baking.
Always do what YOU want. Always.
Measuring yourself against other people is never fair to you…or them.
Some burns take awhile to heal, and maybe they never fully will, but that’s okay.
I read everything on your list, I love your writing and your perspective on life, people, the world and most importantly, yourself. I wish I had your talent…….and you already know your Father is EXTREMELY proud of you, oh so much. |
Q:
Use statement For to write in a Tuple
I use this code to send midi sysEx. It s perfect for sending "fix" data but now i need to send data with different size.
var midiPacket:MIDIPacket = MIDIPacket()
midiPacket.length = 6
midiPacket.data.0 = data[0]
midiPacket.data.1 = data[1]
midiPacket.data.2 = data[2]
midiPacket.data.3 = data[3]
midiPacket.data.4 = data[4]
midiPacket.data.5 = data[5]
//...
//MIDISend...
Now imagine i have a String name "TROLL" but the name can change.
I need something like this :
var name:String = "TOTO"
var nameSplit = name.components(separatedBy: "")
var size:Int = name.count
midiPacket.length = UInt16(size)
for i in 0...size{
midiPacket.data.i = nameSplit[i]
}
//...
//MIDISend...
But this code don t work because i can t use "i" like this with a tuple.
If someone knows how to do that.
Thanks in advance.
KasaiJo
A:
C arrays are imported to Swift as tuples. But the Swift compiler
preserves the memory layout of imported C structures (source), therefore you can rebind a pointer to the tuple
to an pointer to UInt8:
withUnsafeMutablePointer(to: &midiPacket.data) {
$0.withMemoryRebound(to: UInt8.self, capacity: MemoryLayout.size(ofValue: midiPacket.data)) {
dataPtr in // `dataPtr` is an `UnsafeMutablePointer<UInt8>`
for i in 0..<size {
dataPtr[i] = ...
}
}
}
|
Every great city with a robust economy in the US has at least one excellent university. Our City should partner and coordinate with our higher education institutions wherever possible.
Our community colleges, colleges and universities are a key part of our city, educating our next generation, providing research, partnering with schools, partnering with our community and attracting talent from outside of Portland. Higher education helps us to look outside of our comfort zone, to think about possibilities we might not have imagined before. They can inspire us. They can improve business competitiveness.
Our community colleges are also incredibly important to help educate Portlanders of many ages and increase the quality and expertise of our city's workforce.
The idea for my campaign started at the University of Oregon, Portland. On November 11, I was asked to be on a panel with several others to talk with students about their plans for the Portland Downtown Waterfront. I had made a comprehensive plan in 2004 for the area to activate the area and enliven downtown. Someone complimented me on my plan, but I wasn't happy at all about where we were. I had a plan for hundreds of housing units on the waterfront, and the only housing units to date were cardboard boxes or tents under the Burnside and Morrison Bridges. So, I was asked by students what it would take to bring housing to downtown and the waterfront by the students. I described two ideas that would make housing probably happen. As I spoke, I realized that City Hall/PDC had lacked the follow through and negotiating skills to make our project see success. A student in the back row all of a sudden yelled at me, "you should run for mayor, you'd have 40 votes in this room."
I have done many projects for Portland State University, OHSU and the University of Oregon. Some projects at PSU tied to partnerships with Oregon businesses. I have also been on panels and juries at both PSU and U of O. |
In pursuit of higher integration of circuit of semiconductor element or the like, or recording density, there is a need for finer processing technique. Photolithographic process based on light exposure, as this sort of fine processing technique, can deal with fine processing in a large area at a time, but the resolution cannot be shorter than the wavelength of light. For this reason, recent photolithographic technique employs shorter wavelength including 193 nm (ArF), 157 nm (F2), 13.5 nm (EUV). Shortened wavelength of light, however, restricts substances which allow the light to transmit therethrough, and this limits formation of the fine pattern.
On the other hand, according to methods such as electron beam lithography and focused ion beam lithography, fine pattern may be formed, where the resolution does not depend on the wavelength of light. The methods however suffer from poor throughput.
Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2 describe methods of forming fine patterns using photo-curable composition for imprints which contain isobornyl acrylate (IBXA).
Patent Literature 3 and Patent Literature 4 describe methods of forming fine patterns using photo-curable composition for imprints which contain fluorine-containing compounds and gas generating agents.
Patent Literature 5 describes a method of improving the viscosity of a photo-curable composition for imprints. |
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<html:options collection="types" labelProperty="key" property="value" />
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value="${powerAddress}" styleClass="form-control"
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<bean:message key="kickstart.powermanagement.jsp.power_username" />
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<div class="col-md-6">
<html:text property="powerUsername" name="powerUsername"
value="${powerUsername}" styleClass="form-control"
/>
<p class="small-text">
<bean:message key="provisioning.powermanagement.username_note" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-md-3 control-label" for="powerPassword">
<bean:message key="kickstart.powermanagement.jsp.power_password" />
</label>
<div class="col-md-6">
<html:password property="powerPassword" name="powerPassword"
value="${powerPassword}" styleClass="form-control"
/>
<p class="small-text">
<bean:message key="provisioning.powermanagement.password_note" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-md-3 control-label" for="powerId">
<bean:message key="kickstart.powermanagement.jsp.power_id" />
</label>
<div class="col-md-6">
<html:text property="powerId" name="powerId"
value="${powerId}" styleClass="form-control"
/>
<p class="small-text">
<bean:message key="provisioning.powermanagement.identifier_note" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<c:if test="${showPowerStatus}">
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-md-3 control-label" for="powerStatus">
<bean:message key="kickstart.powermanagement.jsp.power_status" />
</label>
<div class="col-md-6">
<c:choose>
<c:when test="${powerStatusOn eq true}">
<bean:message key="kickstart.powermanagement.jsp.on" />
</c:when>
<c:when test="${powerStatusOn eq false}">
<bean:message key="kickstart.powermanagement.jsp.off" />
</c:when>
<c:otherwise>
<bean:message key="kickstart.powermanagement.jsp.unknown" />
</c:otherwise>
</c:choose>
</div>
</div>
</c:if>
<p>
<bean:message key="provisioning.powermanagement.security_warning" />
</p>
<hr>
|
<cfcomponent extends="org.railo.cfml.test.RailoTestCase">
<!---
<cffunction name="beforeTests"></cffunction>
<cffunction name="afterTests"></cffunction>
<cffunction name="setUp"></cffunction>
--->
<cffunction name="test">
<cfset assertEquals("","")>
</cffunction>
</cfcomponent> |
Tuesday, December 16, 2014
Scorpion, Christmas Card & Into the Woods - My Review
Today I watched the mid season finale of one of my favorite new TV shows, Scorpion. Most of the episodes are extremely suspenseful but this last episode was so tense that I think I stood and paced with anticipation for the outcome. From beginning to about 2/3'ds of the way through it was tense and I didn't see how they would get out of this situation. And then at the very end all the emotions started to come out and after being tense for 45 minutes it was nice to get that emotional release. Can't wait for this series to return next year.
I saw this Christmas Card on a show I watch called "Right This Minute" so I found it on you tube. Now there is debate on whether it's a legit flip book type animation or if it's pure animation simulating the flip book style. Either way I love the song and it's pretty EPIC...
And as I mentioned in my previous blog post, I got the screener for Into the Woods and I said I figured I'd be watching it sooner then later as many of my friends want to see it.. and sure enough tonight I headed over to my friend Jes and Dallas' place with my buddy Robert to watch Into the Woods.
For those of you who don't know the story here's a brief synopsis: Into the Woods is a modern twist on the beloved Brothers Grimm fairy tales in a musical format
that follows the classic tales of Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood,
Jack and the Beanstalk, and Rapunzel-all tied together by an original
story involving a baker and his wife, their wish to begin a family and
their interaction with the witch who has put a curse on them.
This has been a stage play for many years and it's even on DVD (a recorded version of the stage play) which I saw and really enjoyed. So I had an idea of what to expect but what was funny is when the movie starts and it goes right into musical mode and I was taken back. Though I knew it was a musical I didn't realize that the movie too was going to be a musical.. yeah I know I'm an idiot.
I don't want to get to spoilery but I enjoyed the movie overall, the music is fantastic, the actors were great and the story, though sad at times, it pretty fun. I love when you see actors that you don't realized could sing belt out a tune. It funny to me as the promo/trailers show alot of Johnny Depp in the film and he really only has the one scene and one song (which I felt was the weakest of all of them). I like that they kept to more of the "original" Cinderella storyline with the evil step sisters. Overall it's a very Charming film. I give Into the Woods a solid A
No comments:
Post a Comment
About Me
Hi, I'm Kenny and I live in North Hollywood, California. I work in the entertainment industry as a post production supervisor for TV. I'm also the Founder and CEO of Geekyfanboy Productions. I'm a professional podcaster. I currently host/produce Knights of the Guild, Alien Nation The Newcomers Podcast, Confessions of a Fanboy, MASH 4077 podcast, The Geek Roundtable & My Gimpy Life. I'm a geek 100% & I love it. I love scifi, fantasy, comic books, tv, movies, action figures, collectibles, cosplay & anything else geeky. I'm an avid movie watcher, my favorites are typically Fantasy/Sci Fi, but I do enjoy all types of movies. I worked on The Guild S2 - 6. I did the DVD extras for Seasons 2 & 3 and worked on set and was an extra for Seasons 2 - 6. Another big obsession of mine is collecting, action figures, comic books, etc... I have a thing for Movie/TV related items. And lastly I'm a proud gay man happily living my life in this geeky world.
Kenny's Crazy Toy Collection
Check out my Instagram account where I post pictures of my extensive TV and Movie collections. Toys, action figures, plates, comic books, books, trading cards and so much more, I have over 20,000 items to share with you. Check it out and then give me a follow at KennysCollection |
Sunday, February 03, 2008
Preview of "MTV Roadies 5 - The Game Goes International "
The season promises to be more exciting than before , there seems to be lot of friction between everyone. Lot of heated exchanges & catfights seem to be ahead.I hope none of the girls get voted out first , I have a hunch its sonel who is going to be out first.
Ankita is looking hot , she seems to have created a good fanbase among the roadies followers already.
Shambhavi is looking sweeter than we saw her in the auditions , something tells me looks are deceptive in her case and she will be there quite till the end.
1 comment:
Anonymous
said...
We love Bollywood stars as much as you do and would like to share this love by exchanging links with you. This would benefit both of us in the long run. We are a PR 4 blog and have been doing quite well after starting out in the end of November.
I would also like to tell you that we are a professional company and our blog is owned by RightCelebrity.com which is a huge blog with an Alexa ranking of around 19,000. So, you will also enjoy the search juice of such a big blog by linking to us.
What I would want from you is that you link to us from your homepage or any PR 4 inner page. However, we assure you that we will link to you from our homepage and also from our posts frequently.
I'll look forward to forge a long-lasting alliance with you. If you have any questions, please e-mail me. |
$6 OFF for Xiaomi Mitu Building Blocks Miniature City Engineering Crane!
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Q:
Reverse SSH tunnel with JSCH Java
Is it possible to do a reverse ssh connection using JSCH? If it is not, is there any other pure Java library that I can use to do a reverse tunnel SSH connection?
The command I want to mimic is similar than:
ssh -fN -R 7000:localhost:22 username@yourMachine-ipaddress
A:
There is an example gist that shows how to do it here:
https://gist.github.com/ymnk/2318108#file-portforwardingr-java
The method you want to look at is session.setPortForwardingR()
session.setPortForwardingR(rport, lhost, lport);
|
The influence of gold nanoparticles on the two photon absorption of photochromic molecular systems.
In this study, we investigate the influence of gold nanoparticles on the nonlinear optical properties of the dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene photo- and thermochromic system. The influence is studied using a combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical approach wherein the molecules are treated with quantum mechanics. The nanoparticle is modelled using molecular mechanics where the gold atoms are represented by their polarizabilities. The quantum mechanical part of the system, namely the molecules, is described using density functional theory with the long-range corrected functional CAM-B3LYP and the correlation consistent basis set aug-cc-pDVZ. The results of the investigation show that the two photon absorptions of the molecules are indeed affected by the gold nanoparticle. The influence of the nanoparticle is especially large for the vinylheptafulvene molecule when decreasing the molecule-cluster distance. From the results, we observe that the interactions with the gold nanoparticle are very dependent on molecular conformation, relative molecular orientation, and distance between the molecule and the cluster. We conclude that the three studied molecules are affected differently by the nanoparticle, and we suggest that experiments are carried out to further investigate how these molecules coordinate to and interact with gold nanoparticles. This could present a new tool for controlling molecular properties. Furthermore, we see that the results of this study are in good agreement with earlier studies of other properties on the same system. |
################################################################################
#
# qemu
#
################################################################################
QEMU_VERSION = 5.0.0
QEMU_SOURCE = qemu-$(QEMU_VERSION).tar.xz
QEMU_SITE = http://download.qemu.org
QEMU_LICENSE = GPL-2.0, LGPL-2.1, MIT, BSD-3-Clause, BSD-2-Clause, Others/BSD-1c
QEMU_LICENSE_FILES = COPYING COPYING.LIB
# NOTE: there is no top-level license file for non-(L)GPL licenses;
# the non-(L)GPL license texts are specified in the affected
# individual source files.
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Target-qemu
QEMU_DEPENDENCIES = host-pkgconf libglib2 zlib pixman host-python3
# Need the LIBS variable because librt and libm are
# not automatically pulled. :-(
QEMU_LIBS = -lrt -lm
QEMU_OPTS =
QEMU_VARS = LIBTOOL=$(HOST_DIR)/bin/libtool
# If we want to specify only a subset of targets, we must still enable all
# of them, so that QEMU properly builds its list of default targets, from
# which it then checks if the specified sub-set is valid. That's what we
# do in the first part of the if-clause.
# Otherwise, if we do not want to pass a sub-set of targets, we then need
# to either enable or disable -user and/or -system emulation appropriately.
# That's what we do in the else-clause.
ifneq ($(call qstrip,$(BR2_PACKAGE_QEMU_CUSTOM_TARGETS)),)
QEMU_OPTS += --enable-system --enable-linux-user
QEMU_OPTS += --target-list="$(call qstrip,$(BR2_PACKAGE_QEMU_CUSTOM_TARGETS))"
else
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_QEMU_SYSTEM),y)
QEMU_OPTS += --enable-system
else
QEMU_OPTS += --disable-system
endif
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_QEMU_LINUX_USER),y)
QEMU_OPTS += --enable-linux-user
else
QEMU_OPTS += --disable-linux-user
endif
endif
# There is no "--enable-slirp"
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_QEMU_SLIRP),)
QEMU_OPTS += --disable-slirp
endif
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_QEMU_SDL),y)
QEMU_OPTS += --enable-sdl
QEMU_DEPENDENCIES += sdl2
QEMU_VARS += SDL2_CONFIG=$(BR2_STAGING_DIR)/usr/bin/sdl2-config
else
QEMU_OPTS += --disable-sdl
endif
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_QEMU_FDT),y)
QEMU_OPTS += --enable-fdt
QEMU_DEPENDENCIES += dtc
else
QEMU_OPTS += --disable-fdt
endif
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_QEMU_TOOLS),y)
QEMU_OPTS += --enable-tools
else
QEMU_OPTS += --disable-tools
endif
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_LIBSECCOMP),y)
QEMU_OPTS += --enable-seccomp
QEMU_DEPENDENCIES += libseccomp
else
QEMU_OPTS += --disable-seccomp
endif
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_LIBSSH),y)
QEMU_OPTS += --enable-libssh
QEMU_DEPENDENCIES += libssh
else
QEMU_OPTS += --disable-libssh
endif
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_LIBUSB),y)
QEMU_OPTS += --enable-libusb
QEMU_DEPENDENCIES += libusb
else
QEMU_OPTS += --disable-libusb
endif
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_LIBVNCSERVER),y)
QEMU_OPTS += \
--enable-vnc \
--disable-vnc-sasl
QEMU_DEPENDENCIES += libvncserver
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_LIBPNG),y)
QEMU_OPTS += --enable-vnc-png
QEMU_DEPENDENCIES += libpng
else
QEMU_OPTS += --disable-vnc-png
endif
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_JPEG),y)
QEMU_OPTS += --enable-vnc-jpeg
QEMU_DEPENDENCIES += jpeg
else
QEMU_OPTS += --disable-vnc-jpeg
endif
else
QEMU_OPTS += --disable-vnc
endif
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_NETTLE),y)
QEMU_OPTS += --enable-nettle
QEMU_DEPENDENCIES += nettle
else
QEMU_OPTS += --disable-nettle
endif
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_NUMACTL),y)
QEMU_OPTS += --enable-numa
QEMU_DEPENDENCIES += numactl
else
QEMU_OPTS += --disable-numa
endif
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_SPICE),y)
QEMU_OPTS += --enable-spice
QEMU_DEPENDENCIES += spice
else
QEMU_OPTS += --disable-spice
endif
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_USBREDIR),y)
QEMU_OPTS += --enable-usb-redir
QEMU_DEPENDENCIES += usbredir
else
QEMU_OPTS += --disable-usb-redir
endif
# Override CPP, as it expects to be able to call it like it'd
# call the compiler.
define QEMU_CONFIGURE_CMDS
unset TARGET_DIR; \
cd $(@D); \
LIBS='$(QEMU_LIBS)' \
$(TARGET_CONFIGURE_OPTS) \
$(TARGET_CONFIGURE_ARGS) \
CPP="$(TARGET_CC) -E" \
$(QEMU_VARS) \
./configure \
--prefix=/usr \
--cross-prefix=$(TARGET_CROSS) \
--audio-drv-list= \
--python=$(HOST_DIR)/bin/python3 \
--enable-kvm \
--enable-attr \
--enable-vhost-net \
--disable-bsd-user \
--disable-containers \
--disable-xen \
--disable-virtfs \
--disable-brlapi \
--disable-curses \
--disable-curl \
--disable-vde \
--disable-linux-aio \
--disable-linux-io-uring \
--disable-cap-ng \
--disable-docs \
--disable-rbd \
--disable-libiscsi \
--disable-strip \
--disable-sparse \
--disable-mpath \
--disable-sanitizers \
--disable-hvf \
--disable-whpx \
--disable-malloc-trim \
--disable-membarrier \
--disable-vhost-crypto \
--disable-libxml2 \
--disable-capstone \
--disable-git-update \
--disable-opengl \
$(QEMU_OPTS)
endef
define QEMU_BUILD_CMDS
unset TARGET_DIR; \
$(TARGET_MAKE_ENV) $(MAKE) -C $(@D)
endef
define QEMU_INSTALL_TARGET_CMDS
unset TARGET_DIR; \
$(TARGET_MAKE_ENV) $(MAKE) -C $(@D) $(QEMU_MAKE_ENV) DESTDIR=$(TARGET_DIR) install
endef
$(eval $(generic-package))
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Host-qemu
HOST_QEMU_DEPENDENCIES = host-pkgconf host-zlib host-libglib2 host-pixman host-python3
# BR ARCH qemu
# ------- ----
# arm arm
# armeb armeb
# i486 i386
# i586 i386
# i686 i386
# x86_64 x86_64
# m68k m68k
# microblaze microblaze
# mips mips
# mipsel mipsel
# mips64 mips64
# mips64el mips64el
# nios2 nios2
# or1k or1k
# powerpc ppc
# powerpc64 ppc64
# powerpc64le ppc64 (system) / ppc64le (usermode)
# sh2a not supported
# sh4 sh4
# sh4eb sh4eb
# sh4a sh4
# sh4aeb sh4eb
# sparc sparc
# sparc64 sparc64
# xtensa xtensa
HOST_QEMU_ARCH = $(ARCH)
ifeq ($(HOST_QEMU_ARCH),i486)
HOST_QEMU_ARCH = i386
endif
ifeq ($(HOST_QEMU_ARCH),i586)
HOST_QEMU_ARCH = i386
endif
ifeq ($(HOST_QEMU_ARCH),i686)
HOST_QEMU_ARCH = i386
endif
ifeq ($(HOST_QEMU_ARCH),powerpc)
HOST_QEMU_ARCH = ppc
endif
ifeq ($(HOST_QEMU_ARCH),powerpc64)
HOST_QEMU_ARCH = ppc64
endif
ifeq ($(HOST_QEMU_ARCH),powerpc64le)
HOST_QEMU_ARCH = ppc64le
HOST_QEMU_SYS_ARCH = ppc64
endif
ifeq ($(HOST_QEMU_ARCH),sh4a)
HOST_QEMU_ARCH = sh4
endif
ifeq ($(HOST_QEMU_ARCH),sh4aeb)
HOST_QEMU_ARCH = sh4eb
endif
HOST_QEMU_SYS_ARCH ?= $(HOST_QEMU_ARCH)
HOST_QEMU_CFLAGS = $(HOST_CFLAGS)
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU_SYSTEM_MODE),y)
HOST_QEMU_TARGETS += $(HOST_QEMU_SYS_ARCH)-softmmu
HOST_QEMU_OPTS += --enable-system --enable-fdt
HOST_QEMU_CFLAGS += -I$(HOST_DIR)/include/libfdt
HOST_QEMU_DEPENDENCIES += host-dtc
else
HOST_QEMU_OPTS += --disable-system
endif
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU_LINUX_USER_MODE),y)
HOST_QEMU_TARGETS += $(HOST_QEMU_ARCH)-linux-user
HOST_QEMU_OPTS += --enable-linux-user
HOST_QEMU_HOST_SYSTEM_TYPE = $(shell uname -s)
ifneq ($(HOST_QEMU_HOST_SYSTEM_TYPE),Linux)
$(error "qemu-user can only be used on Linux hosts")
endif
else # BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU_LINUX_USER_MODE
HOST_QEMU_OPTS += --disable-linux-user
endif # BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU_LINUX_USER_MODE
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU_VDE2),y)
HOST_QEMU_OPTS += --enable-vde
HOST_QEMU_DEPENDENCIES += host-vde2
endif
# virtfs-proxy-helper is the only user of libcap-ng.
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU_VIRTFS),y)
HOST_QEMU_OPTS += --enable-virtfs --enable-cap-ng
HOST_QEMU_DEPENDENCIES += host-libcap-ng
else
HOST_QEMU_OPTS += --disable-virtfs --disable-cap-ng
endif
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU_USB),y)
HOST_QEMU_OPTS += --enable-libusb
HOST_QEMU_DEPENDENCIES += host-libusb
else
HOST_QEMU_OPTS += --disable-libusb
endif
# Override CPP, as it expects to be able to call it like it'd
# call the compiler.
define HOST_QEMU_CONFIGURE_CMDS
unset TARGET_DIR; \
cd $(@D); $(HOST_CONFIGURE_OPTS) CPP="$(HOSTCC) -E" \
./configure \
--target-list="$(HOST_QEMU_TARGETS)" \
--prefix="$(HOST_DIR)" \
--interp-prefix=$(STAGING_DIR) \
--cc="$(HOSTCC)" \
--host-cc="$(HOSTCC)" \
--extra-cflags="$(HOST_QEMU_CFLAGS)" \
--extra-ldflags="$(HOST_LDFLAGS)" \
--python=$(HOST_DIR)/bin/python3 \
--disable-bzip2 \
--disable-containers \
--disable-curl \
--disable-libssh \
--disable-linux-io-uring \
--disable-sdl \
--disable-vnc-jpeg \
--disable-vnc-png \
--disable-vnc-sasl \
--enable-tools \
$(HOST_QEMU_OPTS)
endef
define HOST_QEMU_BUILD_CMDS
unset TARGET_DIR; \
$(HOST_MAKE_ENV) $(MAKE) -C $(@D)
endef
define HOST_QEMU_INSTALL_CMDS
unset TARGET_DIR; \
$(HOST_MAKE_ENV) $(MAKE) -C $(@D) install
endef
$(eval $(host-generic-package))
# variable used by other packages
QEMU_USER = $(HOST_DIR)/bin/qemu-$(HOST_QEMU_ARCH)
|
A report released today by The Pew Charitable Trusts finds that Americans’ debt has increased over the past three decades, due particularly to home mortgages and student loans, with important implications for long-term economic mobility. A full 80 percent of Americans hold at least some form of debt, and nearly 7 in 10 say debt is a necessity in their lives, even though they would prefer... Read More
New analysis by researchers at Stanford University, funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts and the Russell Sage Foundation, finds that approximately half of parental income advantages in the United States are passed on to children, which is among the lowest estimates of economic mobility yet produced. Read More
A new report from The Pew Charitable Trusts examines the Philadelphia legislative practice known as “councilmanic prerogative,” through which individual City Council members make nearly all of the land use decisions in their jurisdictions. Read More
Media Resources
Informational and newsmaking video can be found here or on our YouTube Channel. If you are a member of the media and have trouble downloading or using our video, please contact us at media@pewtrusts.org.
If you are a reporter looking for reports or polls from the Pew Research Center, our subsidiary, please contact them at 202.419.4372.
About The Pew Charitable Trusts
The Pew Charitable Trusts is driven by the power of knowledge to solve today's most challenging problems. Pew applies a rigorous, analytical approach to improve public policy, inform the public and invigorate civic life.
Trust Magazine
Our quarterly news magazine. Every issue features articles on Pew’s work from across the organization.Read current issue › |
Q:
Do the majority of astronauts experience space sickness while adapting to micro-gravitational conditions?
Do the majority of astronauts (and cosmonauts) experience nausea, or symptoms of space sickness while adapting to micro-gravitational conditions? How severe are their symptoms and how much they vary by individual, e.g. does the majority throw up during the weightlessness adaptation period?
Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield explains from the ISS that space sickness does occur and how astronauts experiencing it deal with it in this YouTube video.
A:
Space motion sickness: incidence, etiology, and countermeasures (Martina Heer, William Paloski. Autonomic Neuroscience Vol.129, no.1-2, 2006. Pp. 77-79):
Space motion sickness is experienced by 60% to 80% of space travelers during their first 2 to 3 days in microgravity and by a similar proportion during their first few days after return to Earth.
Since $60\% > 50\%$ :), the answer to your question is an unequivocal YES.
Space motion sickness symptoms are similar to those in other forms of motion sickness; they include: pallor, increased body warmth, cold sweating, malaise, loss of appetite, nausea, fatigue, vomiting, and anorexia.
Facts to remember:
NASA's STS program: up to 80% of the U.S. astronauts.
A study on 15 Russian cosmonauts: 13 out of 15.
50% of 72 U.S. astronauts reported various space motion sickness symptoms.
It doesn't matter whether you have flown before.
Space sickness hits both males and females.
|
arcgis.features.manage_data module
==================================
.. automodule:: arcgis.features.manage_data
dissolve_boundaries
--------------
.. autofunction:: arcgis.features.manage_data.dissolve_boundaries
extract_data
--------------
.. autofunction:: arcgis.features.manage_data.extract_data
merge_layers
--------------
.. autofunction:: arcgis.features.manage_data.merge_layers
overlay_layers
--------------
.. autofunction:: arcgis.features.manage_data.overlay_layers
create_route_layers
--------------
.. autofunction:: arcgis.features.manage_data.create_route_layers
generate_tessellation
--------------
.. autofunction:: arcgis.features.manage_data.generate_tessellation |
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in a patient suffering from comorbid depression and panic disorder following a myocardial infarction.
Application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was effective and safe in treating a 55-year-old man with comorbid depression and panic disorder, which occurred 6 months after a myocardial infarction. |
wave generator used to produce a narrow pulse, or trigger. Blocking oscillators have many uses, most of which are concerned with the timing of some other circuit. They can be used as frequency dividers or counter circuits and for switching other circuits on and off at specific times.">
The BLOCKING OSCILLATOR is a special type of wave generator used to produce a narrow
pulse, or trigger. Blocking oscillators have many uses, most of which are concerned with
the timing of some other circuit. They can be used as frequency dividers or counter
circuits and for switching other circuits on and off at specific times.
In a blocking oscillator the pulse width (pw), pulse repetition time
(prt), and pulse
repetition rate (prr) are all controlled by the size of certain capacitors and resistors
and by the operating characteristics of the transformer. The transformer primary
determines the duration and shape of the output. Because of their importance in the
circuit, transformer action and series RL circuits will be discussed briefly. You may want
to review transformer action in NEETS, Module 2, Introduction to Alternating Current
and Transformers before going to the next section.
Transformer Action
Figure 3-31 , view (A), shows a transformer with resistance in both the primary and
secondary circuits. If S1 is closed, current will flow through R1 and L1. As the current
increases in L1, it induces a voltage into L2 and causes current flow through R2. The
voltage induced into L2 depends on the ratio of turns between L1 and L2 as well as the
current flow through L1.
Figure 3-31A. - RL circuit.
The secondary load impedance, R2, affects the primary impedance through reflection from
secondary to primary. If the load on the secondary is increased (R2 decreased), the load
on the primary is also increased and primary and secondary currents are increased.
T1 can be shown as an inductor and R1-R2 as a combined or equivalent series resistance
(RE) since T1 has an effective inductance and any change in R1 or R2 will
change the current. The equivalent circuit is shown in figure 3-31, view (B). It acts as a
series RL circuit and will be discussed in those terms.
Figure 3-31B. - RL circuit.
Simple Series RL Circuit
When S1 is closed in the series RL circuit (view (B) of figure 3-31) L acts as an open
at the first instant as source voltage appears across it. As current begins to flow, EL
decreases and ER and I increase, all at exponential rates. Figure 3-32, view
(A), shows these exponential curves. In a time equal to 5 time constants the resistor
voltage and current are maximum and EL is zero. This relationship is shown in
the following formula:
Figure 3-32A. - Voltage across a coil.
If S1 is closed, as shown in figure 3-31, view (B), the current will follow curve 1 as
shown in figure 3-32, view (A). The time required for the current to reach maximum depends
on the size of L and RE. If RE is small, then the RL circuit has a
long time constant. If only a small portion of curve 1 (C to D of view (A)) is used, then
the current increase will have maximum change in a given time period. Further, the smaller
the time increment the more nearly linear is the current rise. A constant current increase
through the coil is a key factor in a blocking oscillator.
Blocking Oscillator Applications
A basic principle of inductance is that if the increase of current through a coil is
linear; that is, the rate of current increase is constant with respect to time, then the
induced voltage will be constant. This is true in both the primary and secondary of a
transformer. Figure 3-32, view (B), shows the voltage waveform across the coil when the
current through it increases at a constant rate. Notice that this waveform is similar in
shape to the trigger pulse shown earlier in figure 3-1, view (E). By definition, a
blocking oscillator is a special type of oscillator which uses inductive regenerative
feedback. The output duration and frequency of such pulses are determined by the
characteristics of a transformer and its relationship to the circuit. Figure 3-33 shows a
blocking oscillator. This is a simplified form used to illustrate circuit operation.
Figure 3-32B. - Voltage across a coil.
Figure 3-33. - Blocking oscillator.
When power is applied to the circuit, R1 provides forward bias and transistor Q1
conducts. Current flow through Q1 and the primary of T1 induces a voltage in L2. The
phasing dots on the transformer indicate a 180-degree phase shift. As the bottom side of
L1 is going negative, the bottom side of L2 is going positive. The positive voltage of L2
is coupled to the base of the transistor through C1, and Q1 conducts more. This provides
more collector current and more current through L1. This action is regenerative feedback.
Very rapidly, sufficient voltage is applied to saturate the base of Q1. Once the base
becomes saturated, it loses control over collector current. The circuit now can be
compared to a small resistor (Q1) in series with a relatively large inductor (L1), or a
series RL circuit.
The operation of the circuit to this point has generated a very steep leading edge for
the output pulse. Figure 3-34 shows the idealized collector and base waveforms. Once the
base of Q1 (figure 3-33) becomes saturated, the current increase in L1 is determined by
the time constant of L1 and the total series resistance. From T0 to T1 in figure 3-34 the
current increase (not shown) is approximately linear. The voltage across L1 will be a
constant value as long as the current increase through L1 is linear.
Figure 3-34. - Blocking oscillator idealized waveforms.
At time T1, L1 saturates. At this time, there is no further change in magnetic flux and
no coupling from L1 to L2. C1, which has charged during time TO to T1, will now discharge
through R1 and cut off Q1. This causes collector current to stop, and the voltage across
L1 returns to 0.
The length of time between T0 and T1 (and T2 to T3 in the next cycle) is the pulse
width, which depends mainly on the characteristics of the transformer and the point at
which the transformer saturates. A transformer is chosen that will saturate at about 10
percent of the total circuit current. This ensures that the current increase is nearly
linear. The transformer controls the pulse width because it controls the slope of
collector current increase between points T0 and T1. Since TC = L / R , the greater the L,
the longer the TC. The longer the time constant, the slower the rate of current increase.
When the rate of current increase is slow, the voltage across L1 is constant for a longer
time. This primarily determines the pulse width.
From T1 to T2 (figure 3-34), transistor Q1 is held at cutoff by C1 discharging through
R1 (figure 3-33). The transistor is now said to be "blocked." As C1 gradually
loses its charge, the voltage on the base of Q1 returns to a forward-bias condition. At
T2, the voltage on the base has become sufficiently positive to forward bias Q1, and the
cycle is repeated. |
May 13, 2011
(CIDRAP News) Canadian researchers have shown that an Ebola virus species that can kill humans can also infect pigs and spread among them, raising the specter of Ebola virus as a potential foodborne pathogen. |
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a deadly disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which is a retrovirus. Despite intense research for nearly twenty years, a cure for AIDS has not yet been developed. Present treatments increase the life expectancy of AIDS patients, but extremely high mortality rates continue.
The expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is controlled by a post-transcriptional mechanism. From a single primary transcript several mRNAs are generated. These RNAs can be divided into three main classes: unspliced 9-kb, singly spliced 4-kb and the multiply spliced 2-kb RNAs. Each of these RNAs is exported to the cytoplasm for translation and, in the case of the 9 kb RNA, for packaging into virions (Kingsman and Kingsman, 1996; the publications and other materials used herein to illuminate the background of the invention or provide additional details respecting the practice, are incorporated by reference, and for convenience are respectively grouped in the appended List of References). Normally, pre-mRNAs must undergo a splicing process to remove one or more introns before being exported to the cytoplasm. HIV overcomes this limitation, allowing singly spliced and unspliced RNA to be exported via interaction with its own encoded Rev protein. Rev is responsible for the expression and cytoplasmic accumulation of the singly spliced and unspliced viral mRNAs by direct interaction with a target sequence (Rev response element or RRE) present in these mRNAs. This regulatory protein binds an RNA stem-loop structure (the RRE) located within the env coding region of singly spliced and unspliced HIV RNAs (Zapp and Green, 1989; Cochrane et al., 1990; D′Agostino et al., 1995; Malim et al., 1990). Binding of Rev to this element promotes the export, stability and translation of these HIV-1 RNAs (Arrigo and Chen, 1991; D′Agostino et al., 1992; Emerman et al., 1989; Feinberg et al., 1986; Felber et al., 1989; Hammarskj old et al., 1989; Lawrence et al., 1991; Schwartz et al., 1992; Malim et al., 1989; Favaro et al., 1999; Hope, 1999). The export process is mediated by the nuclear export signal (NES) of Rev which is a leucine rich region which binds the receptor exportin 1/CRM1 which mediates the export of the viral RNA. It is believed that CRM1 bridges the interaction of Rev with the nucleoporins required for export to the cytoplasm (Hope, 1999).
When Rev and Tat are expressed independently of other HIV transcripts, these proteins localize within the nucleolus of human cells (Cullen et al., 1988; Luznik et al., 1995; Dundr et al., 1995; Endo et al., 1989; Siomi et al., 1990; Stauber and Pavlakis, 1998). The simultaneous presence of a nuclear export signal (NES) as well as a nuclear import/localization signal (NLS) confers upon Rev the ability to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm (Hope, 1999). The Rev protein preferentially accumulates in the nucleolus in Rev-expressing cells (in the absence of RRE-containing RNA) and in the early phase of HIV infection (Dundr et al., 1995; Luznik et al., 1995). The reason for this specific sub-cellular localization is unknown. One possibility is that the nucleolus functions as the storage site for the Rev protein. Another and more compelling alternative, is that the Rev protein moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm through the nucleolus. There is evidence that in the nucleolus Rev recruits nucleoporins Nup 98 and Nup 214 via hCRM1 (Zolotukhin and Felber, 1999). These results suggest a Rev-hCRM1-nucleoporins committed or pre-committed cytoplasmic export complex assembles in the nucleolus, and that the nucleolus can play a critical role in the Rev function.
To date, published data concerning nucleolar localization of HIV-1 RNAs are inconclusive. Using electron microscopy and in situ hybridization, Romanov et al. (1997) detected a subgenomic mRNA expressing the HIV-1p37gag (containing the RRE element) in all the subcellular compartments (including the nucleoli) of HL Tat cells. Interestingly, they observed that the expression of Rev induced relocalization of HW RNAs into two nonrandom patterns. One of these, the long track in the nucleoplasm, was radially organized around and in contact with the nucleoli. Other investigators using in situ hybridization analyses performed on mammalian cell lines transfected with different HIV-1 subgenomic or genomic constructs failed to detect HIV-1 RNA in the nucleolus (Zhang et al., 1996; Boe et al., 1998; Favaro et al., 1998; Favaro et al., 1999). The discrepancy in these results might be due to the different HIV-1 constructs, cell lines, and in situ hybridization protocols used by the various investigators. Furthermore, it should be taken into consideration that RNA export is a dynamic process; the rate of export as well as the amount of the HIV-1 RNA passing through the nucleolus can be limiting factors for in situ hybridization-mediated detection of nucleolar localized transcripts.
Ribozymes are RNA molecules that behave as enzymes, severing other RNAs at specific sites into smaller pieces. The hammerhead ribozyme is the simplest in terms of size and structure and can readily be engineered to perform intermolecular cleavage on targeted RNA molecules. These properties make this ribozyme a useful tool for inactivating gene expression, ribozymes being very effective inhibitors of gene expression when they are colocalized with their target RNAs (Sullenger and Cech, 1993; Samarsky et al., 1999). They may be valuable therapeutic tools for repairing cellular RNAs transcribed from mutated genes or for destroying unwanted viral RNA transcripts in the cell. However, targeting ribozymes to the cellular compartment containing their target RNAs has proved a challenge. Now, Samarsky et al. (1999) report that a family of small RNAs in the nucleolus (snoRNAs) can readily transport ribozymes into this subcellular organelle.
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are small, stable RNAs that stably accumulate in the nucleolus of eukaryotic cells. There are two major classes of snoRNA, each with its own highly conserved sequence motif. Both classes are involved in the post-transcriptional modification of the ribosomal RNA. The C/D box snoRNAs regulate 2′-O-methylation of the ribose sugars of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and the H/ACA box snoRNAs guide pseudouridylation of rRNA uridine bases. A few snoRNAs also participate in processing precursor rRNA transcripts (Lafontaine and Tollervey, 1998; Weinstein and Steitz, 1999; Pederson, 1998). Most snoRNAs are transcribed and processed in the nucleus, although some may be synthesized in the nucleolus (the nuclear site of rRNA synthesis). It has been reported that the C and D boxes are important for stability, processing and nucleolar localization. In particular it has been demonstrated that an artificial RNA bearing the two boxes can be delivered into the nucleolus.
Samarsky et al. chose yeast for their experiments because the requirements for trafficking of a specific snoRNA (called U3) are well understood in this organism. They showed that nucleolar localization of the yeast U3 snoRNA was primarily dependent on the presence of the C/D box motif (Samarsky et al., 1998). The investigators appended a test ribozyme to the 5′ end of U3, and then inserted its RNA target sequence into the same location in a separate U3 construct. So both the ribozyme and its target were expressed in separate, modified U3 snoRNAs. The snoRNA-ribozyme molecule (called a snorbozyme) and its U3-tethered target were transported into the nucleolus. Here the ribozyme cleaved its target RNA with almost 100% efficiency.
Three crucial prerequisites for effective ribozyme action are (i) colocalization of the ribozyme and its RNA target in the same place, (ii) accessibility of the cleavage site in the target RNA to pairing with the ribozyme, and (iii) high levels of ribozyme relative to target RNA (Sullenger and Cech, 1993; Lee et al., 1999). The importance of colocalization was first demonstrated by tethering a ribozyme to the packaging signal (psi) of a murine retroviral vector and showing that copackaging of the ribozyme with a psi-tethered target resulted in greater than 90% reduction in viral infectivity (Sullenger and Cech, 1993).
Samarsky and colleagues used a clever method to assay ribozyme activity based on the rate of appearance of one of the two cleavage products (see the figure in Rossi, 1999a). The RNA target tethered to U3 is stable, with a half-life of over 90 minutes, and its cleavage by the ribozyme generates two products: a short, rapidly degraded 5′ fragment and a 5′ extended form of the U3 snoRNA. The 5′ extension itself gets degraded, leaving intact the U3 hairpin, which is quite stable and easily distinguished from endogenous U3. Taking advantage of the accumulation of this stable product, the investigators were able to measure the kinetics of ribozyme cleavage in vivo. By using similar assay systems, it is possible to analyze ribozyme cleavage kinetics for virtually any ribozyme-substrate combination under physiological conditions.
There are plenty of applications for snorbozymes, particularly as the nucleolus is proving to be more than just the place where rRNA is synthesized. For example, precursor transfer RNAs (Bertrand et al., 1998), RNA encoding the enzyme telomerase, signal recognition particle RNAs, and U6 snRNAs all pass through the nucleolus where they are either processed or receive base and/or backbone modifications (Weinstein and Steitz, 1999). Several RNAs have been reported to pass through the nucleolus for processing, particle assembly, or other modification (Pederson, 1998). These include c-myc, N-myc, and myoD1 mRNAs (Bond and Wold, 1993), the signal recognition particle RNA (Jacobson and Pederson, 1998; Politz et al., 2000), U6 small nuclear RNA (Tycowski et al., 1998), some pre-tRNAs in yeast (Bertrand et al., 1998), and the RNAse P RNA (Jacobson et al., 1997). There is also evidence that telomerase RNA is processed within the nucleolus (Mitchell et al., 1999; Narayanan et al., 1999b). Transcription and replication of the neurotropic Boma disease virus have also been shown to occur within the nucleolus (Pyper et al., 1998). Importantly, the HTLV-1 env RNAs have been demonstrated to be partially localized in the nucleolus (Kalland et al., 1991). HTLV-1 and HIV-1 have a similar posttranscriptional regulation mechanism, and the Rex protein, a functional homolog of HIV-1 Rev, also has nucleolar localization properties. Viral proteins such as HIV's Rev and Tat and HTLV-1's Rex accumulate in this subcellular organelle (Stauber and Pavlakis, 1998; Siomi et al., 1988; Cullen et al., 1988). Rev is a crucial regulatory protein that shuttles unspliced viral RNA from the nucleolus into the cytoplasm. Recent findings show that Rev itself is transported out of the nucleolus by binding to a Rev-binding element in a U16 snoRNA (Buonomo et al., 1999). Using a snoRNA to localize a ribozyme that targets viral RNA to the nucleolus may be an effective therapeutic strategy to combat HIV. Ribozymes, antisense RNAs, and RNA decoys that bind Rev or Tat may be more effective in the nucleolus than in other regions of the nucleus or cytoplasm. SnoRNA chimeras harboring ribozymes or protein-binding elements should prove valuable not only therapeutically but also for elucidating why certain RNAs and proteins traffic through the nucleolus. |
Q:
How do I get rpmbuild to download all of the sources for a particular .spec?
I am adding some sources to an existing rpm .spec file by URL and don't have them downloaded yet. Is there a way to get rpmbuild to download the sources rather than doing it manually?
A:
The spectool utility from the rpmdevtools package can do this. Just install rpmdevtools and point spectools at the .spec like so:
spectool -g -R SPECS/nginx.spec
It will download any missing sources into rpm's %{_sourcedir} (usually SOURCES) directory.
A:
For posterity, there is another way to do it, which does not need any additional tools or downloads:
rpmbuild --undefine=_disable_source_fetch -ba /path/to/your.spec
Downloading sources automatically is forbidden by default because RPM lacks built-in integrity checks for the source archives. The network has to be trusted, and any checksums and signatures checked. This restriction makes sense for package maintainers, as they are responsible for shipping trusted code.
However, when you know what you are doing and understand the risks, you may just forcibly lift the restriction.
A:
In the spec file, you can place %undefine _disable_source_fetch anywhere before the source URL.
For security purposes, you should also specify the sha256sum, and check it in the %prep section prior to setup.
Here is a working example:
Name: monit
Version: 5.25.1
Release: 1%{?dist}
Summary: Monitoring utility for unix systems
Group: Applications/System
License: GNU AFFERO GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE version 3
URL: https://mmonit.com/monit/
%undefine _disable_source_fetch
Source0: https://mmonit.com/monit/dist/%name-%version.tar.gz
%define SHA256SUM0 4b5c25ceb10825f1e5404f1d8a7b21507716b82bc20c3586f86603691c3b81bc
%define debug_package %nil
BuildRequires: coreutils
%description
Monit is a small Open Source utility for managing and monitoring Unix systems. Monit conducts automatic maintenance
and repair and can execute meaningful causal actions in error situations.
%prep
echo "%SHA256SUM0 %SOURCE0" | sha256sum -c -
%setup -q
...
Credits
@YaroslavFedevych for undefine _disable_source_fetch.
|
Forward (singlet-singlet) and backward (triplet-triplet) energy transfer in a dendrimer with peripheral naphthalene units and a benzophenone core.
The photochemical and photophysical behaviour of two dendrimers consisting of a benzophenone core and branches that contain four (4) and eight (5) naphthalene units at the periphery has been investigated in CH(2)Cl(2) solution (298 K) and in CH(2)Cl(2)/CHCl(3) 1:1 v/v rigid matrix (77 K). For comparison purposes, the photophysical properties of dimethoxybenzophenone (1), 2-methylnaphthalene (2) and of a dendron containing four naphthalene units (3) have also been studied. In both dendrimers 4 and 5, excitation of the peripheral naphthalene units is followed by fast (1.1 x 10(9) s(-1) at 298 K, > 2.5 x 10(9) s(-1) at 77 K for 5; 2.9 x 10(8) s(-1) at 298 K, 7 x 10(5) s(-1) at 77 K for 5) singlet-singlet energy transfer to the benzophenone core. On a longer time scale (>1 x 10(6) s(-1) at 298 K, >6 x 10(3) s(-1) at 77 K for 4; 3.1 x 10(7) s(-1) at 298 K, ca. 3 x 10(2) s(-1) at 77 K for 5) a back energy transfer process takes place from the triplet state of the benzophenone core to the triplet state of the peripheral naphthalene units. Selective excitation of the benzophenone unit is followed by intersystem crossing and triplet-triplet energy transfer to the peripheral naphthalene units. In hydrogen donating solvents, the benzophenone core is protected from degradation by the presence of the naphthalene units. In solutions containing Tb(CF(3)SO(3))(3), sensitization of the green Tb(3+) luminescence is observed on excitation of both the peripheral naphthalene units and the benzophenone core of 5. Upon excitation of the naphthalene absorption band (266 nm) with a laser source, intradendrimer triplet-triplet annihilation of naphthalene excited states leads to delayed naphthalene fluorescence (lambda(max)= 335 nm), that can also be obtained upon excitation at 355 nm (benzophenone absorption band). The results obtained show that preorganization of photoactive units in a dendritic structure can be exploited for a variety of useful functions, including photosensitized emission, protection from undesired photoreactions, and energy up-conversion. |
The topic of How do social networking sites and online communities create a false sense of trust between users arose to me while watching To Catch a Predator. The predators completely trust the person they are conversing with and believe to be a young girl. This trust is built over chatting online and using social networking sites. When this topic came to me I thought if there are all these "predators" being caught because they trust in someone that they met online, how many predators catch helpless teenagers or adults for that matter?
When doing research on this topic so many articles came up on teenagers meeting someone they met online, in real life and it ended up being a predator. A lot of articles came up of fake Facebook pages generating trust between users only to find out that the other person was not who the claimed to be. The most abundant information about a false sense of trust being created was the false sense of trusted created on dating websites between users. This was an important topic for me to research because I am very cautious with accepting friend-requests and things of that nature online, but I know so many of my friends who are not. I wanted to see cases of the consequences of people who are too trusting online, or who have false senses of trust with those that they encounter.
My research revealed three general ways that false senses of trust are developed when using social networking sites or participating in online communities. Most of the false sense of trust are developed between a sexual predator with a fake profile and a younger person who believes the profile is true. The majority of the cases had to do with online dating services, a woman was raped when she went to meet her date. She trusted the site and the match, but all she had to do was search her match and she would have discovered he was a sexual offender. The last major false sense of trust comes from "Big Brother" people accept friend-requests from people they do not know and they happen to be policemen or military people. These findings shocked me the most, because I would not initially think that the police or military people would be creating fake personas to influence communities. I am glad I researched this topic because it gave me a lot of insight on how to conduct myself online using social networking sites and to not trust anybody and everybody unless I personally know them and have had face-to-face encounters with them. |
Q:
What Roman institutions were obsolete by the end of the Republic?
Background: Recently I've been reading about the Roman Republic, specifically about its last century of civil war and disorder, and I've noticed that some historians say that the Republic fell because its institutions were prepared to handle only a small territory, not the big empire that the Romans conquered throughout the centuries. The most recent book where I found this line of thought was Mary Beard's SPQR, but I've seen it in other places before.
The problem is that when these books talk about the end of the Republic, they in general just list events concerning the Gracchus brothers' fight for redistribution of land, Marius' and Sulla's civil wars, and events concerning the First Triumvirate — they never tackle the issues of obsolete institutions directly. Even the article in The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic pertaining to the topic only mentions this obsolescence and says the idea is correct, but doesn't elaborate on it. From these works I've gathered that Roman institutions were obsolete precisely because they permitted the existence of this kind of conflict, but I still don't understand why that's the case, which institutions were obsolete and why.
Question: What institutions were so obsolete as to cause the fall of the Republic, and why did they function properly only with a small territory?
A:
The main institutions were the Senate and the military. The personal wealth and power of the members of the Senate, and the rivalries that ensued, threatened to tear the state apart.
The creation, and expansion, of a permanent military force, spread across the empire and with each part loyal its own general, who was appointed by the Senate, added a military wing to those senatorial factions.
As the empire grew, so did the status of the senators, who gained most from the profits of war and conquest. This exacerbated rivalries between individuals, who also had more resources available to them. Members of the senatorial class were generally arrogant and unaccountable for their actions. Eventually, this would lead to the First Triumvirate 59-53 BC.
The acquisition of an empire required that Rome maintain a permanent military establishment in its provinces to cope with rebellions. These were often loyal to their commanders, rather than to the Senate in Rome, as in the cases of Marius (consul in 106 BC & 104-100 BC) and Sulla (consul in 88 BC, & dictator from 82-79 BC).
It is interesting to note that during Sulla's two year term as dictator, he was supposed to have had well over a thousand of his political opponents put to death. This resolved the problem of factions within the senate (discussed above), and Sulla was able to retire from office, eventually dying peacefully in his bed.
The legions were increasingly being recruited from the provinces, rather than consisting of men from Rome. Even by the 2nd century BC, many of these provinces were beginning to demand full Roman political status commensurate with their role in maintaining the empire. This would result in the the Social War in 91-88 BC.
At the same time, the expansion of citizenship was also substantial in the late Republic. In 129 BC the Roman census recorded some 294,000 (male) citizens. This number jumped to about half-a-million in the census of 84 BC (following the settlement of the Social War).
By the time of the census conducted by Augustus in 27 BC, that number had reached 5 million!
The senate had debated reforms, but these were too little too late.
Sources
Brunt, P. A: The Fall of the Roman Republic, Clarendon Press,
1988
Mouritsen, Henrik: Plebs and Politics in the Late Roman
Republic, Cambridge University Press, 2001
North, John: Politics and Aristocracy in the Roman Republic, in
Classical Philology, Volume 85, Number 4 | Oct., 1990
Pavkovic, Michael: The Army of the Roman Republic, Ashgate, 2006
Shotter, David: The Fall of the Roman Republic, Routledge, 2005
Vanderbroeck, Paul: Popular Leadership and Collective Behavior in
the Late Roman Republic, Amsterdam, 1987
|
Chinese property buyers moving away from Australia
Chinese real estate agents who previously sold only Australian property to their clients are switching their focus to the United States and Europe in response to higher taxes and tougher lending requirements.
“Australia has become too hard for buyers and agents,” said AC Property director Esther Yong.
She has just returned from a trip to Shanghai and Nanjing, where she was marketing some new property developments to Chinese agents.
“More than half of the agents we deal with are now asking us to give them property from another market, particularly the US and the UK. They can no longer rely solely on Australia.”
Melbourne-based AC Property, which runs a Chinese language real estate portal, works with about 400 property sales and migration agents across China, according to Ms Yong. The recent shift in the market has prompted AC Property to look at expanding to the US.
Risk Warning:
Please remember that financial investments may rise or fall and past performance does not guarantee future performance in respect of income or capital growth; you may not get back the amount you invested.
There is no obligation to purchase anything but, if you decide to do so, you are strongly advised to consult a professional adviser before making any investment decisions. |
Yerba Buena
With the cannabis sector expected to grow to a $21.8 billion industry by 2020, and projected exponential expansion of the legal adult-use marijuana market into 17 additional states this year, sustainability is arguably the biggest opportunity and challenge for the burgeoning marijuana sector. As a newly emerging market, the cannabis industry often gets labeled an […] |
614 F.3d 322 (2010)
AUTO-OWNERS INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
Joshua M. MUNROE, et al., Defendants-Appellants.
No. 09-3427.
United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.
Argued February 17, 2010.
Decided July 22, 2010.
*323 Daniel R. Price, Attorney (argued), Wham & Wham, Centralia, IL, for Plaintiff-Appellee.
Joseph R. Dulle, Attorney (argued), Stone, Leyton & Gershman, St. Louis, MO, for Defendants-Appellants.
Before RIPPLE, MANION, and SYKES, Circuit Judges.
MANION, Circuit Judge.
After Joshua Munroe and his wife entered a settlement agreement that released those who allegedly caused a severe tractor-trailer accident from any individual liability above their liability insurance coverage, Auto-Owners Insurance Company brought a declaratory judgment action to establish that the insurance policy limited coverage to $1,000,000. The district court agreed with Auto-Owners and granted its motion for summary judgment. The Munroes appeal, arguing that the coverage limit was higher either under the terms of the policy or under minimum limits required by the Motor Carriers Act. Because the policy unambiguously limits coverage to $1,000,000 and the federal minimum limits are inapplicable here, we affirm.
I.
On November 6, 2006, Joshua Munroe sustained significant injuries when the tractor-trailer he was driving in the northbound lane of Illinois Route 1 in Edgar County, Illinois, struck the rear of a southbound tractor-trailer driven by Monty Murphy, and then careened into a fiery head-on collision with Roger Snyder's tractor-trailer, which was following close behind. Murphy had been attempting to pass yet another tractor-trailer, this one operated by Gerald Sturgeon. When he saw Munroe approaching, Murphy attempted to pull back into his own lane but could not completely clear Munroe's lane. Munroe was air-lifted from the scene. He suffered severe burns and broken bones throughout his body and incurred medical expenses in excess of $474,000.
All three southbound trucks were owned and operated by Wayne Wilkens Trucking and had been traveling in convoy. All were covered under a single insurance policy issued by Auto-Owners. The policy declarations listed each of the tractor-trailers (and many others), and each declaration specified a limit of $1,000,000 for each *324 occurrence. The policy also contained a Combined Limit of Liability provision, which stated that the maximum total coverage was the $1,000,000 limit stated in the declarations, regardless of how many automobiles were listed in the declarations or involved in the accident.
Munroe and his wife sued Wilkens and the drivers of the tractor-trailers. They alleged that all three drivers acted negligently: Sturgeon by failing to yield and letting the second pass at a safe time and place, Murphy by passing when unsafe, and Snyder for following too closely and failing to avoid the head-on collision. All three tractor-trailers were allegedly exceeding the posted speed limit. Wilkens was allegedly negligent in hiring and training the drivers.
The Munroes entered a partial settlement agreement in which they agreed to release Wilkens and the drivers from any individual liability above their liability insurance coverage in exchange for $903,449.48, the remainder of the $1,000,000 coverage limit after property damage was paid to the owner of Munroe's tractor-trailer. The agreement acknowledged that Auto-Owners would seek a declaratory judgment that the limit of the liability insurance coverage under the policy was in fact $1,000,000. The Munroes reserved the right to proceed with their case if the court determined the coverage limit was greater than $1,000,000.
As anticipated, Auto-Owners brought the present suit for declaratory judgment against the Munroes. Both sides moved for summary judgment. The district court granted summary judgment to Auto-Owners, holding that the insurance policy unambiguously limited coverage to $1,000,000 for each occurrence and dismissing the Munroes' additional argument that federal law mandated at least $2.25 million insurance. The Munroes appeal.
II.
The Munroes advance two arguments. First, they argue that the Auto-Owners policy provided at least $3 million of coverage, either because each vehicle was subject to a separate $1,000,000 limit or because the accident constituted three separate occurrences, with a $1,000,000 limit each, due to the separate negligent acts of each of the drivers. Second, they argue that even if the policy is construed against them, federal law mandates at least $750,000 worth of insurance coverage for each vehicle and that we should read the policy as providing a minimum of $2.25 million coverage for this accident. We consider each argument in turn.
A.
We review the district court's grant of summary judgment, and its construction of the insurance policy, de novo. Ace Am. Ins. Co. v. RC2 Corp., 600 F.3d 763, 766 (7th Cir.2010). The parties agree that Illinois law governs the interpretation of the insurance policy in dispute. Like any contract, an insurance policy is construed according to the plain and ordinary meaning of its unambiguous terms. Nicor, Inc. v. Associated Elec. & Gas, 223 Ill.2d 407, 307 Ill.Dec. 626, 860 N.E.2d 280, 286 (2006). Ambiguity exists only where a term is susceptible to more than one reasonable interpretation. Id.
The insurance policy at issue in this case is not ambiguous. It provides up to $1,000,000 of coverage per occurrence for each insured vehicle. The policy contains a severability clause, which provides that the coverage applies separately to each person against whom a claim is made "except as to our limit of liability." The "Combined Limit of Liability" provision, which replaces the limit of liability provision *325 referenced in the severability clause, provides that the per-occurrence limit $1,000,000is the most that Auto-Owners will pay, "regardless of the number of automobiles shown in the Declarations ... or automobiles involved in the occurrence." While the Munroes attempt to find ambiguity, including in the terms "automobiles" and "combined," these contortions merit little discussion here: applied to the facts of this case, the unambiguous terms of the policy limit the coverage to $1,000,000 for each occurrence, notwithstanding the involvement of three Wilkens tractor-trailers.
Thus, the only question of any real substance is whether there was more than one "occurrence" here. The policy defines an occurrence using the same language that the Illinois courts have interpreted many times in the past: "an accident that results in bodily injury or property damage and includes, as one occurrence, all continuous or repeated exposure to substantially the same generally harmful conditions."
The parties agree that Illinois has adopted the "cause theory" to determine the number of occurrences under an insurance policy for purposes of coverage limitations of deductibles. Under the cause theory, the number of occurrences is determined according to the number of "separate and intervening human acts" giving rise to the claims under the policy. Nicor, 307 Ill.Dec. 626, 860 N.E.2d at 294.
But the cause theory (like the opposing effect theory) answers a question that presupposes there are several discrete events. All of the Illinois cases applying the cause theory involve multiple discrete events rather than an uninterrupted continuum: the only question is whether all of the discrete events should be attributed to a common cause. Most recently, for instance, the Illinois Supreme Court concluded that the deaths of two boys due to negligently maintained property constituted two occurrences despite a common cause under an exception to the cause theory. Addison Ins. Co. v. Fay, 232 Ill.2d 446, 328 Ill.Dec. 858, 905 N.E.2d 747, 756 (2009). Previously, in Nicor, the court found that there were multiple occurrences when separate negligent acts of various employees caused nearly two hundred discrete exposures to mercury contamination. 307 Ill.Dec. 626, 860 N.E.2d at 286. Before Nicor, the Illinois Appellate Court's relevant decisions all involved multiple claims or injuries. For example, the negligent manufacture and sale of asbestos building materials gave rise to a single occurrence despite many claims of exposure. U.S. Gypsum Co. v. Admiral Ins. Co., 268 Ill.App.3d 598, 205 Ill.Dec. 619, 643 N.E.2d 1226, 1259 (1994). And a single trucker caused two "occurrences" when his separate act of negligence following an initial collision with his tractor-trailer caused a second collision five minutes later. Illinois Nat'l. Ins. Co. v. Szczepkowicz, 185 Ill.App.3d 1091, 134 Ill.Dec. 90, 542 N.E.2d 90, 91 (1989).
Whether there is a single continuous event or several discrete events will not always be obvious, but in this case we have a helpful guidance from Illinois Appellate Court precedent. In Szczepkowicz, a truck driver stopped his tractor-trailer in the middle of a state highway, blocking both northbound lanes. 134 Ill.Dec. 90, 542 N.E.2d at 91. An automobile struck the rear wheels of the tractor-trailer, and the driver then moved his vehicle forward enough to free up most of one lane, but failed to completely remove the vehicle from the travel lanes. Id. Five minutes later, a second vehicle traveling northbound smashed into the side of the tractor-trailer. Id. Lawsuits arose from both collisions and the truck's insurer sued for a declaratory judgment to establish its maximum *326 liability. Id. The insurer argued that both collisions constituted a single accident, but the appellate court, applying the cause theory, held that the two collisions resulted from two separate causes: when the driver moved the tractor-trailer after the first collision, he negligently failed to clear all lanes, and this separate and intervening act caused a second accident five minutes later. Id. at 92. The two collisions were not the result of a "single force, nor an unbroken or uninterrupted continuum that, once set in motion, caused multiple injuries." Id.
None of these cases implies, as the Munroes claim, that the cause theory can be used to turn a single discrete event into multiple occurrences. Unlike Szczepkowicz, this case does involve a single force and an uninterrupted chain-reaction involving several vehicles, and thus a single continuous occurrence. Although there may have been several causes for the uninterrupted events, none of these causes occurred after the force that caused the injury had been set in motion. In other words, even if the causes could properly be called separate, none were intervening causes. All of them came together at the same time to produce a single set of circumstances that caused a single accident: Munroe's truck collided with one Wilkens truck and then, out of control, hit the following truck head-on. He has one claim against the trucking company and the drivers, allegedly caused by three separate acts of negligence. This single claim gives rise to a single occurrence under the insurance policy, with a $1,000,000 limit.
In sum, no Illinois court has held that a single claim or injury can give rise to multiple occurrences merely because several acts of negligence combined to produce a single result. There is no indication that the Illinois Supreme Court would reach such a result, contrary to common sense and the Illinois courts' own interpretation of the cause theory.
B.
The Munroes also argue that the federal Motor Carriers Act, 49 U.S.C. § 13906(f), and its implementing regulations, requires that the three Wilkens tractor-trailers involved in the accident have a combined coverage of at least $2.25 million. This is so, according to the Munroes, because Wilkens satisfied its obligation under federal law to ensure a minimum amount of funds is available to pay damages caused to the public by its trucks by including an MCS-90 endorsement in the insurance policy. The MCS-90 endorsement, they argue, requires a minimum of $750,000 coverage for each vehicle involved in the accident.
The MCS-90 provides that Auto-Owners "[a]grees to pay, within the limits of liability described [in the endorsement], any final judgment recovered against the insured for public liability resulting from negligence in the operation, maintenance or use of motor vehicles." The form also clearly states that "the limits of [Auto-Owner's] liability for the amounts prescribed in this endorsement apply separately, to each accident." While the endorsement in the record has not been filled in with a specific amount of coverage, the minimum coverage scheduled on the second page of the endorsement is $750,000 for a for-hire vehicle with a gross weight of 10,000 pounds or more carrying nonhazardous property.
No court, to our knowledge, has discussed how the MCS-90 applies when more than one insured vehicle under the same endorsement is involved in the same accidenta rather unusual set of facts, especially in this case. We are skeptical of the Munroes' argument that the MCS-90 applies per-vehicle as well as per-accident, in *327 light of our precedent applying the MCS-90 on a strictly per-accident basis even when an accident involves more than one injured party. See Carolina Cas. Ins. Co. v. Estate of Karpov, 559 F.3d 621, 625 (7th Cir.2009).
But we need not answer this question here because the MCS-90 is inapplicable for a more fundamental reason: there is no final judgment in this case, so Auto-Owners' payment obligation under the MCS-90 has not been triggered. Moreover, because the Munroes have agreed to release Wilkens from any liability beyond what the insurance policy provides, there will never be an unpaid final judgment in this case: the parties have settled and the underlying case will presumably be dismissed once this declaratory judgment action is complete. Under its terms, the MCS-90 simply requires an insurance company to pay "any final judgment recovered against the insured for public liability resulting from negligence in the operation... of motor vehicles subject to the financial responsibility provisions of [the Motor Carrier Act]."
The Munroes attempt to escape the impossibility of a triggering final judgment in this case by arguing that the MCS-90 requirements are relevant because they set the minimum insurance amounts, and that we should effectively amend the policy to provide that amount. But this is not how the MCS-90 works. The insurer guarantees payment of a final judgment against the insured, but "all terms, conditions and limitations in the policy to which the endorsement is attached shall remain in full force and effect as binding between the insured and the company." The payment obligation is broader than the policy itself and applies regardless of "whether or not each motor vehicle is specifically described in the policy," and despite any "condition, provision, stipulation, or limitation contained in the policy." Thus, an insurer is required to pay even if, for example, the insured operates a leased vehicle not shown in the declarations or the accident is caused by a type of event excluded by the policy. In other words, the MCS-90 does not modify the terms of the policy, but instead obliges the insurer to pay up to $750,000 of a final judgment regardless of the terms of the policy.
Rather than modify the policy to which it is attached, the MCS-90 creates a suretyship among the injured public, the insured, and the insurer, under which the insurer agrees to guarantee a minimum payment to the injured public, regardless of whether the injury would, in fact, be covered by the policy. See Carolina Cas. Ins. Co. v. Yeates, 584 F.3d 868, 881 (10th Cir.2009). Under this suretyship, the insurer is only obliged to pay what the insured actually owes, and then only if that debt arises from a final judgment. See id. at 881 ("The essence of suretyship is the undertaking to answer for the debt of another. The surety's liability is coextensive with that of the debtor and arises only when the debtor fails to discharge his duties or to respond in damages for that failure." (quoting Peter A. Alces, The Law of Suretyship and Guaranty § 1:1 (2009))). And, ultimately, the insured is liable for any payment beyond the policy limits: the MCS-90 expressly provides that "the insured agrees to reimburse the company for any payment made by the company ... for any payment that the company would not have been obligated to make under the provisions of the policy except for the agreement contained in this endorsement."
Because of this, when an injured claimant releases a motor carrier from liability beyond the coverage limits of its insurance policy, there can be no liability that the insurer is responsible for under the MCS-90. This is true regardless of whether the *328 settlement amount is greater or less than the liability limits mandated by the MCS-90. The MCS-90 guarantees payment of a final judgment up to a certain amount; it does not guarantee a minimum settlement amount.
Otherwise, the release would be ineffective: because the motor carrier would ultimately be responsible for the payment in excess of the policy limits, a finding of additional liability against the insurer would be tantamount to additional liability against the insured. Here, the Munroes released Wilkens from any liability above the coverage provided by the insurance policy, and Auto-Owners has agreed to pay its coverage limit under the policy, which we have determined to be $1,000,000 and which is unaffected by the MCS-90. Therefore, there never will be an unpaid final judgment for more than $1,000,000 in this case.
III.
Accordingly, we hold that the insurance policy unambiguously limits coverage to $1,000,000 per occurrence and that there was a single occurrence in this case because there was a single continuous event. Further, the MCS-90 endorsement does not affect Auto-Owners' liability because it applies only if triggered by an unpaid final judgment against Wilkens. Therefore, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court.
|
Modern C++ from ground up - prisionif
https://github.com/jrziviani/C-Moderno/wiki/3.-Object-Oriented---II
======
prisionif
A new wiki based on github on how to write programs using modern C++. It
starts with a base knowledge up to details on how atoms are implemented in
different architectures.
|
# AttentionExplanation
This is code for the project : https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.10186 .
We will be updating it in coming weeks to include instructions on how to download and process the data and run the experiments.
Prerequisties
--------------
This project requires compiling `pytorch` from source master branch or use `pytorch-nightly`. We use features that are not in stable release. It also requires installation of torchtext version 0.4.0 from source.
After installation of above, please use `pip install -r requirements.txt`.
Also, `python -m spacy download en` to include the english language pack for spacy if not already present.
Update
------
We are providing code to run experiments on all datasets . For obtaining ADR tweets data, please contact us directly (a large portion of tweets we have used in this experiments have been removed from twitter website).
1. Clone the repository as `git clone https://github.com/successar/AttentionExplanation.git Transparency` (Note this is important.)
2. Set your PYTHONPATH to include the directory path which contains this repository (All imports in the code are of form Transparency.* -- If you see error `ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Transparency'`, most probably your PYTHONPATH is not set.).
For example if your cloned repository reside in `/home/username/Transparency`, then one way to do this is `export PYTHONPATH="/home/username"` from command line or add it to your `~/.bashrc` .
3. Go to the `Transparency/preprocess` folder and follow the instructions to process datasets.
To run Binary Classification Tasks,
----------------------------------
1. From the main folder, run `python train_and_run_experiments_bc.py --dataset {dataset_name} --data_dir . --output_dir outputs/ --attention {attention_type} --encoder {encoder_type}`
Valid values for `dataset_name` are `[sst, imdb, 20News_sports, tweet, Anemia, Diabetes, AgNews]`.
Valid values for `encoder_type` is `[cnn, lstm, average]`.
Valid values for `attention_type` is `[tanh, dot]`.
For example, if you want to run experiments for IMDB dataset with CNN encoder and Tanh attention, please use `python train_and_run_experiments_bc.py --dataset imdb --data_dir . --output_dir outputs/ --attention tanh --encoder cnn`
To run QA or SNLI tasks,
------------------------
1. From the main folder, run `python train_and_run_experiments_qa.py --dataset {dataset_name} --data_dir . --output_dir outputs/ --attention {attention_type} --encoder {encoder_type}`
Valid values for `dataset_name` are `[snli, cnn, babi_1, babi_2, babi_3]`.
Valid values for `encoder_type` is `[cnn, lstm, average]`.
Valid values for `attention_type` is `[tanh, dot]`.
For example, if you want to run experiments for snli dataset with LSTM encoder and Tanh attention, please use `python train_and_run_experiments_bc.py --dataset snli --data_dir . --output_dir outputs/ --attention tanh --encoder lstm`
Outputs
--------
Both BC and QA tasks will generate the graphs used in paper in the folder `Transparency/graph_outputs` .
You can also browse our graphs here -- https://successar.github.io/AttentionExplanation/docs/ .
|
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// This file is part of dvisvgm -- a fast DVI to SVG converter //
// Copyright (C) 2005-2020 Martin Gieseking <martin.gieseking@uos.de> //
// //
// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or //
// modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as //
// published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of //
// the License, or (at your option) any later version. //
// //
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but //
// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of //
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the //
// GNU General Public License for more details. //
// //
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License //
// along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. //
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
dvisvgm(1)
==========
Martin Gieseking <@PACKAGE_BUGREPORT@>
:man source: dvisvgm
:man version: @VERSION@
:man manual: dvisvgm Manual
:revdate: 2020-08-23 09:04 +0200
Name
----
dvisvgm - converts DVI and EPS files to the XML-based SVG format
Synopsis
--------
*dvisvgm* [ 'options' ] 'file' [.dvi]
*dvisvgm* --eps [ 'options' ] 'file' [.eps]
*dvisvgm* --pdf [ 'options' ] 'file' [.pdf]
Description
-----------
The command-line utility *dvisvgm* converts DVI files, as generated by TeX/LaTeX, to the
XML-based scalable vector graphics format SVG. It supports the classic DVI version 2 as
well as version 3 (created by pTeX in vertical mode), and the XeTeX versions 5 to 7 which are
also known as XDV. Besides the basic DVI commands, dvisvgm also evaluates many so-called
'specials' which heavily extend the capabilities of the plain DVI format. For a more detailed
overview, see section <<specials,*Supported Specials*>> below.
Since the current SVG standard 1.1 doesn't specify multi-page graphics, dvisvgm creates
separate SVG files for each DVI page. Because of compatibility reasons, only the first page
is converted by default. In order to select a different page or arbitrary page sequences,
use option *-p* which is described below.
SVG is a vector-based graphics format and therefore dvisvgm tries to convert the glyph outlines
of all fonts referenced in a DVI page section to scalable path descriptions. The fastest way
to achieve this is to extract the path information from vector-based font files available in
PFB, TTF, or OTF format. If dvisvgm is able to find such a file, it extracts all necessary
outline information about the glyphs from it.
However, TeX's main source for font descriptions is Metafont, which produces bitmap output
(GF files). That's why not all obtainable TeX fonts are available in a scalable format.
In these cases, dvisvgm tries to vectorize Metafont's output by tracing the glyph bitmaps.
The results are not as perfect as most (manually optimized) PFB or OTF counterparts, but are
nonetheless really nice in most cases.
When running dvisvgm without option *--no-fonts*, it creates 'font' elements (+<font>+...+</font>+)
to embed the font data into the SVG files. Unfortunately, only few SVG renderers support these
elements yet. Most web browsers and vector graphics applications don't evaluate them properly so
that the text components of the resulting graphics might look strange. In order to create more
compatible SVG files, command-line option *--no-fonts* can be given to replace the font elements
by plain graphics paths. Most web browsers (but only few external SVG renderers) also suppport
WOFF and WOFF2 fonts that can be used instead of the default SVG fonts. Option *--font-format*
offers the functionality to change the format applied to the fonts being embedded. This, however,
only works when converting DVI files. Text present in PDF and PostScript files is always
converted to path elements.
Options
-------
dvisvgm provides a POSIX-compliant command-line interface with short and long option names.
They may be given before and/or after the name of the file to be converted. Also, the order of
specifying the options is not significant, i.e. you can add them in any order without changing
dvisvgm's behavior. Certain options accept or require additional parameters which are directly
appended to or separated by whitespace from a short option (e.g. +-v0+ or +-v 0+). Long options
require an additional equals sign (+=+) between option name and argument but without any surrounding
whitespace (e.g. +--verbosity=0+). Multiple short options that don't expect a further parameter can
be combined after a single dash (e.g. +-ejs+ rather than +-e -j -s+).
Long option names may also be shortened by omitting trailing characters. As long as the shortened
name is unambiguous, it's recognized and applied. For example, option +--exact-bbox+ can be shortened
to +--exact+, +--exa+, or +--ex+. In case of an ambiguous abbreviation, dvisvgm prints an error
message together with all matching option names.
*-b, --bbox*='fmt'::
Sets the bounding box of the generated SVG graphic to the specified format. This option only affects
the conversion of DVI files. SVG documents generated from PDF and PostScript always inherit the
bounding boxes of the input files.
+
Parameter 'fmt' takes either one of the format specifiers listed below, or a sequence of four comma-
or whitespace-separated length values 'x1', 'y1', 'x2' and 'y2'. The latter define the absolute
coordinates of two diagonal corners of the bounding box. Each length value consists of a floating
point number and an optional length unit (pt, bp, cm, mm, in, pc, dd, cc, or sp). If the unit is
omitted, TeX points (pt) are assumed.
+
It's also possible to give only one length value 'l'. In this case, the minimal bounding box
is computed and enlarged by adding (-'l',-'l') to the upper left and ('l','l') to the lower
right corner.
+
Additionally, dvisvgm also supports the following format specifiers:
*International DIN/ISO paper sizes*;;
A__n__, B__n__, C__n__, D__n__, where 'n' is a non-negative integer, e.g. A4 or a4 for DIN/ISO A4
format (210mm × 297mm).
*North American paper sizes*;;
invoice, executive, legal, letter, ledger
*Special bounding box sizes*;;
[horizontal]
*dvi* ::: page size stored in the DVI file
*min* ::: computes the minimal/tightest bounding box
*none* ::: no bounding box is assigned
*papersize* ::: box sizes specified by 'papersize' specials present in the DVI file
*preview* ::: bounding box data computed by the preview package (if present in the DVI file)
//
*Page orientation*;;
The default page orientation for DIN/ISO and American paper sizes is 'portrait',
i.e. 'width' < 'height'. Appending *-landscape* or simply *-l* to the format
string switches to 'landscape' mode ('width' > 'height'). For symmetry reasons you can
also explicitly add *-portrait* or *-p* to indicate the default portrait format.
Note that these suffixes are part of the size string and not separate options. Thus,
they must directly follow the size specifier without additional blanks.
Furthermore, the orientation suffixes can't be used with *dvi*, *min*, and *none*.
+
[NOTE]
Option *-b, --bbox* only affects the bounding box and does not transform the page content.
Hence, if you choose a landscape format, the page won't be rotated.
+
//
//
*-B, --bitmap-format*='fmt'::
This option sets the image format used to embed bitmaps extracted from PostScript or PDF data.
By default, dvisvgm embeds all bitmaps as JPEG images because it's the most compact of the two formats
supported by SVG. To select the alternative lossless PNG format, *--bitmap-format=png* can be used.
There are some more format variants dvisvgm currently supports even though +jpeg+ and +png+ should be
sufficient in most cases. The following list gives an overview of the known format names which
correspond to names of Ghostscript output devices.
+
--
[horizontal]
*none* ::: disable processing of bitmap images
*jpeg* ::: color JPEG format
*jpeggray* ::: grayscale JPEG format
*png* ::: grayscale or 24-bit color PNG format depending on current color space
*pnggray* ::: grayscale PNG format
*pngmono* ::: black-and-white PNG format
*pngmonod* ::: dithered black-and-white PNG format
*png16* ::: 4-bit color PNG format
*png256* ::: 8-bit color PNG format
*png16m* ::: 24-bit color PNG format
--
+
Since the collection of supported output devices can vary among local Ghostscript installations,
not all formats may be available in some environments. dvisvgm quits with a PostScript error message
if the selected output format requires a locally unsupported output device.
+
The two JPEG format specifiers accept an optional parameter to set the IJG quality level
which must directly follow the format specifier separated by a colon, e.g. *--bitmap-format=jpeg:50*.
The quality value is an integer between 0 and 100. Higher values result in better image quality but
lower compression rates and therefore larger files. The default quality level is 75 which is applied
if no quality parameter is given or if it's set to 0.
*-C, --cache*[='dir']::
To speed up the conversion process of bitmap fonts, dvisvgm saves intermediate conversion
information in cache files. By default, these files are stored in +$XDG_CACHE_HOME/dvisvgm/+
or +$HOME/.cache/dvisvgm+ if +XDG_CACHE_HOME+ is not set.
If you prefer a different location, use option *--cache* to overwrite the default. Furthermore,
it is also possible to disable the font caching mechanism completely with option *--cache=none*.
If argument 'dir' is omitted, dvisvgm prints the path of the default cache directory together
with further information about the stored fonts. Additionally, outdated and corrupted cache files
are removed.
*-j, --clipjoin*::
This option tells dvisvgm to compute all intersections of clipping paths itself rather than
delegating this task to the SVG renderer. The resulting SVG files are more portable because
some SVG viewers don't support intersecting clipping paths which are defined by 'clipPath'
elements containing a 'clip-path' attribute.
*--color*::
Enables colorization of messages printed during the conversion process. The colors can be
customized via environment variable *DVISVGM_COLORS*. See the <<environment, Environment section>>
below for further information.
*--colornames*::
By default, dvisvgm exclusively uses RGB values of the form '#RRGGBB' or '#RGB' to represent
colors in the SVG file. The latter is a short form for colors whose RGB components each
consist of two identical hex digits, e.g. +#123+ equals +#112233+.
According to the SVG standard, it's also possible to use color names (like +black+ and +darkblue+)
for a limited number of https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/types.html#ColorKeywords[predefined colors].
In order to apply these color names rather than their RGB values, call dvisvgm with option
*--colornames*. All colors without an SVG color name will still be represented by RGB values.
*--comments*::
Adds comments with further information about selected data to the SVG file. Currently, only
font elements and font CSS rules related to native fonts are annotated.
*-E, --eps*::
If this option is given, dvisvgm does not expect a DVI but an EPS input file, and tries to convert
it to SVG. In order to do so, a single 'psfile' special command is created and forwarded to the
PostScript special handler.
This option is only available if dvisvgm was built with PostScript support enabled, and requires
Ghostscript to be available. See option *--libgs* for further information.
*-e, --exact-bbox*::
This option tells dvisvgm to compute the precise bounding box of each character. By default,
the values stored in a font's TFM file are used to determine a glyph's extent. As these values are
intended to implement optimal character placements and are not designed to represent the exact
dimensions, they don't necessarily correspond with the bounds of the visual glyphs. Thus, width
and/or height of some glyphs may be larger (or smaller) than the respective TFM values. As a result,
this can lead to clipped characters at the bounds of the SVG graphics. With option *--exact-bbox*
given, dvisvgm analyzes the actual shape of each character and derives a usually tight bounding box.
*-f, --font-format*='format'::
Selects the file format used to embed font data into the generated SVG output when converting DVI
files. It has no effect when converting PDF or PostScript files. Text fragments present in these
files are always converted to path elements.
+
Following formats are supported: +SVG+ (that's the default), +TTF+ (TrueType), +WOFF+, and +WOFF2+
(Web Open Font Format version 1 and 2).
By default, dvisvgm creates unhinted fonts that might look bad on low-resolution devices. In order to
improve the display quality, the generated TrueType, WOFF, or WOFF2 fonts can be autohinted. The
autohinter is enabled by appending +,autohint+ or +,ah+ to the font format,
e.g. +--font-format=woff,autohint+ or +--fwoff,ah+.
+
Option *--font-format* is only available if dvisvgm was built with WOFF support enabled.
*-m, --fontmap*='filenames'::
Loads and evaluates a single font map file or a sequence of font map files. These files are required
to resolve font file names and encodings. dvisvgm does not provide its own map files but tries to read
available ones coming with dvips or dvipdfm. If option *--fontmap* is omitted, dvisvgm looks for the
default map files 'ps2pk.map', 'pdftex.map', 'dvipdfm.map', and 'psfonts.map' (in this order).
Otherwise, the files given as option arguments are evaluated in the given order. Multiple filenames
must be separated by commas without leading and/or trailing whitespace.
+
By default, redefined mappings do not replace previous ones. However, each filename can be preceded by
an optional mode specifier (*+*, *-*, or *=*) to change this behavior:
+mapfile;;
Only those entries in the given map file that don't redefine a font mapping are applied, i.e.
fonts already mapped keep untouched. That's also the default mode if no mode specifier is given.
-mapfile;;
Ensures that none of the font mappings defined in the given map file are used, i.e. previously
defined mappings for the specified fonts are removed.
=mapfile;;
All mappings defined in the map file are applied. Previously defined settings for the same fonts
are replaced.
+
If the first filename in the filename sequence is preceded by a mode specifier, dvisvgm loads the
default font map (see above) and applies the other map files afterwards. Otherwise, none of default
map files will be loaded automatically.
+
Examples: +--fontmap=myfile1.map,+myfile2.map+ loads 'myfile1.map' followed by 'myfile2.map' where all
redefinitions of `myfile2.map` are ignored.
+--fontmap==myfile1.map,-myfile2.map+ loads the default map file followed by 'myfile1.map' and 'myfile2.map'
where all redefinitions of 'myfile1.map' replace previous entries. Afterwards, all definitions for the fonts
given in 'myfile2.map' are removed from the font map tree.
+
For further information about the map file formats and the mode specifiers, see the manuals of
https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html[dvips] and https://ctan.org/tex-archive/dviware/dvipdfm[dvipdfm].
*--grad-overlap*::
Tells dvisvgm to create overlapping grid segments when approximating color gradient fills (also see
option *--grad-segments* below). By default, adjacent segments don't overlap but only touch each other
like separate tiles. However, this alignment can lead to visible gaps between the segments
because the background color usually influences the color at the boundary of the segments if the
SVG renderer uses anti-aliasing to create smooth contours.
One way to avoid this and to create seamlessly touching color regions is to enlarge the segments so
that they extend into the area of their right and bottom neighbors. Since the latter are drawn on top
of the overlapping parts, the visible size of all segments keeps unchanged. Just the former gaps
disappear as the background is now completely covered by the correct colors.
Currently, dvisvgm computes the overlapping segments separately for each patch of the mesh (a patch mesh
may consist of multiple patches of the same type). Therefore, there still might be visible gaps
at the seam of two adjacent patches.
*--grad-segments*='number'::
Determines the maximal number of segments per column and row used to approximate gradient color fills.
Since SVG 1.1 only supports a small subset of the shading algorithms available in PostScript,
dvisvgm approximates some of them by subdividing the area to be filled into smaller, monochromatic
segments. Each of these segments gets the average color of the region it covers. Thus, increasing the
number of segments leads to smaller monochromatic areas and therefore a better approximation of the
actual color gradient. As a drawback, more segments imply bigger SVG files because every segment is
represented by a separate path element.
+
Currently, dvisvgm supports free- and lattice-form triangular patch meshes as well as Coons and
tensor-product patch meshes. They are approximated by subdividing the area of each patch into a
__n__×__n__ grid of smaller segments. The maximal number of segments per column and row can be
changed with option *--grad-segments*.
*--grad-simplify*='delta'::
If the size of the segments created to approximate gradient color fills falls below the given delta
value, dvisvgm reduces their level of detail. For example, Bézier curves are replaced by straight
lines, and triangular segments are combined to tetragons. For a small 'delta', these simplifications
are usually not noticeable but reduce the size of the generated SVG files significantly.
*-h, --help*[='mode']::
Prints a short summary of all available command-line options. The optional 'mode' parameter is
an integer value between 0 and 2. It selects the display variant of the help text. Mode 0
lists all options divided into categories with section headers. This is also the default if
dvisvgm is called without parameters. Mode 1 lists all options ordered by the short option names,
while mode 2 sorts the lines by the long option names.
+
A values in brackets after the description text indicate the default parameter of the option. They
are applied if an option with a mandatory parameter is not used or if an optional parameter is omitted.
For example, option *--bbox* requires a size parameter which defaults to +min+ if *--bbox* is not
used. Option *--zip*, which isn't applied by default, accepts an optional compression level parameter.
If it's omitted, the stated default value 9 is used.
*--keep*::
Disables the removal of temporary files as created by Metafont (usually .gf, .tfm, and .log files) or
the TrueType/WOFF module.
*--libgs*='path'::
This option is only available if the Ghostscript library is not directly linked to dvisvgm and if
PostScript support was not completely disabled during compilation. In this case, dvisvgm tries
to load the shared GS library dynamically during runtime. By default, it expects the library's name
to be +libgs.so.X+ (on Unix-like systems, where +X+ is the ABI version of the library) or
+gsdll32.dll+/+gsdll64.dll+ (Windows). If dvisvgm doesn't find the library, option *--libgs* can be
used to specify the correct path and filename, e.g. +--libgs=/usr/local/lib/libgs.so.9+ or
+--libgs=\gs\gs9.25\bin\gsdll64.dll+.
+
Alternatively, it's also possible to assign the path to environment variable *LIBGS*, e.g.
+export LIBGS=/usr/local/lib/libgs.so.9+ or +set LIBGS=\gs\gs9.25\bin\gsdll63.dll+. *LIBGS* has
less precedence than the command-line option, i.e. dvisvgm ignores variable *LIBGS* if *--libgs*
is given.
*-L, --linkmark*='style'::
Selects the method how to mark hyperlinked areas. The 'style' argument can take one of the values
'none', 'box', and 'line', where 'box' is the default, i.e. a rectangle is drawn around
the linked region if option *--linkmark* is omitted. Style argument 'line' just draws the lower edge of
the bounding rectangle, and 'none' tells dvisvgm not to add any visible objects to hyperlinks.
The lines and boxes get the current text color selected. In order to apply a different, constant color,
a colon followed by a color specifier can be appended to the style string. A 'color specifier' is either
a hexadecimal RGB value of the form '#RRGGBB', or a
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Colors#The_68_standard_colors_known_to_dvips[dvips color name].
+
Moreover, argument 'style' can take a single color specifier to highlight the linked region by
a frameless box filled with that color. An optional second color specifier separated by a colon
selects the frame color.
+
Examples: +box:red+ or +box:#ff0000+ draws red boxes around the linked areas. +yellow:blue+ creates
yellow filled rectangles with blue frames.
*-l, --list-specials*::
Prints a list of registered special handlers and exits. Each handler processes a set of special
statements belonging to the same category. In most cases, the categories are identified by the
prefix of the special statements. It's usually a leading string followed by a colon or a blank,
e.g. 'color' or 'ps'. The listed handler names, however, don't need to match these prefixes, e.g.
if there is no common prefix or if functionality is split into separate handlers in order to allow
to disable them separately with option *--no-specials*. All special statements not covered by one
of the special handlers are silently ignored.
*-M, --mag*='factor'::
Sets the magnification factor applied in conjunction with Metafont calls prior tracing the glyphs.
The larger this value, the better the tracing results. Nevertheless, large magnification values
can cause Metafont arithmetic errors due to number overflows. So, use this option with care.
The default setting usually produces nice results.
*--no-merge*::
Puts every single character in a separate 'text' element with corresponding 'x' and 'y' attributes.
By default, new 'text' or 'tspan' elements are only created if a string starts at a location that
differs from the regular position defined by the characters' advance values.
*--no-mktexmf*::
Suppresses the generation of missing font files. If dvisvgm can't find a font file
through the kpathsea lookup mechanism, it calls the external tools 'mktextfm' or 'mktexmf'.
This option disables these calls.
*-n, --no-fonts*[='variant']::
If this option is given, dvisvgm doesn't create SVG 'font' elements but uses 'paths' instead. The
resulting SVG files tend to be larger but are concurrently more compatible with most applications that
don't support SVG fonts. The optional argument 'variant' selects the method how to substitute fonts
by paths. Variant 0 creates 'path' and 'use' elements in order to avoid lengthy duplicates.
Variant 1 creates 'path' elements only.
Option *--no-fonts* implies *--no-styles*.
*-c, --scale*='sx'[,'sy']::
Scales the page content horizontally by 'sx' and vertically by 'sy'. This option is equivalent
to *-TS*'sx','sy'.
*-S, --no-specials*[='names']::
Disable processing of special commands embedded in the DVI file. If no further parameter is given,
all specials are ignored. To disable a selected set of specials, an optional comma-separated list
of names can be appended to this option. A 'name' is the unique identifier referencing the intended
special handler as listed by option *--list-specials*.
*--no-styles*::
By default, dvisvgm creates CSS styles and class attributes to reference fonts. This variant is
more compact than adding the complete font information to each text element over and over again.
However, if you prefer direct font references, the default behavior can be disabled with
option *--no-styles*.
*-O, --optimize*[='modules']::
Applies several optimizations on the generated SVG tree to reduce the file size. The optimizations
are performed by running separate optimizer modules specified by optional argument 'modules'.
It may consist of a single module name or a comma-separated list of several module names.
The corresponding modules are executed one by one in the given order and thus transform the
XML tree gradually.
+
The following list describes the currently available optimizer modules.
*list*;;
Lists all available optimizer modules and exits.
*none*;;
If this argument is given, dvisvgm doesn't apply any optimization. *none* can't be combined
with other module names.
*all*;;
Performs all optimizations listed below. This is also the default if option *--optimize* is
used without argument. The modules are executed in a predefined order that usually leads to the
best results. *all* can't be combined with other module names.
*collapse-groups*;;
Combines nested group elements (+<g>+...+</g>+) that contain only a single group each. If possible,
the group attributes are moved to the outermost element of the processed subtree. This module also
unwraps group elements that have no attributes at all.
*group-attributes*;;
Creates groups (+<g>+...+</g>+) for common attributes around adjacent elements. Each attribute is
moved to a separate group so that multiple common attributes lead to nested groups. They can be
combined by applying optimizer module 'collapse-groups' afterwards. The algorithm only takes
inheritable properties, such as +fill+ or +stroke-width+, into account and only removes them from
an element if none of the other attributes, like +id+, prevents this.
*remove-clippath*;;
Removes all redundant 'clipPath' elements. This optimization was already present in former versions
of dvisvgm and was always applied by default. This behavior is retained, i.e. dvisvgm executes
this module even if option *--optimize* is not given. You can use argument 'none' to prevent that.
*simplify-text*;;
If a +text+ element only contains whitespace nodes and +tspan+ elements, all common inheritable
attributes of the latter are moved to the enclosing text element. All +tspan+ elements without
further attributes are unwrapped.
*simplify-transform*;;
Tries to shorten all 'transform' attributes. This module combines the transformation commands of
each attribute and decomposes the resulting transformation matrix into a sequence of basic
transformations, i.e. translation, scaling, rotation, and skewing. If this sequence is shorter
than the equivalent 'matrix' expression, it's assigned to the attribute. Otherwise, the matrix
expression is used.
*-o, --output*='pattern'::
Sets the pattern specifying the names of the generated SVG files. Parameter 'pattern' is a string
that may contain static character sequences as well as the variables +%f+, +%p+, +%P+, +%hd+,
+%ho+, and +%hc+. +%f+ expands to the base name of the DVI file, i.e. the filename without
suffix, +%p+ is the current page number, and +%P+ the total number of pages in the DVI file. An
optional number (0-9) given directly after the percent sign specifies the minimal number of digits
to be written. If a particular value consists of less digits, the number is padded with leading
zeros. Example: +%3p+ enforces 3 digits for the current page number (001, 002, etc.). Without an
explicit width specifier, +%p+ gets the same number of digits as +%P+.
+
If you need more control over the numbering, you can use arithmetic expressions as part of a pattern.
The syntax is +%(+'expr'+)+ where 'expr' may contain additions, subtractions, multiplications, and
integer divisions with common precedence. The variables *p* and *P* contain the current page number
and the total number of pages, respectively. For example, +--output="%f-%(p-1)"+ creates filenames
where the numbering starts with 0 rather than 1.
+
The variables +%hX+ contain different hash values computed from the DVI page data and the options
given on the command-line. +%hd+ and +%hc+ are only set if option *--page-hashes* is present.
Otherwise, it's empty. For further information, see the description of option *--page-hashes* below.
+
The default pattern is +%f-%p.svg+ if the DVI file consists of more than one page, and
+%f.svg+ otherwise. That means, a DVI file 'foo.dvi' is converted to 'foo.svg' if 'foo.dvi'
is a single-page document. Otherwise, multiple SVG files 'foo-01.svg', 'foo-02.svg', etc. are
produced. In Windows environments, the percent sign indicates dereferenced environment
variables, and must therefore be protected by a second percent sign, e.g. +--output=%%f-%%p+.
*-p, --page*='ranges'::
This option selects the pages to be processed. Parameter 'ranges' consists of a comma-separated
list of single page numbers and/or page ranges. A page range is a pair of numbers separated by
a hyphen, e.g. 5-12. Thus, a page sequence might look like this: 2-4,6,9-12,15. It doesn't matter
if a page is given more than once or if page ranges overlap. dvisvgm always extracts the page
numbers in ascending order and converts them only once.
In order to stay compatible with previous versions, the default page sequence is 1. dvisvgm
therefore converts only the first page and not the whole document if option *--page* is omitted.
Usually, page ranges consist of two numbers denoting the first and last page to be converted.
If the conversion should start at page 1, or if it should continue up to the last DVI page, the
first or second range number can be omitted, respectively. Example: +--page=-10+ converts all
pages up to page 10, +--page=10-+ converts all pages starting with page 10.
Please consider that the page values don't refer to the page numbers printed on the
corresponding page. Instead, the physical page count is expected, where the first page always
gets number 1.
*-H, --page-hashes*[='params']::
If this option is given, dvisvgm computes hash values of all pages to be processed. As long as the
page contents don't change, the hash value of that page stays the same. This property can be used
to determine whether a DVI page must be converted again or can be skipped in consecutive runs of
dvisvgm. This is done by propagating the hash value to variable +%hd+ which can be accessed in
the output pattern (see option *--output*). By default, dvisvgm changes the output pattern to
+%f-%hd+ if option *--page-hashes* is given. As a result, all SVG file names contain the hash
value instead of the page number. When calling dvisvgm again with option *--page-hashes* with the
same output pattern, it checks the existence of the SVG file to be created and skips the conversion
if it's already present. This also applies for consecutive calls of dvisvgm with different
command-line parameters. If you want to force another conversion of a DVI file that hasn't changed,
you must remove the corresponding SVG files beforehand or add the parameter +replace+ (see below).
If you manually set the output pattern to not contain a hash value, the conversion won't be skipped.
+
Alternatively, the output pattern may contain the variables +%ho+ and +%hc+. +%ho+ expands to a
32-bit hash representing the given command-line options that affect the generated SVG output, like
*--no-fonts* and *--precision*. Different combinations of options and parameters lead to different
hashes. Thus pattern +%f-%hd-%ho+ creates filenames that change depending on the DVI data and
the given command-line options. Variable +%hc+ provides a combined hash computed from the DVI data
and the command-line options. It has the same length as +%hd+.
+
Since the page number isn't part of the file name by default, different DVI pages with identical
contents get the same file name. Therefore, only the first one is converted while the others are
skipped. To create separate files for each page, you can add the page number to the output pattern,
e.g. +--output="%f-%p-%hc"+.
+
By default, dvisvgm uses the fast XXH64 hash algorithm to compute the values provided through +%hd+ and
+%hc+. 64-bit hashes should be sufficient for most documents with an average size of pages. Alternatively,
XXH32 and MD5 can be used as well. The desired algorithm is specified by argument 'params' of option
*--page-hashes*. It takes one of the strings +MD5+, +XXH32+, and +XXH64+, where the names can be given
in lower case too, like +--page-hashes=md5+. Since version 0.7.1, xxHash provides an experimental 128-bit
hash function whose algorithm has been stabilized as of version 0.8. When using a version prior to 0.8,
the 128-bit hash values can vary depending on the used xxHash version. If the corresponding API is
available, dvisvgm supports the new hash function, and option *--page-hashes* additionally accepts the
algorithm specifier +XXH128+.
+
Finally, option *--page-hashes* can take a second argument that must be separated by a comma.
Currently, only the two parameters 'list' and 'replace' are evaluated, e.g. +--page-hashes=md5,list+
or +--page-hashes=replace+. When 'list' is present, dvisvgm doesn't perform any conversion but just
lists the hash values +%hd+ and +%hc+ of the pages specified by option *--page*. Parameter 'replace'
forces dvisvgm to convert a DVI page even if a file with the target name already exists.
*-P, --pdf*::
If this option is given, dvisvgm does not expect a DVI but a PDF input file, and tries to convert
it to SVG. Similar to the conversion of DVI files, only the first page is processed by default.
Option *--page* can be used to select different pages, page ranges, and/or page sequences.
The conversion is realized by creating a single 'pdffile' special command which is forwarded to
the PostScript special handler. Therefore, this option is only available if dvisvgm was built
with PostScript support enabled, and requires Ghostscript to be accessible. See option *--libgs*
for further information.
*-d, --precision*='digits'::
Specifies the maximal number of decimal places applied to floating-point attribute values.
All attribute values written to the generated SVG file(s) are rounded accordingly. The
parameter 'digits' accepts integer values from 0 to 6, where 0 enables the automatic selection
of significant decimal places. This is also the default value if dvisvgm is called without
option *--precision*.
*--progress*[='delay']::
Enables a simple progress indicator shown when time-consuming operations like PostScript specials
are processed. The indicator doesn't appear before the given delay (in seconds) has elapsed.
The default delay value is 0.5 seconds.
*-r, --rotate*='angle'::
Rotates the page content clockwise by 'angle' degrees around the page center.
This option is equivalent to *-TR*'angle'.
*-R, --relative*::
SVG allows to define graphics paths by a sequence of absolute and/or relative path commands,
i.e. each command expects either absolute coordinates or coordinates relative to the
current drawing position. By default, dvisvgm creates paths made up of absolute commands.
If option *--relative* is given, relative commands are created instead. This slightly reduces
the size of the SVG files in most cases.
*--stdin*::
Tells dvisvgm to read the DVI or EPS input data from *stdin* instead from a file. Alternatively
to option *--stdin*, a single dash (-) can be given. The default name of the generated SVG file
is 'stdin.svg' which can be changed with option *--output*.
*-s, --stdout*::
Don't write the SVG output to a file but redirect it to *stdout*.
*--tmpdir*[='path']::
In some cases, dvisvgm needs to create temporary files to work properly. These files go to
the system's temporary folder by default, e.g. +/tmp+ on Linux systems. Option *--tmpdir*
allows to specify a different location if necessary for some reason. Please note that dvisvgm
does not create this folder, so you must ensure that it actually exists before running dvisvgm.
+
If the optional parameter 'path' is omitted, dvisvgm prints the location of the system's
temp folder and exits.
*-a, --trace-all*=['retrace']::
This option forces dvisvgm to vectorize not only the glyphs actually required to render the
SVG file correctly – which is the default –, but processes all glyphs of all fonts referenced in
the DVI file. Because dvisvgm stores the tracing results in a font cache, all following conversions
of these fonts will speed up significantly.
The boolean option 'retrace' determines how to handle glyphs already stored in the cache.
By default, these glyphs are skipped. Setting argument 'retrace' to 'yes' or 'true' forces dvisvgm
to retrace the corresponding bitmaps again.
+
[NOTE]
This option only takes effect if font caching is active. Therefore, *--trace-all* cannot be
combined with option *--cache=none*.
+
*-T, --transform*='commands'::
Applies a sequence of transformations to the SVG content. Each transformation is described
by a 'command' beginning with a capital letter followed by a list of comma-separated
parameters. Following transformation commands are supported:
*T* 'tx'[,'ty'];;
Translates (moves/shifts) the page in direction of vector ('tx','ty'). If 'ty' is omitted,
'ty'=0 is assumed.
The expected unit length of 'tx' and 'ty' are TeX points (1pt = 1/72.27in). However, there
are several constants defined to simplify the unit conversion (see below).
*S* 'sx'[,'sy'];;
Scales the page horizontally by 'sx' and vertically by 'sy'. If 'sy' is omitted,
'sy'='sx' is assumed.
*R* 'angle'[,'x','y'];;
Rotates the page clockwise by 'angle' degrees around point ('x','y'). If the optional
arguments 'x' and 'y' are omitted, the page will be rotated around its center depending on
the chosen page format. When option *-bnone* is given, the rotation center is origin (0,0).
*KX* 'angle';;
Skews the page along the 'x'-axis by 'angle' degrees. Argument 'angle' can take any value
except 90+180__k__, where 'k' is an integer.
*KY* 'angle';;
Skews the page along the 'y'-axis by 'angle' degrees. Argument 'angle' can take any value
except 90+180__k__, where 'k' is an integer.
*FH* ['y'];;
Mirrors (flips) the page at the horizontal line through point (0,'y'). Omitting the optional argument
leads to 'y'='h'/2, where 'h' denotes the page height (see <<constants,'pre-defined constants'>> below).
*FV* ['x'];;
Mirrors (flips) the page at the vertical line through point ('x',0). Omitting the optional argument
leads to 'x'='w'/2, where 'w' denotes the page width (see <<constants,'pre-defined constants'>> below).
*M* 'm1',...,'m6';;
Applies a transformation described by the 3×3 matrix
\(('m1','m2','m3'),('m4','m5','m6'),(0,0,1)), where the inner triples denote
the rows.
+
[NOTE]
=================================================================================================
All transformation commands of option *-T, --transform* are applied in the order of their appearance.
Multiple commands can optionally be separated by spaces. In this case the whole transformation string
has to be enclosed in double quotes to keep them together. All parameters are expressions of floating
point type. You can either give plain numbers or arithmetic terms combined by the operators *+* (addition),
*-* (subtraction), *** (multiplication), */* (division) or *%* (modulo) with common associativity and
precedence rules. Parentheses may be used as well.
[[constants]]
Additionally, some pre-defined constants are provided:
[horizontal]
*ux*:: horizontal position of upper left page corner in TeX point units
*uy*:: vertical position of upper left page corner in TeX point units
*h*:: page height in TeX point units (0 in case of *-bnone*)
*w*:: page width in TeX point units (0 in case of *-bnone*)
Furthermore, you can use the 9 length constants +pt+, +bp+, +cm+, +mm+, +in+, +pc+, +dd+, +cc+,
and +sp+, e.g. +2cm+ or +1.6in+. Thus, option +-TT1in,0R45+ moves the page content 1 inch to
the right and rotates it by 45 degrees around the page center afterwards.
For single transformations, there are also the short-hand options *-c*, *-t* and *-r* available.
In contrast to the *--transform* commands, the order of these options is not significant, so
that it's not possible to describe transformation sequences with them.
=================================================================================================
+
//
//
*-t, --translate*='tx'[,'ty']::
Translates (moves) the page content in direction of vector ('tx','ty'). This option is
equivalent to *-TT*'tx','ty'.
*-v, --verbosity*='level'::
Controls the type of messages printed during a dvisvgm run:
[horizontal]
*0*;; no message output at all
*1*;; error messages only
*2*;; warning messages only
*4*;; informational messages only
+
[NOTE]
By adding these values you can combine the categories. The default level is 7, i.e. all
messages are printed.
+
*-V, --version*[='extended']::
Prints the version of dvisvgm and exits. If the optional argument is set to 'yes', the
version numbers of the linked libraries are printed as well.
*-z, --zip*[='level']::
Creates a compressed SVG file with suffix .svgz. The optional argument specifies the compression
level. Valid values are in the range of 1 to 9 (default value is 9). Larger values cause better
compression results but may take slightly more computation time.
*-Z, --zoom*='factor'::
Multiplies the values of the 'width' and 'height' attributes of the SVG root element by argument 'factor'
while the coordinate system of the graphic content is retained. As a result, most SVG viewers zoom the
graphics accordingly. If a negative zoom factor is given, the 'width' and 'height' attributes are omitted.
[[specials]]
Supported Specials
------------------
dvisvgm supports several sets of 'special commands' that can be used to enrich DVI files with additional
features, like color, graphics, and hyperlinks. The evaluation of special commands is delegated to dedicated
handlers provided by dvisvgm. Each handler is responsible for all special statements of the same command set,
i.e. commands beginning with the same prefix. To get a list of the actually provided special handlers, use
option *--list-specials* (see above). This section gives an overview of the special commands currently
supported.
*bgcolor*::
Special statement for changing the background/page color. Since SVG 1.1 doesn't support background colors,
dvisvgm inserts a rectangle of the chosen color into the generated SVG document. This rectangle always gets
the same size as the selected or computed bounding box. This background color command is part of the color
special set but is handled separately in order to let the user turn it off. For an overview of the command
syntax, see the documentation of dvips, for instance.
*color*::
Statements of this command set provide instructions to change the text/paint color. For an overview of the
exact syntax, see the documentation of dvips, for instance.
*dvisvgm*::
dvisvgm offers its own small set of specials. The following list gives a brief overview.
*dvisvgm:raw* 'text';;
Adds an arbitrary sequence of XML nodes to the page section of the SVG document. dvisvgm checks syntax and
proper nesting of the inserted elements but does not perform any validation, thus the user has to ensure
that the resulting SVG is still valid. Opening and closing tags may be distributed among different 'raw'
specials. The tags themselves can also be split but must be continued with the immediately following 'raw'
special. Both syntactically incorrect and wrongly nested tags lead to error messages.
Parameter 'text' may also contain the expressions *{?x}*, *{?y}*, *{?color}*, and *{?matrix}* that expand to
the current 'x' or 'y' coordinate, the current color, and current transformation matrix, respectively.
Character sequence *{?nl}* expands to a newline character. Finally, constructions of the form *{?(__expr__)}*
enable the evaluation of mathematical expressions which may consist of basic arithmetic operations including
modulo. Like above, the variables 'x' and 'y' represent the current coordinates.
Example: +{?(-10*(x+2y)-5)}+.
*dvisvgm:rawdef* 'text';;
This command is similar to *dvisvgm:raw*, but puts the XML nodes into the <defs> section of the SVG document
currently being generated.
*dvisvgm:rawset* 'name' ... *dvisvgm:endrawset*;;
This pair of specials marks the begin and end of a definition of a named raw SVG fragment. All *dvisvgm:raw*
and *dvisvgm:rawdef* specials enclosed by *dvisvgm:rawset* and *dvisvgm:endrawset* are not evaluated
immediately but stored together under the given 'name' for later use. Once defined, the named fragment can be
referenced throughout the DVI file by *dvisvgm:rawput* (see below).
The two commands *dvisvgm:rawset* and *dvisvgm:endrawset* must not be nested, i.e. each call of *dvisvgm:rawset*
has to be followed by a corresponding call of *dvisvgm:endrawset* before another *dvisvgm:rawset* may occur.
Also, the identifier 'name' must be unique throughout the DVI file. Using *dvisvgm:rawset* multiple times
together with the same 'name' leads to warning messages.
*dvisvgm:rawput* 'name';;
Inserts raw SVG fragments previously stored under the given 'name'. dvisvgm distinguishes between fragments
that were specified with *dvisvgm:raw* or *dvisvgm:rawdef*, and handles them differently: It inserts all
*dvisvgm:raw* parts every time *dvisvgm:rawput* is called, whereas the *dvisvgm:rawdef* portions go to the
<defs> section of the current SVG document only once.
*dvisvgm:img* 'width' 'height' 'file';;
Creates an image element at the current graphic position referencing the given file. JPEG, PNG, and SVG images
can be used here. However, dvisvgm does not check the file format or the file name suffix. The lengths 'width'
and 'height' can be given together with a unit specifier (see option *--bbox*) or as plain floating point numbers.
In the latter case, TeX point units are assumed (1in = 72.27pt).
*dvisvgm:bbox* lock;;
Locks the bounding box of the current page and prevents it from further updating, i.e. graphics elements added
after calling this special are not taken into account in determining the extent of the bounding box.
*dvisvgm:bbox* unlock;;
Unlocks the previously locked bounding box of the current page so that it gets updated again when adding
graphics elements to the page.
*dvisvgm:bbox* n[ew] 'name';;
Defines or resets a local bounding box called 'name'. The name may consist of letters and digits.
While processing a DVI page, dvisvgm continuously updates the (global) bounding box of the current page in order to
determine the minimal rectangle containing all visible page components (characters, images, drawing elements etc.)
Additionally to the global bounding box, the user can request an arbitrary number of named local bounding boxes.
Once defined, these boxes are updated together with the global bounding box starting with the first character that
follows the definition. Thus, the local boxes can be used to compute the extent of parts of the page. This is useful
for scenarios where the generated SVG file is post-processed.
In conjunction with special *dvisvgm:raw*, the macro *{?bbox 'name'}* expands to the four values 'x', 'y', 'w', and 'h'
(separated by spaces) specifying the coordinates of the upper left corner, width, and height of the local box 'name'.
If box 'name' wasn't previously defined, all four values equal to zero.
*dvisvgm:bbox* 'width' 'height' ['depth'] [+transform+];;
Updates the bounding box of the current page by embedding a virtual rectangle ('x', 'y', 'width', 'height')
where the lower left corner is located at the current DVI drawing position ('x','y'). If the optional parameter 'depth'
is specified, dvisvgm embeds a second rectangle ('x', 'y', 'width', -__depth__). The lengths 'width', 'height', and
'depth' can be given together with a unit specifier (see option *--bbox*) or as plain floating point numbers.
In the latter case, TeX point units are assumed (1in = 72.27pt). Depending on size and position of the virtual rectangle,
this command either enlarges the overall bounding box or leaves it as is. It's not possible to reduce its extent. This
special should be used together with *dvisvgm:raw* in order to update the viewport of the page properly.
By default, the box extents are assigned unchanged and, in particular, are not altered by transformation commands.
In order to apply the current transformation matrix, the optional modifier +transform+ can be added at the end of
the special statement.
*dvisvgm:bbox* a[bs] 'x1' 'y1' 'x2' 'y2' [+transform+];;
This variant of the bbox special updates the bounding box by embedding a virtual rectangle ('x1','y1','x2','y2').
The points ('x1','y1') and ('x2','y2') denote the absolute coordinates of two diagonal corners of the rectangle.
As with the relative special variant described above, the optional modifier +transform+ allows for applying the
current transformation matrix to the bounding box.
*dvisvgm:bbox* f[ix] 'x1' 'y1' 'x2' 'y2' [+transform+];;
This variant of the bbox special assigns an absolute (final) bounding box to the resulting SVG. After executing
this command, dvisvgm doesn't further alter the bounding box coordinates, except this special is called again later.
The points ('x1','y1') and ('x2','y2') denote the absolute coordinates of two diagonal corners of the rectangle.
As with the relative special variant described above, the optional modifier +transform+ allows for applying the
current transformation matrix to the bounding box.
+
The following TeX snippet adds two raw SVG elements to the output and updates the bounding box accordingly:
+
[source,tex]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\special{dvisvgm:raw <circle cx='{?x}' cy='{?y}' r='10' stroke='black' fill='red'/>}%
\special{dvisvgm:bbox 10bp 10bp 10bp transform}%
\special{dvisvgm:bbox -10bp 10bp 10bp transform}
\special{dvisvgm:raw <path d='M50 200 L10 250 H100 Z' stroke='black' fill='blue'/>}%
\special{dvisvgm:bbox abs 10bp 200bp 100bp 250bp transform}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
*em*::
These specials were introduced with the 'emTeX' distribution by Eberhard Mattes. They provide line drawing
statements, instructions for embedding MSP, PCX, and BMP image files, as well as two PCL commands.
dvisvgm supports only the line drawing statements and ignores all other em specials silently.
A description of the command syntax can be found in the DVI driver documentation coming with
https://ctan.org/pkg/emtex[emTeX].
*html*::
The hyperref specification defines several variants on how to mark hyperlinked areas in a DVI file. dvisvgm
supports the plain HyperTeX special constructs as created with hyperref package option 'hypertex'.
By default, all linked areas of the document are marked by a rectangle. Option *--linkmark* allows to change
this behavior. See above for further details. Information on syntax and semantics of the HyperTeX specials can be
found in the https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref[hyperref manual].
*papersize*::
The 'papersize' special, which is an extension introduced by dvips, can be used to specify the widths and
heights of the pages in the DVI file. It affects the page it appears on as well as all following pages until
another papersize special is found. If there is more than one papersize special present on a page, dvisvgm
applies the last one. However, in order to stay compatible with previous versions of dvisvgm that did not
evaluate these specials, their processing must be explicitly enabled by adding option *--bbox=papersize* on
the command-line. Otherwise, dvisvgm ignores them and computes tight bounding boxes.
*pdf*::
pdfTeX and dvipdfmx introduced several special commands related to the generation of PDF files. Currently,
only 'pdf:mapfile', 'pdf:mapline', 'pdf:pagesize', and PDF hyperlink specials are supported by dvisvgm.
The latter are the PDF pendants to the HTML HyperTeX specials generated by the hyperref package in PDF mode.
+
'pdf:pagesize' is similar to the 'papersize' special (see above) which specifies the size of the current
and all folowing pages. In order to actually apply the extents to the generated SVG files,
option *--bbox=papersize* must be given.
+
'pdf:mapfile' and 'pdf:mapline' allow for modifying the font map tree while processing the DVI file.
They are used by CTeX, for example. dvisvgm supports both, the dvips and dvipdfm font map format. For further
information on the command syntax and semantics, see the documentation of +\pdfmapfile+ in the
https://ctan.org/pkg/pdftex[pdfTeX user manual].
*ps*::
The famous DVI driver https://www.tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html['dvips'] introduced its own set of specials
in order to embed PostScript code into DVI files, which greatly improves the capabilities of DVI documents.
One aim of dvisvgm is to completely evaluate all PostScript fragments and to convert as many of them as possible
to SVG. In contrast to dvips, dvisvgm uses floating point arithmetics to compute the precise position of each
graphic element, i.e. it doesn't round the coordinates. Therefore, the relative locations of the graphic elements
may slightly differ from those computed by dvips.
+
Since PostScript is a rather complex language, dvisvgm does not implement its own PostScript interpreter
but relies on https://ghostscript.com[Ghostscript] instead. If the Ghostscript library was not linked to the
dvisvgm binary, it is looked up and loaded dynamically during runtime. In this case, dvisvgm looks for
'libgs.so.X' on Unix-like systems (supported ABI versions: 7,8,9), for 'libgs.X.dylib' on macOS, and for
'gsdll32.dll' or 'gsdll64.dll' on Windows. You can override the default file names with environment variable
*LIBGS* or the command-line option *--libgs*. The library must be reachable through the ld search path (\*nix)
or the PATH environment variable (Windows). Alternatively, the absolute file path can be specified. If the library
cannot be found, dvisvgm disables the processing of PostScript specials and prints a warning message.
Use option *--list-specials* to check whether PostScript support is available, i.e. entry 'ps' is present.
+
The PostScript handler also recognizes and evaluates bounding box data generated by the
https://ctan.org/pkg/preview[preview package] with option 'tightpage'. If such data is present in the DVI file
and if dvisvgm is called with option *--bbox=preview*, dvisvgm sets the width and total height of the SVG file to
the values derived from the preview data. Additionally, it prints a message showing the width, height,
and depth of the box in TeX point units to the console. Especially, the depth value can be read by a post-processor
to vertically align the SVG graphics with the baseline of surrounding text in HTML or XSL-FO documents, for example.
Please note that SVG bounding boxes are defined by a width and (total) height. In contrast to TeX, SVG provides
no means to differentiate between height and depth, i.e. the vertical extents above and below the baseline,
respectively. Therefore, it is generally not possible to retrieve the depth value from the SVG file itself.
+
If you call dvisvgm with option *--bbox=min* (the default) and preview data is present in the DVI file, dvisvgm
doesn't apply the preview extents but computes a bounding box that tightly encloses the page contents. The height,
depth and width values written to console are adapted accordingly.
*tpic*::
The TPIC special set defines instructions for drawing simple geometric objects. Some LaTeX packages, like
eepic and tplot, use these specials to describe graphics.
Examples
--------
+dvisvgm file+::
Converts the first page of 'file.dvi' to 'file.svg'.
+dvisvgm -p1-5 file+::
Converts the first five pages of 'file.dvi' to 'file-1.svg',...,'file-5.svg'.
+dvisvgm -p1- file+::
Converts all pages of 'file.dvi' to separate SVG files.
+dvisvgm -p1,3 -O file+::
Converts the first and third page of 'file.dvi' to optimized SVG files.
+dvisvgm - < file.dvi+::
Converts the first page of 'file.dvi' to 'stdin.svg' where the contents of 'file.dvi' is read from *stdin*.
+dvisvgm -z file+::
Converts the first page of 'file.dvi' to 'file.svgz' with default compression level 9.
+dvisvgm -p5 -z3 -ba4-l -o newfile file+::
Converts the fifth page of 'file.dvi' to 'newfile.svgz' with compression level 3. The bounding box is set to DIN/ISO A4 in landscape format.
+dvisvgm --transform="R20,w/3,2h/5 T1cm,1cm S2,3" file+::
Converts the first page of 'file.dvi' to 'file.svg' where three transformations are applied.
[[environment]]
Environment
-----------
dvisvgm uses the *kpathsea* library for locating the files that it opens.
Hence, the environment variables described in the library's documentation influence the converter.
If dvisvgm was linked without the Ghostscript library, and if PostScript support has not been disabled,
the shared Ghostscript library is looked up during runtime via dlopen(). The environment variable *LIBGS*
can be used to specify path and file name of the library.
The pre-compiled Windows versions of dvisvgm require a working installation of MiKTeX 2.9 or above.
dvisvgm does not work together with the portable edition of MiKTeX because it relies on MiKTeX's COM
interface that is only accessible in a local installation.
To enable the evaluation of PostScript specials, the original Ghostscript DLL 'gsdll32.dll' must be present
and reachable through the search path. 64-bit Windows builds require the 64-bit Ghostscript DLL 'gsdll64.dll'.
Both DLLs come with the corresponding Ghostscript installers available from https://ghostscript.com.
The environment variable *DVISVGM_COLORS* specifies the colors used to highlight various parts of dvisvgm's
message output. It is only evaluated if option *--color* is given. The value of *DVISVGM_COLORS* is a list of
colon-separated entries of the form 'gg'='BF', where 'gg' denotes one of the color group indicators listed
below, and 'BF' are two hexadecimal digits specifying the background (first digit) and foreground/text color
(second digit). The color values are defined as follows: 0=black, 1=red, 2=green, 3=yellow, 4=blue,
5=magenta, 6=cyan, 7=gray, 8=bright red, 9=bright green, A=bright yellow, B=bright blue, C=bright magenta,
D=bright cyan, E=bright gray, F=white. Depending on the terminal, the colors may differ. Rather than changing
both the text and background color, it's also possible to change only one of them: An asterisk (*) in
place of a hexadecimal digit indicates the default text or background color of the terminal.
All malformed entries in the list are silently ignored.
[horizontal]
*er*:: error messages
*wn*:: warning messages
*pn*:: messages about page numbers
*ps*:: page size messages
*fw*:: information about the files written
*sm*:: state messages
*tr*:: messages of the glyph tracer
*pi*:: progress indicator
*Example:* +er=01:pi=\*5+ sets the colors of error messages (+er+) to red (+1+) on black (+0+), and those
of progress indicators (+pi+) to cyan (+5+) on default background (+*+).
Files
-----
The location of the following files is determined by the kpathsea library.
To check the actual kpathsea configuration you can use the *kpsewhich* utility.
[horizontal]
**.enc*:: Font encoding files
**.fgd*:: Font glyph data files (cache files created by dvisvgm)
**.map*:: Font map files
**.mf*:: Metafont input files
**.pfb*:: PostScript Type 1 font files
**.pro*:: PostScript header/prologue files
**.tfm*:: TeX font metric files
**.ttf*:: TrueType font files
**.vf*:: Virtual font files
See also
--------
*tex(1), mf(1), mktexmf(1), grodvi(1), potrace(1)*, and the *kpathsea library* info documentation.
Resources
---------
Project home page::: https://dvisvgm.de
Code repository::: https://github.com/mgieseki/dvisvgm
Bugs
----
Please report bugs using the bug tracker at https://github.com/mgieseki/dvisvgm/issues[GitHub].
Author
------
Written by {author} <{email}>
Copying
-------
Copyright (C) 2005-2020 Martin Gieseking. Free use of this software is
granted under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 3
or, (at your option) any later version.
// vim: set syntax=asciidoc:
|
NATHAN BAKER. – Mr. Baker is a native of Indiana, having been born in that state in 1837. When but a child of three years he accompanied his parents to Missouri. In 1849, he suffered the loss of his father, who died that year in California, whither he had gone to dig gold. In 1858, the young man went to Kansas, and, entering a tract of land, made that state his home for fourteen years. During this time he had been two years in the army, serving in the Fifth Kansas Cavalry, and a year in the Tenth Kansas Infantry. His term was during the latter part of the war.
In 1872 he came to Polk county, Oregon, and a year later selected a home in the beautiful Indian valley in Union county, Near Elgin. There he has thrived in his operations, and owns at present a farm of 560 acres inclosed with a fence, with a nice house and pleasant surroundings. The fertility of the soil may be inferred from the fact that fifty-two bushels of wheat per acre have been raised on this place. In 1863 Mr. Baker married Miss Aletha Hoffman of Kansas. Their seven children are all living except one; and they have also five grandchildren.
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Q:
Php Array sorting assoc key after intersect key
Currently I have this:
$pattern = array('industry_id','category_id','subcategory_id');
$data = array('advert_id' => string '261501' (length=6)
'advert_type_id' => string '7' (length=1)
'user_id' => string '6221' (length=4)
'industry_id' => string '17' (length=2)
'category_id' => string '769' (length=3)
'subcategory_id' => string '868' (length=3)
'model' => string 'Custom Semi Drop Deck Trailer' (length=29)
'description' => string 'Industry: Trailer );
Then:
array_intersect_key( $data , array_flip($pattern) );
Using array_interect_key & array_flip to get the values from $data based on $pattern, I will get a result like this:
array (size=3)
'category_id' => string '769' (length=3)
'subcategory_id' => string '930' (length=3)
'industry_id' => string '17' (length=2)
Unfortunately as you can see the result key sorting is not the same that I declared in $pattern. Is there a shorthand way to sort it like I declared in $pattern because after this I want to implode the array and do something like this industry_id.category_id.subcategory_id without hard coding the keys.
A:
Since you already figured out array_intersect_key method which will not get you the desired key ordering of $pattern, try this instead:
// since original $pattern is not ASSOC (only vals)
// flip it so defined vals become keys
$pattern_flipped = array_flip($pattern);
$result = array();
foreach ($pattern_flipped as $k => $v) {
if (isset($data[$k])) {
$result[$k] = $data[$k];
}
}
var_dump($result); // test
// can use original 0 1 2 dynamic keys for concatenation
echo $result[$pattern[0]], $result[$pattern[1]], $result[$pattern[2]], '<br>';
// or use hardcoded keys
echo $result['industry_id'], $result['category_id'], $result['subcategory_id'], '<br>';
|
September 2018
Real estate sector in Africa has been experimenting an impressive growth. On average, 10,000 accommodations miss each year in most of these countries, and despite some governmental endeavors, the shortfall is still important. According to several studies, African population is going to increase over threefold during the next 40 years. This demographic growth will inevitably […]
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“Lockdown was imposed in entire India on 24th March and it was the duty of every owner and administrator of every hotel, guesthouse, hostel and similar establishment to maintain social distancing. It looks like social distancing and quarantine protocols was not practiced here. Now it has come to our knowledge that the administrators violated these conditions and several cases of corona positive patients have been found here. Strong action would be taken against those in charge of this establishment," the government said in a statement. |
Performance of Chromogenic Candida agar and CHROMagar Candida in recovery and presumptive identification of monofungal and polyfungal vaginal isolates.
Chromogenic Candida agar (OCCA) is a novel medium facilitating isolation and identification of Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei, as well as indicating polyfungal population in clinical samples. We compare the performance of OCCA, to CHROMagar Candida (CAC) and Sabouraud chloramphenicol agar (SCA). Vaginal swab samples from 392 women were simultaneously inoculated onto three study media. A total of 161 (41.1%) were found to be positive for fungi of which 140 (87%) were monofungal, and 21 (13%) polyfungal. One-hundred and fifty-seven samples (97.5%) were positive on CAC, 156 (96.9%) on OCCA, 148 (91.9%) on SCA and 144 (89.4%) samples were positive on all three media. The yeasts were identified by conventional methods including germ tube test, microscopic morphology on cornmeal-Tween 80 agar, and the commercial API 20C AUX. The 182 isolates were C. albicans (n = 104), C. glabrata (n = 51), C. krusei (n = 7), C. tropicalis (n = 5), C. famata (n = 3), C. kefyr (n = 3), C. zeylanoides (n = 3), C. colliculosa (n = 2), and other species of Candida (n = 4). Among the 21 polyfungal populations, 20 (95.2%) were detected in OCCA, 14 (66.7%) in CAC, and 13 (61.9%) in CAC and OCCA (P <0.05). Most polyfungal populations (47.6%) yielded C. albicans + C. glabrata. The efficiency of both chromogenic media for C. albicans was >or=92.9% at 72 h. OCCA is more efficient and reliable for rapidly identifying C. albicans and polyfungal populations than CAC. However, CAC is more efficient for identifying C. krusei and C. tropicalis. A chromogenic agar with a higher isolation rate of yeasts and better detection of polyfungal populations than SCA, is suggested as a medium of first choice when available. |
e.
j**(-83/14)
Simplify (l*((l/l**7)/l)/l*l)/(((l**(-3/5)/l)/l)/l)*l**(-1/2)*l**13*l*l*l assuming l is positive.
l**(131/10)
Simplify (f**4*f/((f*f**(-36))/f*f))**(-48) assuming f is positive.
f**(-1920)
Simplify (((f*f**0)/(f*f/(f/f**(1/8)*f)))/(f/f**1)**(2/59))**43 assuming f is positive.
f**(301/8)
Simplify ((c**(-1))**(-1/23)/(c**(-2/21)/(c**(-1/13)/c)))**(5/2) assuming c is positive.
c**(-29455/12558)
Simplify ((t*t**18/t*t)/t*t**24)/(t**(-8)*t*t/(t**(-5/8)*t)) assuming t is positive.
t**(387/8)
Simplify (c/c**(23/5))/c**(23/3)*(c*c**(1/2))/(c*c**(-19)*c) assuming c is positive.
c**(217/30)
Simplify (v**(-3/2)*v**(3/10))/(((v/v**(-2))/v)/v*v**(-2/21)) assuming v is positive.
v**(-221/105)
Simplify ((a/a**(1/12))/a*a)**(-8/3)/(a**0)**(-14) assuming a is positive.
a**(-22/9)
Simplify ((t/(t**3*t))/t**1*((t/(t/(t*t**(-1/4))))/t)/(t/(t*(t**(1/4)*t)/t)))**(-14/13) assuming t is positive.
t**(56/13)
Simplify (p/(p/(p*p*p*p/p**(1/24))*p)*p**22)**8 assuming p is positive.
p**(599/3)
Simplify q**(-2)/((q**9*q)/q*q)*(q*q**(4/9))/(q/((q**2/q)/q)*q) assuming q is positive.
q**(-113/9)
Simplify ((c*c**(-6))/(c*c**(-7)/c))/(c*c*c**2*c**15) assuming c is positive.
c**(-17)
Simplify (l*l**(2/25)/l*l**(-1/13)/l*l**(2/13)/l*l**(-2/15)*l)**31 assuming l is positive.
l**(-29512/975)
Simplify t**(2/29)*t*t**(-1/5)*t*t**0*t/((t*((t**(-11)/t)/t*t)/t)/t)*t assuming t is positive.
t**(2446/145)
Simplify (m*m*m/(m/m**(2/5))*m*m**(-4/11))/(m**10/(m/(m*m**10/m))) assuming m is positive.
m**(-878/55)
Simplify (x**(-4)/(x*x*x*x**(-3/2)))/((x/(((x/x**(5/2)*x)/x)/x))/(x/x**(-2/9))) assuming x is positive.
x**(-70/9)
Simplify ((q**7*q/(q/(q/((q*q*q**8*q*q)/q*q))))**30)**23 assuming q is positive.
q**(-2760)
Simplify (k**1)**(-34)*(k**(-1/4))**(-22) assuming k is positive.
k**(-57/2)
Simplify ((g/g**(-5)*g)/g*((g/g**0)/g)/g*g**5*g*g**(1/2))**44 assuming g is positive.
g**506
Simplify (f*f/(f*f**(-1/13))*f/(f/((f*f**(1/4))/f)))/(f**(-8)/(f/f**(-3/4))) assuming f is positive.
f**(144/13)
Simplify (q**(-1/4)/(q/(((q**(-2/7)*q)/q)/q)))/((q*q*q**(8/9)/q)/q**(-2/7)) assuming q is positive.
q**(-1187/252)
Simplify (y/y**3)**43*(y/(((y*y/y**(1/3))/y)/y))**19 assuming y is positive.
y**(-182/3)
Simplify (v**(-2)/v)**(-32)*(v*v**(1/7))**(-1/14) assuming v is positive.
v**(4700/49)
Simplify (l*l/((l*l**(-2/5))/l))**(-50)/(l**(2/7))**(-4/9) assuming l is positive.
l**(-7552/63)
Simplify ((n*n*n**18)/n**(-2/19))/(n**(9/5)/(n**(-1/39)*n)) assuming n is positive.
n**(71431/3705)
Simplify ((m**(7/3)*m)/(((m*m/(m/(m**10*m)))/m)/m))/((m*m/((m**4*m)/m)*m)/(m/m**(-1))) assuming m is positive.
m**(-11/3)
Simplify ((p/p**5)/p)/(p*p/p**(6/7)*p)*(p**(-8)*p)**1 assuming p is positive.
p**(-99/7)
Simplify ((r*r**(-3/7)/r)/(((r/((r/(r/(r/(((r*r**50)/r)/r)*r)))/r*r))/r*r*r)/r))**(41/5) assuming r is positive.
r**(-13899/35)
Simplify (((c*c*(c/(((c/c**(-20))/c)/c*c))/c*c*c)/c*c)/((c*c/(c**(11/3)/c))/c))**(-44) assuming c is positive.
c**(1892/3)
Simplify o**(-2)*o*o*o**(-10/3)*o*o*o**29*o*o**(-1/50) assuming o is positive.
o**(4297/150)
Simplify ((l/(l*l/(l*l*l*(((l**(-3)*l)/l*l)/l)/l*l)))/l)**(1/5)/((l*l/((l*l**(-1/3))/l))/l**(-4/3)) assuming l is positive.
l**(-61/15)
Simplify (q/(q*q*q**0))/((q/(q**13/q))/q)*q**(-10)*q*q**10 assuming q is positive.
q**12
Simplify ((g**6*g**(-2/5))/(g**(-1))**47)**(1/37) assuming g is positive.
g**(263/185)
Simplify (y/((((y/y**(-1))/y)/y)/y))**(-20/11)*(((y/y**5)/y)/y)/y*y**0 assuming y is positive.
y**(-117/11)
Simplify (v**12/v**(-6/11))/(v**(-8)*v)**2 assuming v is positive.
v**(292/11)
Simplify ((((l/l**32*l)/l)/l)/l*l**(-2/11))/(l**(-9/8)/(l/l**(-6)*l)) assuming l is positive.
l**(-2117/88)
Simplify ((s*((s*s/(s/s**(-2/19)*s))/s)/s)/s*s**(-1/5))/((s*s/(s*(s/(s*((s**(-4/3)*s)/s)/s))/s))/s*s**(1/22)) assuming s is positive.
s**(-6379/6270)
Simplify (z**(1/4))**(-2/119)*z**24*z**(5/9)/z assuming z is positive.
z**(50447/2142)
Simplify (c*c/(c**(4/11)*c)*c**(-4/13))/(c**(2/17))**(-3/14) assuming c is positive.
c**(6022/17017)
Simplify (w*w**(2/13)/w*w*w*w*w*w*w*w/(w/(w/w**(-21))*w)*w)**(-16) assuming w is positive.
w**(-5856/13)
Simplify (b**(-10/11))**(-46)*(b*b*b**(-2/95))**40 assuming b is positive.
b**(25284/209)
Simplify ((s**0)**(14/3)*(s*s*s**(-2))/s**(1/12))**(-4/15) assuming s is positive.
s**(1/45)
Simplify (h**30*h/h**(-25))/(h/(h/(h*h**(-32)/h*h))*h/h**(1/30)) assuming h is positive.
h**(2581/30)
Simplify (((g**(6/7)*g)/(g/g**4))/(g**(-3)/(g**(-6)/g)))**(1/5) assuming g is positive.
g**(6/35)
Simplify r**19/(r**(2/17)/r)*(r**(2/21)/r)/(r/(r*r**(-2/11))) assuming r is positive.
r**(73811/3927)
Simplify c**8*c*c/c**(-5)*c*(c*c/(c/c**1))/c**(-2/11) assuming c is positive.
c**(200/11)
Simplify ((b/((b*b*b/b**(4/11))/b))/(b**(-24)/b))**(-1) assuming b is positive.
b**(-268/11)
Simplify (i/i**(-17)*i*i**(1/43))**(-4/43) assuming i is positive.
i**(-3272/1849)
Simplify ((s*s**(-1/10))/(s/(s**(-1/2)/s))*(s*s*s*s**(2/13)*s)/s*s**(-2/11))**(-32/9) assuming s is positive.
s**(-3488/715)
Simplify ((j*j**(-1)*((j*j**(-6))/j*j)/j)**(2/29))**42 assuming j is positive.
j**(-504/29)
Simplify ((u**(2/13))**(3/25))**(4/3) assuming u is positive.
u**(8/325)
Simplify ((t/((((t/t**2)/t)/t)/t))/t*t)/t**1*(t*t/((t/(t/t**2)*t*t*t*t)/t))/t*t/t**12 assuming t is positive.
t**(-11)
Simplify (p**7/p**(-2/5)*(p*p/(p*p**8/p)*p*p)/p**(-2/21))**(-3/8) assuming p is positive.
p**(-367/280)
Simplify ((o**(1/3)/o)**(1/14)/((o*o*o*o/(o/o**(1/3))*o*o*o)/(o/o**(-10))))**(-1) assuming o is positive.
o**(-97/21)
Simplify (((h*h**13)/h**3)**(-16))**(-4/11) assuming h is positive.
h**64
Simplify ((q*(q/q**(-18))/q)/(q/(q*q*q*q**(-2/25)*q)))**(-2/49) assuming q is positive.
q**(-1096/1225)
Simplify ((l/l**(-22))/(l*l/(l*l**(-19)*l*l)))/((l/((l*(l*l**(-18))/l)/l))/(l**(4/9)*l)) assuming l is positive.
l**(-113/9)
Simplify ((s*s**2)/(s/s**(2/7)))/(s*s*s**12*s*s*s*s**(1/2)*s) assuming s is positive.
s**(-227/14)
Simplify ((h*h/(h/h**(2/7)))**36*((h/(h**(-9)*h))/h)/(h/(h*h/h**(-4/3)*h)))**(-2/85) assuming h is positive.
h**(-484/357)
Simplify r/r**(4/7)*(r/r**(-3))/r*(r*r/r**(-8/5)*r)/(r*r**0) assuming r is positive.
r**(246/35)
Simplify (f/((f*f*f**(-1))/f))**(22/7)*(f*f*(f/((f**(-2)/f)/f))/f*f)**(3/2) assuming f is positive.
f**(191/14)
Simplify (((x/x**(-2/23))/x)**(11/3))**(2/31) assuming x is positive.
x**(44/2139)
Simplify (w/w**(-5/2))**(-29)/(w**(9/5))**24 assuming w is positive.
w**(-1447/10)
Simplify q**(2/51)*q*q/(q*q**(3/2))*q/(q**(2/59)/q*q)*(q**27*q)/q assuming q is positive.
q**(165527/6018)
Simplify (n**(-14/5)/n*n*n**(10/9))**36 assuming n is positive.
n**(-304/5)
Simplify (j**10)**(3/4)/(j/j**2*j**(-2/9)*j) assuming j is positive.
j**(139/18)
Simplify (l/(l*l**37/l))/((l*(l*l**(4/19)/l)/l*l)/l)*(l*l*(l/(l*l/l**(-2/27)))/l*l)**(-14/13) assuming l is positive.
l**(-248138/6669)
Simplify ((((y**(-1/4)*y)/y)/y*y*y/y**(-5/2))/((y/(y*(y/y**4)/y)*y*y)/((y*((y**(2/13)*y)/y*y)/y)/y)))**(1/6) assuming y is positive.
y**(-45/104)
Simplify (x**(2/5))**(1/6)/(x*x/(x/(x/(x**(2/39)/x)))*x*x/((x*x**12*x)/x)) assuming x is positive.
x**(1583/195)
Simplify ((y/y**(-10)*y)**(8/7))**(-9) assuming y is positive.
y**(-864/7)
Simplify t**(1/13)*t*t*t**(-6/11)*t*t*t*t*t*t**(-2/25)*t*t/t**(-16) assuming t is positive.
t**(87414/3575)
Simplify ((q**(1/3)/(q/(q*q*q**(-14))))**(34/9))**(1/54) assuming q is positive.
q**(-646/729)
Simplify (w*w**(-2/11))**(4/17)/(w**1)**23 assuming w is positive.
w**(-4265/187)
Simplify (b**15/(b**19/b))/(((b/b**(-12))/b*b*b)/b*b)**(-39) assuming b is positive.
b**543
Simplify (f/f**(-12)*f/(f*f*f/f**(-11/3)))**(-45) assuming f is positive.
f**(-330)
Simplify ((w/((w**(2/5)/w)/w*w))**(-27)*w*w/(w*w/w**(1/10))*w**(-4)*w)**(-7/11) assuming w is positive.
w**(3227/110)
Simplify (((m**(-4)/m)/m**(3/10))**(-42))**2 assuming m is positive.
m**(2226/5)
Simplify (((o*o*o/o**(3/7)*o)/o)/(o*o**(-1/4)*o))/(o*o**(1/7))**(9/11) assuming o is positive.
o**(-5/44)
Simplify (z/z**(-3)*z**(-15))**(-37) assuming z is positive.
z**407
Simplify (k*k*k**2)**(-16)/(k*(k**(-3/11)*k)/k)**(-36) assuming k is positive.
k**(-416/11)
Simplify ((w*w**0*w*w*w)/w)/(w*w/w**5)*(w**(2/9)/w)**15 assuming w is positive.
w**(-17/3)
Simplify ((y/y**(-1/12))**20)**(-17/4) assuming y is positive.
y**(-1105/12) |
William Yelverton (disambiguation)
William Yelverton (1400 – 1470s) was a judge and member of parliament in Norfolk, England.
William Yelverton may also refer to:
William Yelverton, 2nd Viscount Avonmore (1762-1814), Irish nobleman
William Yelverton, 4th Viscount Avonmore (1824-1883), Irish nobleman
William Henry Yelverton (1791-1884), Welsh politician |
King Salman of Saudi Arabia has departed Japan and arrived in Beijing where he and President Xi Jinping are expected to discuss expanding economic ties between their two nations, shortly after Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman completed his visit to the White House Tuesday.
King Salman will stay in Beijing for three days, according to the Chinese Foreign Ministry, and meet with Xi as well as Premier Li Keqiang and National People’s Congress (NPC) Chairman Zhang Dejiang. “China attaches great importance to the friendship and cooperation with Saudi Arabia,” Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying told reporters on Tuesday. “We stand ready to take King Salman’s visit as an opportunity to take China-Saudi Arabia comprehensive strategic partnership to a higher level.”
While King Salman’s visit to Tokyo involved an honorific meeting with Emperor Akihito, the Chinese hope to use his presence to strengthen their foothold in the Middle East. Chinese state media outlets are heralding the visit as a chance for China to take over what was once considered America’s market to exploit.
Xinhua calls the visit an attempt to silence anti-globalization voices around the world. “As some scapegoat globalization for their sluggish economy, others remain open and cooperative to explore business opportunities and reap win-win fruits,” a Xinhua column on the visit reads, a clear reference to U.S. President Donald Trump’s opposition to globalist forces. Xinhua credits China for having “helped build 56 economic and trade cooperation zones in 20 countries along the routes with a combined investment surpassing 18.5 billion U.S. dollars, generating nearly 1.1 billion dollars in tax revenue and 180,000 jobs in those countries.” Saudi Arabia, the outlet concludes, is seeking to be a part of that development.
The Global Times, often the more combative alternative to Xinhua, suggests Salman’s presence in Beijing means he “puts Beijing ahead of Washington in his diplomatic visits.”
“This reflects Riyadh’s tendency to ‘Look East,'” the Times suggests. “The country is willing to develop a friendly relationship with Beijing on the premise that its ties with Washington remain intact. Saudi Arabia wants China’s support in regional and international affairs.”
The king’s visit has some competition, however, as Saudi officials celebrate the deputy crown prince’s visit with President Trump on Tuesday. The Gulf news organization Al-Arabiya cites Saudi officials calling the Trump meeting “a historic turning point” for bilateral relations. Al-Arabiya cites Bloomberg, which quotes a senior adviser to Mohammed bin Salman claiming the meeting “put things on the right track, and marked a significant shift in relations, across all political, military, security and economic fields.”
Among the most prominent points of agreement is the mutual distrust of Iran, newly emboldened by the Obama administration’s concessions package to Tehran known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPoA), or the Iran nuclear deal.
Trump had already discussed other Middle East hotspots, including Yemen and Syria, with King Salman in a phone conversation.
Unlike relations with the White House, regional rival Iran is not a subject that Saudi Arabia and China appear to agree on. China has historically supported Russia in the UN Security Council, which has developed a particularly strong alliance with Iran in Syria. Neither China nor Saudi Arabia have entered the fray in Syria, though both have expressed concerns that the six-year-old civil war appears nowhere near its conclusion.
China will also have to overcome Saudi distrust as it ramps up an internal war on Islam. While Chinese Communist Party officials have been permissive of Islamic practices, particularly among its Hui minority, it has taken the opposite position in western Xinjiang, home to the nation’s Turkic Uighur minority. Uighurs are a majority-Muslim people; in their region, the Communist Party has banned Islamic garb on public transportation, forced shops to sell anti-Islamic items like alcohol and cigarettes, and banned children from religious observance.
This attitude appears to be trickling east into Hui-populated regions. This week, the Communist Party secretary in Ningxia province, Li Jianguo, warned that the Islamic State was attempting to recruit Chinese people to engage in “jihad, terror, violence,” urging more vigilance over Muslim populations. The result of the government’s warnings over Islam has been a growing popular distaste for the religion, according to a social media overview by the South China Morning Post.
Such a policy is anathema to the Saudi government, which sees itself as the preeminent defender of Islam globally. “We confirm that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia stands with all its might behind the Islamic causes in general and we are fully ready for assistance and cooperation with your sisterly country as regards any effort or movement that serves Muslims’ issues,” King Salman asserted in Malaysia last month. |
The following facilities will be closed from 30 December 2014 to 01 March 2015 (dates subject to change):
Spa tub
Location. Situated in Grayslake, Comfort Suites is in the suburbs and close to College of Lake County, University Center of Lake County, and Lake County Fairgrounds. Additional area attractions include Six Flags Great America and Gurnee Mills.
Hotel Features. Comfort Suites has an indoor pool, a spa tub, and a fitness center. Complimentary wireless and wired high-speed Internet access is available in public areas. Business amenities include a 24-hour business center and meeting rooms. Guests are served a complimentary breakfast. Additional amenities include an arcade/game room, multilingual staff, and laundry facilities. Self parking is complimentary. |
Morrissey says the treatment of English Defence League co-founder Tommy Robinson - who was jailed for 13 months last week after admitting breaking contempt of court laws - has been "shocking."
In an interview with Tremr, the former Smiths frontman appeared to back Robinson, who risked prejudicing an ongoing trial via a live stream on his Facebook page.
Robinson made clear that he was aware of legal restrictions surrounding the case during the Facebook Live video, as well as the danger of being jailed. The 35-year-old was already subject to a suspended sentence for committing contempt during a rape trial in Canterbury last year, and had been told that if he fell foul of the law again he would go to prison.
Despite this, Morrissey called his treatment "shocking" in a throwaway comment while discussing politics, in which he endorsed a new fringe right-wing political party.
"I have been following a new party called For Britain which is led by Anne Marie Waters," said the controversial musician. "It is the first time in my life that I will vote for a political party. Finally I have hope. I find the Tory-Labour-Tory-Labour constant switching to be pointless."
He went onto say that For Britain has garnered "no media support" and has been "dismissed" with "childish" claims that it's racist.
"I don’t think the word ‘racist’ has any meaning any more, other than to say “you don’t agree with me, so you’re a racist," Morrissey explained. "People can be utterly, utterly stupid."
From Morrissey's perspective, the idea of more free speech is appealing to him.
"Anne Marie Waters seeks open discussion about all aspects of modern Britain, whereas other parties will not allow diverse opinion," he said. "She is like a humane version of Thatcher … if such a concept could be. She is absolute leadership, she doesn’t read from a script, she believes in British heritage, freedom of speech, and she wants everyone in the UK to live under the same law."
World news in pictures 51 show all World news in pictures 1/51 6 June 2018 Protesters wave flags and shout slogans during a demonstration against the use of the term "Macedonia" in any solution to a dispute between Athens and Skopje over the former Yugoslav republic's name, in the northern town of Pella, Greece. Reuters 2/51 5 June 2018 Police officers salute as the caskets of policewomen Soraya Belkacemi, 44, and Lucile Garcia, 54, arrive during their funeral in Liege. The two officers, and one bystander were killed in Liege on Tuesday by a gunman. Police later killed the attacker, and other officers were wounded in the shooting. AP 3/51 4 June 2018 A rescue worker carries a child covered with ash after a volcano erupted violently in El Rodeo, Guatemala. Volcan de Fuego, whose name means "Volcano of Fire", spewed an 8km (5-mile) stream of red hot lava and belched a thick plume of black smoke and ash that rained onto the capital and other regions. Dozens were killed across three villages. Reuters 4/51 3 June 2018 A recycler drags a huge bag of paper sorted for recycling past a heap of non-recyclable material at Richmond sanitary landfill site in the industrial city of Bulawayo. Plastic waste remains a challenging waste management issue due to its non-biodegrable nature, if not managed properly plastic ends up as litter polluting water ways, wetlands and storm drains causing flash flooding around Zimbabwe's cities and towns. Urban and rural areas are fighting the continuous battle against a scourge of plastic litter. On June 5, 2018 the United Nations mark the World Environment Day which plastic pollution is the main theme this year. AFP/Getty 5/51 Palestinian mourners carry the body of 21-year-old medical volunteer Razan al-Najjar during her funeral after she was shot dead by Israeli soldiers near the Gaza border fence on June 1, in another day of protests and violence. She was shot near Khan Yunis in the south of the territory, health ministry spokesman Ashraf al-Qudra said, bringing the toll of Gazans killed by Israeli fire since the end of March to 123. AFP/Getty 6/51 1 June 2018 Spain's new Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez poses after a vote on a no-confidence motion at the Spanish Parliament in Madrid. Spain's parliament ousted Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy in a no-confidence vote sparked by fury over his party's corruption woes, with his Socialist arch-rival Pedro Sanchez automatically taking over. AFP/Getty 7/51 31 May 2018 Zinedine Zidane looks on after a press conference to announce his resignation as manager from Real Madrid. He confirmed he was leaving the Spanish giants, just days after winning the Champions League for the third year in a row. AFP/Getty 8/51 30 May 2018 A worker cleans up the Millenaire migrants makeshift camp along the Canal de Saint-Denis near Porte de la Villette, northern Paris, following its evacuation on May 30. More than a thousand migrants and refugees were evacuated early in the morning from the camp that had been set up for several weeks along the Canal. AFP/Getty 9/51 29 May 2018 Police and ambulances are seen at the site where a gunman shot dead three people, two of them policemen, before being killed by elite officers, in the eastern Belgian city of Liege. AFP/Getty 10/51 28 May 2018 French President Emmanuel Macron meets with Mamoudou Gassama, 22, from Mali, at the presidential Elysee Palace in Paris. Gassama living illegally in France is being honored by Macron for scaling an apartment building over the weekend to save a 4-year-old child dangling from a fifth-floor balcony. AP 11/51 27 May 2018 Migrants wait to disembark from the ship Aquarius in the Sicilian harbour of Catania, Italy Reuters 12/51 26 May 2018 Ireland awaits the official result of a referendum that could end the country’s ban on abortion. Co-Director of Together For Yes Ailbhe Smyth speaks to the media after exit polls suggested victory for the Yes campaign. PA Wire/PA Images 13/51 25 May 2018 Film producer Harvey Weinstein arrives at the 1st Precinct in Manhattan where he turned himself in to New York police for sexual misconduct charges. Reuters 14/51 24 May 2018 Russian President Vladimir Putin (R) meets with his French counterpart Emmanuel Macron at the Konstantin Palace in Strelna, outside Saint Petersburg, on May 24, 2018 Getty Images 15/51 23 May 2018 People protest outisde the Tamil Nadu House after at least 10 people were killed when police fired on protesters seeking closure of plant on environmental grounds in town of Thoothukudi in southern state of Tamil Nadu, in New Delhi. ANI via Reuters 16/51 22 May 2018 People demonstrate in Paris during a nationwide day protest by French public sector employees and public servants against the overhauls proposed by French President Emmanuel Macron, calling them an "attack" by the centrist leader against civil services as well as their economic security. AFP/Getty 17/51 21 May 2018 Newly appointed Catalan president Quim Torra arrives to visit jailed Catalan separatist politicians at the Estremera jail near Madrid. AFP/Getty 18/51 20 May 2018 Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro casts his vote during the presidential elections in Caracas. Maduro was seeking a second term in power. AFP/Getty 19/51 19 May 2018 Channelized lava emerges on Kilauea Volcano's lower East Rift Zone on Hawaii. The USGS said on its website that "a fast-moving pahoehoe lava flow that emerged from fissure 20... continues to flow southeast," with the quickest of three "lobes" progressing at 230 yards (210 meters) per hour. AFP/US Geological Survey 20/51 18 May 2018 Santa Fe High School student Dakota Shrader is comforted by her mother Susan Davidson following a shooting at the school in Texas. Shrader said her friend was shot in the incident. Multiple people have been killed. Stuart Villanueva/The Galveston County Daily News via AP 21/51 17 May 2018 French President Emmanuel Macron, British Prime Minister Theresa May and German Chancellor Angela Merkel meeting during the EU-Western Balkans Summit in Sofia, Bulgaria. Reuters 22/51 16 May 2018 People hold flags with the state coat of arms of Russia as they drive along a bridge, which was constructed to connect the Russian mainland with the Crimean Peninsula across the Kerch Strait. Reuters 23/51 15 May 2018 Palestinians run away from tear gas shot at them by Israeli forces during a protest in Ramallah, in the occupied West Bank AFP/Getty 24/51 14 May 2018 A Palestinian demonstrator runs during a protest against the US embassy move to Jerusalem and ahead of the 70th anniversary of the Nakba at the Israel-Gaza border. REUTERS 25/51 13 May 2018 A bullet hole on the window of a cafe in Paris, the day after a knifeman killed one man and wounded four other people before being shot dead by police AFP/Getty 26/51 12 May 2018 Germany's Chancellor Angela Merkel looks on after receiving the 'Lamp of Peace, the "Nobel" Catholic award for "her work of conciliation for the peaceful cohabitation of peoples" at The Basilica Superiore of St Francis of Assisi in Italy. AFP/Getty 27/51 11 May 2018 Police forensics investigate the death of seven people in a suspected murder-suicide in Australia. Four children are among seven people that were found dead at a rural property in Osmington, near Margaret River. Detectives are investigating the incident, which was said to be treated as a murder-suicide, media reported. Two firearms were found at the scene, Western Australia Police said. EPA 28/51 10 May 2018 Missiles rise into the sky as Israeli missiles hit air defense position and other military bases, in Damascus, Syria. The Israeli military on Thursday said it attacked "dozens" of Iranian targets in neighboring Syria in response to an Iranian rocket barrage on Israeli positions in the Golan Heights, in the most serious military confrontation between the two bitter enemies to date. Reuters 29/51 9 May 2018 Iranian MPs burning a US flag in the parliament in Tehran. Iran said it will hold talks with signatories to a nuclear deal after US President Donald Trump's decision to withdraw from the accord, which it branded "psychological warfare". President Hassan Rouhani also said Iran could resume uranium enrichment "without limit" in response to Trump's announcement. AFP/Islamic Consultative Assembly News Agency 30/51 8 May 2018 Newly elected Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinian addresses the crowd in Republic Square in Yerevan. The leader of protests that gripped Armenia for weeks was named the country's new prime minister on Tuesday, overcoming the immediate political turmoil but raising uncertainty about the longer term. AP 31/51 7 May 2018 Russian President Vladimir Putin walks before his President inauguration ceremony at the Kremlin in Moscow. Reuters 32/51 6 May 2018 Lava from a robust fissure eruption on Kilauea's east rift zone consumes a home, then threatens another, near Pahoa, Hawaii. The total number of homes lost within the Leilani Estates subdivision thus far is 21, and geologists from the Hawaii Volcanoes Observatory do not expect the eruption to cease any time soon. A local state of emergency has been declared after Mount Kilauea erupted near residential areas, forcing mandatory evacuation of about 1,700 citizens from their nearby homes. The crater's floor collapsed on 01 May and is since then continuing to erode its walls and generating huge explosions of ashes. Several earthquakes have been recorded in the area where the volcanic eruptions continue, including a 6.9 magnitue earthquake which struck the area on 4 May. EPA/PARADISE HELICOPTERS 33/51 5 May 2018 Russian police carrying struggling opposition leader Alexei Navalny at a demonstration against President Vladimir Putin in Moscow. Thousands of demonstrators denouncing Putin's upcoming inauguration into a fourth term gathered in the capital's Pushkin Square. AP 34/51 4 May 2018 Chinese President Xi Jinping speaks at an event to mark Karl Marx’s 200th birthday at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. AP 35/51 3 May 2018 President Vladimir Putin meets with FIFA president Gianni Infantino in Sochi, ahead of the 2018 World Cup in Russia. AFP/Getty 36/51 2 May 2018 Supporters of opposition lawmaker Nikol Pashinyan protest in Republic Square in Yerevan, Armenia. Pashinyan has urged his supporters to block roads, railway stations and airports after the governing Republican Party voted against his election as prime minister. AP 37/51 1 May 2018 Cubans march during the May Day rally at Revolution Square in Havana. AFP/Getty 38/51 30 April 2018 The sky is the limit: A Saudi man and woman fly over the Arabian Sarawat Mountains in the first ever joint wingsuit flight in traditional dress. A symbolic leap of faith towards women’s empowerment in Saudi Arabia. Alwaleed Philanthropies 39/51 29 April 2018 A general view for the damaged railway station in al-Qadam neighborhood, after it was recaptured from Islamic State militants, in the south of Damascus. According to media reports, the Syrian army continued the military offensive it has launched earlier this month against militant groups entrenching in southern Damascus and captured several neighborhoods, including al-Qadam and al-Assali and targeting the remnants of armed groups in al-Hajar al-Aswad and its surrounding in Damascus southern countryside. EPA 40/51 28 April 2018 Comedian Michelle Wolf attends the Celebration After the White House Correspondents' Dinner. Conservatives walked out after Wolf brutally ridiculed President Donald Trump and his aides during her piece. Getty 41/51 27 April 2018 North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and South Korean President Moon Jae-in raise their hands after signing on a joint statement North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, left, and South Korean President Moon Jae-in raise their hands after signing on a joint statement at the border village of Panmunjom in the Demilitarized Zone, South Korea. The Korean War will be formally declared over after 65 years, the North and South have said. At a historic summit between leaders Kim Jong-Un and Moon Jae-in, the neighbouring countries agreed they would work towards peace on the peninsula with a formal end to the conflict set to be announced later this year. The pair agreed to bring the two countries together and establish a "peace zone" on the contested border. Korea Summit Press Pool via AP 42/51 26 April 2018 Women hold portraits of their relatives, who are victims of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, during a commemoration ceremony in Kiev, Ukraine. Reuters 43/51 25 April 2018 Rohingya refugees gather in the "no man's land" behind Myanmar's boder lined with barb wire fences in Maungdaw district, Rakhine state bounded by Bangladesh. Myanmar government said on April 15, it repatriated on April 14 the first family of Rohingya out of some 700,000 refugees who have fled a brutal military campaign, a move slammed by a rights group as a PR stunt ignoring UN warnings that a safe return is not yet possible. AFP/Getty 44/51 24 April 2018 President Donald Trump, French President Emmanuel Macron, first lady Melania Trump and Brigitte Macron hold hands on the White House balcony during a State Arrival Ceremony in Washington. AP 45/51 23 April 2018 A boy walks on a pile of garbage covering a drain in New Delhi. Reuters 46/51 22 April 2018 Newly ordained priests lie on the floor as Pope Francis leads a mass in Saint Peter's Basilica at the Vatican. REUTERS 47/51 21 April 2018 South Koreans cheer during the welcoming event for the inter-Korean summit between South Korea and North Korea in Seoul. The inter-Korean summit is scheduled on April 27, 2018 at the Joint Security Area in Panmunjom, agreed by South Korean President Moon Jae-in and North Korea's leader Kim Jong-un. Getty 48/51 20 April 2018 A Palestinian slings a shot by burning tires on the Israel-Gaza border, following a demonstration calling for the right to return. Palestinian refugees either fled or were expelled from what is now the state of Israel during the 1948 war. AFP/Getty 49/51 19 April 2018 Outgoing Cuban President Raul Castro raising the arm of Cuba's new President Miguel Diaz-Canel after he was formally named by the National Assembly, in Havana. A historic handover ending six decades of rule by the Castro brothers. The 57-year-old Diaz-Canel, who was the only candidate for the presidency, was elected to a five-year term with 603 out of 604 possible votes in the National Assembly. AFP/Getty/www.cubadebate.cu 50/51 18 April 2018 Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan announces early presidential and parliamentary elections for June 24, 2018, at the Presidential Palace, in Ankara. Erdogan announced the snap elections, originally scheduled for November 2019, in a move that will usher in a new political system increasing the powers of the president. He said the new system needed to be implemented quickly in order to deal with a slew of challenges ahead, including Turkey's fight against Kurdish insurgents in Syria and Iraq. AP 51/51 17 April 2018 European lawmakers raise placards reading "Stop the War in Syria" in protest against airstrikes launched by the US, Britain and France in Syria last week criticizing the legitimacy of the operation, as French President Emmanuel Macron delivers his speech at the European Parliament in Strasbourg. Macron is expected to outline his vision for the future of Europe to push for deep reforms of the 19-nation eurozone and will launch a drive to seek European citizens' opinions on the European Union's future. AP
He added that she is a compelling leader because the "Labour or Tories do not believe in free speech."
"I mean, look at the shocking treatment of Tommy Robinson..." he said.
Morrissey continued: "I know the media don’t want Anne Marie Waters and they try to smear her, but they are wrong and they should give her a chance, and they should stop accusing people who want open debate as being ‘racist’. As I said previously, the left has become right-wing and the right-wing has become left - a complete switch, and this is a very unhappy modern Britain."
Morrissey has received criticism and been accused of racism for saying London Mayor Sadiq Khan "can not talk properly."
He also called Nazi leader Hitler "left wing."
Following his contentious statements, he said: "I despise racism. I despise fascism. I would do anything for my Muslim friends, and I know they would do anything for me." |
Removal of four dams along the Klamath River — J.C. Boyle,
Copco 1 and 2, and Iron Gate Dam — by non-profit Klamath
River Renewal Corporation (KRRC), will need to be paired
with a long-term agreement in order to solve long-term water
quality issues for the Klamath River.
That
is, both during and after dam removal, according to Dave
Meurer, newly appointed community liaison for KRRC for
Klamath, Siskiyou and Humboldt counties.
Dam
removal is slated to start as early as 2020, pending
approval by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC),
according to Meurer, and he confirmed it’s likely that fish
could die as sediment flows downstream.
Meurer
is confident that the dams will be removed, looking at past
backing by the states of Oregon and California, and
PacifiCorp, the owner of the hydroelectric dams, as well as
the Departments of Interior and Commerce.
“If I
did not believe this was happening and that dam removal was
a certainty, I would not have recently quit my job and
joined this organization,” Meurer said. “I am highly
convinced that this is moving forward.”
FERC
still needs to sign off on the project, Meurer said.
KRRC
has hired Los Angeles-based AECOM, which Meurer called a
“gargantuan” firm known world-wide for dam removal.
“The
short-term, it’s going to hammer the river pretty hard,”
Meurer said. “There’s going to be a lot of sediment moving
through the system that is not friendly to fish. But all the
fishery’s biologists and agencies that weighed in on this
said this would be a short-term hit for a very long-term
gain.
“There
would be an unavoidable impact,” Meurer added. “But they’re
going to try to do this sediment release during the time
that is going to be least damaging to the fishery. So we are
going to be aiming for that very specific window precisely
to minimize, avoid as much as possible, impacts to key
species of fish.”
If
fish are not prospering, then everybody pays a price, Meurer
said.
“I
still see the Basin farmers being in a highly vulnerable
position from a regulatory and legal point of view because
of fish Endangered Species Act (ESA) issues, water quality
issues. So this attempt by KRRC to restore the river,
restore the fishery is also an attempt to bring long-term
stability and prosperity to the region, and that includes
the ag economy.
“We’ve
been lurching from ESA crisis to ESA crisis for too long and
I understand there are concerns people have about is the
water too impaired.”
Anticipated water quality issues for the Klamath River are
what make this project trickier than other dam removal
projects, according to Meurer.
“In
this case, we have some really difficult water quality
problems,” Meurer said. “There are already enormous efforts
underway to improve water quality and there are a lot of
restoration efforts.
“Dam
removal; it will take care of the blue green algae issue,”
he emphasized. “It will make a difference in C. Shasta
disease. The dam removal piece doesn’t complete the water
quality requirements that are going to be needed to get the
Klamath from being a sick patient back into being healthy.”
Meurer
said KRRC officials are aware that dam removal in and of
itself is not a complete solution but a necessary step in
process to address concerns, both short and longterm.
“(KRRC) … they’re fully cognizant that they’re has to be a
phase II or else this would really not be successful,”
Meurer said.
“Dam
removal in and of itself does not really resolve some really
key water quality issues. There will have to be some other
agreement going forward,” Meurer added. “There will have to
be something, probably at the congressional level that will
require appropriations.”
He
said KRRC echoes the belief that more beyond dam removal is
needed as a long-term solution.
“Although this is a very large and ambitious program, it is
not unprecedented to perform a dam removal and then see a
positive response from the fishery,” Meurer said.
Meurer
detailed that dam removal, for which there hasn’t been a
determined start date, will be a slow and carefully
controlled draining process that would likely take place in
the months of January and February. Meurer said he couldn’t
specify a year but said, following the “draw down” of water
from the dam.
An
estimated 15-20 million cubic yards of “very fine” sediment
could wash down the river and into the Pacific Ocean,
according to Meurer.
“There’s a lot of sediment built up behind the dams and when
they start start drawing down the dams, that sediment is
going to be transported downstream,” Meurer said.
Meurer
said that left-over sediment would make up the riverbank,
which would return to a naturally vegetative state.
Meurer
said KRRC believes any concerns about the contents of the
sediment are diminished by a letter the non-profit received
from the Environmental Protection Agency.
“The
trajectory we’re on right now is not good,” Meurer said, in
comparison. We are very close to extinction frankly on
Spring Chinook and numbers are down on the fall run 10
percent of historic numbers. The trajectory has to change,
and that is the goal of this project.
Benefits of dam removal will make an impact as well,
according to Meurer.
“You’re going to get rid of that ongoing seasonal toxic
algae bloom that happens behind some reservoirs,” Meurer
said. “That’s a chronic issue. That water becomes dangerous,
not just for fish, but for people, and you don’t want to let
your dog jump in the river either.”
Admittedly not a biologist or fisheries expert, Meurer said
ample research backs the need for dam removal.
“An
enormous amount of work has gone into researching this
before proceeding and there is a pretty deep scientific
consensus that you can make a lot of difference with this
project,” Meurer said. “And it begins with the work that
KRRC is performing.”
KRRC community liaison to strengthen ties
Dave Meurer, recently named as community liaison for non-profit
Klamath River Renewal Corporation (KRRC), recalled Wednesday
what it was like to watch the water shutoffs of 2001 unfold in
the Klamath Basin.
At the time, Meurer was serving as legislative staff for
California Congressman Wally Herger, a position he held for more
than 20 years. Meurer will now serve as a point person for
communities in Klamath, Siskiyou, and Humboldt counties on the
more than $450 million removal of four Klamath River dams.
“I saw first-hand, I was up there meeting with constituents,
attending hearings, attending rallies and just saw the
incredible amount of devastation that brought to that regional
economy,” Meurer said in a phone interview Wednesday.
“That was a crushing blow and there was a mad scramble to get
the water turned back on,” Meurer added.
Meurer continued to follow water conflicts in the Basin
following the shutoffs. He recently left a longtime position to
serve as the KRRC's community liaison to ensure the community is
made aware of all that's involved in the process to remove the
dams.
“I will be traveling extensively throughout Southern Oregon and
Northern California,” Meurer said. “If I can play some kind of
constructive role here, I would like to do so.”
Meurer comes to the position having spent years as a legislative
and senatorial staffer for both U.S. Rep. Herger and Sen. Ted
Gaines,R-El Dorado Hills. He also holds a Bachelor of Arts
degree from California State University in political science and
communication studies.
With roots in Corning, Chico and Red Bluff, Calif., Meurer
currently calls Redding home, and may eventually work remotely
in the Basin, though nothing has been finalized.
He's logging miles this week between tribal consultation
meetings with FERC, which is holding a public meeting at 10 a.m.
Thursday in Chiloquin, with intervenors, including the Klamath
Tribes.
Although Meurer's schedule doesn't allow him to be present at
the meeting Thursday, Meurer said two KRRC board members will be
on-hand at the meeting, including former Oregon Gov. Ted
Kulongoski, a Democrat.
While much of Meurer's work has been in California, Meurer said
he's familiar with Klamath Water User's Association and worked
with Scott White, current executive director, and former
executive director Greg Addington.
“I want to strengthen those ties and I want to get more deeply
involved with Klamath County,” he said.
“I'm going to try to make myself available, either regularly
attending meetings of the (Siskiyou) Board of Supervisors,
(Klamath County) board of commissioners up in Oregon, various
invitations to various stakeholder groups, but also just
community folks who are interested in what's going on. I'll be
interacting with the EDC (Economic Development Corporation) and
the chambers of commerce. There are a lot of interested parties
and I am going to try to be making the rounds on a very regular
basis.”
~Holly Dillemuth
Impacts of dam removal on native fish
From Klamath River Renewal
Corporation
"What are the negative impacts of this project to native fish?
Dam removal and the release of sediments will kill all the
fish."
■ The impacts from dam removal on lower river salmonids
(particularly sediment impacts) would be short-term, and would
last 1-2 years, with populations recovered from those sediment
impacts by 5 years.
■ Reservoir species are not expected to survive in the colder
river waters post dam removal.
Additional information
■ Dam removal and the release of sediments would unavoidably
impact fish, particularly in the first year. To mitigate the
concern, the Detailed Plan for dam removal would draw down the
three reservoirs in January and February of 2020 when salmon are
most sparse in the main-stem Klamath River and are primarily
present downstream, in tributaries and the ocean.
■The studies project the following impacts in the first year
after dam removal under low-flow or worst-case conditions:
■ An 8 percent basin-wide mortality for juvenile coho salmon and
less than 1 percent for adult coho salmon,
■ Basin-wide mortality for adult and juvenile steelhead of about
28 percent and 19 percent, respectively, under worst-case,
low-flow conditions. Mortality for steelhead would be about 14
percent for both adults and juveniles under more normal flow
conditions.
■ The studies further project that salmon and steelhead
populations would recover to pre-dam removal levels in 1-2 years
and increase in subsequent years. Fall Chinook productions would
increase about 80 percent following dam removal. Harvest of
these fish would increase about 47 percent in the ocean, 55
percent for tribes, and 9 percent for in-river sport fisheries.
"There
are tons of sediments behind the dams and they are toxic. What
will happen when these sediments are released?"
Accumulated sediment within the reservoir has been tested and no
contaminants have been detected in violation of human health or
drinking water standards. Of the approximately 15 million cubic
yards of sediment behind the four dams, between 5 and 9 million
cubic yards will erode downstream soon after dam removal and the
remainder will remain behind, effectively becoming soil that
would be replanted with native vegetation.
"Sediment delivery post dam removal will have negative impacts.
How much sediment is behind the dams and how will it move
downstream?"
There will be approximately 15 million cubic yards behind the
dams by 2020. About 5 to 9 million cubic yards of sediment (36
percent to 57 percent of the total, depending on flow conditions
during dam removal) will travel downstream soon after dam
removal and the remainder will become soil that will be
replanted with native vegetation.
Of the sediments that travel downstream, about 85 percent will
be silt and clay that will be suspended in winter and spring
flows and carried down to the Pacific Ocean within months after
dam removal. The other 15 percent will be sand and gravel that
will be transported through the river system over years or
decades depending on flow conditions. Modeling estimates about
18 inches of coarser sediment will be deposited along a
five-mile reach downstream of Iron Gate dam soon after dam
removal. Deposits will be progressively thinner further
downstream, becoming less than three inches thick about 10 miles
downstream of Iron Gate dam.
KRRC is undertaking further engineering and hydraulic studies to
assure a comprehensive understanding of sediment transport,
subject to public comment and then review by FERC and other
regulators.
The States and FERC will evaluate impacts from this sediment and
determine mitigation.
====================================================
In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C.
section 107, any copyrighted material
herein is distributed without profit or
payment to those who have expressed a
prior interest in receiving this
information for non-profit research and
educational purposes only. For more
information go to:
http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml |
Drug-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborns: a review.
Persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) is a disease characterised by the disruption of the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation with the persistence of high pulmonary vascular resistances and right-to left shunting. This condition, occurring in about 1-2 newborns per 1000 live births, causes severe hypoxemia. Despite significant improvements in treatment, the mortality of PPHN varies from 10 to 20 % of affected newborns. Pulmonary hypertension is frequently observed in some cardiac malformation and in congenital diaphragmatic hernia, in meconium aspiration syndrome, neonatal sepsis, podalic presentation and male sex. Maternal risk factors are tobacco smoking, cesarean section, low socio-economic conditions, diabetes and urinary infections. Another predisposing condition is antenatal or postnatal exposure to some drugs. The medications involved in drug-induced pulmonary hypertension and the mechanisms involved are reviewed. |
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