Datasets:
Alignment-Lab-AI
/
english-flan

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
 Community
Search is not available for this dataset
conversations
listlengths
2
2
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task you are given a sentence with one coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so). You must judge whether the order of two coordinated clausal conjoints have been inverted or not. Inversion would result in the sentence sounding unnatural. Label the in...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.\nIn this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you are given a short passage that may convey stereotype, anti-stereotype, or is unrelated. A stereotype is an over-generalized belief about a particular group of people. An anti-stereotype is an idea that goes against a common stereotype. The passage is unrelated ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Teacher:You will be asked how to do a certain task. You should describe a physical process that does not lead to the asked outcome, yet it is closely related to it (i.e., it should use the words that are provided in the input). The physical process can be moving something, arran...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you are given a sentence with a missing word that can be an object, a person, and/or an action. Fill in the blank with a plausible word. Although each sentence has many correct answers, you only have to write one answer.\n\nInput: Consider Input: PersonX asks ___ f...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.\nIn this task, you will be shown a conversation and a question. You need to write an implausible answer to the question. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answe...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Teacher: You are given a password and you need to generate the number of steps required to convert the given password to a strong password. A password is considered strong if (a) it has at least 6 characters and at most 20 characters; (b) it contains at least one lowercase lette...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "You will be given a sentence. Check whether the sentence is grammatically correct and is meaningful. If the sentence is grammatically correct, then answer with '1', otherwise answer with '0'.\nQ: I am not certain about if he will come.\nA: " }, { "from": "gpt", "valu...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task you will be given a list, of lists, of integers. For every inner list contained in the input list, you should multiply every even number in that list. The output should be a list of integers with the same length as the number of lists in the input list. If there are...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.\nYou will be given a sentence containing a pronoun/person name and an emotion. From these implicit parameters, the main goal is to find the gender of the person (male / female).\nExample: Alonzo feels a...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "instruction:\nIn this task, you are given a public comment from online platforms. You are expected to classify the comment into two classes: identity-attack and non-identity-attack. Identity attack refers to anything rude or disrespectful about someone's identity, including appe...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given a fact, create a question that can be answered using the fact. Construct the question such that it is unambiguous, has a unique answer and the answer can be given using the fact.\n--------\nQuestion: Fact: the Himalayas were formed by rock folding\n\nAnswer: High areas can...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you are given inputs 'i', 'j', and A, where 'i' and 'j' are integers and A is a list. A list is shown by two brackets and comma-separated numbers and characters inside, like ['1', '12', 'l']. You need to concatenate all elements of A from the ith element to the jth...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Definition: You will be given two questions. You should decide whether the second question is a good paraphrase of the first one. If you are able to tell that the two questions are the same without any other information, answer \"Yes\", otherwise answer \"No\".\nInput: original ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Classify the given comment into 'Hope Speech' or 'Not Hope Speech'. A hope speech is defined as content that is encouraging, positive or supportive contents and talks about equality, diversity or inclusion\nQ: Girl and boys are equal engineers. I like that she did not give up. L...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Teacher:In this task, you are given an input list A. If the count of numbers is more than that of alphabets in the list, answer 'Numbers Win'. If the count of alphabets is more than that of numbers in the list, answer 'Alphabets Win'. If the count of numbers is same as that of a...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Teacher: In this task, you are given a text which is the body of a document. Your job is to classify the topic of the document into these categories: 1)Company, 2)Educational Institution, 3)Artist, 4)Athlete, 5)Office Holder, 6)Mean of transportation, 7)Building, 8)Natural place...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Instructions: In this task you will be given an arithmetic operation and you have to find its answer. The symbols of operators '+' and '-' has been swapped i.e you need to perform subtraction when you see a '+' symbol and addition in case of '-' symbol.\nInput: 4291 + 2761 - 43...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Teacher: In this task, you're given five sentences, numbered 1 through 5. Your job is to generate a title for the story that makes complete sense. The title must be short, with less than three words, use simple language, and include the main topic of the story.\nTeacher: Now, un...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Detailed Instructions: Given a sentence in English language, translate the sentence to Igbo language keeping the meaning of the original sentence intact\nProblem:English sentence: For that, I am extremely grateful.\nSolution:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "N'ihi na, ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given two simple actions (associated with \"A\", \"B\"). You must identify which action is considered less ethical. Do not generate anything else apart from one of the following characters: 'A', 'B'.\nProblem:(A) leaving a friends gro...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given an adjective, generate its antonym. An antonym of a word is a word opposite in meaning to it.\nQ: nonmetallic\nA: " }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "metallic" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Definition: In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language and the subject of the discussion for the given statement. Your task is to determine if the given subject of the discussion is correct for the given statement. The subject can be multi...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you are given a public comment from online platforms. You are expected to classify the comment into two classes: toxic and non-toxic. Toxicity is defiend as anything that is rude, disrespectful, or unreasonable that would make someone want to leave a converation.\n...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Part 1. Definition\nIn this task, you are given commands (in terms of logical operations) to select relevant rows from the given table. Your job is to generate a natural language interpretation of the given command. \n Here are the definitions of logical operators: \n 1. count: ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Teacher: Given a set of five words, generate the word from the set that does not belong (i.e. is the least relevant) with the other words. Words are separated by commas.\nTeacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:\nexcavator, cran...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Instructions: In this task, you're given a review from Amazon and rating for the product on a scale of 1-5 based on the review. The rating means 1: extremely poor, 2: poor, 3: neutral, 4: good, 5: extremely good. Your task is to generate whether the rating matches the review or ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "This task involves creating questions from a given passage that involve some kind of complex reasoning (including numerical reasoning). \nThe generated questions must require looking at more than one part of the passage to answer. Try to use a variety of reasoning types in your ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given an input list A comprising of numbers and alphabets. You need to extract and sort the unique alphabets in the list. The alphabets in the input list will only be in lowercase. Return -1 if there is no alphabet in the input list.\nPROBL...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task you are given a disfluent question, a proper question and a context. A disfluent question is a question that has some interruptions in it while framing and a proper question is the correct form of the question without any disfluency. Classify whether the question is...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Definition: In this task, you are given a text from tweets. Your task is to classify given tweet text into two categories: 1) positive, and 2) negative based on its content.\nInput: Nothing to do today \nOutput:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "negative" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Teacher:You are given a math word problem and you are supposed to make use of mathematical concepts like probability, combinatorics, linear equations, sequences/series, or simple operators like addition, subtraction, division, or multiplication to answer the given question. Choo...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK DEFINITION: Given a sequence of actions to navigate an agent in its environment, provide the correct command in a limited form of natural language that matches the sequence of actions when executed. Commands are lowercase and encapsulate the logic of the sequence of actions...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Rewrite each original sentence in order to make it easier to understand by non-native speakers of English. You can do so by replacing complex words with simpler synonyms (i.e. paraphrasing), deleting unimportant information (i.e. compression), and/or splitting a long complex sen...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Detailed Instructions: You are given a password and you need to generate the number of steps required to convert the given password to a strong password. A password is considered strong if (a) it has at least 6 characters and at most 20 characters; (b) it contains at least one l...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task you are given data in the tabular format and a question. Write the answer to the question based on the information in the table.\nQ: Table: ['Dutch language group Electoral district (as of 2012)', 'Dutch language group Seats', 'French language group Electoral distri...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Detailed Instructions: We would like you to classify each of the following sets of argument pairs (discussing Death Penalty) into either SIMILAR or NOT SIMILAR. A pair of arguments is considered SIMILAR if the arguments are about the same FACET (making the same argument), and i...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "You will be given a trivia clue, and the category it belongs to. You should answer with the best answer that belongs in the category and is described by the clue. For simplicity, answers should be in all lower cased letters.\n\nCategory: WRITING FUNNY \nClue: Thomas B. Thorpe wr...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Teacher:You are given a short poem which is written by a kid. Your task is to predict if the kid is in elementary school or high school. Anyone who is from grade 1st to 6th-grade will be considered as in elementary school, and 7th to 12th-grade kids will be considered as in high...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you're given an open-domain question. Your task is to provide an answer to the given question. There is only one unique answer for each question. Your answer should be short, and refer to an entity, date, number, etc. Do not put your answer in the context of a sent...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Instructions: In this task, answer 'Yes' if the frequency of the given word in the two sentences is equal, else answer 'No'.\nInput: Sentence1: 'looking at a light aircraft on the tarmac through a fence', Sentence2: 'a kitchen with two stoves a rotisserie and a counter'. Is the ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given a premise, an initial context, an original ending, and a counterfactual context, the task is to generate a new story ending aligned with the counterfactual context and as close to the original ending as possible. Each instance consists of a five-sentence story. The premise...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Detailed Instructions: Given a prompt and four completions, select the completion that is the most plausible in continuing or answering the prompt. This task is designed to test common sense and has various categories ranging between idioms, negated statements, polysemy, subject...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given a sentence and two mentions from the text (arguments), indicate a phrase (a verb or noun phrase) that describes the relationship between the provided arguments.\nQ: Sentence: 'Thailand , like many SE Asia 's countries , had a virtual experience .', Argument/Subject 1: 'tha...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given the title of a five-sentence story and the first four sentences. Your job is to write the last sentence of the story such that it seamlessly connects with the rest of the story.\nProblem:Title: Swarm. Sentence 1: A swarm of bees ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Teacher: In this task, you will be shown a conversation. You need to write a question with three choices for the conversation. Your question should be answerable based on the conversation and only have one correct answer. Note that you don't need to answer your question. \"W\" a...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.\nProblem:Qu...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Q: Given a sequence of actions to navigate an agent in its environment, provide the correct command in a limited form of natural language that matches the sequence of actions when executed. Commands are lowercase and encapsulate the logic of the sequence of actions. Actions are ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "instruction:\nIn this task, you will be presented with a question in Dutch language, and you have to write the part-of-speech tag for each word and punctuation in the question. Here is the list of part-of-speech tags used in this task: Adj: Adjective, Adv: Adverb, Art: Article, ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you will be shown a short story with a beginning, two potential middles, and an ending. Your job is to choose the middle statement that makes the story incoherent / implausible by indicating 1 or 2 in the output. If both sentences are plausible, pick the one that m...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Q: In this task, you are given an input list. A list contains several comma-separated items written within brackets. You need to return the count of all the alphabetical elements in the given list. Return 0 if no alphabetical element in the list\n['4465', '4863', '7799', 's', '5...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a sentence and a gender. The sentence mentions two professions: one's gender is unknown and the other's gender can be identified using the gendered pronouns that refer to them in the text. You are expected to return the professi...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you're given a context passage, followed by a question that needs to be answered. Based on the paragraph, you must write unambiguous answers to the questions and your answer must refer to a specific phrase from the paragraph. If multiple answers seem to exist, writ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.\nYou are given a sentence from a conversation between a human and a virtual assistant. Your task is to identify which one of following five services the sentence is related to - Media, Travel, Flights, ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given an English language product review, determine if it is a Good Review or a Bad Review. A good review is one where the product's review has positive tone and Bad review is one where the tone of product's review is negative.\nOne example is below.\nQ: The sound seems really g...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Teacher:In this task, you are given a list. This list contains many lists of integers. The list is several items written within a []. Your task is to find the maximum number among the members of each inner list. The output should be a list comprised of the maximums with the same...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a dialogue between a user and an assistant, where users and assistants converse about geographic topics like geopolitical entities and locations. The task here is to find if the dialogue is by the user or assistant. Classify you...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a short passage that may convey stereotype, anti-stereotype, or is unrelated. A stereotype is an over-generalized belief about a particular group of people. An anti-stereotype is an idea that goes against a common stereotype. The pass...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Teacher: In this task, you will be presented with a question in Dutch language, and you have to write the person names from the question if present. B denotes the first item of a phrase and an I any non-initial word. Phrase used for the person name - PER. There can be instances ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Instructions: In this task, you are given an input list. A list contains several comma-separated items written within brackets. You need to return the count of all the alphabetical elements in the given list. Return 0 if no alphabetical element in the list\nInput: ['q', '9709']\...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Detailed Instructions: Given a 'poster' sentence and a corresponding 'response' (often, from Facebook or Reddit)classify the sentiment of the given response into four categories: 1) Positive, 2) Negative, 3) Neutral, and 4) Mixed if it contains both positive and negative.\nQ: Po...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given a piece of financial news and its polarity, classify it into 'true' if the polarity is correct and classify into 'false' if the polarity is incorrect. Output must be 'true' or 'false'. \n\nnews:Later on , about 150 Finnish-made houses will be build in the area .\npolarity:...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Definition: In this task, you're given a passage, further information available on a particular linked term from the statement, and an answer term. Your job is to generate a question that can use the information provided to obtain the given answer. You should use the information...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Detailed Instructions: In this task the focus is on physical knowledge about the world. Given the provided goal task in the input, describe a process that would lead to the asked outcome. This process often involves physical motions with objects, such as moving them, arranging t...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you will be presented with a question, and you have to write the part-of-speech tag for each word in the question. Here is the Alphabetical list of part-of-speech tags used in this task: CC: Coordinating conjunction, CD: Cardinal number, DT: Determiner, EX: Existen...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you are given sentences from movie reviews. The task is to classify a sentence as \"POS\" if the sentiment of the sentence is positive or as \"NEG\" if the sentiment of the sentence is negative\n\nInput: Consider Input: The whole talking-animal thing is grisly .\n\...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you're given a pair of sentences, sentence 1 and sentence 2, that agree with each other. Your job is to alter sentence 2 so that the pair contradict each other. Generated sentences must be short, with less than 15 words. New information can be introduced. Avoid usi...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you are given an input list A. You need to find all the elements of the list that are alphabets in the same order as they appear in the list A. Do not change their case/capitalization.\n\n['373', 'J', 'V', '11...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Definition: In this task you will be given a process, and a question. The process contains a sequence of steps that happen in order. The question asks about the effect of a certain event on another event. If the first event has a positive effect on the second event, answer with ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Part 1. Definition\nIn this task, you're given five sentences, numbered 1 through 5, and two options a and b for possible titles for the story. Your job is to choose the title that better fits the story. Indicate your choice by 'a' or 'b'.\nPart 2. Example\nSentence 1: Marcus ne...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Teacher:Given a command in a limited form of natural language, provide the correct sequence of actions that executes the command to thus navigate an agent in its environment. A command can be broken down into many different actions. Actions are uppercase and are individual steps...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task you will be given a list of integers. You should find the maximum absolute difference between 2 integers in the list. The absolute difference is the absolute value of one integer subtracted by another. The output should be a single integer which is the largest possi...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task you are given a sentence with one coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so). You must judge whether the order of two coordinated clausal conjoints have been inverted or not. Inversion would result in the sentence sounding unnatural. Label the in...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given a scientific question, generate a correct answer to it.\n\nQ: Atomic orbitals are populated with what subatomic particles?\n\nA: electrons\n****\nQ: Bog destruction in scotland is an example of the widespread loss of what kind of habitat?\n\nA: wetland\n****\nQ: What bonds...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Q: In this task, you're given a pair of sentences, sentence 1 and sentence 2, that agree with each other. Your job is to alter sentence 2 so that the pair neither agree nor contradict each other. Generated sentences must be short, with less than 15 words. New information can be ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.\nIn this task you will be given a string that only contains single digit numbers spelled out. The input string will not contain spaces between the different numbers. Your task is to return the number th...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a sentence which is either in the Gujarati language or English language. You task is to identify the language of input sentence. Input sentence can be in Gujarari or English language only and also it cannot have two languages at...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you are given dialogue, and you have to find the most critical location in the given conversation.\nOne example: Hello! I would love to learn about Antigua and Barbuda today. \n Antigua and Barbuda is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea. The country is part of th...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "You are given two sentences. You have to find if there is entailment or agreement of the Hypothesis by the Premise. From the given pair of sentences, you should identify if there is enough information in the Premise to support the claim made in the Hypothesis. The Premise may no...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Q: In this task, you are given two statements. The task is to output whether a given textual premise, i.e. Statement 2, entails or implies a given scientific fact, i.e. Statement 1. The output should be 'entails' if Statement 2 supports Statement 1 and should be 'neutral' otherw...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Teacher:Given a negotiation between two participants, answer 'Yes' if both participants agree to the deal, otherwise answer 'No'.\nTeacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: THEM: i can offer you one ball. YOU: ha, i need the hat and 2 balls THEM: i can give yo...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Here are two questions (Question1 and Question2). If these questions have the same meaning and same answer, answer \"Yes\", otherwise \"No\".\n\nQuestion1: Are you homosexual?, Question2: Why did homosexuality appear?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task you will be given a list, of lists, of integers. For every inner list contained in the input list, you should multiply every even number in that list. The output should be a list of integers with the same length as the number of lists in the input list. If there are...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Definition: In this task you will be given a list of integers. You should find the minimum absolute difference between 2 integers in the list. The absolute difference is the absolute value of one integer subtracted by another. The output should be a single integer which is the s...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you are given an input list. A list contains several comma-separated items written within brackets. You need to return the position of all the numerical elements in the given list in order. Assume the position of the 1st element to be 1. Return -1 if no numerical e...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Q: In this task, you're given four sentences of a story written in natural language, and one last sentence (Sentence5). Your job is to classify whether the last sentence completes the rest of the story coherently or not by providing 'Yes' or 'No'.\nSentence1: Becky has a cousin ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "The task is to generate the correct answer for a given math problem.\nQ: Problem: two pipes a and b can separately fill a tank in 16 and 18 minutes respectively . a third pipe c can drain off 45 liters of water per minute . if all the pipes are opened , the tank can be filled in...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a question about part-of-speech tag of a word in the question. You should write the required POS tag answering the question. Here is the Alphabetical list of part-of-speech tags used in this task: CC: Coordinating c...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Teacher: In this task you will be given a list of lists, of numbers. For every inner list, you should multiply every number in that list and put the results in your answer. The output should be a list of numbers with the same length as the number of the lists in the input list.\...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you're given a context, a question, three options, and an answer. Your task is to classify whether the given answer is correct or not by providing 'Yes' or 'No', based on the context with commonsense reasoning about social situations.\n\nContext: Riley enjoyed the ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Q: In this task, you're given a text and question. The question is about the topic of the document. You are expected to generate an incorrect answer. The incorrect answer should be among one of the following categories: 1)Company, 2)Educational Institution, 3)Artist, 4)Athlete, ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you will be shown a conversation. You need to write a question with three choices for the conversation. Your question should be answerable based on the conversation and only have one correct answer. Note that you don't need to answer your question. \"W\" and \"M\" ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Q: Given a set of four words, generate the category that the words belong to. Words are separated by commas. The possible categories are social gathering, accomodation, physical property, measurement unit, corporate, nutritional value, boats, police punishment, location (proximi...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you are given inputs i and A, where i is an integer and A is a list. You need to list all the elements of A preceding the last i elements. i will always have a value less than the length of A.\n\n1, ['7795', 'n', '4325', '3327', 'm', '319', 'I', '417', 'N', '2269',...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you will be shown a conversation and a question. You need to write an implausible answer to the question. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. \"W\" and \"M\" in ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Q: The input is a sentence. The sentence includes an emotion. The goal of the task is to classify the emotion in the sentence to one of the classes: 'fear', 'joy', 'anger', 'sadness'. The emotion mainly depends on the adverb within the sentence.\nI made Jack feel enraged.\nA:" ...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you are given books product reviews in English language. The goal is to classify the review as \"POS\" if the overall sentiment of the review is positive or as \"NEG\" if the overall sentiment of the review is negative.\n\nLet me give you an example: Hopeful for th...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you are given a dialogue between a user and an assistant, where users and assistants converse about geographic topics like geopolitical entities and locations. The task here is to find if the dialogue is by the user or assistant. Classify your answers into user and...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you need to answer the given multiple-choice question on the physics. Classify your answers into 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', and 'e'.\n\nEx Input:\nProblem: a can do a piece of work in 80 days and b in 100 days . they work together for 20 days and then b goes away . in how...
[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you are given the abstract of a research paper. Your task is to generate a summary of this abstract. Your summary should not be very short, but it's better if it's not more than 30 words.\nQ: In this paper, we explore new approaches to combining information encoded...