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H: Designing a PI controller for a first order system
I have a first order plant:
$$ b/(s + a) $$
That I'm trying to control using a PI controller:
$$ \frac{(K_ps + K_I)}{s} $$
I closed the loop with unity feedback to get this transfer function:
$$\frac{b(K_ps + K_I)}{s^2 + (a + bK_p)s + bK_I}$$
With this, I can pla... |
H: Measure inductor coil's resistance using multimeter
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
Above is the set-up of my simple experiment to determine the inductance of an inductor. The voltage across resistor R (5 ohms) and inductor L (20mH) are measured using a oscilloscope and labelled VR and V... |
H: Size of inductors in passive filters
I was reading about why we need active filters even when we have passive filters with us.
I got to know that one of the main reasons for doing so, is that at lower frequencies the size of the inductor is large and it becomes bulky so it can not be fabricated on IC.
So can anyone... |
H: low current buck converter
Just trying to find a suitable buck converter for my application, which is running off ~10-50V (12/24/48V battery banks) and supplying normally a very low load microcontroller (~1mA) but occasionally doing some higher current SD writes (~150mA) and for some reason am unable to find someth... |
H: Interrupt within an interrupt on a PIC18
I am working on code for an external interrupt from RB0 on a PIC18F4550. When an interrupt is detected on RB0, timer0 is activated.
I then need to watch for timer0 overflowing. If it does, then the code can return to main. If it does not, this means another rising edge has b... |
H: mplab error: Executable code and data must be defined in an appropriate section
I'm beginner to Mplab and microController programing.i'm following a pic book .basically my program is a led turn on and off program .I'm using mplabx-v2.10 .this is not my complete code.however the error comes from line
BSF STATUS, 5... |
H: How do I calculate the duty cycle range for DC-DC buck converter?
Question:
A buck converter supplies power to a microprocessor with a core voltage of 1.2 V and peak power requirement of 2A. The supply for this buck converter is a lithium battery with a nominal voltage of 3.7V (range 4.2 full to 3.0 V flat).
Assumi... |
H: 25V for PMOS switch VGS?
In a load supply using P-MOS, the input to source is 25V. We found unfortunately that the MOSFET we chose and soldered has only 20V maximum gate-source voltage. Although there are voltage dividers consisting of R1 and R2, we are not sure upon the sudden turning on of NMOS, whether VGS could... |
H: Multiple AVR Projects Sharing Code - Managing Large Projects
I'm working on a group project that is based around designing an automotive CAN bus system. Essentially there are multiple different nodes on the bus, acting as sensors, displays, controllers or transmitters. My question is how to share/include common cod... |
H: Control connectivity of resistors in voltage divider arrangement
I am building a device to measure the resistance of a resistor using a voltage divider. I added multiple resistors so that the range of the divider could be changed by switching to another resistor. However, only one resistor should ever be connect... |
H: What is the best way to play music through speakers
I have these speakers I recovered from an old iPod dock.
I want to hook these up to a big remote control truck I have but I have never worked with playing music. What is the easiest way to get music to play through them? I was looking at this breakout board but ... |
H: CADSOFT EAGLE libraries searching best practices
I just started to learn how to use EAGLE PCB software.
The device I wanted to draw as the first try containing two elements that are not in the libraries provided with Eagle out of the shelf: ATtiny861A and TDA5051A.
Most of the searches drives me to element14 site w... |
H: Bluetooth Modules in a plastic enclosure
I would like to implement a bluetooth functionality in my project, preferably using STMicroelectronics SPBT2632C1A.AT2, with a protective enclosure. But I read from multiple sources that bluetooth antennas get detuned if they are surrounded by a plastic material.
My question... |
H: Thought Process on Designing Circuits
I'm currently in my second year of computer engineering. I've taken circuit analysis courses and have a good general understanding of components, and a little bit of digital design, however, I'm very confused on how one actually goes about designing circuits to complete a task.... |
H: Transistor Switch to Pull to Ground (Broadcast GPIO)
I have a Sonifex Net-log audio recording device. It can be configured to begin recording on remote input. From the manual:
The remote inputs and output can be driven by 5V logic. The inputs are active low. These can be set to momentary or latching action via ... |
H: Floating Point problem using PIC18F4550
I'm making an obstacle avoiding robot and using the mentioned PIC controller. I'm currently not at the obstacle avoiding part so what i'm doing is writing code to control the movement, e.g. making it go in a rectangular loop. The way it works is that I have made functions for... |
H: What's the usage of storing recorded measurements of multimeter and soldering iron station in computer?
Assume you want to purchase a multimeter for your job. some multimeters have a USB interface to store the recorded measurements in the computer and for this feature, you have to pay more money. but the question i... |
H: What's the dwell signals?
Today When I was seeing this page(Digital multimeters (DMM or DVOM) part) I saw this part:
What does "automotive timing"? and What's the dwell signals? are these electronic concepts?
AI: "Automotive timing" refers to the ignition system of a gasoline engine - making sure that the spark ha... |
H: Zener diode in stepper motor driver with TPL7407L
In TPL7407L's datasheet, there is a stepper motor driver schematic as below
There is a zener diode denoted as "optional". However the 'COM' pin is connected to 'VSUP' directly. The 'optional' means I can remove (not short!) it, right? Then what's the purpose of the... |
H: What is a push-up/pull-up resistor?
A.S. The question A question on pull up resistors answers only a part of my question as already mentioned in "EDIT" made shortly after this question was asked & answers here (below) are much detailed, in-context & easy to understand. Definitely not a duplicate; marking as duplic... |
H: Impementation of Boolean function using decoders
I need help with implementation of this Boolean function:
F(A,B,C,D)=П(0,4,6,7,9,11,12,13,15), (conjunctive normal form)
with minimum number of decoders 2 to 4 and one NOR gate.
Using Shannon's expansion theorem with two levels of integration (without NOR gate):
M... |
H: How to Swap Cathode with Anode in LED MATRIX 5X7 In proteus?
Hi in Proteus 8 the given model of Led Matrix 5x7 has Anode on Column side and Cathode on Row side.
I want swap it and Hence Column would have Cathode and Rows will have Anode and my Second Connection Start working(which is now not working) Unlike the one... |
H: Trace width specification in PCB land pattern detail
I came across this figure in the datasheet for an accelerometer. It gives a very specific trace width (0.15mm) to escape from the pad, as well as a minimum length (0.5mm) at that width. So far, the only explanation I can come up with is thermal considerations dur... |
H: Change RGB leds intensity?
Sorry if this is too basic but I don't understand this issue.
Right now, using an MCU, I change the RGB colours of an LED strip with 3 PWM signals.
All colours works great .
The thing is, when I am trying to set the intensity of the light, I don't know how to do it.
So if, for example, I ... |
H: 4-bit Register with Four Operations
I'm given a task to design a 4-bit register using D Flip-Flops (and MUXes) that operates according to the following selection inputs:
When..
S1S0 = 00, No Change;
S1S0 = 01, Register is Cleared to 0;
S1S0 = 10, Current State is Complemented;
S1S0 = 11, Parallel Data is Loaded.
Be... |
H: Is there an IC to make a split power supply from a single power supply?
I'm trying to find the easy but a somewhat stable way to create a split power rails Vcc Vee for the opAmp applications. Any specific known IC for this purpose?
AI: You could use two identical regulators, isolate them and tie the positive rail o... |
H: Help decipher DC brushed motor ratings
I have two same sized DC brushed motors found in different variants of an appliance of the same brand. They are possibly equivalent, but they have different labels.
One is labelled with:
(Johnson Electric logo)
31348
3K3861
The other is labelled with:
3501-0011-01 REV C
CIM-... |
H: Replace transformer with PWM control
This is my first question on stackexchange so if I do anything wrong, please let me know :-)
So my situation is the following:
I am working on a power supply module where I need 7 separated +28V DC outputs up to 25A. My current design incorporates of a small transformer-rectifie... |
H: Is it safe to implement a split power supply from two identical AC/DC adapters?
If I have two identical AC/DC adapters(Such as laptop adapters) can I achieve this as in the following illustration? Would it be safe?:
AI: There is nothing fundamentally wrong with what you propose. Any purpose built dual output power ... |
H: What can the reason be to choose this specific op-amp as a Comparator/Schmitt trigger?
A rotating instrument is outputting AC sinusoidal wave where both the frequency and amplitude of the output is proportional with the rotation speed.
This output then goes to a converter box, which converts the sinusoidal signals ... |
H: What's the difference between dual-address and implicit DMA?
For detached DMA's there are two addressing approaches. One is dual-address and one is implicit. What the difference between the two and why does dual-address take twice as many bus cycles?
AI: In dual-address DMA, the data transfer takes two cycles: The ... |
H: Why does the datasheet for this FET show two / three VGS(off) values?
I am using a MMBFJ270 P-Channel JFET and if you look at the characteristic graphs it is saying that there are two values for VGS(off) and in one graph it quotes three different values... Why does it do this and what determines the value for the V... |
H: Is there a simple circuit that outputs (min+max)/2 of a single-ended signal given as input?
I have a digital, single-ended, signal that randomly varies between +400mV (logical ‘1’) and 0V (logical ‘0’). I am looking for a circuit to calculate the DC value that corresponds to the average between the maximum value of... |
H: Will reading serial flash memory wear it out?
I know that a flash memory has limited write cycles. Does it also have limited read cycles?
Datasheets of most serial flash memories (like SST25VF series) mention endurance cycles. Does this endurance mean read + write cycles?
AI: There is no limit to the amount of read... |
H: Transistor switching noise problem (Guitar pedal idea troubleshooting)
Have a simple circuit :
i want to create a gated effect that cuts signal in and out .. it works but i can hear the switching sound of square wave generated by arduino through my amp speaker .. (click ,click, click..)
Does anyone have a solutio... |
H: Charging a bank of lead-acid batteries in paralel
I have a lead-acid battery similar to the one in the picture (mine is 15Ah) and I also have a spare car battery (50Ah).
Is it safe, or a good idea to put them both in paralel to achieve a bigger battery that lasts longer?
Will the voltage of both batteries increase... |
H: Why does this BGA component have a keep-out layer?
I've pulled the Telit GE864-GPS (datasheet) from the Altium vault. The footprint has a keep-out layer, which prevents me from placing tracks to any pad without using vias. As the pitch is 2.5mm the component could be fanned-out on one layer, and I don't want to hav... |
H: SPICE how to assign a variable voltage generator for receiving antenna
I would like to do an AC analysis, noise analysis and signal to noise simulations using TINA TI - LT spice is OK
How do I assign a variable voltage with parameters to an AC voltage source in SPICE? If the voltage output of an receiving antenna ... |
H: Suggestions about resistor values and additional components for this circuit?
I made the circuit above by using LTSpice where I can amplify weak, badshaped pulselike signals, shift their levels, and convert them to positive pulses. At the end I obtain a pulse train with adjustable offset and amplitude. U1 U2 U3 ar... |
H: Reducing the voltage into a speaker passively
Well not high power, low resistance. I have an unusual situation where I am directly driving speakers from an oscillating signal ( its not audio its more like a buzz )
I only have 2 inputs
12v
square wave signal that oscillates at audio frequencies between 0v and 12v (... |
H: UART as logic analyzer?
I'd like to reverse-engineer a certain 2-wire digital circuit. I'm looking for the cheapest possible logic analyzer. I don't know the exact frequency of the circuit, but it's sub-1MHz. (Likely in the range of 50kHz-500kHz.)
Obviously, I've heard about Bus Pirate, but I thought - hey, why not... |
H: Partial load failure detection circuit
I'm working on the power supply of a temperature controller which sends about 5kW of power maximum (230VAC 50Hz) into 3 sets of 12 heaters (actually, 3kW + 1kW + 1kW). I'm at the stage where I need to detect if any of those heaters burns out or shorts.
I am currently consider... |
H: I can't figure out this circuit. How do I obtain the three currents?
I can't figure out why i2 is 0. I tried applying KVL on the mesh with the voltage source but I didn't get anywhere (perhaps I applied it incorrectly? i don't know if the current travelling through that mesh is i2 or not). I also don't know how to... |
H: How do I strip litz wire?
I bought a choke made of litz wire. The wire is enameled all the way to the ends. How does one go about stripping this wire?
AI: Fire.
You can burn off a good bit of the enamel at the ends with fire. You can also use various chemicals to strip the enamel.
If the ultimate purpose is to tin... |
H: Is this triangle symbol referring to a voltage source?
I am referring to the symbol with +4V next to it. Seems like a voltage source to me. I just haven't seen this anywhere before.
AI: Strictly speaking, it is not a full circuit, but an equivalent full circuit can be easily derived from it, because it has the ful... |
H: Alternatives for a UDN2981A
I'm making the circuit depicted here.
I already have the shift registers I require, but I can't find any UDN2981A ICs in the stores I have available to me. Unfortunately, I don't have time to wait for shipping from an online store.
1) Are there alternatives to the UDN2981A I could try? (... |
H: How to add ground to DC circuit?
I'm just a dabbler in electronic circuits and I'm really still kind of a noob. I am working on a project called the "Atari Punk Console" (Originally known as the "Stepped Tone Generator") but there are some parts of the wiring schematic that I don't understand, specifically the part... |
H: Can I use a transformer to drop a DC voltage?
Can I use a transformer to drop down the voltage from a generator? Or should I just use a regulator? The generator outputs about 9.3 V and I need about 5 V, and I want to conserve power.
AI: Use a voltage regulator.
A switching voltage regulator will be the most efficie... |
H: Why is DC Voltage called Direct Current ?
I have had this question since a long time, and didn't find any other place to ask this. So thought will just ask here.
The "DC" in DC Voltage/Supplies stands for Direct Current. So why is it combined with Voltage in the name ?
From what I understand it might have someth... |
H: How to wire this component (-4dB audio)
Getting frustrated because I don't understand what this -4dB thing is in the circuit and I can't figure out how to wire it correctly or even if I have the right part. I have a 3.5mm mono audio jack but I'm not sure what -4dB means. I've tried looking up some videos on how to ... |
H: What would cause a zener shunt regulator to have Vout < Vz?
I'm restoring a old motorcycle and the headlight is very dim. Upon inspection, there appears to be a shunt regulator. I infer that the part they call the 'regulator' in the diagrams is just a zener diode in parallel with the light bulb. I am basing this on... |
H: Garbled serial output from breadboard ATmega328 via FTDI breakout
I have an ATmega328P-PU on a breadboard,
and I am trying to get serial communications working through one of these bad boys:
The 328P is loaded with a modified blink sketch that just does a Serial.print() at the end of each iteration.
int led = 13... |
H: Wheatstone Bridge Extra Excitation
I have made a reverse engineering about some medical devices nowadays that has pressure sensor. What is the purpose of extra excitation (Q2). When is Q2 on out rise about 150mV.
Best Regards
AI: [Disclaimer: I haven't seen such arrangement before. Below is an educated guess.]
Thi... |
H: When looped, memory address not being displayed sequentially while skipping intermediate memory
I am trying to run through a sequence of memory and display it on the command window. Here is the code:
int addr[10]; //Address addr is 32 bit
for{int i=0 ; i<10 ; i++}
{
int *p = &addr[i]; //Pointi... |
H: Li-Ion 26650 battery holder
I'm going to use 26650 Li-Ion batterys with a suitable battery charger IC in my hardware. I'm looking for an adequete battery holder for two 26650 batterys like this for AA batterys. But I find only 3D printed or modded battery holders for 26650 with no connection to the battery poles in... |
H: AC DC adapter voltage regulation
I would like to make a dimmer for several ikea desktop LED lights. This one is plugged on a LED driver (adapter) with specifications:
Primary:220-240VAC 50/60Mhz, 0.06A
Secondary: constant current: DC 500mA, 2.5...3.5V max 3.8V.
What's is the better? To interact with the DC side and... |
H: Is earth of a 3-prong AC/DC adapter is connected to the GND of DC output?
Below is an illustration of a 3-prong AC/DC adapter(such as a laptop adapter):
Here I marked the primary earth ground as 'a'; and GND of the secondary(DC) as 'b'.
My question is are these grounds connected to each other in real??
Can I just ... |
H: Analysis about H bridge to drive DC Motor
the picture below shows my design about driving DC motor with H bridge. There is one problem, for example, I turn on the U1B and U1A(use PWM to turn on U1B and the U1A is always turn on when I make the motor run backward), the motor works. But when I measure the signal on p... |
H: How to calculate image brightness for use with LED panel
I am using a 64x64 RGB LED matrix for which I'm preparing some content.
The existing firmware reads RGB888 video files.
I'd like to analyse these files before uploading them, to make sure the overall brightness doesn't go past a threshold to keep the amperage... |
H: Is there a database on internet for LTspice models?
LTSpice doesn't have many components as default. One has to download the spesific model component and integrate it. Is there a website where I can look for it?
AI: I do not now if there is something like a database.
But I got most of my models from either the ltsp... |
H: Can I use MAX232 instead of a ICL7660 to make a split power supply?
For an opAmp rails I need positive and negative voltages i.e. Vcc, Vee.
I look for a good IC which is commonly used for creating split power from a single power supply. Many recommends ICL7660. I currently have a MAX232. Can it be used instead? I n... |
H: Reset IC Buffer manually
I have a buffer which I want to reset. The EN pin is connected to a pull upp resistor while the Reset pin is connected to pull down resistor. What should I do to reset the buffer manually?
Should i connect the reset to pull upp resistor to Reset the buffer?
Thanks in advance.
AI: A PNP tr... |
H: Electrelet Microphone in Amplifier Circuit
I am trying to build this circuit with the only difference in my version being 9 volts instead of 12. For my Microphone I used a Electret condenser microphone from here.
It says it runs on 2.2vdc so I put a 330k resistor is series with the microphone. My problem is that th... |
H: Thermopile Detector Datasheet question
I'm working on making a detector using a Thermopile. Here's a link to the page and datasheet. Link
I've looked through and am not sure what the values for Ra, Rb, Rc, and Rd are supposed to be. If any value. Does it depend on the application?
What does Vth stand for? VThevenin... |
H: What's correct way to toggle a single bit and a whole register in microchip C programming?
I'm trying to write a code where when a push button is pressed, a whole PORT is toggled.
So I got a push button at PORT E in pin 0, and 8 leds on PORTD, I also got a debugging led on PORT E pin 1.
void main() {
// Inter... |
H: Can you explain this differential amplifier exercise to me?
So we have the exercise in the figure
The figure is
The solution according to the book is
VE=-0.7 Volt thus I=(-0.7+5)/4.3=1 mA so re= 50 ohm.Why is re=50 Ohm here?
a) Ad=V0/Vd=α*2/2re .Why is Re ommited from this formula? Isnt it supposed to be Ad=α*... |
H: Resistor/Ohm's law question?
I just used Ohm's law and I was puzzled by this. I am quite new to resistors, and I am only going to use it for an Ionocraft project to reduce the flow of current to ground.
So if I have a 9v battery, and had an impossible LED that could get 1 amp. Which means it would be 9v divided by... |
H: Is this calculation for an optocoupler's resistor correct?
I'm trying to calculate what resistor to use for this optocoupler.
Per the datasheet, it drops 1.3v at 50mA does this mean I should try choose a resistor that gives me 50mA?
My supply is 3.3V so my calculation was set out as follows:
R = V / I
V should be t... |
H: What is this cable-joining black shell component called?
What is the name of the oblong black shell thing that is (presumably) connecting the two halves of the cable? There is a small one and a large one shown in the image below.
I've searched around for electrical cable connectors/joiners, but haven't been able t... |
H: Setting up piezo pump with arduino
I'm trying to control a 12V piezo pump (with an inbuilt driver) and I'm a bit unsure how to use it safely. I'm using an Arduino Uno to control it, with an N-channel MOSFET rated at 60V 30A (with a 10K pull down resistor). I'm powering the piezo pump with a 12V 5A power supply. Loo... |
H: Calculate the voltage and the current of a ideal diode
I need to calculate the circuit below. (The used diode in the schematics is not the same from the task we have to solve. In our task we work with a ideal diode.)
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
In school we learned, that a ideal diod... |
H: Touchable plastic surface
I recently bought a nice RGB Led Controller with a very nice design and i want to know what technology is used for recognising the touches on this thick plastic layer. It works absolutely reliable and is very sensitive. I wanted to integrate exactly something like that in my arduino projec... |
H: Capacitor with multiple pins
I have a capacitor with 3 pins + 4 for assembly(common ground?).
It is paired and I found it in an old (tube/valve amplifier) TV.
I couldn't find any docs about it.
It has written on it:
Tesla TC 448
{circle} - 200uF 350V
{square} - 100uF 350V
{triangle} - 50uF 350V
What do these mean... |
H: Make-Before-Break Relay with Very High Continuous DC Current
I need to use a relay in order to do field sweeps with my electromagnet, which is hooked up to a couple very beefy monopolor power supply. (My magnet's impedance is ~2 Ohm, and I am putting ~40 Amps through it at maximum power).
Initially, I figured the ... |
H: Calculate current over ideal diode
I have to solve the task shown on the image below. (The diodes should be ideal with a forward voltage of 0.7V)
I tried solving it but always got the wrong current for D1 and V. First I drew it new like the schematics below.
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using Circuit... |
H: Can two capacitors be used in series to get an equivalent capacitance in a circuit?
I am building an FM radio circuit and a 27pF capacitor (ceramic) is required in that, but I don't have one. But I do have 56pF capacitors. So I was thinking that I can use two 56pF in series to get an equivalent 28pF.
Is it possib... |
H: number of bits of information for n stable states?
my text book says
"An element with N stable states conveys log2N bits of information"
i don't understand it since i expect if we have n stable states we would have n/2 bits
since one of them is the bit it self and the other one is it's complement .
why the textbo... |
H: LM311 Current Sensing Switch
I need to create a current sensing switch and am looking for ideas. I have very little experience with op amps / comparitors (as you'll see) but this seems to be the way to go.
I am monitoring 24VDC motor and if current is > 2.6A, I need to signal to a microcontroller to disable the mo... |
H: cmos output buffer currents
In a cmos driver what controls the amount of current it can source or sink? Is it the combined RDS on of the internal FETs? When you try to pull a line low I guess there's voltage stored in the capacitance of the trace and the current from that flows through the bottom FET and it's on... |
H: Solving for the impedance and phase shift in a series-parallel AC RCL Circuit with Complex Numbers
Having a lot of trouble working through an AC circuit, asking for some help.
The circuit is relatively simple - I have a capacitor of capacitance \$C\$ and resistor of resistance \$R\$ hooked in parallel, which is hoo... |
H: Will it hurt a non-powered power supply to see 12/24V on the output?
For an RC (mostly LiPo) battery charging setup I've got a 48V Meanwell AC->DC PSU supplying power to the charger. I'm considering simple ways to power the charger either by this PSU or directly by a 24VDC deep cycle battery bank. The charger is sm... |
H: Can a crystal oscillator be used instead of a ceramic filter?
For my FM radio circuit i require a 10.7 MHz ceramic filter. When i asked for it in a shop he gave me a crystal oscillator of 10 MHz value. Can i use the oscillator instead of the filter in my circuit.
Thanking you in advance.
AI: You can use a crystal, ... |
H: What are my options for detecting the position of a small moving metal object?
This is an airgun pellet trap:
I fire small metal pellets at it (4.5mm = .177" in diameter) at up to 120 m/s = 390 fps.
What are my options for detecting the X / Y position at which it enters the target?
Does it make it easier if I only... |
H: Non-inverting op-amp with DC offset
I'm trying to amplify an AC wave (from an audio input) with a maximum amplitude of about 1.8v to a DC oscillation between 0V and 5V with the centre (what would be the zero-crossing on the input) at the midpoint of 2.5V.
I've attempted to use a differential amplifier design to ach... |
H: Propagation delay from a graph
I'm in the edX class and failed on all my three attempts on one of the questions. Clearly my reasoning is wrong, but I can't figure out where exactly. I would really appreciate if somebody could help me answer it.
Here is the figure for the question:
Here are the questions:
What is ... |
H: Nodal analysis - how to handle two adjacent supernodes
I'm a first year engineering student who has a problem with harder nodal analysis problems.
Consider the circuit in the attached image. The usual way to deal with the voltage sources in the upper left branch is to make a supernode. However, one of the nodes (n... |
H: 555 timer as FM transmitter vs. Tank Circuit
This site seems to suggest the use of the 555 timer in astable mode to generate frequency modulation from a source. The typical transmitter uses a tank circuit with an inductor and trimmer capacitor or an inductor and transistor like this one. I would rather use the 555... |
H: Will repeatedly turning a light bulb on and off damage it?
I have been hearing a common saying that if one keeps switching the lights on and off you will probably damage the light bulb itself, since every time you close the switch there would be a sudden rush of current through the circuit. Given that we are talkin... |
H: OpAmp Precision Half Wave Rectifier
I am currently studying OpAmps and one of the topics that came up was the applications of OpAmp circuits. In particular, I was learning about precision rectifiers (using non-inverting version of it, thus the diode is pointing away from the "out" terminal of the OpAmp). The thing ... |
H: Testing the ADC interrupt on dsPIC33EP256MC506
I have a Microchip MCLV-2 development board intended for controlling small rating BLDC and PMSM. I am trying to develop a simple program to test the ADC interrupt. Basically, I want the program to simply wait for the interrupt in the main routine. Once it occurs it sho... |
H: Range of MIPS j instruction
I understand that for MIPS-32, the first 4 bits of the address to jump to are taken from the first 4 bits of the address of j instruction, which means that we have a boundary of 2^28 bits around the address of the j instruction that we can jump to. Online it says this boundary is 256MB b... |
H: Use Preformed inductor instead of coil for FM Transmitter
I want to build this transmitter:
The inductor in the schematic says 0.1uh so I figured I could get some of these and use them instead of making my own like it describes in the picture. I would be using these. Do you think they would work? Any information ... |
H: Magic number in ADC Pi code
Im trying to measure temperature using PT100. Im using ADC Pi board for that. ADC Pi uses MCP3424(pdf datasheet) A/D converters, and in datasheet I found how to calculate voltage - it is pretty simple -
Input Voltage = (Output Code) * LSB/PGA
So i made a simple app which would get the... |
H: Asynchronous reset in verilog
I am new to verilog and having a bit of trouble getting along with it.
I read about asynchronous and synchronous reset and i think i got hold of it but while implementing the same with verilog i am not able to understand a line of code which i saw on this website.
In the asynchronous r... |
H: How can I build a laser detector whit ILX554B CCD linear?
I am trying to build a CCD camera with a Sony ILX554B CCD Linear sensor to work with optical experiments. My problem is that I have this sensor, but I can't find an explanation or relevant circuit to use it in.
How can I build this CCD camera and work with t... |
H: high side vs low side load control
Background
Fairly standard scenario - I have an inductive load (servo or something similar) that I turn on and off as needed (several times per hour, nothing high frequency). In a scenario where the voltage of the driving circuit is different from the voltage of the load (3.3V mic... |
H: PNP transistor equations
So in my electronics textbooks I see brief mentioning of PNP transistors but very little description of current flow and there are no actual equations or formulae for calculating collector current, collector voltage, and V[CE](collector-emitter potential difference). So how does one compute... |
H: What are some of the real life example of the so called "tracking and regulation" problem in control theory?
Given a plant, we need to design a controller that takes in an input r and then ensure that steady state error between the output and input goes to zero while the system remains stable.
What is a realistic ... |
H: How to best connect a temperature sensor to an aluminum block?
2 questions:
How would you connect a temperature sensor to an aluminum block? Could I use a thermal adhesive, basically just gluing the sensor to the block?
Which sensor would you buy? I like the nice cables of the waterproofed versions, but I'm thinki... |
H: AVR 60Hz periodic interrupt
How can I configure an AVR microcontroller timer to generate periodic interrupt events at 60 Hz rate, using 14.745 MHz system clock?
AI: There are 14,745,000 / 60 = 245,750 counts of the 14.745MHz system clock per 60Hz cycle. So what you need to do is somehow divide down that system cloc... |
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