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Writer(s): Rodgers/Hart If they asked me, I could write a book;About the way you walk, and whisper;And look.I could write a preface;On how we met;That the world will never forget.And the simple;Secret of the plot;Is just to tell them;That I love you, alot.Then the world discovers;As my book ends;How to make two lovers of friends |
Kakamigahara (Japan): Japanese team acknowledging the crowd's appreciation after they drew with Malaysia to enter the final of the Olympic Hockey Qualifier at Gifu Perfectural Green Stadium at Kakamigahara on 12 April 2008. Japan drew with Malaysia 3-3.
Photo: GNN/ Vino John |
Q:
Did Time magazine aid Al Capone?
Note: maybe this should be on the law stack exchange, I really am not sure!
In 1930, Al Capone made the cover of Time Magazine. Assuming this image was taken by Time Magazine, they would have had to call in Al Capone, have him sit for a headshot, and let him leave. Wouldn't this be considered aiding and abetting a criminal in that they knew who he was but didn't try in any way to stop him or arrest him? I asked a teacher about it and he said laws were different back then- but were they so different that aiding a criminal wasn't illegal? If it was illegal, why didn't the federal government do anything?
Note #2: if this should be broken up into more than one question, also, please let me know! Thank you!
A:
Leaving aside the fact that Al Capone was not actually wanted by the police at that point (for lack of sufficient evidence that could lead to a guilty verdict) as @C.Monsour pointed out:
The whole idea of much of the jurisdiction surrounding the press, the special status afforded to journalists, is that they are allowed, indeed expected to talk to all kinds of people, including those who are "wanted", fugitives, or would otherwise face less favorable handling by police, intelligence agencies, or governments. Without having to disclose the whereabouts, or even identity, of their sources.
Journalists are in the business of reporting both sides of a story, not in apprehending -- or helping to apprehend -- people the executive branch might consider criminals. If there were something inherently wrong in journalists not arresting a wanted person, they could not conduct interviews with e.g. whistleblowers, illegal immigrants, terrorists, etc. etc.
To the contrary, the fact that they are very much not in the business of apprehending / arresting people is what protects journalists. Like battlefield medics, they are protected by the very fact that they do not get involved, just report what is happening, and can therefore be considered "neutral" in that regard.
A:
Note: @C.Monsour's comment should be the definitive answer to this question. Capone was not a fugitive. If @CMonsour will provide that as an answer, I'd urge all to upvote it and urge OP to accept the answer as authoritative.
I am not a lawyer, but I interpret "aiding and abetting" differently.
Aiding and abetting is a legal doctrine related to the guilt of someone who aids or abets in the commission of a crime (or in another's suicide). Wikipedia
and
In all cases of aiding and abetting, it must be shown a crime has been committed, but not necessarily who committed it. Ibid
When he was sitting for a photograph, was he committing a crime? If not, then the photographer was not "aiding and abetting". (Aside: I seriously doubt that they called Capone in to sit - Newspapers go to the story, they don't ask the story to come to them).
Did they send a photographer to take the headshot, or did they use a stock photo? Or did they purchase the photo from a stringer? If they invited him to the office, then there might have been counter-charges of entrapment, although I don't know how Illinois dealt with that at the time.
The question suggests that they should have arrested him. Still not a lawyer, but the power of citizen's arrest is very limited. I believe this power would be governed by state law, and I'm not familiar with 1930's Illinois law, but the Wikipedia summary is:
In the United States a private person may arrest another without a warrant, for a crime occurring in their presence. For which crimes this is permitted may vary state by state. Wikipedia
Once again, if the photographer didn't observe the crime, then the citizen's arrest might not be legal; I even think it is plausible that it would complicate police's attempt to arrest Capone.
Finally, one must consider Freedom of the press. @Devsolar's answer on this issue is superior, although I wish it explicitly called out to the First Amendment's protection of Freedom of the Press, which would make it very difficult for the government to prosecute a journalist for performing a legitimate journalistic function.
A:
That would generally only apply if he was run from the law at the time, and a case could be made that Time Magazine was somehow helping him hide by putting his picture on their cover.
It sounds like you are assuming he was charged with serious crimes pretty much his whole adult life, and the only impediment to putting him in jail was law enforcement being able to find him. That was certainly not the case.
In fact, Capone was regularly arrested for relatively petty things. In 1930 alone he started the year in jail for gun possesion, got released in March, was arrested for "Vagrancy" in Florida, charged with Perjury and acquitted, charged with "Vagrancy" in Chicago, and tried and convicted on Contempt of Court.
The point of this is that he was never all that hard for the Law to get hold of when they wanted to. It would be tough to argue that Time helped him commit these crimes in any way.
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<?php
/**
* @package Newscoop
* @copyright 2014 Sourcefabric o.p.s.
* @license http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
*/
namespace Newscoop\Entity\Repository;
use Doctrine\ORM\EntityRepository;
use Newscoop\Entity\Attachment;
use Newscoop\Entity\Translation;
use Doctrine\ORM\Query;
/**
* Attrachment Repository
*/
class AttachmentRepository extends EntityRepository
{
/**
* Get all attachments
*
* @return Query
*/
public function getAttachments()
{
$query = $this->createQueryBuilder('i')
->getQuery();
return $query;
}
/**
* Get single attachment by id
*
* @param int $number
*
* @return Query
*/
public function getAttachment($number)
{
$query = $this->createQueryBuilder('a')
->andWhere('a.id = :number')
->setParameter('number', $number)
->getQuery();
return $query;
}
/**
* Get attachment decritpion
* @param int $attachmentId
*
* @return Translation
*/
public function getDescription($attachmentId)
{
$em = $this->getEntityManager();
$attachment = $em->getRepository('Newscoop\Entity\Attachment')
->findOneById($attachmentId);
$description = $em->getRepository('Newscoop\Entity\Translation')
->findBy(array(
'phraseId' => $attachment->getDescriptionId(),
'language' => $attachment->getLanguage()
));
return $description;
}
}
|
Cellular events associated with autoimmune oophoritis and ovarian tumorigenesis in neonatally thymectomized mice.
Thymectomy at 3 days of age (Tx-3) in (C3H/HeMs x 129/J)F1 (C31) female mice results in post-pubertal ovarian dysgenesis associated with high levels of circulating auto-oocyte antibodies (AOA) prior to ovarian tumor formation. Evidence suggests that the etiology for the ovarian dysgenesis resulting from Tx-3 is autoimmune and involves helper T cell abnormalities. The present study characterized circulating leukocytes and mitogenic activity using concanavalin A (ConA) with serologically selected spleen T cells. We observed no sustained abnormalities in either number of circulating leukocytes or percentages of granulocytes or lymphocytes. Circulating mononuclear cells with positive immunofluorescence for Thy 1.2 and Lyt 1.1+Lyt 1.2 cell markers were similar in all mice. However, the spleen cells from Tx-3 mice with ovarian dysgenesis remaining after adsorption with antisera to the Lyt 2.1+Lyt 2.2 antigens (helper T cells remaining) showed increased incorporation of [3H]thymidine compared to the intact mice. This stimulated activity occurred during the periods of early ovarian dysgenesis and active tumor growth. Apparently, the autoimmune oophoritis results from an imbalance within the Lyt 1 cells which may represent a primary insult to the ovary that results in later ovarian tumor development. |
This article is available from: <http://casesjournal.com/casesjournal/article/view/7983>
Introduction {#s01}
============
During the last years it is more than evident that the prevalence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB), mainly in western European countries, has risen significantly. The aetiology of this phenomenon is multifactorial. The main parameters are the development of drug-resistant strains of *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*, aging population demographics, massive refugee waves from high prevalence for tuberculosis disease territories, increase in the number of health care workers exposed to the disease and the rising number of people with immunosuppression \[[@bib-001],[@bib-002]\]. Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is often difficult. The genitourinary system is a usual extrapulmonary location. The most common manifestation of abdominal tuberculosis is lymphadenopathy and ileocecal involvement is present in 80%-90% of patients. Central nervous system tuberculosis involvement has various manifestations, such as meningitis, tuberculoma, abscess, cerebritis, and miliary tuberculosis. Spinal tuberculosis accounts for approximately 50% of cases of skeletal tuberculosis \[[@bib-003]\]. The most common location is L1 (lumbar) vertebra although more than one vertebral bodies are typically affected. The disease process most often begins in the anterior part of the vertebral body adjacent to the end plate. Later on the disk space is involved via a number of routes. Pott's disease, is a rare presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that affects spine, vertebrae and intevertebral joints. The disease is named after Percivall Pott (1714-1788) description, a surgeon in London, U.K. The disease is also called tuberculous spondylitis and is mostly localized in the thoracic portion of the spine. Herein, we present a case of miliary tuberculosis complicated by tuberculous spondylitis, which was confronted by administration of regressive treatment before the establishment of the definite diagnosis.
Case presentation {#s02}
=================
A 78-year-old Caucasian man of Greek origin, 80 kg in weight, 174 cm in height, non-smoker, was referred to Grevena State Hospital, Greece, complaining for a left shoulder pain, which was aggravated by movement. He also reported rigor and fever between 37°5 and 38°C, persisting for one month. Ten days before his first admission, he was examined by an orthopaedic surgeon and had received analgesic-anti-inflammatory drugs without any clinical improvement. From his personal medical history, the patient reported multiple medical visits complaining of persistent cough and abundant purulent sputum without fever for years. Due to these symptoms he was subjected to two CT scans of the thorax and one fiberoptic bronchoscopy without any conclusive results. For the last two years, he was thought to suffer from episodes of chronic bronchitis. On admission, a postero-anterior chest radiograph was performed which revealed multiple diffuse small opacities at both lungs ([Figure 1](#fig-001){ref-type="fig"}), which prompted further investigation. Physical examination revealed temperature 38.3°C, heart rate 100 beats/min, 18 inspirations/min, and blood pressure 110/60 mmHg. Auscultation of the lungs was not conclusive; some fine crackles were audible. White blood cell (WBC) count was 16.2 × 10^9^/L, with 86.3% neutrophils, 4.3% lymphocytes, 7.7% monocytes, 1.6% eosinophils). Platelets (PLT):512000/mm^3^, haematocrit (Ht):29.1%, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 102 mm/h and C-reactive protein 20.97 mg/dl (normal value \< 0.8 mg/dl). Biochemical tests revealed increased transaminases with serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT): 132 IU, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT): 90 IU and hypoalbuminaemia with serum albumins 2.30 g/dL, total protein 5.90 g/dl and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): 149 IU/L. Urine test was normal. Tuberculin skin reaction was negative. Consecutive blood cultures were negative. Chest computer tomography (CT) showed lymphadenopathy of the mediastinum, a mass of smooth consistency laterally to the left at the level of T~2~ (thoracic) vertebra, accompanied by osteolytic erosions of the vertebral bodies of the second to the fifth thoracic vertebrae ([Figure 2](#fig-002){ref-type="fig"}). Additionally, multiple bilaterally diffused opacities giving the picture of 'bud in tree' ([Figure 3](#fig-003){ref-type="fig"}) and a very small bubble filled with air, were revealed. The radiologists' diagnosis was miliary tuberculosis complicated with tuberculous spondylitis accompanied by a small lung abscess. The abdomen and cerebral CT were normal. Gram stain and cultures for common bacteria were taken from sputum secretions. They were negative for *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*. Bronchoscopy one month later was negative for endobronchial mass and non revelatory for tuberculosis; however, an atrophy of the mucosa was noted. On cytology, bronchial aspirate was negative at cultivation for Koch's bacillus; a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also negative. Antituberculous chemotherapy, with isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol, was initiated from the first day of admission. After 3 days of hospitalization, a repeated chest CT revealed improvement of findings. Clinical improvement was noted after the first week of therapy. Ht increased towards normal limits and ESR was significantly decreased. Transaminasemia was diminished. The patient after his discharged followed the anti-TB therapy for one year. During this period, he was followed up periodically by a pneumonologist. Four months later, chest radiograph and thoracic CT showed a significant improvement. On the 12^th^ month of therapy, thoracic CT revealed a complete remission ([Figures 4](#fig-004){ref-type="fig"} and [5](#fig-004){ref-type="fig"}).
{#fig-001}
{#fig-002}
{#fig-003}
######
CT of the thorax after one year treatment revealing a healthy patient.
Discussion {#s03}
==========
Miliary tuberculosis (or disseminated TB) is a form of tuberculosis which is characterized by wide dissemination into the human body and by the tiny size of the lesions (1-5 mm). It is caused by the widespread hematogenous dissemination of *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*. Classic miliary TB is defined as millet-like (mean 2 mm, range 1-5 mm) seeding of TB bacilli in the lung, as evidenced on chest radiography. Miliary TB may occur in an individual organ (very rare, \<5%) or may affect any number of organs throughout the whole body (\>90%), including brain, lungs, liver, and spleen. It is a complication of 1-3% of all TB cases \[[@bib-004]\].
Miliary TB may mimic many diseases. Symptoms including fever, night sweats, weight loss, hematologic abnormalities, cough, pleurisy, dyspnea, and hemoptysis are not necessarily specific. In some case series, up to 50% of cases are not diagnosed antemortem. If untreated, the mortality rate is assumed to be close to 100%, but with early and appropriate treatment, the mortality rate is reduced to less than 10%. Therefore, a high index of clinical suspicion is important to obtain an early diagnosis and to ensure improved clinical outcomes \[[@bib-004]\]. Early empirical treatment for possible but not yet definitive miliary TB increases the likelihood of survival and should never be withheld while test results are pending.
Skeletal tuberculosis comprises 35% of cases presenting extrapulmonary tuberculous manifestations. Skeletal tuberculosis includes entities such as spinal tuberculosis (Pott's disease), articular tuberculosis, Poncet's disease (rare, acute sterile polyarthritis associated with visceral involvement) and tuberculous osteomyelitis.
Tuberculosis of the spine is an uncommon form of tuberculosis occurring in less than 1% of patients with tuberculosis \[[@bib-005],[@bib-006]\]. Typical radiographic changes indicative of Pott's disease include vertebral destruction and narrowing of the intervertebral space seen on plain radiographs. Correlative CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could aid substantially in the diagnosis of spinal TB due to their ability to show lytic lesions and adjacent abscess formation. CT scan could be considered the most useful radiologic tool both for the diagnosis and determining the extent of the disease. In our patient CT scan revealed positive findings such as anterior vertebral body destruction and paraspinal abscess. In addition, the diagnosis may be confirmed by CT guided needle aspiration biopsy. The samples obtained are assessed with stains for acid fast bacilli, culture and histological examination. It is essential prompt diagnosis to be established and early treatment to be administered in order to prevent neurological deficit and irreversible damage \[[@bib-007],[@bib-008]\].
Spinal tuberculosis is a chronic and slowly progresive disease with prolonged symptomatology. The clinical history, as well as the presenting condition of the patient, are important but not always reliable for an immediate diagnosis. Pain is the most common presenting symptom. It usually has an insidious onset and may be mechanical in nature during the initial stages of the disease. Systemic symptoms arise with progression of disease. Persistent spinal pain and local tenderness, limitation of spinal mobility, febrile state, and neurologic complications including paralytic phenomena, present as the destruction continues. Other symptoms are reflective of chronic illness including malaise, weight loss, and fatigue \[[@bib-005]\]. Diagnosis is frequently not suspected in patients with no evidence of extraspinal tuberculosis. The clinical presentation together with the radiologic appearance of the spine and a positive tuberculin test may suggest spinal tuberculosis. The diagnosis must be confirmed by evidence of acid-fast bacilli from the bone or body fluids. To our best knowledge, association of miliary tuberculosis and Pott's disease is rather rare with only two cases being reported in the English literature \[[@bib-008],[@bib-009]\]. The physician could easily miss the diagnosis since this association presents a rare clinical entity.
Our patient had negative tuberculin skin test as well as negative sputum cytology and cultivation for Koch's bacillus after bronchoscopy although he presented pertinacious clinical signs and had rather suspicious radiological findings. The clinical and radiologic features of extrapulmonary tuberculosis may mimic those of many diseases. A high index of suspicion is required, especially in high-risk populations. Although a positive chest radiograph or positive tuberculin skin test supports the diagnosis, negative results do not exclude the possibility of extrapulmonary tuberculosis \[[@bib-010]\].
Anti-TB therapy can minimize morbidity and mortality but it may be initiated empirically. A negative smear for acid-fast bacillus, the lack of granulomas on histopathology, and failure to culture *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* do not exclude diagnosis. Novel diagnostic modalities such as adenosine deaminase levels and polymerase chain reaction method can be useful in certain forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
In general, the same regimens are used to treat pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and responses to antituberculous therapy are similar in patients with immunosuppressive disease as well as in those without. Our patient proved to be a potentially easily misdiagnosed case since most of the basic laboratory findings regarding tuberculosis were negative. Nevertheless, an empirical initiation of anti-TB treatment based on his previous and present clinical manifestations was proved quite beneficial while more extensive laboratory tests such as CT imaging and CT guided needle aspiration biopsy were pending.
At present, the treatment of Pott's disease remains controversial. Some advocate conservative treatment with late spinal fusion and others early spinal fusion followed by conservative treatment. Surgical treatment should include anti-TB medication and abscess decompression \[[@bib-011]-[@bib-013]\]. Chemotherapy remained the cornerstone in our patient. During his follow up there was strong evidence of significant improvement after anti-TB chemotherapy without any neurological deficit or damage been observed.
Conclusion {#s04}
==========
Tuberculous spondylitis is considered an extremely rare clinical entity known also as Pott's disease. In the era of modern imaging modalities and effective anti-TB medication, TB appears to be a disease too frequently forgotten by clinicians and underemphasized by academic scholars. Misdiagnosis and delay in treatment are common events. A high degree of suspicion is necessary in order to avoid delays that may result in irreversible damage and high mortality rate. In patients presenting with chronic symptomatology of the lungs and suspicious radiological presentation, the clinicians should proceed to further clinical and laboratory tests, even if Mantoux test and sputum cultivation are negative. It is also suggested to administer treatment before definite diagnosis. Clinicians should consider Pott's disease in the differential diagnosis of patients with back or shoulder pain and possible destructive vertebral lesions. Proper diagnosis and anti-TB treatment with or without surgery will result in cure.
Consent
=======
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.
Competing interests
===================
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
======================
EP was involved in patient's medical care and in literature review. CG was involved in patient's medical care, in conception of the report and manuscript preparation. II was involved in literature review and manuscript editing. KC was involved in manuscript design and control, being the supervisor of the team. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
ESR
: erythrocyte sedimentation rate
LDH
: lactate dehydrogenase
PCR
: polymerase chain reaction
PLT
: platelets
SGOT
: serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
SGPT
: serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase
TB
: tuberculosis
WBC
: white blood cell
|
Q:
How to compute prediction error from Relevance Vector Machine and Gaussian Process Regression?
Does anyone know how to construct a confidence interval for predicting a new test value given a trained Relevance Vector Machine (rvm) and/or Gaussian Process Regression (gausspr) using the kernlab R package?
More specifically, how do I get:
The standard error/deviation (variance) of a new test point;
The parameters estimates of posterior distribution of the parameters?
I would appreciate if anyone could point to a document that discuss how to obtain/calculate the above, from the output of function call (rvm or gausspr).
A:
Ok, here's the scoop: first off, have a look at my class in Berkeley. The slides for GP regression should be up shortly at http://alex.smola.org/teaching/berkeley2012 where I discuss this in more detail.
For a GP regression you can integrate out the latent GP and since the observation model and the underlying GP are both Gaussian, you get a Gaussian again. In math this means that
$$y = t + \epsilon.$$
Here $t$ is drawn from a GP and $\epsilon$ are independent Gaussian random variables. Once you have the GP representation for $y$, you can simply condition on the observed terms to get the residual variance for the rest. This yields something of the form
$$E[y'|y] = \mu' + K_{x'x} K_{xx}^{-1} (y - \mu)$$
and the variance is
$$K_{x'x'} - K_{x'x} K_{xx}^{-1} K_{xx'}.$$
Obviously here we added the noise for $\epsilon$ to the main diagonal. For the relevance vector machine this isn't quite so trivial since it assumes a rather different noise model. So you cannot integrate out the latent variables explicitly. Have a look at my book 'Learning with Kernels' or alternatively Mike Tipping's original paper for the details.
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Revenge of the Baseball Gods
Two airplanes destroyed the Twin Towers, and two boys went back to the rest of their lives.
"Outside the Lines" revisits the battle between Danny Almonte and Matt Cerda in the 2001 Little League World Series.
Nineteen days before, these boys had played a crisp Little League World Series ballgame, a ballgame that would make one of them an icon and one of them weep. The tall one was Danny Almonte, all arms, legs and strikeouts. He was 5-foot-9, bigger than his head coach, left-handed and master of four pitches. His repertoire was fastball, changeup, curveball, slider -- all this at the supposed age of 12 -- and, from 46 feet away, these weren't pitches so much as blurs and shadows and molecules. The tiny one, the one who intended to take Almonte to the gap, was Matthew Cerda, owner of a preposterous .875 batting average. He was a 4-foot-10, 82-pound spitfire, the puniest, youngest player in the tournament, but also the most likely to break up the no-hitter everybody assumed Almonte was going to throw. Just days prior, Almonte had tossed the first perfect game in the 44-year history of the Little League World Series, whiffing 16 of 18, and now he was back again, in the United States semifinals, to face the tyke of all tykes: Cerda.
What happened that night, and over the ensuing 19 days, consumed and captivated the country. It was hyperbole followed by fraud, a feel-good story that ultimately felt bad, an infatuation that morphed into private investigations and magazine exposés and medals being stripped and a confused Dominican boy being paparazzi'd. It was the end of Little League innocence, until, 19 days later, came the real end of innocence: 2,751 dead at the World Trade Center.
After 9/11, the Danny Almonte scandal didn't entirely go away, but the heat was off. And that enabled two boys to go back to baseball, to see where it could lead them, to see whether they could go someplace huge.
AP Photo/Chris Gardner Danny Almonte didn't look like a 12-year-old on the mound at the 2001 Little League World Series ... and it turned out that he wasn't.
Too big, too strong, too good to be true
If she'd had to take a stab at it back in August 2001, Jo Marie Cerda would have guessed 17.
That's how old Almonte looked to her as the Little League World Series commenced on a red-hot day in South Williamsport, Pa. The give-away, she thought, was the harem of blond Pennsylvania girls, always on his hip, always sitting just a picnic blanket away. She remembers his Adam's apple, the veins popping from his neck. She had her own 17-year-old son at home, who looked just like this, and she was convinced that, given a pair of car keys, Danny Almonte was brazen and mature enough to drive straight to Pittsburgh.
"Outside the Lines" For more about Danny Almonte and Matt Cerda, watch "Outside the Lines" at 3 p.m. ET on Friday on ESPN. Also, SportsCenter will catch up with Almonte on Sunday at 10:30 a.m. ET.
On the other hand, her younger son, Matthew, who'd just turned 11 in late June, paid no attention to girls. Girls had cooties. Matthew's idea of a good time was an hour in the batting cage, or curling up after dinner to watch Web Gems on "Baseball Tonight." He was his father's son, a baseballaholic who swung at his first real fastball at the age of 4. Every time his big brother got into a right-handed batting stance, he'd stand opposite him in a left-handed stance -- which is how he became a lefty hitter. His nickname was "One More," because at the end of every midget baseball practice, he'd beg for one more ground ball or one more hack or one more game of pepper. He wrote an essay in the fourth grade, about how he hoped to be a big leaguer someday, and his teacher scolded him, telling him he "needed to accept reality.'' Jo Marie was livid at that because she'd always told her son, "Honey, you can be whatever you want to be." Matthew was offended, too, but as the LLWS was about to kick off that August, the honest truth was this: The boy didn't look a day over 8.
So, how he and Almonte could end up on the same field, in the same tournament, in the same batter's box was a crime -- literally -- but it sure made for riveting television, the perfect Brent Musburger moment. The almighty Almonte, from the Bronx, vs. mighty mite Cerda, from Oceanside, just outside San Diego. East vs. West, Goliath vs. David, the Little Big Unit vs. Tanner from "Bad News Bears."
Subplots were everywhere. Oceanside had been the last team to clinch a World Series spot, and had flown hurriedly to Williamsport from San Bernardino only two days before the opening ceremony. Their kids were so weary, several fell off the top of their dorm bunk beds, and had to be checked for concussions. They also had to find an emergency catcher, because their regular backstop was battling tendinitis in his knee. Coach Daryl Wasano had a replacement in mind, but when the kid heard he'd have to wear a protective cup, he wailed, "I can't wear that!" Which is when Cerda, the runt infielder, stepped up and said, "I'll do it. I'll catch. I'll play anywhere."
All that week, the players had been bombarded by the Almonte hype machine. They'd been told his pitches topped out at 76 mph, the equivalent -- given the short distance between Little League mound and plate -- of a 103-mph big league fastball. They all went to see him pitch his perfect game against Apopka, Fla., and they walked away hyperventilating. According to Little League rules, Almonte could pitch only every other game, and they half-hoped and half-dreaded they'd see him in the semifinals, unless the Bronx coaches decided to save him for the final, which seemed unlikely.
AP Photo/Rusty Kennedy Almonte's dominating perfect game against Apopka, Fla., definitely got the attention of the kids from Oceanside, Calif.
"The Bronx knew, in order to get past us, they'd have to throw him against us," Wasano says. "I told our kids, 'This will be the game of the tournament.'"
Sure enough, the Bronx named Almonte its semifinal starter, and ESPN2 scheduled the game for prime time. It rained much of the day, and, in the underbelly of the stadium, the Oceanside coaches tried to simulate Almonte's pitches by standing just 20 feet away from home plate and firing no-holds-barred fastballs. "Oh, yeah, we were just pegging them," says one of the coaches, Dennis Carroll. "We were so close that if you wanted more children, you'd better not be throwing."
Cerda, naturally, volunteered to bat leadoff that night. The kid was 7-for-8 for the World Series thus far, his only out a line drive to third. Tony Gwynn, the Padres superstar who'd been watching back home, told a reporter, "That's the sweetest swing I've ever seen from a kid that age," and Cerda was hitting the ball so squarely there were dents all over his trusty aluminum bat. All that said, Cerda's dad, Mike -- the team's third-base coach -- was wary. Before the opening at-bat against Almonte, he told his son to take a pitch, just to see how 103 mph felt.
"Pretty fast, if you ask me," Matthew recalls.
That entire first at-bat was a blink -- called strike, swinging strike, swinging strike. Cerda wasn't sure whether he'd just seen a curve or a slider. "I mean, I didn't even know what a slider looked like," he says.
Cerda's second at-bat also lasted about 10 nanoseconds. Cerda faked a bunt, missed a bunt and swung wildly at a slider -- then jogged, cringing, to the dugout. "I just hated striking out," he says. "I was pouting, crying, because I wanted it so bad."
Heading into the top of the fifth inning, there was no score in the game. The Oceanside starter, a skateboarding whiz named Thomas Eukovich, who was hurling it 65 mph, had matched Almonte pitch for pitch, and quickly retired the first two batters. But pinch hitter Santo Sierra singled for the Bronx, and pinch runner Reynaldo Guava scooted to third on an ensuing double down the right-field line. On the replay, Musburger and his broadcast partner, Orel Hershiser, noticed Guava had missed second base, and a Eukovich relative -- watching on TV -- dialed Eukovich's father, Joe, in the stands. Someone rushed to tell Wasano to appeal the play, and the Oceanside fans began howling to the players: Touch second base! Touch second!
That's when Cerda asserted himself. He rushed halfway to the mound, urging everyone to simmer down. He then directed Eukovich to throw to second base for an appeal, but the infield umpire called the runner safe. The Oceanside fans were apoplectic, but, again, Cerda kept the peace. Wasano called for an intentional walk, loading the bases, hoping Eukovich could retire the Bronx's Rolando Torres.
On the first pitch, Torres hit a nubber in front of home plate. Both Eukovich and Cerda charged it -- a total instinct play. But no one was around to cover home, and the Bronx took a 1-0 lead. Adios. Almonte hadn't given up a run all season.
Back in Southern California, a major league area scout named Denny Henderson, was watching on TV, his radar up. He thought the Oceanside kids were impressive, and he hoped the little squirt catcher would keep eating his Wheaties. He was particularly impressed by how fundamentally sound the boy was. Right after the Bronx scored its run, Cerda chased down a wild pitch and stared down the runners without making a foolish throw. Hershiser praised the kid's restraint, over the air, and Oceanside made it out of the inning trailing by just a run. Henderson was riveted.
Like clockwork, Almonte then mowed down the next five Oceanside batters, leaving him one lousy out from victory. Up stepped ... who else but Cerda? "I was like, 'Wow, I can't believe our last out is in the hands of our youngest player,'" Eukovich remembers. "It was pretty intense."
Mike Cerda waved his kid down to the third-base coaching box, knowing what was coming. Matthew had seen six pitches from Almonte, and hadn't nicked one of them. He told the boy to take a look at the crowd, that 23,000 people had battled the rain just to see them -- him -- play. He told Matthew to smile, that he might never again play in front of an SRO crowd, that he loved him. "I didn't want him to feel that he was alone," Mike says. "Making the last out in a tournament like that can be devastating to a kid, and that's what he was -- just a kid."
The at-bat lasted six pitches, with Cerda actually tipping a foul ball into the dugout. But he finally whiffed on a slider, way out of the zone, and headed straight for the team van to cry.
On the field, Almonte was being mobbed on the mound, and, on television, Musburger's commentary rang in the audience's ears: "I think everyone, including the youngsters from California, are realizing they're watching Little League greatness out here on the mound. No one knows what will happen down the road for this young man, but, oh, my goodness, what a future he could have."
Would he end up as a Yankee or Met? All over New York, on Aug. 23, 2001, that was the big question.
A circus from coast-to-coast
A lot of Dick Tracys began snooping around. Two rival teams -- not Oceanside -- hired private investigators to round up Almonte's birth certificate, because the consensus was he had facial hair.
AP Photo/Suzanne Plunkett New York mayor Rudy Giuliani presented Almonte and his teammates with the key to the city before the age controversy disgraced the squad.
His Bronx team had ended up losing in the U.S. final, to Apopka, mostly because Almonte wasn't allowed to pitch in back-to-back games. But amid all the innuendo, he returned to his borough as a conquering hero, having pitched a no-hitter, a perfect game and a one-hit shutout. The private investigations had uncovered nothing, and the Almonte Tour hit all the hot spots. The Yankees invited him and his fellow Baby Bombers out to the Stadium, and Mayor Rudy Giuliani handed over the key to the city.
Out in Oceanside, Cerda and his crew came home to a full-out parade. They rode in convertibles, straight down to the beach, and if Matt Cerda ever managed to hit puberty, there were precocious California girls waiting for him on every corner.
It was already a circus on two coasts ... and then, on Aug. 30, Sports Illustrated's exposé hit newsstands. Two reporters had traveled to Moca in the Dominican Republic and learned Almonte's birthday was April 7, 1987, not 1989 as his father Felipe insisted. On Aug. 31, Dominican officials confirmed the report, and Almonte was disgraced. He couldn't speak English, which was convenient, because every New York scribe was knocking on his door for a one-on-one.
The team had to forfeit its victories, his no-hitters, his punchouts, all of it. Almonte's dad was not only banned from Little League, but prosecuted in the Dominican for falsifying a birth certificate. President Bush chided the Bronx adults for cheating, before admitting he'd never seen a spicier Little League slider in his life. Almonte told friends he knew nothing about the fake birth certificate, but he was nevertheless fair game. And when he enrolled in the eighth grade -- the eighth grade! -- in early September at P.S. 52, the paparazzi wanted in to the school cafeteria.
Back in California, Cerda heard about the scandal from his father. Now they knew the truth: Cerda was a whole three years and two months younger than Almonte. And the sixth-grader-to-be had only one thing to say: "Yeah, I foul-tipped a 14-year-old!"
Cerda and his buddies felt vindicated, and on Sept. 9, the hometown San Diego Chargers invited the team onto the field for their season opener against the Redskins. Cerda stared at the enormous crowd of 60,000-plus, and rubbed his eyes. He wondered when all this hoopla would end.
Two days later.
A 34-day pro career
Juxtaposed against the disasters at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, the Little League story was irrelevant. Almonte disappeared into the barrio, momentarily invisible, and Cerda slipped back into his own grassy backyard. "The whole world changed," Jo Marie Cerda says. "The Little League thing kind of just went away.
As a result, the fallout was more subtle and private than it would normally have been, and, for Almonte, the more pressing issue became coaching and willpower. Almonte was constantly hearing he was "can't miss," and with his controlling father banished to the Dominican, there was no one around to supply the much-needed humility. Coaches wanted to ride his coattails more than they wanted to ride him for missing workouts, and his work ethic became an undeniable weakness. Yes, he went on to pitch in the 2004 public school championships. But to those carefully eyeballing him, Almonte seemed complacent. Baseball wasn't first, or not first enough.
Courtesy of Southern Illinois Miners Almonte's baseball career has been filled with more lows than highs since he burst on the national stage in 2001.
By his senior year in 2006, he was the top pitcher for Monroe High in the Bronx, but there just wasn't as much hair on his fastball. Once a sure bet to be drafted, he was now throwing in the low- to mid-80s, and scouts were skeptical about his home life. He was rumored to have married a 30-year-old woman, 11 years his senior, and, he confirmed in May 2006 that hairdresser Rosy Perdomo was his wife. Speculation was he'd married her due to visa problems, just so he could stay in the country, and, once again, the circus came to Danny Almonte.
The cruel jokes resurfaced, and the paparazzi stalked the mystery couple. But Almonte's friends say the marriage made him finally feel attached here, not just in the barrio, but in New York and this country. All he ever wanted was to belong, to some place or to some thing -- particularly after 9/11 -- and he began to talk of applying for his permanent residency card, because, other than reaching the major leagues, that was possibly the pinnacle for him. But permanent residency was years down the road, and, in the short term, the wedding publicity simply brought back the unpleasant scent of South Williamsport.
Almonte thought about escaping to a junior college in New Mexico, but instead, the Exploitation Train pulled back into the station. The Southern Illinois Miners, a brand new team in the independent Frontier League, were looking for some sis-boom-bah. They figured a Danny Almonte signing was the quickest way to a packed house and a full press box, so they gave him a contract, sight unseen, and handed him a baseball.
Almonte wasn't about to say no. He was a professional pitcher now, even though the Frontier League reeked of Barnum & Bailey, and he hoped, if he excelled, the Yankees or Mets would revisit his world. He intended to strike out every last batter, but the ball wasn't listening.
In his last 30 innings of high school ball, Almonte had K'd 60 and walked two. But for the Miners, in the spring of 2007, Almonte walked 19 in his first six outings. The manager, a seasoned baseball man named Mike Pinto, could tell Almonte was overthrowing, trying to live up to the impossible hype. And the kid couldn't calm himself. His ERA was up to 5.28, and, worse, Almonte wasn't asking for any bullpen sessions to get it fixed. Maybe he was too proud or embarrassed or distracted, but the Miners decided they'd gotten their 40,000 or so fannies in the seats and cut him loose after those first six games. Danny Almonte's pro career had lasted 34 days.
The Little Big Unit was out of baseball -- another Musburger moment, if only Brent had been around. Almonte went home to Rosy, scratching his head.
There had to be a better way.
"Welcome to the Gun Show"
The Matthew Cerda Way was baseball day and night, or at least until bedtime.
Courtesy of the Cerda family Little Matthew Cerda blossomed into a muscular hitting machine once he reached high school.
The kid hadn't been home from Pennsylvania a week when he was in the backyard hitting 200 to 300 balls off a tee each day. His mom or dad would film him, and then he'd pore over the video looking for the hitch in his swing.
But there wasn't any hitch. Almonte had struck him out fair and square -- or unfair and square, if you wanted to get technical about it. But Cerda had always played in a higher age division, had always taken on older kids, and, over time, he shrugged off the South Williamsport embarrassment. His dad, Mike, was wrong -- the kid hadn't been devastated by the last out. In fact, he'd been inspired.
His only issue was his shirt and pant size: XS. Young Matthew wasn't growing much, and each ensuing year, whenever he'd blow out his birthday candles, he'd wish to be 6-1. "That was his dreaammmm," Jo Marie says. "We kept telling him, 'Honey, I don't think you're gonna to get 6-foot-tall.' And then finally he's, 'Well, at least 5-10. Let me get to 5-10.'"
It appeared to be a pipe dream, because, by his freshman year of high school, Cerda was a scrawny 5-foot-3, 115 pounds -- the same weight Almonte had been at the Little League World Series. He would beg his parents to let him pump iron, but the Cerdas' family doctor had put the kibosh on it, telling them his body wasn't sturdy enough. They promised he could lift as a high school sophomore, but until then, it had to be pushups in his bedroom or nothing at all.
Once he made it to 10th grade -- hallelujah! -- he worked out obsessively. He'd go to baseball practice, then take extra BP, then take extra grounders from his dad, then eat dinner, then do his homework and then head to the gym from 8:30 to 11. At the gym, he'd meet up with one of the football coaches at his high school, who had him squatting and power-lifting and curling. By his junior year he was up to 5-6 and 140, and the baseballs started vaporizing off his bat. Once a singles hitter, Cerda was now a doubles hitter, and the goal for his senior season in 2008 was to hit dingers.
His body was clearly changing. His calves were massive, his biceps were half-moons, and he knew it. He'd wrestle everyone at home -- his brother, his mom, his two older sisters -- just because he finally could.
"Yeah," his dad says, "he'd show his biceps, and say, 'Welcome to the Gun Show.' But only at home."
Away from home, he'd just circle the bases. His senior season was an absolute demolition. He shattered almost every Oceanside High School single season record -- most of which were set by former Pittsburgh Pirate Jose Hernandez -- blasting 16 home runs, batting .542, slugging 1.075 and getting a hit in 26 straight games. Not only that, Cerda was a flawless fielder at shortstop, a team leader and, best of all, 5-9 and 165 pounds.
Nobody had a bad word to say about him. Late in the season, the team had wrapped up a road game, and while all the other players were on the bus, Cerda was alone in the dugout -- cleaning up. "He was picking up trash and putting it in the trash can," his father says. "He just wanted to make sure they left the dugout the way they found it."
Every teammate gravitated to him, and, in the course of their conversations, that name would inevitably come up: Danny Almonte.
"Would you like to face him again, Matty?"
"Just one more time," Cerda would say.
"What would happen?"
"It'd be a lot more fair, that's for sure," he'd say.
Then they'd ask him what Almonte was doing these days. And young, swashbuckling, sprouting Matthew Cerda would shake his head. "No idea," he'd say. "No idea."
Courtesy of Southern Illinois Miners During his stint with the Southern Illinois Miners, Almonte struggled to live up to the hype.
From Almonte to "Just Danny"
The first thing that had to go was the slider.
Courtesy of Southern Illinois Miners Eschewing his slider, Almonte is utilizing his curveball more and working to regain the velocity on his fastball.
Danny Almonte had just dusted himself off, swallowed his pride and flown to remote Altus, Okla. -- and now he was being told to bag his most famous pitch?
"That's exactly what I told him," said his new pitching coach, Matt Kruse. "I said, 'Danny, we're scrapping that slider. The President loved that pitch, but we're effin' scrapping it.'"
It was all part of the most crucial makeover of Almonte's life, and the best news was he listened. After his Southern Illinois flameout, Almonte had returned to the Bronx to rot. He hadn't fired a baseball for months on end or watched his diet. But he bumped into an old baseball buddy in the barrio, Manny Paula, and Paula told him again about Kurt Russell.
Russell, a Boston native and the head coach at a junior college called Western Oklahoma State, had been recruiting the Bronx since Almonte was 17, looking specifically for young Hispanic talent. One of those kids had been Paula himself, who'd been a teammate of Almonte's at Monroe High and who had gone out to Western in 2005 and hit .490.
By January 2008, Paula was an assistant coach at Western, and, when he saw Almonte and another Bronx ballplayer, Juan Carlos Perez, were out on the street, he dialed Russell. The recruitment pitch was simple: Come to Altus or enter a beer league. The other selling points were that half of Russell's team was Latin and the rent in Oklahoma was just $350 a month for a three-bedroom bungalow. Russell had checked it out, and Almonte was eligible. The junior college rule is that if a person has played pro ball for fewer than 90 days at a level of Class A or below, he can suit up right away. Almonte was a dead-on fit. And so he became a 21-year-old freshman.
Upon arrival, Almonte went to the mound, reared back ... and hit only 82 to 85 mph on the speed gun. He might have been 6-1 and pushing 200 now, an absolute grown man, but he was soft at the core, easily winded, and the coaches thought maybe he was exclusively a first baseman/outfielder. His senior year in high school, Almonte had batted .511 and driven in 31 runs. Maybe he was more Rick Ankiel than Rick Sutcliffe.
Kruse, the pitching coach, was desperate to find out. He studied Almonte, along with Russell, and noticed he was "dropping his arm slot" on his slider. They told him to stay with one arm slot -- to stick with just the fastball, curveball and change -- and a light seemed to go on.
"His curveball, shoot, it had depth, it was tight," Kruse says. "I was, 'Man, screw the slider, stay with the curve.'"
It dawned on Russell and Kruse that the kid had barely been coached, or had barely paid attention when he was. But this was a humbled Almonte, and Russell and Kruse capitalized. "Guys have been scared to coach Danny Almonte," Kruse says, "because they say, 'He's Danny Almonte.' But, coming here, Kurt was like, 'Hey, forget your last name.' That's the joke around here: He's got no last name. He's just Danny."
The media wasn't buying it, and they called from all over -- New York included -- for interviews. But Russell stonewalled everyone, telling Almonte, "I'm not gonna let anyone in. No interviews from now on. I'd like to give you two or three years back and let you be a kid, let you just focus on baseball and see what you can do."
According to Russell, Almonte's velocity increased to the upper-80s -- occasionally hitting 90 -- and he began the season as the team's Monday starter, in non-conference games. He finished with a 7-1 record, although his ERA was unusually high, at 5.59, partly because of an incessant prairie wind that blew out to left field. On non-pitching days, he patrolled right field, and batted an obscene .497, leading all Division II junior colleges for much of the season. The team reached the Juco World Series, finishing 52-12 and fourth in the nation, and the lasting memory of the season was Almonte's toothy smile.
Courtesy of Western Oklahoma State Almonte was one of the best junior-college hitters in the nation last season.
No one seemed to be able to wipe it off his face, although some tried. One day, while Almonte was in the on-deck circle, a ball got fouled off toward him when he wasn't looking. The opposing manager was forced to fetch the stray ball, and he blurted, "You'd think when they checked your birth certificate, they'd have showed you how to pick up an effin' foul ball."
In another game, a big league cross-checker started ripping Almonte from the stands, on a day he was throwing only 84 to 86 mph. Loud enough for several parents to hear, the scout called Almonte an overhyped cheater. It got back to Russell, who tracked down the scout afterward to say, "Hey, buddy, can you tell me how many 14-year-old kids you know that can make a fake birth certificate?"
But, clearly, Almonte's reputation was preceding him, and, as the 2008 baseball draft approached, Russell and Kruse were hoping that maybe, just maybe, some big league team would take a flier on him. "He wants to make it," Kruse says, "but it just boils down to somebody forgetting what his last name is."
Danny went home to Rosy ... and waited.
A karmic role reversal
Two boys were eligible for the June draft, two boys who'd passed in the South Williamsport night seven years earlier.
Matthew Cerda didn't know what to make of his chances, not until he and his parents met a man named Denny Henderson, a man who knew all about them. Henderson was now an area scout for the Chicago Cubs, and after Cerda's torrid senior season, he had come to invite the boy to a pre-draft camp.
"And after he invited him, he looked at Matt and said, 'Make sure you bring both your gloves,'" Mike Cerda says. "And I looked at my wife and said, 'Both his gloves? He only plays middle infield.' And he looked at us, and he goes, 'Bring his catcher's glove.' And we told him, 'Denny, he hasn't caught since he was 11 years old.' And he smiled, and he goes, 'I know.'"
Henderson had never forgotten that night, the Almonte night, the night that squirt catcher Matt Cerda had struck out three times on 12 pitches. He had kept tabs on him, patiently waiting, for years. It's a Henderson specialty -- "In our business, you've got to remember a lot of things," he says -- and, in an era when great-hitting catchers are at a premium, it served him well to recollect August 2001. "These are the kind of things that I keep under the rug," Henderson says. "I don't want other people to know what I'm thinking about. But I remembered he was a catcher. And, trust me, it can work in reverse order sometimes. You can wait on a kid at 14 who's as good then as he's ever going to be. But not Matty. He continued to work at it and get better. He has baseball instincts that are so advanced for his age."
Courtesy of the Cerda family A flawless fielder at shortstop, Cerda also rewrote the offensive record book at Oceanside High School.
At the Cubs' pre-draft camp, they pointed Cerda toward home plate, and -- just as on the night his teammate wouldn't wear a cup -- he blurted: "I'll do it. I'll catch. I'll play anywhere." It was his first time in a chest protector since the Almonte game, and he then took BP off of the Cubs' scouting director Tim Wilken, spraying balls everywhere. Wilken was semi-awestruck. The Cubs' organizational philosophy is to take wicked hitters with average speed and high baseball IQs, and turn them into backstops. Geovany Soto, Henry Blanco and Koyie Hill were all converted to catcher at one point -- by the Cubs or someone else -- and Cerda fit the blueprint. When he left the pre-draft camp, the book on the kid was clear: great bat, better head.
"We never want to push someone to switch positions like that, but he jumped in, hook, line and sinker," Wilken says. "He swung the bat, had a real good arm and had the kind of makeup you can't coach. It just looked like a glove that had a chance to fit."
The Angels also remembered him from the Almonte game, but they never thought "catcher." The Red Sox, Giants and Astros also were hovering, so it was just a matter of who was going to bite first. On draft day, Cerda took his high school civics final in the morning, then parked himself by a phone. Sure enough, the Cubs called, saying they wanted to scoop him up in the third round. They said they'd be offering a $500,000 bonus, and Cerda, whose fallback option was the University of San Diego, exhaled and said, "Take me."
But, when the third round arrived, the Cubs took a pitcher who'd unexpectedly slid down to them, Chris Carpenter of Kent State. Cerda began to pace. The Angels called next, as the fourth round was revving up, but their offer was decidedly lower than Chicago's, and Cerda had the guts to tell them he preferred college. Then the Cubs called back, offering the same $500 grand in the fourth -- $115 grand more than they had offered Carpenter in the third. Again, Cerda told them, "Take me." When they did, the whole family wept, and then went to hang a Cubs flag on their front porch. Tiny Matthew Cerda was the 131st overall pick, at the surreal age of 17.
It was a whirlwind 24 hours. He got ready to sign his contract, was told he'd be reporting to the Cubs' rookie league team in Mesa, Ariz., and found himself a brand spanking new catcher's glove, straight out of the plastic wrap. The similarities to Little League were almost eerie. Not only would he be catching again -- "Well, they tell me it's the fastest way to the big leagues," he says -- but he'd be facing Danny Almontes all over again. Cerda was the club's absolute youngest draft pick, and most of his teammates and opponents would be a good four years older. The sliders and two-seamers and splitters and slurves would be coming at him from all directions, although Henderson -- the scout who'd kept him in his hip pocket for seven years -- was hardly worried. "He's a pretty special kid," Henderson says. "About as special a kid as I've ever seen. I think this'll turn out favorably for the people at Wrigley Field. He's a dandy."
Jason Wise for ESPN.com Cubs scout Denny Henderson remembered Cerda as an 11-year-old catcher, and now the fourth-round draft pick is back in a chest protector.
Meanwhile, back in the Bronx, a 21-year-old pitcher sat awkwardly and impatiently by the phone. A Royals scout named Lloyd Simmons -- the winningest juco coach of all time -- had told Russell a month before the draft that Almonte might very well be coming to Kansas City. But a couple of weeks before draft day, Simmons told Russell he needed an angioplasty and wouldn't be healthy enough to sit in the Royals war room. It meant he couldn't whisper in the decision-makers' ears, fighting for Almonte, and the Royals -- and every other big league team -- ended up ignoring the kid altogether.
"It's almost like they link him with Jeffrey Maier, that kid who grabbed the home run ball at Yankee Stadium," Kruse says. "They see him as a sideshow pick. But he can make the big leagues in a role that fits him. It's just that reality has set in: He's not going to be a first-rounder that signs for $3 million and be a No. 1 starter. But he can be a lefty specialist, out of the pen. I go to Triple-A games all the time, man. He's got good enough stuff."
It was a bittersweet day for Almonte. His buddy from the barrio, Perez, had been selected by the Giants, after hammering 37 home runs, which meant Almonte would be returning to Western Oklahoma State alone this year, hoping to be the ace and the three-hole hitter, hoping to get drafted next June at the rather elevated age of 22. "This is his last shot right here," Russell says.
In every way, the ignominy of that draft day, the irony of it, the payback part of it, was hard to escape. It was another Musburger moment -- the lightest, youngest, puniest kid from South Williamsport had beaten the tallest, buffest and oldest to a major league franchise. But at least Almonte still had Rosy, and at least he was finally close to his other dream, the dream he'd had ever since 9/11: his permanent residency.
So, who'd have predicted this happy ending? Matthew Cerda about to have a rookie card, and Danny Almonte about to have his green card.
Tom Friend is a senior writer for ESPN.com and ESPN The Magazine.
Join the conversation about "Revenge of the Baseball Gods." |
Michelle Obama: FLOTUS’ 5 Fly Fashion Tips
There are so many things that we’re going to miss about the First Family, the Obamas, like their elegance, grace and style which was on display Tuesday night at the First Family’s last State Dinner.
“Today is bittersweet for Michelle and I because this marks the final official visit and state dinner of my presidency,” President Barack Obama said earlier in the day. “But it’s OK. We saved the best for last.”
Michelle Obama’s stunted once again at the final state dinner, looking absolutely radiant in a shimmering rose gold chainmail gown by Atelier Versace.
This dress and FLOTUS’ style whenever she steps out seems to be on point, which led us to dig deeper and find some consistent style tips that even your everyday fashionista can follow too. Take a look below:
Accentuate Your Assets
Instead of going for the latest style of skirt or top, do what works for you. Take a page out of Michelle Obama’s style book and highlight your best features instead of obsessing over the worst. The First Lady emphasizes her enviable, toned arms in sleeveless sheaths and draws attention to her narrow waistline with wide belts.
Show Off Your Silhouette
It doesn’t matter if you’re big or small, fitted sheaths (like this from Thakoon, far left) highlight the First Lady’s long, lean line, and full-skirted dresses like this Azzedine Alaia design (left) draw attention to her small waist. Find cuts that flatter your figure-and stick with them. Find the perfect styles for your shape |
Mexican soccer coach Miguel Herrera has said that the slur, chanted by fans during opposition goal kicks, is “not that bad.” Speaking to The Christian Science Monitor, Mexican soccer fan Javier Ángeles argued that “puto” is used to point out cowardice and not to imply sexual preference.
However, according to Alejandro Brito Lemus, the director of the Mexican magazine Letra S, which covers LGBTQI issues, the use of the term by fans is “completely homophobic.”
Mexico is now under an investigation by FIFA. In a statement, the international governing body for soccer said:
“We encourage individuals and groups such as FARE to submit any evidence in their possession with regard to discriminatory behavior for the analysis and consideration of the FIFA disciplinary committee.”
FIFA is also looking into allegations of homophobic slurs by Brazilian fans, as well the use of anti-Semitic banners by Croatian and Russian fans.
Although FIFA President Sepp Blatter and Brazil’s President Dilma Rousseff have pledged to use the World Cup as a platform against racism and discrimination, it has been argued that FIFA’s actions are hypocritical as it has awarded the 2018 World Cup to Russia and the 2022 event to Qatar, despite human rights abuses in those countries and Russia’s 2013 decision to pass anti-gay laws.
Watch Oliver Slam Qatar's selection as World Cup host, AFTER THE JUMP...
Comments
I'm sure the Mexican coach said, "it's not that bad" because Mexicans regularly use racist & homophobic language. It is so ubiquitous, commonplace, that most people probably don't realize how out of step it is with other societies.
Only recently did Spanish radio stop the use of Maricon (faggot), probably as recently as 5 years ago.
Italy & Spain are super racist as well. Even Australians about Asian as well. But, I was at a Giants v Dodgers game & the bleachers were screaming at the outfielder, "Your mother's a crack whore." Sports really brings out the best in folks.
Posted by: pete n sfo | Jun 22, 2014 8:54:52 PM
I watched the interview...frankly, not surprising given Mexican culture's stand when it comes to the LGBT community.
It is a disgusting display of homophobia and FIFA should penalize this ignorant macho nonsense!
Posted by: Unhappy with my former school | Jun 22, 2014 8:56:36 PM
It's bad. Folks once said this about slurs for many groups including African Americans, Jews, and guess what? Mexicans.
Posted by: throwslikeagirl | Jun 22, 2014 9:22:20 PM
Whether the coach truly believes this or not, it reflects badly on the Mexicans, and they should cut it out in international play. No other country's fans are taunting the opposing teams like this, not even with loud roars of "coward".
Posted by: Dastius Krazitauc | Jun 22, 2014 9:24:48 PM
Hmm.
The way I was taught, "puta" was the feminine version of the noun; for a man (e.g., as George Lopez frequently refers to Erik Estrada), the masculine of the noun, "puto," is used.
Posted by: Jerry | Jun 22, 2014 9:46:23 PM
Soccer are played in many uncivilized countries. Look where the next world cup is held.
Posted by: bambinoitaliano | Jun 22, 2014 9:49:03 PM
If "puta" means "coward" and is "not that bad", then Herrera won't mind too much if I call him "puta".
Posted by: Randy | Jun 22, 2014 10:08:07 PM
It is "puto" not "puta". Puta means a prostitud, puto means faggot or effeminate homo.
Posted by: tad | Jun 22, 2014 10:12:52 PM
Puto means rice cake.
Posted by: JCCramer | Jun 22, 2014 10:30:31 PM
They're actually trying to get sports fans to not be homophobic? Good luck with that.
Posted by: The Id | Jun 22, 2014 10:54:04 PM
Something that's been making me rage for the last couple of days is how the Mexican fans and now the team's coach is trying to fool FIFA and non Spanish speakers/Latinos that "No, it's really not what you think it means." If someone in the street calls you a puto you know full well what that means. Puto, Maricon, Joto, Puñal are all anti-gay slurs.
Posted by: Mike85 | Jun 22, 2014 11:18:03 PM
I thought puta meant wh*re?
Posted by: JMC | Jun 22, 2014 11:24:19 PM
when there only males being targeted, puto and puta are the equally offensive...
Posted by: bandanajack | Jun 23, 2014 4:40:36 AM
fifa will do nothing, count on it.
Posted by: bandanajack | Jun 23, 2014 4:41:11 AM
That corrupt pig-f***er Sepp Blatter will make sure there are no consequences for this.
He is a sick, greedy monster.
Posted by: MaryM | Jun 23, 2014 5:22:26 AM
Just another reason I'm glad I don't like this sport
Posted by: Steve | Jun 23, 2014 9:41:31 AM
Sports are so useless.
Posted by: Sergio | Jun 23, 2014 10:51:40 AM
Given that the next World Cup is in homophobiaville, this is nothing. At the next World Cup, gay slurs will be a welcome change tot he likely alternative, which will be public hangings of gay tourists.
Posted by: DC Insider | Jun 23, 2014 11:37:09 AM
puta/puto means whore. of either sex
Posted by: northoftheborderguy | Jun 23, 2014 12:08:20 PM
Leave it to a heterosexual to weigh in and say anti-gay slurs are 'not that bad'.
I guess we should get anti-Semitic gentiles to weigh in on anti-Semitic slurs and have them say they're not that bad.
Then we can have misogynistic males weigh in on how sexist slurs are no big deal.
Then we can have racists weigh in about how racist slurs are not a big deal.
And so on and so on.
I've lot a lot of the respect I was cultivating for Mexicans and Brazilians. I thought they were moving forward not backward. If they want to make homophobia central to their cultural identities, the way groups like NOM want, fine. I can get by not trusting Latinos.
Posted by: SkateUp | Jun 23, 2014 3:00:42 PM
Latino culture is extremely homophobic- this is a sad reality... and what do you expect from soccer fans? Civilized behavior? |
David Miliband has made a dramatic entry into the debate about Britain’s exit from the EU with an impassioned call for politicians from all parties to work together to avoid the Tory high command driving the country “off a cliff”.
Labour’s former foreign secretary warned that Brexit is an “unparalleled act of economic self-harm” and suggested that it is up to MPs of all political colours to fight back against its worst consequences. The country’s future, he argued, should be decided by another vote on the terms of a final settlement – either by referendum or in parliament.
In a scathing article in the Observer, Miliband wrote: “Delegating to May and Davis, never mind Johnson and Fox, the settlement of a workable alternative to EU membership is a delusion, not just an abdication.”
He also heaped praise on the Tory chancellor, Philip Hammond, who is leading pressure inside the cabinet for a transition deal with the EU to soften the blow of a Brexit rupture. “I never thought I would say this, but Philip Hammond is also playing an important, even valiant, role. A transition of the kind he has advocated is vital.”
The timing of the intervention by the former contender for the Labour leadership is significant. Febrile Westminster talk over the summer recess has triggered speculation about the creation of a new anti-Brexit party joined by heavyweights from all sides.
But a more likely scenario is the emergence of cross-party consensus around a plan for the UK to remain part of the European Economic Area (EEA), at least for a transition period. This would provoke fury among leavers and civil war within the Tories.
Now president and chief executive of the International Rescue Committee, based in New York, Miliband recently indicated that he sees himself as an “ex-politician”. But many believe he harbours a desire to return to Westminster and his caustic assessment of both the UK and US political scenes suggests he believes they are in need of a shake-up.
In his most hard-hitting comments to date concerning both Britain’s decision to leave the EU and the Trump presidency, Miliband warns that “politics and government are setting new standards for dysfunction”.
“This transatlantic malaise has a common root,” Miliband wrote. “Politics based on what you are against, not what you are for. Look at the campaigns against the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) and against the EU. There is a common trope: the politics of grievance.” He claims that the UK is suffering a governability crisis. “Leaving the EU was mis-sold as a quick fix,” Miliband wrote. “Now it looks like a decade-long process of unscrambling the eggs of the national and European legislation. Ministers cannot even agree among themselves the destination, the route map, or the vehicles to get us there.”
But the case against the EU depends on avoiding a discussion of the alternative, Miliband believes. “It is the equivalent of voting to repeal Obamacare without knowing the replacement. It is a stitch-up. That is one reason it is essential that parliament or the public are given the chance to have a straight vote between EU membership and the negotiated alternative.”
In an attempt to broaden the debate, Miliband made an impassioned plea for the EU to be seen as more than an economic bloc.
“The EU is not just a group of neighbouring countries. It is a coalition of democratic states which pledge to advance human rights, the rule of law and democratic rules. That is not a threat to Britain; it is the team we should be on.”
The EU is a coalition of democratic states which pledge to advance human rights. It is the team we should be on David Miliband
In recent weeks, Labour MPs Stephen Kinnock and Heidi Alexander and the Conservative Lord Hague have called for the UK to remain a member of the EEA – the regional free trade area that, in addition to all EU member states, includes Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.
Supporters of Britain adopting an EEA “off-the-shelf option” say that it would allow for a smooth exit with minimum disruption for British business while maintaining access to the single market. Kinnock, who believes there may be 15 Tory MPs sympathetic to his plan for Britain to remain part of the EEA – enough for the government to lose a vote on the issue – said it would buy “time to negotiate the final state deal with the EU. It delivers certainty for business and workers, and it allows us to reform freedom of movement.”
The latter point is controversial. Liechtenstein has powers to restrict freedom of movement but it is a tiny country. Attempts by the UK to negotiate a similar deal are likely to be bitterly contested by Brussels.
The EEA idea, however, has found favour with Hammond. The government opposes the plan but Labour appears to be softening its stance and Miliband’s powerful intervention may help to sway the party’s rank and file. |
A glossary of acronyms and abbreviations associated with emergency services calls is contained in NENA Master Glossary of 9-1-1 Terminology, NENA 00-001, Version 16, dated Aug. 22, 2011 and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
PSAP call takers dispatch emergency assistance such as police, fire, and medical personnel in response to phone calls made to an emergency telephone number which, in the case of the United States, is 9-1-1. For 9-1-1 calls from a traditional wireline phone, the dispatch address is pre-configured and stored in an ALI database. For 9-1-1 calls from a mobile phone, there is no fixed address associated with the mobile phone. To enable PSAP call takers to dispatch emergency assistance to the mobile phone caller, wireless carriers have implemented a variety of location-determining technologies to provide the caller's latitude and longitude (hereafter referred to as “X,Y”).
Having accurate caller X,Y is critical for ensuring that first responders arrive at the correct location. The FCC recognized the importance of accurate X,Y in 1996 by adopting rules that required wireless carriers to implement E911 location-determining services. The FCC divided its wireless E911 rules into two stages. The initial stage was called Phase I and required wireless carriers to deliver by April 1998 E911 service that included the caller's telephone number and the location of the cell site or base station that handled the call. The second phase was called Phase II and required delivery, under a phased-in schedule, now extending until January 2019, E911 service that includes X,Y of the mobile phone caller within specific accuracy and reliability parameters, depending on the location technology, as follows: (a) Using network-based technologies: within 100 meters for 67 percent of calls, and 300 meters for 90 percent of calls; (b) Using handset-based technologies: within 50 meters for 67 percent of calls, and 150 meters for 90 percent of calls.
Despite the FCC rules requiring improvements in location accuracy, there are multiple reasons why an X,Y provided to the PSAP does not result in a useful address for dispatching emergency assistance (hereafter referred to as a “dispatch address”). For some mobile phone calls, only Phase I X,Y is made available to the PSAP. Since Phase I location only identifies the caller's cell site and can have a range as large as 22 miles for GSM technology, the Phase I X,Y provided to the PSAP is not sufficient to determine a dispatch address. For mobile phone calls that are routed to a PSAP with Phase II location, the accuracy of that location is often outside the 100 meter range (or 50 meters for carriers using handset-based technologies). This is a common problem for mobile phones that rely on a handset-based technology such as GPS, since indoor GPS coverage is typically poor due to 1.5 GHz RF propagation properties. An additional cause for dispatch address errors occurs when an X,Y is converted at the PSAP into a dispatch address by using mapping or GIS tools to identify the closest street address to the X,Y. Depending on the precision and accuracy of the X,Y, the area described by the X,Y may cover many street addresses and the center of the area described by the X,Y and its precision may not be the nearest street address to the actual emergency.
The problem of identifying a dispatch address is further exacerbated when an emergency occurs at a building with many rooms or multiple floors, each with many rooms. In these situations, a street address, even if correct, is inadequate. The net result is that first responders arriving at the location to which they are dispatched often face the difficult task of searching for and locating the party who called 9-1-1 before assistance can be rendered.
Prior to this invention, a common approach used by first responders for locating the person who called 9-1-1 was to call the 9-1-1 caller's phone number to get further verbal instructions. However, there are cases when this approach will not work. The party who called 9-1-1 for assistance might have had a medical emergency preventing him or her from answering a follow-up phone call. Or the party who called 9-1-1 might be hiding silently from an intruder or be occupied fighting a fire. Even if the PSAP provided a precise building, floor and room number where the 9-1-1 caller should be located, it is possible that the 9-1-1 caller may have moved to another floor or room in the building to escape an encroaching file or to hide from an intruder. In situations like these, first responders may waste precious time searching for the 9-1-1 caller.
In addition to locating the party requiring assistance, first responders arriving to a dispatch address face a new challenge, known in the industry as 9-1-1 “SWATing”. This dangerous practice results in a PSAP call taker being tricked into dispatching an armed SWAT response to an innocent address. To address this new challenge, when armed first responders arrive on scene, they need to ensure they are at the correct location.
There is a need for a system and method to help first responders efficiently search for and locate a 9-1-1 caller. |
Americans would like to think that their political and military leaders are cool, calm and considered, and that they can be trusted with great power – including The Bomb. But barely two years after the world trembled on the brink of WWIII during the Cuban Missile Crisis, with President John F. Kennedy’s level-headed determination usually credited as the reason the world escaped nuclear Armageddon, Stanley Kubrick dared to make a film about what could happen if the wrong person at the wrong moment pushed the wrong button -- and played the situation for sharp laughs. “Dr. Strangelove” is widely regarded as one of the screen’s greatest satires of power and paranoia. But what is truly remarkable – and maybe a little frightening – is that no matter how often we think that changing times have dated the movie’s jet-black satire of Cold War-era fears, current events always seem to circle back to make “Dr. Strangelove” fresh and relevant – not to mention, still acidly funny. In 2017, fears of Russia, nuclear weapons and hair-triggered leaders are all back in the headlines.
There’s not a sequence in the film in which the dialogue is not quotable, and there are so many well-remembered moments in it that the film is a kind of encyclopedia of pop-culture references; the sight of Slim Pickens waving his cowboy hat as he rides The Bomb down is among the most enduring images of its era. Many Kubrick trademarks can be found in the film, from the visual style to the sparse and ironic use of music. And every performance is top-notch, from Peter Sellers' extraordinary three-character performance, to the screen debut of James Earl Jones (whom Kubrick had spotted in a stage play), to George C. Scott who, though usually known for his great dramatic performances, considered his over-the-top satirical role in “Dr. Strangelove” to be among his greatest screen achievements.
$8 for adults; $6 for seniors (65+) and children (12 & younger). Part of Combo pricing for seeing more than one.
The Loew's Jersey is a place where the great movie going experience is still alive -- a classic movie palace, a 50 foot wide screen, and a real pipe organ for entrance music before most shows! The Landmark Loew's Jersey Theatre, 54 Journal Square, Jersey City, NJ. (201) 798-6055 loewsjersey.org [email protected]. We are located directly across JFK Blvd from the JSQ PATH Station with trains to New York & Newark’s Penn Station. Close to NJ Turnpike & Holland Tunnel. Discounted off street parking in Square Ramp Garage. |
Conventionally, a demodulation circuit including a binarization circuit is provided in an in-vehicle system such as an RKE (Remote Keyless Entry) system. The binarization circuit is implemented by an analog circuit in which a comparator and a rapid charging-discharging circuit are combined. A capacitor that generates a reference voltage is connected to a reference terminal of the comparator. A resistor that fixes a threshold is connected to an external terminal of the rapid charging-discharging circuit.
Recently, it is demanded to shrink the binarization circuit. However, the shrinkage of the binarization circuit is limited because the binarization circuit is implemented by the analog circuit. |
Q:
JQuery .find() and .children() are not working in IE11
There are 2 drop-down, 2nd is dependent on 1st.
The same code is working fine in Chrome/Firefox, but not working in IE
Below is the JQuery Code:
$(document).ready(function() {
$("#CurrencyPair").children('option:gt(0)').hide();
$("#part1currency").change(function() {
$("#CurrencyPair").children('option').hide();
$("#CurrencyPair").children("option[value^=" + $(this).val() + "]").show();
});
});
Below is the HTML code :
<select name="part1currency" id="part1currency">
<option value="Select">Select</option>
<option value="EUR">EUR</option>
<option value="USD">USD</option>
<option value="GBP">GBP</option>
</select>
<select name="CurrencyPair" id="CurrencyPair">
<!--Below shows when '1 column' is selected is hidden otherwise-->
<option value="Select">--Select--</option>
<!--Below shows when '2 column' is selected is hidden otherwise-->
<option value="EUR/USD">EUR/USD</option>
<option value="col2_sm">layout 2</option>
<!--Below shows when '3 column' is selected is hidden otherwise-->
<option value="USD/EUR">USD/EUR</option>
<option value="col3_ssm">layout 4</option>
<option value="col3_sms">layout 5</option>
</select>
A:
I have found one solution for the above question of mine.
$(document).ready(function() {
var optarray = $("#CurrencyPair").children('option').map(function() {
return {
"value": this.value,
"option": "<option value='" + this.value + "'>" + this.text + " `enter code here`</option>"
}
})
$("#part1currency").change(function() {
$("#CurrencyPair").children('option').remove();
var addoptarr = [];
addoptarr.push(optarray[0].option);
for (i = 1; i < optarray.length; i++) {
if (optarray[i].value.substring(0, 3).indexOf($(this).val()) > -1) {
addoptarr.push(optarray[i].option);
}
}
$("#CurrencyPair").html(addoptarr.join(''))
}).change();
})
|
Number 3 pencil
REDIRECT Pencil#Grading and classification |
Secondary DNA transfer by working gloves.
With the development of highly sensitive STR profiling methods, combined with sound statistical tools, DNA analysis on the (sub-)source level is hardly ever seriously questioned in court. More often, the exact mode of DNA transfer to the crime scene is questioned. In burglary cases, in particular when gloves are worn, secondary DNA transfer is often discussed as explanation for finding a DNA profile matching the accused because it is well known that gloves can act as a potential vector for indirect DNA transfer. In this study we investigated the shedder status as a possible factor influencing the extent of secondary DNA transfer to a crime scene, with the person committing the crime wearing working gloves. Firstly, the shedder status for 40 participants (20 male, 20 female) was determined, following a previously published procedure. Good shedders (n = 12) were found to deposit a higher amount and quality of DNA onto objects, compared to bad shedders (n = 25). Secondly, participants were paired into four groups (good with good; good with bad; bad with good; bad with bad), each group consisting of five pairs. The first participant (P1) of each pair used working gloves to pack and carry a box to simulate a house move. Two days later, the second participant (P2) of the pair wore the same pair of gloves to simulate a burglary, using a screwdriver as a break-in tool. After taking swabs of the outside and inside of a glove (primary DNA transfer) and the handle of the screwdriver (secondary DNA transfer), full DNA analysis was performed. Our experiments show that good shedders, overall, deposit more DNA than bad shedders, both onto the outside and the inside of the glove, regardless of being P1 or P2. When conducting the experiments with two participants sharing the same shedder status, no significant differences occurred in the number of deposited alleles. In six out of 19 cases a DNA profile matching P1 was found (binary LR>106) on the screwdriver and in all six cases P1 was a good shedder. Our results indicate that the shedder status of an individual affects the extent of DNA transfer. They further confirm the possibility of an innocent person's DNA profile being found on an object they never handled. |
<box>
<vc binder:context="classconfig">
<formline text="Option 1">
<textbox bind="[option1]" />
</formline>
<formline text="Option 2">
<textbox bind="[option2]" type="integer" />
</formline>
</vc>
</box> |
This is aimed at showing you how The British Heart Foundation (BHF) can help you and how you can also get involved in making a difference to health services for heart patients.
HEART HELPLINE | 0300 330 3311
For support and guidance on anything heart related. You can call this helpline if you are a patient, carer, family member or health professional.
Open 9am to 5pm Monday to Friday.
BHF Genetic Information Services | 0300 456 8383
This helpline provides information for people who have an inherite heart condition in their family – about screening and other charities and services that may be able to support and help you. This can also help you access a specialist clinic for inherited heart conditions.
Open 9am to 5pm Mopnday to Friday.
HEART MATTERS:
Heart Matters is a FREE service for anyone who has, or is at risk of developing, a heart condition and for anyone who cares for someone with a heart problem.
As a member, you will recieve regular issues of Heart Matters Magazine and mailings on heart health, delivered straight to your doorstep. You will get exclusive access to the members only area of the website where you can use some great online tools like personalised lifestyle check and recipe finder. If you have an email address, you can recieve motivating emails to get latest news.
Heart Matters members can phone the HelpLine to speak to speak to cardiac nurses and heart health advisers to support you by giving you information on anything heart related or simply to listen if you need someone to talk to.
A guide for anyone who is thinking about setting up a heart support group in their local area. It contains all the information you will need, along with affiliation forms, promotional leaflets and posters to help get your group off the ground.
The Hearty Voices Programme provides free one-day training to help heart patients and their carers make their views heard and influence their local health service. For more information see www.bhf.org.uk/condition
Hearty Voices Leaflet:
Provides information on the Hearty Voices programme, and how you can gain access to FREE training, support and information bulletins.
HEARTY VOICES POSTER:
Can be used to advertise Hearty Voices in your area. It gives space for adding contact information for people who want to find out more about Hearty Voices or book a place on a training day.
GET A HEART GRANT PROGRAMME:
The Help a Heart Grant Programme is a small grants programme for groups of heart patients, carers and people at high risk of developing heart disease in local communities. The BHF awards grants of up to £2000 to organisations and groups in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland & Wales who will make a real difference to the community.
HELP A HEART GRANT APPLICATION PACK:
This application pack is all you need to apply for a grant and will take you through the process step by step.
HELP A HEART GRANT LEAFLET:
Provides information about the Help a Heart Grant Programme and how to apply for a grant.
HELP A HEART GRANT POSTER:
An eye catching poster to advertise Healp a Heart Grants in your area. It gives space for adding contact information for people who want to find a grant. |
How Ruddock's policy helped drive daughter overseas
Meet the Ruddocks, Kirsty and Philip ... "You do feel a bit let down that you can't change his view on things and that you're not getting through to him." Photo: Courtesy ABC TV
The daughter of the Immigration Minister, Philip Ruddock, is so distressed by his tough immigration policies that she has left the country to work as a volunteer for an aid organisation.
Kirsty Ruddock, 30, said she found it difficult to reconcile her father's hard line on immigration with the values of compassion he brought her up with.
She told the ABC's Australian Story program, to be aired tonight, that she was appalled by mandatory detention, particularly of children, and with the Government's handling of the Tampa affair. "I have decided to live overseas ... with a program called Youth Ambassadors," Ms Ruddock says.
"Very much I am motivated by wanting to go and live and work in a developing country, but another reason behind leaving, I suppose, is to get away from what I see very much as the daily grind in terms of reading about the politics that my father is involved with ...
"It's very difficult to be his daughter because I very much want to be my own person and I have very different views from him as well. It would be fair to say I'm opposed to the mandatory detention system and certainly the detention of children in particular, and I have raised that on a number of occasions. ");document.write("
advertisement
");
}
}
// -->
"I've also been very involved in human rights organisations and particularly Amnesty International, and they are, I suppose, one of the organisations that have been highly critical of his portfolio, with just cause."
She had asked her father not to wear his Amnesty International badge when discussing immigration matters as the organisation opposed his policies.
"Obviously you know I love my dad, but I do find it very difficult because sometimes you do feel a bit let down that you can't change his view on things and that you're not getting through to him, as well as that somehow it's my fault [laugh] that what he is doing is wrong."
Ms Ruddock told Australian Story producer Helen Grasswill she found it difficult when people presumed she shared her father's views.
The program painted a portrait of a loving family strained by the strong disagreement between father and daughter.
Mr Ruddock's wife, Heather, and younger daughter, Caitlin, also lawyers, appear in the program, but do not reveal their view on the immigration policies.
Heather Ruddock said: "I find it quite hurtful when you might walk through a demonstration ... and you've got people shouting out 'you're a mass murderer, you're a racist, blah, blah, blah'... One thing he does not have is a racist bone in his body ..." But she feared many people supported him for the wrong reasons.
Mr Ruddock stressed he was proud of both his daughters. "I don't expect my family to be parrots. She is a tenacious, competent lawyer. I am proud of the fact that she does care." |
Q:
Drupal 7 FAPI type button does not work
Ik am doing a very simple form where I add a button which should do some functionality, but it's not working. Altough the button is visible on the page and when I click it the page is refreshed. Can anyone see what's wrong with this code ?
function donation_form_alter(&$form, &$form_state, $form_id) {
if ($form_id == 'wedding_article_node_form') {
$form['add_donation'] = array(
'#type' => 'button',
'#submit' => array('donation_add_donation'),
'#value' => t('Add donation'),
);
}
}
function donation_add_donation(&$form, &$form_state) {
dpm('test');
dpm($form);
}
A:
You need a submit type element if you want to run a submit handler. From the documentation:
When the button is pressed, the form will be submitted to Drupal, where it is validated and rebuilt. The submit handler is not invoked.
(emphasis mine)
|
Next generation microbiological risk assessment meta-omics: The next need for integration.
The development of a multi-omics approach has provided a new approach to the investigation of microbial communities allowing an integration of data, which can be used to better understand the behaviour of and interactions between community members. Metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics and metabolomics have the potential of producing a large amount of data in a very short time, however an important challenge is how to exploit and interpret these data to assist risk managers in food safety and quality decisions. This can be achieved by integrating multi-omics data in microbiological risk assessment. In this paper we identify limitations and challenges of the multi-omics approach, underlining promising potentials, but also identifying gaps, which should be addressed for its full exploitation. A view on how this new way of investigation will impact the traditional microbiology schemes in the food industry is also presented. |
Q:
difference between int( (n+1)/2 ) and (n+1)//2?
In python for a problem https://www.spoj.com/problems/APM i used
t = int(input())
while t > 0:
n= int(input())
if n%2 == 0:
print(-1)
else:
n = int((n+1)/2)
print(n,n-1)
t -= 1
this code and rejected,
but for this :
t = int(input())
while t > 0:
n= int(input())
if n%2 == 0:
print(-1)
else:
n = (n+1)//2
print(n,n-1)
t -= 1
accepted, my question is why int((n+1)/2) gives different ans then (n+1)//2 at large number n< 10^18?
A:
Even though for small n, it is true that int(n*(n-1)/2) == n*(n-1)//2, that can fail for large n. The reason why is that / is floating point division, which can result in loss of information, information that int() can't recover:
>>> n = 10**18 - 1
>>> n*(n-1)
999999999999999997000000000000000002
>>> n*(n-1)//2
499999999999999998500000000000000001
>>> n*(n-1)/2
5e+35
>>> int(n*(n-1)/2)
500000000000000021210318687008980992
The loss of information can be seen in 5e+35 vs. 499999999999999998500000000000000001
|
Frank de Boer in talks with Spurs over manager’s job
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De Boer's Ajax won a fourth consecutive title this weekendVincent Jannink
2 of 2
Sherwood's position as head coach has come under constant scrutinyMike Hewitt
Sarah Ebner
Last updated at 4:53PM, April 29 2014
Frank de Boer, the coach of Ajax, has confirmed that his club have received an
approach from Tottenham Hotspur to see if he would be interested in managing
them.
De Boer - whose club won a fourth successive Eredivisie league title this
weekend - told national broadcaster NOS that he had been informed of the
call by Marc Overmars, Ajax’s director of football. However, he added that
he was preoccupied with Ajax and unwilling to consider a change until the
season ends next week.
“I’m going to listen and talk,” the 43-year-old, who also won the Uefa Cup and
Champions League as |
Oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are implicated in mediating a wide array of human diseases including atherosclerosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidants contribute to disease processes by causing damage to biomolecules and altering cellular metabolism. Key among the targets for oxidative damage are structural proteins and enzymes. In order to understand how oxidative stress can cause disease, it is important to discover which proteins become affected by oxidative stress, to what degree they are modified, and the functional consequences of the modifications. Previous studies on protein oxidation involved exposing purified proteins to a source of oxidants (e.g., iron/ascorbate) and measuring the extent and consequences of the damage. More recently, we have directed our efforts towards studying induction of protein oxidation in tumor cells exposed to chemotherapy drugs. Reports in the literature suggest that induction of apoptosis by chemotherapeutic agents is mediated by oxidants generated within the cells. We set out to determine whether proteins become oxidized in this process and, if so, whether oxidative modification of specific proteins contributes to the apoptotic process. Over the past year, experiments were carried out to identify specific proteins which might undergo oxidation during chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and H2O2-induced necrosis. Emphasis was placed on identifying mitochondrial proteins that might become modified since mitochondrial function is so central to the apoptotic process. Apoptosis was induced with the drug VP-16 and protein oxidation was assessed by measuring protein carbonyls (Western blot assay) and total methionine sulfoxide (in collaboration with investigators at the NHLBI, NIH). To date, we have found no evidence of increased protein oxidation during VP-16-induced apoptosis. There was also no induction of lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant compounds were ineffective at inhibiting VP-16-induced cell death. Our results provide evidence that apoptosis does not necessarily involve oxidative stress and does not require protein oxidation. This finding is significant because it challenges the current dogma which suggests that formation of intracellular oxidants is an integral part of the apoptotic process. The work is currently being prepared for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. |
Mackay's Ben Barba is set to make his debut for St Helens Rugby Football Club next month.
Mackay's Ben Barba is set to make his debut for St Helens Rugby Football Club next month. St Helens Star
SUPER LEAGUE: Ben Barba has served his 12-match ban for drug use and is gearing up to play again in the UK.
The former Mackay junior will make his debut for St Helens Rugby Football Club against rivals, Wigan, on Friday, September 1.
Barba joined the Saints earlier this year on a two-and-a-half-year deal after a stint with French Rugby Union side Toulon.
>> CLICK HERE TO GET THE LATEST NEWS ON BEN BARBA DELIVERED TO YOUR EMAIL INBOXHis first appearance in the Red V has been long-awaited by fans after the club's attempt to overturn his three-month ban from the NRL was unsuccessful.
Talking to St Helens Star, Barba said he was excited to be making his debut for the club.
"It's a game I'm really looking for to, I can't wait,” Barba said.
"You hear the boys talk about it and guys that have experienced the local derby and it's a good way to announce myself on the scene.”
Barba started playing rugby league for Norths Devils in Mackay before signing with Canterbury Bulldogs in 2007.
The 28-year-old won the Dally M medal in 2012 and joined the Cronulla Sharks last year to go on and win the NRL premiership. |
Referee Ed Hochuli (85) greets Oakland Raiders fans before an NFL football game against the Seattle Seahawks in Oakland, Calif. The NFL and referees' union reached a tentative agreement on Wednesday.
ASSOCIATED PRESSEnlarge
Published: Thursday, 9/27/2012 - Updated: 2 years ago
Regular referees to return for Ravens vs Browns game
ASSOCIATED PRESS
NEW YORK — The NFL and the referees' union reached a tentative contract agreement at midnight Thursday, ending an impasse that began in June when the league locked out the officials and used replacements instead.
"Our officials will be back on the field starting tomorrow night" for the Cleveland-Baltimore game, Commissioner Roger Goodell said. "We appreciate the commitment of the NFLRA in working through the issues to reach this important agreement."
With Goodell at the table, the sides concluded two days of talks with the announcement of a tentative 8-year deal, which must be ratified by 51 percent of the union's 121 members. They plan to vote Friday.
"Our Board of Directors has unanimously approved taking this proposed CBA to the membership for a ratification vote," said Scott Green, president of the NFLRA. "We are glad to be getting back on the field for this week's games."
The replacements worked the first three weeks of games, triggering a wave of frustration that threatened to disrupt the rest of the season. After a missed call cost the Green Bay Packers a win on a chaotic final play at Seattle on Monday night, the two sides really got serious.
The union was seeking improved salaries, retirement benefits and other logistical issues for the part-time officials. The NFL has proposed a pension freeze and a higher 401(k) match, and it wants to hire 21 more officials to improve the quality of officiating. The union has fought that, fearing it could lead to a loss of jobs for some of the current officials, as well as a reduction in overall compensation.
The NFL claimed its offers have included annual pay increases that could earn an experienced official more than $200,000 annually by 2018. The NFLRA has disputed the value of the proposal, insisting it means an overall reduction in compensation.
Replacement refs aren't new to the NFL. They worked the first week of games in 2001 before a deal was reached. But those officials came from the highest level of college football; the current replacements do not. Their ability to call fast-moving NFL games drew mounting criticism through Week 3, climaxing last weekend, when ESPN analyst Jon Gruden called their work "tragic and comical."
Those comments came during "Monday Night Football," with Seattle beating Green Bay 14-12 on a desperation pass into the end zone on the final play. Packers safety M.D. Jennings had both hands on the ball in the end zone, and when he fell to the ground in a scrum, both Jennings and Seahawks receiver Golden Tate had their arms on the ball.
The closest official to the play, at the back of the end zone, signaled for the clock to stop, while another official at the sideline ran in and then signaled touchdown.
An official, rear center, signals for a touchdown by Seattle Seahawks wide receiver Golden Tate, obscured, as another official, at right, signals a touchback, on the controversial last play of an NFL football game against the Green Bay Packers in Seattle. The Seahawks won 14-12.ASSOCIATED PRESSEnlarge
The NFL said in a statement Tuesday that the touchdown pass should not have been overturned — but acknowledged Tate should have been called for offensive pass interference before the catch. The league also said there was no indisputable evidence to reverse the call made on the field.
That drew even louder howls of outrage. Some coaches, including Miami's Joe Philbin and Cincinnati's Marvin Lewis, tried to restore some calm by instructing players not to speak publicly on the issue.
Fines against two coaches for incidents involving the replacements were handed out Wednesday.
New England Patriots coach Bill Belichick was docked $50,000 for trying to grab an official's arm Sunday to ask for an explanation of a call after his team lost at Baltimore. And Washington offensive coordinator Kyle Shanahan was tagged for $25,000 for what the league called "abuse of officials" in the Redskins' loss to Cincinnati on Sunday. Two other coaches, Denver's John Fox and assistant Jack Del Rio, were fined Monday for incidents involving the replacements the previous week.
"I accept the discipline and I apologize for the incident," Belichick said.
Players were in no mood for apologies from anyone.
"I'll probably get in trouble for this, but you have to have competent people," Carolina receiver Steve Smith said. "And if you're incompetent, get them out of there."
Added Rams quarterback Sam Bradford: "I just don't think it's fair to the fans, I don't think it's fair to us as players to go out there and have to deal with that week in and week out. I really hope that they're as close as they say they are."
They were. Finally.
Recommended for You
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Our apartment in a central location is located on the 3rd floor of an apartment building and can accommodate 1-5 people. It is family friendly and fully equipped and has a size of 48 sqm (living room with dining area 25 sqm, bedroom 12 sqm and a separate kitchen with hatch and bathroom). The living room has a balcony with sitting area. A parking space is located in front of the house. The apartment is located in the same house as the apartment Deutz with cathedral view. New: WLAN Free!
Cologne Deutz is a district near the center of Cologne known by the Cologne Fair. It borders on the districts of Cologne Humbold Gremberg, Cologne Kalk, Cologne Poll, Cologne Buchforst and Cologne Mühlheim.DistancesSupermarket 100 mLanxess Arena 800 mCologne fair 1500 mCologne center 2000 m |
Long-term inflammatory response to liquid injectable silicone, cartilage, and silicone sheet.
To show and compare the long-term inflammatory responses to subdermal microdroplet injections of 1,000 centistoke (cS) and 5,000 cS liquid injectable silicone (LIS), and to assess the applicability of insulin pen as an alternative LIS delivery device in an animal model. Animal study. Eighteen healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Two graft recipient sites and four injection sites were prepared on each rat's back for: 1) autogenous auricular cartilage graft; 2) silicone sheet; 3) 1,000 cS LIS injection with insulin syringe; 4) 1,000 cS LIS injection with insulin pen; 5) 5,000 cS LIS injection with insulin syringe; and 6) 5,000 cS LIS injection with insulin pen. The animals were followed up for 6 months, and skin biopsies were examined for the evaluation of LIS microdroplets in situ and the degree of inflammatory tissue response. Immunohistochemistry was used for the examination of macrophages and the density of microvessels. Biopsies from 17 animals were assessed. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups in terms of the number of lymphocytes (P = 0.081), macrophages (P = 0.857), and neutrophils (P = 0.995), the degree of vascular proliferation (P = 0.698), and the mean LIS microdroplet diameter (P = 0.540). Grossly, there was no sign of granuloma formation in any of the specimens. There is a low-grade, well-tolerated long-term inflammatory response to microdroplet injections of 1,000 cS and 5,000 cS LIS that is comparable to autogenous cartilage graft in rats. Standard dose delivery devices such as insulin pens can be used for controlled LIS injections. N/A. |
had water on kitchen floor after overnight wash cycle. Replaced large door seal and small lower seal. Ran test wash, still dripping from lower section of door, albeit a little less than before.
Water level seems high. How high should it be when I open the door mid cycle?
After cycle completes, there is still water in the tub bottom.
Float and float switch tested good.
Drain under sink unhooked, and tested for backflow. Valve seems good as no water flowed back into the dishwasher when the hose was filled from the sink end and raised above the DW.
no soap has bene use din last 2 test cycles, yet water is very sudsy.
I'm not sure what to do next....and suggestions?
Thanks
The content on this web site is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace an on-site diagnosis from a qualified appliance service technician. By reading any content on this site you agree to AppliancePartsPros.com , Inc. disclaimer and Terms of Use. |
Q:
Fading Action Bar Android shows only one item in List
I was trying to use the famous Fading Action Bar(FAB) library in my app and I am stuck with a weird problem. If I don't use the FAB library my listview loads just fine but if I use the FAB library, there is only one element in the listview rather than 10.
I have imported the FAB library as a library project and provided it the appropriate resources it needs. Here is my code :
public class JobList extends Activity {
ArrayList<String> jobList;
ListView lv;
ProgressDialog progress;
HashMap<String,JobItem> jobMap;
HashMap<String,String> positionAndIdMap;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//setContentView(R.layout.activity_job_list);
FadingActionBarHelper helper = new FadingActionBarHelper()
.actionBarBackground(R.drawable.ab_background)
.headerLayout(R.layout.header)
.contentLayout(R.layout.activity_job_list);
setContentView(helper.createView(this));
helper.initActionBar(this);
lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list);
jobList = new ArrayList<String>();
jobMap = new HashMap<String, JobItem>();
positionAndIdMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
String url = "https://cs5.salesforce.com/services/data/v20.0/query";
url += "?q="+ URLEncoder.encode("SELECT Id,Name,tc9_ti__Client_Name__c,Date_Posted_Formatted__c,ts2__Employment_Type__c,ts2__Job_Description__c,ts2__Status__c from ts2__Job__c Limit 10");
requestWithSomeHttpHeaders(url, getApplicationContext());
lv.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position,
long arg3) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String jobId = positionAndIdMap.get(""+position);
JobItem item = jobMap.get(jobId);
Intent jobIntent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), JobDetail.class);
jobIntent.putExtra("obj",item);
startActivity(jobIntent);
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), ""+jobList.get(position), 500).show();
}
});
}
public void requestWithSomeHttpHeaders(String reqUrl, Context context){
RequestQueue queue = Volley.newRequestQueue(context);
String finalResponse ="";
Context con = context;
String url = reqUrl;
StringRequest postRequest = new StringRequest(Request.Method.GET, url,
new Response.Listener<String>()
{
@Override
public void onResponse(String response) {
// response
Log.d("Response", response);
progress.dismiss();
try {
JSONObject jObj = new JSONObject(response);
try {
// Getting Array of Contacts
JSONArray records = jObj.getJSONArray("records");
// looping through All Contacts
for(int i = 0; i < records.length(); i++){
JSONObject c = records.getJSONObject(i);
// Storing each json item in variable
String title = c.getString("Name");
String Id = c.getString("Id");
String jobStatus = c.getString("ts2__Status__c");
String datePosted = c.getString("Date_Posted_Formatted__c");
String clientName = c.getString("tc9_ti__Client_Name__c");
String employmentType = c.getString("ts2__Employment_Type__c");
String jobDescription = c.getString("ts2__Job_Description__c");
JobItem jItem = new JobItem(Id,title,clientName,datePosted,employmentType,jobDescription,jobStatus);
jobList.add(title);
Log.d("Job list:"+i, ""+title);
positionAndIdMap.put(""+i,Id);
jobMap.put(Id, jItem);
}
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Log.d("Json:", ""+jObj);
} catch (JSONException e) {
Log.e("JSON Parser", "Error parsing data " + e.toString());
}
if(jobList.size()>0){
lv.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(getApplicationContext(), R.layout.list_item, jobList));
}else{
setContentView(R.layout.empty);
}
}
},
new Response.ErrorListener()
{
@Override
public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Log.d("ERROR","error => "+error.toString());
}
}
) {
@Override
public Map<String, String> getHeaders() throws AuthFailureError {
Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
String sessionId = RequestHandler.TOKEN;
params.put("X-PrettyPrint", "1");
params.put("Authorization", "OAuth " + sessionId);
return params;
}
};
queue.add(postRequest);
progress = ProgressDialog.show(this, "Please Wait...",
"Loading List Of Jobs...");
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.job_list, menu);
return true;
}
}
The above code compiles without any errors, but the List contains only one element. Any ideas what I am doing wrong? If I remove the FAB part from the code above and set the content normally then the list loads 10 elements. Any help would be very appreciated.
Thanks !
A:
I encountered this as well. The solution is that your listView's ID must be android.R.id.list since that's the id he's using to determine if you have a listView otherwise it falls back to scrollView.
|
import channel from './channel'
import routes from './routes'
module.exports = { channel, routes, identifiers: ['messenger'] }
|
God’s House or A Religious System
“For they are an uncontrolled people, false-hearted, who will not give ear to the teaching of the Lord: Who say to the seers, See not; and to the prophets, Do not give us word of what is true, but say false things to give us pleasure”
Isaiah 30:10 (BBE)
Most people would not blatantly say such things but God sees the heart. Many religious people do not want to hear truth. They do not want to concern themselves with the condition of their hearts, God’s house, nor the gravity of the day in which we are living. There is only the desire for positive words and good things to bolster our carnal ways. We have not come to this state of apathy by embracing His truth and walking in His Spirit. We are here because of our choices. We have a “church” where the people elect who would minister to them rather than whom God may send. We have our own agendas for how we want “our” church to look. It is not about God; it is about an atmosphere where we can feel comfortable, accepted and in control.
Truth has become something that fortifies our “doctrine”, our way of doing things and conducting our church/fellowship business. The ministration of the Word is no longer a fearful thing. It is not something which holds up the light, wonder and holiness of God; it has become tepid and impotent. Rather than bringing conviction it soothes our failures to live righteously. It makes light of sin and our carnal and worldly ways. Pastors and preachers who want to hold on to their “jobs” need to stay within the comfort zone or their replacement will easily be found. Those who love truth will speak it. These ones do not seek the approval of men for there is a knowledge deep within their hearts of a holy accountability unto Him who will judge all things. This is nothing new as noted by Francis Bacon in his day.
“In periods of unsettled faith, skepticism, and mere curious speculation in matters of religion, teachers of all kinds swarm like the flies in Egypt. The demand creates the supply. The hearers invite and shape their own preachers. If the people desire a calf to worship, a ministerial calf-maker is readily found. “The master of superstition is the people, and in all superstition wise men follow fools” (Bacon, Ess. 17).
There is always a “priesthood” quick to provide whatever the people want:
“…the people gathered themselves together unto Aaron, and said unto him, Up, make us gods, which shall go before us…”
Exodus 32:1
Aaron quickly responded:
“…and fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf: and they said, “These be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt”. And when Aaron saw it, he built an altar before it; and Aaron made proclamation, and said, Tomorrow is a feast to the Lord”
Exodus 32:4-5
Notice how quickly they took the “new” and made it appear as if it was unto the Lord! Religion has not changed. There is nothing new under the sun. Surely this is a generation who loves to hear smooth and nice words. Whenever and wherever God’s people choose their own ministers the results will be the same.
It is during these times that God raises up true men and women who seek to live truth, speak truth and to confront the horror of such things. In God’s House the ministrations of His Spirit are not chosen by the people they are called…
“Paul, an apostle, not of men, neither by man, but by Jesus Christ, and God the Father…”
Galatians 1:1 |
September 7, 2010
An Extremist (and Media) Bonanza: Getting Fired Up For 9/11
You desecrate our symbols, we desecrate yours.
With America in a downward, accelerating spiral of anger and scapegoating, the extremists — the visual media right there with a magnifying glass — have not only claimed ownership over Ground Zero, but now, the 9/11 anniversary.
First, the ignorant, ultra-fringe Florida preacher with the minuscule following promised to burn the Koran on 9/11, earning himself gobs of attention over his little sign and his demonstration video. In response, extremists in Asia have been getting the citizenry fired up, earning even more media attention over America’s supposed hatred of Islam. Now, the Petraeus warning has taken the story to whole new level.
So the stage is set … and it’s only Monday.
(photo 1: photo 2: Gainesville.com. from: Anti-Islam church sign stirs up community outrage.photo: Musadeq Sadeq/A.P. caption: Afghan protesters step on a U.S. flag during a demonstration against the United States, in Kabul, Afghanistan, Monday, Sept. 6, 2010. Hundreds of Afghans railed against the U.S. and called for President Barack Obama’s death at a rally in the capital Monday to denounce an American church’s plans to burn the Islamic holy book on 9/11. ) |
<p align="center">
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/master/misc/logo_readme.png" width="800"/>
</p>
## Overview
[](https://travis-ci.org/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway)
A 3rd-party driver plugin for Docker machine to manage your containers on the servers of Scaleway
## Setup
### Homebrew
```shell
# install latest release of docker-machine-driver-scaleway and docker-machine using homebrew
$ brew tap scaleway/scaleway
$ brew install scaleway/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway
# install latest (git) version of docker-machine-driver-scaleway
$ brew tap scaleway/scaleway
$ brew install scaleway/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway --HEAD
```
### Go
```shell
# install latest (git) version of docker-machine-driver-scaleway in your $GOPATH/bin (depends on Golang and docker-machine)
$ go get -u github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway
```
### Binary
You can find sources and pre-compiled binaries [here](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/releases/latest)
```shell
# Download the binary (this example downloads the binary for darwin amd64)
$ curl -sL https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/releases/download/v1.2.1/docker-machine-driver-scaleway_1.2.1_darwin_amd64.zip -O
$ unzip docker-machine-driver-scaleway_1.2.1_darwin_amd64.zip
# Make it executable and copy the binary in a directory accessible with your $PATH
$ chmod +x docker-machine-driver-scaleway_1.2.1_darwin_amd64/docker-machine-driver-scaleway
$ sudo cp docker-machine-driver-scaleway_1.2.1_darwin_amd64/docker-machine-driver-scaleway /usr/local/bin/
```
## Usage
### 1. Get your Scaleway credentials
You can find your `ACCESS KEY` and generate your `TOKEN` [here](https://cloud.scaleway.com/#/credentials)
### 2. Scaleway driver helper
```console
$ docker-machine create -d scaleway -h
Usage: docker-machine create [OPTIONS] [arg...]
Create a machine
Description:
Run 'docker-machine create --driver name' to include the create flags for that driver in the help text.
Options:
--driver, -d "none" Driver to create machine with. [$MACHINE_DRIVER]
--engine-env [--engine-env option --engine-env option] Specify environment variables to set in the engine
--engine-insecure-registry [--engine-insecure-registry option --engine-insecure-registry option] Specify insecure registries to allow with the created engine
--engine-install-url "https://get.docker.com" Custom URL to use for engine installation [$MACHINE_DOCKER_INSTALL_URL]
--engine-label [--engine-label option --engine-label option] Specify labels for the created engine
--engine-opt [--engine-opt option --engine-opt option] Specify arbitrary flags to include with the created engine in the form flag=value
--engine-registry-mirror [--engine-registry-mirror option --engine-registry-mirror option] Specify registry mirrors to use [$ENGINE_REGISTRY_MIRROR]
--engine-storage-driver Specify a storage driver to use with the engine
--scaleway-commercial-type "VC1S" Specifies the commercial type [$SCALEWAY_COMMERCIAL_TYPE]
--scaleway-debug Enables Scaleway client debugging [$SCALEWAY_DEBUG]
--scaleway-image "ubuntu-xenial" Specifies the image [$SCALEWAY_IMAGE]
--scaleway-bootscript "docker" Specifies the bootscript [$SCALEWAY_BOOTSCRIPT]
--scaleway-ip Specifies the IP address [$SCALEWAY_IP]
--scaleway-ipv6 Enable ipv6 [$SCALEWAY_IPV6]
--scaleway-name Assign a name [$SCALEWAY_NAME]
--scaleway-organization Scaleway organization [$SCALEWAY_ORGANIZATION]
--scaleway-port "22" Specifies SSH port [$SCALEWAY_PORT]
--scaleway-region "par1" Specifies the location (par1,ams1) [$SCALEWAY_REGION]
--scaleway-token Scaleway token [$SCALEWAY_TOKEN]
--scaleway-user "root" Specifies SSH user name [$SCALEWAY_USER]
--scaleway-volumes Attach additional volume (e.g., 50G) [$SCALEWAY_VOLUMES]
--swarm Configure Machine to join a Swarm cluster
--swarm-addr addr to advertise for Swarm (default: detect and use the machine IP)
--swarm-discovery Discovery service to use with Swarm
--swarm-experimental Enable Swarm experimental features
--swarm-host "tcp://0.0.0.0:3376" ip/socket to listen on for Swarm master
--swarm-image "swarm:latest" Specify Docker image to use for Swarm [$MACHINE_SWARM_IMAGE]
--swarm-join-opt [--swarm-join-opt option --swarm-join-opt option] Define arbitrary flags for Swarm join
--swarm-master Configure Machine to be a Swarm master
--swarm-opt [--swarm-opt option --swarm-opt option] Define arbitrary flags for Swarm master
--swarm-strategy "spread" Define a default scheduling strategy for Swarm
--tls-san [--tls-san option --tls-san option] Support extra SANs for TLS certs
```
### 3. Create your machine
You need to configure your `ACCESS_KEY` and `TOKEN`, we suggest you to install [scw](https://github.com/scaleway/scaleway-cli) and create a credential file using `scw login`.
In the following example, authentication is done without any other dependencies using the `--scaleway-token=TOKEN` and `--scaleway-organization=ACCESS_KEY` parameters.
```console
$ docker-machine create -d scaleway --scaleway-token=TOKEN --scaleway-organization=ORGANIZATION_ID --scaleway-name="cloud-scaleway-1" cloud-scaleway
Running pre-create checks...
Creating machine...
(cloud-scaleway) Creating SSH key...
(cloud-scaleway) Creating server...
(cloud-scaleway) Starting server...
Waiting for machine to be running, this may take a few minutes...
Detecting operating system of created instance...
Waiting for SSH to be available...
Detecting the provisioner...
Provisioning with ubuntu(upstart)...
Installing Docker...
Copying certs to the local machine directory...
Copying certs to the remote machine...
Setting Docker configuration on the remote daemon...
Checking connection to Docker...
Docker is up and running!
To see how to connect your Docker Client to the Docker Engine running on this virtual machine, run: docker-machine env cloud-scaleway
```
Note that you can store these parameters in the environment variables `SCALEWAY_TOKEN` and `SCALEWAY_ORGANIZATION`.
### 4. Test your machine
```console
$ eval $(docker-machine env cloud-scaleway) # loads environment variables to use your machine
$ docker-machine ls # cloud-scaleway is now activated
NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS
cloud-scaleway * scaleway Running tcp://212.47.248.251:2376 v1.10.3
dev - virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.100:2376 v1.9.1
$ docker run -d -p 80:80 owncloud:8.1 # starts a owncloud image
Unable to find image 'owncloud:8.1' locally
8.1: Pulling from library/owncloud
...
$ docker ps # displays your containers
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ebdd86fcd18b owncloud:8.1 "/entrypoint.sh apach" 22 seconds ago Up 20 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp elegant_shirley
$ curl --silent http://212.47.248.251 | head -n1 # you can also open your browser with your IP
<!DOCTYPE html>
```
## Options
|Option Name |Description |Default Value |required|
|----------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------|--------------|--------|
|``--scaleway-organization`` or ``$SCALEWAY_ORGANIZATION`` |Organization UUID |none |yes |
|``--scaleway-token`` or ``$SCALEWAY_TOKEN`` |Token UUID |none |yes |
|``--scaleway-name`` or ``$SCALEWAY_NAME`` |Server name |none |no |
|``--scaleway-commercial-type`` or ``$SCALEWAY_COMMERCIAL_TYPE`` |Commercial type |VC1S |no |
|``--scaleway-image`` or ``$SCALEWAY_IMAGE`` |Server image |ubuntu-xenial |no |
|``--scaleway-region`` or ``$SCALEWAY_REGION`` |Specify the location |par1 |no |
|``--scaleway-debug`` or ``$SCALEWAY_DEBUG`` |Toggle debugging |false |no |
|``--scaleway-ip`` or ``$SCALEWAY_IP`` |Server IP |"" |no |
|``--scaleway-volumes`` or ``$SCALEWAY_VOLUMES`` |Attach additional volume |"" |no |
|``--scaleway-user`` or ``$SCALEWAY_USER`` |SSH User |root |no |
|``--scaleway-port`` or ``$SCALEWAY_PORT`` |SSH port |22 |no |
---
## Examples
```bash
# create a Scaleway docker host
docker-machine create -d scaleway my-scaleway-docker-machine
# create a VC1M server, name it my-docker-machine-1 on Scaleway and my-docker1 in the local Docker machine, with debug enabled
docker-machine create -d scaleway \
--scaleway-name="my-docker-machine-1" --scaleway-debug \
--scaleway-commercial-type="VC1M" --scaleway-volumes="50G" \
my-docker1
# create a swarm master on a VC1M
docker-machine create -d scaleway \
--scaleway-commercial-type="VC1M" --scaleway-volumes="50G" \
--swarm --swarm-master --swarm-discovery="XXX"
my-swarm-manager
# create a swarm slave on a VC1S
docker-machine create -d scaleway \
--scaleway-commercial-type="VC1S" \
--swarm --swarm-discovery="XXX"
my-swarm-node
# create a docker host on the different server offers
docker-machine create -d scaleway --scaleway-commercial-type="VC1S" my-vc1s-node
docker-machine create -d scaleway --scaleway-commercial-type="VC1M" --scaleway-volumes="50G" my-vc1m-node
docker-machine create -d scaleway --scaleway-commercial-type="VC1L" --scaleway-volumes="100G" my-vc1l-node
docker-machine create -d scaleway --scaleway-commercial-type="C2S" my-c2s-node
docker-machine create -d scaleway --scaleway-commercial-type="C2M" my-c2m-node
docker-machine create -d scaleway --scaleway-commercial-type="C2L" my-c2l-node
# remove a machine
docker-machine rm my-vc1s-node
About to remove my-vc1s-node
WARNING: This action will delete both local reference and remote instance.
Are you sure? (y/n): y
Successfully removed my-vc1s-node
# force remove a machine
docker-machine rm -f my-vc1s-node
About to remove my-vc1s-node
WARNING: This action will delete both local reference and remote instance.
```
More [examples](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/tree/master/examples).
---
## How to start an ARM server
To launch an ARM server, you need to start a server with our Docker Image, and use an empty install script.
```console
$ curl -sL http://bit.ly/1sf3j8V
#!/bin/sh
exit 0
$ docker-machine create -d scaleway --scaleway-commercial-type=C1 --scaleway-image=docker --engine-install-url="http://bit.ly/1sf3j8V" arm-machine
Running pre-create checks...
Creating machine...
(arm-machine) Creating SSH key...
(arm-machine) Creating server...
(arm-machine) Starting server...
Waiting for machine to be running, this may take a few minutes...
Detecting operating system of created instance...
Waiting for SSH to be available...
Detecting the provisioner...
Provisioning with ubuntu(systemd)...
Installing Docker...
Copying certs to the local machine directory...
Copying certs to the remote machine...
Setting Docker configuration on the remote daemon...
Checking connection to Docker...
Docker is up and running!
To see how to connect your Docker Client to the Docker Engine running on this virtual machine, run: docker-machine env arm-machine
$ eval $(docker-machine env arm-machine) # arm-machine is now activated
$ docker run -it --rm multiarch/ubuntu-core:armhf-xenial # test an ARM container
Unable to find image 'multiarch/ubuntu-core:armhf-xenial' locally
armhf-xenial: Pulling from multiarch/ubuntu-core
9d12e3a67364: Pull complete
441bb0ba1886: Pull complete
4d9398209a87: Pull complete
89c0bb260a76: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:9b01beb4cdf0e1814583113105965f6b82a2fa618f403075f5ff653ac797911b
Status: Downloaded newer image for multiarch/ubuntu-core:armhf-xenial
root@ab197ef8bd3c:/# uname -a
Linux ab197ef8bd3c 4.5.4-docker-1 #1 SMP Thu May 19 18:02:43 UTC 2016 armv7l armv7l armv7l GNU/Linux
root@ab197ef8bd3c:/# exit
```
---
## Changelog
### v1.6 (2018-12-03)
* Migrate from Godeps to dep
* Upgrade scaleway-cli dependency
* Add scripts to help release the project
View full [commits list](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/compare/v1.5...v1.6)
### v1.5 (2018-11-19)
* Revert "Remove VC product line"
* Use xenial image id directly
* Use default image's bootscript
View full [commits list](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/compare/v1.4...v1.5)
### v1.4 (2018-10-28)
* Change default bootscript
* Remove VC product line
* Allow the bootscript to be specified using it's unique id.
* Vendor update
* Remove IP adress if machine didn't exist ([#64](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/pull/64))
View full [commits list](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/compare/v1.3...v1.4)
### v1.3 (2016-10-28)
* Add `--scaleway-region` to start server on different location e.g. `ams1` (Amsterdam)
* Fix `user-agent` format
* Add `--scaleway-ipv6` ([#50](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/issues/50))
* Add `--scaleway-port`
* Add `--scaleway-user`
View full [commits list](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/compare/v1.2.1...v1.3)
### v1.2.1 (2016-05-20)
* Delete IP only when she has been created by docker-machine
View full [commits list](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/compare/v1.2.0...v1.2.1)
### v1.2.0 (2016-05-08)
* Add `--scaleway-ip` ([#37](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/issues/37))
* Add `--scaleway-volumes` ([#40](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/issues/40))
View full [commits list](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/compare/v1.1.0...v1.2.0)
### v1.1.0 (2016-04-28)
* Fix provisionning error with xenial
* `docker-machine ls` displays the commercial-type
* Switch default image to **Ubuntu Xenial**
* Add `--scaleway-image` ([#22](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/issues/22))
* Add `--scaleway-debug`
View full [commits list](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/compare/v1.0.2...v1.1.0)
### v1.0.2 (2016-04-20)
* Add GOXC configuration ([#19](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/issues/19))
* Fix rm subcommand ([#17](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/issues/17))
* Initial homebrew support ([#9](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/issues/9))
View full [commits list](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/compare/v1.0.1...v1.0.2)
### v1.0.1 (2016-04-19)
* Bump dependencies
View full [commits list](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/compare/v1.0.0...v1.0.1)
### v1.0.0 (2016-04-19)
* Sleep only when we stop an host ([#4](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/issues/4))
* Loads credentials from `~/.scwrc` if available ([#2](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/issues/2))
* Support of `create`
* Support of `start`
* Support of `stop`
* Support of `rm`
* Support of `restart`
* Support of `--scaleway-commercial-type`
* Support of `--scaleway-name`
---
## Debugging
```console
$ SCALEWAY_DEBUG=1 MACHINE_DEBUG=1 docker-machine ...
```
## Development
Feel free to contribute :smiley::beers:
## Release
You can easily build for all supported platforms using `build-dmds-packages.sh` script
located in `./scripts`
## Links
- **Scaleway console**: https://cloud.scaleway.com/
- **Scaleway cli**: https://github.com/scaleway/scaleway-cli
- **Scaleway github**: https://github.com/scaleway
- **Scaleway github-community**: https://github.com/scaleway-community
- **Docker Machine**: https://docs.docker.com/machine/
- **Report bugs**: https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/issues
## License
[MIT](https://github.com/scaleway/docker-machine-driver-scaleway/blob/master/LICENSE)
|
G-octamer formation from N⁹ modified guanine derivatives.
The properties of the self-assembly of two lipophilic guanine derivatives, 2',3',5'-O-tris(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-guanosine and N⁹-(3,5-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-benzyl)-guanine, are described. In the presence of K+, both guanine derivatives self-associate into D₄-symmetric octamers consisting of two G-quartets stacked around a central ion. |
Pure alexia after damage to the right fusiform gyrus in a right-handed male.
Pure alexia refers to a rare acquired reading disorder commonly associated with damage to the posterior part of the left medial occipito-temporal (fusiform) gyrus, which is known as the visual word-form area (VWFA) and thought to be the neural basis for visual processing of letters and words. Right-sided lesions very rarely lead to pure alexia in right-handed individuals. We report a case of a 33-year-old right-handed man with isolated pure alexia resulting from a hemorrhagic lesion to the right fusiform gyrus. A limited recovery of reading skills was observed within six weeks post onset. During this period, the patient spontaneously developed a letter-by-letter reading strategy. Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed right-hemisphere dominance for language as well as bilateral reading-related activity in the fusiform gyri. Our case indicates that pure alexia may arise as a consequence of damage to the right fusiform gyrus even in right-handed patients (who still may have right hemisphere dominance for language and reading skills), and may lead to a severe reading disorder, as in individuals with left-hemisphere dominance for language. |
Q:
How can magnesium hydroxide be a strong base and be sparingly soluble at the same time?
A strong base means it completely dissociates forming $ OH^- $ ions when added to aqueous solution.
Sparingly soluble means it dissolves very little when added to aqueous solution.
Yet magnesium hydroxide is said to be both. These two properties seem to contradict each other. How can this be?
A very similar question was asked here, the most relevant answer states that
Some strong bases like calcium hydroxide aren't very soluble in water.
That doesn't matter - what does dissolve is still 100% ionised into
calcium ions and hydroxide ions. Calcium hydroxide still counts as a
strong base because of that 100% ionisation.
But I don't understand the difference - how can something dissolve and not be ionised? (wouldn't that imply a covalent structure like glucose?)
A:
I think we should not conflate "solubility" with "dissociation". They are different phenomena. The former has to do with a molecule breaking away from the other solute molecules and forming interactions with the solvent. The latter is a process which occurs after dissolution, whereby the solute molecules break apart to form ions, separately solvated by the solvent molecules. For a simple covalent substance, the two phemomena are clearly different.
For an ionic solid, the two may seem to occur together since when a soluble ionic salt is placed in water, its ions are in fact pulled apart by water molecules. In this sense, it is dissolving and dissociating at the same time. Hence, by the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases, insoluble hydroxides such as $\ce {Mg(OH)_2}$ may not even be considered to be strong bases. Arrhenius theory would tell us that the strong base is the hydroxide ion, that is produced from the dissolultion and dissociation of the salt.
Actually, in particular for some metal oxides such as $\ce {MgO}$, the first reaction it undergoes upon contact with water is $\ce {MgO + H2O -> Mg(OH)2}$. Hence, we can rightfully say $\ce {MgO}$ is not an Arrhenius base, but it is the precursor to the weak Arrhenius base $\ce {Mg(OH)2}$.
I would like to disagree with the part of the answer you have referenced in your post because as aforementioned, dissolution and dissociation are the same phenomena for ionic salts. It is thus not correct to say that "what does dissolve is still $\ce {100}$% ionised into [ions]" and hence, say that insoluble (or sparingly soluble) ionic salts are strong bases.
To generalise, Arrhenius theory would consider soluble ionic hydroxides such as $\ce {NaOH (s)}$ to be strong bases while it would consider sparingly soluble ionic hydroxides such as $\ce {Ca(OH)2}$ to be weak bases. In other words, the strength of these metal hydroxides as bases is directly linked to their solubility and this makes perfect sense since dissolution and dissociation for an ionic salt are the same process.
A:
Whether magnesium hydroxide is a strong or weak base is a matter of disagreement. Usually it is considered a weak base because of its low solubility.
Whether it's a strong or weak base in terms of dissociation is not completely known. IUPAC reports a single $pK_b$ value, generally between 2 and 3, based on hydrolysis measurements; but because the hydrolysis is dominated by the reaction $\ce{Mg^{2+} + H2O <=> H^+(aq) + MgOH^+}$ this says that only the second dissociation constant is (slightly) weak. The first dissociation constant could be stronger, but magnesium hydroxide has very little solubility in solutions that would be sufficiently alkaline (probably pH>12) to equilibrate the first dissociation of the hydroxide. Both dissociation constants are known for calcium hydroxide and heavier alkaline earth hydroxides where their binary aqueous solutions provide sufficiently alkaline pH.
Magnesium hydroxide is, however, much stronger and more soluble than most transition metal hydroxides. This answer describes how magnesium hydroxide with its superior solubility displaces iron almost quantitatively from aqueous solution, yet an excess does not dissolve into the water. This self-regulating property makes magnesium hydroxide (or the oxide which becomes the hydroxide in situ) and the similarly behaving calcium hydroxide especially suitable for water and soil treatment applications. A fully strong base would risk making a caustic solution.
|
Secondary Menu
Girls Flowing Night Dresses Checked for Fire Safety
December 19, 2016
Flowing night dresses have been given a fire safety thumbs up following Warwickshire wide safety checks conducted by Warwickshire County Council’s Trading Standards Service and Warwickshire Fire and Rescue.
Flowing night dresses, which could easily catch light on open fires, must meet the stringent Children’s Nightwear standard to be sold in the UK.
Nightwear that meets the standard will only burn very slowly, giving children time to remove the nightie or stop, drop and roll, to put the flames out.
Children’s nightwear is a popular Christmas gift and Trading Standards carry out these safety tests to help give parents and grandparents confidence that the products they are buying are safe.
Warwickshire Trading Standards Officers purchased a range of nighties costing between £7 and £15 from high street stores across Warwickshire. These nighties were then tested to the requirements of The Nightwear (Safety) Regulations 1985 and all passed.
Warwickshire County Councillor John Horner, Portfolio Holder for Community Safety said: “Flowing night dresses and open fires don’t mix! I’m pleased that retailers are ensuring that the nightwear they sell meets these important flammability requirements designed to protect children.”
Warwickshire County Councillor Philip Johnson, Chair of the council’s Overview and Scrutiny Committee added: “Open fires can pose a danger to children. Make sure you use a fire guard to protect against flying sparks and hot embers and before you go to bed put the fire out.”
Parents are advised to always check the label and look for the warning ‘Keep away from fire’. |
Canucks Report: Daniel sent home
DANIEL SENT HOME
By Derek Jory
The Vancouver Canucks will be a superstar short Thursday night when they take on the Dallas Stars in Big D.
Daniel Sedin was sent back to Vancouver this morning to undergo further testing after taking an elbow to the head from Chicago Blackhawks defenceman Duncan Keith 13:36 into the first period of a 2-1 Canucks overtime loss Wednesday night.
Leave the jump to conclusions mat in your closet on this one, there’s no telling what this means for Daniel, other than that the Canucks are taking every precaution necessary to ensure he is fine before retuning to the ice.
How long Daniel will be out of Vancouver’s line-up remains to be seen and with only nine games left before the beginning of the 2012 Playoffs, the Canucks have to pull up their socks to make up for his absence.
Manny Malhotra will slot back into the Canucks line-up; coach Alain Vigneault has not confirmed what Vancouver’s lines will be, all we know is that Cory Schneider gets the start between the pipes, his third in four games. |
Interaction of beta-carboline with chick embryo spontaneous motility.
The effect of beta-carboline (beta-CCE) on spontaneous motility and its development was studied in chick embryos between the 11th and 19th day of incubation. 1. Acutely administered beta-CCE (7.5 mg/kg e.w.) already induced significant activation of motility in 11-day-old embryos. From the 17th day of incubation activation acquired a paroxysmal character. 2. In spinal embryos (decapitated on the second day of incubation) there was no such activating effect, demonstrating that it is associated with supraspinal components of the CNS. 3. In chronic administration from the fourth day of incubation (1.55 +/- 0.24 mg/kg e.w./24h), beta-CCE led to reduced development of spontaneous motility. The effect was concentrated in the period between the fourth and eighth day of incubation. The chronic administration of beta-CCE augmented the activating effect of metrazol and weakened GABA-inhibition of spontaneous motility. 4. On the basis of their findings, the authors express the hypothesis that the benzodiazepine beta-CCE-sensitive component of the complex GABA receptor evidently already functions from the beginning of the second half of incubation of chick embryos. |
The latest limited-time arrival at Checkers and Rally’s is the new Bistro Stack Burger menu at participating locations.
Available in three varieties – Single, Double and Triple – each Bistro Stack Burger features a hand-seasoned all-beef patty topped with creamy bistro sauce, parmesan seasoning, Swiss cheese, grilled onions and Onion Tanglers on a toasted brioche bun.
The Double comes stacked with two all-beef patties and two slices of Swiss cheese while the Triple build features three all-beef patties stacked with three slices of Swiss cheese.
Nutritional Information – Single Bistro Stack
Calories: 550
Calories from Fat: 310
Total: 34g
Protein: 19g
Sodium: 1150mg
Carbs: 42g
Sugar: 8g
Nutritional Information – Double Bistro Stack
Calories: 710
Calories from Fat: 420
Fat: 46g
Protein: 31g
Sodium: 1430mg
Carbs: 42g
Sugar: 8g
Nutritional Information – Triple Bistro Stack
Calories: 880 cal.
Calories from Fat: 530
Fat: 59g
Protein: 44g
Sodium: 1710mg
Carbs: 42g
Sugar: 8g
Image – Checkers & Rally’s |
Mold, non compliance with safety and health inspections and retention of potentially violent students… the continuing saga of Job Corps and its “for profit” corporations who place greed before its public trust…
The newest Office of the Inspector General Report published August 10, 2010, found that Minact Corporation did not follow the requirements for reporting financial expenditures and managing safety and health programs at its Excelsior Springs Job Corps Center in Missouri.
The questionable expenditures amounted to $203,921 and in addition to not performing safety and health inspections as required, Minact did not follow federal disciplinary procedures nor convene all the Fact Finding boards (FFB’s) for level I and II infractions committed by students. These level infractions include acts of physical violence committed upon others or threats of violence towards others. Non compliance with the regulations could expose staff and students to violent acts and unsafe conditions on centers. Readers may remember that I reported on this in this blog about Shriver Job corps retaining students who should have been separated because we needed the numbers in order to improve our OBS (On board Strength). See article here:
Of particular interest to me are the photos of the mold growing on the ceiling of the culinary storage area, exposed ceiling tiles in a classroom, and protruding electrical outlet boxes on a classroom floor (Excelsior Springs Job Corps, page 13 and 14 of OIG report). Would you want to send your child there… further… you are paying for this program through your taxes, are you satisfied that your tax dollars are being put to good use?
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*Office of the Inspector General (OIG) Audit Reports showing number manipulation, fraudulent statistics and false inflation of numbers of graduated students...
*Legislative and Congressional Reports detailing testimonies from Senators and Congressmen that Job Corps is inneffective...
*Newspaper articles and books about Job Corps |
Raising the Height of Floating Selvedges
How do I get my floating selvedges to rise up higher? I have them weighted with S-hooks off the back of my loom, but they only rise about a half-inch from the rest of the warp so it’s hard to take the shuttle out from under them.
Thanks, Nancy
Hi Nancy!
On jack looms, to open a shed, shafts rise. In theory, you should see the floating selvedge in the middle of the shed; the shafts that are left down should pull the warp threads as far down out of center as the rising shafts pull them up. But how far down the threads are held is a function of shaft weight. Loom makers usually don’t make the shafts heavy enough to pull the threads that far down because the weaver would have to lift all that weight when treadling. So they try to make the shafts only as heavy as needed to provide enough tension on the “down” threads. (If warp threads go up much more than the distance they are being held down, tension on the threads held down will be much looser than on the raised threads. There’s a delicate balance between keeping the shafts light enough to treadle but not so light that the warp threads left down are too loose to support the shuttle.)
Left: a. The loop (at the back of the shafts); Right: b. The floating selvedge (blue) from the front
All this is to say that on most jack looms, the floating selvedge, as it passes from front beam to back beam, is closer to the threads left down than the threads that are raised. In most cases, in spite of this, they are high enough to be distinguished and used successfully. A half inch would be a pretty minimal height. To weave with it at that height, you need to find it with the index finger of the hand that is catching the shuttle and lift it to allow the shuttle to come out of the shed under it. Entering the shuttle over a floating selvedge that far down is actually easier than if the floating selvedge were in the middle of the shed. But if it’s too hard to find with your catching hand, you can tie the floating selvedge into a higher position. In order to do this, the loom must have some kind of framework that the shafts sit in (you can’t tie the floating selvedge to a shaft). Tie a loop around the floating selvedge and around a crosspiece in this framework to place the floating selvedge in the middle of an open shed. See Photos a and b. |
The same Connecticut teen whose shotgun-outfitted drone video went viral this summer is back—this time with a flamethrower attached to an unmanned aerial vehicle. Reminder: there is currently no law formally banning individuals from weaponizing drones.
The video, uploaded to YouTube on Monday by drone enthusiast Austin Haughwout and entitled “Roasting the Holiday Turkey,” shows a UAV in the woods with a homemade flamethrower strapped to it, incinerating poultry by remote control. The video description includes links to HobbyKing.com, where many of the parts were obtained. Also used were “a significant number of 3D printed parts, wiring, soldering, and miscellaneous parts.”
Advertisement
No doubt it’s fun to watch, but is it a good idea? What if it started a fire? Comments on the YouTube video are pretty divided: “Videos like this make everyone interested in the hobby look irresponsible, and damages how multirotors are viewed by the public,” one user wrote. But another said: “If I mount a gun or a flamethrower on my SUV would that give trucks a bad name? OMG, the government might ban SUVs then.” Another: “This is all Iwant for the holidays now.”
The Verge reports that, although the Federal Aviation Administration launched an investigation after Haughwout posted the video of a gun-equipped drone firing shots in the woods in July, the Feds ultimately turned it over to local authorities. Like the Feds, they also decided against pressing charges after it was decided Haughwout wasn’t technically breaking any law.
Local TV station WTNH reached out to the Haughwouts this week, who said there were buckets of water, hoses, and fire extinguishers nearby when this latest video was filmed. WTNH also contacted local authorities, who had no comment on the matter.
Advertisement
It’s worth pointing out that we’ve seen flame-throwing drones in super controlled academic settings before, but this one built by a hobbyist seems to be a first for the internet. And as far as non-civilians with weaponized drones go? In August, North Dakota became the first state in the US to legally arm police drones with non-lethal weapons like tasers.
This holiday season, drone sales are expected to be the highest they’ve ever been—over 400,000. In the near future, it’s important for us to make sure people will be using them in a safe way. |
San Diego's first waterfront hotel in years is expected to rise on Harbor Drive by 2015, thanks to the California Coastal Commission's unanimous approval Wednesday of the $120 million project.
Seven years in the making, the development was widely praised at the hearing by commissioners and public speakers as a welcome addition to the waterfront that will complement the ongoing redevelopment of the North Embarcadero.
The site of the hotel is Lane Field, where the Padres played from 1936 to 1957, but it has since been a parking lot for more than 50 years awaiting a project for what is considered a key gateway location.
Located at the northeast corner of Broadway and Harbor Drive, the project's first phase consists of a two-wing building containing two mid-scale hotels of 150 and 250 rooms and served by a four-level, above-ground parking structure. The plans include a rooftop restaurant or bar, terrace level swimming pool and second-floor outdoor deck facing the bay.
Project manager Jerry Trammer said the hotels would be akin to a Hilton Garden Inn or Homewood Suites. He expects an announcement soon on a national chain that will operate the hotels. Once financing for the project is complete, Trammer expects construction to begin in August, with the hotel expected to open 20 months later.
The last waterfront hotel to open in San Diego was the 1,190-room San Diego Bayfront Hilton, which debuted in December of 2008.
"We do believe there will be a need for more supply," said Trammer, "and since this is a more mid-scale hotel, it's therefore more affordable, and there's a need for that."
A key part of the project is a required 1.7- acre park, to be developed as a 150-foot wide setback from Harbor Drive. It will be a combination of a paved plaza and large areas of open lawn, with pedestrian paths, lighting, trees, an interactive sculpture area, a small food pavilion, and recreation spaces. It will also be designed to include multiple event spaces to accommodate both small groups and larger civic gatherings and festivals of up to 3,000 people.
The developers were required to redesign the project in response to environmentalists’ demands for a 150-foot-wide setback park that would link to the $28 million North Embarcadero Visionary Plan first phase now under construction. Developers were also able to avoid opposition from labor groups by agreeing to require union construction labor and to welcome unionized workers at the finished hotels.
"This is how all of the hotel projects should come forward," said San Diego labor leader Brigette Browning, who heads the local Unite Here hotel workers union. "I've never seen a developer work so hard to accommodate different constituency groups. You probably recognize we're not normally here supporting projects."
Also required of the developer was a $6 million fee that is to go toward the development of affordable lodging on port tidelands.
A second phase is planned by the developer for the southern part of the 5.7-acre site and is expected to be a taller, more upscale 400-room hotel of about 22 to 23 stories, not unlike an InterContinental. It would share the motor court entering off Pacific Highway.
The developer's hope is to start construction of the project's second phase about a year after the first hotels get underway, but that will depend on financing, which may be more difficult to secure than for the first phase, Trammer acknowledged. The pricetag, he said, could be as high as $250 million. |
Big Changes for Mainstream Chip Architectures - Lind5
https://semiengineering.com/big-changes-for-mainstream-chip-architectures/
======
zengid
_Looked at from another angle, these changes shift the nexus for innovation
from manufacturing and process technology to architecture and design on the
front end, and to post-manufacturing packaging on the back end_
------
ramshanker
Article is about increasing the performance per watt.
Before reading, I guessed it was about lowering the "Non Recurring Expenses"
of chip design. Currently that is the part keeping enthusiast away. Once we
reach any kind of 3D-printing style on demand layout, we will have a github of
chip design.
~~~
mmirate
At the moment, Tempo Automation[1] is probably the closest thing to the goal
you describe.
[1]: [https://www.tempoautomation.com](https://www.tempoautomation.com)
~~~
marcosdumay
Custom circuit assembly has been available for decades, and if everything else
fails, can be done at home.
It also has no relation at all with chip fabrication.
|
Dark X-Men
The Dark X-Men are a fictional team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. They made their debut during the crossover between Dark Avengers and Uncanny X-Men written by Matt Fraction, as part of the broader Dark Reign storyline. Each member but Namor has been handpicked by then–H.A.M.M.E.R. director Norman Osborn for his own criminal agenda.
The team was never officially called the "Dark X-Men" (which was the name of the comics series, not the team). Instead, they were simply called the "X-Men" and were a government-sponsored team trying to take advantage of the name recognition of Charles Xavier's X-Men, to which they had no official connection (much like Osborn's Avengers team was pretending to be the real Avengers).
Publication history
At the 2009 Emerald City ComiCon, writer Matt Fraction confirmed that the Dark X-Men would not be featured in a title of their own, but would rather be featured in Uncanny X-Men during the crossover with Dark Avengers.
In an April 16 interview with Comic Book Resources, Fraction explained the whole idea behind the Dark X-Men was to create three teams; Norman Osborn's Dark Avengers, Scott Summers's X-Men, and Emma Frost's new "Dark" X-Men.
Comic book writer Jason Aaron stated recently that Mystique will have a short story in the Dark X-Men: The Beginning mini-series, but did not confirm whether or not she would join the team; it was later shown that Mystique was impersonating Professor X to make the media believe Charles Xavier supported Norman Osborn's decisions. Similarly, Dark Beast was mentioned as featured in the first two issues of Dark X-Men: The Beginning, but was not confirmed as member of the Dark X-Men. However, both of them were actually revealed as members of the team (with Mystique impersonating Professor X) in Uncanny X-Men #513, released on July 1, 2009.
Other members of the team Fraction chose include Cloak and Dagger, neither of which have had strong ties to any of the X-Men books. "They're here presented with a chance to have their reputations exonerated and their records sealed [if they join the Dark X-Men]," explains Fraction in an interview with Marvel.com. "Osborn presents it to them as the ultimate public service, [where] they can work off their past indiscretions—[such as] Cloak's dealings with the Avengers during the [Skrull] invasion." Fraction reveals the more appealing part of Dark X-Men was to see how Cloak and Dagger react in a real superhero team scenario. Cloak and Dagger's involvement with the Dark X-Men has put their proposed miniseries on hold.
Another team member worthy of note is Mimic, who sees joining this team as a chance to do some good. Writer James Asmus explained: "To actually be invited onto a team—and one working for the government, no less—gives him a vote of confidence that was sorely needed in his life. Unfortunately for Cal, he doesn't realize he didn't sign up with the good guys." The first issue of Dark X-Men: The Beginning will feature stories about Namor, Mimic and Dark Beast. The second featured stories about Cloak & Dagger, Weapon Omega and Daken. The third featured stories about Emma Frost & Namor, Mystique & Norman trying to recruit Aurora.
Following the conclusion of Utopia a 5-issue mini-series titled Dark X-Men, written by Paul Cornell and illustrated by Leonard Kirk, was published. The team roster consisted of Dark Beast, Mimic, Mystique (no longer impersonating Charles Xavier), and Weapon Omega, and showed the re-emergence of Nate Grey.
Collected editions
The different series have been collected into individual volumes:
Dark Avengers/Uncanny X-Men: Utopia (Collects X-Men #513-514, Dark Avengers #7-8, Dark X-Men: The Beginning 1-3, Dark Avengers/Uncanny X-Men: Utopia and Exodus, 368 pages, hardcover, December 2009, , softcover, April 2010, )Dark X-Men'' (collects Dark X-Men #1-5, 120 pages, premiere hardcover, June 2010, )
References
External links
Marvel unleashes — Dark X-Men, Newsarama blog, April 2, 2009
X-Position: Nick Lowe, Comic Book Resources, April 15, 2009
Category:Works by Paul Cornell
Category:X-Men supporting characters |
Saturday, December 24, 2005
An only child raised in a family with a practical approach to showing affection (we sacrifice a lot to pay for you, you know we love you), after the age of, say, twelve, I shied away from being hugged. I can't seem to remember why. For this and other reasons I presently know nothing about proper hugs. I know I'm too analytical and socially inexperienced, and I believe my concerns for propriety are misplaced, but nevertheless…
Recently I've met a trainee (our equivalent to freshman chicks). She, well, seems interested in me, or is a very friendly person, because she seeks me out in crowds like the dining hall. The other day she hugged me on the main square, as a greeting, when she saw me. That startled me so much my thoughts keep getting back to it. I was pretty uncomfortable with people around and suddenly forced to decide whether I'm interested or not, because till now, we've only been casually friendly, and here is an invitation to hug her back. Do I take it? A coward like me — of course not. And she does seem to be rather squishy…
A week later: There is an observation I can't remember, I think made by Emperor Hirohito, about the distance between plans and execution. Well, maybe today.
Two weeks after that: I've seen it the previous weekend (half empty theater, mostly kids). I think it's the first movie I've seen where there's more detail in the movie than in the book. The movie is faithful to the source, though expectedly over dramatized, too pretty, and tries to look like LoTR.
The beaver family, as comic relief for the adults, was a bit much. Nobody laughed.
Why does the older girl (Susan) have to be pretty? Isn't the story about average kids? Like movie!Hermione, I think it's OOC.
They say LoTR is very Christian, but it never bothered me. This story does. I think it's because it's a bit more pushy with the evangelism. It's too short, too simplistic, too black-and-white, and the loss of the narrator in the movie hurts: I don't think Peter's development as a character really gets through the silver screen. I've been spoiled by more complicated plots, grayer characters, and less obvious than Sunday-school preaching of morals.
This week I've accidentally bumped into G.D. on a bus. Actually, I woke him up when I got too loud at some point in my chat with P.D. on the way back to work. You know how those quiet introverts totally geek out when they talk about their interests? Like that. :-)
I've quizzed him about his new job at BigBankCorp. They are in the process of rewriting their entire IT infrastructure on IBMMF. They've recently switched from UnisysMF, and this costly move was explained as an opportunity to replace their unmaintainable mess of spaghetti COBOL with... brand spanking new unmaintainable mess of spaghetti COBOL. Apparently they don't like Java because they don't like the OO overhead.Progress in VM and JIT compiler design over the last decade? Never heard of it.COBOL workforce are getting old, scarce and expensive? No problem!
Apparently, there's a company that signs up comp.sci. grads with no experience (or friends, apparently), gives them three months of training in MF use / applications programming, and then whores them out to banks for two years for very little pay. The people sign up because it's the only way to get MF experience, if you've missed the opportunity to slave for the government during your military service. Thus, my friend is the second most experienced coder on his team, with two whole years in the air force behind him.
So basically, not only are there new installations of IBM z-series, they actually use the legacy environment (none of that Linux stuff for us!), and develop in COBOL (despite thirty five years of progress in software engineering disciplines, Dijkstra and Wirth be damned), but they ruin perfectly good young people along the way. My heart goes out to every one of those misguided souls!This is not really sarcasm. I love computers, and I pity the people who get into the industry, in these days, to work on that, instead of on something that is, you know, less than 45 years old.
Friday, December 16, 2005
The movie opened on Thursday, December 8th. I was beat, and was only able to watch it after the Sabbath. The cinema is located near/in an area with many observant people, so they have to adhere or lose much of their clientele, but I'd really like to be able to go the movies on the weekend. First time I feel that way, as far as I can remember.
The cinema was packed full of kids. I forgot how skewed my thinking of the fandom demographics is. Also, junior-high aged girls wear too much makeup and look disturbingly attractive.
The decorations were good, most of the characters were the way I pictured them. Dombledore was OOC, and Flitwick was made into a sort of mascot or something. The kids' acting wasn't top notch. I enjoyed it through and through, but that is because my expectations were intentionally set very low. It was too dang short and I've missed all the detail from the book. I've read and heard people say the movie was too long and they needed more restroom breaks. Well, don't drink so much overpriced sugar-water!
Voldemort and Moody were good. I need to see it again to say anything more.
Tuesday, December 13, 2005
My technophobic mother asked me today how come her work email has two different addresses that both get delivered to the same inbox. She wanted the real answer, not the usual "just some computer stuff, trust me it works" crap. So I've explained about IP and DNS, and explained i-nodes and hardlinking for comparison (including the benefits for caching scenarios). Without using a single technical term, I was able to make it all make sense. Mom rocks.
Sunday, December 11, 2005
Three years ago I was conscripted into service, for a period of three years. Today I was supposed to be discharged. But of course, since I became a code monkey, I have signed a contract obligating me to work for the government for a period of up to two and a half years more. Starting from tomorrow, I'm an NCO. Nothing at all has changed, but now I'll be getting paid (about minimum wage, I've been told).
It should have been a happy day, but it has been completely ruined by the most horrid display of bureaucracy I have seen in my life. I'll be on leave tomorrow to try and salvage what's left of this unique opportunity to celebrate. The clerks cut their day short because of their commander's absence, so I was unable to finish some paperwork, and I was threatened with a court marshal if I don't come to work tomorrow to finish it. I said that if that's the best use of my time the system can imagine, I'll oblige, when I'm back on the day after tomorrow.
I was a very patriotic young man three years ago. Very eager to serve. I was discouraged by the drafting and sorting process, but still believed in the system to volunteer for the training and extra service. Three years of service have led me to the conclusion that the public sector sucks, and every non-combat position in the armed forces should be cut back and privatized. Men and women in service should be paid volunteers, who can be replaced.
Saturday, December 10, 2005
The fic's not too shabby either, and it even has a quote to attribute the name to Peter Pan's creator. Wasn't the author once a member of a certain thankfully long dead HP community many of my readers are familiar with? I think that penname rings a bell.
Friday, December 02, 2005
This week, this happened. It wasn't that bad. Three hours on buses for a one minute interview and a signature on a piece of paper. But I've seen girls from Shevah-Mofet* on the bus trip back, which mitigates the enormous waste of time, at least a little bit. I figure in a few years, such a statement would label me a pedophile, but I like to watch highschoolers and see if there's any hope of some of them becoming decent adults. By the time I meet them on guard duty, it appears it's usually too late for them to change.
At work, I'm simultaneously being treated like a misbehaving child (I don't like military discipline for the sake of military discipline, and my new project lead takes offence) and pushed into a position of responsibility without too much support. This whole "we can't treat you any differently than any other soldier, but we can demand ten times the output because we've seen you perform" is making me crazy. I've donated three years of my life, now I'm expected to take on more work for the privilege of minimum wage, while the people I'm supposed to train and delegate work to (with no authority whatsoever) are basically laughing at me for being a pushover.
In other new, I've finished "Paladin of Souls". Bujold is very good, but I just don't like romance novels. 4/5
* - supposedly a good high school in Tel Aviv, formed by immigrant Soviet prep school teachers, frustrated of Israeli public education and unable to penetrate the elite to get access to private schools. In Russia, Jews were pressured to excel because of surrounding anti-Semitism, and the state-enforced ethnic quotas on admittance to good higher education. In Israel, where there is no pressure, the liberal/populist "let the kids be" crap has won and education is as bad as in the US. |
Q:
Selenium - Error: element not interactable
Need: Update fields on url & click button using Selenium (Screenshot of Webpage & HTML details below)
Issue: Returns an error as shown below
Error:
Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.ElementNotInteractableException:
element not interactable
(Session info: chrome=78.0.3904.70)
Research: I referred to the following but was unable to fix it - Link1 Link2
Code: Based on the suggestions in other links have added Wait & also sleep, but still not working.
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get(url);
WebElement email = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//label[contains(text(),'User ID')]"));
WebElement password = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//label[contains(text(),'Password')]"));
new WebDriverWait(driver,20);
try {
Thread.sleep(10000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
email.sendKeys("myemail@gmail.com");
HTML & WebPage View:
Link
Hope the issue faced is clear, await guidance.
A:
Please try any of following xpath
//label[contains(text(),'User ID')]/following-sibling::input
//input[@placeholder='User ID']
your xpath is targeting label. You need to locate <input>
|
Q:
SOAP message encryption in silverlight
how to encrypt soap message in silverlight.. i am currently looking for ideas... as silverlight doesn't support WCF Message Security..
i have gone through a post by Peter Bromberg but it is also not discussing the idea about when how to exchange public/private keys or sort of...
A:
The approach discussed in the post doesn't appear to do any asymmetric key exchange (as TLS does). Instead it relies on a symmetric key that is generated based on some assembly metadata. See the last paragraph of the article:
In closing, let me just address a couple of concerns: First, nowhere here do I say that this is "better" than SSL. I provide it only as an alternative. Second, the fact that the password or other component of the generated cryptographic key may be shown in plaintext in the code is not useful to a hacker, as both the password and the hash (both of which can be generated only at runtime) are required for a valid key. The download reflects the change to using the FullName property of the assembly to generate the salt value, and the ManifestModule.Name.GetHashCode() for the password, as discussed earlier.
It's not a very strong key generation mechanism as an attacker could simply download the same Silverlight application fire up a debugger and get the key. However it will protect any man-in-the-middle attacks where the attacker only has access to your HTTP traffic.
Personally I'd stick with SSL, with a self signed certificate if the goal is to have a free solution.
|
/* Copyright (C) 2002 Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst, Computer Science Dept.
This file is part of "MALLET" (MAchine Learning for LanguagE Toolkit).
http://www.cs.umass.edu/~mccallum/mallet
This software is provided under the terms of the Common Public License,
version 1.0, as published by http://www.opensource.org. For further
information, see the file `LICENSE' included with this distribution. */
/**
@author Andrew McCallum <a href="mailto:mccallum@cs.umass.edu">mccallum@cs.umass.edu</a>
*/
package cc.mallet.fst;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.Var;
import cc.mallet.types.Instance;
import cc.mallet.types.InstanceList;
import cc.mallet.types.Sequence;
import cc.mallet.util.MalletLogger;
/**
* Evaluates a transducer model based on predictions of individual tokens.
*/
public class TokenAccuracyEvaluator extends TransducerEvaluator
{
private static Logger logger = MalletLogger.getLogger(TokenAccuracyEvaluator.class.getName());
private HashMap<String,Double> accuracy = new HashMap<String,Double>();
public TokenAccuracyEvaluator (InstanceList[] instanceLists, String[] descriptions) {
super (instanceLists, descriptions);
}
public TokenAccuracyEvaluator (InstanceList instanceList1, String description1) {
this (new InstanceList[] {instanceList1}, new String[] {description1});
}
public TokenAccuracyEvaluator (InstanceList instanceList1, String description1,
InstanceList instanceList2, String description2) {
this (new InstanceList[] {instanceList1, instanceList2}, new String[] {description1, description2});
}
public TokenAccuracyEvaluator (InstanceList instanceList1, String description1,
InstanceList instanceList2, String description2,
InstanceList instanceList3, String description3) {
this (new InstanceList[] {instanceList1, instanceList2, instanceList3}, new String[] {description1, description2, description3});
}
public void evaluateInstanceList (TransducerTrainer trainer, InstanceList instances, String description)
{
@Var
int numCorrectTokens;
@Var
int totalTokens;
Transducer transducer = trainer.getTransducer();
totalTokens = numCorrectTokens = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < instances.size(); i++) {
Instance instance = instances.get(i);
Sequence input = (Sequence) instance.getData();
Sequence trueOutput = (Sequence) instance.getTarget();
assert (input.size() == trueOutput.size());
//System.err.println ("TokenAccuracyEvaluator "+i+" length="+input.size());
Sequence predOutput = transducer.transduce (input);
assert (predOutput.size() == trueOutput.size());
for (int j = 0; j < trueOutput.size(); j++) {
totalTokens++;
if (trueOutput.get(j).equals(predOutput.get(j)))
numCorrectTokens++;
}
//System.err.println ("TokenAccuracyEvaluator "+i+" numCorrectTokens="+numCorrectTokens+" totalTokens="+totalTokens+" accuracy="+((double)numCorrectTokens)/totalTokens);
}
double acc = ((double)numCorrectTokens)/totalTokens;
//System.err.println ("TokenAccuracyEvaluator accuracy="+acc);
accuracy.put(description, acc);
logger.info (description +" accuracy="+acc);
}
/**
* Returns the accuracy from the last time test() or evaluate() was called
* @return
*/
public double getAccuracy (String description)
{
Double ret = accuracy.get(description);
if (ret != null)
return ret.doubleValue();
throw new IllegalArgumentException ("No accuracy available for instance list \""+description+"\"");
}
}
|
This directory contains contributed x-kit code that might be
generally useful. Over time, some of these modules may be
integrated with the rest of the distribution.
trace-menu.api - this implements a check box menu interface to the trace
trace-menu-g.pkg modules provided in TraceTHREADKIT. It requires the buffered
channels provided in the threadkit library.
|
Ogle County Sheriff's Department activity
Ricky Williams, 26, Rockford, was arrested at the Winnebago County on a failure to appear warrant. His bond was set at $1,755 pending a Feb. 13 court appearance.
Colin D. Hill, 28, Rockford, was arrested at the Winnebago County Jail on a failure to appear warrant. His bond was set at $1,042 pendng a Feb. 13 court appearance.
Feb. 12
Armani C. Flood, 24, Lincoln, Nebraska, was arrested on I-39, mile marker 101, for speeding and driving while license revoked. Flood was transported to the Ogle County Jail where he was held in lieu of bond.
At 9:28 a.m., deputies stopped a silver Hyundai SUV in the 8,000 block N. Ill. 251 for speeding. After further investigation, the driver Felipe D. Castellanos-Ortega, 26, Rochelle, was arrested for driving with no valid license, speeding, and no insurance. Castellanos-Ortega was transported to the Ogle County Jail where he posted bond and will appear in court at a later date.
At 1:39 p.m.,deputies and the Rochelle Police Department responded to a report of violation of a stalking/no contact order at 6519 S. Woodlawn Road. Rochelle. After further investigation Thomas W. Scheele, 54, Rochelle, was arrested for criminal trespass to a residence, disorderly conduct, and unlawful possession of drug paraphernalia.
Scheele was transported to the Ogle County Jail where he was held without bond.
Feb. 13
Keith L. Downing, 19, Rockford, was arrested for driving while license suspended after being initially stopped for speeding on I-39 at mile marker 110. Downing was transported to the Ogle County Jail pending a court appearance.
At 5:44 p.m., deputies initiated a traffic stop in the 6000 block of Pines Road. Pursuant to an investigation, Jason T. Wiggins, 33, Polo, was arrested for no valid driver’s license and cited for having an expired registration.
Feb. 14
Vincent Swope, 44, Rochelle, was arrested on a warrant for motion to increase bond. Swope’s bond was set at $250,000 bond pending a court appearance.
Feb. 15
At 6:24 p.m., deputies responded to a one-vehicle crash at 7058 E. Ill. 72. An investigation by deputies revealed that an eastbound 2000 GMC SUV driven by Maureen Hannon, 59, Stillman Valley, skidded off the south side of the road and struck a tree. Hannon was transported by Stillman Valley Fire Department ambulance to Rochelle Community Hospital for treatment of minor injuries.
At approximately 12:36 a.m., deputies performed a traffic stop at the intersection of White Oak Road and Third Avenue in Forreston.
After an investigation, deputies arrested Nicholas Castillo, 22, Forreston, for the unlawful possession of drug paraphernalia and unlawful possession of cannabis - less than 2.5 grams.
Castillo was transported to the Ogle County Jail where he was held in lieu of bond. |
Is bitcoin an environmental monster? The energy consumption for production and entertainment however is enormous…
Bitcoin is getting more and more expensive. Recently, it noted with $ 7900 at a new ATH.
In the past ten days, a plus of 23 % is recorded!
The great interest in the digital currency also leads to the fact that previously overlooked aspects come into the spotlight.
For example, the cryptocurrency-focused internet platform Digiconomist calculates how much power the Bitcoin network consumes - and that's not all.
As it is mentioned, the currency is created digitally - mostly in gigantic mining farms (Proof of Work). In addition, the transactions are written to a file called the blockchain.
That's about 300,000 transactions per day. For their reward, the miner receive bitcoins.
As much electricity as Ireland
Running these computers consumes electricity, a lot of electricity. They generate bitcoin without break and that's why most of the data centers are located in China because each transaction requires around 245 kWh. That's about 3285 hours of television. That's 70.5 million kW hours a day 25.76 TWh a year. According to the average German electricity price, a Bitcoin transaction would cost more than € 70, in China it is only about € 23.
That is more than the country Nigeria consumes with 185 million inhabitants a year and about 0.12% of the global electricity consumption. And whoever argues that the power supply in Nigeria is underdeveloped: It is approximately the power consumption of Ireland.
Environmental consequences are controversial
The more transactions are made, the higher the power consumption. But it becomes difficult with the question whether Bitcoin is an environmental polluter - this depends on the current usage. There are data centers that are run with hydropower or geothermal energy.
However, since most server farms are located in China, we should assume that many data centers are running on coal. But you have to relativize the amount of electricity consumption: Even bills and coins are energy-intensive in the production. And even computer centers of the banks are not running with air and love. Everything that is managed digitally needs power.
The environmental consequences have been arguing for more than four years after author Mark Gimein published an article about it.
Insights into the high energy consumption of mining bitcoins is nothing new.
Already in mid-2015, a journalist had calculated that a single bitcoin transaction consumed as much energy as 1.7 US households a day. By the way, today there are already 8.3 households.
The Dutch scientist Sebastian Deetman had calculated scenarios for the energy consumption of bitcoins in spring 2016. The results for 2020 were between the output of a small power plant and the consumption of Denmark. Denmark currently consumes 33.3 TWh, 30% more than bitcoins.
So there is another solution to save unnecessary wasted energy…
Proof of Stake! The advantages of Proof of Stake are clear and there are several coins running on this algorithm. Key advantage is that Proof of Stake is a lot more energy efficient than Proof of Work as it can reduce the level of complex calculations and goes work involved that is inherent to it.
Proof of Stake only means people holding the currency earning it by verifying that they own. One famous Proof of Stake coin is Dash with its disadvantage of a quorum of 1000 Dash. You need to hold this amount be a Masternode before realizing any reward.
The alternative solution to Dash is Cloak which does not need more than one Cloak in order to get any staking rewards. The current team has really risen up from ashes and gave to the community a deep and clear understanding to aspect of privacy and anonymity. Cloakcoin provides earning interest of 6% per year by holding the currency.
Proof of Stake is important for the future considering the rise of mass energy consumption. It is a more reliable and ecological algorithm than the Bitcoin system. From the financial point of view, provides Proof of Stake also an advantage because no financial institution is rewarding any customer with a interest of 6% per year.
I hope with my article you will have a clear and deep understanding about the importance of Proof of Stake…
Thank you
Source: http://www.faz.net/aktuell/finanzen/digital-bezahlen/eine-bitcoin-transaktion-kostet-30-euro-strom-15282063.html |
50 AE
50 Action Express (AE, 12.7×33mm) is a very large and powerful American caliber handgun cartridge. It was developed in 1988 by American Evan Whildin of Action Arms. The .50 AE is one of the most powerful pistol cartridges in production. |
Q:
How can I represent avi video as set of matrices using Python?
I have video files written in avi format and I would like to analyze these videos using Python. For that I would like to represent every frame of the video as a 2D matrix.
How can I do that? Google search gives me PyMedia as a way to go? Is it really the best choice or there some other approaches that I should to considered?
If the PyMedia is a good choice, could anybody pleas to give me a link where I can get exe files to install the module on Windows from binaries?
By the way, is it a good idea, in general, to use Python for these purposes? I like Python very much because of its simplicity and I prefer to use it, but if it is really not suitable for analysis of video, I am ready to use something else.
ADDED
Some people claim that PyMedia is "dead". Is it true?
A:
Yeah, the latest news on the PyMedia web site is dated 01 Feb 2006. That's a pretty bad sign.
The most active and up-to-date open project for manipulating video is ffmpeg. Apparently there is a recently updated python wrapper for it: http://code.google.com/p/pyffmpeg/
In general Python is much too slow for doing any sort of pixel analysis of video. Therefore there will be practically zero libraries of any reasonable level of quality and support for helping at the pixel level of granularity. There are well supported libraries for working at an image level of granularity though. PIL seems to be a popular choice: http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/
|
In those 5 years, the Pioneers went 64-73, 65-72, an abysmal 54-86... (and that was
good compared to 1948’s) 49-91. Finally in their final season, they finished
with a winning record at 58-52. It was an awful 5 year run and you could see it
immediately from the roster. The teams from 1939-1945 usually featured between
10-20 future and former Major Leaguers. The 1945 Elmira Pioneers, featured 1...
Ned Garver who went 3-1, 2.18 on his way to an All-Star career with the St.
Louis Browns and Detroit Tigers. Two other players however would shine on that
1945 team. On the mound, Andrew Daly (12-7, 1.84) put up a stellar performance
while Donald Fitzpatrick (31 2B, 3 3B, .320) did his best to wield a solid bat.
Amazingly enough, the best hitting performance perhaps out of the Browns’ entire
history here would come from one of its worst teams… the 1947 86 loss team,
which produced Ken Wood… a future St. Louis Browns outfielder. Up until now, Bill
McWilliams had held the HR record of the Elmira Pioneers with 11 in 1939. Nobody
had even come close to breaking that mark, but in 1947, Ken Wood would double
it, slamming 22 HRs and 32 2Bs while batting .264, to easily become Dunn Field
II’s biggest "power king" ever. Keep in mind that only 2 years earlier, the
entire team had hit only 4 HRs total, so 22... that kind of amazed this crowd.
In fact, it was a stat that would (believe it or not)... stand the test of time.
In 1948, another superstar would come to Elmira but if you blinked, you would
have missed it. Roy Sievers had tore it up in Springfield, batting .309 with
14 2B and 19 HR. He was promoted at the very end of the season to Elmira where
he hit just a paltry .179 with 3 2B and 2 HR. Barely anyone noticed him in his
Pioneers uniform, but by the following season... he was a full time player in St.
Louis wearing a Browns uniform, and he put up a terrific .306 batting average
with 28 2B and 16 HR in his first year. It was a strong enough effort to win
the "Rookie of the Year Award"... the first ever to come out of Dunn Field II.
By 1957, Sievers had become the Washington Senators’ #1 slugger and he had an amazing
year slamming 42 HRs with 114 RBIs. Sievers would spend 17 years in the
Majors making the All-Star team 4 times and amassed 318 HRs in his excellent career.
In the final season of the St. Louis Browns reign in Elmira, they offered
up perhaps the best hitting team that the city had ever seen. Future Browns’ Owen
Friend (23 2B, 20 HR, .264), future Browns/Cubs’ Joe Lutz (.15 2B, 17 HR, .300)
and Edward Fowler (26 2B, 17 HR, .267) slugged their way out of the basement
and finally above .500 for the first time 5 years. Now that they finally had
a decent team on the field, they pulled out of Elmira. We don’t think the fans
missed them much. |
Q:
Which Doraemon episode is this with Shizuka and multiple mini Doraemons?
I have been looking for this episode for quite a while. I would appreciate anyone's help. Thank you.
A:
The text on the upper-left reads 「大晦日だよ！ドラえもん」(Oomisoka dayo! Doraemon, "It's New Year's Eve!! Doraemon"), which is the title of the show.
The subtitle reads「人類を救うために、ドラ・ザ・仮面登場！！」 (Jinrui wo sukuu tame ni, Dora The Kamen toujou!!, "To save mankind, Dora The Kamen appears!!).
This is from 2001's Doraemon New Year's Eve special episode, titled 「大晦日だよ！ドラえもん!!ミラクル大変身３時間スペシャル!!」 (Oomisoka dayo! Doraemon!! Miracle Daihenshin 3-jikan Special!!, "It's New Year's Eve! Doraemon!! Big Miracle Transformation 3-hour Special!!"). This special episode was broadcasted on 2001/12/31 from 18:00-20:54 JST and consists of 12 rerun episodes and 6 original bridging episodes:
ミニドラ救助隊 (Mini Dora Rescue Team) [Episode 1291]
冬眠シェルター (Hibernation Shelter) [Episode 1342]
ドラえもん の 捕物帖 (Doraemon's Detective Story)
ジャイアンのディナーショー (Gian's Dinner Show) [Episode 1054]
ドラえもん の 荒野のガンマン (Doraemon's Desert Gunman)
未来へのメッセージ (Message to the Future) [Episode 1247]
ドラえもん の 黄門様 (Doraemon's Koumon-sama)
いつでもどこでもスケッチセット (Whenever, Wherever Sketch Set) [Episode 1053]
刑事 ドラえもん (Inspector Doraemon)
ママのありがたみ (Mama's Blessing) [Episode 1077]
ジュラ紀でドラミが大ピンチ (Jurassic Age, Dorami in Big Trouble) [Episode 1489]
ボクを止めるのび太 (Nobita Who Stops Me) [Episode 1472]
ドラ・ザ・仮面 (Dora The Kamen)
カードテレビ電話 (Card TV Telephone) [Episode 1420]
特賞！のび太温泉 (Special Prize! Hot Spring Nobita) [Episode 1484]
名探偵 ドラえもん (Detective Doraemon)
雪だるまドラ太郎 (Snowman Dora-tarou)[Episode 1434]
白雪姫のリンゴ (Snow White's Apple) [Episode 1300]
Unfortunately, many Doraemon special episodes are only broadcasted on TV and don't have their home consumer version (DVD/BD), including this one.
References:
TV Drama DB (Japanese): Broadcast info
Hana Baloon (Japanese): Episodes info
|
Q:
how to write an for loop in an document.getelementById function without using document.writes
i want to change my code from document.write style in an modern document.getElementById or maybe an better option, because i want to use an multi objekt array like that
{kapitel:['Negation','second'], name: ["<span id='buch_mathematik_symb_kap_2_8'>...</span>",'second'], a_href:['symb_negation','dsa'], buch: ['Mathematik','ddd']},
and i cant figure out how to to solve this with an document.getElementById('..').innerHTML += .... form. if i write in an for loop an second for loop for that problem i get som NaN Errors which are not cool. Did someone have tips or little examples for that? thx
let inhaltsverzeichnis_symbole_mathematik = [
//{kapitel:'Negation', name:"<span id='buch_mathematik_symb_kap_2_8'>...</span>", a_href:'symb_negation', buch: 'Mathematik'},
{kapitel:['Negation','second'], name: ["<span id='buch_mathematik_symb_kap_2_8'>...</span>",'second'], a_href:['symb_negation','dsa'], buch: ['Mathematik','ddd']},
{kapitel:'Konjunktion', name:"<span id='buch_mathematik_symb_kap_2_11'>...</span>", a_href:'symb_konjunktion', buch: 'Mathematik'},
{kapitel:'Disjunktion', name:"<span id='buch_mathematik_symb_kap_2_13'>...</span>", a_href:'symb_disjunktion', buch: 'Mathematik'},
{kapitel:'Implikation/Subjunktion', name:"<span id='buch_mathematik_symb_kap_2_13_1'>...</span>", a_href:'symb_implikation', buch: 'Mathematik'},
{kapitel:'Äquivalenz', name:"<span id='buch_mathematik_symb_kap_2_13_2'>...</span>", a_href:'symb_equivalence', buch: 'Mathematik'},
{kapitel:'Nand', name:"<span id='buch_mathematik_symb_kap_2_13_5'>...</span>", a_href:'symb_nand', buch: 'Mathematik'},
{kapitel:'Xor', name:"<span id='buch_mathematik_kap_symb_2_13_5_1'>...</span>", a_href:'symb_xor', buch: 'Mathematik'},
{kapitel:'Teilbarkeit', name:"<span id='buch_mathematik_kap_symb_2_13_3'>...</span>", a_href:'symb_teilbarkeit', buch: 'Mathematik'},
]
let inhaltsverzeichnis_Beweisfuehrung_mathematik = [
{kapitel:'2.1', name:'Beweisführung Rechtwinkeliges Dreieck', a_href:'bf_kapitel_2_1', buch: 'Mathematik'},
{kapitel:'2.3', name:'Beweisführung direkter, indirekter und widersprüchlicher Beweis', a_href:'bf_kapitel_2_3', buch: 'Mathematik'},
]
let inhaltsverzeichnis_mathematik = [
{kapitel:'1', name:'Bla Bla zu beginn', a_href:'Grundbegriffe_der_Immunologie', buch: 'Mathematik'},
{kapitel:'1.1', name:'Über dieses Lehrbuch, Mathematiker und Mathematik', a_href:'zf_kapitel_1_1', buch: 'Mathematik'},
{kapitel:'2.1', name:'Eine beweisende Wissenschaft', a_href:'zf_kapitel_2_1', buch: 'Mathematik'},
{kapitel:'2.2', name:'Grundbegriffe der Aussagelogik', a_href:'zf_kapitel_2_2', buch: 'Mathematik'},
{kapitel:'2.3', name:'Definition, Satz, Beweis', a_href:'zf_kapitel_2_3', buch: 'Mathematik'},
]
document.write('<button class="buttn" onclick="myFunction(\'index\')" style="color:red;">Inhaltsverzeichnis</button><div id="index" style="display:none-;">');
document.write('<ul style="list-style: none;">');
document.write('<table><tr><td valign="top">');
<!-- Inhaltsverzeichnis buch_mathematik.js - Kapitel -->
for (NR_i = 0; NR_i < inhaltsverzeichnis_mathematik.length; NR_i++) {
document.write(
'<li>'
+ '<table>'
+ '<tr>'
+ '<td style="width:30px">'
+ inhaltsverzeichnis_mathematik[NR_i].kapitel
+ '</td><td>'
+ '<a href="#'
+ inhaltsverzeichnis_mathematik[NR_i].a_href
+ '" >'
+ inhaltsverzeichnis_mathematik[NR_i].name
+ '</a>'
+ '</td>'
+ '</tr>'
+ '</table>'
+'</li>'
);
}
document.write('</td><td valign="top">');
<!-- Inhaltsverzeichnis buch_mathematik.js - Beweise -->
for (NR_i = 0; NR_i < inhaltsverzeichnis_Beweisfuehrung_mathematik.length; NR_i++) {
document.write(
'<li>'
+ '<table>'
+ '<tr>'
+ '<td style="width:30px">'
+ inhaltsverzeichnis_Beweisfuehrung_mathematik[NR_i].kapitel
+ '</td><td>'
+ '<a href="#'
+ inhaltsverzeichnis_Beweisfuehrung_mathematik[NR_i].a_href
+ '" >'
+ inhaltsverzeichnis_Beweisfuehrung_mathematik[NR_i].name
+ '</a>'
+ '</td>'
+ '</tr>'
+ '</table>'
+ '</li>'
);
}
document.write('</td><td valign="top">');
<!-- Inhaltsverzeichnis buch_mathematik.js - Symbole -->
for (NR_i = 0; NR_i < inhaltsverzeichnis_symbole_mathematik.length; NR_i++) {
document.write(
'<li>'
+ '<table>'
+ '<tr>'
+ '<td style="width:30px">'
+ inhaltsverzeichnis_symbole_mathematik[NR_i].name
+ '</td>'
+ '<td>'
+ '<a href="#'
+ inhaltsverzeichnis_symbole_mathematik[NR_i].a_href
+ '" >'
+ inhaltsverzeichnis_symbole_mathematik[NR_i].kapitel
+ '</a>'
+ '</td>'
+ '</tr>'
+ '</table>'
+ '</li>'
);
}
document.write('</td></tr></table>');
document.write('</ul></div>');
A:
There is a little optimization with functions :
function content(param,i){
return `<li>
<table>
<tr>
<td style="width:30px">
${param[i].name}
</td>
<td>
<a href="#
${param[i].a_href}
" >
${param[i].kapitel }.
</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</li> `;
}
function createContent(obj){
for (let i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) {
document.write(content(obj,i));
}
}
document.write('<button class="buttn" onclick="myFunction(\'index\')" style="color:red;">Inhaltsverzeichnis</button><div id="index" style="display:none-;">');
document.write('<ul style="list-style: none;">');
document.write('<table><tr><td valign="top">');
<!-- Inhaltsverzeichnis buch_mathematik.js - Kapitel -->
createContent(inhaltsverzeichnis_mathematik);//call function
document.write('</td><td valign="top">');
<!-- Inhaltsverzeichnis buch_mathematik.js - Beweise -->
createContent(inhaltsverzeichnis_Beweisfuehrung_mathematik);//call function
document.write('</td><td valign="top">');
<!-- Inhaltsverzeichnis buch_mathematik.js - Symbole -->
createContent(inhaltsverzeichnis_symbole_mathematik);//call function
document.write('</td></tr></table>');
document.write('</ul></div>');
|
/*
* Copyright (c) 2017-2018 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.tencentcloudapi.apigateway.v20180808.models;
import com.tencentcloudapi.common.AbstractModel;
import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
import com.google.gson.annotations.Expose;
import java.util.HashMap;
public class CreateApiRsp extends AbstractModel{
/**
* api id
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
*/
@SerializedName("ApiId")
@Expose
private String ApiId;
/**
* path
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
*/
@SerializedName("Path")
@Expose
private String Path;
/**
* method
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
*/
@SerializedName("Method")
@Expose
private String Method;
/**
* 创建时间
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
*/
@SerializedName("CreatedTime")
@Expose
private String CreatedTime;
/**
* Get api id
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
* @return ApiId api id
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
*/
public String getApiId() {
return this.ApiId;
}
/**
* Set api id
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
* @param ApiId api id
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
*/
public void setApiId(String ApiId) {
this.ApiId = ApiId;
}
/**
* Get path
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
* @return Path path
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
*/
public String getPath() {
return this.Path;
}
/**
* Set path
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
* @param Path path
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
*/
public void setPath(String Path) {
this.Path = Path;
}
/**
* Get method
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
* @return Method method
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
*/
public String getMethod() {
return this.Method;
}
/**
* Set method
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
* @param Method method
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
*/
public void setMethod(String Method) {
this.Method = Method;
}
/**
* Get 创建时间
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
* @return CreatedTime 创建时间
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
*/
public String getCreatedTime() {
return this.CreatedTime;
}
/**
* Set 创建时间
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
* @param CreatedTime 创建时间
注意：此字段可能返回 null，表示取不到有效值。
*/
public void setCreatedTime(String CreatedTime) {
this.CreatedTime = CreatedTime;
}
/**
* Internal implementation, normal users should not use it.
*/
public void toMap(HashMap<String, String> map, String prefix) {
this.setParamSimple(map, prefix + "ApiId", this.ApiId);
this.setParamSimple(map, prefix + "Path", this.Path);
this.setParamSimple(map, prefix + "Method", this.Method);
this.setParamSimple(map, prefix + "CreatedTime", this.CreatedTime);
}
}
|
Hemodynamic analysis of the ischemic complications of arteriovenous fistulas.
The steal syndrome and its concomitant ischemic complications have long been known to occur in some patients following the construction of various types of access fistulas. A hemodynamic analysis of the flow at a bifurcation provides the basis for understanding the conditions which leads to steal. The analysis also suggests a method for assessing the potential for steal and supports the concept of banding of a fistula as a control measure. |
Departamento Centrico
Departamento Centrico in Rosario is an apartment building.
Set a 5-minute walk from Flag Monument and 700 metres Modernist Route in Rosario, Departamento Centrico offers accommodation with a kitchen. This property offers access to a balcony.
The property includes a living room with a flat-screen TV.
Popular points of interest near the apartment include 25 de Mayo Square, Former Customs and Palace of Lions Municipal Building. The nearest airport is Rosario – Islas Malvinas International Airport, 14 km from Departamento Centrico.... |
The NEBB is chunky, rectangular, raw, aggressive and in your face — just like a real New Yorker. (Except for the chunky and rectangular part.)FACE TYPE: Pear, Oval, Round, HeartBOLDNESS SCALE: 4SUNGLASSES: YesFRAME MATERIAL: AcetateFEATURES: Made from acetate with two dot rivets on front and temples, a saddle bridge, and a five barrel hinge.
Email: NEBB
BUILD YOUR PERFECT
PAIR OF GLASSES.
Is your prescription for:
MOSCOT only uses the latest technology in our prescription lenses.
Confirm your lens option.
Click here for more info about lens options.
RX RIGHT (OD)
RX LEFT (OS)
PUPILLARY DISTANCE (PD)
If your prescription is outside the ranges listed above, please call us at 1-866-MOSCOTS to speak with one of our Customer Service Ambassadors.
Not that we don't trust you, but we need you to read and agree to the following: |
Heathrow “consultation” largely an exercise in spin – but scary for those whose homes might be demolished
Date added: January 24, 2018
Heathrow put out a consultation on its runway hopes, on 17th January. It is very premature, as it is still months before the government even has a vote on whether to approve a 3rd runway. However, Heathrow is running this “consultation” exercise, partly as a way to give the impression that the runway is a “done deal” and all that remains is to sort out details. In reality, there is little of substance in the consultation, that is in part just a PR exercise. However, it has got people worried and anxious. One reason is the scale of the number of properties to be demolished for the grandiose plans, for the A4, M25, terminal buildings, as well as the runway itself. One of the proposals (remember, nothing is agreed, and this is just the airport trying to persuade people the runway is inevitable – it is NOT) is that 13 homes in Elbow Meadow, Colnbrook, may have to be removed as part of the realignment of the M25 150 metres to the west of the airport. In addition, two of three options to expand terminal infrastructure would see further land grabs needed around Colnbrook with Poyle and Richings Park. And so on. Changes to the plans mean the airport scheme is not the one the Airports Commission gave its blessing to. A key factor is the location of flight paths, but there is absolutely NO information about those. The consultation is therefore largely a sham, without vital details that would be necessary in a meaningful consultation.
.Tweet
Homes face compulsory purchase as Heathrow consultation begins
19.1.2018
By Greg Taylor, Trainee Reporter (Windsor Observer)
.
PROPOSALS to expand Heathrow Airport have been revealed in more detail this week, with major changes outlined for the A4, M25, terminal buildings, as well as the development of the third runway itself, likely to lead to properties nearby being bulldozed.
It has emerged that 13 homes in Elbow Meadow, Colnbrook, may have to be removed as part of the realignment of the M25 150 metres to the west of the airport. This comes as Heathrow looks to lower the motorway by seven metres and build a tunnel so the new third runway passes over the M25.
Meanwhile, two of three options to expand terminal infrastructure would see further land grabs needed around Colnbrook with Poyle and Richings Park. This is if the airport opts to expand Terminal 5 to the west, or create a new satellite terminal to the north, which would create more capacity for aircraft and car parking.
Additionally, Heathrow has confirmed the three options for the third runway itself, between Colnbrook in the west and Sipson in the east, which would see the runway stretch between 3,200 and 3,500 metres. The latter option is certain to prove controversial, with more aircraft noise and closer proximity to Colnbrook a main consequence.
All proposals are part of a new, 10-week public consultation, as Heathrow seeks the views of residents on the physical changes needed to expand the airport. Heathrow has said that none of the proposals are concrete currently and residents’ views can help shape the expansion. It is still awaiting sign-off from the Government, with a House of Commons vote likely to happen in the first half of this year.
A statement from the Colnbrook Residents Association said on Tuesday: “This will necessitate the compulsory purchase of 13 properties in Elbow Meadow Colnbrook. Residents have been informed by letter.”
A Heathrow spokesperson said: “We recognise that any infrastructure project of this scale will cause disruption and for that, we are sorry.
“Residents have been informed of proposed changes that affect them and options that are available to them. We have developed our proposals with input from local communities, and we are going further than statutory schemes or Government guidance by committing to a £2.6 billion compensation package.
“This includes a £700 million noise insulation scheme and offering eligible homeowners within the compulsory purchase area the unaffected market value of their property, plus an additional 25 per cent home loss payment, stamp duty, legal fees and moving costs.”
Meanwhile, a large section of the A4 Colnbrook bypass would be axed as the highway is rerouted between Colnbrook and Sipson. Two of the options take the road from the south to the north east of the new runway, with one connecting to the M4 Spur with a new junction and slip roads. However the third proposal seeks to keep the A4 south of the new runway, passing through an airfield in a cutting or tunnel. Heathrow said this “has good connectivity” but would be “more complex and costly to deliver”.
A rebuilding of the A3044 road, affecting Colnbrook with Poyle and Brands Hill, is also proposed with four different options.
Areas of Colnbrook with Poyle and South Bucks appear to be included in the airport’s “indicative” compulsory purchase zone – and the lesser “wider property offer zone”, where homes could still be affected and required for the expansion project.
As part of the consultation, the public’s views are also being sought on the rules that could apply when Heathrow redesigns the airspace – as part of the development. However no flight paths have yet been drawn up.
If the Commons vote goes through, Heathrow will submit a planning application after further consulting communities on detailed proposals. It hopes to begin construction in early 2021, with the runway completed by the end of 2025.
Rob Barnstone, coordinator of the No 3rd Runway Coalition representing MPs, local authorities and campaign groups opposed to expansion, believes the consultation is premature and said Heathrow should “calm down and await Parliament’s verdict”.
He said: “The consultation has major gaps in information including the lack of any information on new flight paths and robust plans to address issues arising from expansion including air quality and roads and rail around the airport.
“There is also no evidence that Heathrow can deliver on promises made to local communities. All of its promises are, as usual, ‘indicative’.”
There are consultation events in Burnham, Colnbrook, Maidenhead, Windsor and Slough amongst others. For more information visit www.heathrowconsultation.com |
The impact of metrifonate therapy on caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease: results from the MALT clinical trial. Metrifonate in Alzheimer's Disease Trial.
To assess the impact on burden reported by caregivers of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) who were treated with metrifonate during a randomized double blind clinical trial. Randomized clinical trial, with a 2-week screening period and a 26-week double blind, placebo controlled, treatment phase. Caregivers were assessed at baseline, at 12 weeks, and at end of trial. Caregivers were interviewed at clinics as part of the assessment of the patients. Six hundred and three caregivers of AD patients who were enrolled in the MALT trial; 591 (98%) provided data suitable for analysis at baseline, and 546 (91%) provided data allowing for inclusion in the analysis of change scores. The Caregiver Burden Assessment consisted of the Screen for Caregiver Burden, including both subjective (SCB-subj) and objective (SCB-obj) scores; the cognitive subscale of Poulshock and Deimling (PD); an abridged version of the Relatives Stress Scale (aRSS); assessments of time spent in providing care, including the Caregiver Activity Time Scale (CATS); and demographic and background variables on both the patient and caregiver. Treatment of mild to moderate AD patients with metrifonate for a duration of 26 weeks significantly reduced the psychological burden of care to the caregivers, as measured by the SCB-subj, the PD, and the aRSS. There were no statistically significant differences on the measures assessing the time spent in caregiving, except for the caregiver's subjective impression of the change in time spent providing care during the trial. When comparing individual dose groups, most of the measures of burden showed the largest benefits in burden for the 60/80 mg group, followed by the 40/50 mg group, and then the placebo group. However, there was no statistically significant dose effect. This study provides the first evidence from a randomized clinical trial of any acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of AD demonstrating a positive impact on the patient's caregiver as well as benefits to the patient. These results were shown consistently across several measurement scales and were observed after six months of treatment. These findings reinforce the clinical significance of research that has shown that metrifonate has beneficial impacts on the cognitive, behavioral, and functional abilities of AD patients. Because caregiver burden is a leading factor in the decision for institutional care placement, the ability to favorably impact that burden through pharmacological treatment of the patient is important. |
// Copyright (C) 2015-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
// any later version.
// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
// with this library; see the file COPYING3. If not see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
// { dg-do run { target c++11 } }
// { dg-require-atomic-builtins "" }
#include <atomic>
#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
int
main()
{
std::atomic<int> i;
atomic_init(&i, 5);
VERIFY( i == 5 );
}
|
Q:
Incorrect localization when using default language which is different from OS language
I've got a problem with localization - it retrieves incorrect value sometimes. Here is my case:
In every assembly I have NeutralResourcesLanguage set to en-US.
List of available resources is: default (english) fr, de.
So I have English OS and I chose any language - everything is fine (UICulture is set to en, fr or de and Culture is en-US, de-DE or fr-FR respectively).
But when I have German OS and chose English language (UICulture is en and Culture is en-US) -some strings are in German.
Also if I leave Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture == "de" and Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = "en-US" then some text will be in english..
Any explanation and solution to this?
A:
I found the problem - I was using DependencyProperty with default value like PropertyMetadata(Resources.Text). And since DP is static it was initializing with system language BEFORE actual localization setting were applied in ApplicationStartup handler.
|
Spatiotemporal profile of synaptic activation produced by the electrical and visual stimulation of retinal inputs to the optic tectum: a current source density analysis in the pigeon (Columba livia).
The optic tectum of the pigeon is a highly organized, multilayered structure that receives a massive polystratified afference of at least five different populations of retinal ganglion cells and gives rise to various anatomically segregated efferent systems. The synaptic organization of retino-tectal circuitry is, at present, mostly unknown. To investigate the spatiotemporal profile of synaptic activation produced by differential (electrical and visual) stimulation of the retinal inputs, we performed a high-spatial-resolution current source density analysis in the optic tectum of the anaesthetized pigeon. Electrical stimuli consisted of brief pulses of different durations applied to the optic nerve head, while visual stimuli consisted of light flashes of different intensities. Electrical stimulation generated sinks confined to retinorecipient layers. The temporal structure, spatial location and thresholds of these sinks indicated that they are all due to primary tectal synapses of retinal fibers with different conduction velocities. Sinks evoked by the fastest retinal axons were more superficially located than sinks produced by slower retinal fibers. Visual stimulation, on the other hand, resulted in a more complex pattern of current sinks, with various sinks located in the retinorecipient layers and also well below. Visual stimulation induced action potentials at superficial as well as deep tectal levels. We conclude that electrical stimulation activates most of the populations of ganglion cells as well as their primary tectal synapses, but is unable to elicit a significant activation of secondary tectal synapses. Visual stimulation, on the contrary, activates just some of the incoming retinal populations, but in a way that produces noticeable secondary activation of intratectal circuits. Laminar segregation of retinally evoked tectal activity, as reported here, has also been found in other vertebrates. Similarities and differences with previous studies are discussed. |
Q:
SignalR without OWIN
I'm participating in the ASP MVC project.
I want to use SignalR in the project but I don't want to use OWIN lib.
As I understand, SignalR is registered in the application using this piece of code:
public class Startup
{
public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
{
app.MapSignalR();
}
}
How can I modify this to remove the dependency to OWIN?
I would like to use approach similar to RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
A:
First be sure to Get-Package within the Package Manager Console and remove all previous installments Uninstall-Package [Id] -RemoveDependencies as this should give you a clean slate.
What worked for me without assembly nor dependency issues was using NuGet to install Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR Version 1.1.4 into your App and DataAccess. Then add the following to your Global.asax file:
// Add this Library for MapHubs extension
using System.Web.Routing;
protected void Application_Start()
{
// This registers the default hubs route: ~signalr
// Simply add the line below WITHIN this function
RouteTable.Routes.MapHubs();
}
[Did this using Visual Studios 2015 Enterprise on 10/29/2015]
|
class EpisodeNotification::Create
method_object %i[anime_id! episode! kind!]
def call
EpisodeNotification
.find_or_initialize_by(anime_id: @anime_id, episode: @episode)
.update("is_#{@kind}" => true)
end
end
|
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Copyright (c) 2018 VMware, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
package knaming
import (
"testing"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
"github.com/vmware/dispatch/pkg/api/v1"
)
const (
testOrg = "vmware"
testProject = "dispatch"
fn1 = "f1"
secret1 = "secret1"
secret2 = "secret2"
)
var secrets = v1.SecretValue{
"foo": "bar",
"baz": "qux",
}
func f1() *v1.Function {
return &v1.Function{
Meta: v1.Meta{
Org: testOrg,
Project: testProject,
Name: fn1,
},
FunctionImageURL: "dispatchframework/test-fn1",
Secrets: []string{secret1, secret2},
}
}
func s1() *v1.Secret {
return &v1.Secret{
Meta: v1.Meta{
Org: testOrg,
Project: testProject,
Name: secret1,
},
Secrets: secrets,
}
}
func TestToObjectMeta_Function(t *testing.T) {
f1 := *f1()
f1om := ToObjectMeta(f1.Meta, f1)
var f1Parsed v1.Function
FromJSONString(f1om.Annotations[InitialObjectAnnotation], &f1Parsed)
assert.Equal(t, f1, f1Parsed)
}
func TestToObjectMeta_Secret(t *testing.T) {
s1 := *s1()
assert.Equal(t, secrets, s1.Secrets)
s1om := ToObjectMeta(s1.Meta, s1)
var s1Parsed v1.Secret
FromJSONString(s1om.Annotations[InitialObjectAnnotation], &s1Parsed)
assert.Nil(t, s1Parsed.Secrets)
s1.Secrets = nil
assert.Equal(t, s1, s1Parsed)
}
|
The relative effect of cue interaction.
It is well established that two predictor cues (A and B) of a common outcome interact in that the judgement of the relationship between each cue and the outcome is influenced by the pairing history of the other cue with that outcome. For example, when the contingency of A with an outcome is weaker than the contingency of B with that outcome, the rating of the predictiveness of A is reduced relative to a situation where only A is paired with the outcome. One explanation of such cue interaction effects is provided by the conditional deltaP account. Spellman (1996b) derived a counterintuitive prediction of the conditional deltaP account where cue interaction should not occur under certain conditions even though a relatively poor predictor of an outcome is paired with a relatively good predictor of that outcome. However, Spellman (1996b) did not provide data to evaluate this prediction. In the present paper, we report the relevant data and show that they are consistent with the conditional deltaP account. A competing account of cue interaction is provided by the Rescorla-Wagner (RW) model. We derive the predictions of the RW model for the conditions specified by Spellman (1996b), and show that at asymptote the predictions of the RW model are identical to those of the conditional deltaP account. |
I currently use Windows 7, and have done continuously since the release candidate, and generally find it to be excellent. Nonetheless, I'm trying to make a concerted effort to switch to Linux; mostly to support FOSS, but also for a few practical considerations.
Having played around with a number of distributions in VirtualBox, I've come down to a shortlist of three: Kubuntu, Linux Mint and Fedora. I very much like KDE, mainly due to its reasonably traditional but still innovative shell and its excellent handling of window snapping (it's just what Aero Snap should have been!), so even if I go for Linux Mint or Fedora I would use the KDE versions.
I'm reasonably comfortable with Linux, having used Fedora in the labs at university, and used Ubuntu/Xubuntu in a VM whenever I needed access to Linux at home.
My question is, why should I go with Linux Mint over Kubuntu or Fedora? Most of the comparisons I find on the internet are essentially KDE vs Cinnamon vs GNOME vs Unity etc. rather than the actual OS, and as I'd go with KDE whichever OS, those comparisons don't really apply.
I have been using Linux Mint 13 KDE for past 4 months or so and am loving it. (Upgraded KDE to 4.10.1 and desktop experience is elegant).A good question indeed. One thing I can think of is the software manager, packaging, support, user forums, etc. I had a look at Nadia KDE and could not ascertain much (lists few system and artworks improvements)the exact value add by Mint team on KDE desktop. Keen to know on this from other forum members.
anandrkris wrote:I have been using Linux Mint 13 KDE for past 4 months or so and am loving it. (Upgraded KDE to 4.10.1 and desktop experience is elegant).A good question indeed. One thing I can think of is the software manager, packaging, support, user forums, etc. I had a look at Nadia KDE and could not ascertain much (lists few system and artworks improvements)the exact value add by Mint team on KDE desktop. Keen to know on this from other forum members.
I'd be interested to know as well.
I'm loving Mint 14 KDE so far, but it would be interesting to know the differences between it and kubuntu. So far the only difference my searching has mentioned is the icons.
madanra wrote:My question is, why should I go with Linux Mint over Kubuntu or Fedora?
Good question. All three are good. Depends on what you like in a distro. I've used all three, but the only one I'm running of those three right now is Fedora. Some other very nice KDE distros or spins include Sabayon, Chakra, and Mepis. I've also got openSUSE's KDE spin running here, and it's excellent. Some people just prefer to run Debian with KDE. PCLinuxOS, another very good one.
I've pretty much used or tried everything under the sun in terms of Linux distros, and I have to say that in terms of overall usability and out-of-the-box functionality, you can't go wrong with Mint. I would also say that in terms of software and package management, you simply cannot beat Debian-based Linux distros. This issue in and of itself is one reason I cannot embrace either Fedora or openSUSE. Their package management is chunky/clunky in comparison. The only thing that comes close to me is pacman in Arch. Having said that, I like the clean, no BS non-package management of Slackware even more. |
Canadian regulators question the report, and TransCanada defends safety record, as a key U.S. senator endorses approval for the controversial pipeline
By Elizabeth McGowan, InsideClimate News
Feb 18, 2011
Image: David Dodge, The Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society, Oilsandswatch.org
WASHINGTON—Environmental organizations are recommending that the U.S. State Department put a controversial and potentially dangerous Alberta-to-Texas oil pipeline on hold until safety issues are fully understood and addressed via government oversight.
Pipelines transporting oil sands crude raise the risk of spills and damage to waterways, aquifers, ecosystems and communities because they are carrying a highly corrosive and acidic blend of diluted bitumen and volatile natural gas liquid condensate, according to the report released this week.
And the researchers are standing by their conclusions about the dangers of pumping Canadian heavy crude across this country's mid-section, despite their research being challenged by an Alberta regulatory authority as being flawed and misleading.
"As Canada delivers a greater and greater percentage of our oil, their corrosive products will take a greater and greater toll on our pipelines," report co-author Susan Casey-Lefkowitz, director of NRDC's international program, told reporters in a Wednesday teleconference. "As we saw in the Kalamazoo River last summer, there is real danger if we continue to ignore this problem. We need new safety standards in the United States that ensure our protection from raw tar sands oil in our pipelines."
At issue is Keystone XL, a 1702-mile, $7 billion pipeline that Calgary-based TransCanada[6] wants to construct from tar sands mines in its home province of Alberta to oil refineries on the Gulf of Mexico. The State Department is in the midst of updating a draft environmental impact statement for the project.
Due to the international nature of Keystone XL, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's team is tasked with granting a thumbs up or down to TransCanada's request for a presidential permit to build and operate infrastructure being designed to pump up to 900,000 barrels of heavy crude daily.
A decision on the multi-billion dollar proposal is expected in the second half of this year. The Canadian National Energy Board[7] approved its portion of the project in March 2010.
"Tar sands extraction in Canada destroys boreal forests and wetlands, causes high levels of greenhouse gas pollution, and leaves behind immense lakes of toxic waste," the report states. "Less well understood, however, is the increased risk and potential harm that can be caused by transporting the raw form of tar sands oil [bitumen] through pipelines to refineries."
TransCanada Defends Safety Record
A spokesman for TransCanada, which already operates two other oil pipelines in this nation's heartland, says safety is paramount and that Keystone XL will be monitored 24/7.
"We are building the newest pipeline in North America," TransCanada's Terry Cunha told SolveClimate News, adding that satellite technology sends data every five seconds from 16,000 data collection points to a monitoring center. "We have a world-class control center that has both global and local leak detection systems that allows us to promptly detect a leak of any size. Pumps and motors at any station can be remotely started and stopped."
Cunha pointed out that thousands of miles of pipeline crisscross North America and that they are the safest and most efficient way to move energy products.
More Imports, Higher Risk
The 16-page report describes diluted bitumen as a raw and thick form of tar sands oil that is significantly more acidic and corrosive than standard oil and requires increased heat and pressure to move through pipelines. Those attributes make it more difficult to clean up after a spill.
Plus, that different chemical composition — five to 10 times as much sulfur as conventional crude and more chloride salts — can weaken pipelines and make them susceptible to breaking during pressure spikes. As well, researchers found that refiners are discovering more quartz sand and other solid material in diluted bitumen that essentially sandblasts pipe interiors.
An analysis in the report points out that Alberta's pipeline system — which is newer and carries more oil sands — has experienced 16 times more safety incidences due to internal corrosion than the U.S. pipeline system.
Between 2000 and 2010, Casey-Lefkowitz said, U.S. imports of diluted bitumen have grown five-fold from 100,000 to 500,000 barrels per day. That number could balloon to 1.5 million barrels per day by 2019.
Keystone XL, Lakeland Under Report Microscope
The report analyzes potential elevated safety risks of two pipeline systems — TransCanada's existing Keystone pipeline and the proposed Keystone XL, as well as the Lakehead system operated by Canadian-based Enbridge Energy Partners[8].
Diluted bitumen is the primary product transported on Keystone, which runs from Alberta to Illinois and Oklahoma. Both conventional oil and tar sands oil are shipped via the Lakehead system that goes from the Canadian border to Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana and Michigan.
If built, Keystone XL's six-state U.S. portion would stretch 1,375 miles through Montana, South Dakota, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma and Texas. Leaks of diluted bitumen on that pipeline would threaten the Ogallala Aquifer, a massive underground water source in the Midwest and Great Plains that supports agriculture and provides drinking water for millions.
Michigan's Kalamazoo River is still fouled by the aftermath of a rupture along an Enbridge pipeline between Indiana and Ontario that dumped more than 800,000 gallons of oil last July. Submerged oil means an Environmental Protection Agency-enforced ban on wading, swimming and fishing along a 30-mile stretch of the river remains in place.
The report highlights how pipeline spills in the Upper Midwest threaten the Great Lakes, which account for one-fifth of the world's freshwater. It also describes the risks that pipe ruptures in the central U.S. pose to other iconic waterways and already-compromised landscapes that provide crucial habitat for birds, fish and other creatures.
Rivers on the list include the Missouri, Yellowstone, Mississippi, Platte, Red and Neches. Ecosystems on the list include the sand dunes of Indiana, sandills of Nebraska, prairies of Kansas, prairie potholes and shortgrass prairies of South Dakota, and migration routes of pronghorn antelope in Montana.
Canadians Dispute Wrong Version
A Canadian regulatory agency issued a lengthy news release[9] Wednesday claiming NRDC's analysis of pipeline data were flawed and resulted in misleading and incorrect conclusions.
However, NRDC countered the statement, saying that Alberta's Energy Resources Conservation Board[10] based its argument on an earlier and incomplete version of the report from December.
"We stand by the information provided in the report — which is well documented and reviewed," Casey-Lefkowitz and Anthony Swift, both of NRDC, wrote in a rebuttal[11] spelling out at length how they reached specific conclusions in the report.
For instance, "in comparing the Alberta and U.S. hazardous liquid system spill rates and incidence of internal corrosion, the report made every effort to make an 'apples to apples' comparison," they wrote.
"The report only considered spills greater than 26.3 gallons, which are large enough to be tracked by regulators in both the United States and Alberta. While other differences between these lines may contribute to the significant disparity of the Alberta system having 16 times the rate of spills due to internal corrosion as the U.S. system, this high rate certainly is a warning sign of diluted bitumen's potential risks to pipeline safety."
In a second news release[12] issued Wednesday, ERCB acknowledged that its initial statement was based on an earlier version of the report.
However, the release continued, "the NRDC's response to the ERCB news release this afternoon did nothing to correct the flaws in their report." ERCB maintains that Alberta pipelines transporting diluted bitumen have not had a higher failure rate than similar U.S. pipelines and that diluted bitumen is not more corrosive than conventional crude oil.
"The NRDC mention in their response that they would like to 'continue a dialogue' with the ERCB," the release concludes. "The ERCB would be pleased to engage in a dialogue to assist the NRDC in understanding the facts on Alberta's oil sands."
Safety Legislation in the Hopper
Casey-Lefkowitz told SolveClimate News that Senate legislation geared at enhancing pipeline safety is an "excellent first step" toward the type of government oversight that should be mandatory.
About 2.5 million miles of pipelines that transport oil, natural gas, and hazardous liquids crisscross the country, according to a news release circulated by Rockefeller, chair of the Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee, and Lautenberg, chair of the committee's surface transportation subpanel. Close to 40 pipeline incidents each year since 2006 have resulted in fatalities or injuries, their research reveals.
All local and state government agencies and their contractors to notify "one-call" notification centers before digging
Time limits on accident and leak notification by pipeline operators to local and state government officials and emergency responders
Pipeline operators to make information and inspections available to the public on the PHMSA's Web site
Authorization for phased-in hiring of additional pipeline inspectors and pipeline safety support employees
"As far as reading the tea leaves on how fast Congress will work on pipeline safety, you can place your own bet on how long these things will take," NRDC spokesman Josh Mogerman said. "A lot depends on if the public will tolerate the slow pace of progress in Washington or demand serious changes now."
Lugar Endorses Pipeline
On the same day that NRDC challenged the safety of Keystone XL, Sen. Richard Lugar announced his support for the project.
"Boosting trade with Canada offers tremendous opportunity to improve our energy security, and I encourage the State Department to expeditiously approve the permit for the Keystone XL pipeline," the Indiana Republican told an audience[15] Wednesday at the Alliance to Save Energy's 2011 Great Energy Efficiency Day Conference[16] in Washington. "This pipeline is critical to American efforts to enhance the reliability of our oil supplies."
Democrats often cite Lugar, ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, as a crucial energy ally because of his deep knowledge of world affairs.
The moderate Republican is now in the midst of crafting an overarching energy bill and has talked about the possibility of including a clean energy standard in his legislation.
"We are living in an age when every American motorist relies upon production decisions in the Middle East," Lugar said in his speech, adding that the country is vulnerable to oil supply disruptions from war, political instability, terrorism or embargo. "It is an age in which every barrel produced, every barrel replaced with an alternative, and every barrel saved by efficiency has outsized importance." |
There is a saying among the old-school surgeons that the only problem with every other night call is missing half the good cases.
For medical students awestruck by the operating room, there is logic in this old chestnut. Anatomy is laid bare by skilled hands, physiology is made real by cardiac and other operations, and ephemeral problems suddenly make sense when the diseased organ is there for the touching.
More than just the OR, though, good surgeons are also good doctors, and it is hard to not appreciate the challenge of mastering many things. The long hours and stress of being a surgeon are often theoretical quantities to medical students and certainly were to me. Triathlon was a big part of my life in medical school, and I always assumed I could balance some amount of training with being a doctor.
But then internship and junior residency came with a vengeance. In time-honored tradition, junior residents begin to learn their trade by taking care of patients on the floor before and after their operations. Most interns don’t have time to go to the bathroom; eating is a gift; the call room is a mirage; and the OR the promised land (always wanted but rarely, if ever, seen). Outside interests and lives start to take shape only in memory.
Almost everyone, in every specialty of medicine, goes through this period. It’s easy to think that putting in more hours and neglecting to take care of yourself will stave off deaths, result in more OR time, make you a better doctor. But it doesn’t. It took a long time to recognize this, but I finally started running again and eating better in the winter of my second year. Life was almost immediately better and I have to think I was a better doctor. Lab time gave me time off from call and I started more serious training in July, finishing two Olympics and my first marathon last year. I was back in the hospital in January, though, and it was unclear whether I would be able to maintain this balance, and happiness, in my life.
Escape from Alcatraz 2007 proved to be the perfect experiment. It seemed so different from any of my previous races that I had to try to do it, despite taking every third to fourth night call again. Proper triathlon training went out the window, and I just focused on making the most out of the time I had. By the time I left, I had Cherry Blossom, the Frederick half-marathon and Reston 2 mile swim on the boards and I knew that I had done my best to be ready.
With incredible family and friends waiting for me at the finish and at home, with work going well after so many hard times, with my dog healthy again after surgery this spring, San Francisco Bay and the race beyond spread out in front of Alcatraz in suspended animation. At the moment before I jumped into the Bay, it seemed that many of the things I had worked so hard for were finally at hand, and that all of the things I hope for my life are still to come. In 3:23:25, I finished and it was too soon. |
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Q:
Multiple replacements with one sed command
I'm wondering how I can do a multiple find/replace using a single sed statment in Mac OSX. I'm able to do this in Ubuntu but because of the BSD nature of OSX, the command must be slightly altered.
So, given a file with the string:
"Red Blue Red Blue Black Blue Red Blue Red"
I want to run a sed statement that results in the output:
"Green Yellow Green Yellow Black Yellow Green Yellow Green"
My two sed statements with a qualifying find
color1="Green"
color2="Yellow"
find . -type f -exec sed -i '' s/Red/$color1/g {} \;
find . -type f -exec sed -i '' s/Blue/$color2/g {} \;
I've tried several combinations of semicolons and slashes, and looked at Apple's Dev man page for sed but with a lack of examples, I couldn't piece it together.
A:
Apple's man page says Multiple commands may be specified by using the -e or -f options. So I'd say
find . -type f -exec sed -i '' -e s/Red/$color1/g -e s/Blue/$color2/g {} \;
This certainly works in Linux and other Unices.
A:
It should be also possible to combine sed commands using semicolon ;:
find . -type f -exec sed -i '' -e "s/Red/$color1/g; s/Blue/$color2/g" {} \;
I was wondering how portable this is and found through this Stackoverflow answer a link to the POSIX specification of sed. Especially if you have a lot of sed commands to run, this seems less cluttered to me than writing multiple sed expressions.
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Kate Spade King Size Comforter In Bedding
Kate Spade King Size Comforter In Bedding is free HD wallpaper. This wallpaper was upload at November 19, 2018 upload by admin in .You can download it in your computer by clicking resolution image in Download by size:. Don't forget to rate and comment if you interest with this wallpaper. |
Hygiene in the prevention of udder infections. V. Efficacy of teat dips under experimental exposure to mastitis pathogens.
Efficacy (reduction of new intramammary infections) was determined against Staphylococcus aureus in 14 trials and against Streptococcus agalactiae in 5 trials. Against Staphylococcus aureus seven 1% iodophor products had an average efficacy of 89.9% while three .5% iodophor products averaged 76.4%. A solution of sodium dichloro-s-triazenetrione reduced infections 79.0% and 2% dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid was 50.4% effective. Efficacies of two quaternary ammonium products at .18 and .5% were 84.8 and 60.9%. A placebo vehicle and .15 M saline as teat dips reduced infections 8.9 and 9.2%. Infection rates with Streptococcus agalactiae were low; efficacy ranged from 50.5 to 100.0%, average 65.6%. The model of experimental exposure provided a better estimate of effectiveness of a teat dip than would be possible under conditions of most commercial dairying. |
In the United States Court of Federal Claims
OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
No. 14-750V
Filed: November 21, 2017
Not to be Published.
*************************************
PANAGOULA E. BEKIARIS, *
*
Petitioner, *
* Human papillomavirus (“HPV”)
v. * rashes; no expert report; failure
* to prosecute; dismissal
SECRETARY OF HEALTH *
AND HUMAN SERVICES, *
*
Respondent. *
*
*************************************
Anthony F. Chapekis, Chicago, IL, for petitioner.
Ann D. Martin, Washington, DC, for respondent.
MILLMAN, Special Master
DECISION 1
On August 19, 2014, petitioner filed a petition under the National Childhood Vaccine
Injury Act, 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-10-34 (2012), alleging that human papillomavirus (“HPV” or
“Gardasil”) vaccine administered August 25, 2011 caused an intense skin reaction to her sweat,
chlorine, and soap among other substances; hyperactivity, anxiety; skin rashes; and permanent
disfigurement. Pet. Preamble and ¶¶ 4-7. Petitioner did not file medical records until November
26, 2014, three months after she filed the petition. Petitioner did not file her affidavit until July
24, 2015, eleven months after she filed her petition. She did not file additional medical records
until July 29, 2015. Even then, petitioner had more medical records which she never filed.
1
Because this unpublished decision contains a reasoned explanation for the special master’s action in this
case, the special master intends to post this unpublished decision on the United States Court of Federal
Claims’ website, in accordance with the E-Government Act of 2002, 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2012)
(Federal Management and Promotion of Electronic Government Services). Vaccine Rule 18(b) states that
all decisions of the special masters will be made available to the public unless they contain trade secrets
or commercial or financial information that is privileged and confidential, or medical or similar
information whose disclosure would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy. When such a
decision is filed, petitioner has 14 days to identify and move to redact such information prior to the
document’s disclosure. If the special master, upon review, agrees that the identified material fits within
the banned categories listed above, the special master shall redact such material from public access.
On September 24, 2015, respondent filed his Rule 4(c) Report opposing compensation.
On October 14, 2015, the undersigned issued an Order setting a deadline of July 13, 2016
(one year later) for petitioner to file an expert report. The reason the undersigned gave petitioner
one year to file an expert report is that the pattern of petitioner’s behavior was to delay
constantly and not respond appropriately to orders. Petitioner did not file an expert report by the
deadline one year later or ever.
A year after the expert report was due, on July 7, 2017, petitioner moved for discovery
from Merck, the manufacturer of Gardasil, of samples of the prior (2011) formula of Gardasil
vaccine; chemical and clinical facts/notes regarding the former formulation of Gardasil and
subsequent formulas; information regarding the changes in the formula and the reasons for the
changes; and any further information to enable a clinician to form an opinion “theoretically
linking the injuries” petitioner claimed the vaccine caused. Pet. Mot. at ¶ 13.
On July 10, 2017, the undersigned denied petitioner’s motion for discovery. Most of
petitioner’s medical records refer to her having acne vulgaris, not urticarial (hives) and rashes.
Order at 5. The undersigned regarded petitioner’s motion for discovery consistent with the
pattern of petitioner’s numerous efforts to delay resolution of the case. Id. at 6.
On July 13, 2017, after a telephonic status conference in which petitioner’s counsel stated
that petitioner was less than responsive, the undersigned issued an Order stating that if petitioner
did not file medical records from her current doctor, Dr. Ioannis Moissidis, by November 17,
2017, the undersigned would dismiss this case for failure to prosecute under Vaccine Rule
21(b)(1).
Petitioner did not file anything by November 17, 2017. The undersigned now
DISMISSES this case for failure to prosecute.
FACTS
Pre-Vaccination Records
On March 2, 2009, petitioner saw Dr. Patricia Stec, complaining of a runny nose, stuffy
nose, coughing, headache, dizziness for 10 days, and anxiety. Med. recs. Ex. 3, at 24.
On July 5, 2010, petitioner saw her doctor because she noticed she was unable fully to
extend her arms past 170 degrees bilaterally in cheerleading. Id. She received her first Gardasil
vaccination. Id.
On October 16, 2010, petitioner returned to her doctor for her second Gardasil
vaccination. Id. She said she felt dizzy after her last vaccination but recovered quickly and felt
good afterwards.
2
Post-Vaccination Records
On August 25, 2011, petitioner received her third Gardasil vaccination. Med. recs. Ex. 3,
at 20.
On August 26, 2011, petitioner telephoned Dr. Frank Roemisch and said she had transient
urticaria (hives) the prior night, which was eight hours after Gardasil and when petitioner was
very stressed regarding time constraints to do her homework. Med. recs. Ex. 5, at 36.
Petitioner’s urticaria was resolved with Benadryl taken the prior night and repeated that morning.
She did not have systemic symptoms. Id.
On August 27, 2011, petitioner telephoned Dr. Roemisch and said her hives relapsed
without systemic symptoms. Id. Dr. Roemisch said to take a cool shower and use Benadryl.
She was to call on August 29, 2011 or as needed if she had any new or increased symptoms. She
was to start a trigger diary. Id.
On October 8, 2011, petitioner saw Dr. Roemisch, complaining of a body rash and severe
pruritis (itching) since August 26, 2011, especially on her upper body and arms. Med. recs. Ex.
3, at 25. Benadryl helped, but made her drowsy. She had an increase in pruritis after a gym
class. Id. On a physical examination, petitioner had generalized urticaria with some minor
excoriations. Med. recs. Ex. 5, at 37. Dr. Roemisch prescribed Prednisone 20 mg. If
petitioner’s symptoms increased or persisted, she was to use Xyzal 2 5 mg. and see an allergist.
Id.
On October 15, 2011, petitioner telephoned Dr. Roemisch and said her pruritis decreased,
she was off Prednisone, and she did not use Xyzal. Id.
On November 1, 2011, petitioner saw LPN Reyna Garcia, who works with Dr. Stec. Id.
at 33. Petitioner thought she might have scratched her eye. On examination, petitioner was
noted to have moderate inflammatory acne on her face for which LPN Garcia prescribed Atralin
0.05% gel. Id.
On April 19, 2012, petitioner telephoned Dr. Roemisch, complaining of pruritus and
rashes with multiple lotions and exercise. Id. at 37. She told Dr. Roemisch that Xyzal was too
strong. Benadryl was effective but did not last six hours. Petitioner had not seen an allergist
because she had not found a Greek allergist and did not have insurance. Dr. Roemisch
prescribed Claritin 5 mg. If that did not work, she should try Singulair, and if that failed, she
should consider adding a H2 blocker. He said not to use the gym for two months. Id.
On April 17, 2013, petitioner saw Dr. Vassilios Dimitropoulos, a dermatologist, who
2
Xyzal is “trademark for a preparation of levocetirizine dihydrochloride.” Dorland’s Illustrated Medical
Dictionary 2088 (32nd ed. 2012) (hereinafter, “Dorland’s”). Levocetirizine dihydrochloride is “a
histamine H1-receptor antagonist used in treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria....”
Dorland’s at 1032.
3
diagnosed her with acne vulgaris on her face, chest, and back, post-inflammatory
hyperpigmentation, and xerosis (abnormally dry skin). Med. recs. Ex. 2, at 14. Petitioner had
had acne for six years. Id. (This would put onset of her acne in 2007, four years before her third
HPV vaccination.) On a physical examination, petitioner had numerous erythematous papules,
rare pustules, multiple excoriations, and numerous open and closed comedones. 3 Id. at 15. She
had many erythematous inflammatory stains. Id. Dr. Dimitropoulos prescribed Minocycline 4
100mg and Tretinoin 5 0.025% cream. Id. at 16.
On June 19, 2013, petitioner returned to Dr. Dimitropoulos. Id. at 10. Her acne was not
itching, painful, or burning. It was localized to her face. Id.
On August 14, 2013, petitioner returned to Dr. Dimitropoulos. Id. at 1. He diagnosed her
with improving acne vulgaris and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Id. at 5. Petitioner had
an allergic reaction to Cefuroxime 6 in the form of a rash. Id. at 2.
On February 5, 2014, petitioner returned to Dr. Dimitropoulos. Id. at 6. Her acne was
mild, localized to her face, and characterized by blackheads. It did not itch, and was not painful
or burning. Id.
On January 7, 2015, petitioner returned to Dr. Dimitropoulos. Med. recs. Ex. 4, at 27.
She had facial acne, dermatographism 7 on her arms, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation,
photodamage, and lentigos. 8 Id. Dr. Dimitropoulos discussed petitioner seeing an immunologist
and allergist. Id.
DISCUSSION
To satisfy her burden of proving causation in fact, petitioner must prove by preponderant
evidence: “(1) a medical theory causally connecting the vaccination and the injury; (2) a logical
sequence of cause and effect showing that the vaccination was the reason for the injury; and (3) a
showing of a proximate temporal relationship between vaccination and injury.” Althen v. Sec’y
of HHS, 418 F.3d 1274, 1278 (Fed. Cir. 2005). In Althen, the Federal Circuit quoted its opinion
3
Comedones are the plural of “comedo.” A comedo is a “noninflammatory lesion of acne vulgaris and a
few other conditions, consisting of a plug of keratin and sebum within the dilated orifice of a hair follicle;
it usually contains bacteria . . . .” Dorland’s at 390.
4
Minocycline is “a semisynthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic of the tetracycline group.” Dorland’s at
1168.
5
Tretinoin is “all-trans-retinoic acid, applied topically in the treatment of acne vulgaris . . . .” Dorland’s
at 1959.
6
Cefuroxime is “a synthetic, broad-spectrum ß-lactase-resistant, second-generation cephalosporin
effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.” Dorland’s at 312.
7
Dermatographism also known as dermographism is “a type of physical urticaria in which moderately
firm stroking or scratching of the skin with a dull instrument produces a wheal with a red flare on each
side.” Dorland’s at 499.
8
Lentigo is “a small, flat, tan to dark brown or black, macular melanosis on the skin; it resembles a
freckle clinically but is histologically distinct . . . .” Dorland’s at 1022.
4
in Grant v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 956 F.2d 1144, 1148 (Fed. Cir. 1992):
A persuasive medical theory is demonstrated by “proof of a logical
sequence of cause of and effect showing that the vaccination was
the reason for the injury [,]” the logical sequence being supported
by a “reputable medical or scientific explanation[,]” i.e., “evidence
in the form of scientific studies or expert medical testimony[.]”
418 F.3d at 1278.
Without more, “evidence showing an absence of other causes does not meet petitioner’s
affirmative duty to show actual or legal causation.” Grant, 956 F.2d at 1149. Mere temporal
association is not sufficient to prove causation in fact. Id. at 1148.
Petitioner must show not only that but for Gardasil vaccine, she would not have had
rashes and other alleged injuries, but also that Gardasil vaccine was a substantial factor in
causing her rashes and other alleged injuries. Shyface v. Sec’y of HHS, 165 F.3d 1344, 1352
(Fed. Cir. 1999).
The Vaccine Act, 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-13(a)(1), prohibits the undersigned from ruling for
petitioner based solely on her allegations unsubstantiated by medical records or medical opinion.
The medical records do not support petitioner’s allegations. She has not filed a medical expert
opinion in support of her allegations.
The undersigned DISMISSES this petition for failure to prosecute under Vaccine Rule
21(b)(1).
CONCLUSION
The petition is DISMISSED. In the absence of a motion for review filed pursuant to
RCFC Appendix B, the Clerk of Court is directed to enter judgment herewith. 9
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Dated: November 21, 2017 /s/ Laura D. Millman
Laura D. Millman
Special Master
9
Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), entry of judgment can be expedited by each party, either separately or
jointly, filing a notice renouncing the right to seek review.
5
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Friday, February 10, 2012
SUPPORTING EDUCATION AND CONCIETIZACION IN ARIZONA & YOUTH ORGANIZING
Over the past few weeks, many friends/colleagues from around the country have asked how they can help regarding the MAS-TUSD situation. At the moment, I can think of two ways. Supporting education and concietizacion in Arizona, and 2) Supporting UNIDOS youth organizers, who also work with both Social Justice Education Project and MEChA students.
Each semester, I teach several classes that speak to the crisis that we live here in Arizona. As part of my classes at the University of Arizona (The History of the Chicano Movement and Indigenous Thinkers/Indigenous Philosophers: Abya Yalla 2012) we invite speakers from throughout the country to help make sense of what is happening around us. The speakers that come in are able to speak, not just to my classes, but to the university as a whole and to the entire community.
El Coraje, Fall semester
In some cases, my students elect to document the historic events in our midst. As such, they are again doing so through El Coraje, a publication from the 1960s that was revived by my students two years ago. This will be the 4th issue since its revival. To download copy of previous issue, go to: http://combatinghate.com/Combatting_Hate/Enter.html
El Coraje 2010
This semester, the suspension of the Mexican American Studies Department-TUSD is first and foremost on everyone’s mind, but so too are the equally important immigration issues that we experience in the harsh dessert we live in. On top of that, one of the classes is examining not the Hollywood version, but rather, the reality of, and the human rights struggles of, Indigenous peoples, in the Year 2012.
Please consider sending in a donation. The reason for this appeal, is that there is still a budget crisis at the UA, and everyone in Tucson is already tapped out. By donating, you will help to contribute to the education of UA students and the community at large. Thanks in advance. Please see instructions below.
ELECTRONIC DONATIONS:
We are accepting gifts from $50 to $100 or more, or whatever amount you wish.
The estimated budget that needs to be raised for the special projects for this
class, which includes a special issue of El Coraje, is $2,500. We hope to reach
that through generous contributions like yours. The donation is tax-deductible.
Send electronically or by check via mail.
ELECTRONICALLY: To make your contribution with a credit card (Visa, Mastercard,
American Express, Discover), please follow these directions:
This will take you to the SBS, UA Foundation Website. It is a secured site.
2) Please fill out your billing and payment information. This is needed to
properly send you a receipt for tax purposes. Fill out the additional security
code, and click on the "Donate Now" button at the bottom of the page.
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our Department, please email Veronica Peralta at vperalta@email.arizona.edu with
your name, address, and amount given. No other information is needed.
BY CHECK
Make check payable to: The University of Arizona Foundation. In the memo line,
write: MAS R. Rodriguez Events. Please mail it to:
2) UNIDOS is one of the primary organizers of youth in Tucson. At the moment, they are setting up a paypal account, so as to be able to continue their organizing efforts. You may remember UNIDOS this past year as they dramatically took over the school board (April 26, 2011) and then continued the defense of Mexican American Studies in a highly charged school board meeting (May 3), this amid perhaps 200 law enforcement officers of every stripe, including bomb squad, riot squad, a helicopter and special tactical units that surrounded both the building and neighborhood. You can watch this at:
Those who are interested in supporting one of the legal efforts in fighting back HB 2281, please go to: saveethnicstudies.org. There are actually other ways to help and other organizing groups that also need assistance. As the info becomes available, it will be provided. |
The goal of the proposal is to determine the role of fibronectin in the differentiation of chondrocytes. Since differentiation of mesenchymal cells into chondrocytes is one of the earliest steps in endochondral bone formation and bone fracture repair, the studies proposed should lead to an increased understanding of chondrogenic expression and bone morphogenesis. It has been demonstrated that cellular fibronectin is one of the chief determinants of chondrogenic expression. In the presence of fibronectin, chondroblasts remain undifferentiated; while the removal of fibronectin or the addition of antibodies of fibronectin results in chondrogenic expression. Based on our current understanding of the molecular biology of fibronectin, we propose to examine the molecular mechanism involved in the control of chondrogenic expression by fibronectin. We will determine the region of fibronectin responsible for its effects on the differentiation of chondrocytes by the isolation of appropriate proteolytic fragments of fibronectin. The fibronectin fragment isolated will be analyzed in order to determine the identity of the receptor responsible for chondrogenic expression. The cell surface molecular responsible for the differentiative action of fibronectin will be isolated. Intrinsic membrane molecules which participate in fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion will be examined by biochemical and biophysical means. |
Kalaoa Information Update # 3 for October 10th, 2019
57-year-old Kailua-Kona man in custody following a barricade incident at a residence in Kalaoa, North Kona on Thursday morning (October 10th).
The Hawaii Police Department (HPD) along with the Hawaii Fire Department (HFD) responded to a Barricade Incident at a residence on Ahulani Street in Kalaoa, North Kona on Thursday morning (October 10th).
The initial call came in just after 8:45 am Thursday morning (October 10th) and HPD officers from the Kona Patrol along with HPD's Special Response Team (SRT), Crisis Negotiations Team (CNT), and HFD crews from the Kailua and Makalei Fire Stations along with Battalion 2 responded to the scene located at the 73-1100 block of Ahulani Street in Kalaoa.
Prior to the start of the barricade incident, suspect identified as 57-year-old Richard Gorloff of Kailua-Kona had made a threat towards a family member earlier in the day and officers from the Kona Patrol were heading to Gorloff's residence on Ahulani Street to make contact and follow-up with him regarding that incident.
Once HPD officers arrived at the residence and attempted to make contact, Gorloff had refused to exit the residences and told officers that he would blow up the residence, if they came any closer.
During that initial interaction, HPD officers had observed Gorloff to be in possession of a small propane tank and a five-gallon gas container filled with an unknown liquid. The suspect was also observed to be holding a propane torch (unlit) and flint striker to light the torch while communicating with officers. They also noticed a propane odor in the area surrounding his residences.
Shortly after first contact/interaction with Gorloff at his residences, HPD took the following precautionary actions during the incident:
Residences within 300 yards from the scene were evacuated. Residences on Ahulani Street and Ahikawa Street (North Side of Ahikawa Street) between Kiekie Street and Ho'okumu Street were evacuated.
Ahulani Street between Ho'okumu Street and Kiekie Street was closed to all residences and traffic. And Ho'okumu Street was also closed during the incident as emergency crews/vehicles were operating in the area.
At about 2:45 pm Thursday afternoon, HPD officers reported that Gorloff, who had barricaded himself in his residence hours earlier, had peacefully surrendered and been taken into custody ending a 6-hour long standoff. Shortly thereafter at 2:50 pm, Residences evacuated during the incident were given the all-clear to safely return.
HFD Medics then transported Gorloff to Kona Community Hospital for Medical Evaluation, where he currently remains at this time under police custody.
The investigation into the incident continues and charges are still pending. |
Application of Pacific Gas and Electric Company for Authority to Increase Electric Rates and Charges to Recover Costs Relating to California Solar Photovoltaic Manufacturing Development Facility. (U39E)
Application 10-11-002
(Filed November 1, 2010)
DECISION DENYING APPLICATION
1. Summary
We deny the application of Pacific Gas and Electric Company to invest $9.9 million of ratepayer funds in Silicon Valley Technology Corporation.
2. Background
Applicant Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) seeks Commission approval of a plan to invest $9.9 million of ratepayer funds in Silicon Valley Technology Corporation (SVTC), a start-up company that proposes to build a new solar panel fabrication facility, the photovoltaic manufacturing and development facility (PV MDF), in Santa Clara County. SVTC has already secured a commitment from the United States Department of Energy (DOE) for a $30 million investment. However, the DOE commitment is contingent upon SVTC raising an additional $9.9 million in matching funds.1 On September 28, 2011,Californians for Renewable Energy, Inc. (CARE) filed a motion to dismiss this action. On October 5, 2011, The Utility Reform Network (TURN), the Division of Ratepayer Advocates (DRA), Greenlining Institute (Greenlining), the Marin Energy Authority (MEA), and the Western Power Trading Forum (WPTF), all of whom together with CARE had protested the application, filed a joint motion to dismiss this action. CARE, TURN, DRA, Greenlining, MEA and WPTF are collectively referred to herein as "Protestors." On October 31, 2011, the assigned Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) denied the motions to dismiss. Pursuant to a schedule adopted at a prehearing conference on September 22, 2011, the parties filed joint opening briefs on November 21, 2011 and joint reply briefs on December 6, 2011. The parties waived evidentiary hearings.
PG&E argues that the PV MDF will engage in research and development (R&D) activities; that R&D investments of ratepayer funds are specifically authorized by Pub. Util. Code §§ 740 and 740.1;2 and that we have approved such investments in the past. PG&E also argues that this investment is consistent with renewable energy programs sponsored by the Commission and points out that it is supported by Governor Brown. Finally, PG&E asserts that ratepayers will be adequately compensated for the investment through their ownership stake in SVTC.
Protestors deny that the PV MDF will engage in R&D activities and argue that the investment is not authorized either by Pub. Util. Code §§ 740 and 740.1 or by § 2775.5,3 which sets out specific requirements that must be met by electrical or gas corporations seeking to invest ratepayer funds in solar energy systems. They assert that investing ratepayer funds in a for-profit start-up company is risky, unprecedented, and sets a disturbing precedent, regardless of its legality. They argue that this type of investment is better suited to a non-regulated entity and point out that shareholders of PG&E have made such investments in the past. Finally, they argue that if the Commission approves the investment, it should be subject to additional conditions designed to increase the probability that ratepayers will ultimately recover the investment.
3. Discussion
Pub. Util. Code § 740 authorizes utilities to charge ratepayers for "expenses for research and development." However, the statute does not define what constitutes an R&D expense. To assist our analysis of this issue, we adopt the definition of "research and development" from the federal Office of Management and Budget guidelines:
Basic research is defined as systematic study directed toward fuller knowledge or understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena and of observable facts without specific application toward processes or products in mind.
Applied research is defined as systematic study to gain knowledge or understanding necessary to determine the means by which a recognized and specific need may be met.
Development is defined as systematic application of knowledge or understanding, directed toward the production of useful materials, devices, and systems or methods, including design, development, and improvement of prototypes and new processes that meet specific requirements.4
To determine whether work done at the PV MDF falls within this definition, we look to the application and the supporting documentation including this description of the PV MDF in the SVTC grant proposal to DOE:
A fabrication facility that 20-30 PV companies could use simultaneously to do pilot manufacturing on a fee for service basis. It would have baseline manufacturing equipment , plus specialized equipment bays and private locked bays for each company's unique technological process.5
In simple terms, the PV MDF is a facility housing a collection of basic manufacturing equipment for making solar panels, either alone or together with specialized tools owned by the users and stored at the facility. It is effectively a test lab in which solar panel fabrication companies can evaluate alternative product designs and manufacturing processes. The companies can rent the PV MDF rather than build their own test facilities, thereby shortening the time and lowering the cost of bringing solar panels to market.
From the short description given above, it should be clear that users of the PV MDF would not be doing either basic or applied research. Nor would the users be developing manufacturing technologies at the PV MD; they would be testing products and processes developed elsewhere. On the other hand, the definition of "development" from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Guidelines, if read broadly, appears to cover this facility since testing of products and processes is part of developing them.
Turning from the general language of § 740 to the detailed requirements of § 740.1, it appears that the PV MDF supports "environmental improvement" as mandated by § 740.1(e)(1) and the development of "renewable resources" as mandated by § 740.(e)(4), but does not offer a reasonable prospect of providing benefits to ratepayers (§ 740.1(a), has a low probability of success (§ 740.1(b)) and duplicates work that would be done elsewhere (§ 740.1(d)). Weighing these outcomes we conclude that the project overall does not satisfy the requirements of the statute.
In its original application, PG&E argued that the utility's financial stake in the project would "provide the potential for full reimbursement to PG&E's customers over the long term."6 More specifically, it would "provide an opportunity for reimbursement of PG&E's customers after five years."7 Perhaps recognizing that this potential ratepayer benefit is speculative and remote, PG&E has minimized economic return on the invested funds in its amended application and its briefs, choosing instead to emphasize the potential for lower cost solar energy as the principal ratepayer benefit:
PG&E has never claimed that its investment in the MDF would be the source of benefits for the RD&D Project. Instead the primary benefit of the project is the RD&D potential for improved solar manufacturing processes and lower PV product costs and prices.8
PG&E has wisely replaced its emphasis on "the potential for full reimbursement" with more general potential benefits because there is no reasonable assurance that ratepayers will ever recover any of the money invested in the PV MDF.
DRA and TURN, respectively, have placed in the record news reports of rapidly falling prices for solar panels, a trend expected to continue for years,9 and the reduction of the US solar panel industry in the face of Chinese competition.10 The relatively high cost of manufacturing solar panels in California versus other parts of the world, the projected rapid price erosion and the current uncompetitive state of the American solar panel industry taken together cast substantial doubt on the long-term viability of this project.
Even if we assume, as PG&E asks us to do, that the major ratepayer benefit from the project is the "potential for improved solar manufacturing processes and lower PV product costs and prices" it is difficult to see how this benefit rewards the ratepayers for their investment. All customers of California-based solar panel manufacturers, whether located in PG&E's service territory, elsewhere in California, or outside of California, would potentially benefit equally from lower prices for solar panels.
Finally, as SVTC itself noted in its DOE application, the focus of the PV MDF is on commercialization of solar panel manufacturing technology. Every solar panel manufacturer may be assumed to be focused on commercialization. While the existence of the PF MDF might marginally accelerate that process, it almost certainly duplicates the efforts of existing and future manufacturers.
For these reasons, we conclude that investment of ratepayer funds in this project is not authorized by Pub. Util. Code §§ 740 and 740.1.
This section broadly authorizes gas and electric utilities to invest ratepayer funds in solar energy systems, provided that the Commission finds that the investment is in the ratepayers' interest, will accelerate the use of solar energy systems in California, and will not adversely impact the market for solar energy systems.
We note this section's requirement that any investment of ratepayer funds in solar energy systems should be "in the ratepayers' interest." We interpret Section 2775.5 to mean that an investment in a solar energy system is in the ratepayers' interest only if some benefits to ratepayers are separate from benefits to the public at large. The potential lowering of solar panel costs, the creation of California-based jobs, and the other alleged benefits of the project all accrue either to the public at large or to groups other than PG&E ratepayers, for example, employees of SVTC or the PV MDF. We have already determined that the likelihood of ratepayers receiving a monetary return on their investment is too remote and inadequate to constitute a ratepayer benefit. Accordingly, we find that the proposed investment does not create a ratepayer benefit that is separate from the benefits to the public at large and fails to meet the requirement of § 2775.5(f) that it be in the ratepayers' interest.
Since a proposed investment in a solar system has to meet all the enumerated requirements to qualify under Section 2775.5, we need not discuss whether this investment meets the other requirements.
3.3. Should we approve this use of ratepayer funds
in the absence of specific statutory authorization?
PG&E argues that we should approve this investment of ratepayer funds using the broad general regulatory authority conferred on us by Pub. Util. Code § 701,12 even if it does not meet the specific requirements of § 740 or § 2775.5. PG&E states the investment will bring millions of otherwise foregone federal dollars into California during a difficult economic time, has the support of the governor, and is an appropriate complement to the state's programs of encouraging alternatives to fossil fuel burning.13 In effect, the utility argues that we should not turn down millions of dollars of federal grant money, with their associated positive impact on jobs and the environment, simply because the investment does not fit neatly into the sections of the Public Utilities Code that deal with investment of ratepayer funds in solar systems and related matters.
As all parties have pointed out in their briefs, we regularly consider whether to permit the use of ratepayer funds for activities that do not directly lower the cost or increase the reliability of utility service. We consider each such proposal on its merits and weigh the amount of public good, the cost to ratepayers, and the availability of alternative financing vehicles, among other things, in determining whether or not to authorize such investments. After weighing those various interests, we conclude that funding for this project is more appropriately sought from private sources.
4. Categorization and Need for Hearings
This proceeding was initially categorized as ratesetting and it was determined that hearings were required. We affirm the initial categorization and change the hearing determination to "not required."
5. Comments on Proposed Decision
The proposed decision of ALJ Bemesderfer in this matter was mailed to the parties in accordance with Section 311 of the Public Utilities Code and comments were allowed under Rule 14.3 of the Commission's Rules of Practice and Procedure.
Opening comments on the Proposed Decision and/or the Alternate Proposed Decision of President Peevey were filed on February 27, 2012, by PG&E, WPTF, Direct Access Customer Coalition, MEA, the City and County of San Francisco (CCSF), DRA, and TURN. Reply comments were filed on March 5, 2012, by all parties other than the CCSF.
All parties other than PG&E supported the Proposed Decision and opposed the Alternate Proposed Decision. The comments and reply comments replicated arguments previously made in briefs and were accorded no additional weight.
6. Assignment of Proceeding
Michael R. Peevey is the assigned Commissioner and Karl J. Bemesderfer is the assigned ALJ for this proceeding.
Finding of Fact
1. The PV MDF is an R&D facility.
2. The PV MDF supports environmental improvement.
3. The PV MDF supports development of renewable resources.
4. The PV MDF has a low probability of success.
5. The financial return to ratepayers of an investment in the PV MDF is remote and speculative.
6. The benefits of a successful PV MDF flow either to the public at large or to persons unaffiliated with PG&E.
7. Work done at the PV MDF would duplicate work done elsewhere.
Conclusions of Law
1. Investment of ratepayer funds in SVTC is not authorized by Pub. Util. Code §§ 740 and 740.1.
2. Investment of ratepayer funds in SVTC is not authorized by Pub. Util. Code § 2775.5.
3. Authorization of the investment of ratepayer funds in SVTC pursuant to Pub. Util. Code § 701 is not in the public interest.
4. The application should be denied.
ORDER
IT IS ORDERED that:
1. Application 10-11-002 is denied.
2. The hearing determination is changed from Yes to No.
3. Application 10-11-002 is closed.
This order is effective today.
Dated , at San Francisco, California.
1 PG&E'a original application sought authority to invest $19.8 million in ratepayer funds which was a requirement for receiving an expected grant of $98 million from DOE. When DOE reduced the amount of the grant from $98 million to $30 million, the required matching investment was reduced to $9.9 million. While the dollar amount of ratepayer money at risk has been halved by this change, the percentage of total project cost to be covered by the ratepayers has increased from 20% to just under 25%. It should also be noted that ratepayers must be charged $17.8 million in order to provide PG&E with $9.9 million to invest in SVTC.
For purposes of setting the rates to be charged by every electrical corporation, gas corporation, heat corporation or telephone corporation for the services or commodities furnished by it, the commission may allow the inclusion of expenses for research and development.
Section 740.1:
The commission shall consider the following guidelines in evaluating the research, development, and demonstration projects proposed by electrical and gas corporations:
(a) Projects should offer a reasonable prospect of providing benefits to ratepayers.
(b) Expenditures on projects which have a low probability for success should be minimized.
(c) Projects should be consistent with the corporation's resource plan.
(d) Projects should not unnecessarily duplicate research projects previously or immanently undertaken by other electrical or gas corporations or research organizations.
(e) Each project should also support one or more of the following objectives:
1. Environmental improvement.
2. Public and employee safety.
3. Conservation by efficient resource use or by reducing or shifting system load.
4. Development of new resources and processes, particularly renewable resources and processes which further supply technologies.
If an electrical or gas corporation desires to manufacture, lease, sell, or otherwise own or control any solar energy system, it shall submit to the commission, in such form as the commission may specify, a description of the proposed program of solar energy development which it desires to pursue. The corporation may pursue the program of solar energy development unless the commission, within 45 days after the commission has accepted the filing of the corporation's description pursuant to this subdivision, orders the corporation to obtain from the commission the authorization to do so provided in this section. In cases where the corporation seeks to pursue a program of solar energy development with costs and expenses to be passed through to the ratepayers, the corporation may not implement the program until it receives an authorization from the commission which includes findings and a determination, pursuant to subdivision (f), that the program is in the ratepayer's interest. No such authorization shall be required for any solar energy system which is owned or controlled for experimental or demonstration purposes. As used in this subdivision, "experimental or demonstration purposes" means a limited program of installation, use, or development the sole purpose of which is to investigate the technical viability or economic cost effectiveness of a solar application.
(b) The commission shall deny the authorization sought if it finds that the proposed program will restrict competition or restrict growth in the solar energy industry or unfairly employ in a manner which would restrict competition in the market for solar energy systems any financial, marketing, distributing, or generating advantage which the corporation may exercise as aresult of its authority to operate as a public utility. Before granting any such authorization, the commission shall find that the program of solar energy development proposed by the corporation will accelerate the development and use of solar energy systems in this state for the duration of the program.
(f) The costs and expenses of implementing a program of solar energy development shall not be passed through to the ratepayers of an electrical or gas corporation unless the commission finds and determines that it is in the ratepayers' interest to do so.
6Application of Pacific Gas and Electric Company for Authority to Increase Electric Rates and Charges to Recover Costs Relating to California Solar Photovoltaic Manufacturing Development Facility, dated November 1, 2010, at 1.
8Reply Brief of Pacific Gas and Electric Company dated December 6, 2011 at 5.
9"Solar Generation of Electricity at Grid Parity A Reality in Selected Geographies And16% Per Year Cost Decline for Next 5 Years Implies Major Markets Are Next: Exclusive Interview With Industry Expert" The Wall Street Transcript, March 4, 2011cited in Opening Brief of Division of Ratepayer Advocates dated November 21, 2011, at 10.
11Opening Brief of Pacific Gas and Electric Company dated November 21, 2011 at 4-8.
12 The commission may supervise and regulate every public utility in the State and may do all things, whether specifically designated in this part or in addition thereto which are necessary and convenient in the exercise of such power and jurisdiction. |
shmenguin wrote:i guess the premise here is that martin is a good guy who doesn't want to make it difficult on the team that's trying to ditch him - and will accept a trade to literally anywhere.
Well, I think of it more like this... if RS and the coaches say they aren't happy with him and want to reduce his role, regardless of why he signed here to begin with and what he MAY have given up from other teams, he moves to get the role he wants. I think that's more likely than anything else. I mean, sure you could say "I'll take my $5M and play a reduced role/get scratched because I don't fit into the plans and have people unhappy with me," or if you're in the prime of your career, you take the money you already have and play in the role you want, and you sacrifice maybe playing in a city that isn't necessarily optimal.
Of course, I don't know if any of that is true, but I see it being the most likely scenario for him waving his NMC if he finds the right place. Who wants to sit on a team where they want you to be gone? Can't be healthy for the next however many years, money or no money. |
Gotta tip our hats to the WordPress team for keeping us safe and sound.
This release fixes an issue that could allow a malicious Editor-level user to gain further access to the site. Thanks K. Gudinavicius of SEC Consult for bringing this to our attention. Version 3.1.4 also incorporates several other security fixes and hardening measures thanks to the work of WordPress developers Alexander Concha and Jon Cave of our security team. Consult the change log for more details. [Source] |
// Copyright DApps Platform Inc. All rights reserved.
import TrustCore
struct ERC20Token {
let contract: Address
let name: String
let symbol: String
let decimals: Int
let coin: Coin
}
|
TLW007 - Monk Staff
$69.95
The Monk Staff is another long weapon used primarily by the famous Monks of Shaiolin Temple. Since ancient times, staffs have been a monk's preferred weapon. Carrying the Monk Staff typically denotes having attained a higher ranking. The head of the staff is a rigid spring steel painted gold, and the shaft is wood painted a deep earth color to coordinate with the colors of a monk's robe. |
John Sveinsson
John Lunde Sveinsson (29 January 1922 – 2009) was a Norwegian football player and manager.
During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he fled Norway in 1941. Via neutral Sweden he reached Scotland in 1943 and underwent military training. He also played football for Dundee United during that time. In 1945 he returned as a paratrooper to Norway for the Norwegian Independent Company 1.
Sveinsson mainly played football for SFK Lyn, winning the Norwegian Football Cup 1945 and becoming top goalscorer in the Norwegian Main League 1950-51 with 19 goals. He is also known as Lyn's most prolific goalscorer in one match, with six goals, and also coached Lyn in the 1960s. He was capped three times for Norway, scoring once.
Honours
Individual
Norwegian top division top scorer: 1950–51
References
External links
Category:1922 births
Category:2009 deaths
Category:Norwegian footballers
Category:Lyn Fotball players
Category:Norway international footballers
Category:Norwegian football managers
Category:Lyn Fotball managers
Category:Dundee United F.C. wartime guest players
Category:Norwegian expatriates in Scotland
Category:Norwegian expatriates in Sweden
Category:Norwegian Special Operations Executive personnel
Category:Norwegian Army personnel of World War II
Category:Association footballers not categorized by position |
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to automatic test equipment (ATE) and accompanying processes for testing electronic devices, and, more particularly, to test equipment and processes for testing characteristics of high-speed bit streams.
2. Description of Related Art
Manufacturers of integrated circuits commonly use automatic test equipment (ATE) to verify devices at different manufacturing stages. Through the use of ATE, manufacturers can identify device faults early in the manufacturing process, thus avoiding the costs of performing additional manufacturing steps on defective devices. Manufacturers may also use ATE to grade devices across different levels of performance. As better-performing devices generally fetch higher prices, the ability accurately to test integrated circuits translates directly into increased profits.
A primary goal of ATE is to test electronic devices quickly and accurately. As devices become faster and more complex, ATE must advance to keep pace with these improvements.
The popularity of Serializer/Deserializer, or “SerDes,” and other high-speed serial devices has greatly increased in recent years with improvements in telecommunications and networking technologies. SerDes devices convert parallel bit streams into serial bit streams that change at a multiple of the input, parallel data rate. They may also perform the reverse function of deserializing serial bit streams, by converting them into parallel bit streams that change at a fraction of the serial data rate. SerDes devices are now available at serial data rates up to 13 GB/s (billion bits per second), and 40 GB/s parts will soon be available. By comparison, state-of-the-art testers can commonly generate digital waveforms at speeds of only several hundred megahertz. This still falls short of the speed needed to directly test the fastest currently available SerDes devices at full speed.
Previous attempts at measuring high-speed serial bit streams have included using specialized test instruments such as TJD's (Time Jitter Digitizers). TJD's detect edges of electrical signals at their inputs and apply time-stamp values indicative of the times at which the edges occur. TJD's tend to be costly, multifunctional instruments, however, offering features that extend well beyond those needed for serial testing. They also tend to operate at slower speeds than those required for testing the fastest SerDes devices.
Another prior technique for testing serial bit streams is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/635,334, entitled “CAPTURING AND EVALUATING HIGH SPEED DATA STREAMS,” which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. As described in that patent, a tester employs its digital driver circuits to apply parallel input data to a SerDes device, and employs a latching comparator to undersample the output of the SerDes device. The tester's detector circuits then sample the comparator's latched output to reconstruct the high-speed serial waveform. This technique is highly effective for measuring timing characteristics of serial bit streams. The technique tends to be exceedingly complex, however, both in terms of the programming instructions required to conduct the process and the computations needed to generate the measurement results.
What is desired is a simpler technique for measuring the timing characteristics of high-speed bit streams using automatic test systems. |
Starting A New Chiropractic Apply On A Finances
Beginning a Chiropractic observe on a funds isn’t easy but it is achievable with time and dedication!
Determine your skills and the market: Formulating enterprise methods includes a detailed understanding of the project you’re planning to undertake and how this venture would attract your customers. Identify the need of the market, ponder over it after which lay plans on how to fulfill the prevailing necessities. Be inventive and introduce one thing new and exclusive that the market has by no means witnessed. Be modern and keep away from copying ideas. In case if you’re lifting concepts then develop one thing new by making it your personalized model. However all in all, the mantra to stand out in crowd is to create one thing fresh and interesting.
in Canada it will be very unprofessional to meet somwhere else(like a espresso store) first time. It’s a must to have some form of an workplace and invite your consumer there and let him know that you have a lot to give, that you would be able to be very useful to him, that as a promotion you are able to do this and that for him for free (that means you’ll be able to hook him and he’s not going to buy round, could also be).
thank you Maria for all of your fantastic ideas. I was a unit chief and lost my title. I had to stop and regroup. now i’m on the right track and on the lookout for nice ideas so I generally is a better leader. I’am about to be unit chief once more and I would like my recruits to remain concerned with their I know what it takes to be an important unitleader.
Nene used her RHOA fame to show herself right into a model. Her numerous television appearances embrace The Ellen Degeneres Show and Jimmie Kimmel Dwell, but her large break got here when she was cast on Superstar Apprentice by Donald Trump. In the event you watched season 4, you heard Nene point out Trump’s title 1,000 occasions or more: humorous contemplating that she stop Celeb Apprentice on the tenth episode. |
Background
==========
The success of linkage mapping in Mendelian traits led to great optimism that the same approach could be harnessed to identify genes in disorders or traits without clear Mendelian inheritance patterns, so called complex or quantitative traits. In contrast to phenotypes that are controlled by single genes, in complex traits there is no clear-cut mode of transmission. It is likely that quantitative traits are influenced by many genes of small effect size (called quantitative trait loci, QTLs), with factors such as gene-gene interactions (epistasis), pleiotropy, and gene-environment interactions complicating matters further \[[@B1],[@B2]\].
Although many linkage screens for complex disorders have been reported, linkage studies are underpowered to detect genes of small effect size \[[@B3]\]. In contrast, case-control association analysis, even using stringent significance levels, promises to provide the power required to detect QTLs that are too weak to be detected by linkage analysis alone \[[@B2]\]. However, this power comes at an expense, as a systematic genome wide association study requires very large numbers of DNA markers, perhaps as many as 500,000 \[[@B4],[@B5]\]. Furthermore, the ability to detect QTLs of small effect size requires large samples. For example, 80% power (*p*\< .01, two tailed) to detect an effect of 0.5% in an unselected sample requires samples of at least 1000 individuals \[[@B6]\].
Consequently, considerable effort has gone into developing high-throughput genotyping methodologies that allow the genotyping of dense marker sets in large sample sizes quickly, accurately, with minimal optimisation and very low unit cost \[[@B7]\]. Until such technologies become widely available, one way to address the cost, time and labour involved in using large sample sizes is to perform analyses not on individual DNA samples, but on pools made up of DNA from multiple individuals for cases and for controls, a technique that can dramatically reduce the genotyping burden \[[@B8]\]. There is a growing literature addressing methodological issues such as DNA pool construction, genotyping assays, and statistical analysis \[[@B9]-[@B12]\], and the strengths and weaknesses of DNA pooling have recently been reviewed \[[@B13]\]. DNA pooling has been used successfully to identify replicated associations with complex traits \[[@B14]-[@B16]\]. However, using the current SNP genotyping methodologies on DNA pools even for a small number of DNA pools for a dense marker set is still labour-intensive and expensive. One solution to the problem of genotyping many DNA markers is SNP genotyping microarrays which use a one-primer assay to genotype thousands of SNPs, offering the first real hope of a systematic survey of DNA variation in the human genome. However, microarrays can be used only once and are expensive in studies consisting of the large samples needed to detect QTLs of small effect size. One solution to the QTL conundrum is to combine both DNA pooling and SNP microarrays, an approach that we call SNP-MaP (SNP *m*icroarrays *a*nd *p*ooling), which can dramatically reduce the cost of screening large numbers of SNPs on large samples.
We hypothesised that quantitative estimates of allele frequencies -- especially the relative allele frequencies comparing groups like cases and controls -- can be derived from pooled DNA using SNP genotyping microarrays, similar to the way that expression microarrays estimate quantitative frequencies for mRNA transcripts \[[@B17]\].
Affymetrix software (GDAS) uses the hybridisation fluorescence signals from the SNP microarrays to generate \'Relative Allele Signals\' (RAS), a ratio of the measurement of allele A to the summed measurement of alleles A and B. Thus, RAS values vary between 0.0 and 1.0. Two independent RAS values are derived for each SNP from the sense strand (RAS1) and the anti-sense strand (RAS2). As explained in the Methods, Affymetrix software plots RAS1 scores against RAS2 scores and uses empirically derived clustering information to trichotomise these RAS scores as genotypes for DNA of an individual. RAS values near 0.0 are identified as a BB homozygote, 0.5 as an AB heterozygote, and 1.0 as an AA homozygote. We propose that RAS values can be used as quantitative indexes of allele frequencies in DNA pools.
The purpose of our current report is to follow up our previous study that addressed the feasibility of SNP-MaP \[[@B18]\]. We explore the reliability validity and sensitivity of SNP-MaP in greater detail using Affymetrix GeneChip^®^Mapping 10 K Array Xba 131 which genotypes more than 10,000 SNPs.
We constructed a control DNA pool consisting of 100 individuals independently three times (control pool A, B, and C), each assayed on triplicate microarrays. We used these replicate control pools to assess the reliability of estimating allele frequencies from pooled DNA. To assess validity and sensitivity, we compared allele frequency estimates from microarray assays using pooled DNA to individual genotyping. In addition, in order to assess sensitivity experimentally, we reconstructed two \'case\' DNA pools that differed by 15% and 20% in allele frequencies from the controls by spiking an aliquot of a control pool with an individual\'s DNA who was also individually genotyped on the microarray. Each case pool was assayed on duplicate microarrays.
Results
=======
Validation of pool construction
-------------------------------
Before using the microarrays, we genotyped the 9 DNA pools for 3 SNPs using SNaPshot™ ddNTP primer extension reaction kit (Applied Biosystems^©^) in order to confirm that the control DNA pools A, B and C were representative of the 100 individuals used to construct the pools. The results indicated that pool construction was valid in that, for the three SNPs, the pools yielded similar allele frequency estimates. Most importantly, these estimates, and especially their averages across the pools, are highly similar to the allele frequencies based on individual genotyping. For example, the average pooled allele frequencies (corrected for *k*see below and Methods) and individual genotyping allele frequencies, respectively, were 0.914 and 0.918 for rs1003063, 0.438 and 0.464 for rs15643193, and 0.639 and 0.634 for rs956122. SNaPshot™ has previously been shown to estimate pool allele frequencies with a high degree of accuracy if *k*is applied \[[@B12]\].
Summary of 10 K GeneChip results for pooled DNA
-----------------------------------------------
We consistently obtained good signal detection rates across all 14 microarrays used in the study, with an average signal detection of 83.9% (range of 60.54% to 98.59%) using the default analysis parameters. SNPs were excluded if there was inadequate discrimination between specific versus non-specific hybridisation of DNA to the probes.
We obtained RAS1 and RAS2 values for 6077 SNPs across all 9 microarrays for the control pools A, B and C. For the spiked pools, RAS1 and RAS2 values were obtained for 9908 SNPs for the 15% spiked pool and 6668 SNPs for the 20% spiked pools.
Validation: comparing allele frequencies from pooled DNA and population estimates
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We have previously shown that an average of RAS1 and RAS2 values (RAS~av~) estimate pooled allele frequencies more accurately then RAS1 or RAS2 alone \[[@B18]\].
RAS~av~values were calculated for each SNP on the 3 microarrays for each of the 3 DNA control pools. These RAS~av~values were then averaged across the 9 microarrays. The resulting allelic frequency estimates from pooled DNA were correlated with SNP allele frequencies determined by individually genotyping for an independent Caucasian sample. The latter data are publicly available from the NetAffx™ Analysis Centre <https://www.affymetrix.com/analysis/netaffx/index.affx>, a web-based tool providing extensive annotation for each SNP on the 10 k microarray derived from Affymetrix internal validation studies.
Figure [1a](#F1){ref-type="fig"} shows a scatterplot between the RAS~av~estimates of allele frequencies for pooled DNA versus the allele frequency estimates from individual genotyping for 11,533 SNPs. The correlation between the pooled DNA and individual genotyping estimates is 0.901, indicating that RAS values can be used to provide a valid quantitative measure of allele frequency in pooled DNA. Nonetheless, the absolute mean difference between microarray estimates of pooled allele frequencies and NetAffx™ population allele frequencies was 0.094 but varies widely (Min 0.00, Max 0.619).
{#F1}
In Figure [1a](#F1){ref-type="fig"}, the allele frequency estimates from pooled DNA were not corrected for unequal amplification of the two alleles that can occur with pooled DNA. That is, when two alleles are present in equal amounts (as in heterozygous individuals), the allele measurements obtained should be of equal size or intensity. However, for to various reasons \[[@B19]\] equal representation of alleles may not occur.
This bias is corrected by applying a factor, *k*\[[@B20]\], where *k*= A/B, using the equation: A = A/(A+*k*B), where A and B are the measurements of the A and B alleles. *k*corrections for the SNPs on the Affymetrix 10 K microarray were available from a panel of 33 Caucasian individuals assayed on separate microarrays and applied to each SNP (see Methods).
The range of *k*values is very tight, with only a handful of outliers considering the enormous number of SNPs under investigation. 6,813 of 10,084 SNPs have *k*values ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 (we would expect *k*to be 1 if both alleles were being measured equally). The averaged *k*over 10,088 SNPs is 1.14, median = 0.94, max = 93, min = 0.0. It should be noted that in relation to a case-control study design, unless *k*is extreme and allele frequencies rare, *k*correction would not significantly impact on *relative*allele frequency differences between cases and controls, although *absolute*allele frequency estimates would alter. In other words, although *k*correction is needed to compare allelic frequency estimates from pooled DNA and individual genotyping, it is not needed for comparisons between cases and controls.
Figure [1b](#F1){ref-type="fig"} shows the tighter scatter around the line of best fit when the pooled estimates are *k-*corrected. The correlation between the pooled and individual genotyping estimates increased from 0.901 to 0.953. The mean difference between *k*-corrected microarray estimates and NetAffx™ is also attenuated from .094 to .064.
Validation: comparing allele frequencies for pooled DNA and individual genotyping
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition to using the NetAffx™ population data, we individually genotyped the 100 individuals used to construct the control pool for 104 SNPs. The results are shown in Figure [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}. As expected, the 104 SNP allele frequencies generated by the micorarrays are highly correlated (0.924) with the NetAffx™ population data, and correlate even better with the individual genotyping data for individuals in the pool (0.942). The mean difference between microarray estimates and individual genotyping was .077. When *k*correction was applied, the correlation between *k-*corrected microarray estimates and individual genotyping increased to 0.986, and the mean difference between *k-*corrected microarray estimates was attenuated from .077 to .036.
{#F2}
Estimation of experimental errors
---------------------------------
The previous analyses are based on RAS~av~values averaged across the 9 microarrays. In order to assess the technical reliability of deriving allele frequency estimates from the DNA pools, we compared RAS~av~for the three technical replicates within each DNA pool and between the three DNA pools. (See Figure [3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}.) As expected given the high correlation between pooled estimates and individual genotyping, correlations of RAS~av~values within pool triplicates are very high (0.945 to 0.968), as are correlations between pools (0.94 to 0.982). The dispersion of the RAS~av~values cross the nine control microarrays is encouragingly narrow: all but 19 SEMs are under 0.1 and 8,695 are 0.025 or less.
{#F3}
For those SNPs where we have RAS values across all 9 pools (*n*= 6077), the median standard deviation is .042. Using this figure to estimate the power of a hypothetical experiment where we have the same number of case pools, for a .05 significance level we would have 80% power to detect an allelic frequency difference of 0.05, and virtual certainty of detecting an allelic frequency difference of 0.10.
By fitting a random intercept model for each SNP to the 9 RAS~av~values, it is possible to estimate the variance components attributable to pool construction (τ) and the measurement error (σ). σ and τ are assumed to be independently normally distributed. The distribution of  is quite similar to the overall standard deviation (see figure [3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}) because tau is, as expected, quite small, ranging from 9 × 10^-7^to 2 × 10^-4^, with a median of 3 × 10^-5^. An estimate of 1 × 10^-4^has been made from comparable pools using different methods \[[@B21]\].
Sensitivity
-----------
The sensitivity of SNP-MaP was assessed empirically in a spiking experiment in which 15% and 20% of one individual\'s DNA was added to control pool D to create two new pools analogous to \'case\' pools. Each of the spiked pools was assessed on duplicate microarrays. The individual\'s DNA was also genotyped on a microarray in order to calculate the allelic frequencies of the spiked pools.
Based on the power calculations presented above, in this spiking experiment we would expect to have roughly 52% power to detect allelic frequency differences of 0.10 between the control and spiked pools. This is less than the power estimate from the control DNA pools because here we have only two replicates of each spiked pool, and nine replicates of the control pool, which is equivalent to having equal groups of *n*= 3.27 (the harmonic mean of 9 and 2). The expected differences in the spiked pool are dependent upon the original allele frequencies in the control pool because we used a fixed total amount of (i.e. the amount of pool DNA is reduced to make room for the spike DNA). For the SNPs where the expected allele frequency difference in the 15% and 20% spiked pools was more than 0.10 and we had complete data (*n*= 658), a significant *t*-test difference was observed for 379 SNPs (58%), supporting our predicted power calculations. As shown in Table 2, the observed and predicted differences between spiked (\'case\') and control correspond well on average over the entire frequency range, although the predicted allele frequency differences are greater than the observed differences. The expected allele frequencies are calculated from frequencies measured in the control pools, and are greatest for low frequency alleles, some of which appear low by chance due to measurement error. The apparent bias shown in table 2 is thus due to regression to the mean.
Discussion
==========
We have demonstrated that the SNP-MaP method can tackle the QTL problem of large samples and large numbers of SNPs. Specifically, allele frequencies can be accurately estimated from pooled DNA allelotyped on microarrays using the sophisticated allele-specific hybridisation method packaged in the commercially available Affymetrix GeneChip^®^system. The validity and sensitivity of the SNP-MaP method was shown by the correlation of 0.986 between estimates of allele frequency from pooled DNA and individual genotyping. The sensitivity \'spiking\' experiment confirmed these estimates, suggesting that case-control pool allele frequency differences on the order of 0.10 could be detected above the noise of measurement error using this method. With this level of sensitivity, the SNP-MaP approach should be able to detect QTLs of modest effect size if large samples are used. The benefit of DNA pooling is that large samples cost no more to genotype than small samples.
These results make it reasonable to proceed to case-control studies of complex traits. For example, we are using the SNP-MaP method in a large-scale study of children of low versus high reading ability. In an actual association study, sampling variation is added to the parameters considered in the present study which focused on technical replicates within and between DNA pools of the same group of individuals and compared allele frequency estimates for pooled DNA from this group of individuals to individual genotyping. However, in an actual association study, pooled DNA estimates are not compared within and between pools of the same individuals but rather between different pools consisting of different individuals. For this reason, in an actual association study, sampling variation would be considered and could be estimated parametrically by including in the design sub-pools of independent samples of cases and controls. This would permit the use of standard parametric statistics comparing the mean allelic frequencies of cases and controls in which *N*is the number of subpools. In addition, using at least two microarrays on each subpool would alleviate technical variation between microarrays and sub-pools. It should be emphasised that DNA pooling is best construed as nominating SNPs that are then confirmed with individual genotyping.
We have used the quantitative RAS values, designed to produce a robust allele call when assessed for individuals, to estimate allele frequencies for pooled DNA. It is likely that a more elegant way can be found to derive an allele frequency estimate from the 40 oligonucleotide probes present for each SNP (20 matches and 20 mis-matches). For example, it has been reported in a study of gene expression differences that increased power can be obtained by testing for differences for each probe rather than for differences averaged over the entire probe set level \[[@B22]\].
The tests used here were not corrected for multiple testing because the intent is to use this method not as a definitive analysis, but rather as a rapid initial screen to reduce the number of candidate SNPs to be submitted to individual genotyping for the large samples needed to detect QTLs of small effect size. With 10,000 SNPs, a large number of false positive results are expected by chance and so we recommend using a multi-stage replication design in order to balance false positives and false negatives in the selection of SNPs for individual genotyping \[[@B13]\].
Our analyses of SNP-MaP were based on the 10,000 SNP microarray, but should also be applicable to the 100 k Affymetrix GeneChip^®^system launched in June 2004 and the 500 k Affymetrix GeneChip^®^system scheduled for the end of 2005. Although the SNPs on the Affymetrix arrays are chosen on the basis of coverage of the whole genome (not on the basis of functionality or location in or near coding regions), 500,000 SNPS approaches a comprehensive genome scan for association based on linkage disequilibrium. The SNP-MaP approach will also be relevant to other types of SNP microarrays such as a microarray that emerges from the exon re-sequencing project at the Sanger Centre which aims to identify all nonsynonymous (nsSNPs), which are likely to be functional because the polymorphism involves an amino acid difference in translation. Microarrays with functional SNPs will facilitate direct association analyses with increased power as compared to indirect association analyses based on linkage disequilibrium \[[@B23]\].
Conclusion
==========
In summary, we have shown that the SNP-MaP method is a reliable and powerful approach to screen thousands of loci using large sample sizes. Employing case-control designs using SNP-MaP will speed-up the SNP nomination process for individual genotyping, and thus help detect SNPs of small effect size more efficiently.
Methods
=======
Samples
-------
The sample consisted of 100 Caucasian individuals (51 females and 49 males) randomly selected from an ongoing study of cognitive ability that is described elsewhere \[[@B24]\].
DNA quantification and pool construction
----------------------------------------
DNA samples were quantified using a spectrophotometer (260 nm), and diluted in Te buffer (0.1 mM EDTA, 10 mM Tris HCL, pH 8.0) to a target concentration of 100 ng/μl, before being quantified using fluorimetry (Picogreen^®^dsDNA quantitation reagent Cambridge Bioscience, U.K) and diluted further to a target concentration of 50 ng/μl (± 5%). Pools were constructed independently in triplicate by combining 50 ng of DNA from each individual, producing a final pool concentration of 35.5 ng/μl.
An aliquot of control pool D was reconstructed to form artificial \'case\' pools by replacing 15 and 20% of the pool sample with the same quantity of DNA of one genotyped individual (the spike). This changes the quantities of alleles present in a way that depends on their frequency in the pool and the genotype of the spike.
Validation of pool construction
-------------------------------
Three SNPs chosen from the microarray set were genotyped independently in duplicate on the three replicate control DNA pools, A, B and C using SNaPshot™, a commercially available dideoxynucleotide primer extension kit (PE applied biosystems). Electrophoresis of the samples was performed on an ABI Prism^®^3100 genetic analyser, analysed with Genotyper^®^3.7, and the allele frequencies derived from peak heights.
The correction factor, *k*, was calculated by individually genotyping seven known heterozygous individuals using the SNaPshot™ method for each of the three SNPs. The pooled allele frequency estimates were then corrected using the equation A = A/(A+*k*B), where A and B are the peak heights of alleles A and B respectively.
Individual genotyping
---------------------
104 randomly chosen SNPs from the microarray were genotyped in the 100 individuals that were used to construct the DNA control pool. The individual genotyping was outsourced to Kbiosciences, who use a mixture of competitive allele specific PCR (KASPar) and TaqMan genotyping assays <http://www.kbioscience.co.uk/>.
Genotyping DNA pools on the microarray
--------------------------------------
The individual spike DNA and 13 pooled DNA samples were genotyped using Affymetrix GeneChip^®^Mapping 10 K Array Xba 131. Standard procedures and default analysis parameters for individual DNA samples were employed, and each assay was independently amplified before hybridization. The scans were performed using GCOS V1.0 and the images (cel.files) were analyzed using GDAS V2.0.
Derivation of allele frequencies from pooled DNA
------------------------------------------------
The Affymetrix microarray uses a probe quartet as the basic unit for detecting different genotypes with a DNA sample. Each probe quartet consists of a perfect match (PM) and a mis-match (MM) probe for alleles A and B on both the sense and anti-sense strands. To make the genotyping more reliable, 7 probe quartets are used, with the polymorphic nucleotide having different shifts from the center of the 25-mer probe sequence. The best five quartets are used to create 40 hybridization intensity values.
A detection filter automatically blocks weak or unreliable signals by comparing the discrimination between perfect match and mis-match cells using the formula (PM-MM)/(PM + MM). Feature extraction processes the intensity values for all SNPs that pass the pre-determined discrimination threshold.
In feature extraction, PM probes for the sense strand of allele A (PM~A~) are corrected for the noise of non-specific hybridisation by averaging the mis-match values of both alleles (A and B) on the sense strand \[(MM~A~+ MM~B~)/2\] and subtracting this from the PM~A~value. This procedure for correcting the sense strand of allele A is repeated for the anti-sense strand of allele A, the sense strand of allele B and the anti-sense strand of allele B, resulting in four relative intensity values.
Relative allele signals (RAS) are then calculated for the sense (RAS1) and anti-sense strands (RAS2) using the formula \[PM~A~/ (PM~A~+ PM~B~)\]. This is done for each of the five quartets for each SNP and the median RAS1 and median RAS2 value is used to identify genotypes for individual DNA \[[@B25]\]. Plotting RAS1 scores against RAS2 scores, a clustering algorithm is used to determine individual genotypes. That is, if the two RAS values cluster near 0.0, they are identified as a BB homozygote; 0.5 for an AB heterozygote, and 1.0 for an AA homozygote. Affymetrix software (GDAS) incorporates empirically derived boundaries for each genotype\'s cluster, which is used to indicate genotypes; RAS scores falling outside these cluster boundaries are not assigned genotypes. For pooled DNA, we used only the detection filter, feature extraction processes, and RAS scores, disregarding the automated genotype calls. We used the average of the sense (RAS1) and anti-sense RAS2; RAS~av~as an estimate of allele frequency in the DNA pools.
As mentioned, a correction factor, *k*, is used to improve the accuracy of allele frequency estimates from pooled DNA. *k*was empirically derived from a panel of 33 individuals assayed on microarrays. *k*was calculated for each strand by dividing the mean of allele A (RAS1 or RAS2) by the mean of allele B (1 minus allele A). The mean of RAS1 and RAS2 was calculated by averaging a set of RAS1 and RAS2 scores from a panel of between 1 and 33 heterozygous individuals. In total, we obtained an estimate of *k*for 10,084 SNPs. Derivation and implementation of *k*in correcting pooled DNA estimates of allele frequency using microarrays are described in detail elsewhere \[[@B26]\].
Authors\' contributions
=======================
EM and LB constructed the DNA pools, performed the microarray assays (with assistance from LL and CF), statistical analysis (with LS), and drafted the manuscript (with LS). AC and VH performed the assays used to estimate k. RP, IC, LS and CF conceived and designed the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
######
Predicted and observed allele frequency differences. The predicted allele frequency differences are the differences we would expect to see based on the allele frequency estimates from the control pools and the genotype of the spiker. The observed allele frequency differences are the actual frequencies observed in the spiked pool as compared to the control pools. Number of SNPs range between 459 and 2621.
Predicted Observed N of observations
----------- ---------- -------------------
0.001 0.001 1116
0.010 0.007 2621
0.020 0.017 2478
0.030 0.024 2309
0.040 0.033 2043
0.050 0.042 1789
0.060 0.051 1450
0.070 0.062 1113
0.080 0.069 835
0.090 0.076 595
0.099 0.081 459
Acknowledgements
================
We are grateful to Geoff Scopes and Affymetrix U.K. for advice. This work was supported in part by U.K. Medical Research Council grant G9424799 and by Wellcome Trust grant GR07549.
|
Image caption Cameron (left) and Tyler Winklevoss want a larger settlement from Facebook
Three men who say Mark Zuckerberg stole the Facebook concept from them have asked a US appeals court to re-open a $65m (£42m) legal settlement signed in 2008 with the company.
Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss and Divya Narendra argue Facebook undervalued its share price when they struck the deal, depriving them of millions of dollars.
Facebook maintain that the claims for more money are without merit.
A decision on whether the case will be heard again is expected before April.
A lower court has already ruled the earlier accord was binding and should stand.
But if the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco gives the go ahead for the men's request to sue Facebook all over again, it would mean they can pursue Facebook for more money.
They will also hope to extract an admission that the idea for the site was stolen when Mr Zuckerberg did some work for them during their time at Harvard University.
Facebook agreed to the 2008 settlement to end "rancorous litigation" but did not admit Mr Zuckerberg had taken their idea.
Mr Zuckerberg, who was at Harvard with the three men, has always said Facebook was his creation.
Today it is the world's biggest social network with over 500m users, and Mr Zuckerberg is one of the world's youngest billionaires.
'Hottest start-up'
This long-running legal battle, which was immortalised by Hollywood in a hit movie last year, played out in an altogether different venue for the sequel.
Image caption Lawyer Jerome Falk said his clients should have been awarded more shares
The courtroom was told the $65m deal included $20m in cash and $45m in shares. Those shares are now worth roughly $140m.
The valuation used was one that put Facebook's worth at $15bn, based on an investment that had been made by software giant Microsoft.
Lawyers for the Winklevoss twins and Mr Narendra said it was discovered several months after signing the deal that Facebook had been internally valued at under $4bn.
Lead attorney Jerome Falk told the court that had that lower price been used as the basis for his clients' settlement, they would have been awarded four times the 1.25m shares they got.
In today's prices, that would add up to about $600m in share value.
Mr Falk said an accurate share price was not disclosed to the founders until after they signed the term sheet.
He argued that this information was material to the settlement and that Facebook had a duty to tell his clients about it.
Facebook's lawyers disagreed, saying the internal valuation was just one opinion and that the Winklevosses had had ample conflicting valuations of the company's shares before the mediation started.
They were not interested in pinning down a monetary value, said Joshua Rosenkranz, Facebook's lead attorney. "They were interested in owning a specified portion of the world's hottest start up," he said.
Arguments
For about an hour the three-judge panel heard arguments from both sides. They peppered the legal teams with a variety of questions ranging from the merits of mediation to points of law.
Senior Judge Clifford Wallace said that the twins had several lawyers representing them at the earlier settlement talks, and that that their father was a business expert, factors he suggested made it hard to believe that anyone took advantage of them.
"I agree my clients were not behind the barn door when brains were passed out," said Mr Falk, referring to the Winklevoss twins.
At the end of his arguments, Mr Rosenkranz said the three men had struck a deal that had made them rich and was making them richer by the day, and suggested it was time to move on.
Throughout the proceedings the Winklevoss twins, who are elite rowers and took a break from their training for the 2012 Olympics to attend, sat in the front row and remained stony-faced.
After the hearing they declined to comment except to say that they looked forward to the court's decision.
It was a sentiment echoed by Facebook.
"We appreciate the court's time and look forward to their ruling," said company spokesman Barry Schnitt.
A judgement is expected in two to three months. |
Excavated earths: Immoterre project by Bouygues TP and BRGM
Bouygues Travaux Publics and the BRGM are the partners of the Immoterre R&D project on sustainable management of excavated earths. They will present their partnership at the Pollutec Trade Fair.
Bouygues Travaux Publics and the BRGM will present their Immoterre partnership on sustainable management of excavated earths at the Pollutec Trade Fair 2018.
Underground workings for the Grand Paris Express metro line will produce some 43 million tonnes of excavated earth, including a substantial proportion of non-inert material, as defined for inert waste storage facilities, because they contain high natural concentrations of trace elements (selenium and molybdenum in particular).
The Immoterre project was developed in response to this issue. Bouygues Travaux Publics and the BRGM set up a partnership to work on the reuse of this surplus earth and optimised management of their environmentally sound removal from Grand Paris worksites.
Characterising and stabilising contaminants in excavated earths to optimise their management
Conducted through the BRGM Carnot Institute, which encourages scientific research under public-private partnerships, the Immoterre project is focusing on two lines of work: characterisation and stabilisation of contaminants. It aims to put forward two solutions.
One is for rapid analysis of trace elements found in excavated earth to ensure their appropriate disposal or reuse. This innovation will drastically reduce the time and costs of characterising materials and thus limit the need for temporary storage facilities.
The other is a solution to stabilise these trace elements and reduce their mobility and thus lower the costs of removing these materials with the option of transfer to inert waste disposal facilities. |
Silicon carbide is a perennial candidate for use as a semiconductor material. Silicon carbide has a wide bandgap (2.2 electron volts in the beta polytype, 2.8 in the 6H alpha), a high thermal coefficient, a low dielectric constant, and is stable at temperatures far higher than those at which other semiconductor materials such as silicon remain stable. These characteristics give silicon carbide excellent semiconducting properties, and electronic devices made from silicon carbide can be expected to perform at higher temperatures, and at higher radiation densities, than devices made from the presently most commonly used semiconductor materials such as silicon. Silicon carbide also has a high saturated electron drift velocity which raises the potential for devices which will perform at high speeds, at high power levels, and its high thermal conductivity permits high density device integration.
As is known to those familiar with solid state physics and the behavior of semiconductors, in order to be useful as a material from which useful electrical devices can be manufactured, the basic semiconductor material must have certain characteristics. In many applications, a single crystal is required, with very low levels of defects in the crystal lattice, along with very low levels of unwanted impurities. Even in a pure material, a defective lattice structure can prevent the material from being useful for electrical devices, and the impurities in any such crystal are preferably carefully controlled to give certain electrical characteristics. If the impurities cannot be controlled, the material is generally unsatisfactory for use in electrical devices.
Accordingly, the availability of an appropriate crystal sample of silicon carbide is a fundamental requirement for the successful manufacture of devices from silicon carbide which would have the desirable properties described above. Such a sample should be of a single desired crystal polytype (silicon carbide can form in at least 150 types of crystal lattices), must be of a sufficiently regular crystal structure of the desired polytype, and must be either substantially free of impurities, or must contain only those impurities selectively added to give the silicon carbide any desired n or p character.
Accordingly, and because the physical characteristics and potential uses for such silicon carbide have been recognized for some time, a number of researchers have suggested a number of techniques for forming crystalline silicon carbide.
These techniques generally fall into two broad categories, although it will be understood that some techniques are not necessarily so easily classified. The first technique is known as chemical vapor deposition ("CVD") in which reactant gases are introduced into some sort of system within which they form silicon carbide crystals upon an appropriate substrate. Novel and commercially significant improvements in such CVD techniques are discussed in currently co-pending applications which are assigned to the assignee of the present invention, "Growth of Beta-SiC Thin Films and Semiconductor Devices Fabricated Thereon." Ser. No. 113,921, filed Oct. 26, 1988; and "Homoepitaxial Growth of Alpha-SiC Thin Films and Semiconductor Devices Fabricated Thereon." Ser. No. 113,573, filed Oct. 26, 1988.
The other main technique for growing silicon carbide crystals is generally referred to as the sublimation technique. As the designation sublimation implies and described. sublimation techniques generally use some type of solid silicon carbide material other than a desired single crystal of a particular polytype, as a starting material, and then heat the starting material until solid silicon carbide sublimes. The vaporized material is then encouraged to condense, with the condensation intended to produce the desired crystals.
As is known to those familiar with the physical chemistry of solids, liquids and gases, crystal growth is encouraged when the seed or surface upon which a crystal is being formed is at a somewhat lower temperature than the fluid, either gas or liquid, which carries the molecules or atoms to be condensed.
One technique for producing solid silicon carbide when crystal-type impurity is of little consideration is the Acheson furnace process, which is typically used to produce silicon carbide for abrasive purposes. One of the first sublimation techniques of any practical usefulness for producing better crystals, however, was developed in the 1950's by J. A. Lely, one technique of whom is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,854,364. From a general standpoint, Lely's technique lines the interior of a carbon vessel with a silicon carbide source material. By heating the vessel to temperatures at which silicon carbide sublimes, and then allowing it to condense, recrystallized silicon carbide is encouraged to redeposit itself along the lining of the vessel. Although the Lely process can generally improve upon the quality of the source material, it has to date failed to produce on a consistant or repeatable basis, single crystals of silicon carbide suitable for electrical devices.
Hergenrother, U.S. Pat. No. 3,228,756, discusses another sublimation growth technique which utilizes a seed crystal of silicon carbide upon which other silicon carbide can condense to form the crystal growth. Hergenrother suggests that in order to promote proper growth, the seed crystal must be heated to an appropriate temperature, generally over 2000.degree. centigrade, in such a manner that the time period during which the seed crystal is at temperatures between 1800.degree. C. and 2000.degree. C. is minimized.
Ozarow, U.S. Pat. No. 3,236,780, discusses another unseeded sublimation technique which utilizes a lining of silicon carbide within a carbon vessel, and which attempts to establish a radial temperature gradient between the silicon carbide-lined inner portion of the vessel and the outer portion of the vessel.
Knippenberg, U.S. Pat. No. 3,615,930 and 3,962,406, discuss alternative attempts at growing silicon carbide in a desired fashion. The '930 patent discusses a method of growing p-n junctions in silicon carbide as a crystal grows by sublimation. According to the discussion in this patent, silicon carbide is heated in an enclosed space in the presence of an inert gas containing a donor-type dopant atom, following which the dopant material is evacuated from the vessel and the vessel is reheated in the presence of an acceptor dopant. This technique is intended to result in adjacent crystal portions having opposite conductivity types and forming a p-n junction.
In the '406 patent, Knippenberg discusses a three-step process for forming silicon carbide in which a silicon dioxide core is packed entirely within a surrounding mass of either granular silicon carbide or materials which will form silicon carbide when heated. The system is heated to a temperature at which a silicon carbide shell forms around the silicon dioxide core, and then further heated to vaporize the silicon dioxide from within the silicon carbide shell. Finally, the system is heated even further to encourage additional silicon carbide to continue to grow within the silicon carbide shell.
Vodadkof, U.S. Pat. No. 4,147,572, discusses a geometry-oriented sublimation technique in which solid silicon carbide source material and seed crystals are arranged in parallel close proximity relationship to one another.
Addamiano, U.S. Pat. No. 4,556,436, discusses a Lely-type furnace system for forming thin films of beta silicon carbide on alpha silicon carbide which is characterized by a rapid cooling from sublimation temperatures of between 2300.degree. centigrade and 2700.degree. centigrade to another temperature of less than 1800.degree. centigrade. Addamiano notes that large single crystals of cubic (beta) silicon carbide are simply not available and that growth of silicon carbide on other materials such as silicon or diamond is rather difficult.
Hsu, U.S. Pat. No. 4,664,944, discusses a fluidized bed technique for forming silicon carbide crystals which resembles a chemical vapor deposition technique in its use of non-silicon carbide reactants, but which includes silicon carbide particles in the fluidized bed, thus somewhat resembling a sublimation technique.
Some of the more important work in the silicon carbide sublimation techniques, however, is described in materials other than United States patents. For example, German (Federal Republic) Patent No. 3,230,727 to Siemens Corporation discusses a silicon carbide sublimation technique in which the emphasis of the dicussion is the minimization of the thermal gradient between silicon carbide seed crystal and silicon carbide source material. This patent suggests limiting the thermal gradient to no more than 20.degree. centigrade per centimeter of distance between source and seed in the reaction vessel. This patent also suggests that the overall vapor pressure in the sublimation system be kept in the range of between 1 and 5 millibar and preferably around 1.5 to 2.5 millibar.
This German technique, however, can be considered to be a refinement of techniques thoroughly studied in the Soviet Union, particularly by Y. M. Tairov; see e.g. General Principles of Growing Large-Size Single Crystals of Various Silicon Carbide Polytypes, J. Crystal Growth, 52 (1981)46-150, and Progress in Controlling the Growth of Polytypic Crystals, from Crystal Growth and Characterization of Polytype Structures, edited by P. Krishna, Pergammon Press, London, 1983, p. 111. Tairov points out the disadvantages of the Lely method, particularly the high temperatures required for crystal growth (2600.degree.-2700.degree. C.) and the lack of control over the resulting crystal polytype. As discussed with reference to some of the other investigators in patent literature, Tairov suggests use of a seed as a method of improving the Lely process. In particular, Tairov suggests controlling the polytype growth of the silicon carbide crystal by selecting seed crystals of the desired polytype or by growing the recondensed crystals on silicon carbide faces worked at an angle to the 0001 face of the hexagonal lattice. Tairov suggests axial temperature gradients for growth of between approximately 30.degree. and 40.degree. centigrade per centimeter.
In other studies, Tairov investigated the effects of adjusting various parameters on the resulting growth of silicon carbide, while noting that particular conclusions are difficult to draw. Tairov studied the process temperatures and concluded that growth process temperature was of relatively smaller importance than had been considered by investigators such as Knippenberg. Tairov likewise was unable to draw a conclusion as to the effect of growth rate on the formation of particular polytypic crystals, concluding only that an increase in crystal growth rate statistically corresponds to an increase in the percentage of disordered structured crystals. Tairov was similarly unable to draw any conclusions between vapor phase stoichiometry and crystal growth, but pointed out that certain impurities will favor the growth of particular silicon carbide polytype crystals. For example, high nitrogen concentrations favor cubic polytype silicon carbide crystals, aluminum and some other materials favor the growth of hexagonal 4H polytype, and oxygen contributes to the 2H polytype. Tairov concluded that no understanding of the mechanisms leading to these effects had yet been demonstrated.
In Tairov's experiments, he also attempted using silicon carbide single crystals of particular polytypes as the vapor source material and suggested that using such single crystals of particular polytypes as vapor sources could result in particular polytypes of crystal growth. Of course, it will be understood that although the use of single crystals as source materials is theoretically interesting, a more practical goal, particularly from a commercial standpoint, is the production of single crystals from more common sources of silicon carbide other than single crystals.
Finally, Tairov concluded that the treatment of the substrate surface upon which sublimation growth was directed could affect the growth of the resulting crystals. Nevertheless, the wide variety of resulting data led Tairov to conclude that additional unidentified factors were affecting the growth he observed in silicon carbide crystals, and these unknown factors prevented him from reaching a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of crystal growth.
Therefore, in spite of the long recognized characteristics of silicon carbide, and the recognition that silicon carbide could provide an outstanding, if not revolutionary, semiconductor material and resulting devices, and in spite of the thorough investigations carried out by a number of researchers including those mentioned herein, prior to the present invention there existed no suitable technique for repeatedly and consistently growing large single crystals of desired selected polytypes of silicon carbide.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for the controlled, repeatable growth of large single crystals of silicon carbide of desired polytypes.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of growing large single crystals of silicon carbide by controlling the polytype of the source material.
It is another object of this invention to provide a method of growing such silicon carbide single crystals using source materials other than single crystals of silicon carbide.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a method of growing such silicon carbide crystals by selecting source materials having a particular surface area.
It is another object of this invention to provide a method of growing large silicon carbide single crystals by selecting source materials with predetermined particle size distributions.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a method of growing such silicon carbide single crystals using sublimation techniques and in which the thermal gradient between the source materials and the seed is continuously adjusted to maintain the most favorable conditions possible for continued growth of silicon carbide crystals over longer time periods and into larger crystals than have previously ever been accomplished.
The foregoing and other objects, advantages and features of the invention, and the manner in which the same are accomplished will become more readily apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred and exemplary embodiments and wherein: |
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A. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device such as a reverse blocking IGBT (IGBT: insulated gate bipolar transistor). In particular, the invention relates to a manufacturing method whereby a separation layer of a reverse blocking IGBT is formed.
B. Description of the Related Art
FIGS. 18A to 18C, showing a heretofore known reverse blocking IGBT manufacturing method, are main portion manufacturing step sectional views shown in order of step. Herein, a reverse blocking IGBT with a blocking voltage of 1,200V is given as an example.
In FIG. 18A, front surface 92 of silicon wafer 91a (hereafter called simply “the wafer 91a”) with a thickness in the region of 400 μm is covered with mask 95 having apertures 96. Continuing, an impurity source (for example, a boron source) is applied to mask 95, and a long-time diffusion in the region of 300 hours is carried out at a high temperature of, for example, 1,300° C. Owing to the long-time diffusion, the impurity is introduced into wafer 91a through apertures 96, and thermal diffusion layers 97 exceeding 200 μm are formed.
Next, in FIG. 18B, surface structure 98 of a planar gate type reverse blocking IGBT is constructed on front surface 92 of wafer 91a. As shown in FIG. 19, surface structure 98 is configured of p-well layer 101, n-emitter layer 102, gate insulating film 103, gate electrode 104, interlayer insulating film 105, emitter electrode 106, and surface protecting film 107 of polyimide or the like. FIG. 19 is a detailed view of an E portion of FIG. 18B. Also, surface protecting film 107 is not shown in FIG. 18B.
Next, in FIG. 18C, the top of surface structure 98 is covered with resist 99 in order to protect surface structure 98. Continuing, back surface 93a of wafer 91a is ground by in the region of 200 μm so as to reach thermal diffusion layers 97, forming a thinned wafer 91. In this way, thermal diffusion layers 97 are continuous from the front to the back, and separation layers 100 of the reverse blocking IGBT are formed.
Also, in JP-A-2001-185727 (FIG. 27), it is described that, after a p-diffusion layer is formed on the front surface and a p-collector layer is formed on the back surface, grooves are formed by a machining and a chemical process from the back surface in such a way as to come into contact with the front surface p-diffusion layer, and the p-diffusion layer is formed on the side walls of the grooves and used as a separation layer. In this case, the p-collector layer and the p-diffusion layer formed on the side walls of the grooves are formed separately.
Also, in JP-A-2006-303410 (FIG. 1) and WO-2009-139417 (FIG. 1), it is described that, after separation grooves are formed from the back surface in such a way as to come into contact with a front surface diffusion layer, a p-diffusion layer formed in the grooves and a p-collector layer formed on the back surface are formed simultaneously.
Also, in JP-A-2005-93972 (FIG. 2), after forming a p-collector layer, grooves are formed in such a way as to make contact with the p-collector layer. It is described that a p-diffusion layer is formed on the side walls of the grooves and used as a separation layer. In this case, a thin p-layer forming the collector layer and a deep p-layer formed on the side walls of the grooves are formed separately.
Also, in JP-A-2004-336008 (FIG. 1), it is described that grooves are formed after a p-collector layer is formed, an impurity is diffused from the grooves, and this diffusion layer is linked to the p-collector layer and used as a separation layer. The separation layer is formed farther to the inside of the chip than the dicing line.
Also, in JP-A-2009-177039 (FIG. 7), an ion implantation is carried out into the back surface, forming a p-collector layer, and then the wafer is diced into chips. It is described that the chips are stacked together, and an ion implantation is carried out into a side surface thereof, forming a separation layer.
With the heretofore known manufacturing method shown in FIGS. 18A to 18C, as separation layers 100 are formed only by a thermal diffusion of an impurity diffusion from front surface 92, it is difficult to form thick separation layers, and it is difficult to increase the blocking voltage of the device. As previously described, with the 1,200V class, the thickness of wafer 91 is in the region of 200 μm, and in order to form the thick separation layers 100, a long-time thermal diffusion of in the region of 300 hours at a high temperature in the region of 1,300° C. is necessary. When carrying out a long-time thermal diffusion at this kind of high temperature, oxygen enters the high resistance wafer necessary for an increase in blocking voltage. The oxygen becomes a donor, reducing the resistance, and causing a disadvantage such as a reduction in the blocking voltage of the reverse blocking IGBT.
Also, as a long time in the region of 300 hours (approximately two weeks) is necessary for one thermal process, throughput is extremely poor, leading to a reduction in productivity. Next, problems with the previously described JP-A-2001-185727 (FIG. 27), JP-A-2006-303410 (FIG. 1), WO-2009-139417 (FIG. 1), JP-A-2005-93972 (FIG. 2), JP-A-2004-336008 (FIG. 1), and JP-A-2009-177039 (FIG. 7) will be described.
In JP-A-2001-185727 (FIG. 27), as the fabrication of the grooves is carried out by a machining and a chemical process, there is no description of an anisotropic etching utilizing the crystal orientation.
In JP-A-2006-303410 (FIG. 1) and WO-2009-139417 (FIG. 1), as the p-diffusion layer of the grooves and the p-collector layer are formed simultaneously, it is not possible to optimize both the impurity concentration of the groove diffusion layer and the impurity concentration of the p-collector layer. For example, when the impurity concentration of the groove diffusion layer is optimized, the tradeoff between the turn-on voltage and switching loss deteriorates. Also, when the impurity concentration of the p-collector layer is optimized, it is difficult to ensure the blocking voltage. Also, as the grooves are formed from the back side to near the front surface, the mechanical strength of the wafer is low, and it may break when handling.
In JP-A-2005-93972 (FIG. 2), as deep grooves are formed from the front surface side reaching the p-collector layer on the back surface side, the mechanical strength of the wafer is low, and it may break when handling.
In JP-A-2004-336008 (FIG. 1), as the dicing line is on the outer side of the separation layer, the chips increase in size, and the chip cost increases.
In JP-A-2009-177039 (FIG. 7), as the chips are stacked after dicing and an ion implantation is carried out into a side surface thereof, it may happen that the surfaces of the chips are scratched, leading to a reduction in device performance.
Furthermore, in JP-A-2001-185727 (FIG. 27) to JP-A-2009-177039 (FIG. 7), there is no description to the effect that “Grooves are formed by an anisotropic etching with an alkaline solution from the back surface side in such a way as to come into contact with the thermal diffusion layers formed from the front surface side. Continuing, the thermal diffusion layers are formed on the inner walls of the grooves, and separation layers are formed from the thermal diffusion layers and in-groove diffusion layers. Furthermore, an ion implantation for forming the in-groove diffusion layers and an ion implantation for forming the back surface collector layer are carried out separately”.
The present invention is directed to overcoming or at least reducing the effects of one or more of the problems set forth above. |
The present invention relates to a booster circuit, a semiconductor device, and a display device.
A liquid crystal display device including an electro-optical device may be used as a display device. The size and current consumption of an electronic instrument can be reduced by providing a liquid crystal display device in the electronic instrument.
A high voltage is necessary for driving the liquid crystal display device. Therefore, it is preferable that a driver integrated circuit (IC) (semiconductor device in a broad sense) which drives the electro-optical device includes a power supply circuit which generates a high voltage from the viewpoint of cost. In this case, the power supply circuit includes a booster circuit. The booster circuit generates an output voltage Vout for driving a liquid crystal by boosting a voltage between a high-potential-side system power supply voltage VDD and a low-potential-side ground power supply voltage VSS. |
Theron found freedom in comedy
Charlize Theron has revealed she "begged" Seth MacFarLane to cast her in his comedy western A Million Ways To Die In The West.
The Oscar-winning actress admitted she had struggled to be offered comedy roles after 20 years of dark dramas and action thrillers, and found the light-hearted role freeing.
Charlize said: "I've been interested in comedy for a while, but it's been tricky because audiences know me so well doing something very different.
"In fact, what also interests me is odd comedy. Those are very rare. The combination of this script and Seth directing was a slam dunk for me. I started begging instantly. I closed the script and started begging."
The 38-year-old South African star - who shaved her head for the upcoming Mad Max film and piled on the pounds for her Oscar-winning performance as serial killer Aileen Wuornos in 2003's Monster - revealed she felt like her comedy character was closest to her real self.
"I loved watching this movie, because it felt like I was actually seeing myself," she revealed.
"There was something refreshing after 20 years of doing this; watching a movie, seeing and hearing myself and feeling like that was enough to tell that narrative - that there's nothing wrong with that."
Ipsoregulated
This website and associated newspapers adhere to the Independent Press Standardards Organisations's Editors' Code of Practice. If you have a compaint about editorial content which relates to inaccuracy or intrusion, then please contact the editor here. If you are dissatisfied with the response provided you can contact IPSO here |
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