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H: Decoupling capacitor with resistor in series I am looking over a datasheet, and I saw something that puzzled me. Why is there a 1 ohm resistor (R2) in series with the capacitor? This is a power rail, so I'll assume it is a decoupling capacitor. Pin 15 is VREG_OUT - Power Regulator output (1.8 V while awake, 0 V du...
H: Measure current through H-bridge using shunt I am trying to measure the current through the H-bridge and brushed DC motor and shut it off if it exceeds a pre-set limit. This is how I have it currently set up: simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab OA1 acts as a non-inverting amplifier to amplif...
H: PIC24 I2C status bits not set I am working with PIC24FJ192GB106 (64 pin package), and the I2C module is driving me crazy. here is the code: int counter = 1; address = 0b01110000; // ADD7 = 0111000 ; W = 0; cmd1 = 0xFF; cmd2 = 0xFF; I2C1CONbits.I2CEN = 0; // turn off the I2C1 module wait(100); I2C1CON = 0x1000; //...
H: Why does ammeter or voltmeter measures RMS value When there's an alternative voltage, why does the voltmeter measures rms value instead of the value at that specific time? AI: If you are measuring a 10Khz signal, what value would you read ? What value would be useful to you ? It would be constantly changing. What g...
H: how to safely increase the distance between ws2811 chips I'm designing a pick to light system based on ws2811 chips + leds and an mcu like arduino uno or mega. The average distance between the independent light modules will be about 2m which is in the 10m range specified on the datasheet. Any two point the distance...
H: how can I hack a usb charger to work with ALL phones and specifications perhaps I am asking for too much. Please do tell. So I have a few usb chargers laying around. I realised that in these chargers I can charge iPhones and I can charge all devices that do not follow the "usb power delivery specification" (roughtl...
H: Why does the Intel Atom processor need so much thermal dissipation compared to similar ARM processors When looking at cases designed around the Intel NUC Atom-based board it seems they put a lot of effort into thermal dissipation (i.e. the entire case is basically a big heatsink). Of course, these cases are fanless...
H: ESR and parallel capacitors Just wanting to clarify my understanding of ESR here, because I'm not fully sure if it should be modeled the way I would think to model series resistance. Or if it's more complex than that. Basically the question comes down to is there any reason why one wouldn't place a ceramic capacito...
H: How can I connect a phone battery to TV remote control? I have an old tv with an IR remote control. It has become quite bothering for me to change the remote control's batteries every other week. I thought to myself why not connect a Chinese phone battery (which costs not more than 2 bucks) to the remote and I'd on...
H: Vias in footprint with no thermal relief? I'm making a small board for a PIC18F26K22 microcontroller and the provided footprint in Microchip's Altium Vault is shown below: I'm assuming the polygon under the IC is a GND pad, but am not 100% sure since I can't seem to find anything confirming this in the datasheet. ...
H: I have virtually no understanding of how batteries work and charge, and have various questions on them I'm doing research into portable power generators for a university class and need help understanding how charging a device works. From my research, I've found certain methods of harvesting energy can yield an outp...
H: What is the timing arc in vlsi? What is the timing arc? STA and Design compiler. When I was finding the arc at internet, just it written like this. Timing arc is the timing of data signal travelling ff to ff. Is this some kind of timing reports as text? Or something like a db? What is this? Also where does this us...
H: What is the scope of Electronics Engineering in Robotics/Automation? I am beginner in Robotics .I have taken admission for Electronics engineering one year back as we hardly have specifically Robotics Engineering Branch in my Country.Now,I am suffering from questions like what is the scope of Electronics( not Elect...
H: Do chargers use power when they're not charging? 1) If I connect my mobile charger to a wall socket and it is switched on, but I don't connect my mobile to the charger, does the charger still use electricity? 2) If I connect an extension box to a wall socket and connect my mobile charger to my extension box, but ag...
H: Why is sine wave preferred over other waveforms? Why did scientists chose to go with sine wave to represent alternating current and not other waveforms like triangle and square? What advantage does sine offers above other waveforms in representing current and voltage? AI: Circular motion produces a sine wave natura...
H: Why there is many configurations of Colpitts oscillator? I would like to understand how colpitt's oscillator works but I'm confused because there are many configurations on the internet and I don't know what is the difference between them. For the next two configurations, Why are the capacitors C1 and C2 are moved ...
H: Which digitally-controlled chip to replace eight transistors (GE D44C7)? I would like to programmatically toggle off/on (independently) eight 5 V small light bulbs. It seems that I could use eight transistors controlled by eight independent digital control pins. (See the attached schema below.) But I'm sure there ...
H: Using a Contactor or Relay to switch between two DC power sources? I want to power a motor with a battery, however the complication arises as I want to have two power sources and be able to switch between them. The context of this problem is for an electric vehicle. Sensing circuitry on the vehicle will measure spe...
H: grounding a 220 -> 110 V transformer I'm in Brazil and my house has 220V power. I have a transformer that converts 220 to 110V It has 2 prong power in and 2 prong power out. I would like to make the output grounded. I'm hooking up things with 3 prong connectors and I prefer not to simply "bypass ground" with adapte...
H: What technique can I use to focus a Bluetooth 4 transmission (or at least shield it)? I'm actually trying to focus an iBeacon that uses Bluetooth 4.0 LE. These transmit in the ISM band from 2.4 to 2.485 GHz. Normally these things radiate in a spherical, or half spherical pattern, but I'd like to restrict the patter...
H: SPI chip select --> data + clock delay tolerance I know this likely depends on the specific chips and devices being used, but I'm just looking for estimate ballpark numbers. I'm considering using the spi protocol for a project, and I can't seem to find any good timing diagrams, on the time tolerance from the assert...
H: How to program a clean microcontroller? To be specific, i am interested if there is a way to buy a clean microcontroller (doesn't matter whether it is Atmel or Pic), program it and implement it into your circuit board, without any additional attachments. PS: Here, additional attachments means something like Arduino...
H: What resistance should I expect when testing capacitors? I'm trying to troubleshoot why my TV isn't turning on and was advised that it might be an issue with a capacitor. There are no visible signs of bursting or leaking on any of them so I've started measuring the resistance using a multimeter, however I have no i...
H: Temperature sensor slope explanation I am looking at an accelerometer(data sheet is BMA280 ) which has capabilities of measuring temperature from -40 to 85 degrees celsius. It also specifies a Temperature Sensor Slope of 0.5K/LSB, where it fills up an 8-bit register. It's centered on 23 degress celsius when the reg...
H: Resistor power rating for short pulses Just wondering how to treat a resistor power rating if the resistor is only getting current passed through it for 1us or less? Is it reasonable to exceed the power rating significantly (say 10x) for such short pulses or unwise? AI: Pulse handling is a highly variable character...
H: confused about behavior of relaxation oscillator I'm just starting to learn about electronics by working through Charles Platt's Make: Electronics book and I'm on experiment 14, which is a relaxation oscillator for an LED. I should note that in the schematic below, I wasn't able to figure out how to add a PUT (2n6...
H: Mosfet type to drive a 100A DC motor using pwm I have a bunch of custom made DC motors. They are supposed to work in a range between 80Vdc and 120Vdc. Nominal power is around 800-1000W (they're custom made for a custom application, so specs are somewhat foggy...). Now they start just by switching a clean contact, I...
H: MPLABX macro expansion I am using MPLABX v2.25 and XC32 compiler v1.33 on a Mac. Maybe I am not fluent with the use of the preprocessor, but the macro expansion window in MPLABX seems to produce rather unexpected results. Example-1: #define PIBO TEST void ftest(void) { #if (PIBO == TEST) printf("Hello")...
H: Why do electromechanical relay computers tend to use higher voltages? So I am contemplating building a relay computer. And I have not seen any information on why one would select one voltage over another. It seems that it would be ideal to use 5V relays as that is slightly easier to interface to microcontrollers (w...
H: How can over 24 GHz communication be possible? I read the article Google wants the US' wireless spectrum for balloon-based Internet. It says to use over 24 GHz frequency spectrum for communication. Is it ever possible to generate that high frequency by using piezoelectric crystals? Or are they using a PLL frequency...
H: (Frequnecy of) Bias tees and looking for online retails Currently, I'm looking for some bias tees to add some DC bias to RF signals (whose carrier frequency is not determined yet, but definitely lower than 30 MHz and amplitdue does not exceed +/- 3 V.) Since I'm not familiar with electrical engineering, I've referr...
H: What battery to use? Hi im a newbie when it comes to electronics, I want to design a robot similar to this: http://www.me.berkeley.edu/ME102B/Past_Proj/f09/1%20BearClaw%20Tennis%20Ball%20Collector/design.php The thing is, the link doesn't specify what power supply was used. The above robot uses two of this DC motor...
H: MLCC as SMPS filter caps This question is out of curiosity. I know fairly well that mains SMPS can suffer from bad electrolytic caps. Now I wonder if replacing all electrolytics with MLCCs work? Will it make a more durable SMPS? If MLCCs work as filter caps, why the manufacturers are still using electrolytics? Here...
H: LCD interfacing with msp430 I am making a contact less tachometer based on magnets .I am using msp430g2253 micro controller and HD44780 lcd. I have done certain calculations for calculating rpm in the main code and now i want the values to be printed on the LCD but here i am not able to understand how to do it. rpm...
H: What are the terminals of a 6 wired step down transformer? I'm having a Transformer with 2 input wires and 6 output wires(in pair).I dont know it ratings also.Please help me to find what the terminals are? AI: It sounds like this transformer has a total of 4 windings. How do you know one of them is intended to be ...
H: Possible solutions instead of 12 relays First of all i am new to electronics, but have some basic idea. I want to create a USB switcher with arduino, which will control "where" the usb device is plugged in, instead of unplugging and plugging manually from one device to another, there will be the usb cables connecte...
H: Reading USB Relay Specifications Good morning, I am trying to work on some home improvement DIY projects and trying to control light from an RPi / Arduino using USB connection. I've found two possible products, that I think might suit me: http://www.sainsmart.com/8-channel-dc-5v-relay-module-for-arduino-pic-arm-dsp...
H: Is there any DAC that generates a negative voltage or sine wave without offset? I would like to generate a positive and negative voltage (sine wave without offset) from an AVR microcontroller. I think it needs an external DAC, because the internal ones are not able to generate a negative voltage. Is there a possibi...
H: What are some LED technology for one dimensional coherent light emission? I need to emit a unidirectional infrared pattern, i.e. the emission cone should have small angle on one dimension and large angle on the other one (basically laser-like in one dimension and normal light on the other). I tried to illustrate th...
H: How to deal with start sequence in payload of communication packet? Basic serial messages are being transferred between an embedded device and a PC app. MCU UART Peripheral -> FTDI cable -> PC USB Serial Library The messages are currently fixed-length (32B) and being transferred in the format: start_low_byte start...
H: I can not receive radio waves using LM386? I've made two different circuits to receive RF using LM386 but they doesn't work. I've changed the values of C2 and L1 to change the frequency. I've also changed the gain but nothing happens. The problem is that I hear a sound of noise or buzz from the speaker. When I tou...
H: using an "isolated DC/DC converter", what is the schematic? I'm trying to use a "isolated DC/DC converter" (5v --> 12v converter) (MEE3S0512SC, http://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Murata/MEE3S0512SC/?qs=%2fha2pyFadugniRNbNhQpOV6aGeFGH%2fTBs%252bIW10C7AdACaF1cHtE9jQ%3d%3d) Reading the data sheet, I've connected as ...
H: What is the source of leakage current thru an isolation transformer? I want to use my oscilloscope to check the cleanliness of the output a high-voltage power supply (electrophoresis type, up to 3000 volts DC). I built a 100:1 voltage divider (out of 2 resistors - roughly 700k and 7k ohms), hooked up the scope to t...
H: increase current of a microcontroller output Edit: The motor consumes 130 mA, I have tried the ULN2803A and the L2930DNE, but there is no way to make this work.. I thought this question would be already asked, but I have used the search tool and I did not find it. I am trying to control 2 motors of a robot-car(5V ...
H: Ultralow power reed switch signal reading with mcu I'm a newbie in electronics. I need to build an ultra low power (nA) reed switch signal reading for an mcu. I'm using the following schematic diagram. The Vo output goes on a mcu input pin that is a Schmitt Trigger. Is there any chance this to work ? AI: What so...
H: How to detect if a high voltage fuse is blown I have a 150A fuse on a 100A @ 400V nominal battery pack. There are 5 service relays and 2 isolation relays (one on each pole) in this battery pack. I'd like to make sure that none of these relays can be opened if the fuse is blown (so some kind of interlock would be wi...
H: Max closed loop gain of an op-amp Is there any truth to the fact that an op-amp will behave ideally in closed-loop configuration only when it's closed-loop gain << open-loop gain? AI: Yes. However, modern op-amps have VERY high open-loop gain, which makes the error (usually) acceptably small. The caveat to this i...
H: STM32 Semihosting - SIGTRAP received when printf called Have followed this guide here (http://www.wolinlabs.com/blog/stm32f4.semihosting.html) to get semihosting on the STM32F103 working. Basically my goal is to get printf working over JTAG (ST-Link/v2). The one change from the guide was that _sbrk was looking for ...
H: Does anyone use op-amps for modelling physical systems any more? I am studying for my System Modelling and Simulation exam. So the textbook says there are three categories of models. Graphical - block diagrams and signal flow graphs. Physical - physical similarity models and physical analogy models. Symbolic - ling...
H: BC547/BC548 with 5V at base can't control 12V at collector-emitter? For an Arduino project I needed both 5V and 12V voltages. Specifically, for an IC I needed 5V and I needed to be able to switch it on and off using an Arduino PIN. Since the current drawn by the IC might exceed what can be drawn from the Atmega328 ...
H: What is the Effective Resolution of 7135 ADC What is the effective resolution of Intersil 7135 based 4.5Digit ADC when we use a Microcontroller based measurement using the BUSY and STROBE Signals? datasheet Data Sheet AI: The resolution if you 'and' with the externally supplied ADC clock is 1 count or 1 in 20,000. ...
H: impedance matching single vs series capacitor Im looking at a impedance matching circuit on a schematic that shows a .75pF capacitor pulled to ground. With my current board design I have a 1pF and a 3.3pF on the board already so I am thinking of using these two in series to create .75pF. simulate this circuit – ...
H: How does open drain io act as bidirectional Could someone explain how open drain io acts as bidirectional. Whether it is actually bidirectional or it can act only as input or output at a time. AI: The Line is read through a high impedance input. The line is controlled by the internal n-channel mosfet and the pull-u...
H: Why would the Schmitt trigger relaxation oscillator a bit unstable? This thing oscillates from time to time. Why? (Respect part numbers, all chips from NXP) simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab C14 = 74HC14D (no Schmitt trigger symbol in Circuit Lab), C06 = 74LVC1G06. The 10uF cap is a 1206 S...
H: Can I use a 25 meter LED stripe with a single power adapter? I have 5 stripes of 5m length and 300 RGB LEDs (type 5050) each. One LED consumes about 20 mA at 12 V. Therefore, my whole 25m setup would use about 30 A. Is it safe to connect the 5 stripes series and powering one end with a 30 A power adapter? I wonder...
H: What amperage fan is safe to replace my 0.13A fan? Fan on my wine fridge is buzzing, so I'm replacing it with a CPU or case fan off newegg. Should the replacement fan be rated at more than .13A, or less? I suppose the fridge probably puts less than .13A in, but the replacement fan should have a max of at least .13A...
H: Using capacitor with lower voltage than the specified one I'm just a hobbyist and I'm planning to build this circuit. It recommends to use a 33pF 63V capacitor. I'm in trouble to find a capacitor with this specific voltage. I only found a 33pF 50V one. Since the power supply will be 20V, a lower voltage capacitor s...
H: Is this transistor configuration considered "Push-Pull"? I have read that the output stages of some operational amplifiers use push-pull transistor configurations. I was looking over the datasheet for the LM741 and was wondering if this was one of those instances? Q14 and Q20 appear to be connected together in a ...
H: Analog circuit to check if an audio signal is present? On the project I am working on, I have 3 line-level audio signals, and I need to determine on an arduino if a non-silent signal exists on each line and act appropriately (in my case, "unplugging" a device from mains voltage). My first over-engineered idea is to...
H: Possible to charge a phone battery by using built in contacts? Recently I had a Plum Coach Plus II handed down to me because a family member broke the charger port on the device. I managed to charge it after a few minutes of propping and plugging in the cable slanted allowing the device to charge, but however shor...
H: Can a via go in the middle of a trace? Is it a bad practice for any reason to put a via in the middle of a trace? For example, in terms of impedance, or reflection? I have a power trace which I need to get across a bunch of signal traces by hopping to the other layer, and I'm wondering whether it would be best to p...
H: why is the ic rf shielding exposed I assume this rectangle around the IC is for RF shielding, but why when is it exposed? I have seen this occasionally and I am not sure of it's exact purpose or why its exposed. Googling the title didnt help so I am here asking. AI: These look like solder pads onto which a EMI shie...
H: Are DC induction motors possible? Forgive me if I am asking something absurd, I really do not understand much about electric motors. After reading the answers of Why does a Tesla car use an AC motor instead of a DC one? , I got curious: Is it possible a DC induction motor? At least theoretically? AI: No, a DC induc...
H: Explain currrent and voltage in this circuit? Please help me to understand.According to me if there is no voltage drop across an element the voltage at its trailing end must be same as the supply voltage. 1: https://i.stack.imgur.com/LW32B.png But in the above simulation there is no voltage drop across R1 and the ...
H: How safely to send signal between logic and higher current pcb? I'm designing a PCB with 4 FETs. These are driven in the same board by totem pole drivers, and their load are about 5A total. I am using PWM at 1000Hz. The signal comes from a logic IC in another board. Is there a safe way to avoid loops and noise with...
H: Buck Converter vs plain PWM Power modulation I have a dc load that I'll be controlling with a fixed voltage DC source. The output of the load is proportional to the average power delivered (it's a heating element). Since the element is a fixed resistance (approximately) the power dissipated by the element is propor...
H: Outputting raw bitstream via USB I am extremely new to this and I'm learning by building stuff myself so please let me know if this is too vague and I'll elaborate if I can. I'm sure this is something very simple, but can't figure out how to do it. I have built radios before and know how to modulate a signal as ASK...
H: How can I find out the actual rpms my dc motor at any given moment? In my next project it will be very helpful to monitor the speed of my dc motor. How can I accomplish this? AI: In addition to the cornucopia of methods that burst forth from Russell's answer you could consider to add yet another to that rich bounty...
H: How do crystal oscillators work with feedback consisting of CMOS inverters? For a crystal oscillator to work, there must exist a feedback path with properly designed specifications in order for all to work as expected. Broadly, the basic form of this control system is as follows: Where the transfer function of thi...
H: What happens if i kept open the other output terminals of a 3Tap transformer? I'm having a transformer having 3 pairs of output wires.Out of these 3 pairs I connect my circuit with the first pair of wires and left open all other wires except input.Will it work correctly or leads to any problems. AI: It will work ju...
H: Transistor Protection without Diode I wanted to know if there is a way to protect the circuit from a relay. Usually you add a backwards diode for protection, because when you turn off the relay, the magnetic field in the coil collapses and tries to keep the current flowing, if there is no escape path, it turns into...
H: Turn off device when USB power is present I have a device I'd like to turn off when power is available via a USB socket. The device that needs to be turned on/off is powered by a 12v DC 0.5 amp adapter. USB sockets should have a max 5v 0.5 amp power output. Would it be safe to wire this up to a simple spst nc 5v re...
H: Why does a simple circuit drain a battery slowly? OK, so if you directly connect the two terminals of a battery, there is very little resistance in the circuit and you will drain the battery very quickly. However if you have a very simple circuit, for example a light bulb connected to the battery, the battery will ...
H: inverting op amp design I attached the question as well as my design, I don't know why it does not work( I get no output on simulation). could you have a look at it and comment on it? Thanks AI: As others have said, your load resistor should go to ground, not to the inverting input. Looks like you have fixed the ...
H: Contact temperature sensor I need a contact temperature sensor to get the temperature of a container. Anything like LM35 which I found from google search gives me ambient temperatures. Can anyone suggest an easy to use contact temperature sensor? Accuracy as high as possible! I am going to use it with an Arduino Du...
H: Is a flyback diode needed if there are only inductive components on the circuit (Ex. solenoids) I'm using relays to drive a circuit of solenoids. Do I really need flyback diodes on the controlled circuit if there are only solenoids on it? The driving circuit is already protected by flybacks. simulate this circui...
H: How can I convert a cordless trimmer to a corded trimmer? I have a cordless hair trimmer that I would like to turn into a corded unit. Its AC/DC charging adapter outputs 3V at 1000mA, while the trimmer's original battery is a 2.4V 600mAh NiCd AA unit. Can I just short the battery terminals and plug the trimmer in...
H: How does wiring resistors in series and parallel affect their errors? In an experiment I am conducting, I am trying to measure low currents by wiring a radio device in series with a small-resistance resistor setup, composed of 9 of 1 ohm +/- 5% resistors in series and parallel as shown below, resulting in a total o...
H: Create a time-variable DC power source For some reason, I need a time-variable DC power source that changes its value according to time. I need this change of value to be controllable. I'll put it this way: Say I have a 12 V DC power source like a car battery. At some point I need this value to be changed to 11 V, ...
H: Are there logic analyzers for large signals (5+ volts)? I've used logic analyzers for <5V signals but I'm curious if there are analyzers for larger voltages. Since logic analyzers don't display analog levels, could you use a logic analyzer to check for digital changes that occur at 12V? AI: An ordinary professiona...
H: Can a computer use shift registers as memory? An 8 bit shift register stores a byte of information. Would it be possible (in principle) to create a computer that uses shift registers for memory instead of HDD technology? AI: Yes, in fact the Kenbak-1 (considered to be the world's first personal computer, years befo...
H: Modelling current to remain in particular range for fixed simulation time I am a novice in SystemVerilog. I wish to know how to model a 8-bit signal X to attain four levels for certain ranges of time. For example,let the legal values of X be from 40 to 80(40 < X < 80) 40 - X - 50 for 70% of simulation time : St...
H: Can DE2-115 handle more than 3.3V on its GPIO In my current project I want to connect some logic to Altera DE2-115 using 40-pin exapnsion header (JP5). Unfortunately, I can't ensure that I won't exceed 3.3V on input port (i.e. I'll have ~4V). Is DE2-115 somehow protected against such situation? Are RN21 and RN23 su...
H: What does having the v in the center, with the positive near the top wire and negative near the bottom wire mean in this circuit diagram? This is the diagram that I am asking about: I understand that the symbol on the left hand side of that middle branch is a current controlled current source, and the symbol on th...
H: Can't recognize circuit element in old clock mechanism I am spending my free time thinking of how to make an old clock in my hometown working again. Here is a picture of the mechanism. I can't recognize the marked parts. Hope somebody of you can. In this photo one can see two unknown elements of the same type, as ...
H: Removing ripples from PWM controlled LED in camera vision application I have made a camera vision setup with highpower LED's which are controlled with a simple NE555 timer and a mosfet. The LED system is lighting up an area where a camera is looking, but unfortunately i am experiencing ripples/stripes on the video ...
H: is it problem if the Voltage at home is 270v I recently called an boiler technician, and while he was doing his think, he noted that the electricity in my house is on 270 volts. I think the standard for my country is 205 to 245 and this is like 10% above the maximum. Assuming there was no error in the readings, h...
H: opamp input bias voltage vs. common mode rejection ratio Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) is often explained as the ratio of out and V1 in a circuit like the one below: simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab This ignores Input Offset Voltage. Input Offset Voltage (Vos) is usually explained as...
H: How to run new .meas commands without having to rerun the whole ltspice simulation? I am trying to analyze a circuits properties over a certain range of component values, e.g. a PWM circuit for various settings of the control pot. For this I create a bunch of .meas statements, and graph them. Now it happens that I...
H: Does priority inheritance cure priority inversion? In the Mutex description page of the FreeRTOS website the following sentence can be find: Priority inheritance does not cure priority inversion From what I know I thought that priority inheritance was a cure for priority inversion. If the high priority task A is ...
H: Cheapest way to get a CAN signal I have to transfer signals over around five meters. My input signals are I2C or SPI-compatible, but unfortunately it is no good idea to transmit them over such a long distance. Therefore I was thinking of converting the I2C- or SPI-signal to a CAN-signal (and back). What is the best...
H: How to shift resistance range of Linear Potentiometers by X ohms in the Positive or Negative direction? For example, I have a 10k ohm (linear) Thumbwheel Potentiometer. This POT will produce values from 0 to 10k when reading its resistance. Positive Shift How do I shift resistance range values by X ohms in the po...
H: Optoisolated Feedback Pin Operation In the case of galvanically isolated AC to DC converters, a controller IC is used to regulate the output voltage of the converter. The feedback pin is fed a signal from an optoisolator driven by the voltage on the output side of the converter. Does this optoisolator provide a bin...
H: I have read that a design which fails signal integrity shall have EMC issues I have read that if a design has EMC issues and is emitting a lot of radiation, then there is a relationship with some signal paths not being properly terminated and/or there being signal integrity issues on the PCB. To what extent is this...
H: Using a capacitor to keep circuit powered for 1s after battery disconnected? I am planning on using a 3.3V GPS module which draws 22mA. The module has a requirement that a shutdown sequence be initiated 1s before power is removed from the IC. If power is removed without allowing it to go through the shutdown sequen...
H: What causes dead spots in breadboards? What causes "dead spots" in breadboards, where chips just don't work right? My guess is that the plastic or backing metal is warped, so the holes don't line up right, or the metal is somehow tarnished and nonconductive. In any case, can these be fixed? The breadboards are p...
H: Unexpected results when multiplying in VHDL I'm trying to make a simple BCD --> binary conversion operation work in an ALU I'm coding. All the other operations work perfectly fine, just this last operation doesn't work for some reason. I've tried numerous approaches and nothing seems to make sense. My inputs are A ...
H: Power requirements for offset motor or other forms of vibration I need to generate vibrations to provide tactile feedback. The device has minimal power available. What type of power do offset motors require? Are there other forms of vibration that can use less power? AI: The tiny motors used in such products as ...
H: How to differentiate center-tapped power transformer from a non center-tapped one? I'm a hobbyist and I have 2 doubts regarding a power supply described into this schematic: 1) How do I differentiate a center-tapped power transformer from a non center-tapped one? My primary language is portuguese and I cant manage ...
H: Using all the taps of the transformer at the same time? Let me clarify, I have a power transformer with 2x15V secondary (3 secondary terminals). I want to feed a full wave rectifier with 30 V (using the outermost 2 terminals), but at the same time I want to power a smaller circuit using 15 V (using the middle termi...