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Every inertial body perceives itself to be at the center of the explosion of matter (see observable universe), and sees the local universe as homogeneous and isotropic in the sense of the cosmological principle. Unless the universe modeled has zero density, Milne's proposal does not follow the predictions of general re... | [
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The horizon arises naturally from length contraction seen in special relativity which is a consequence of the speed of light upper bound for physical objects. In Milne's universe, the velocities of objects approach this upper bound while the distance to these objects approaches the speed of light multiplied by the time... | [
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In computer science, a grid file or bucket grid is a point access method which splits a space into a non-periodic grid where one or more cells of the grid refer to a small set of points. Grid files (a symmetric data structure) provide an efficient method of storing these indexes on disk to perform complex data lookups.... | [
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All records in a bucket can be indexed by either their city (which is the same for all records in the bucket), and the streets in that city whose names begin with the same letter. A grid file can be used to provide an efficient index for this structure, where records come in groupings of 26, each of them relating to st... | [
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The cells in the grid file would then consist of a city header, and six (one for each continent, not including Antarctica) groupings of 26 cells relating to the streets with the same starting letter, in the same city, on the same continent and could now be thought of as a three-dimensional array. Advantages
Since a sin... | [
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SYN cookie is a technique used to resist SYN flood attacks. The technique's primary inventor Daniel J. Bernstein defines SYN cookies as "particular choices of initial TCP sequence numbers by TCP servers." In particular, the use of SYN cookies allows a server to avoid dropping connections when the SYN queue fills up. In... | [
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SYN cookies are initial sequence numbers that are carefully constructed according to the following rules:
let t be a slowly incrementing timestamp (typically logically right-shifted 6 positions, which gives a resolution of 64 seconds)
let m be the maximum segment size (MSS) value that the server would have stored i... | [
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Decodes the value m from the 3-bit encoding in the SYN cookie, which it then can use to reconstruct the SYN queue entry. From this point forward, the connection proceeds as normal. Drawbacks
The use of SYN cookies does not break any protocol specifications, and therefore should be compatible with all TCP implementation... | [
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In this case, the client assumes that the connection was established successfully and waits for the server to send its protocol banner, or resend the SYN+ACK packet; however, the server is not aware of the session and will not resend the SYN+ACK because it discarded the backlog queue entry that would enable it to do so... | [
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The original Linux kernel implementation misunderstood this part of Bernstein's description and used a single global variable to switch on SYN cookies for all ports; this was pointed out by a research student and subsequently fixed in . History
The technique was created by Daniel J. Bernstein and Eric Schenk in Septemb... | [
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A self-extracting archive (SFX or SEA) is a computer executable program which contains compressed data in an archive file combined with machine-executable program instructions to extract this information on a compatible operating system and without the necessity for a suitable extractor to be already installed on the t... | [
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Self-extracting archives cannot self-extract under a different operating system but most often can still be opened with a suitable extractor as this tool will disregard the executable part of the file and instead extract only the archive resource. In some cases this requires the self-extracting executable to be renamed... | [
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The decompression routines will be different for a LZMA 7z archive when compared with a LZMA2 7z archive, for example. Several programs can create self-extracting archives. For Windows there is WinZip, WinRAR, 7-Zip, WinUHA, KGB Archiver, Make SFX, the built-in IExpress wizard and many others, some experimental. For Ma... | [
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This is because most modern Word Processor file formats now involve a certain level of compression already). Self-extracting archives also extend the advantages of compressed archives to users who do not have the necessary programs installed on their computer to otherwise extract their contents, but are running a compa... | [
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One protection against this is to open it with an archive manager instead of executing it (losing the minor advantage of self-extraction); the archive manager will either report the file as not an archive or will show the underlying metadata of the executable file - a strong indication that the file is not actually a s... | [
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See also
Installer
Self-booting disk
Shar
Kolmogorov complexity, a theoretical lower bound on the size of a self-extracting archive
References
External links
http://www.winzip.com
http://www.7-zip.org
http://www.jackmccarthy.com/malware/WinRAR_Archive_Creation.htm (About SFX)
http://hem.bredband.net/magli143/... | [
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Davis Wolfgang Hawke (1978–2017) was a spammer who was sued by AOL in 2004 under the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003. Previously, in 1999 he started two neo-Nazi groups to make the "final solution a reality." He has been dubbed by the press as the "spam Nazi." Hawke was found shot to death as an unknown victim in Squamish in 201... | [
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Over the years, Hawke used numerous aliases, even among his closest friends and business associates. During his time as a neo-Nazi, he referred to himself as Bo Decker. As a spammer, he typically went by aliases including Walter Cross, Johnny Durango, and Dave Bridger. At a chess tournament in 2001, Hawke met Braden (B... | [
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Hawke was found shot to death and burned in his vehicle in Squamish in 2017, where he had been living as a dirtbag climber under an assumed identity since 2006, but was not identified until October of 2020. Hawke's rise and fall as a spammer was chronicled in the 2004 book Spam Kings, in which he is the central case s... | [
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A tree sort is a sort algorithm that builds a binary search tree from the elements to be sorted, and then traverses the tree (in-order) so that the elements come out in sorted order. Its typical use is sorting elements online: after each insertion, the set of elements seen so far is available in sorted order. Tree sort... | [
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However, tree sort algorithms require separate memory to be allocated for the tree, as opposed to in-place algorithms such as quicksort or heapsort. On most common platforms, this means that heap memory has to be used, which is a significant performance hit when compared to quicksort and heapsort. When using a splay tr... | [
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External links
Tree Sort of a Linked List
Tree Sort in C++
Sorting algorithms
Online sorts | [
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Michael Thoreau Lacey (born September 26, 1959) is an American mathematician. Lacey received his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1987, under the direction of Walter Philipp. His thesis was in the area of probability in Banach spaces, and solved a problem related to the law of the iterated l... | [
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Cryptography is the practice and study of encrypting information, or in other words, securing information from unauthorized access. There are many different cryptography laws in different nations. Some countries prohibit export of cryptography software and/or encryption algorithms or cryptoanalysis methods. Some countr... | [
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Exportation and importation of cryptographic tools to or from foreign countries must be either declared (when the other country is a member of the European Union) or requires an explicit authorization (for countries outside the EU). United States
In the United States, the International Traffic in Arms Regulation rest... | [
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Curves International, also known as Curves for Women, Curves Fitness, or just Curves, is an international fitness franchise co-founded by Gary and Diane Heavin in 1992. As of May 31, 2019, Curves lists 367 franchise locations open in the United States on their Facebook page. In 2012, North Castle Partners, a private eq... | [
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According to Curves International Inc's fact sheet, Curves achieved 6,000 franchises in 7 years. Curves facilities are located in 39 countries, including the United States, Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. Curves is known as FitCurves in Ukraine, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Czech Republic. In... | [
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Response to COVID-19
Like many gym and health club chains, Curves was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with many clubs in the US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand closing temporarily or permanently. To manage the crisis and enable members to continue working out, Curves was able to offer their 30-minut... | [
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The contributions were given to three groups, Family Practice Center of McLennan County ($3.75 million), McLennan County Collaborative Abstinence Project ($275,000) and Care Net ($1 million.) Numerous blogs picked up the Rosen's version of the story, and several other articles on the subject subsequently appeared in ot... | [
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The plaintiffs claimed that Heavin cheated them out of their share of profits by him and Roger Schmidt pressuring them to sign a buyout contract allotting them a fraction of what they might have earned. Most of the plaintiffs were hired as independent sales reps after Curves had already opened hundreds of locations. Th... | [
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Paul Dourish (born 1966) is a computer scientist best known for his work and research at the intersection of computer science and social science. Born in Scotland, he holds the Steckler Endowed Chair of Information and Computer Science at the University of California, Irvine, where he joined the faculty in 2000,
and w... | [
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He has held visiting positions at Intel, Microsoft, Stanford University, MIT, the IT University of Copenhagen, and the University of Melbourne. Work
His published work is primarily in the areas of Human-Computer Interaction, Computer supported cooperative work, and Ubiquitous computing. He is the author of over 100 s... | [
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At UC Irvine, Dourish is also a member of:
The divisional council of the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology
The Center for Cyber-Security and Privacy
The Institute for Software Research
The Center for Organizational Research
The Center for Computer Games and Virtual Worlds
The Center... | [
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This includes work under ubiquitous computing (ubicomp), computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW), and Social Studies of Science and Technology. Dourish combines this technical research with sociology, anthropology, and cultural studies in an effort that he calls "embodied interaction." One of Dourish's most recogniz... | [
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For example, his work on postcolonial computing has tried to unpack how assumptions about technology and knowledge drawn from Western or industrialized nation experiences create shape (or misshape) technology design. In the process, he has worked with indigenous Australian people, Chinese gamers, mobility between Thail... | [
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His third book, "The Stuff of Bits: An Essay on the Materialities of Information," explores the "material arrangements” of various digital objects—that is, how information is represented and interpreted. Through a series of case studies, featuring digital artifacts and practices such as emulation, spreadsheets, databas... | [
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See also
Lucy Suchman
Terry Winograd
Mark Weiser
Bonnie Nardi
Genevieve Bell
Béatrice Galinon-Mélénec
Critical technical practice
Selected bibliography
Dourish, P. 2001. Where the Action Is: The Foundations of Embodied Interaction. Cambridge: MIT Press. Dourish, P. 2004. What We Talk About When We Talk About C... | [
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Grupo Editorial Vid (also known as Vid or Mundo Vid) was a Mexican comic, manga and books publisher. It was funded in the early 1940s as Editorial Argumentos (EDAR). Many of their books are sold from around 30 pesos for comics up to 60 Pesos for manga (approximately US$5–6). Both comics and manga are released monthly. ... | [
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Jefferson Y. "Jeff" Han (born 1975) is a computer scientist who worked for New York University's (NYU) Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences until 2006. He is one of the main developers of "multi-touch sensing", which, unlike older touch-screen interfaces, is able to recognize multiple points of contact. Han also ... | [
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Honors
Han was named to Time magazine's 2008 listing of the "100 Most Influential People in The World". References
External links
Jeff Han's Multitouch Demo (II) (2007Mar21)
Jeff Han: A year later (Wired Magazine)
Jeff Han demonstrating multi-touch interface on big screen
Jeff Han's 10 min Talk at TED Conference (... | [
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Natural Computing is a scientific journal covering natural computing research. It has been published quarterly by Springer Verlag (Springer Netherlands) in print () and online () since 2002. "Natural Computing refers to computational processes observed in nature, and human-designed computing inspired by nature ... mole... | [
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Groupement des cartes bancaires CB ("CB Bank card Group"), also known as simply CB, is France's national interbank network, with over 46,000 ATMs and over 1 million EFTPOS acceptance points. Carte Bleue VISA is a brand often associated with CB. In fact, all Carte Bleue cards are part of CB but not all CB cards are Cart... | [
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CyberTracker is software from a South African non-profit company, CyberTracker Conservation, that develops handheld data capture solutions. The software was first developed as a way to allow illiterate animal trackers to communicate their environmental observations. A prototype was used in 2002 to record details of ani... | [
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AvantGo was a technology company focused on bringing a full W3C-compliant browser experience to intermittently-connected mobile devices such as the personal digital assistants (PDAs) and extremely early smartphones of that time period. Their browser could work with a live internet connection, but their core technology ... | [
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Starting in June 2008, AvantGo displayed on their main page and on the device web browser that all synchronization and channel services would be shut down on June 30, 2009. In 2009, the AvantGo service was owned and operated by Sybase 365, a subsidiary of Sybase, Inc. It became a managed ad insertion platform focused o... | [
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META II is a domain-specific programming language for writing compilers. It was created in 1963–1964 by Dewey Val Schorre at UCLA. META II uses what Schorre called syntax equations. Its operation is simply explained as:
Each syntax equation is translated into a recursive subroutine which tests the input string for a ... | [
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META II like other programming languages would overflow its stack attempting left recursion. META II uses a $ (zero or more) sequence operator. The expr parsing equation written in META II is a conditional expression evaluated left to right:
expr = term
$( '+' term .OUT('ADD')
/ '-' term .OUT('SUB'));
Ab... | [
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The $, loop operator, is used to match zero or more of something:
expr = term $( '+' term .OUT('ADD')
/ '-' term .OUT('SUB')
);
The above can be expressed in English: An expr is a term followed by zero or more of (plus term or minus term). Schorre describes this as being an aid to efficienc... | [
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expr = term
$('+' term .OUT('ADD')
/'-' term .OUT('SUB'));
term = factor
$('*' factor .OUT('MPY')
/ '/' factor .OUT('DIV'));
factor = (.ID .OUT('LD ' *)
/ .NUM .OUT('LDL ' *)
/ '(' expr ')')
( '^' factor .OUT('XPN'/.EMPTY);
In the above .ID and .NUM are built-i... | [
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The paper included a listing of the description of Meta II, this could in principle be processed manually to yield an interpretable program in virtual machine opcodes; if this ran and produced identical output then the implementation was correct. META II was basically a proof of concept. A base from which to work. META... | [
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The Clié PEG-TH55 is a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) which was manufactured by Sony. The PEG-TH55 ran Palm OS (version 5) and featured a built-in camera, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth on non-US versions and an MP3/Atrac Player. Specifications
Palm OS: 5.2.1
CPU: 123 MHz Sony Handheld Engine
Memory: 32MB
Display: 320 x 480, 16bi... | [
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Stephen H. Schanuel (14 July 1933 – 21 July 2014) was an American mathematician working in the fields of abstract algebra and category theory, number theory, and measure theory. Life
While he was a graduate student at University of Chicago, he discovered Schanuel's lemma, an essential lemma in homological algebra. Scha... | [
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The Reel Top 40 Radio Repository, sometimes called REELRADIO, is a virtual museum of radio broadcasts, primarily airchecks from the "Top 40" era of radio in North America. The archives are available by streaming. Established in 1996 as the first online airchecks archive, it was transferred to a dedicated not-for-profit... | [
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Uncle Ricky's Reel Top 40 Radio Repository was one of five Radio category nominees for the 1998 Webby Awards, and an article titled "Radio Patter From The Past: Vintage D.J's Rock On" was published on The New York Times on May 9, 2002. After SNA was sold to PSINet, the not-for-profit corporation REELRADIO, Inc. was for... | [
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Like the surveys printed by top 40 radio stations in their heyday, the Reelradio Fab 40 list showed an entry's current position on the list, what its position was for each of the previous three weeks, and how many weeks it had been in the Fab 40 list. By 2016, the web site stated that the membership fee would cover jus... | [
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This site was offline for almost 3 months until the site returned to normal operations in August 2018. However, there will be no new exhibits for the foreseeable future according to the site's front page. Uncle Ricky
Richard Warren "Uncle Ricky" Irwin (January 8, 1951 – June 7, 2018) grew up in Concord, North Carolina ... | [
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The Komar mass (named after Arthur Komar) of a system is one of several formal concepts of mass that are used in general relativity. The Komar mass can be defined in any stationary spacetime, which is a spacetime in which all the metric components can be written so that they are independent of time. Alternatively, a st... | [
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For the Schwarzschild metric, this correction factor is just , the "red-shift" or "time dilation" factor at distance r. One may also view this factor as "correcting" the local force to the "force at infinity", the force that an observer at infinity would need to apply through a string to hold the particle stationary. ... | [
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In a Schwarzschild coordinate system, for example, we find that
as expected - we have simply re-derived the previous results presented in a frame-field in a coordinate basis. We define
so that in our Schwarzschild example:
We can, if we desire, derive the accelerations ab and the adjusted "acceleration at infi... | [
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A lengthy, but straightforward (with computer algebra) calculation from our assumed line element shows us that
Thus we can write
In any vacuum region of space-time, all components of the Ricci tensor must be zero. This demonstrates that enclosing any amount of vacuum will not change our volume integral. It also mean... | [
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The Killing vector is normalized so that it has a unit length at infinity, i.e. so that at infinity. Note that replaces in our motivational result. If none of the metric coefficients are functions of time,
While it is not necessary to choose coordinates for a stationary space-time such that the metric coefficient... | [
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The formula for the Komar mass in terms of the metric and its Killing vector is (Wald, 1984, pg 289, formula 11.2.9)
where are the Levi-civita symbols and is the Killing vector of our stationary metric, normalized so that at infinity. The surface integral above is interpreted as the "natural" integral of a two form... | [
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The concept of mass in general relativity (GR) is more complex than the concept of mass in special relativity. In fact, general relativity does not offer a single definition of the term mass, but offers several different definitions that are applicable under different circumstances. Under some circumstances, the mass o... | [
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While in certain situations it is possible to rewrite the equations so that part of the "gravitational energy" now stands alongside the other source terms in the form of the stress–energy–momentum pseudotensor, this separation is not true for all observers, and there is no general definition for obtaining it. How, the... | [
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In a way, the ADM energy measures all of the energy contained in spacetime, while the Bondi energy excludes those parts carried off by gravitational waves to infinity. Great effort has been expended on proving positivity theorems for the masses just defined, not least because positivity, or at least the existence of a ... | [
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Eventually, the hope is to use a suitable defined quasi-local mass to give a more precise formulation of the hoop conjecture, prove the so-called Penrose inequality for black holes (relating the black hole's mass to the horizon area) and find a quasi-local version of the laws of black hole mechanics. Types of mass in g... | [
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Of the two definitions, the description of Komar mass in terms of a time translation symmetry provides the deepest insight. ADM and Bondi masses in asymptotically flat space-times
If a system containing gravitational sources is surrounded by an infinite vacuum region, the geometry of the space-time will tend to appro... | [
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Hence when one assumes that the system is quasi-static, one assumes that there is no significant energy present in the form of "gravitational waves". When one assumes that the system is in "nearly-flat" space-time, one assumes that the metric coefficients are essentially Minkowskian within acceptable experimental err... | [
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Noether's theorem has been extremely influential in inspiring and unifying various ideas of mass, system energy, and system momentum in General Relativity. As an example of the application of Noether's theorem is the example of stationary space-times and their associated Komar mass. (Komar 1959). While general space-ti... | [
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Like the SPI group at spatial infinity, the BMS group at null infinity is infinite-dimensional, and it also has a preferred 4-parameter subgroup of "pure" translations. Another approach to the problem of energy in General Relativity is the use of pseudotensors such as the Landau–Lifshitz pseudotensor. (Landau and Lifsh... | [
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Golden Entertainment is an American gaming company based in Enterprise, Nevada that operates casinos, taverns and slot routes. It was formed in 2015 by the merger of Golden Gaming (founded in 2001 by Blake Sartini) and Lakes Entertainment. It is the largest tavern operator and largest slot route operator in Nevada. In ... | [
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Golden Gaming agreed in November 2007 to buy the Saddle West casino in Pahrump from Anthony Marnell III and Sher Gaming, but canceled the deal the following June, deciding instead to focus on the Pahrump Nugget, where it began an $11 million expansion and remodeling. In 2010, Golden Gaming agreed to take over operation... | [
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In October 2017, Golden Entertainment acquired American Casino & Entertainment Properties for $850 million, which expanded the company's casino portfolio by four: the Stratosphere, Arizona Charlie's Boulder, Arizona Charlie's Decatur and the Aquarius Casino Resort. The following year, the company announced a $140 milli... | [
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Divisions
Golden Casino Group
Aquarius Casino Resort — Laughlin, Nevada
Arizona Charlie's Boulder — Las Vegas, Nevada
Arizona Charlie's Decatur — Las Vegas, Nevada
Edgewater Hotel and Casino — Laughlin, Nevada
Gold Town Casino — Pahrump, Nevada
Lakeside Hotel & Casino — Pahrump, Nevada
Pahrump Nugget Hotel & G... | [
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lonelygirl15 was a web series that was released on YouTube from June 16, 2006 to August 1, 2008. Initially presented as an authentic video diary, it gained wide media attention in September 2006 when the show was revealed to be fictional. The plot began with the mundane life of a teenage girl; the narrative became incr... | [
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New videos appeared, eventually at the rate of four to five clips a week, first on YouTube and lg15.com, and later on MySpace. As of July 2008, the series had more than 110 million combined views. As of March 2021, the series had more than 304 million views. lonelygirl15 has generated a number of spin-off shows. Its fi... | [
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lonelygirl15), a bubbly teenage girl whose trait positive blood makes her the target of a dangerous cult called the Order. She gained a large following on YouTube due to her quirky video blogs. Yousef Abu-Taleb as Daniel Barlow (a.k.a. Danielbeast), Bree's best friend, who only wishes to protect her, but is often distr... | [
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She grows up significantly during her battle for her life against the Order, and goes out of her way to try to protect her friends. Melanie Merkosky as Jennie, a former Lullaby Project employee who becomes friends with Sarah. She begins a romantic affair with Jonas and gives the TAAG an insight on how the Order's struc... | [
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In early August 2006, a fan began a discussion at the previously stagnant www.lonelygirl15.com message boards and raised an investigation into who or what was behind lonelygirl15. Soon the message board became full of discussion about even the tiniest details in each of her videos, everything from the quality of the li... | [
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Software engineer Grant Steinfeld was also involved in this project, as a photographer. Amanda Solomon Goodfried assisted in their efforts to hide their identities as well as posed as "Bree"'s online alter-ego. Goodfried's father-in-law, Kenneth Goodfried, handled various legal matters. The personnel involved worked un... | [
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OpAphid began in late September with what many speculated was a well-produced fan effort, and this announcement merged its characters OpAphid, Tachyon, and 10033/Brother, into the series storyline and continuity. In early February 2007, it was revealed that Glenn Rubenstein was the original puppetmaster behind the OpAp... | [
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On August 3, 2007, Season One of lonelygirl15 celebrated its finale with an exclusive on MySpaceTV known as "12 in 12" where 12 videos were uploaded over the course of 12 hours from 8 am PST to 7 pm PST, culminating in the highest one-day viewership ever for the series. A "summary" video from the first season was offer... | [
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See also
Mumblecore
Marble Hornets
Footnotes
References
External links
2006 web series debuts
2008 web series endings
Internet hoaxes
Internet memes
American drama web series
Nonexistent people used in hoaxes
YouTube original programming
Vlogs-related YouTube channels
Viral videos
American teen drama telev... | [
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Stephen Paul Morse (born May 1940) is the architect of the Intel 8086 chip and is the originator of the "One Step" search page tools used by genealogists. Early life
Morse was born at Brooklyn, New York. He has degrees in electrical engineering from the City College of New York, the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn a... | [
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Java Embedding Plugin (JEP) enables Java on Mac OS X with non-Safari browsers. This plugin is shipped with Firefox 1.5 on, and all recent versions of SeaMonkey and Camino. The latest released version, 0.9.7.5, requires Mac OS X 10.4.11 or higher. History
Originally for the PowerPC based Macs, a port to Intel x86 was n... | [
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In computing, a DBM is a library and file format providing fast, single-keyed access to data. A key-value database from the original Unix, dbm is an early example of a NoSQL system. History
The original dbm library and file format was a simple database engine, originally written by Ken Thompson and released by AT&T in ... | [
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Implementations
The original AT&T dbm library has been replaced by its many successor implementations. Notable examples include:
ndbm ("new dbm"), based on the original dbm with some new features. GDBM ("GNU dbm"), GNU rewrite of the library implementing ndbm features and its own interface. Also provides new features... | [
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Availability
As of 2001, the ndbm implementation of DBM was standard on Solaris and IRIX, whereas gdbm is ubiquitous on Linux. The Berkeley DB implementations were standard on some free operating systems. After a change of licensing of the Berkeley DB to GNU AGPL in 2013, projects like Debian have moved to LMDB. Relia... | [
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Southern Quechua (, ), or simply Quechua (Qichwa or Qhichwa), is the most widely spoken of the major regional groupings of mutually intelligible dialects within the Quechua language family, with about 6.9 million speakers. It is also the most widely spoken indigenous language in the Americas. The term Southern Quechua ... | [
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The most salient distinction between Ayacucho Quechua and the others is that it lacks the aspirated (tʃʰ, pʰ, tʰ, kʰ, qʰ) and ejective (tʃʼ, pʼ, tʼ, kʼ, qʼ) series of stop consonants. The other varieties of Bolivia and Southern Peru taken together have been called Cusco–Collao Quechua (or "Qusqu–Qullaw"); however, they... | [
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The following letters are used for the inherited Quechua vocabulary and for loanwords from Aymara:
a, ch, chh, ch', h, i, k, kh, k', l, ll, m, n, ñ, p, ph, p', q, qh, q', r, s, t, th, t', u, w, y. Instead of "sh" (appearing in the northern and central Quechua varieties), "s" is used. Instead of "ĉ" (appearing in the Qu... | [
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Their large number of suffixes changes both the overall meaning of words and their subtle shades of meaning. All varieties of Quechua are very regular agglutinative languages, as opposed to isolating or fusional ones [Thompson]. Their normal sentence order is SOV (subject–object–verb). Notable grammatical features inc... | [
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ch'usaq (0), huk (1), iskay (2), kimsa (3), tawa (4), pichqa (5), suqta (6), qanchis (7), pusaq (8), isqun (9), chunka (10), chunka hukniyuq (11), chunka iskayniyuq (12), iskay chunka (20), pachak (100), waranqa (1,000), hunu (1,000,000), lluna (1,000,000,000,000). Ordinal numbers. To form ordinal numbers, the word ñiq... | [
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(translation)
|-
| suffix indicating number
| plural
| -kuna
| wasikuna
| houses
|-
| rowspan=7 | possessive suffix
| 1.person singular
| -y, -:
| wasiy, wasii
| my house
|-
| 2.person singular| -yki
| wasiyki
| your house
|-
| 3.person singular| -n
| wasin
| his/her/its house
|-
| 1.person plural (incl)| -nchik
| wasi... | [
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|-
| instrumental
| -wan
| wasiwan
| with the house, and the house
|-
| abessive
| -naq
| wasinaq
| without the house
|-
| dative
| -paq
| wasipaq
| to the house
|-
| genitive
| -p(a)
| wasip(a)
| of the house
|-
| causative
| -rayku
| wasirayku
| because of the house
|-
| benefactive
| -paq
| wasipaq
| for the house
|... | [
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They are also formed by adding suffixes to demonstratives: chay ("that") – chaypi ("there"), kay ("this") – kayman ("hither"). There are several original adverbs. For Europeans, it is striking that the adverb qhipa means both "behind" and "future" and ñawpa means "ahead, in front" and "past". Local and temporal concept... | [
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For example, -chi is a causative suffix and -ku is a reflexive suffix (example: wañuy 'to die'; wañuchiy 'to kill'; wañuchikuy 'to commit suicide'); -naku is used for mutual action (example: marq'ay 'to hug'; marq'anakuy 'to hug each other'), and -chka is a progressive, used for an ongoing action (e.g., mikhuy 'to eat'... | [
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There are dialectal variations to the forms. The variations will be presented in the following descriptions. See also
Quechuan and Aymaran spelling shift
Bibliography
Rodolfo Cerrón-Palomino (1994). Quechua sureño, diccionario unificado quechua–castellano, castellano–quechua [Southern Quechua, Quechua–Spanish, Sp... | [
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Cuzco Quechua () is a dialect of Southern Quechua spoken in Cuzco and the Cuzco Region of Peru. It is the Quechua variety used by the Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua in Cuzco, which also prefers the Spanish-based five-vowel alphabet. On the other hand, the official alphabet used by the ministry of education has onl... | [
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A fiducial marker or fiducial is an object placed in the field of view of an imaging system that appears in the image produced, for use as a point of reference or a measure. It may be either something placed into or on the imaging subject, or a mark or set of marks in the reticle of an optical instrument. Applications
... | [
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