inputs stringlengths 38 313k | targets stringlengths 0 4.86k | _template_idx int64 0 9 | _task_source stringclasses 1
value | _task_name stringlengths 19 85 | _template_type stringclasses 2
values | embedding listlengths 1.02k 1.02k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
You are given a concept, and a list of answers. You should generate a question about the concept that leads to the given answer(s).
Example input: concept: Cleveland Ohio answers: ['North American Eastern Time Zone']
Example output: what time zone am i in cleveland ohio?
Example explanation: The output is correct based on the information available on the web. Because the time zone is the answer to the question about the concept.
Q: concept: Darth Vader answers: ['Matt Lanter']
A: | who voices anakin in the clone wars? | 3 | NIv2 | task1602_webquestion_question_genreation | fs_opt | [
-0.38771921396255493,
0.28001776337623596,
-0.7507251501083374,
0.1364210993051529,
-0.613281786441803,
-1.3596446514129639,
0.354621946811676,
0.8237019777297974,
0.28741344809532166,
-0.1281394064426422,
0.2590480446815491,
-0.5551677346229553,
-0.7057451009750366,
-0.630772590637207,
... |
Teacher: In this task, you will be shown a conversation. You need to write a question with three choices for the conversation. Your question should be answerable based on the conversation and only have one correct answer. Note that you don't need to answer your question. "W" and "M" in the conversations stand for "woman" and "man".
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
W: The movie next Tuesday has been cancelled due to lack of interest. M: What do you mean? W: Well, by last night only a few tickets has been sold.
Solution: What can we conclude about the movie? (A) They want to buy the tickets for the movie. (B) The tickets for the movie were sold. (C) The movie will not be shown.
Reason: This is a good example. Based on the conversation, the movie has been canceled, and it will not be shown. We could understand that only option (C) is correct. As mentioned in the conversation, only a few tickets have been sold, so option (B) is incorrect. We don't know if they wanted to buy a ticket or not, so option (A) is incorrect as well.
Now, solve this instance: Girl: Dad, can I go to a movie with Sharon? Dad: Yeah, sure, but wait. Weren't you supposed to get a report card sometime this past week? Girl: Well, oh yeah. Can I call Sharon now? Dad: Uh-hum. You didn't answer my question. Did you receive it or not? Girl: I love you Dad! You're the best! Dad: Don't try to butter me up. I can guess that your answer means that you didn't do well in some of your classes? Girl: Well, my English teacher is soooo boring, and he blows up every time someone talks. Dad: In other words, you're not doing so well? Girl: Uh, a C ... minus. Dad: Oh. Well, how are you doing in your Spanish class? You said you liked that one. Girl: Well, I do, but I forgot to turn in a couple of assignments, and I had problems on the last test. All those verbs tripped me up. I get them all mixed up in my head! Dad: Okay, and what about algebra? Girl: Ah, I'm acing that class. No sweat. Dad: Oh! Girl: Can I go now? Dad: And how are you doing in history? Girl: Oh, that's my favorite class. Mr. Jones is always passing out candy if you know the answers to his questions. Dad: Great. Now, I have a bright daughter with tooth decay. Girl: Ah, Dad. Can I go now? Dad: You can go if you answer my history question. How old am I? Girl: Uh, fifty-five? Dad: Fifty-five! You just failed a math and history test at the same time! Girl: Dad ... Dad: Well, okay, but you need to come straight home from the movie, and you need to practice your clarinet. Girl: Oh, I forgot about that grade? Dad: What? Girl: Gotta run, Dad.
Student: | Based on the girl's statements, how would you describe her English teacher? (A) irritable (B) fascinating (C) considerate | 2 | NIv2 | task246_dream_question_generation | fs_opt | [
0.2762832045555115,
-0.011163279414176941,
-0.1845492720603943,
-0.44020283222198486,
0.5189129114151001,
-0.0770152285695076,
0.8713177442550659,
0.7791822552680969,
-0.30676156282424927,
0.006848919205367565,
-0.19751393795013428,
0.1753292977809906,
0.1613367199897766,
-0.06154455244541... |
In this task, you are given an answer, and your task is to generate a reasonable question for that answer.
Example Input: I prefer enchiladas.
Example Output: Do you like burritos
Example Input: I listen to Toni Braxton.
Example Output: Are you into R&B?
Example Input: That is not my favorite genre.
Example Output: | Would you go to a punk rock show?
| 3 | NIv2 | task568_circa_question_generation | fs_opt | [
0.5598689913749695,
0.585952877998352,
0.16290584206581116,
0.9575352668762207,
-0.4000723361968994,
-0.5163594484329224,
0.46540579199790955,
0.2897060513496399,
0.1368902325630188,
-0.4693799614906311,
0.017885815352201462,
-0.008933087810873985,
-0.5621547698974609,
-0.25996458530426025... |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, You are given an amazon food product review and its summary. Your task is to Generate "True" if given review and its summary match, otherwise generate "False".
First of all I love the flavor. Couldn't be happier, it is as described - bold, delicious, loved it. BUT I bought this several times and each time I had problems with my Keurig and the packaging. The K cups would not empty, would overflow, and would make only 1/2 the amount recommended. Keurig would say "prime" repeatedly after using these cups, and I would have to go through the extensive method of re-priming my Keurig. I bought this twice, and (yes, I'm slow), with the second batch realized the problem was the packaging of the K cups. For whatever reason this kept happening. Since I cannot return this item I am stuck with 30 of these that I won't use. I also won't order anything with the blue cups again, especially not this brand. Just to clarify - I am not a serially negative poster, and I have had my Keurig for over 6 months. I've used multiple other brands without a problem. For now I'm sticking with Paul Newman's extra bold. Great flavor and no problems with the K cups.
Summary: Varied reviews, bad coffee
| False | 5 | NIv2 | task590_amazonfood_summary_correction_classification | zs_opt | [
-0.273185670375824,
0.4838118553161621,
0.05295910686254501,
-0.08904032409191132,
-0.47270089387893677,
-0.28743427991867065,
0.6010460257530212,
0.38203585147857666,
-0.1364307552576065,
0.11861924827098846,
0.22110627591609955,
0.088243268430233,
-0.6390483975410461,
0.1372186541557312,... |
Definition: Languages typically provide more than one grammatical construction to express certain types of messages. Your task is to generate a senetence with the same meaning as given sentence, but with different grammatical construction.
Input: John forwarded the woman an email
Output: | John forwarded an email to the woman | 2 | NIv2 | task132_dais_text_modification | zs_opt | [
-0.07827390730381012,
0.7606096267700195,
0.5973480939865112,
-0.37124502658843994,
0.4180346727371216,
-0.6553655862808228,
0.24084384739398956,
-0.22732383012771606,
-0.06445393711328506,
-0.537706732749939,
-0.2852594256401062,
0.35160380601882935,
-0.7393277883529663,
0.176721140742301... |
In this task, you're given a short article. Your job is to classify the article based on its category. Use the following classification labels, 0. World, 1. Sports, 2. Business, 3. Science or Technical. Label the text "0" if it contains information related to world. Label the text "1" if it contains information related to sports. Label the text "2" if it contains information related business. Label the text "3" if it contains science or technical related information.
Q: Chimps Shown Using Not Just a Tool but a "Tool Kit" Wild chimpanzees have been filmed using tools in combination to extract termites from mounds #151;further evidence that tool use is not unique to humans.
A: 3
****
Q: Stock-crash calamity unlikely today Seventy-five years after the 1929 collapse, experts say market tumbles will still occur but a mature US economy is more equipped to handle them.
A: 2
****
Q: US new home sales, loan supply to fall-Fannie CEO US new home sales and new mortgage supply are expected to fall in 2005, but will still run near historically high levels, said Franklin Raines, chief executive officer at Fannie Mae (FNM.
A: | 2
****
| 4 | NIv2 | task1541_agnews_classification | fs_opt | [
-1.2658425569534302,
0.2711395025253296,
-0.8321187496185303,
1.2197133302688599,
0.11482411623001099,
-0.6621138453483582,
-0.3675498068332672,
1.0929639339447021,
-0.48891931772232056,
0.7085675597190857,
-0.7215458750724792,
0.4872189462184906,
-0.4769631326198578,
-0.3026103675365448,
... |
Given two noun phrases (arguments) and relationship between them, form a sentence that expresses theses arguments with the given relationship.
Relationship: 'be baptize in', Argument/Subject 1: 'john', Argument/Subject 2: 'jordan' | When John was baptizing in the Jordan River , we understand the medium to be water . | 0 | NIv2 | task677_ollie_sentence_answer_generation | zs_opt | [
-0.06647205352783203,
0.7688445448875427,
-0.5652092695236206,
-0.17178016901016235,
-0.5330744385719299,
-1.1122310161590576,
0.4896358549594879,
0.4186882972717285,
0.8551915884017944,
-0.11143593490123749,
0.31963425874710083,
-0.5087993144989014,
-0.4819151759147644,
-0.040197744965553... |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
You need to answer a given question containing a blank (_). Your answer must be one of the two objects mentioned in the question, for example "trophy" and "suitcase". Your answer must not contain a word that is not present in the question. Please don't use articles (e.g., the, a) before the answer.
The trumpet had to be blown into the mic to be as audible as the drum because the _ is louder.
Output: | drum | 1 | NIv2 | task033_winogrande_answer_generation | zs_opt | [
-0.07158713042736053,
0.9462793469429016,
-0.051332712173461914,
-0.10695087909698486,
0.4597274661064148,
-0.3583107888698578,
0.7283833622932434,
0.7422370910644531,
0.060270488262176514,
0.33164674043655396,
0.12091739475727081,
-0.08140420913696289,
-0.09659656882286072,
-0.56892949342... |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you are given a natural language interpretation of commands (consist of logical operations) to select relevant rows from the given table. Your job is to generate command (in terms of logical operations) from given natural language interpretation. Define body (contains a collection of statements that define what the this logical operator does) of each logical operator between '{}' parenthesis. Here are the definitions of logical operators that you can use while generating command:
1. count: returns the number of rows in the view.
2. only: returns whether there is exactly one row in the view.
3. hop: returns the value under the header column of the row.
4. and: returns the boolean operation result of two arguments.
5. max/min/avg/sum: returns the max/min/average/sum of the values under the header column.
6. nth_max/nth_min: returns the n-th max/n-th min of the values under the header column.
7. argmax/argmin: returns the row with the max/min value in header column.
8. nth_argmax/nth_argmin: returns the row with the n-th max/min value in header column.
9. eq/not_eq: returns if the two arguments are equal.
10. round_eq: returns if the two arguments are roughly equal under certain tolerance.
11. greater/less: returns if the first argument is greater/less than the second argument.
12. diff: returns the difference between two arguments.
13. filter_eq/ filter_not_eq: returns the subview whose values under the header column is equal/not equal to the third argument.
14. filter_greater/filter_less: returns the subview whose values under the header column is greater/less than the third argument.
15. filter_greater_eq /filter_less_eq: returns the subview whose values under the header column is greater/less or equal than the third argument.
16. filter_all: returns the view itself for the case of describing the whole table
17. all_eq/not_eq: returns whether all the values under the header column are equal/not equal to the third argument.
18. all_greater/less: returns whether all the values under the header column are greater/less than the third argument.
19. all_greater_eq/less_eq: returns whether all the values under the header column are greater/less or equal to the third argument.
20. most_eq/not_eq: returns whether most of the values under the header column are equal/not equal to the third argument.
21. most_greater/less: returns whether most of the values under the header column are greater/less than the third argument.
22. most_greater_eq/less_eq: returns whether most of the values under the header column are greater/less or equal to the third argument.
select the rows whose written by record fuzzily matches to julian jones . the number of such rows is 6 .
| eq { count { filter_eq { all_rows ; written by ; julian jones } } ; 6 } | 5 | NIv2 | task210_logic2text_structured_text_generation | zs_opt | [
0.244587242603302,
0.17680534720420837,
-0.38557079434394836,
0.5582139492034912,
0.15562354028224945,
-0.4026443362236023,
0.44919776916503906,
0.39207297563552856,
0.21904322504997253,
-0.450827956199646,
-0.3218141794204712,
0.06590200960636139,
-0.1825132966041565,
0.34318020939826965,... |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a sentence from the research paper and your task is to classify the given sentence into the following categories: Background (Why is this problem important? What relevant works have been created before? What is still missing in the previous works? What are the high-level research questions? How might this help other research or researchers?), Purpose (What specific things do the researchers want to do? What specific knowledge do the researchers want to gain? What specific hypothesis do the researchers want to test?), Method (How did the researchers do the work or find what they sought? What are the procedures and steps of the research?), or Finding (What did the researchers find out? Did the proposed methods work? Did the thing behave as the researchers expected?).
Q: Therefore , HMBS and HPRT1 are recommended as the two most stable reference genes for the normalization of gene expression data at different stages of eggshell formation in brown-egg laying hens.
A: | finding | 9 | NIv2 | task1163_coda19_section_classification | zs_opt | [
-0.3153578042984009,
0.48420780897140503,
-0.1368316262960434,
-0.01385318860411644,
-0.05616309493780136,
-0.5311713218688965,
-0.3043198883533478,
0.25472384691238403,
0.35592833161354065,
-0.4060509502887726,
-1.4723834991455078,
0.18101923167705536,
0.09482942521572113,
-0.018777681514... |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
You are given a sentence in Spanish. Your job is to translate the Spanish sentence into Hebrew.
Example: Pero comenzamos con la idea de un niño por vez.
Output: אבל התחלנו לממש את הרעיון של ללמד כל ילד בנפרד.
The Spanish sentence is correctly translated into Hebrew, because the meaning is preserved.
New input case for you: En teoría, somos seres humanos racionales, que piensan.
Output: | בתאוריה, אנחנו חושבים, בני אדם הגיוניים. | 1 | NIv2 | task1229_ted_translation_es_he | fs_opt | [
-0.7849993109703064,
0.5884729623794556,
0.1937844604253769,
-0.20190107822418213,
-0.34995943307876587,
0.16599003970623016,
0.7489045262336731,
0.49198684096336365,
0.5677740573883057,
-0.5120552778244019,
-0.15022066235542297,
0.3357473313808441,
-0.41625434160232544,
-0.131329119205474... |
A text is given in Gujarati. Translate it from the Gujarati language to the Urdu language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
[EX Q]: سمندری اور ساحلی وسائل کا تحفظ ۔
[EX A]: દરિયાઈ અને સાગરકાંઠાના સ્રોતોની જાળવણી
[EX Q]: وزیراعظم چندر یان- 2 کے اترنے کا آخری منظر دیکھیں گے
[EX A]: પ્રધાનમંત્રી ચંદ્રયાન-2ના અંતિમ ઉતરણના સાક્ષી બનશે
[EX Q]: سری لنکا کے صدرنے کہاہے کہ وہ پورے زورسے ان رپوٹوں کی تردید کرتے ہیں، جو میڈیا کے چند گوشوں کے ذریعہ منظرعام پرلائی گئی ہیں اوران میں ان کے بارے میں کہاگیاہے کہ وہ سری لنکاکے صدراور ایک سابق دفاعی سیکریٹری کے قتل کے منصوبے اور ساز ش میں مبینہ طورپرشریک ہیں ۔
[EX A]: | શ્રીલંકાનાં રાષ્ટ્રપતિએ જણાવ્યું હતું કે, શ્રીલંકાનાં રાષ્ટ્રપતિ અને ભૂતપૂર્વ ગૃહ સચિવની હત્યાનાં કથિત ષડયંત્રમાં કોઈ પણ રીતે ભારતની સાંઠગાંઠ હોવાનાં મીડિયામાં પ્રકાશિત થયેલા અહેવાલોને તેમણે સ્પષ્ટપણે નકારી કાઢ્યાં છે.
| 6 | NIv2 | task1002_pib_translation_urdu_gujarati | fs_opt | [
-1.1724885702133179,
0.44143030047416687,
-0.30593591928482056,
-0.5607739686965942,
-0.4282130002975464,
-0.7717050909996033,
0.6107815504074097,
-0.2369016855955124,
-0.45321160554885864,
-0.7335258722305298,
0.23219682276248932,
0.15268880128860474,
-0.6935141682624817,
0.41163772344589... |
Detailed Instructions: A text is given in Gujarati. Translate it from the Gujarati language to the Marathi language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Problem:इथल्या हार्ट लंग क्रिटिकल केअर तर्फे दर महिन्यात असे शिबीर घेतले जाते. ह्या शिबिरांत अनेक प्रकारच्या रोगांवर मोफत इलाज करण्याची सोय असते.
Solution: | અહીંના Heart Lungs Critical Centralની તરફથી દર મહિને આવા મેડિકલ કેમ્પ લગાવવામાં આવે છે. જયાં અનેક પ્રકારની બિમારીઓની મફત તપાસ અને ઇલાજની વ્યવસ્થા થાય છે. | 8 | NIv2 | task984_pib_translation_marathi_gujarati | zs_opt | [
0.13108572363853455,
-0.22323475778102875,
-0.45172977447509766,
-0.32577550411224365,
0.09994140267372131,
-1.667042851448059,
0.6945734024047852,
-0.23122628033161163,
-0.42790424823760986,
-0.6561094522476196,
-0.6725396513938904,
-0.5279524326324463,
-0.8824672102928162,
0.593723595142... |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a sentence in the Hindi language and a corresponding English translation of the Hindi sentence. Your task is to generate a label "Yes" if the translation is correct, otherwise generate label "No". In the translation, English sentence should preserve the number as it is and it should be in sentence case (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and noun).
Problem:Hindi: जहाँ पर भगवान शंकर पार्वती जी को भगवान श्री राम की कथा सुना रहे थे वहाँ कागा (कौवा) का एक घोसला था और उसके भीतर बैठा कागा भी उस कथा को सुन रहा था।
English: Where Lord Shiv explaining this story to Parvati there was a nest of crow and a crow inthat nest was also listening the story.
Solution: | Yes | 8 | NIv2 | task426_hindienglish_corpora_hi-en_classification | zs_opt | [
-0.8226744532585144,
-0.10186819732189178,
0.5510654449462891,
0.2936602830886841,
-0.21055611968040466,
-0.947169303894043,
0.11540558189153671,
0.24142464995384216,
-0.5630233287811279,
-0.4448814392089844,
0.2932794690132141,
0.11150367558002472,
-0.389320433139801,
0.5378990769386292,
... |
Instructions: Given a sentence in Vietnamese, generate a new Vietnamese sentence by performing small changes on the sentence. Here, make sure that the changes are semantically related and syntactically similar to the input. And the generated sentence should have high commonsense plausibility, that is to have reasonable probability of it being true.
Input: Bạn có thể giữ một con sư tử để đáng sợ dưới sự xâm nhập của kẻ xâm nhập.
Output: | Anh có thể có nghĩa là một con sư tử để đáng sợ hay kẻ xâm lược. | 3 | NIv2 | task411_mickey_vi_sentence_perturbation_generation | zs_opt | [
-0.27435195446014404,
0.4398179054260254,
-0.0591067373752594,
0.12371134012937546,
-0.2541987895965576,
-0.6848070621490479,
0.18397223949432373,
1.3289451599121094,
-0.03141620010137558,
0.20049001276493073,
-0.31901606917381287,
0.1349230408668518,
-0.4186675548553467,
-0.32588577270507... |
Teacher:In this task, you are given Yelp reviews. The task is to classify a review as "POSITIVE" if the overall sentiment of the review is positive or as "NEGATIVE" if the overall sentiment of the review is negative.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: I have banked at Nevada Federal, now One Nevada for the 10 years I have been in Vegas. The service has always been lackluster but has only gotten worse of late. I refuse to go to one of the \""bailout banks\"" and am frustrated by the lack of options. Luckily I am a member of USAA and have opened an account there again after 10 years. I am in the process of winding down my accounts at One Nevada and frankly can't wait to be done with them.
Student: | NEGATIVE | 6 | NIv2 | task475_yelp_polarity_classification | zs_opt | [
-0.9651098251342773,
0.2568126320838928,
0.14361976087093353,
-0.297211229801178,
0.19495528936386108,
-0.5965036153793335,
0.8533456325531006,
1.1104300022125244,
0.5943863391876221,
0.27505090832710266,
0.5377199649810791,
0.012348626740276814,
-0.5114108920097351,
-0.2535506784915924,
... |
Detailed Instructions: Given an Amazon customer review, write a title for the review. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Problem:I see there's a new version of this carder with a faster read speed, but for the $15 or so I paid this was a no-brainer as an upgrade for my Galaxy S4.
Solution: | Name-brand, dirt-cheap MicroSD storage | 8 | NIv2 | task1342_amazon_us_reviews_title | zs_opt | [
-0.09356071054935455,
0.2479238510131836,
-0.5165119171142578,
-0.39317193627357483,
0.4873625338077545,
-0.23329325020313263,
0.2958749830722809,
0.3800030052661896,
0.7833549976348877,
0.32502126693725586,
0.21277135610580444,
0.09893534332513809,
-0.3904031217098236,
-0.1503720283508300... |
Definition: This task is about using the specified sentence and converting the sentence to Resource Description Framework (RDF) triplets of the form (subject, predicate object). The RDF triplets generated must be such that the triplets accurately capture the structure and semantics of the input sentence. The input is a sentence and the output is a list of triplets of the form [subject, predicate, object] that capture the relationships present in the sentence. When a sentence has more than 1 RDF triplet possible, the output must contain all of them.
Input: The Forward - center is from San Jose State.
Output: | [['Darnell Hillman', 'POSITION', 'Forward-Center'], ['Darnell Hillman', 'COLLEGE', 'San Jose State']] | 2 | NIv2 | task1410_dart_relationship_extraction | zs_opt | [
-0.16750091314315796,
0.2343689501285553,
-0.27859795093536377,
-0.47403597831726074,
-0.5263165235519409,
0.29519006609916687,
1.0536210536956787,
0.2392115294933319,
0.4356871545314789,
-0.6028236150741577,
-0.8735222816467285,
-0.21474520862102509,
-0.4998694956302643,
0.371422648429870... |
In this task, you are given inputs i and A, where i is an integer and A is a list. You need to output the first i elements of A, starting with the 1st element in A. i will always have a value less than the length of A
Example: 3, ['a', '34', 'f', '931', '7', '3432', '13245', '762']
Example solution: a, 34, f
Example explanation: Here, the first 3 elements from the list are 'a', '34', and 'f'.
Problem: 1, ['C', '5449', 'N']
| Solution: C | 5 | NIv2 | task063_first_i_elements | fs_opt | [
0.2528232932090759,
0.3545064926147461,
-0.37299859523773193,
-0.5743941068649292,
-0.14494968950748444,
0.04045744985342026,
0.7765294909477234,
0.3078066110610962,
0.08683252334594727,
-0.3377692401409149,
-1.2513197660446167,
-0.323036253452301,
-0.05288373678922653,
-0.7153531312942505... |
Instructions: This task involves creating questions from a given passage that involve some kind of complex reasoning (including numerical reasoning).
The generated questions must require looking at more than one part of the passage to answer. Try to use a variety of reasoning types in your questions (some of the sample reasoning types are illustrated in the 'positive examples' field) and also have a variety of answer types (spans, numbers, dates). A span is a continuous phrase taken directly from the passage or question. In such questions, the answer spans are recommended to be five words. Questions with answer type "number", are expected to start with "How many". For instance, "How long did an event last?" can be phrased as "How many years did an event last?". To increase diversity, try to create more questions for which the answer will be multiple spans. Please create questions that require AT LEAST 2 arithmetic operations as illustrated in the 'positive examples' field. You are encouraged to try DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS of operations and not just limit to the combinations shown in those examples. The more challenging questions you create, the better it is.
Input: Passage: Immigration is an essential component of the population. Results of the 2011 Population Census indicated that 326,376 (59.1% of the total population) were born outside Macau, an increase of 3.0 percentage points over the last ten years. Analysed by place of birth, 255,186 (46.2%) were born in Mainland China, down by 1.2 percentage points from 2001. 226,127 (40.9%) were born in Macau, 19,355 (3.5%) in Hong Kong and 1,835 (0.3%) in Portugal. There were more persons born in other countries or territories as the number of non-resident workers increased. Among them, 14,544 were born in the Philippines, 7,199 in Vietnam and 6,269 in Indonesia, altogether taking up 5.1% of the total population. 1,942 were born in Europe other than Portugal, 2,252 in Americas, 959 in Africa and 672 in Oceania. Analysed by age group, 85.2% of the youth population (aged 0-14) were born in Macau, and 62.9% of those aged 35 and above were born in Mainland China.
Output: | How many percent of people aged 0-14 were not born in Macau? | 3 | NIv2 | task026_drop_question_generation | zs_opt | [
0.7732341289520264,
0.4336826205253601,
-0.729332685470581,
-0.19673623144626617,
-0.008780421689152718,
0.21068090200424194,
0.07471340894699097,
0.5477247834205627,
0.22864922881126404,
0.5193239450454712,
-0.982600212097168,
0.33449822664260864,
-1.2639846801757812,
0.2554364800453186,
... |
Detailed Instructions: In this task you will be given a passage and a yes/no question based on the passage. You should answer the question using the information from the passage.
Q: passage: The Pacific miniseries features the 1st Marine Division's battles in the Pacific, such as Guadalcanal, Cape Gloucester, Peleliu, and Okinawa, as well as Basilone's involvement in the Battle of Iwo Jima. It is based primarily on the memoirs of two U.S. Marines: With the Old Breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa by Eugene Sledge and Helmet for My Pillow by Robert Leckie. It also draws on Sledge's memoir China Marine and Red Blood, Black Sand, the memoir of Chuck Tatum, a Marine who fought alongside Basilone on Iwo Jima.
question: is the pacific based on a true story?
A: | Yes | 9 | NIv2 | task380_boolq_yes_no_question | zs_opt | [
-0.6348384618759155,
-0.26463449001312256,
-0.5082745552062988,
-0.6145970821380615,
-0.09309852868318558,
-0.906798243522644,
1.1901051998138428,
-0.5437946319580078,
0.46714675426483154,
0.022676844149827957,
0.28843259811401367,
0.23229345679283142,
-0.9755758047103882,
0.16972446441650... |
Teacher: In this task the focus is on physical knowledge about the world. Given the provided goal task in the input, describe a process that would lead to the asked outcome. This process often involves physical motions with objects, such as moving them, arranging them in a certain way, mixing them, shaking them, etc.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
How do you remove keys from a computer keyboard for cleaning?
Solution: Place the tip of a knife under the corner of a key and gently twist to pop it off.
Reason: The process of removing keys from a keyboard for cleaning is descriptive and logical.
Now, solve this instance: How do you prepare a margarita glass?
Student: | Cut a lime wedge. Wet the rim of the glass with the lime wedge. Spread a thin layer of kosher salt on a plate and dip the moistened rim of the glass into the salt. Finally push the middle of the flesh of the lime wedge onto the rim of the glass until the rim touches the inside of the peel. Leave the lime wedge on the rim of the glass. | 2 | NIv2 | task080_piqa_answer_generation | fs_opt | [
-0.055695176124572754,
0.5933997631072998,
-0.6037134528160095,
0.022130003198981285,
-0.20678295195102692,
-0.4042684733867645,
-0.43870753049850464,
0.4964140057563782,
0.10844962298870087,
0.1507178544998169,
0.0770723968744278,
0.2410108745098114,
-0.4099874794483185,
0.020335026085376... |
You are given a conversation between two people. 'Person1:' and 'Person2:' are used to separate their respective dialogues. You are required to assign a label 'formal' if there is an absence of emotion and a presence of questions anywhere within the conversation. If such pattern is not found assign the label 'informal'.
Input: Consider Input: Person1: Amy , could you help me with this work ?
Person2:Sorry , I'm busy . Why don't you ask Alice ?
Person1: Okay .
Output: informal
Input: Consider Input: Person1: Hey Lydia , what are you reading ?
Person2:I ’ m looking at my horoscope for this month ! My outlook is very positive . It says that I should take a vacation to someplace exotic , and that I will have a passionate summer fling !
Person1: What are you talking about ? Let me see that ... What are horoscopes ?
Person2:It ’ s a prediction of your month , based on your zodiac sign . You have a different sign for the month and date you were born in . I was born on April 15th , so I ’ m an Aries . When were you born ?
Person1: January 5th .
Person2:Let ’ s see . . . you ’ re a Capricorn . It says that you will be feeling stress at work , but you could see new , exciting developments in your love life . Looks like we ’ ll both have interesting summers !
Person1: That ’ s bogus . I don ’ t feel any stress at work , and my love life is practically nonexistent . This zodiac stuff is all a bunch of nonsense .
Person2:No , it ’ s not , your astrology sign can tell you a lot about your personality . See ? It says that an Aries is energetic and loves to socialize .
Person1: Well , you certainly match those criteria , but they ’ re so broad they could apply to anyone . What does it say about me ?
Person2:A Capricorn is serious-minded and practical . She likes to do things in conventional ways . That sounds just like you !
Output: formal
Input: Consider Input: Person1: Look ! The girl is so beautiful and she is smiling at me . She is lovely .
Person2:I can't agree with you . She's pretty , but she always blows hot and cold .
Person1: What makes you think so ?
Person2:She's my sister , you know .
| Output: informal
| 2 | NIv2 | task1533_daily_dialog_formal_classification | fs_opt | [
-0.17274150252342224,
0.13488797843456268,
-0.5454893708229065,
0.030854482203722,
0.2572513520717621,
-0.9636445045471191,
0.35908761620521545,
0.16876354813575745,
-0.19630050659179688,
0.061084285378456116,
-0.3380975127220154,
-0.4951377809047699,
-0.4320249557495117,
0.350765675306320... |
instruction:
In this task, you will be given a passage, a question and a list of single-word events identified from the passage. The goal is to point out all events from the given event list that can answer the question. If a question is unanswerable or none of the events answer the question, output should be empty.
question:
Passage: Tang expressed the hope that young political figures of the Komei Party carry forward the tradition of friendship, actively make pragmatic exchanges and cooperation in various fields, and contribute more to the improvement and development of China-Japan relations. Ueda Osamu said the Komei Party always upholds the strong desire to promote Japan-China friendship, noting that the Komei Party will continue its efforts to further push forward the friendly ties between the two sides. Question: What happened after Ueda Osamu spoke? Events: ['expressed', 'carry', 'make', 'exchanges', 'cooperation', 'contribute', 'improvement', 'development', 'said', 'upholds', 'promote', 'noting', 'continue', 'push']
answer:
question:
Passage: As Jaguar's biggest holder and Britain's biggest car maker, Ford could turn up the heat by convening a special shareholders' meeting and urging holders to drop the limits early. Ford might succeed because many shareholders are speculators keen for a full bid or institutional investors unhappy over Jaguar management's handling of its current financial difficulties. Question: What began before the current financial difficulties? Events: ['turn', 'convening', 'meeting', 'urging', 'drop', 'succeed', 'are', 'bid', 'handling', 'difficulties']
answer:
question:
Passage: "Our action to order the suspension followed its decision, and the decision was made at its own discretion," the finance minister said. Mitsuzuka said the ministry would take step "to protect policy holders" and was preparing measures to assume control of the company's assets. Question: What started after the action was taken to order the suspension? Events: ['action', 'order', 'suspension', 'followed', 'decision', 'decision', 'made', 'discretion', 'said', 'said', 'protect', 'preparing', 'measures', 'assume', 'control', 'take']
answer:
| suspension
| 9 | NIv2 | task390_torque_text_span_selection | fs_opt | [
0.6027953028678894,
-0.32586556673049927,
-0.2820354998111725,
-0.3856227993965149,
0.24192778766155243,
0.2071601003408432,
0.8724340796470642,
1.0427278280258179,
-0.3462330400943756,
0.16794107854366302,
0.2910154163837433,
0.3224552869796753,
-0.12559007108211517,
0.7253115177154541,
... |
In this task, you're given a statement, the genre to which that statement belongs, and a label indicating if the statement should be agreed with (entailment), disagreed with (contradiction), or neither (neutral). Your job is to write a sentence that describes the genre that follows the tone with respect to the statement, as indicated by the label. If sentence X agrees with sentence Y, the can be concluded from one another. If sentence X disagrees with sentence Y, they can not be correct at the same time. The sentence must also belong to the genre specified.
Let me give you an example: Statement: Next to the MGM Grand you will find M and M World.
Label: neutral.
Genre: travel.
The answer to this example can be: The candy has many fans who love its attractions.
Here is why: When the given label is neutral, it means that you should write a sentence that neither agrees with the statement, nor disagrees with it. We don't know if the candy has many fans, hence the sentence is neutral. The places are specifically pointed out and referred to as attractions, so the given sentence is in the same genre.
OK. solve this:
Statement: Promising relationships are singled out and those that seem uninteresting are set aside.
Label: entailment.
Genre: government.
Answer: | There is a search for promising relationships. | 8 | NIv2 | task203_mnli_sentence_generation | fs_opt | [
-0.5452570915222168,
0.17267972230911255,
0.2272413671016693,
0.1649828404188156,
0.3994210660457611,
-0.7750717997550964,
-0.38052865862846375,
0.7512587904930115,
0.06080156937241554,
-0.3324751853942871,
-0.3359334468841553,
-0.20862439274787903,
-0.7666012048721313,
-0.1511779278516769... |
TASK DEFINITION: This task involves creating questions from a given passage that involve some kind of complex reasoning (including numerical reasoning).
The generated questions must require looking at more than one part of the passage to answer. Try to use a variety of reasoning types in your questions (some of the sample reasoning types are illustrated in the 'positive examples' field) and also have a variety of answer types (spans, numbers, dates). A span is a continuous phrase taken directly from the passage or question. In such questions, the answer spans are recommended to be five words. Questions with answer type "number", are expected to start with "How many". For instance, "How long did an event last?" can be phrased as "How many years did an event last?". To increase diversity, try to create more questions for which the answer will be multiple spans. Please create questions that require AT LEAST 2 arithmetic operations as illustrated in the 'positive examples' field. You are encouraged to try DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS of operations and not just limit to the combinations shown in those examples. The more challenging questions you create, the better it is.
PROBLEM: Passage: Reid pleaded guilty to all eight counts on 4 October 2002. On 31 January 2003, he was sentenced by Judge William Young to the maximum of three consecutive life sentences and 110 years with no possibility of parole. Reid was also fined the maximum of $250,000 on each count, a total of $2 million. During the sentencing hearing, Reid said he was an enemy of the United States and in league with al-Qaeda. When Reid said he was a soldier of God under the command of Osama bin Laden, Judge Young responded:.
SOLUTION: How many counts was Reid fined $250,000 for?
PROBLEM: Passage: After World War I, public opinion in the United States began to run against the occupation. Warren G. Harding, who succeeded Wilson in March 1921, had campaigned against the occupations of both Haiti and the Dominican Republic. In June 1921, United States representatives presented a withdrawal proposal, known as the Harding Plan, which called for Dominican ratification of all acts of the military government, approval of a loan of $2.5 million USD for public works and other expenses, the acceptance of United States officers for the constabulary—now known as the National Guard —and the holding of elections under United States supervision. Popular reaction to the plan was overwhelmingly negative. Moderate Dominican leaders, however, used the plan as the basis for further negotiations that resulted in an agreement between U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes and Dominican Ambassador to the United States Francisco J. Peynado on June 30, 1922, allowing for the selection of a provisional president to rule until elections could be organized. Under the supervision of High Commissioner Sumner Welles, Juan Bautista Vicini Burgos assumed the provisional presidency on October 21, 1922. In the presidential election of March 15, 1924, Horacio Vásquez Lajara, an American ally who cooperated with the United States government, handily defeated Peynado. Vásquez's Alliance Party also won a comfortable majority in both houses of Congress. With his inauguration on July 13, control of the republic returned to Dominican hands.
SOLUTION: How many months after Warren G. Harding succeeded Wilson was the Harding Plan presented?
PROBLEM: Passage: Stabler finished the game with 12 out of 19 pass completions for 180 yards and 1 touchdown. Davis, who was the top rusher in the game, gained 137 yards on just 16 rushing attempts, an average of 8.5 yards per carry. Of Davis 16 carries, 11 were runs to the left side, which is where the blocking of guard Gene Upshaw, tackle Art Shell and Casper dominated defensive end Jim Marshall (gridiron football) and linebacker Wally Hilgenberg. Marshall made no tackles in the game and Hilgenberg made only two. Casper finished the game with 4 receptions for 70 yards and 1 touchdown. Colzie returned 4 punts for a Super Bowl record 43 yards. Foreman had a solid performance for Minnesota, contributing 44 rushing yards and 62 receiving yards. Tarkenton completed 17 out of 35 pass attempts for 205 yards, 1 touchdown, and 2 interceptions. White recorded 163 total yards, catching 5 passes for 77 yards and 1 touchdown, rushing once for 7 yards, and returning 4 kickoffs for 79 yards. The Raiders won their first Super Bowl and according to Brown, winning Super Bowl XI "made up for the other Raiders who came before and didn’t have a chance to participate on a winning Super Bowl team. This victory meant not only a lot to me, it meant a lot to the entire Raider organization." The win was particularly satisfying for Brown, who scored a Super Bowl touchdown and earned his first championship ring after 14 years of professional football.
SOLUTION: | How many of Davis's carries were not runs to the left side?
| 8 | NIv2 | task026_drop_question_generation | fs_opt | [
0.8012651205062866,
0.08355797827243805,
-0.6600010991096497,
0.24668103456497192,
0.33211326599121094,
0.05032241344451904,
0.9181200265884399,
0.329385370016098,
-0.24339354038238525,
0.5108627080917358,
-0.5179171562194824,
0.2513315975666046,
-0.7312787771224976,
0.15661612153053284,
... |
You are given a question or fill-in-the-blank question, two answer options (Option1 and Option2) and an Explanation. Your task is to find the correct answer (return the string of the correct option, not option1/2) for the given question from the given options and using explanation.
Ex Input:
Question: If Milo is listening to the radio and he moves closer to the radio in the room, what happens to the sound waves entering his ear?
Option1: they spread out less
Option2: they spread out more
Explanation: The farther the sound waves travel away from the source, the more spread out their energy becomes.
Ex Output:
they spread out less
Ex Input:
Question: A large object will have _____ momentum than a small object.
Option1: more
Option2: less
Explanation: The more mass a moving object has or the faster its moving, the greater its momentum.
Ex Output:
more
Ex Input:
Question: If Milo cuts himself shaving and loses a lot of blood, what happens to his blood pressure?
Option1: increases
Option2: decreases
Explanation: If blood volume in the body decreases, blood pressure decreases.
Ex Output:
| decreases
| 1 | NIv2 | task178_quartz_question_answering | fs_opt | [
0.287514328956604,
0.2955801784992218,
-0.9520978331565857,
1.045572280883789,
0.30585092306137085,
-0.37801408767700195,
0.6623997092247009,
0.6576032638549805,
0.007581314537674189,
-0.038426473736763,
-0.6325506567955017,
-0.511561930179596,
-1.0432887077331543,
-0.4534393548965454,
0... |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task you will be given a list, of lists, of numbers. Each list is presented with brackets and comma-separated values. For example, a list of numbers is [1,2,3] and a list of two lists of numbers is [[1,2],[3,4,6]]. You should sum up the values at every position of every inner list and put it as an element of your answer, that is, you should sum the first members of each inner list together and put it as the first element of the list, then sum the second members of each inner list together and put it as the second element of your list, etc. The output should be a list of numbers with the same length as the longest inner list.
[[75, 59, 9, 31, -19, 44, -29, 88, -47], [27, 8, -84, 2, 39, 58], [90, 36, -1, 75, -40, -39, 56, 10, 88], [51, 21, 70, 96, -16, -23, 51], [-36, 43, -46, -37], [52, 17, 66, -47, -46, -70, -30], [31, -48, 67]]
| [290, 136, 81, 120, -82, -30, 48, 98, 41] | 5 | NIv2 | task122_conala_list_index_addition | zs_opt | [
0.3027709126472473,
-0.350297212600708,
-0.33301353454589844,
-0.26770707964897156,
0.05797595530748367,
-0.22390514612197876,
0.7477995157241821,
0.6820715665817261,
-0.30523037910461426,
-0.1649576723575592,
-0.9047328233718872,
0.15667307376861572,
-0.1948346644639969,
-0.07177586853504... |
In this task, you're given the title of a story consisting of five sentences, numbered 1 through 5. Your job is to determine which two sentences need to be swapped sentences in order to make a story that makes complete sense and is befittingly titled. Indicate your answer using the numbers of the two sentences in order, such as '34' or '25'. The first digit refers to the sentence which should come first in the story.
Input: Consider Input: Title: Praise. Sentence 1: The counselor called her into his office. Sentence 2: She told him more than she had told anyone. Sentence 3: He talked to her about her home life. Sentence 4: He told her she was a very strong girl. Sentence 5: He gave her some pamphlets on how to get help.
Output: 23
Input: Consider Input: Title: State Fair. Sentence 1: Shauna went to the state fair. Sentence 2: She asked someone what had happen. Sentence 3: When she got there it was nowhere in sight. Sentence 4: She expected to go to the livestock show. Sentence 5: All of the livestock was stuck in Texas.
Output: 24
Input: Consider Input: Title: Locked Out. Sentence 1: There was a massive comet passing over the sky. Sentence 2: When it was over he headed back down to his house. Sentence 3: It was the most beautiful thing Eric had ever seen. Sentence 4: Eric went onto his so he could watch it. Sentence 5: The door was locked and Eric forgot the key, but it was worth it.
| Output: 42
| 2 | NIv2 | task218_rocstories_swap_order_answer_generation | fs_opt | [
-0.22040152549743652,
-0.055720701813697815,
-0.11665936559438705,
-0.008493331260979176,
0.45243868231773376,
-0.35939928889274597,
-0.3516162633895874,
1.3954741954803467,
-0.2175590991973877,
0.5835108757019043,
-0.9069099426269531,
-0.11477440595626831,
-0.5622740387916565,
-0.24735102... |
In this task, you will be presented with a question in Dutch language, and you have to write the location names from the question if present. B denotes the first item of a phrase and an I any non-initial word. Identifier used for the location name - LOC. . There can be instances with no location name entity, then return 'None'.
VÃÂÂer op vijf . "
None
Maar ondanks die mindere nachtrust blijft de schooldag even lang duren en is hij net zo veeleisend .
None
" De conditie is goed , maar niet super .
| None
| 0 | NIv2 | task1546_conll2002_location_name_extraction_answer_generation | fs_opt | [
0.37061139941215515,
0.27874431014060974,
-0.04249555245041847,
-0.17420339584350586,
-0.4665651321411133,
-0.23515444993972778,
0.8988387584686279,
0.22021673619747162,
0.4738547205924988,
-0.6955662965774536,
-0.7633723020553589,
0.36251193284988403,
-0.44893398880958557,
0.0366479270160... |
Part 1. Definition
A text is given in Gujarati. Translate it from the Gujarati language to the Urdu language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Part 2. Example
તેમણે અમેઠીમાં કલાશ્નિકોવ એસોલ્ટ રાયફલનુ ઉત્પાદન કરનાર સંયુક્ત સાહસ ઇન્ડો-રશિયન રાયફલ્સ પ્રા
Answer: مشترکہ وینچر انڈو-روسی رائفلز amethi میں tendorov حملہ Rayfalenu کی پیداوار
Explanation: Correct translation for given sentence. Input sentence means 'Joint Venture Indo-Russian Rifles Producing Tendarov Assault Rayfillenu in Amethi' which is the same as the output sentence.
Part 3. Exercise
રેલવે સંચાલન, વ્યવસ્થાપન અને નિયમનનું આધુનીકરણ;
Answer: | (سی)ریلوے کے آپریشنز، انتظامیہ اور قواعد وضوابط کی جدیدیت۔ | 7 | NIv2 | task1001_pib_translation_gujarati_urdu | fs_opt | [
-0.17765986919403076,
0.4328194260597229,
0.26776033639907837,
-0.6462162137031555,
-0.021157581359148026,
-0.08960602432489395,
0.6926569938659668,
0.45508405566215515,
0.05567294359207153,
-0.5205978751182556,
-1.02237069606781,
0.02515500783920288,
-0.682796835899353,
0.1076003238558769... |
Definition: In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story.
Input: Sentence1: Neil had just arrived in Turkey. Sentence2: He set out to explore the city of Antioch. Sentence3: He saw many churches and cathedrals. Sentence4: Then he had an excellent lunch of street food. Sentence5: Neil really loved Antioch!
Output: | Neil | 2 | NIv2 | task292_storycommonsense_character_text_generation | zs_opt | [
0.0468585342168808,
-0.15957462787628174,
0.2922148108482361,
0.03729981929063797,
0.26692914962768555,
-0.5054049491882324,
0.858253002166748,
-0.02747366763651371,
0.18856677412986755,
0.46410489082336426,
0.020903408527374268,
-0.3023591637611389,
-0.8435245752334595,
0.3807823657989502... |
This task is about translating a given Yoruba language sentence to English.
[Q]: Ó dùn wá pé arákùnrin wa kan kú nígbà tí omi gbé ilé rẹ̀ lọ.
[A]: Sadly, one of our brothers died when his home was swept away in the flood.
[Q]: Ṣùgbọ́n kí ènìyán lè ní ìmáradúró nígbà mìíràn ni ọ̀nà kan ṣoṣo tí a lè fi ran àwọn tí wọ́n rọkiriká wa lọ́wọ́.
[A]: But being able to have that self-control is sometimes the only way that we are able to help those around us.
[Q]: Wọ́n ń wàásù fún àwọn èèyàn tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó mílíọ̀nù kan àtààbọ̀ tó ń sọ èdè Kwanyama ní orílẹ̀-èdè Àǹgólà àti Nàmíbíà.
[A]: | These preach to an estimated 1.4 million people who speak Kwanyama, primarily in Angola and Namibia.
| 5 | NIv2 | task1686_menyo20k_translation | fs_opt | [
0.4140236973762512,
0.9036529660224915,
-0.13971936702728271,
-0.6213034987449646,
-0.05137302726507187,
-1.275816559791565,
-0.08718647062778473,
0.41776326298713684,
-0.7608455419540405,
0.11725008487701416,
-0.012144581414759159,
-0.0038578324019908905,
-0.8735356330871582,
-0.342002332... |
In this task, you will be given a list of integers. You should remove all of the odd integers from the list(consider 0 an even number). If every integer in the input list is odd then an empty list ("[]") should be returned. Otherwise, answer with the list of even numbers separated by comma inside brackets.
Let me give you an example: [1, 8, 0, 2, 9]
The answer to this example can be: [8, 0, 2]
Here is why: 1 and 9 are removed from the list because they are odd numbers.
OK. solve this:
[-8, -93, 82]
Answer: | [-8, 82] | 8 | NIv2 | task369_synthetic_remove_odds | fs_opt | [
-0.5642794966697693,
0.6373221278190613,
-0.1596507728099823,
-0.7571233510971069,
0.07330700755119324,
-0.6222805976867676,
0.835940957069397,
0.355377733707428,
0.016197482123970985,
0.578689455986023,
-0.7517581582069397,
-0.2725837528705597,
-0.30654263496398926,
-0.4826709032058716,
... |
In this task, you are given a text of article and corresponding title of an article. Your task is to generate label "yes" if headline (title) is right for article, otherwise generate "no".
[Q]: Article: hong kong share prices plunged #.# percent in early trade on tuesday following the collapse of us investment bank lehman brothers , dealers said . Title: malaysian pm rejects opposition claim on power
[A]: no
[Q]: Article: oil prices closed narrowly mixed friday amid a near-total shutdown of offshore rigs in the gulf of mexico , where a massive hurricane ike was bearing down deep in the heart of the us oil industry . Title: volatile wall street mixed as lehman future mulled
[A]: no
[Q]: Article: an eu rule of law mission to kosovo dubbed eulex said monday it has stepped up deployment significantly here . Title: eu mission to kosovo steps up deployment
[A]: | yes
| 5 | NIv2 | task289_gigaword_summarization | fs_opt | [
-0.9492015838623047,
0.15853726863861084,
0.15758326649665833,
-0.11713762581348419,
-0.1890978217124939,
-0.17915013432502747,
0.3295389413833618,
0.4109043776988983,
0.27383023500442505,
0.09236199408769608,
-0.4261649250984192,
0.1002286970615387,
-0.2679404020309448,
0.1444845795631408... |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
This task is about writing a correct answer for the reading comprehension task. Based on the information provided in a given passage, you should identify the shortest continuous text span from the passage that serves as an answer to the given question. Avoid answers that are incorrect or provides incomplete justification for the question.
Passage: The French and Indian War (1754–1763) was the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War. The war was fought between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies. At the start of the war, the French North American colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 European settlers, compared with 2 million in the British North American colonies. The outnumbered French particularly depended on the Indians. Long in conflict, the metropole nations declared war on each other in 1756, escalating the war from a regional affair into an intercontinental conflict. Question: When was the French and Indian War?
Solution: 1754-1763
Why? It is a common convention to write (start year-end year) beside a historical event to understand when the event happened. We can observe a similar notation from the passage to conclude that the French and Indian War happened during 1754–1763. Therefore, the answer is 1754–1763.
New input: Passage: Law professor, writer and political activist Lawrence Lessig, along with many other copyleft and free software activists, has criticized the implied analogy with physical property (like land or an automobile). They argue such an analogy fails because physical property is generally rivalrous while intellectual works are non-rivalrous (that is, if one makes a copy of a work, the enjoyment of the copy does not prevent enjoyment of the original). Other arguments along these lines claim that unlike the situation with tangible property, there is no natural scarcity of a particular idea or information: once it exists at all, it can be re-used and duplicated indefinitely without such re-use diminishing the original. Stephan Kinsella has objected to intellectual property on the grounds that the word "property" implies scarcity, which may not be applicable to ideas. Question: Who is one advocate of copyleft?
Solution: | Lawrence Lessig | 0 | NIv2 | task075_squad1.1_answer_generation | fs_opt | [
0.9083033800125122,
0.5086662769317627,
-0.017424002289772034,
0.4974881410598755,
0.24545863270759583,
-0.5593056678771973,
0.40846556425094604,
0.7066333889961243,
0.5302450060844421,
-0.1599372923374176,
-0.0007240902632474899,
0.15902216732501984,
-0.9741583466529846,
-0.19653482735157... |
Teacher:In this task, you're given a pair of sentences, sentence 1 and sentence 2. Your job is to write a single word that describes the genre that the two sentences belong to, such as face-to-face, government, letters, 9/11, slate, telephone, travel, verbatim, oup, fiction.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Sentence 1: For this reason, CBO's projections do not reflect the full cost of maintaining current policies if maintaining those policies would require enacting new legislation. Sentence 2: CBO's projections are made by Arnold Schwarzenegger
Student: | government | 6 | NIv2 | task197_mnli_domain_answer_generation | zs_opt | [
-1.4112635850906372,
0.2099473476409912,
-0.14339981973171234,
-0.10216036438941956,
-0.09018408507108688,
0.2060546576976776,
0.05149039998650551,
0.678120493888855,
0.09288637340068817,
-0.10278560221195221,
0.0843382179737091,
-0.4283961057662964,
-0.12148673087358475,
-0.63596409559249... |
Detailed Instructions: You are given a sentence in Portuguese. Your job is to translate the Portuguese sentence into Galician.
Problem:Porque parece exactamente igual a uma cultura de células estaminais, com grandes células verdes à volta de células pequenas, imaturas.
Solution: | Porque parecía o mesmiño ca un cultivo de células nai, con células grandes e verdes, arredor das células pequenas e inmaturas. | 8 | NIv2 | task1279_ted_translation_pt_gl | zs_opt | [
-0.5601487159729004,
0.8920917510986328,
-0.47831135988235474,
-0.45135998725891113,
-0.7293289303779602,
-0.43998876214027405,
0.2039157748222351,
0.656761884689331,
-0.3178744912147522,
-0.16453900933265686,
-0.8216820955276489,
0.07864875346422195,
-0.625438392162323,
0.4237358570098877... |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you will be shown a Persian passage and a question, and you have to determine whether the question is answerable based on the passage or not. If the question is answerable, choose the "True" label, and if not select "False"
القاعده تشکیلات بینالمللی نظامی و بنیادگرای اسلامی است که در دوران جنگ شوروی در افغانستان توسط اسامه بن لادن در شهر پیشاور تأسیس شد. این سازمان در قالب شبکههای نظامی گوناگون فراملی و به عنوان یک جنبش اسلام سنی فعالیت میکند و هدف خود را مبارزه با تأثیرات و دخالتهای غیرمسلمانان بر دنیای اسلام و گسترش اسلام در جهان میداند. اکثریّت اعضای شبکه القاعده را پیرو مسلک سلفی میدانند. این سازمان در فهرست سازمانهای تروریستی بسیاری از دولتها و سازمانهای بینالمللی از جمله شورای امنیت ملل متحد، ناتو، اتحادیه اروپا و ایالات متحده قرار گرفتهاست. اسامه بن لادن رهبر القاعده در سال ۲۰۱۱ در عملیات نظامی ارتش آمریکا در پاکستان کشته شد و پس از آن ایمن الظواهری رهبری این شبکه را بر عهده گرفت. شاخههای مختلف این شبکه در کشورها و مناطق متفاوتی فعال هستند. داعش در عراق جبهه النصره در سوریه و انصارالشریعه در یمن از شاخههای القاعده هستند که کنترل بخشهایی از این دو کشور را در اختیار دارند البته در اواخر ژوئیه ۲۰۱۶ جبهه النصره از القاعده جدا شد. القاعده حملات متعددی را علیه اهداف نظامی و غیرنظامی در کشورهای مختلف انجام دادهاند. حملات ۱۱ سپتامبر مهمترین آنها بود که با برجهای دوقلو و ساختمان پنتاگون برخورد کرد و آمریکا در پاسخ به آن جنگ با تروریسم را با حمله به افغانستان آغاز کرد.
Question: القاعده با کشور دوست و همسایه خود چه رابطه ای دارد؟
Output: | False | 1 | NIv2 | task396_persianqa_classification | zs_opt | [
0.9911993741989136,
0.4529203772544861,
-0.3967934846878052,
-0.4194681644439697,
-0.32141369581222534,
0.055492233484983444,
1.2842926979064941,
0.4163469672203064,
0.16197466850280762,
0.632614254951477,
-1.2192384004592896,
0.5449066162109375,
-1.1708683967590332,
0.14422190189361572,
... |
In this task, you are given a sentence from the research paper and the category to which it belongs. Your task is to classify whether the given category is correct or not by providing "True" and "False", respectively. Here are the definitions for the categories: Background (Why is this problem important? What relevant works have been created before? What is still missing in the previous works? What are the high-level research questions? How might this help other research or researchers?), Purpose (What specific things do the researchers want to do? What specific knowledge do the researchers want to gain? What specific hypothesis do the researchers want to test?), Method (How did the researchers do the work or find what they sought? What are the procedures and steps of the research?), or Finding (What did the researchers find out? Did the proposed methods work? Did the thing behave as the researchers expected?). ",
--------
Question: Sentence: until recently , confusion over the taxonomy of these organisms prevented a clear understanding of the epidemiology of infections with both Giardia and Cryptosporidium.
Section: background
Answer: True
Question: Sentence: a prototype of type 2 PRRSV.
Section: purpose
Answer: False
Question: Sentence: Murine norovirus ( MNV ) is a recently discovered mouse pathogen.
Section: background
Answer: | True
| 7 | NIv2 | task1164_coda19_section_correction_classification | fs_opt | [
-0.26802682876586914,
0.16668067872524261,
-0.07341687381267548,
-0.04194588214159012,
-0.03908238559961319,
-0.005112692713737488,
0.36849355697631836,
0.8069152235984802,
0.18571801483631134,
-0.03389617055654526,
-1.0423816442489624,
0.07294079661369324,
-0.31094878911972046,
-0.1403826... |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a question in Dutch language, and you have to write the named entities from the question if present. B denotes the first item of a phrase and an I any non-initial word. Here is the list of terms used: person names (PER), organizations (ORG), locations (LOC) and miscellaneous names (MISC). There can be instances with no named entities, then return 'None'.
Problem:Wie dat doet , is zo goed als zeker van een baan .
Solution: | None | 8 | NIv2 | task1544_conll2002_named_entity_recognition_answer_generation | zs_opt | [
-0.24054059386253357,
0.6373093128204346,
0.22330589592456818,
-0.1813187152147293,
-0.5397710800170898,
-0.22092223167419434,
1.36275315284729,
-0.057720769196748734,
0.5060532093048096,
-0.21087980270385742,
-0.9421039819717407,
0.3862389624118805,
-0.08923403173685074,
-0.20471756160259... |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a tuple, comprising Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether, as a result of the Head, PersonY or others will be affected as mentioned in the Tail or not. These effects are social actions that may occur after the Head event. For example, X may get hugged, and Y may blush in response. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action.
Q: Head: PersonX asks PersonY's mother for help<sep>Tail: sighs in relief
A: | No | 9 | NIv2 | task1196_atomic_classification_oeffect | zs_opt | [
0.505325436592102,
0.48710009455680847,
0.23790550231933594,
-0.4878312051296234,
-0.5331853628158569,
-0.9986563920974731,
1.1043751239776611,
0.6742653846740723,
-0.26189887523651123,
-0.2607998847961426,
-0.24643199145793915,
-0.18551212549209595,
-0.8051936626434326,
0.1241487488150596... |
Definition: Given a premise, an initial context, an original ending, and a counterfactual context, the task is to generate a new story ending aligned with the counterfactual context and as close to the original ending as possible. Each instance consists of a five-sentence story. The premise is the first sentence of a story, and the second sentence, which is the initial context, provides more information about the story's context and the story's general plot. The original ending is the last three sentences of the story. Also, a counterfactual context is a slight modification to the initial context. You should write a new story ending that edits the original story ending as little as possible to regain coherence with the counterfactual context. To sum up, you should write the last three sentences of a story based on the premise(first sentence) and the counterfactual context(second sentence) of the story.
Input: Premise: Twin sisters Ally and Dally were planning Dally's date.
Initial Context: Dally wasn't really feeling up to it at the last minute.
Original Ending: She decided to ask her twin Ally to stand-in for her. She dressed like Dally, & did her hair, nails and makeup like Dally. Surprisingly, her date knew immediately and drove off hurriedly.
Counterfactual Context: Dally was excited and rearing to go.
Output: | She decided to ask her twin Ally to have a drink with her beforehand. She had a drink before waiting for her date to show. Her date drove off without coming to the door cause he thought she wasn't home. | 2 | NIv2 | task269_csrg_counterfactual_story_generation | zs_opt | [
0.2764926552772522,
0.31190168857574463,
0.20181351900100708,
-0.23964805901050568,
-0.02732679434120655,
-0.5251815915107727,
-0.17544753849506378,
0.7479204535484314,
0.010600329376757145,
-0.01054438017308712,
-0.8215109705924988,
-0.18885281682014465,
0.07671669870615005,
0.06905131042... |
A text is given in Panjabi. Translate it from the Panjabi language to the Urdu language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
[Q]: دونوں لیڈروں نے ہند- نیپال تعلقات میں پیش رفت اور باہمی مفاد کے دیگر امور پر تبادلہ خیال کیا۔
[A]: ਦੋਨਾਂ ਨੇਤਾਵਾਂ ਨੇ ਭਾਰਤ-ਨੇਪਾਲ ਸਬੰਧਾਂ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਗਤੀ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ-ਨਾਲ ਸਾਂਝੇ ਹਿਤਾਂ ਦੇ ਦੂਜੇ ਵਿਸ਼ਿਆਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਵੀ ਚਰਚਾ ਕੀਤੀ।
[Q]: تربیت،دفاعی صنعت ، انسداد دہشت گردی، فوجی مطالعات، سائبر سیکورٹی ، فوجی طبی خدمات ، امن قائم کرنا وغیرہ جیسے تسلیم شدہ کچھ شعبو ں میں تعاون کے نفاذ کے لئے پرویژن یا شقیں بناکر اور اس طرح تعاون کے دائرہ کی تشریح کرکے دفاع کے شعبے میں ہندستان اور ارد ن کے درمیان تعاون کو فروغ دینا اس مفاہمت نامہ کا اہم مقصد ہے ۔
[A]: ਸਹਿਮਤੀ ਪੱਤਰ ਦਾ ਉਦੇਸ਼ ਭਾਰਤ ਅਤੇ ਜਾਰਡਨ ਦਰਮਿਆਨ ਰੱਖਿਆ ਖੇਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਹਿਯੋਗ ਨੂੰ ਮਜ਼ਬੂਤ ਕਰਨਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਅਜਿਹੇ ਸਹਿਯੋਗ ਦੇ ਦਾਇਰੇ ਦੀ ਪਰਿਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਦੇ ਕੇ ਅਤੇ ਕੁਝ ਮਾਨਤਾ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ ਟ੍ਰੇਨਿੰਗ, ਰੱਖਿਆ ਸਨਅਤ, ਦਹਿਸ਼ਤਵਾਦ ਦੇ ਮੁਕਾਬਲੇ, ਮਿਲਟਰੀ ਅਧਿਅਨ, ਸਾਈਬਰ ਸੁਰੱਖਿਆ, ਮਿਲਟਰੀ ਮੈਡੀਕਲ ਸੇਵਾਵਾਂ, ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ ਰੱਖਣਾ ਵਗੈਰਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਹਿਯੋਗ ਨੂੰ ਲਾਗੂ ਕਰਨਾ ਹੈ।
[Q]: وزیراعظم نے ناناجی دیش مکھ کو،ان کی یوم ولادت کی سالگرہ پر انھیں یاد کیا
[A]: | ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਮੰਤਰੀ ਨੇ ਨਾਨਾਜੀ ਦੇਸ਼ਮੁਖ ਨੂੰ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਜਨਮ ਵਰ੍ਹੇਗੰਢ `ਤੇ ਯਾਦ ਕੀਤਾ
| 5 | NIv2 | task1052_pib_translation_urdu_punjabi | fs_opt | [
-0.16205111145973206,
0.0306056197732687,
-0.12278151512145996,
-0.11710796505212784,
-0.15752266347408295,
-0.16182178258895874,
1.5229461193084717,
0.35725685954093933,
0.14739364385604858,
-0.08489952981472015,
-0.46809473633766174,
0.10009337961673737,
-0.7147706747055054,
-0.213870137... |
In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
One example: Context_1 : Charles Edward Ives ( ; October 20, 1874May 19, 1954) was an American modernist composer. He is one of the first American composers of international renown, though his music was largely ignored during his life, and many of his works went unperformed for many years. Over time, he came to be regarded as an "American original". He combined the American popular and church-music traditions of his youth with European art music, and was among the first composers to engage in a systematic program of experimental music, with musical techniques including polytonality, polyrhythm, tone clusters, aleatory elements, and quarter tones, foreshadowing many musical innovations of the 20th century. Context_2 : Daniel Evan Freeman (born 27 April 1959) is an American musicologist who specializes in European art music of the eighteenth century, in particular the musical culture of eighteenth-century Prague and the Bohemian lands. He is also active as a pianist and music editor. Context_3 : Art music (also known as Western classical music, cultivated music, serious music, canonic music, and more flippantly, real music or normal music) is an umbrella term that refers to musical traditions, implying advanced structural and theoretical considerations and a written musical tradition. "Serious" or "cultivated" music are terms frequently used as a contrast for ordinary, everyday music (popular and folk music, also called "vernacular music"). After the 20th century, art music was divided into two extensions: "serious music" and "light music". Context_4 : In the history of European art music, the term "common practice period" refers to the era between the formation and the dissolution of the tonal system. Though there are no exact dates for this phenomenon, most features of the common-practice period persisted from the mid to late baroque period, through the Classical and Romantic periods, or roughly from around 1650 to 1900. While certain prevailing patterns and conventions characterize the music of this period, the time period also saw considerable stylistic evolution. Some conventions evolved during this period that were rarely employed at other times during what may still be labeled "common practice" (for example, Sonata Form). Thus, the dates 1650–1900 are necessarily nebulous and arbitrary borders that depend on context. The most important unifying feature through this time period concerns a harmonic language to which modern music theorists can apply Roman numeral analysis. Context_5 : The Festival Oude Muziek Utrecht ("Utrecht Early Music Festival") is an annual music festival that showcases and celebrates early European art music. The ten-day festival takes place in the Dutch city of Utrecht, and begins in August. The programme comprises concerts, activities, lectures, exhibitions, and a symposium. Context_6 : Assaf Shelleg (Hebrew: אסף שלג ), is a musicologist and pianist, a senior lecturer of musicology at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He was previously the Schusterman Visiting Assistant Professor of Musicology and Jewish Studies in the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Virginia (2011–14), and had taught prior to that as the visiting Efroymson Scholar in the Jewish, Islamic & Near Eastern Languages and Cultures Department at Washington University in St. Louis (2009–11). Shelleg specializes in twentieth-century Jewish and Israeli art music and has published in some of the leading journals in both musicology and Israel Studies on topics ranging from the historiography of modern Jewish art music to the theological networks of Israeli art music. Shelleg's book, "Jewish Contiguities and the Soundtrack of Israeli History", appeared in November 2014 with Oxford University Press. The book studies the emergence of modern Jewish art music in central and Western Europe (1910s-1930s) and its translocation to Palestine/Israel (1930s-1970s), exposing the legacies of European antisemitism and religious Judaism in the making of Israeli art music. Moving to consider the dislocation of modern Jewish art music the book examines the paradoxes embedded in a Zionist national culture whose rhetoric negated its pasts, only to mask process of hybridizations enchained by older legacies. "Jewish Contiguities" has won the 2015 Engle Prize for the study of Hebrew Music, and the 2016 Jordan Schnitzer Book Award. Context_7 : Vocal harmony is a style of vocal music in which a consonant note or notes are simultaneously sung as a main melody in a predominantly homophonic texture. Vocal harmonies are used in many subgenres of European art music, including Classical choral music and opera and in the popular styles from many Western cultures ranging from folk songs and musical theater pieces to rock ballads. In the simplest style of vocal harmony, the main vocal melody is supported by a single backup vocal line, either at a pitch which is above or below the main vocal line, often in thirds or sixths which fit in with the chord progression used in the song. In more complex vocal harmony arrangements, different backup singers may sing two or even three other notes at the same time as each of the main melody notes, mostly with consonant, pleasing-sounding thirds, sixths, and fifths (although dissonant notes may be used as short passing notes). Context_8 : David Wallis Reeves (February 14, 1838 – March 8, 1900), also known as D. W. Reeves or Wally Reeves, was an American composer, cornetist, and bandleader. He developed the American march style, later made famous by the likes of John Philip Sousa, and his innovations include adding a countermelody to the American march form in 1876. Sousa called Reeves "The Father of Band Music in America", and stated he wished he himself had written Reeves' "Second Regiment Connecticut National Guard March". Charles Ives also borrowed from the "Second Connecticut" on four occasions. Context_9 : "Indian classical music is one of many forms of art music that have their roots in particular regional cultures. For other "classical" and art music traditions, see List of classical and art music traditions." Context_10 : Progressive music is music that subverts genre and expands stylistic boundaries outwards. Rooted in the idea of a cultural alternative, musical progressiveness embodies a continuous move between explicit and implicit references to genres and strategies derived from various cultural domains, such as European art music, Celtic folk, West Indian, or African. The word "progressive" comes from the basic concept of "progress", which refers to development and growth by accumulation, and is often deployed in numerous music genres such as progressive country, progressive folk, progressive jazz, and (most significantly) progressive rock. fact_1 : Charles Ives also borrowed from the "Second Connecticut" on four occasions. fact_2 : Charles Edward Ives ( ; October 20, 1874May 19, 1954) was an American modernist composer. fact_3 : He combined the American popular and church-music traditions of his youth with European art music, and was among the first composers to engage in a systematic program of experimental music, with musical techniques including polytonality, polyrhythm, tone clusters, aleatory elements, and quarter tones, foreshadowing many musical innovations of the 20th century. Question: What is the birthyear of the American composer that borrowed from "Second Connecticut" on four occasions and combined American popular and church-music traditions with European art music?
Solution is here: 1874May
Explanation: From the fact_1 from context _8, and fact _2 and fact _3 from context _1, we can arrive at 1874 May which is accurate answer of given question.
Now, solve this: Context_1 : Paul Waaktaar-Savoy (born Pål Waaktaar Gamst, 6 September 1961) is a Norwegian musician and songwriter. He was named Knights First Class of the Order of St. Olav by King Harald for his services to Norwegian music and his international success. Pål Savoy is best known for his work as the main songwriter and guitarist in the Norwegian pop band A-ha. He has written or co-written most of the band's biggest hits, including "The Sun Always Shines on T.V.", "Hunting High and Low", "Take On Me", the James Bond theme "The Living Daylights" and the ballad "Summer Moved On". In addition, Waaktaar-Savoy is also a painter. The band A-ha has sold more than 50 million albums worldwide. Context_2 : "Velvet" is a song by Savoy, a band fronted by Paul Waaktaar-Savoy from their first album, "Mary Is Coming". Savoy's version was released as a single in the US, but got very little airplay. Context_3 : The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Norwegian: "Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden" ; or "Sanct Olafs Orden", the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on August 21, 1847. It is named after King Olav II, known to posterity as St. Olav. Context_4 : Leif Østby (2 January 1906 – 23 December 1988) was a Norwegian art historian. He was born in Skjeberg. His speciality was Scandinavian art from the 20th century. He worked at the National Gallery of Norway from 1946 to 1973. He edited the journal "Kunst og Kultur" from 1962 to 1980. He published several works on the history of art and on individual artists, including Harald Sohlberg, Hjalmar Haalke, Johan Christian Dahl, Theodor Kittelsen and Erik Werenskiold. He was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1973. Context_5 : Olav Brænden (1 July 1919 – 14 July 1989) was a Norwegian pharmacist, drug expert and inventor. He was born in Norderhov, Buskerud. Brænden studied pharmacy at the University of Oslo, and graduated as pharmaceutical chemist in 1942. During the 1950s his interests centered on drug-related questions. From 1955 he led the development of the United Nations' drug laboratories in Geneva, and served as Director of the lab until his retirement in 1979. He was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1980. He is also known for his invention of the medicine "Brændens nesedråper" ("nose droplets"). Context_6 : Olav Bø (19 May 1918 – 26 July 1998) was a Norwegian folklorist. He was born in Bygland. Bø was appointed at the University of Oslo from 1956, as professor from 1974. Among his books are "Norsk skitradisjon" from 1966, "Vår norske jul" from 1970, and "Trollmakter og godvette" from 1987. He wrote a biography of cross-country skier and resistance member Johan Grøttumsbråten. He was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1985. Context_7 : Sverre Lyngstad (1922 – 2011) was a scholar and translator of Norwegian literature. He is renowned for his significant contribution to making Norwegian literature accessible to an English-speaking audience, for which he was awarded the St. Olav's Medal in 1987 and the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit, Knight's Cross, First Class in 2004. He is best known for his translations of and commentaries on the works of Knut Hamsun, which are widely credited for helping to popularise Hamsun's work in the US and UK. Context_8 : Andreas Grasmo (7 November 1912 – 13 October 1986) was a Norwegian priest and organizational leader. He was born in Vardø; the son of parish priest Johan Oskar Grasmo. He graduated as cand.theol. from the MF Norwegian School of Theology in 1937. After World War II he organized humanitarian aid from the Church of Norway among refugees in Germany, a work which was the start of the humanitarian organization Norwegian Church Aid, with a worldwide scope. From 1952 he served as leader of the Church City Mission. He was decorated Knight First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1970, and was awarded the Medal of St. Hallvard. Context_9 : Julius Paltiel (4 July 1924 – 7 March 2008) was one of the 26 Norwegian Jews who returned from Auschwitz. For their tireless service in telling about the atrocities in the Nazi extermination camps, both Paltiel and his widow were awarded St. Olav's Medal, he in 2004 and she in 2016. Paltiel was given a Norwegian state funeral, attended by King Harald V. Context_10 : Kristofer Leirdal (15 December 1915, Aure, Norway – 6 July 2010) was a Norwegian sculptor. He received his education at the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry from 1936 to 1938, and later at the Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts between 1938 and 1940. Leirdal is especially noted for his sculptural contributions to the restoration of the Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim. In 1997 he was made Knight, First Class, of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav. fact_1 : "Velvet" is a song by Savoy, a band fronted by Paul Waaktaar-Savoy from their first album, "Mary Is Coming". fact_2 : He was named Knights First Class of the Order of St. Olav by King Harald for his services to Norwegian music and his international success. Question: What album is a song, released as a single in the US, but got very little airplay, by Savoy fronted by a Norwegian musician and songwriter who was named Knights First Class of the Order of St. Olav by King Harald for his services to Norwegian music and his international success ?
Solution: | Mary Is Coming | 6 | NIv2 | task170_hotpotqa_answer_generation | fs_opt | [
0.7609343528747559,
0.528053343296051,
-0.8662322759628296,
1.0583691596984863,
0.5139590501785278,
-0.10030236840248108,
0.6544116735458374,
0.5014083981513977,
-0.06453573703765869,
0.4082911014556885,
-0.0810132846236229,
0.6367955207824707,
-0.9217627048492432,
-0.09417426586151123,
... |
Given a scientific passage and an answer, generate a question for the given answer.
Passage: Blood Supply The major function of the lungs is to perform gas exchange, which requires blood from the pulmonary circulation. This blood supply contains deoxygenated blood and travels to the lungs where erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, pick up oxygen to be transported to tissues throughout the body. The pulmonary artery is an artery that arises from the pulmonary trunk and carries deoxygenated, arterial blood to the alveoli. The pulmonary artery branches multiple times as it follows the bronchi, and each branch becomes progressively smaller in diameter. One arteriole and an accompanying venule supply and drain one pulmonary lobule. As they near the alveoli, the pulmonary arteries become the pulmonary capillary network. The pulmonary capillary network consists of tiny vessels with very thin walls that lack smooth muscle fibers. The capillaries branch and follow the bronchioles and structure of the alveoli. It is at this point that the capillary wall meets the alveolar wall, creating the respiratory membrane. Once the blood is oxygenated, it drains from the alveoli by way of multiple pulmonary veins, which exit the lungs through the hilum. Answer: blood | The lungs perform gas exchange using air and what fluid, which is coming and going from the heart? | 0 | NIv2 | task594_sciq_question_generation | zs_opt | [
1.0836255550384521,
1.166550874710083,
-0.27908825874328613,
-0.018920667469501495,
-0.20556071400642395,
-0.6275681853294373,
0.6280098557472229,
0.4228333830833435,
0.033884596079587936,
-0.13912153244018555,
-0.08453687280416489,
-0.010297500528395176,
-1.1697397232055664,
0.60791170597... |
In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
--------
Question: What sounds like it should have vocal emphasis but does not?, Context: In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.
Answer: voiced stops
Question: What was the president's artistic taste?, Context: During the 19th century, an important producer of art was the Academia de San Carlos (San Carlos Art Academy), founded during colonial times, and which later became the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas (the National School of Arts) including painting, sculpture and graphic design, one of UNAM's art schools. Many of the works produced by the students and faculty of that time are now displayed in the Museo Nacional de San Carlos (National Museum of San Carlos). One of the students, José María Velasco, is considered one of the greatest Mexican landscape painters of the 19th century. Porfirio Díaz's regime sponsored arts, especially those that followed the French school. Popular arts in the form of cartoons and illustrations flourished, e.g. those of José Guadalupe Posada and Manuel Manilla. The permanent collection of the San Carlos Museum also includes paintings by European masters such as Rembrandt, Velázquez, Murillo, and Rubens.
Answer: French
Question: What might be the movement leading politicians to donate funds to the college?, Context: The Royal College of Chemistry was established by private subscription in 1845 as there was a growing awareness that practical aspects of the experimental sciences were not well taught and that in the United Kingdom the teaching of chemistry in particular had fallen behind that in Germany. As a result of a movement earlier in the decade, many politicians donated funds to establish the college, including Benjamin Disraeli, William Gladstone and Robert Peel. It was also supported by Prince Albert, who persuaded August Wilhelm von Hofmann to be the first professor.
Answer: | growing awareness that practical aspects of the experimental sciences were not well taught and that in the United Kingdom the teaching of chemistry in particular had fallen behind that in Germany
| 7 | NIv2 | task1295_adversarial_qa_question_answering | fs_opt | [
0.405293732881546,
0.4346253275871277,
0.1819826364517212,
-0.21438245475292206,
0.045036446303129196,
0.16869428753852844,
0.22381094098091125,
0.6761385798454285,
-0.047827962785959244,
0.23637238144874573,
0.10271002352237701,
-0.20200462639331818,
-0.5537618398666382,
0.049715187400579... |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
You are given an original reference as well as a system generated reference. Your task is to judge the naturaleness of the system generated reference. If the utterance could have been produced by a native speaker output 1, else output 0.
System Reference: there are 239 restaurants if the area does not matter to you.
Original Reference: there are 239 restaurant -s if you do not care the area.
Output: | 0 | 1 | NIv2 | task1186_nne_hrngo_classification | zs_opt | [
-0.5130601525306702,
0.7710465788841248,
-0.08805136382579803,
0.07593145966529846,
-0.4948635697364807,
0.12728877365589142,
0.9161837100982666,
0.43745386600494385,
-0.1799352765083313,
-0.18926143646240234,
-0.3573046624660492,
-0.045584991574287415,
-0.7736401557922363,
-0.272363901138... |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a review from Amazon's food products. Your task is to generate a rating for the product on a scale of 1-5 based on the review. The rating means 1: extremely poor, 2: poor, 3: neutral or mixed, 4: good, 5: extremely good.
Q: I had a handful of these crackers last night - and though they are tasty, my hands, face, and ankles swelled to a ridiculous size. I wasn't sure if it was the crackers or something else I ate - so I ate them by themselves at lunch - and again, I am a swollen mess. I didn't realize the MSG content was so high. I won't be eating these again. If you react to salt, sodium, or MSG - just stay away from these tasty little buggers.
A: | 1 | 9 | NIv2 | task588_amazonfood_rating_classification | zs_opt | [
0.4471820890903473,
-0.06534033268690109,
-0.10075174272060394,
-0.7008259296417236,
0.41485002636909485,
-0.34489744901657104,
1.0079001188278198,
0.36693117022514343,
-0.36747488379478455,
0.045267798006534576,
-0.4266142249107361,
-0.018484726548194885,
-0.5653583407402039,
-0.574721455... |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
In this task, you're given a pair of sentences, sentence 1 and sentence 2. Sentence 2 contradicts sentence 1. Your job is to alter sentence 2 so that the pair neither agree nor contradict each other. Generated sentences must be short, with less than 15 words. New information can be introduced. Avoid using pronouns to confuse the subject of the sentence.
Example: Sentence 1: Jon saw his friend Tom coming out of the grocery store with a bag of fruit. Sentence 2: Tom had not been in the store.
Output: Tom had been shopping for fruit to give Jon.
The given sentence is a good alteration. If the changed sentence was something like: "Tom had been sleeping in his house in that time", it'd contradict the first sentence. But this given sentence neither agrees with the first sentence, nor contradicts it.
New input case for you: Sentence 1: A lone construction worker, in a yellow safety vest, blue shirt and white hard hat, standing on top of a construction plank, a steel crane standing nearby. Sentence 2: A naked construction worker stands atop a building.
Output: | A worker is standing on top of a plank because he dropped his ladder. | 1 | NIv2 | task185_snli_contradiction_to_neutral_text_modification | fs_opt | [
-0.11017908155918121,
0.4610588848590851,
0.005377527792006731,
-0.1434318870306015,
0.3026095926761627,
-0.26750272512435913,
-0.4842837452888489,
1.461085557937622,
-0.22993206977844238,
-0.262578547000885,
-0.5872968435287476,
-0.13732875883579254,
-0.31106460094451904,
-0.7843722105026... |
Detailed Instructions: Given a premise, an initial context, an original ending, and a new ending, the task is to generate the counterfactual context that is aligned with the new ending. Each instance consists of a five-sentence story. The premise is the first sentence of a story, and the second sentence, which is the initial context, provides more information about the story's context. The original ending is the last three sentences of the story. Also, you are given a new ending that can provide the new story with the same premise. You should write a counterfactual context to explain the small differences between the original and new endings. More specifically, a story context contains the general plot of the story. And a counterfactual context is a slight modification to the initial context. To sum up, you should write the second sentence of a story based on the premise(first sentence) and the new ending(last three sentences) of the story.
See one example below:
Problem: Premise: Brad stole the ball from the opponent.
Initial Context: While he was running with the ball, he noticed his friend.
Original Ending: He threw the ball in the air, near the hoop. His friend grabbed the ball and made a drunk. That score put his team in the lead.
New ending: He stopped dancing and threw the ball in the air, near the hoop. His friend grabbed the ball and made a drunk. That score put his team in the lead.
Solution: While he was dancing with the ball, he noticed his friend.
Explanation: The answer is well in context with new ending and it is counterfactual to initial context.
Problem: Premise: Sam stopped at a four way intersection.
Initial Context: The driver on the right stopped after him.
Original Ending: Sam tried to move forward but the driver was impatient. He accelerated and ended up crashing into sam. Her airbag went off.
New ending: Sam moved forward she was impatient to be the only traffic at the red light. She accelerated and ended up a car came out of nowhere crashing into sam. Her airbag went off.
Solution: | Sam was the only driver at the intersection. | 4 | NIv2 | task270_csrg_counterfactual_context_generation | fs_opt | [
0.4100910425186157,
0.038675885647535324,
0.05507670342922211,
0.43188583850860596,
0.22599563002586365,
-0.7602198123931885,
-0.004440763033926487,
1.0207043886184692,
-0.1773054003715515,
-0.15954053401947021,
-0.7180494070053101,
-0.34735536575317383,
-0.1112368255853653,
-0.11183903366... |
You are given a sentence in Japanese. Your job is to translate the Japanese sentence into Farsi.
Q: アフリカに行き手助けしようと思うならただ行って2 〜 3年で帰るのでなく
A: مهم است مردمی که به آفریقا می روند و تلاش برای کمک می کنند ، صرفا به آنجا نروند و بعد از چند سالی هم برگردند.
****
Q: 今まではどうやっても軟骨を作り出せなかったのに
A: بخاطر داشته باشید چطور نتوانستیم غضروف را بخاطر عشق یا پول بسازیم.
****
Q: 自分たちで地域の在り方を考えられる私たちはその全てを戦略書も読まずに実現しました
A: | ما خودمون دست به کارِ باز سازی جامعه شدیم ، و ما همه اینها را بدون تنظیمِ حتی یک برگ سندِ راهبردی انجام دادیم.
****
| 4 | NIv2 | task1098_ted_translation_ja_fa | fs_opt | [
0.22231508791446686,
0.26370686292648315,
-0.21819478273391724,
-0.32468608021736145,
-0.6030058860778809,
-0.9634689688682556,
0.7811539173126221,
0.11109916865825653,
-0.36044275760650635,
-0.6657660007476807,
-0.7057161331176758,
1.225658893585205,
-0.742393434047699,
0.2738713026046753... |
You are given a conversation between two people. 'Person1:' and 'Person2:' are used to separate their respective dialogues. You are required to assign a label 'formal' if there is an absence of emotion and a presence of questions anywhere within the conversation. If such pattern is not found assign the label 'informal'.
--------
Question: Person1: how did you do on your BELTS exam ?
Person2:fantastic ! I got an overall score of eight .
Person1: that's excellent ! Have you received your conditional offers yet ?
Person2:yes . I'm just waiting until I officially get admitted to the university with a conditional offer to apply for my visa .
Person1: do you know where the visa office is ?
Person2:no .
Person1: it's just near the Dong Si Shi Tiao subway stop .
Person2:that's not too far away . Do you think I'll get a visa ?
Person1: have you ever gone abroad before ?
Person2:yes , I've been to Tailband , Egypt , and Japan .
Person1: have you ever been denied a visa before ?
Person2:never .
Person1: that's good . Are you planning on immigrating to another country ?
Person2:no , I want to come back to China after I graduate .
Person1: that's exactly what the visa officers want to hear . Do you have enough money for tuition and room and board ?
Person2:I've received a full scholarship , so I won't need any other money to live off while I'm studying .
Person1: I think you have a very good chance of getting a visa . I can help you prepare for the visa interview if you want .
Person2:that's be great . The more prepared I am , the better .
Answer: informal
Question: Person1: Wow ! Look at the time . lt's about 11 0 ' clock .
Person2:Really ? I didn't realize it was so late .
Person1: I've got to catch the last bus . See you later .
Answer: informal
Question: Person1: Do I have to take these books here if I want to renew them ?
Person2:You can renew the books over the computer .
Person1: That's so convenient .
Answer: | informal
| 7 | NIv2 | task1533_daily_dialog_formal_classification | fs_opt | [
0.17935526371002197,
0.3487476706504822,
-0.015488510951399803,
-0.22842569649219513,
-0.005524585489183664,
0.12565720081329346,
0.6186161041259766,
0.200060173869133,
-0.2617330849170685,
0.058964803814888,
-0.4101564884185791,
-0.17365774512290955,
-0.03216243162751198,
0.51730573177337... |
In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Example input: A photo series on the popular Humans of New York Facebook page may have went viral and captured the nation’s attention last Tuesday, but for Daniel Kang, the post really hit home.
When Kang, a junior studying computer science at the University of Michigan, heard that the refugee pictured and his family were relocating to his hometown of Troy, Mich., he said he knew he had to help.
“I was really inspired by how intelligent he was and I knew a lot of people wanted to welcome him, so I thought, why not it be me?” he said.
On the Humans of New York Facebook page with over 16 million likes — including comments from President Obama — the seven-part picture series’ captions detail one Syrian scientist and his family’s tale of loss after a missile strike destroyed their home, forcing them to to flee to Turkey, now with plans of coming to the United States.
“Everything ended for us that day. That was our destiny. That was our share in life,” the scientist said. Battling stomach cancer, the loss of a home, career and seven family members, the man, whose name remains confidential to protect his identity as a refugee, expressed his hope for a new life in the United States.
“I learned today that I’m going to Troy, Michigan,” he said. “I know nothing about it. I just hope that it’s safe and that it’s a place where they respect science. I just want to get back to work. I want to be a person again. I don’t want the world to think I’m over. I’m still here.”
Knowing that refugees come to the United States with little more than they can carry, Kang quickly organized a crowdfunding campaign to help establish the man in his new home.
In four days, the GoFundMe page has raised over $16K in donations from over 700 people. On Saturday afternoon, actor Edward Norton also began a fundraiser for the scientist, raising even more for the refugee who says he “just wants to be a person again.”
“The response has been overwhelmingly positive,” said Kang. “A lot of people thanked me for doing a nice thing but I really feel like I was doing what anyone else would have done.”
Kang said he’s received many messages from people expressing their gratitude, those who want to reach out to the man personally, as well local companies interested in working with the scientist. This includes invitations to lecture at local colleges, research job opportunities and potential help from local medical facilities in treating the man’s stomach cancer.
“There’s definitely a lot of interest in helping him out,” he said.
The biggest concern, said Kang, are those skeptical of how the money will reach the man.
Kang, who has successfully crowdfunded in the past, is working closely with GoFundMe, the local refugee relocation agency Lutheran Social Services of Michigan, and is in communication with the Humans of New York staff to make sure all funding goes to the scientist.
In the end, Kang said he just hopes the scientist receives the welcome he deserves.
“If I could talk to him right now, I’d just tell him how sorry I am for everything he’s been through and that he’s coming to a great place. One of the things he said that resonated with me the most is that ‘I hope Troy is a place that appreciates science.’
I’d say out of all the cities in Michigan, Troy is the best place to raise a family, be a scientist and we can’t wait to have him.”
Oona Goodin-Smith is a student at Oakland University and a member of the USA TODAY College contributor network. ||||| I saw this story on one of my favorite sites, Humans of New York, and it moved me to tears. This man has suffered profound loss that would crush the spirit of many people and yet he still passionately wants a chance to contribute positively to the world. If we don’t welcome people like this into our communities and empower his dream of making an impact with his life, then we’re not the country we tell ourselves we are. Let’s reject the 'anti-human’ voices that tell us to fear refugees and show this man and his family what Americans are really made of. Let’s show that a country built by the energy and dreams of immigrants still believes in brave people who come here with hope for better life.
Everything we raise here will go to help this family so that the father can get the medical treatment he needs to live and pursue his work, and his family can build a new stable life after their tragedy, and…as the Scientist beautifully expresses…to support his dream of contributing to the world.
Thanks to Humans of New York for sharing these stories. Thanks to the team at CrowdRise for putting this together and figuring out how to get even the credit card transaction fees covered so we can get the maximum to the family.
Thanks to everyone who rallies together to create the power of the crowd. If enough of us kick in the price of two frappucinos, we can probably transform the experience of this family and show them that life can deliver healing and kindness, not just heartbreak.
Thanks to Benevolent, all donations are tax-deductible. We will work with Benevolent to use all donated funds to help this family and will seek to use any excess or unused funds to help the other 11 profiled in the HONY ‘Syrian American’ series.
Edward Norton ||||| DETROIT, MI -- Moved to tears by a Humans of New York feature on a Syrian refugee fleeing to Metro Detroit, Hollywood actor Edward Norton launched an online fundraiser that had raised nearly $450,000 for the widower and his four children as of Thursday afternoon.
"I didn't hear about it, but I want to thank him very much from the humanity perspective," the man told NBC News after hearing about the fundraiser's success. "There are people outside who need that money much more than me."
The man asked NBC to refer to him as "Abu Ammar," a fake named used to protect his relatives who remain in Syria. He's known to many on the Internet simply as "The Scientist," which is also his profession.
The refugee's family was scheduled to arrive in Troy, a Detroit suburb, Thursday. He and four surviving children spent the last two years in Instanbul, Turkey. They fled civil-war-torn Syria after the man's wife and one of his daughters were killed in a missile attack on April 6, 2013.
His is one of 12 families featured by Humans of New York and cleared to resettle in the U.S.
"I learned today that I'm going to Troy, Michigan," the man told Humans of New York. "I know nothing about it. I just hope that it's safe and that it's a place where they respect science. I just want to get back to work. I want to be a person again. I don't want the world to think I'm over. I'm still here."
The story made rounds throughout the Internet and even garnered a response from President Barack Obama's official Facebook page:
As a husband and a father, I cannot even begin to imagine the loss you've endured. You and your family are an inspiration. I know that the great people of Michigan will embrace you with the compassion and support you deserve. Yes, you can still make a difference in the world, and we're proud that you'll pursue your dreams here. Welcome to your new home. You're part of what makes America great.
,Norton, known for his roles in movies like "Fight Club" and "Birdman," wrote in the description of his online fundraiser:
If we don't welcome people like this into our communities and empower his dream of making an impact with his life, then we're not the country we tell ourselves we are. Let's reject the 'anti-human' voices that tell us to fear refugees and show this man and his family what Americans are really made of. Let's show that a country built by the energy and dreams of immigrants still believes in brave people who come here with hope for better life.
(6/7) “I had no problems before the bombing. I think the cancer came from my sadness and my stress. It’s in my... Posted by Humans of New York on Tuesday, December 8, 2015 ||||| ISTANBUL — The grieving refugee who touched hearts as "The Scientist" on the Humans of New York blog only mustered a brief smile when told that a Hollywood star had helped raise $450,000 for him.
Hours before flying to Michigan to start a new life in the U.S. on Thursday, the cancer-stricken Syrian civil engineer glanced down.
"I didn't hear about it, but I want to thank him very much from the humanity perspective," he said after NBC News revealed the crowdfunding appeal. Oscar-nominated actor Edward Norton was moved to tears after reading the refugee's biography on the photography site last week and launched the fundraiser.
"There are people outside who need that money much more than me," The Scientist said, displaying the sort of compassion and humility that helped his story go viral.
The Scientist, who asked NBC News to refer to him as "Abu Ammar" to protect family in Syria, said his life was shattered by a bomb that killed his wife and daughter just under three years ago.
He was later diagnosed with stomach cancer, and has had to care for five remaining children.
They include a teenage son, who is still reeling after watching his mother die, and a daughter who carries inside of her shrapnel from the attack on April 6, 2013.
"When a bomb drops you don't know where it comes from," he said. "There is no question our lives changed after that ... 180 degrees. I am mentally tired, in overwhelming sadness."
“ As long as there are good people in the world … then we can stop this bloodshed”
On Thursday, Abu Ammar and four of his children flew to Troy, Michigan, as part of a United Nations refugee resettlement program.
For about two years, the family had been living close to destitution in Turkey. But the drive to succeed still lingers, Abu Ammar said.
"I've had ambitions since I was a child, and right now I'm still that same child with the same ambitions," he said. "But I still have a message — sometimes when I'm talking to myself I say, 'No, I'm not supposed to die. I need to live long enough to realize my message to humanity.'"
Abu Ammar's story on Humans of New York, a popular blog started in 2010 that spawned a bestselling book, prompted an outpouring of compassion. Even President Barack Obama contributed, calling Abu Ammar and his family an "inspirations" on HONY's Facebook page.
"Yes, you can still make a difference in the world, and we're proud that you'll pursue your dreams here." Obama wrote. "Welcome to your new home. You're part of what makes America great."
Last night President @BarackObama wrote a very sweet welcome note to the scientist in Tuesday's story. pic.twitter.com/ZGrn3gOdR7 — Brandon Stanton (@humansofny) December 10, 2015
Norton, who starred in "Birdman," "Fight Club" and "American History X," set out to help pay The Scientist's medical expenses.
"This man has suffered profound loss that would crush the spirit of many people and yet he still passionately wants a chance to contribute positively to the world," Norton wrote.
The resettlement of Syrian and Muslim refugees in the United States is controversial, especially in the aftermath of attacks by Islamic extremists in Paris and San Bernardino. Some politicians — notably GOP presidential hopeful Donald Trump — have called for a ban on Muslims entering the country.
Abu Ammar told NBC News he didn't know anything about the debate over Muslims and immigration raging in the U.S. He also didn't have a solution to the war raging in his home country.
"I don't like to get into politics because I am a man of science, and I can separate science and politics completely," he said. "But as long as there are good people in the world, and everyone looks into his or her conscience, then we can stop this bloodshed."
Abu Ammar added: "No one benefits from people dying, and wars overall never benefit anybody — so let's hope God can help everyone and put out this fire." |||||
Example output: A Syrian refugee whose moving story went viral earlier this month starts his new life in Troy, Michigan, on Thursday, NBC News reports. The refugee—who wants to keep his real name out of the media to protect family members still in Syria—is known as "The Scientist" on the blog Humans of New York, where he was first profiled. "I learned today that I’m going to Troy, Michigan," The Scientist told HONY. "I know nothing about it. I just hope that it’s safe and that it’s a place where they respect science." According to MLive, The Scientist left Syria in 2013 after a bomb killed his wife and one of his daughters. Since then, he's been diagnosed with stomach cancer and was barely scraping by in Turkey. Despite being "in overwhelming sadness," he and his surviving children are hoping for a new start in the US, he tells NBC. Thanks to his story—which even got the attention of President Obama—The Scientist will have some help to get that new start. NBC reports actor Edward Norton was moved to tears after reading The Scientist's story and started a crowdfunding page that has raised nearly $450,000. "I didn't hear about it, but I want to thank him very much from the humanity perspective," The Scientist says. "There are people outside who need that money much more than me." A Michigan college student was also inspired to help after hearing The Scientist would be moving to his hometown, according to USA Today. His fundraising page has raised more than $16,000. "I’d say out of all the cities in Michigan, Troy is the best place to raise a family, be a scientist, and we can’t wait to have him," Daniel Kang says.
Example explanation: This is a good example. The output correctly summarizes the articles.
Q: Drinkers have long blamed gin for inducing tears and sadness, but a new study suggests that the urban myth may actually have some foundation.
The biggest ever study looking into how different alcoholic drinks affect the emotions has found that spirits are far worse than beer or wine for triggering bouts of depression and unexpected weeping.
Almost 30,000 people aged between 18 to 34 were asked about how drinking red or white wine, beer or spirits affected them, either drinking at home, or when out.
Drinking spirits was also more likely to draw out negative feelings than all the other types of alcohol, according to the research by Public Health Wales.
Nearly one third of spirit drinkers associated their tipple with feelings of aggression compared with around 2.5 per cent of red wine drinkers. Similarly, nearly one quarter said spirits left them tearful, compared with 17 per cent of red wine drinkers, and nine per cent of beer and white wine drinkers.
Spirits were also the least likely to be associated with feeling relaxed, with just 20 per cent of people claiming drinks like gin, vodka and whiskey calmed them down. ||||| Spirits are the most likely alcohol type to illicit feelings of aggression, while red wine most likely to make people relaxed, a new study shows.
According to the world’s largest online survey of legal and illicit drug and alcohol use among adults (Global Drug Survey or GDS), spirits are also the least likely types of alcohol to be associated with feeling relaxed (20 per cent).
Based on anonymised responses from 30,000 18 to 34 year olds from 21 countries, the findings showed that red wine was the most likely to elicit this feeling (53 per cent), while half of respondents said beer made them feel relaxed.
The study, published in the BMJ Open journal, included specific questions on alcohol consumption and the feelings associated with drinking beer, spirits, and red or white wine when at home or when out.
Drinking spirits was more likely to draw out negative feelings than all the other types of alcohol, with nearly a third (30 per cent) of spirit drinkers associating this tipple with feelings of aggression, compared with around 2.5 per cent of red wine drinkers.
But spirits were also more likely to elicit some positive feelings than either beer or wine. More than half of respondents associated these drinks with feelings of energy and confidence, while more than four out of 10 associated them with feeling sexy.
Responses differed by educational attainment, country of origin, and age, with the youngest age group (18-24) the most likely to associate any type of alcohol with feelings of confidence, energy and sexiness when drinking away from home.
Scotland to become first country with minimum price for alcohol sales
The responses also differed by gender and category of alcohol dependency, with women significantly more likely than men to associate each feeling — except for aggression — with all types of alcohol.
But men were significantly more likely to associate feelings of aggression with all types of alcohol, as were those categorised as heavy or dependent drinkers, who were six times more likely to do so than low risk drinkers.
And heavy drinkers were more likely to select any drink that was associated for them with feelings of aggression and tearfulness when at home or when out.
Researchers said the findings suggest dependent drinkers may rely on alcohol to generate the positive emotions they associate with drinking, as they were five times more likely to feel energised than low risk drinkers.
While the researchers urged that no firm conclusions could be drawn about cause and effect as it was an observational study, they said understanding emotions associated with the consumption of alcohol was “imperative” to addressing issues of alcohol misuse.
“Understanding emotions associated with alcohol consumption is imperative to addressing alcohol misuse, providing insight into what emotions influence drink choice between different groups in the population,” they concluded.
Campaigners have warned that alcoholism is more prevalent to those with underlying issues such as depression and anxiety, and urged that the UK improves education on the dangers of excessive drinking, amid large cuts to services for addicts.
It comes after The Independent revealed that the number of drug and alcohol addicts getting government-funded support to tackle their addictions has plummeted by 10 per cent in just three years.
UK news in pictures
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1/45 28 December 2017 Alastair Cook celebrates after reaching his double-century during the third day of the fourth Ashes cricket test match Reuters
2/45 27 December 2017 Sheep are driven to another field in the Cotswolds after overnight snow caused travel disruptions across parts of the UK PA
3/45 26 December 2017 Harry Kane celebrates after scoring his third goal, Tottenham's fifth, during the Boxing day Premier League match against Southampton at Wembley. He broke Alan Shearer’s record of 36 Premier League goals in a calendar year, scoring 39 from 36 matches. Kane also finished 2017 as Europe’s leading scorer ahead of Barcelona’s Lionel Messi, who has 54 goals from 63 appearances in all competitions. Harry Kane has 56 from 52. AFP/Getty
4/45 25 December 2017 Swimmers get out of the water after taking part in the Christmas Day Serpentine swim in Hyde Park, London Reuters
5/45 24 December 2017 Stuart Broad of England bowls during a nets session at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, Australia. The fourth Ashes test starts on Boxing Day Getty
6/45 23 December 2017 Staff members console each other as they survey the damage after a fire destroyed a number of buildings at London Zoo. An aardvark has died and four meerkats are missing. Eight zoo workers have been treated by paramedics after a desperate attempt to save the animals from the blaze, which broke out in a petting area.
7/45 22 December 2017 Druids, pagans and revellers gather in the centre of Stonehenge, hoping to see the sun rise, as they take part in a winter solstice ceremony at the ancient neolithic monument of Stonehenge. Despite a forecast for cloud and rain, a large crowd gathered at the famous historic stone circle, to celebrate the sunrise closest to the Winter Solstice, the shortest day of the year. The event is claimed to be more important in the pagan calendar than the summer solstice, because it marks the 're-birth' of the Sun for the New Year. Getty Images
8/45 21 December 2017 Polish Defense Minister Antoni Macierewicz, British Defence Minister Gavin Williamson in the presence of Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki and Britain's Prime Minister Theresa May sign a treaty between the Republic of Poland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on cooperation in the field of defense and security EPA
9/45 20 December 2017 A protester wears a 'STOP BREXIT' hat outside the Palace of Westminster Reuters
10/45 19 December 2017 The Choristers of St Paul's rehearse for a series of services and concerts over the Christmas season at St Paul's Cathedral in London REUTERS
11/45 18 December 2017 Joe Root, the England captain is interviewed after Australia regained the Ashes. England lost by an innings and 41 run runs in the third test at the WACA in Perth Getty
12/45 17 December 2017 Photos of Richard Ratcliffe and his wife Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe, who has been jailed in Iran, on display at their home in north London. Mr Ratcliffe says he believes there is "still a chance" she may be released from an Iranian prison in time for a dream Christmas together. PA
13/45 16 December 2017 Oxford Street in London is filled with shoppers with 8 shopping days before Christmas Rex
14/45 15 December 2017 Jonny Bairstow of England headbutts his helmet to celebrate his century during day two of the Third Test match in the 2017/18 Ashes Series between Australia and England at the WACA in Perth, Australia. Bairstow was embroiled in controversy at the beginning of the tour after lightly headbutting Australian opening batsman Cameron Bancroft in an exchange in a bar
15/45 14 December 2017 People at the Grenfell Tower National Memorial Service PA
16/45 13 December 2017 Wax figures of Prime Minister Theresa May and Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson wearing a Christmas Jumper at Madame Tussauds EPA
17/45 12 December 2017 Victims and family of victims of the Grenfell Tower fire, Nicholas Burton (left), Sandra Ruiz (second right), Karim Mussilhy (right) and a girl who asked not be named (second left), hand in a petition to Downing Street, asking for an overhaul of the public inquiry. PA
18/45 11 December 2017 A homeless man on the streets of Manchester. Many people are spending the night on the streets in freezing temperatures as the Met Office continues to issue weather warnings across the country. The Shelter charity has said that more than 300,000 are now homeless across Britain, equating to the population of a city the size of Newcastle Getty
19/45 10 December 2017 Pedestrians walk over the Millennium Bridge with St Paul's Cathedral pictured in the background as snow falls AFP/Getty Images
20/45 9 December 2017 British Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson, left, and Secretary of Iran's Supreme National Security Council Ali Shamkhani, right, with interpreter at centre, during their meeting in Tehran, Iran. Johnson is expected to discuss the fate of detained British-Iranian woman Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe, who is serving a five-year prison sentence for allegedly plotting to overthrow Iran's government. AP
21/45 8 December 2017 British Prime Minister Theresa May (L) and European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker address a press conference at the European Commission in Brussels AFP/Getty Images
22/45 7 December 2017 Nick Dunn, one of the so-called Chennai Six is greeted by his sister Lisa as he arrives at Newcastle Airport after being released from India after serving four years in jail on weapons charges. PA
23/45 6 December 2017 Britain's Queen Elizabeth II (L) greets Nigeria's ambassador to the United Kingdom, George Adesola Oguntade (C), and his wife, Modupe Oguntade, during a private audience at Buckingham Palace in central London AFP/Getty
24/45 5 December 2017 800 abandoned buckets appear at Potters Field Park, London, in a moving tribute to the 800 children who die every day, on average, due to a lack of clean water and sanitation. Just one bucket in the installation, part of WaterAid’s #Untapped appeal, could hold almost enough safe drinking water for one child for a week. Every £1 donated to the #Untapped appeal until 31st January 2018 will be matched by the UK Government. WaterAid / Ollie Dixon
25/45 4 December 2017 British Prime Minister Theresa May smiles to European Union President Donald Tusk as she attends Brexit negotiations' meetings AFP/Getty
26/45 3 December 2017 The last Supermoon of 2017 sets over Whitley Bay, Northumberland PA
27/45 2 December 2017 The crowd reacts as England's Dawid Malan fails to stop a boundary during the first day of the second Ashes test match REUTERS
28/45 1 December 2017 England manager, Gareth Southgate, jokes with Belgium manager, Roberto Martinez, after their sides were drawn in the same group during the Final Draw for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia Getty Images
29/45 30 November 2017 A supporter of Lauri Love, who is accused of hacking into U.S. government computers, wears a Donald Trump mask as he protests in front of the Royal Courts of Justice in London AP
30/45 29 November 2017 A sign reading 'We want our future back' is displayed in front of Westminster during an Anti-Brexit Demonstration Rex Features
31/45 28 November 2017 This year's innovative V&A Christmas Tree, The Singing Tree, is shaped from a cloud of floating words, contributed by visitors, and is created by leading stage and performance designer Es Devlin. Rex Features
32/45 27 November 2017 David Jones and Margaret Tyler wait outside Kensington Palace after hearing about the engagement of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle Rex
33/45 26 November 2017 Sailors from the Royal Navy perform the Changing of the Guard ceremony at Buckingham Palace for the first time in its 357-year history PA
34/45 25 November 2017 Arlene Foster gives her leader's speech during the annual DUP party conference at La Mon House Getty Images
35/45 24 November 2017 Ex-England footballer Michael Owen prior to riding in a charity race at Ascot racecourse Rex
36/45 23 November 2017 Shoppers pass a promotional sign for 'Black Friday' sales discounts on Oxford Street AFP/Getty
37/45 22 November 2017 Britain's Chancellor of the Exchequer Phillip Hammond poses with the budget box at 11 Downing Street EPA
38/45 21 November 2017 Protestors hold up a banner during a protest held in solidarity with the University of London cleaners' strike Petros Elia
39/45 20 November 2017 British Prime Minister Theresa May greets Ghana's President Nana Akufo-Addo outside number 10 Downing Street Getty
40/45 19 November 2017 Grigor Dimitrov reacts to winning the Men's Singles Final with the trophy, during day eight of the NITTO ATP World Tour Finals at the O2 Arena in London PA
41/45 18 November 2017 Central Scotland MSP Richard Leonard is congratulated by Glasgow MSP Anas Sarwar at the Glasgow Science Centre after he was announced as the new leader of Scottish Labour Jane Barlow/PA
42/45 17 November 2017 British Military Working Dog Mali poses for a photograph with his handler, Cpl. Daniel Hatley, after receiving the PDSA Dickin Medal, the animal equivalent of the Victoria Cross, for his heroic action in Afghanistan Reuters
43/45 16 November 2017 Theresa May chats with resident Val Lay during a visit to a housing estate in London AFP/Getty
44/45 15 November 2017 Richard Radcliffe leaves the Foreign Office with his local MP Tulip Siddiq, following a meeting with Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson Marc Ward/REX
45/45 14 November 2017 Four-time Olympic champion Sir Mo Farah after being awarded a Knighthood by Queen Elizabeth II PA
Data shows that the total number of interventions across community services, inpatient detoxification, residential rehab and primary care received by clients for addiction fell from 308,118 in 2013-14 to 278,489 in 2016-17.
Eytan Alexander, founder of UK Addiction Treatment Centres (UKAT), said: “Addiction is a complex disorder and whilst it isn’t always possible to identify the root cause, alcoholism is more prevalent to those who struggle to cope with underlying issues such as depression and anxiety, where the positive short term effects of alcohol are essentially used to self-medicate against that emotional or mental pain and discomfort,” he said.
“We must provide better education on the dangers of excessive drinking as well as help those who are dependent to recover but ultimately, cutting budgets by £100million annually is a huge threat to that.” ||||| Outside cultural myth and folklore, little attention has been paid to the immediate emotions associated with drinking different types of alcohol. Potential differences in the emotional consequences (both positive and negative) of drinking different types of alcohol (for example, spirits vs beer) and how emotional expectations from experiences of different alcohol types influence drink choice remain relatively unexplored areas. However, measures that look to change drinking behaviour and consequently reduce alcohol-related harms could benefit from a better understanding of how different drink types are associated with diverse social and emotional outcomes and how such relationships vary with demographics and drinking situation (for example, whether drinking at home or when out). In this study, we used the internationally established Global Drug Survey (GDS) to identify which drink types are associated with different emotional outcomes in alcohol consumers from 21 countries and how both demographic factors and levels of dependency on alcohol affect such relationships. Finally, we explored whether emotions that respondents associate with different drink types influence their choices of drinks in different settings.
Historically, alcohol’s perceived capacity to temporarily reduce negative emotions (and consequently increase pleasure and relaxation) has been regarded as the primary reason for consumption. 11 Individuals across the USA, Canada and Sweden have previously reported associating generally positive emotions with alcohol consumption, emphasising feelings of relaxation and reporting alcohol as an antidote to fatigue and contributing to increasing the values of sociability. 12 Social mood enhancement has also been found to be the most highly endorsed reason for drinking, with alcohol consumption being strongly associated with short-term increases in self-reported positive mood, decreases in negative mood and increases in levels of social bonding. 13 However, although alcohol may initially induce stimulation, consumption has also been associated with triggering negative emotions, such as aggression and depression 14–16 and can lead to out-of-character actions being undertaken by the drinker and exacerbate premorbid personality traits. 17
Alcohol consumption has a long-standing association with mood, with evidence showing that people consume alcohol to help regulate emotional experiences, reduce negative emotions and enhance positive emotions. 5 6 A substantial body of research exists which outlines drinking motives, defined as the gateway to the decision to consume alcohol and makes the assumption that people drink to achieve a particular goal. 7–9 Social motives have been associated with moderate alcohol use, enhancement motives (for example, increasing levels of confidence) with heavy drinking and coping motives with alcohol-related problems. 7 Evidence also outlines how expectancies about the perceived consequences of drinking alcohol affects whether people start to drink, become regular drinkers or become dependent on alcohol. 10
Alcohol use is of international public health concern with approximately 3.3 million deaths and 5.1% of the global burden of disease and injury attributable to alcohol consumption in 2014. 1 In addition, there is a growing body of evidence illustrating the harms caused by those who drink alcohol to individuals around them and to wider communities (eg, through alcohol-related violence and antisocial behaviour). 2–4 Understanding why people choose particular drink types and whether different drinks elicit different emotions may help inform more effective public health interventions.
To identify and quantify the strength of association between variables used in the analysis, χ 2 , Cochran’s Q, McNemar’s test and logistic regression modelling were undertaken in SPSS V.23. Demographics included in analyses were age (categorised as 18–24, 25–29 and 30–34 years), sex, country of residence, educational attainment and levels of dependency on alcohol (based on the AUDIT questionnaire score). Respondents were classified into the following dependency categories: 0–7, low risk; 8–15, increasing risk; 16–19, higher risk; 20+, possible dependence. 21 The emotions associated with drinking individual types of alcohol were analysed. The emotions individuals experienced regardless of the drink they associated with each emotion were combined to make a set of variables that describe the emotions associated with drinking any of the different types of alcohol (spirits, white wine, red wine and beer). In addition, to analyse how emotions relate to drink choice in different settings, what drinks were reported to be most consumed in different settings and the emotions that people associate with those particular drink types were linked.
In total, 87 925 respondents completed the survey and had reported drinking alcohol in the last 12 months. However, to strengthen the robustness of the effect estimates, the dataset for analyses was restricted to respondents who had reported their sex, were resident in a country which contributed at least 200 responses to the overall survey and were aged 18–34 years old. In total, 4271 cases were excluded due to low country response and 23 076 were excluded as they were out of the desired age range leaving a sample of 60 578. All respondents to the survey reported their gender. For the purposes of examining emotional relationships with different alcohol types, only individuals who had consumed all alcohol types of interest (ie, spirits, red wine, white wine and beer) at some point in the last 12 months and had indicated one of these as their main drink when at home and when outside of the home were included. Although some respondents reported drinking other beverages, for example cider, the numbers were too small for inclusion in the analysis. This resulted in a final sample size of 29 836. Full details of sample demographics used in the analysis are outlined in the online supplementary table A .
Sociodemographic data were collected on age, sex, country of residence and educational attainment (here categorised into either not attended high school or attended high school) as a proxy for socioeconomic status. The GDS also collects data on the consumption of both legal and illegal drug use and alcohol use. 18 Analyses within this study focus on individual alcohol use and use a range of questions that asked respondents to self-report what type of alcoholic drink(s) they consume and which different emotions they associated with each alcohol type. Emotions included were both positive (energised, relaxed, sexy and confident) and negative (tired, aggressive, ill, restless and tearful). Data were also collected on what types of alcohol were most likely to be drunk at home or when out and levels of consumption for each participant using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were also calculated. 21
The GDS is the world’s biggest drug survey. Using encrypted online survey methods, the GDS is implemented as an annual, opportunistic, self-reported, cross-sectional survey of alcohol and drug use among adults over the age of 16 years. 18 The GDS 2016 was launched online in November 2015 in 11 languages (English, German, Greek, Polish, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Flemish, Hungarian and Danish) and promoted internationally through national media (newspapers, magazines and social media networks). While the GDS non-probability methodology does not allow for the assessment of general population prevalence, the GDS sample enables examination of drug and alcohol behaviours and perceptions across age groups, gender, sexual preferences, place of residence or mental health status within the sample. GDS can efficiently add nuance and add depth to the findings of more representative surveys, which are often less detailed and based on smaller samples. The GDS has previously been used to examine both alcohol and drug use, for example, exploring the risk of emergency admission after drug use, trends in self-reported drug use such as nitrous oxide and examining harm to others from alcohol consumption. 4 19 20 While it was not designed to create supranational or nationally representative population estimates, it does provides access to a large sample of self-selected individuals. Other publications provide full details of other aspects of the utility, design and limitations of the GDS. 4 19
The youngest age group indicated a very strong relationship with choosing any type of alcohol that made them feel energised, sexy and confident when drinking outside of the home. However, these relationships were not as strong when drinking at home. The oldest age group more frequently chose to drink alcohol that made them feel tired and relaxed when out and the youngest age groups selecting drinks that made them feel tired when drinking at home (see online supplementary table E).
Finally, how the different emotions associated with drink type influence people’s choices of alcoholic beverages in different settings was examined, taking into account confounding demographic factors ( table 5A,B ; see online supplementary table E ). For each type of emotion, significant differences were reported between emotions elicited by the types of drinks which were mostly drunk at home compared with a night out ( table 5B ). Reporting a dependency on alcohol showed a strong association with drinking any type of alcohol which made them feel energised, sexy and confident whether drinking at home or when out. In addition, respondents dependent on alcohol reported a greater tendency to select any type of drink that elicited emotions of aggression and tearfulness when drinking at home or when out. The association between emotions of aggression and dependency was noticeably strongest, independent of setting. Women more frequently reported drinking types of alcohol at home and when out which elicit the emotion of feeling sexy compared with men ( table 5B ).
Emotions reported with each alcohol type varied by age group. For example, feeling tired or relaxed when drinking spirits and red wine were more frequently reported by the youngest age group, whereas for white wine and beer, these emotions were more frequently reported by the oldest age group. In addition, emotions associated with each drink type were more frequently reported by respondents who had not attended high school or higher education, with the exception of feeling sexy, ill or restless when drinking spirits, relaxed or tired when drinking red wine and energised or relaxed when drinking beer. Italian residents more frequently reported feeling energised while drinking red wine and those from Colombia were more likely to report feeling energised when drinking spirits (see online supplementary tables C,D ).
For each individual drink type, positive emotions were more frequently reported by those with higher alcohol dependency scores. This was also true of negative emotions, with the exception of feeling tired when drinking spirits or white wine. Women were more likely to report each emotion when drinking spirits, red wine and white wine, with the exceptions of feeling relaxed, tired or aggressive with spirits, and energised with red wine. Men were more likely to report each emotion when drinking beer, apart from feeling tearful ( table 4 ).
Differences in emotions reported by respondents when drinking alcohol of any type (inclusive of spirits, white wine, red wine and beer) were examined for sociodemographic groups. With the exception of feeling aggressive, women were significantly more likely than men to report each emotion as a result of drinking any type of alcohol ( table 2 ). Younger age groups (18–24 years) most frequently reported most emotion types when drinking alcohol. Exceptions were aggression and tiredness where there was no significant association with age ( table 2 ). Respondents’ alcohol consumption (AUDIT score) was strongly associated with both positive and negative emotions, with heavier drinkers more likely to report all emotional changes as a result of drinking. This relationship was especially strong for the emotions of aggression, whereas the increase in tiredness was negligible( table 2 ). A greater proportion of those with lower educational attainment reported both positive (energised, sexy or confident) and negative (aggressive, ill or tearful) emotions when drinking alcohol compared with those who had attended high school ( table 2 ). Bivariate associations between emotions and both alcohol dependence level and demographics remained significant after using logistic regression modelling to control for confounding relationships between variables ( table 3 ; see online supplementary table B for country of residence). Thus, women had higher odds of feeling all emotions compared with men apart from aggression where men had significantly higher odds. Younger age groups had higher odds of feeling all emotions apart from tiredness and aggression. Odds of reporting all emotions except tiredness increased with AUDIT score category, in particular feelings of aggression ( table 3 ). Differences in emotions were also reported by respondents from different countries with the highest association with the positive emotions of feeling energised, relaxed and sexy being the South American sample of Colombia and Brazil. For negative emotions, the country sample with the strongest association with aggression when drinking alcohol was Norway and for feeling restless was France (online supplementary table B). However, caution must be taken when interpreting these results due to the small sample for each country.
Results indicated that respondents attributed different emotions to drinking different types of alcohol ( table 1 ). Over half of all respondents associated drinking spirits with emotions of energy and confidence and 42.4% reported that drinking spirits made them feel sexy. Respondents were most likely to report feeling relaxed (52.8%) when drinking red wine; although almost half of respondents also reported feeling relaxed when drinking beer ( table 1 ). Drinking spirits was more likely to draw out feelings of aggression, illness, restlessness and tearfulness than all other drink types ( table 1 ). However, red wine was the most likely to make individuals feel tired (60.1%, table 1 ).
Discussion
Using an international sample, our study found that different types of alcohol are associated with different types of emotions, eliciting both positive and negative emotions (table 1), and highlights the complex relationships between drink choice, emotions and the settings in which alcohol is consumed. Emotions were found to differ substantially between different demographic groups, and these relationships were maintained after accounting for confounding sociodemographics and level of alcohol dependency (table 3). The association between drinking spirits and the emotion of aggression was a key finding with 29.8% of respondents reporting this relationship, significantly higher than other types of alcohol (p<0.001; table 1). Findings suggest dependent drinkers (AUDIT >20) rely on alcohol to obtain the positive emotions they associated with drinking, being five times more likely to feel energised compared with low risk drinkers (adjusted OR (AOR) 4.7; 95% CI 4.07 to 5.50; table 3). However, heavier drinkers also reported negative emotions more frequently with respondents being just over six times more likely to report feelings of aggression (AOR 6.4; 95% CI 5.79 to 7.09; p<0.001; table 3), which may in part be a result of drinking greater quantities of alcohol in a session so increasing the impact on emotions. Conversely, relationships between tiredness and drinking pattern were negligible and for some drink types (spirits, white wine), heavier drinkers were less likely to report feelings of tiredness. These results are consistent with existing evidence on heavy drinking and alcohol dependence, including the development of tolerance to the sedative effects of alcohol.22 23 The reported emotions for wine differed, with red wine drinkers more likely to report tiredness than white wine drinkers. Within the limits of the GDS, it was not possible to explore, for instance whether this was due to drinking each at different times of day or expected effects of specific alcoholic drinks potentially influenced by culture or marketing. Women more frequently reported all emotions apart from feelings of aggression, and younger age groups more frequently reported all emotions with the exception of aggression and tiredness (table 3). Our findings support previous research which highlights that male beer drinkers show less aggression than men who drink spirits (table 4).24 Spirits are a popular choice of drink in a number of countries, with substantial proportions of the population consuming spirits on a regular basis.25 Within our sample, spirits were more likely than beer, red wine and white wine to elicit the majority of positive emotions when consumed. However, they were also more likely to be associated with negative emotions (table 4). These findings suggest that individuals make the assumption that positive emotions associated with drinking particular types of alcohol will outweigh the negative emotions. The continued selection of particular types of alcohol with negative emotional outcomes may in part rely on positive emotions being emphasised by almost ubiquitous advertising26 27 and negative emotions framed as infrequent and largely a result of abuse. Finally, our results show that individuals dependent on alcohol more frequently associated emotions with alcohol whether they were drinking at home or when out (table 5).
Existing literature illustrates that previous experiences with alcohol are related to intentions to drink alcohol in the future.28 Our analyses suggest that individuals are, to some extent, consuming beverages in different settings based on the emotions they perceive to be associated with particular types of alcohol (table 5). These findings suggest that individuals inadvertently select drinks which are known to elicit negative emotions because they crave the positive emotions that go with them and link with existing evidence that those dependent on alcohol drink alcohol as a coping mechanism rather than drinking for pleasure.7 This was evident particularly among heavier drinkers. This highlights a potential emotional gap which individuals may be looking to fill by drinking alcohol. This gap can be a concern, particularly with exploitation by the alcohol industry with advertising focused on pushing the positive emotions associated with alcohol use without outlining the negatives which go alongside them.
Understanding the relationship between different types of alcohol and the emotions and associated behaviours they may elicit may help improve public health messages and health promotion and may help to prevent escalation to dependent drinking.6 7 10 The results from this study can be used to influence behaviour change policy and contribute significantly to the limited evidence base on alcohol use and emotions. Previous studies have tended to focus on the effect of alcohol as a whole.5 6 These results suggest that the different types of alcohol are not necessarily perceived or used in the same way and therefore harm prevention policy may benefit from treating types of drinks differently, especially when addressing spirits and, for instance their significant association with aggression (table 4).
A strength of the GDS is that it allows relationships between alcohol and emotions to be explored within a large, international sample which includes a high proportion of younger age respondents who can be difficult to capture via telephone or face-to-face interviews. This age group corresponds with age groups often studied within this field of research, for example students and adolescents.5 15 28 Using a unique range of questions, the survey data allowed for novel analysis on how groups within the survey population associate emotions with different types of alcohol in different settings. More specific surveys which are perhaps limited for instance to only one country (eg, the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) in America29) can examine these issues in more details within a more tightly defined respondent group.
Although the sample size for the study is large, the opportunistic nature of the survey means it should not be considered representative of any country or region. Thus, the analyses undertaken should not be considered to represent proportions of any population other than the study sample. As the sample was self-selected, there may be an over-representation of individuals who are more likely to participate in drug and alcohol use. The sample may also be biased towards those with access to the internet. However, confounders of sociodemographics and alcohol dependency were accounted for in the analysis to illustrate the associations between emotions and drink types in different groups of the population. This study uses data which has been self-reported by respondents and the emotions associated with alcohol consumption may have been affected by confounding factors such as mood prior to drinking and mixing of alcohol drink type in individual drinking sessions which were unable to be controlled for. Additionally, without knowledge about the amount of alcohol consumed and the rate at which it was drunk, such inferences remain speculative. Respondents may have also undertaken other activities while consuming specific drinks such as dancing, socialising and drug use, which may have affected emotions reported to be associated with each drink type. We also cannot rule out the impact of recall bias and the deliberate misreporting of results.
This study is an initial exploration to understand the relationships between perceived emotions and alcohol consumption. Further research is required into why people choose to consume specific drink types in different settings, their mood prior to drinking, drinking patterns including combination of drinks consumed on individual occasions, differences in alcohol volume, mixers consumed with drinks and the effect of alcohol advertising on the perceived mood of drinkers. This arena of evidence may also benefit from additional qualitative research to further understand how alcohol makes people feel and how this affects drink choice in different settings. Research using an experimental approach is also an area for future research to examine the immediate effects on individual emotions when consuming alcohol. ||||| Spirits are associated with confidence and red wine is linked to relaxation – and researchers hope findings will help people consider alcohol’s emotional effects
While indulging in booze can inspire cheerful merrymaking in some, for others it can lead to a tearful journey to the bottom of the glass. Now researchers say the emotions people feel when drinking could be linked to their tipple of choice.
An international survey has revealed that spirits are often associated with feelings of energy, confidence and sexiness – but on the flip-side anger and tearfulness – while red wine is the drink most commonly linked to relaxation, but also tiredness.
While the researchers say the reasons for the links are likely to be complex, they hope the study will urge individuals to think carefully about the alcohol they consume.
Drink and be merry: why alcohol makes us feel good, then doesn’t | Dean Burnett Read more
“From a public health perspective a lot of the time we have focused on issues around cancer, heart disease and liver disease – but an important aspect is the balance of emotional outcomes that people are getting from alcohol,” said Mark Bellis, co-author of the research from Public Health Wales NHS Trust.
The study, published in the journal BMJ Open, is based on an anonymous online questionnaire that was completed by individuals aged between 18 and 34 who had drunk alcohol in the previous year. Part of an international survey on alcohol and drug use, the questions probed the type of alcohol drunk and associated emotions, and were asked in 11 different languages, with participants taking part from 21 countries around the world.
The results, based on answers from almost 30,000 participants who had reported consuming both red and white wine as well as beer and spirits in the past year, reveal that certain types of alcoholic drink appear to be linked to particular emotions.
Almost 53% of participants said drinking red wine made them feel relaxed – an emotion that was also linked to beer by nearly 50% of participants, and white wine by nearly 33%. By contrast, spirits were linked to feelings of confidence by just over 59% of participants, energy by more than 58% and sexiness by just over 42%.
However, spirits were also more likely to be linked to negative feelings including tearfulness, with almost 48% of participants linking such tipples to feeling ill and nearly 30% to aggression. Meanwhile, more than 60% of participants said they linked red wine to feeling tired. White wine was the tipple least often linked to tearfulness, with only 10% saying they associated it with becoming weepy.
“By and large spirits are having a stronger relationship in pretty well all of the outcomes – apart from those associated with red wine, around relaxation and tiredness,” said Bellis.
Further analysis, taking into account age and other factors, revealed that women were generally more likely to report feeling the various emotions on drinking alcohol, with men more likely to report feelings of aggression.
The proportion of participants reporting the various emotions, both positive and negative, generally increased with overall heaviness of drinking. Further differences were found for the various drinks when participants’ age, educational background and sex were considered.
Drinking was found more likely to be linked to feelings of relaxation and tiredness when done at home; confidence, sexiness, energy – and feeling ill or aggressive – were more likely when out.
The truth about alcohol, from gin tears to champagne hangovers Read more
However, the study had limitations, not least that it drew on a self-selecting group of participants, meaning it might have appealed to those more likely to take drugs and drink. It also did not take into account how much participants drank on any one occasion or whether they mixed drinks, and relied on participants thinking back to how they felt at the time.
What’s more, it is not clear whether the alcohol itself triggered the emotions, or whether the social situation also played a role, while the concentration of the alcohol, presence of other ingredients, and people’s expectations of the drinks could also be important factors.
Matt Field, professor of psychology at the University of Liverpool who was not involved in the research, said that the study was valuable, and agreed with the authors that it would be interesting to explore whether they way in which different drinks are advertised might affect the emotions people link to them.
But, he said, it was far from clear that spirits were more likely than other alcoholic drinks to make people aggressive.
“Because it is a cross-sectional snapshot there are a lot of things that might explain it,” he said. “It could be that people who are more prone to aggression after alcohol might favour spirits for reasons that we don’t know.”
|||||
A: | The desired mood of your Thanksgiving meal should determine what type of alcohol you serve: red wine for a sleepy, relaxed atmosphere or spirits for a sexy, confident air. That's the conclusion of a new survey analyzing how different types of alcohol make people feel. The reasons behind the feelings aren't fully understood, but researchers say there are clear trends in the emotions certain alcoholic beverages brought out in 30,000 people, aged 18 to 34, from 21 countries. For example, more than 60% said red wine made them feel sleepy, while 53% said it made them feel relaxed, reports the Guardian. Similarly, nearly 60% of participants said spirits made them feel confident and energetic, while 42% said spirits made them feel sexy. But almost 50% said spirits made them feel ill, while 30% drew a link with aggression, according to Public Health Wales. Men and heavy drinkers were more prone to report aggression, per the Independent, while women were more likely to report all other emotions, tearfulness among them. Tearfulness was reported by almost 25% of spirit drinkers, 17% of red wine drinkers, and 9% of beer and white wine drinkers, reports the Telegraph. Half of participants also said beer made them feel relaxed, compared to 33% of white wine drinkers, researchers write in BMJ Open. The study didn't consider the mixing of alcohols. It's also unclear if social situation or other factors affected participants' feelings. Still, researchers say drinkers, as well as those who study alcohol abuse, should take the trends into account. | 3 | NIv2 | task1291_multi_news_summarization | fs_opt | [
0.6557739973068237,
0.1467188000679016,
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... |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
Q: The United Nations ' Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women says : " violence against women is a manifestation of historically unequal power of relations between men and women . "
A: | The UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women states , " violence against women is a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women " and " violence against women is one of the crucial social mechanisms by which women are forced into a subordinate position compared with men . " | 9 | NIv2 | task955_wiki_auto_style_transfer | zs_opt | [
-0.29240915179252625,
1.2743151187896729,
-0.8845775127410889,
-0.21014030277729034,
-0.30539071559906006,
-1.2326964139938354,
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-0.5321868658065796,
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-0.7630179524421692,
-0.2270675152540207,... |
You are given a sentence in Arabic. Your job is to translate the Arabic sentence into Hebrew.
Input: Consider Input: صوت الكتروني: لقد وصلتي.
Output: ק.א: הגעת.
Input: Consider Input: وفي نهاية القراءة ، قامت كاثرين كيدي من وكالة "" كيدي ، هويت وبيكارد "" الأدبية ، بالمجيء إلي ومصافحة يدي. وقدموا لي الرعاية الأدبية ، على الفور.
Output: ובסוף ההקראה קתרין קידי מסוכנות הספרות קידי, הויט ופיקארד ניגשה היישר אלי, לחצה את ידי והציעה לי בו במקום לייצג אותי.
Input: Consider Input: والمنغروف كانت توفر الخشب والعسل ، و بقايا للحيوانات ، حتى يتمكنوا من إنتاج الحليب وغيره ، كما كان لدينا في بيوسفار.
| Output: המנגרובים שימשו לאספקת עץ דבש ועלים לבעלי החיים, כך שהם יכלו להפיק חלב ודברים נוספים, כפי שאנו עשינו בביוספירה.
| 2 | NIv2 | task1233_ted_translation_ar_he | fs_opt | [
-0.616828203201294,
0.5617707967758179,
-0.3903619050979614,
-0.720460057258606,
-0.8764489889144897,
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0.9128208160400391,
-0.6266635656356812,
0.2944832146167755,
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0.0802878588438034,
-0.8639975786209106,
0.40868380665779114,... |
This task involves annotating the answer type to a given question that involve some kind of complex reasoning (including numerical reasoning). Note that the questions require looking at more than one part of the passage to answer. There are 3 possible answer types (i) spans, (ii) numbers and (iii) dates. If the answer can be found in the passage, label it as "span". If the answer is a number, label as "number". Similarly, label "date" if you think the answer to the given question is a date.
One example: Passage: The outbreak of the Seven Years' War in Europe in 1756 resulted in renewed conflict between French and British forces in India. The Third Carnatic War spread beyond southern India and into Bengal where British forces captured the French settlement of Chandernagore in 1757. However, the war was decided in the south, where the British successfully defended Madras, and Sir Eyre Coote decisively defeated the French, commanded by Comte de Lally at the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760. After Wandiwash, the French capital of Pondicherry fell to the British in 1761. The war concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763, which returned Chandernagore and Pondichéry to France, and allowed the French to have "factories" in India but forbade French traders from administering them. The French agreed to support British client governments, thus ending French ambitions of an Indian empire and making the British the dominant foreign power in India.
Question: Which french settlement did the British capture first, Chandernagore or Pondicherry?
Solution is here: span
Explanation: The answer "Chandernagore" is a word from the passage. So, the answer type is "span".
Now, solve this: Passage: Hoping to rebound from their loss to the Dolphins, the Bills flew to Lambeau Field for an interconference duel with the Packers. In the 1st quarter Buffalo trailed early as kicker Mason Crosby made a 44 and a 24-yard field goal, followed by RB Brandon Jackson getting a 1-yard TD run. The Bills made their only score of the game in the 2nd quarter when RB Fred Jackson made a 3-yard TD run. In the third quarter the Bills struggled further when QB Aaron Rodgers completed a 7-yard TD pass to WR Donald Driver, followed by Rodgers scrambling 9 yards to the endzone for a touchdown. The Packers increased their lead in the fourth when Rodgers made a 30-yard touchdown pass to WR James Jones.
Question: How many field goals did Mason Crosby score in the first quarter?
Solution: | number | 6 | NIv2 | task027_drop_answer_type_generation | fs_opt | [
0.6951569318771362,
0.6884775161743164,
-0.4243486821651459,
-0.21449345350265503,
0.14572741091251373,
-0.7719170451164246,
0.8570473790168762,
0.2901620864868164,
0.6379261016845703,
-0.18974000215530396,
-0.5567808151245117,
0.5275415182113647,
-0.6565955877304077,
-0.16711105406284332,... |
Teacher:In this task, you are given a sentence in English, and your task is to translate it into Persian.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: shut her sketch book, saying with condescension,
Student: | دفتر طراحیاش را بسته و با فروتنی و تواضع گفت: | 6 | NIv2 | task661_mizan_en_fa_translation | zs_opt | [
-0.24561268091201782,
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-0.860919713973999,
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0.05644477158784866,
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0.04174620658159256,
0.061990026384592056,
0.45338666439056396,
-0.3278461992740631,
-0.87306177616119... |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
You are given a sentence in Galician. Your job is to translate the Galician sentence into Italian.
Isto inclúe un sistema en árabe chamado al-jebra.
Solution: Tra di esse, si annovera il piccolo sistema in arabo detto al-jebr.
Why? The Galician sentence is correctly translated into Italian, because the meaning is preserved.
New input: E obviamente hai un compoñente de violencia sexual nisto, polo que este tipo de vixilancia poder ser usada con máis efectividade contra mulleres e outras persoas que poden ser avergonzadas na nosa sociedade.
Solution: | E inoltre c'è ovviamente una componente di violenza sessuale, per cui questo tipo di sorveglianza può essere usato più efficacemente contro le donne e contro persone che possono essere umiliate. | 0 | NIv2 | task1243_ted_translation_gl_it | fs_opt | [
-0.5666719675064087,
0.909358561038971,
-0.37067118287086487,
0.23867326974868774,
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1.1077182292938232,
0.7286813259124756,
-1.1672637462615967,
0.010978830978274345,
-0.6462979316711426,
-0.06920872628688812,
-0.5475057363510132,
0.43302986025810... |
In this task, You are given an amazon food product review and its summary. Your task is to Generate "True" if given review and its summary match, otherwise generate "False".
Example Input: Pops great in the microwave. Much better than many store brands. Good product.
Summary: Very good popocorn
Example Output: False
Example Input: This is the perfect food for my cat & in fact, the only one she will eat - wet or dry.
Summary: Best Green Tea Ever!
Example Output: False
Example Input: I've recently started drinking green smoothies to get healthier and had read that flax seeds have terrific health benefits such as lowering your blood pressure and cholesterol. I add a tablespoon of chia seed and flax seed to my smoothies every day and since drinking my fruits and vegetables I feel better, lost some weight and have stopped having heart flutters. I'm now looking forward to having my next blood work done to see how well it has helped. Highly recommend to anyone wanting to get healthy an all natural way!
Summary: Great stuff
Example Output: | False
| 3 | NIv2 | task590_amazonfood_summary_correction_classification | fs_opt | [
-0.4200246334075928,
-0.28692004084587097,
-0.2330474555492401,
-0.26313307881355286,
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-0.02550814487040043,
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-0.07579561322927475,
-0.8186310529708862,
-0.47170948982... |
Part 1. Definition
You are given a sentence in Spanish. Your job is to translate the Spanish sentence into Farsi.
Part 2. Example
Bueno, yo digo nada, pero en realidad hay una unidad de investigación muy, muy pequeña en Turín, Italia, llamada Proyecto de Perfiles de Hackers.
Answer: خوب ، من چیزی نمیگم ، اما در واقع یک واحد تحقیقات کوچک در در تورین ، ایتالیا به نام پروژه پروفایل هکرها وجود داره.
Explanation: The Spanish sentence is correctly translated into Farsi, because the meaning is preserved.
Part 3. Exercise
“Bueno, sí, tenemos que incrementar la producción de pies.
Answer: | "" خوب آره ، ما باید تولید پا رو افزایش بدیم. | 7 | NIv2 | task1103_ted_translation_es_fa | fs_opt | [
-0.2597406506538391,
0.4208703637123108,
-0.2270558625459671,
0.26709961891174316,
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-0.7740428447723389,
0.2547953426837921,
-0.19712033867835999,
-0.274070620536804... |
In this task, you are given books product reviews in English language. The goal is to classify the review as "POS" if the overall sentiment of the review is positive or as "NEG" if the overall sentiment of the review is negative.
It is Horrible! . I can't believe how you nice little English people can actually edit such terrible and unbelievable books! I hope you'll never ever get another book published | NEG | 0 | NIv2 | task476_cls_english_books_classification | zs_opt | [
-0.4198051989078522,
0.23097312450408936,
0.7708892822265625,
-0.5993455052375793,
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-0.40694084763526917,
-0.07031264901161194,
-0.528660774230957... |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you are given an input list A. If the count of numbers is more than that of alphabets in the list, answer 'Numbers Win'. If the count of alphabets is more than that of numbers in the list, answer 'Alphabets Win'. If the count of numbers is same as that of alphabets in the list, answer 'Numbers and Alphabets are Tied'.
['N', '7331', 'Z', 'k', '1949', '9707', '619', '6451', 'a', 'l', '3537', '5289', 'm', 'K', 'P', 'B', '9069', 'l']
| Alphabets Win | 5 | NIv2 | task523_find_if_numbers_or_alphabets_are_more_in_list | zs_opt | [
-0.2176833599805832,
0.7349275350570679,
-0.3183342516422272,
-0.24765677750110626,
-0.7018305063247681,
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0.5767648816108704,
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0.19356799125671387,
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0.19638217985630035,
-0.4332297146320343,
0.306216776371002... |
TASK DEFINITION: Given Statement1 and Statement2 in Croatian, identify a label based on the relationship between them. There are two possible labels: 'cause' and 'effect'. If Statement2 is the consequence of Statement1 then the Label is 'effect'. If Statement2 is the cause of Statement1 then the label is 'cause'
PROBLEM: Statement1: Djevojka je začepila nos.
Statement2: Beba se pokakala u pelenu.
SOLUTION: cause
PROBLEM: Statement1: Pacijent je podvrgnut rizičnom medicinskom zahvatu.
Statement2: Specijalisti su preporučili taj zahvat.
SOLUTION: cause
PROBLEM: Statement1: Razgovor u našoj skupini postupno je utihnuo.
Statement2: Bilo mi je neugodno.
SOLUTION: | effect
| 8 | NIv2 | task1629_copa_hr_classification | fs_opt | [
-0.6051520109176636,
0.43027472496032715,
-0.8501383066177368,
-0.08471567928791046,
-0.6962098479270935,
-0.6694567799568176,
0.4799826443195343,
0.01778959110379219,
-0.10561211407184601,
-0.12122413516044617,
0.0624498650431633,
0.6476932764053345,
-0.5463066101074219,
-0.01214353926479... |
You are given a sentence in Hebrew. Your job is to translate the Hebrew sentence into Arabic.
Example: סך כל הפעולות של המהדקים על הגדיל הארוך מקפלות אותו לצורה דמויית מלבן.
Example solution: ويمكن اعادة تكرار هذه العملية على طول الشريط لكي نطبق شريط الحمض النووي فنشكل ما يشبه المستطيلات
Example explanation: The Hebrew sentence is correctly translated into Arabic, because the meaning is preserved.
Problem: מה? מה? אני לא שומעת אותך. "" (צחוק) ותכונה נוספת של התכסיסן היא מזל חכם.
| Solution: هاه ؟ هاه ؟ ماذا ؟ لا يمكن أن نسمع لكم "". (ضحك) وخصلة أخرى للمحتالين أنه الحظ الذكي | 5 | NIv2 | task1237_ted_translation_he_ar | fs_opt | [
-0.19047877192497253,
0.459008127450943,
0.04104098677635193,
-0.7971295714378357,
-0.3303009271621704,
0.01811486855149269,
1.339141845703125,
-0.2825494408607483,
0.493869423866272,
-0.16125604510307312,
-1.2329585552215576,
-0.2679328918457031,
-0.7451528310775757,
-0.2323358952999115,
... |
Instructions: In this task, you need to answer 'Yes' if the given word is the longest word (in terms of number of letters) in the given sentence, else answer 'No'. Note that there could be multiple longest words in a sentence as they can have the same length that is the largest across all words in that sentence.
Input: Sentence: 'a photo of a sewing themed birthday cake'. Is 'birthday' the longest word in the sentence?
Output: | Yes | 3 | NIv2 | task114_is_the_given_word_longest | zs_opt | [
-0.1571250855922699,
0.7417542934417725,
0.3502177596092224,
-0.20965930819511414,
-0.2338801920413971,
-0.6756039261817932,
-0.007331087253987789,
0.3557905852794647,
-0.12221049517393112,
-0.38324540853500366,
-0.2653540372848511,
-0.05993227660655975,
-0.01664971187710762,
0.16986683011... |
Q: You are given a sentence in Galician. Your job is to translate the Galician sentence into Spanish.
A idea de Svalbard xurdíu porque alí vai frío, así que podemos ter temperaturas de conxelación natural.
A: | Hacerlo en Svalbard es porque hace frío, así que conseguimos las temperaturas de congelación natural. | 7 | NIv2 | task1240_ted_translation_gl_es | zs_opt | [
-0.5438010096549988,
1.0493720769882202,
-0.8313737511634827,
-1.235866665840149,
-0.46240976452827454,
-1.8103320598602295,
-0.2850751578807831,
0.2733680009841919,
-0.05448625236749649,
0.24266938865184784,
0.44774991273880005,
0.5797369480133057,
-1.2409318685531616,
0.48401468992233276... |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task you will be given a string that only contains single digit numbers spelled out. The input string will not contain spaces between the different numbers. Your task is to return the number that the string spells out. The string will spell out each digit of the number for example '1726' will be 'oneseventwosix' instead of 'one thousand seven hundred six'.
sixeightsevensixonesixoneseventwo
| 687616172 | 5 | NIv2 | task1443_string_to_number | zs_opt | [
-0.886850118637085,
1.348188877105713,
-0.07753336429595947,
-0.8669567108154297,
-0.3766205310821533,
-0.29273951053619385,
0.45389410853385925,
0.026073671877384186,
0.222968190908432,
-0.5334662199020386,
-0.51302170753479,
0.387973427772522,
-0.8249659538269043,
0.06587386876344681,
... |
Instructions: You are given a sentence in Persian. Your job is to translate the Farsi sentence into Arabic.
Input: هنگامی که به ما گفته میشود بانکداری شغلی بسیار قابل احترام است بسیاری از ما می خواهیم بانکدار شویم.
Output: | فعندما يُقال لنا ان العمل في المصارف هو مهنة محترمة جدا فجميعنا سوف ينساق الى الرغبة بالعمل في المصارف | 3 | NIv2 | task1268_ted_translation_fa_ar | zs_opt | [
-0.30429327487945557,
0.7692347764968872,
-0.5269159078598022,
-0.5143308639526367,
-0.6555032730102539,
0.10412631928920746,
0.8180725574493408,
-0.36828094720840454,
0.8942818641662598,
0.09453515708446503,
-0.9255474805831909,
0.12166967242956161,
-0.40303999185562134,
0.350200235843658... |
instruction:
In this task you will be given a list of numbers. A list is shown by two brackets and comma-separated numbers inside, like: [1,2,3]. You should remove all of the even numbers from the list. If every number in the input list is even an empty list should be returned. Zero should be counted as an even number.
question:
[193, 90, 91, 199, 126, 153, 140, 181]
answer:
[193, 91, 199, 153, 181]
question:
[77, 94, 135, 134, 52, 70, 101, 2, 105, 3]
answer:
[77, 135, 101, 105, 3]
question:
[186, 114, 154, 114, 36, 81]
answer:
| [81]
| 9 | NIv2 | task205_remove_even_elements | fs_opt | [
-0.9191555380821228,
0.34828370809555054,
-0.08737780153751373,
-0.7689798474311829,
0.09264656901359558,
-0.3384696841239929,
0.7339774370193481,
0.41463345289230347,
-0.6403495073318481,
0.7361496090888977,
-0.8486435413360596,
0.27074265480041504,
0.00007415690924972296,
-0.338269621133... |
In this task you are given a tweet and you must identify whether the tweet contains any offense or any form of (untargeted) profanity. Label the post as NOT if the post does not contain offense or profanity. Non-offensive posts do not include any form of offense or profanity. label the post as OFFENSIVE if the post contains offensive language or a targeted (veiled or direct) offense. Twitter user mentions were substituted by @USER and URLs have been substitute by URL.
Q: @USER @USER I think his character rubbed off on my Knight. She is somewhat witty like him, such as when she says I don't need to see you when I can smell you" to the Sith on Alderaan. He was a good Master."
A: NOT
****
Q: @USER About fifty deaths per weekend caused by guns in Chicago which has very strict gun control laws-
A: NOT
****
Q: @USER And you are a football fan too !
A: | NOT
****
| 4 | NIv2 | task286_olid_offense_judgment | fs_opt | [
-0.9441243410110474,
0.22882205247879028,
0.44230949878692627,
0.4003697633743286,
0.027895081788301468,
-0.9431614875793457,
0.06341762840747833,
0.617030918598175,
0.5946954488754272,
0.4963884651660919,
0.20381194353103638,
-0.06456867605447769,
-0.4756670594215393,
-0.21776580810546875... |
Teacher: In this task, you're given four sentences of a story written in natural language in which one part is missing. Your job is to predict the position and missing part of the story and return in the following format: position, missing part. The missing part is a sentence that completes the story, and the position is the number of the missing sentence in the new story.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Sentence1: Rick grew up in a troubled household. Sentence2: He never found good support in family, and turned to gangs. Sentence3: It wasn't long before Rick got shot in a robbery. Sentence4: He is happy now.
Solution: 4, The incident caused him to turn a new leaf.
Reason: As mentioned in fourth sentence, he is happy now; so, the incident turned a new leaf to Rick's life.
Now, solve this instance: Sentence1: The high school student went to the dentist. Sentence2: She was not happy. Sentence3: She got braces and was in a lot of pain. Sentence4: But it was worth it when she saw her straightened teeth.
Student: | 2, She was told she needed braces again. | 2 | NIv2 | task299_storycloze_sentence_generation | fs_opt | [
0.14122985303401947,
0.09177102148532867,
-0.18695521354675293,
-0.3191429078578949,
0.5464282035827637,
-0.4082774519920349,
0.5651261806488037,
0.9562857151031494,
-0.19158342480659485,
-0.04777289554476738,
-0.07685267925262451,
-0.29962533712387085,
-0.2781962454319,
-0.007054377812892... |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given a sentence in the Japanese and Indonesian(Bahasa variant) language. Your task is check if the Bahasa Indonesia sentence is translation of Japanese. if the translation is correct than generate label "Yes", otherwise generate label "No".
Japanese: ニューヨークタイムズとCNETを含む複数の新聞社は「共和党の副大統領候補であるサラ・ペイリンの選挙活動員が、副大統領候補が発表される前24時間の間に彼女に関するウィキペディアの記事に働きかけた」と昨日示した。
Bahasa Indonesia: Beberapa kantor berita, termasuk New York Times dan CNET kemarin mengemukakan bahwa operasional kampanye Sarah Palin, calon wakil presiden dari Partai Republik, bekerja pada artikel Wikipedia mengenai dirinya dalam 24 jam sebelum calon wakil presiden diumumkan.
| Yes | 5 | NIv2 | task1117_alt_ja_id_answer_generation | zs_opt | [
-0.9679242372512817,
0.33524590730667114,
0.28934988379478455,
0.8436973094940186,
-0.22554361820220947,
0.012833540327847004,
0.6356828212738037,
0.03215039148926735,
0.11797434836626053,
-0.25254732370376587,
0.0003671433078125119,
0.4443848431110382,
-0.43410834670066833,
0.040444761514... |
In this task, You are given a review of Amazon's food products. Your task is to divide them into two classes: negative or positive, depending on the content of the review.
[EX Q]: Unfortunately they didn’t work for me at all for they doesn’t work with soft tissue. My skin tissue is too soft and it won’t stay in place. So be careful unfortunately it won’t work for everyone. The firmer your skin is the better it may work.
[EX A]: negative
[EX Q]: Where to start with this book 🤔? Once upon a time there was me looking for a good i could relate to so a friend sent this book to me, while reading I laughed, I cry and cuss the author cuz lord knows what she did and I was devastated. I couldn’t believe how relatable this book is, because even tho is a fiction of the authors imagination it touches some real life stuff that you’ll have to read to see what I’m talking about, I love every aspect of it and can’t wait what you come up with next wink wink shoulder nudge nudge 💜.
[EX A]: positive
[EX Q]: We got this for a little boy turning 6 and it was a hit. We own tracks similar to this, just the plain ones without the dinosaurs etc. It’s a fun toy for all ages, and a safe buy for any kiddos birthday/Christmas/anything!
[EX A]: | positive
| 6 | NIv2 | task1312_amazonreview_polarity_classification | fs_opt | [
0.08091465383768082,
0.20994409918785095,
0.11553901433944702,
-0.37376609444618225,
0.17948605120182037,
-0.3390773832798004,
1.0349878072738647,
0.7270076870918274,
-0.08198343217372894,
0.14580798149108887,
-0.10282815992832184,
-0.07703198492527008,
-0.946765124797821,
-0.5676813721656... |
Teacher:In this task, you're given the title and three arbitrary sentences out of a five-sentence story. You are also given three additional sentence options, a, b, and c, that may or may not belong to the story. Your job is to pick the two options that seamlessly connect with the rest of the story and their positions in the sentence order of the story; note that the selected choices may fit into the story at any point. Your answer must be in the form of '2a, 5b', where '2a' means the candidate sentence 'a' will be inserted as the 2nd sentence in the story. The answer must also be in the order of the selected choices, i.e., '2a, 5b' is allowed, and '5b, 2a' is not allowed. If options are equally plausible, pick the ones that make more sense.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Title: Sam needed antibiotics. It disappeared and he never found it. Sam was told by his doctor it was okay. Choices: a. Carl kept the job for a while until moving on. b. He was almost done with all his treatment. c. Unfortunately he dropped the last pill.
Student: | 2b, 3c | 6 | NIv2 | task222_rocstories_two_chioce_slotting_classification | zs_opt | [
-0.4155787229537964,
0.03970274329185486,
0.3952288031578064,
-0.24621149897575378,
0.32109391689300537,
-0.46867483854293823,
0.2021513283252716,
1.0722920894622803,
-0.4738788902759552,
0.48332440853118896,
-0.20798413455486298,
0.10066913068294525,
0.15935593843460083,
-0.78669577836990... |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you are given a sentence in Spanish and your task is to translate it into English. In translation, keep the numbers and capitalization (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and name).
Part 2. Example
Está, sin duda, dentro de la línea de las posiciones que nuestro Parlamento siempre ha adoptado.
Answer: Indeed, it is quite in keeping with the positions this House has always adopted.
Explanation: This English sentence is properly translated into Spanish because the English sentence also talks about how the house was always adopted.
Part 3. Exercise
Es una cuestión de solidaridad y de progreso.
Answer: | That is a question of solidarity and progress. | 7 | NIv2 | task531_europarl_es_en_translation | fs_opt | [
0.11171384155750275,
0.9261502623558044,
0.3098047971725464,
-0.18025420606136322,
0.2266615778207779,
-1.0175395011901855,
1.3332699537277222,
0.6160523295402527,
0.14208295941352844,
-0.007259942591190338,
-0.2339944839477539,
0.5337204337120056,
-0.9671075344085693,
0.028747307136654854... |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you are given two facts, and a multiple-choice question. Based on the given facts, answer the question with index of the correct option (e.g, "A").
Fact1: seed dispersal has a positive impact on a plant, Fact2: Seed dispersal is usually by birds., Question: Which can have a positive impact on plants? (A) Nutrient deprivation (B) Brown rot (C) trees (D) Birds (E) colors (F) Drought (G) wind (H) LEDs
Output: | D | 1 | NIv2 | task1297_qasc_question_answering | zs_opt | [
-0.5547519326210022,
0.3605949282646179,
-0.35536956787109375,
-0.36059144139289856,
-0.6826765537261963,
-0.9159026145935059,
0.4507231116294861,
0.9394100904464722,
-0.050383638590574265,
0.09304209798574448,
-1.1356465816497803,
-0.09477666020393372,
-0.31208905577659607,
-0.05760769546... |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Example: story: It was bedtime at our house. Two of the three kids hit the pillow and fall asleep. The third is a trouble maker. For two hours he continues to get out of bed and want to play. Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
selected sentence: Finally he becomes tired and falls asleep.
Output: A kid wants to play before sleep >Causes/Enables> A kid eventually falls asleep
The selected sentence is about a kid falling sleep, the answer correctly identifices an event causing the sentence to happen.
New input case for you: story: This was Jane's first time to the fair. She saw all the games and the Ferris wheel. She immediately bought tickets for the Ferris wheel. It was her favorite ride of the night. The next day she went back to the fair to ride it again.
selected sentence: She saw all the games and the Ferris wheel.
Output: | Jane goes to the fair >Causes/Enables> Jane sees games | 1 | NIv2 | task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | fs_opt | [
-0.07344329357147217,
0.6013577580451965,
-0.7401144504547119,
0.11503561586141586,
-0.35644805431365967,
-0.04279477521777153,
0.35499995946884155,
0.7067062854766846,
-0.38364312052726746,
0.054250385612249374,
-0.4616188704967499,
0.7025884389877319,
0.06169750913977623,
-0.261731624603... |
Teacher: You are given a sentence in Spanish. Your job is to translate the Spanish sentence into Italian.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Aquí esta la medusa ala-x de la muerte.
Solution: Qui c'è la medusa mortale con le ali ad X.
Reason: The Spanish sentence is correctly translated into Italian, because the meaning is preserved.
Now, solve this instance: Estos corales en Discovery Bay, Jamaica, fueron los arrecifes de coral más estudiados en el mundo durante 20 años.
Student: | Queste barriere nella baia Discovery in Giamaica sono state le barriere coralline più studiate nel mondo, per 20 anni. | 2 | NIv2 | task1101_ted_translation_es_it | fs_opt | [
0.17151890695095062,
0.4653061032295227,
-0.825871467590332,
-0.5204880237579346,
-0.628536581993103,
-0.8129467368125916,
-0.038384951651096344,
0.8725336194038391,
-0.25771626830101013,
-0.22683650255203247,
0.1514214426279068,
-0.056571222841739655,
-0.5817497372627258,
0.38153395056724... |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you are given two phrases: Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether the Head includes an event or an action in the Tail or not. This happens when the Tail denotes a step within the larger head event. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action.
Head: have conversation<sep>Tail: choose subject to discuss
Solution: Yes
Why? This is a good example. The Head includes the event of choosing a subject the Tail.
New input: Head: PersonX assumes another ___<sep>Tail: to go to the court house
Solution: | No | 0 | NIv2 | task1211_atomic_classification_hassubevent | fs_opt | [
0.18250006437301636,
0.02966947667300701,
0.19722220301628113,
0.20319172739982605,
-0.1864275336265564,
-0.7143699526786804,
1.051424503326416,
0.6936718225479126,
-0.5994667410850525,
0.026241496205329895,
-0.35693007707595825,
-0.3207678198814392,
-0.5785514712333679,
0.3858115375041961... |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given reviews from Amazon's food products and a summary of that review. Your task is to classify whether the given summary matches the original review. Generate "True" if the given review and its summary match, otherwise generate "False".
See one example below:
Problem: Review: My cat won't touch these. My dog, however, chews them and makes a mess all over the carpet and I can't get the shredded sticks out! Messy. Waste of money!
Summary: Cat hates them
Solution: True
Explanation: The answer is True. Because it's a correct summary where the owner mentioned their cat hated the product.
Problem: Reviews: I have read all of DS books. Was very disappointed in this poorly written novel. The depth of the characters were lame as was the happily ever after ending.
Summary: I did an Amazon search for an electric blanket. ...
Solution: | False | 4 | NIv2 | task1309_amazonreview_summary_classification | fs_opt | [
-0.5637026429176331,
0.02120962180197239,
0.06215459480881691,
-0.21371446549892426,
-0.055948298424482346,
-0.5696495771408081,
0.3671215772628784,
0.751225471496582,
-0.22767707705497742,
0.4703584313392639,
-0.23730234801769257,
-0.07610238343477249,
-0.5514838099479675,
-0.069769956171... |
In this task, you are given two phrases: Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether the Head can be hindered by what is mentioned in the Tail or not. In this task, hindering introduces hindrances that obstruct the natural path to the achievement of a goal. For example, the event PersonX adopts a cat can be obstructed if PersonX is allergic to cats. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action.
[Q]: Head: PersonX becomes distracted<sep>Tail: forgetful
[A]: No
[Q]: Head: PersonX goes hunting<sep>Tail: PersonX's hunting gun is broken.
[A]: Yes
[Q]: Head: PersonX decides to join<sep>Tail: The club president banned PersonX from the club.
[A]: | Yes
| 5 | NIv2 | task1204_atomic_classification_hinderedby | fs_opt | [
0.6745211482048035,
-0.08289287984371185,
0.2592321038246155,
0.13668292760849,
-0.47449755668640137,
-1.144085168838501,
0.4862234890460968,
0.4428856074810028,
-0.5978558659553528,
-0.00046590191777795553,
-0.7763204574584961,
-0.5025653839111328,
-0.8286569714546204,
-0.3305744528770447... |
A text is given in Panjabi. Translate it from the Panjabi language to the Tamil language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
One example is below.
Q: ਸਾਡੇ ਇੱਕ ਪੁਰਾਤਨ ਗਰੰਥ ਅਥਰਵਵੇਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਿਹਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ
A: எமது பண்டைய கிரந்தணிப்பு
Rationale: Correct translation for given sentence. Input sentence means 'Our Ancient Granth is described in Atheravewaid' which is the same as the output sentence.
Q: ਵਿੱਤੀ ਸਪੁਰਦਗੀ ਨਾਲ ਸਬੰਧਤ ਵਿਸ਼ਿਆਂ ’ਤੇ ਸਰਵੋਤਮ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਅਤੇ ਅੰਤਰਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਪ੍ਰਥਾਵਾਂ ਦਾ ਪਤਾ ਲਗਾਉਣ ਅਤੇ ਉਸ ਦੀਆਂ ਸਿਫ਼ਾਰਿਸ਼ਾਂ ਦੀ ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ ਅਤੇ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਅਤੇ ਅਮਲ ਨੂੰ ਬਿਹਤਰ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਆਯੋਗ ਦੇ ਦਾਇਰੇ ਅਤੇ ਸਮਝ ਦਾ ਵਿਸਤਾਰ ਕਰਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਦਦ ਕਰਨਾ।
A: | ஆணையத்தின் வரம்புகளை விரிவுபடுத்துவதில் உதவி செய்வது மற்றும், நிதி பகிர்வில் தேசிய மற்றும் சர்வதேச அளவிலான சிறந்த நடைமுறைகளை பின்பற்ற உதவுவது மற்றும் தரத்தை மேம்படுத்தி, பரிந்துரைகளை நடைமுறைப்படுத்துவதில் உதவி செய்தல். | 9 | NIv2 | task1015_pib_translation_punjabi_tamil | fs_opt | [
-0.5999710559844971,
1.0743458271026611,
0.32254403829574585,
-0.02796415239572525,
-0.17928996682167053,
-1.2067207098007202,
0.6377116441726685,
-0.17988194525241852,
-0.14936646819114685,
0.25839662551879883,
-0.6233595609664917,
0.1481863260269165,
-1.2533189058303833,
0.28442549705505... |
Teacher:In this task you are given a tweet and you must identify whether the tweet contains any offense or any form of (untargeted) profanity. Label the post as NOT if the post does not contain offense or profanity. Non-offensive posts do not include any form of offense or profanity. label the post as OFFENSIVE if the post contains offensive language or a targeted (veiled or direct) offense. Twitter user mentions were substituted by @USER and URLs have been substitute by URL.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: @USER @USER I have some work to do with my oldest (20) daughter. Stood in line with her & voted in 2016. She is still very very bitter & it’ll be tough to get her back this year
Student: | NOT | 6 | NIv2 | task286_olid_offense_judgment | zs_opt | [
-1.3583329916000366,
0.3619765639305115,
0.481550931930542,
0.5830919742584229,
-0.26635944843292236,
-1.0412944555282593,
0.44825658202171326,
0.6578208804130554,
0.6680909395217896,
0.22091954946517944,
0.6309699416160583,
0.09351183474063873,
-0.3897843062877655,
-0.7268412709236145,
... |
This task is about reading the given passage and construct a question about the information present in the passage. Construct a question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) its answer is a continuous text span from the paragraph. Avoid creating questions that (i) can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph and (ii) uses same words or phrases given in the passage.
Ex Input:
The first real progress toward a modern understanding of nervous function, though, came from the investigations of Luigi Galvani, who discovered that a shock of static electricity applied to an exposed nerve of a dead frog could cause its leg to contract. Since that time, each major advance in understanding has followed more or less directly from the development of a new technique of investigation. Until the early years of the 20th century, the most important advances were derived from new methods for staining cells. Particularly critical was the invention of the Golgi stain, which (when correctly used) stains only a small fraction of neurons, but stains them in their entirety, including cell body, dendrites, and axon. Without such a stain, brain tissue under a microscope appears as an impenetrable tangle of protoplasmic fibers, in which it is impossible to determine any structure. In the hands of Camillo Golgi, and especially of the Spanish neuroanatomist Santiago Ramón y Cajal, the new stain revealed hundreds of distinct types of neurons, each with its own unique dendritic structure and pattern of connectivity.
Ex Output:
Who found out that a shock of electricity to an exposed nerve of a dead frog caused contractions?
Ex Input:
By 287 BC, the economic condition of the average plebeian had become poor. The problem appears to have centered around widespread indebtedness. The plebeians demanded relief, but the senators refused to address their situation. The result was the final plebeian secession. The plebeians seceded to the Janiculum hill. To end the secession, a dictator was appointed. The dictator passed a law (the Lex Hortensia), which ended the requirement that the patrician senators must agree before any bill could be considered by the Plebeian Council. This was not the first law to require that an act of the Plebeian Council have the full force of law. The Plebeian Council acquired this power during a modification to the original Valerian law in 449 BC. The significance of this law was in the fact that it robbed the patricians of their final weapon over the plebeians. The result was that control over the state fell, not onto the shoulders of voters, but to the new plebeian nobility.
Ex Output:
What was the economic status of your typical plebeian in 287 BC?
Ex Input:
Life with My Sister Madonna, a book by Madonna's brother Christopher, debuted at number two on The New York Times bestseller list. The book caused some friction between Madonna and her brother, because of the unsolicited publication. Problems also arose between Madonna and Ritchie, with the media reporting that they were on the verge of separation. Ultimately, Madonna filed for divorce from Ritchie, citing irreconcilable differences, which was finalized in December 2008. She decided to adopt from Malawi. The country's High Court initially approved the adoption of Chifundo "Mercy" James; however, the application was rejected because Madonna was not a resident of the country. Madonna appealed, and on June 12, 2009, the Supreme Court of Malawi granted Madonna the right to adopt Mercy James. She also released Celebration, her third greatest-hits album and final release with Warner. It contained the new songs "Celebration" and "Revolver" along with 34 hits spanning her career. Celebration reached number one in the UK, tying her with Elvis Presley as the solo act with most number one albums in the British chart history. She appeared at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards on September 13, 2009, to speak in tribute to deceased pop star Michael Jackson.
Ex Output:
| What is the title of the book by Madonna's brother?
| 1 | NIv2 | task074_squad1.1_question_generation | fs_opt | [
0.7161033153533936,
0.45025908946990967,
-0.6675025224685669,
0.17909963428974152,
0.34006401896476746,
-0.4004836082458496,
0.47609850764274597,
0.7603330612182617,
0.10301382839679718,
0.4372269809246063,
-0.4256656765937805,
0.5355914235115051,
-0.3321624994277954,
0.07270380854606628,
... |
instruction:
In this task, you're given context and an answer. Your task is to generate the question for this answer based on the given context with commonsense reasoning about social situations..
question:
Context: Robin fed the newborn baby a bottle of milk.
Answer: watch the baby
answer:
What will Robin want to do next?
question:
Context: After seeing the grief that is caused everyone, Sydney regretted Taylor's decision.
Answer: sad
answer:
How would you describe Sydney?
question:
Context: After spending two hours trying to undo a knot, Kendall finally pulled the strings together.
Answer: able to concentrate on solving complex puzzles
answer:
| How would you describe Kendall?
| 9 | NIv2 | task581_socialiqa_question_generation | fs_opt | [
0.19010622799396515,
0.9313558340072632,
0.6227922439575195,
-0.7656317949295044,
0.11199447512626648,
-0.5129319429397583,
0.05937942862510681,
0.8902793526649475,
0.8680807948112488,
0.09744200110435486,
0.23704078793525696,
0.24669185280799866,
-1.049588680267334,
0.5810350179672241,
... |
A text is given in Oriya. Translate it from the Oriya language to the Tamil language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Ex Input:
இந்தத் தகவல்களை நிதித்துறை இணையமைச்சர் திரு சந்தோஷ்குமார் கங்குவார் இன்று மாநிலங்களவையில் கேள்வி ஒன்றுக்கு எழுத்துமூலம் அளித்த பதிலில் தெரிவித்தார்.
Ex Output:
ନିୟମର ଉଲ୍ଲଙ୍ଘନ କଲେ ବୈଧ ମାପ ଓଜନ ଆଇନ, 2009ର ଧାରା 36 ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ଦଣ୍ଡର ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା କରାଯାଇଛି । ଆଜି ଲୋକସଭାରେ ଏକ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଲିଖିତ ଉତ୍ତର ଦେଇ ଉପଭୋକ୍ତା ବ୍ୟାପାର, ଖାଦ୍ୟ ଏବଂ ସାଧାରଣ ବଂଟନ ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଶ୍ରୀ ସି.
Ex Input:
மக்கள் அரசிடமிருந்து நேர்மை, வளர்ச்சி, முன்னேற்றம், வாய்ப்புக்கள் மற்றும் பாதுகாப்பை கோருவதாகப் பிரதமர் கூறினார்.
Ex Output:
ଆଧାର କାର୍ଡଧାରୀ ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କୁ 18 ବର୍ଷ ପୂରଣ ହେବା ପରେ ନିଜର ଆଧାର ନମ୍ବର ରଦ୍ଦ କରିବାର ବିକଳ୍ପ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା।
Ex Input:
கிராமங்களும் சமூகமும் அனைத்து நவீன வசதிகளையும் பெறுவதற்கான பாதையில் சென்று கொண்டிருக்கிறோம்.
Ex Output:
| ଆଧୁନିକ ସୁବିଧା ସହିତ ଜଡ଼ିତ ଗାଁ ଆଉ ସମାଜ ଦିଗରେ ଆମେ ଦ୍ରୁତ ଗତିରେ ଆଗକୁ ବଢ଼ୁଛୁ ଆଉ ଏଥିପାଇଁ କେତେ ବଡ଼ ସଂଖ୍ୟାରେ ମୋର ଭାଇ ଓ ଭଉଣୀମାନେ, ଆଜି ମୋତେ ସୁଯୋଗ ମିଳିଛି କଥା ହେବା ପାଇଁ.
| 1 | NIv2 | task1074_pib_translation_tamil_oriya | fs_opt | [
-0.7762089967727661,
0.4528800845146179,
-0.4912858307361603,
-0.15127545595169067,
-0.253966748714447,
-1.0773630142211914,
0.6920936107635498,
0.5694885849952698,
-0.3205500543117523,
0.07459704577922821,
-0.12009480595588684,
0.22292891144752502,
-0.7876948118209839,
0.14879398047924042... |
In this task, you are given music product reviews in English language. The goal is to classify the review as "POS" if the overall sentiment of the review is positive or as "NEG" if the overall sentiment of the review is negative.
It sucks . It sucks, she sucks. OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOo big suprise. She might as well just cry, cause that is what every sane person that listens to this crap will d | NEG | 0 | NIv2 | task478_cls_english_music_classification | zs_opt | [
-0.46511614322662354,
0.47346019744873047,
0.21708473563194275,
-0.2653699517250061,
0.8780368566513062,
-0.7599225640296936,
0.4068719148635864,
0.6222377419471741,
0.19092456996440887,
0.7963676452636719,
-0.2343015968799591,
-0.41803696751594543,
0.27659204602241516,
-0.5765107870101929... |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
You are given a science question (easy-level) and four answer options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D"). Your task is to find the correct answer based on scientific facts, knowledge, and reasoning. Do not generate anything else apart from one of the following characters: 'A', 'B, 'C', 'D'. There is only one correct answer for each question.
Which part of a bicycle BEST moves in a circle?
(A) Seat (B) Frame (C) Foot pedal (D) Kickstand
Solution: C
Why? Seat, frame and Kickstand are static parts of the bicycle, even when bicycle moves. Foot pedal moves in a circle as bicycle moves.
New input: Which conclusion can be made about earthworms because they do not have an internal skeleton?
(A) They are invertebrates. (B) They have radial symmetry. (C) They are made of one segment. (D) They have an open circulatory system.
Solution: | A | 0 | NIv2 | task228_arc_answer_generation_easy | fs_opt | [
0.6625526547431946,
0.3637467920780182,
-1.1141605377197266,
0.313890665769577,
-0.2635205388069153,
-0.3525848984718323,
0.6475673913955688,
0.7135432958602905,
-0.2828710079193115,
0.00980636291205883,
-0.22767920792102814,
0.731245219707489,
-0.10253367573022842,
0.18384508788585663,
... |
Provide the parts-of-speech tag of a word present in a sentence specified within curly braces ( '{{ ... }}' ). The parts-of-speech tags are coarse labels that represent a category of words with similar grammatical properties. The list of part-of-speech tags i.e tagset of this corpus is -
'.': Period symbol is used for symbols denoting Punctuations/Separations such as comma, period, backticks etc.,
'ADJ': Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes,
'ADP': Adposition is a cover term for prepositions and postpositions,
'ADV': Adverbs are words that typically modify verbs for such categories as time, place, direction or manner,
'CONJ': A word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause,
'DET': Determiners are words that modify nouns or noun phrases and express the reference of the noun phrase in context,
'NOUN': Nouns are a part of speech typically denoting a person, place, thing, animal or idea,
'NUM': A numeral is a word, functioning most typically as a determiner, adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number and a relation to the number, such as quantity, sequence, frequency or fraction,
'PRT': Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech,
'PRON': Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context,
'PROPN': A proper noun is a noun (or nominal content word) that is the name (or part of the name) of a specific individual, place, or object,
'VERB': A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions, can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and govern the number and types of other constituents which may occur in the clause,
'X': The tag X is used for words that for some reason cannot be assigned a real part-of-speech category.
Q: Sentence: {{ They }} cited Wall Street 's recent volatility and the lack of a clear indication over the market 's short-term direction as factors in the institutional caution .
Word: They
A: | PRON | 4 | NIv2 | task1167_penn_treebank_coarse_pos_tagging | zs_opt | [
0.3573188781738281,
0.03860060125589371,
-0.1871110051870346,
0.09553621709346771,
-0.1918875277042389,
-0.6739174127578735,
0.6623712778091431,
0.6107834577560425,
-0.16444501280784607,
0.008173615671694279,
-0.6949702501296997,
0.07515783607959747,
-0.4929099678993225,
0.1981627196073532... |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
Binignit | mainIngredients | Taro
| Taro is a main ingredient of Binignit. | 5 | NIv2 | task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | zs_opt | [
-0.8978400826454163,
0.6875734925270081,
-0.0925818383693695,
-0.18130964040756226,
-0.3375147581100464,
0.3724728524684906,
1.344687819480896,
-0.4878302216529846,
-0.6807054281234741,
-0.21065309643745422,
-0.7041481733322144,
0.09746523201465607,
-0.44650769233703613,
0.0974663645029068... |
In this task, you will be shown an extract from a movie plot. You need to read the extract and create questions that can be answered from the extract. The questions should be well-formed and grammatically correct. The questions should be completely answerable from the given passage and should not require any external knowledge. Subjective questions are not allowed. Create questions that result in factoid answers. A simple rule of thumb to decide whether a question is factoid or not is to see if two different people with average reading/comprehension skills would come up with the same answer after reading the passage.
One example: Twenty-year-old Will Hunting of South Boston is a self-taught, genius-level intellect, though he works as a janitor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and spends his free time drinking with his friends, Chuckie (Ben Affleck), Billy (Cole Hauser) and Morgan (Casey Affleck). When Professor Gerald Lambeau (Stellan Skarsgård) posts a difficult mathematics problem as a challenge for his graduate students, Will solves the problem anonymously, stunning both the graduate students and Lambeau himself. As a challenge to the unknown genius, Lambeau posts an even more difficult problem. Lambeau chances upon Will solving the problem but Will flees the scene. That night at a bar, Will meets Skylar (Minnie Driver), a British student about to graduate from Harvard, who plans on attending medical school at Stanford and gives Will her phone number before leaving.
Solution is here: How old is Will Hunting in the movie ?
Explanation: This is a good question which has a factoid answer.
Now, solve this: While cleaning one his father's rifles as a birthday surprise, young Ed, Jr. accidentally shoots his mother. Ed never forgives his son for this, and the two become estranged. Years later, while Ed and his friends are trying to think of something to do for their college's fall break, Big Ed calls, and demands Ed come to his beachfront condo, and close it up for the winter. Ed's friends convince him to accept the job, and take them with him, so it will be finished quicker, and they can spend the rest of their break hanging around the condo.Ed's group arrives at the condo, which Big Ed is passed out drunk in the basement of, having dreams about killing his son. After dinner, everyone goes for a walk on the beach, and Mike and Linda go skinny dipping in the pool. Big Ed discovers the two, drowns Linda, and uses a trail of her and Mike's discarded clothes to lure Mike back to the condo, where he disembowels him with an outboard motor. A police officer stationed on the beach then stops by the condo, and is killed when Big Ed decapitates him with an axe.The others return to the condo, and as his friends get ready for bed, Ralph searches for Mike and Linda, and is killed when Big Ed impales him through the throat with a pitchfork. When Ralph does not return, Sue goes looking for him, and is caught by Big Ed, who stabs her in the crotch with a fishing gaff, and chops her head off. Ed and Pam find Sue's mutilated remains, and the bodies of the other victims, in the basement, and are attacked by Big Ed. The two incapacitate Big Ed and try to drive away, but Big Ed jumps onto the car, and tries attacking them through the roof. Pam puts the car into reverse, and backs into a wall, crushing Big Ed into it, and cutting him in half at the waist. When a police car arrives, one of the deputies goes to inspect Big Ed's body, and has his legs sliced off when Big Ed springs to life. As Ed and Pam look on in horror, Big Ed dies laughing maniacally.
Solution: | Who goes skinny dipping in the pool? | 6 | NIv2 | task193_duorc_question_generation | fs_opt | [
0.5359658002853394,
0.06736323237419128,
-0.3914410173892975,
-0.627537727355957,
0.11400370299816132,
-0.22785213589668274,
0.8923854827880859,
0.5628107786178589,
-0.03726910054683685,
0.3148822784423828,
-0.030665423721075058,
-0.13100257515907288,
-0.7387747764587402,
0.366739451885223... |
Detailed Instructions: Two analogies on manipulating items in a kitchen is given in the form "A : B. C : ?". The phrase "A : B" relates item A to its appropriate manipulation B. Your task is to replace the question mark (?) with the appropriate manipulation of item C, following the "A : B" relation. Your answer should be a verb which shows a way to manipulate the given object.
Problem:bottle : squeeze. walnut : ?
Solution: | shell | 8 | NIv2 | task1158_bard_analogical_reasoning_manipulating_items | zs_opt | [
0.24003612995147705,
1.3565882444381714,
-0.6939281821250916,
0.18549056351184845,
0.026540253311395645,
-0.4731273651123047,
0.8973202705383301,
0.5263432264328003,
0.2115030586719513,
0.04658983647823334,
0.06274566799402237,
-0.10746277868747711,
0.08846991509199142,
0.11005640029907227... |
You are given a password and you need to generate the number of steps required to convert the given password to a strong password. A password is considered strong if (a) it has at least 6 characters and at most 20 characters; (b) it contains at least one lowercase letter and one uppercase letter, and at least one digit; (c) it does not contain three repeating characters in a row. In one step you can: (1) Insert one character to password, (2) delete one character from password, or (3) replace one character of password with another character.
--------
Question: password = 92!3VTjoc4y
Answer: 0
Question: password = JDhgkEGKgd9uCxge9PW
Answer: 0
Question: password = OHDv
Answer: | 2
| 7 | NIv2 | task956_leetcode_420_strong_password_check | fs_opt | [
0.6490609645843506,
1.1270790100097656,
-0.12255237251520157,
-0.8222842812538147,
0.1580512523651123,
-0.12827038764953613,
1.4503822326660156,
-0.418509304523468,
0.22248749434947968,
-0.8942265510559082,
-0.06128418818116188,
-0.35516130924224854,
-0.855400562286377,
-0.2491455972194671... |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given an article, a question which often contains a blank and four options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D"). Your task is to find the correct answer (from the given options) for the question from the given article and return one of the options from "A", "B", "C", and "D". Do not generate anything else apart from one of the following characters: "A", "B", "C", "D". There is only one correct answer for each question.
Problem:Article: Shanghai Air & Hotel with Transfers/One Day Hangzhou City Tour(PK0482737SHA06) Package Inclusive *Return Air Tickets *2 Nights Accommodation *Return Airport Transfers *One Day Hangzhou City Tour Booking Period:29 Jan 2015 to 31 Dec 2015 Travel Period:29 Jan 2015 to 31 Dec 2015 ONE DAY HANGZHOU CITY TOUR It is a city rich with history and culture,spanning back over 2000 years.With its inviting views and outstanding scenery,the area soon became popular with artists,poets and painters seeking inspiration in this little bit of paradise. Our first stop is Six Harmonies Pagoda.You will get to visit the charming museum and snap some photos in front of this architectural marvel that was built in the Song Dynasty. Next stop will be a visit to Meijiawu Tea Village,for a traditional tea ceremony and its significance to Chinese culture. After lunch,the beautiful view of West Lake is going to greet us.We will have a cruise across West Lake to experience peace and serenity like no place else in the Shanghai area.The unforgettable scenery includes Three Pools Mirroring the Moon,Bai and Su Causeways,Solitary Hill,and Leifeng Pagoda,etc.The boat ride ends at Viewing Fish at Flower Harbor.We will have the chance to walk along on Su Causeway,and feed the fish in the Red Fish Pond to pray for the good luck. Pickup Time:Between 7:30 a.m.--8:30 a.m. Duration:10 hrs 2--WAY SHANGHAI PUDONG INTERNATIONAL AIRPEIRT TRANSFERS Transfer between Shanghai Pudong International Airport(PVG) to your hotel is provided by mini bus.On arrival,you will be met by our driver after custom clearance. Should you require further assistance,please contact our hotline:+86 21 6322 3855
Question: What service will you get from One Day Hangzhou City Package Tour?
Options: (A) Round-trip air tickets. (B) One day accommodation. (C) Free food service. (D) Force-shopping.
Solution: | A | 8 | NIv2 | task309_race_answer_generation | zs_opt | [
-0.2683691382408142,
0.5145648717880249,
-0.2955631613731384,
0.023606417700648308,
0.5563689470291138,
-0.475991427898407,
0.8555537462234497,
0.7246893644332886,
-0.533760666847229,
0.557534396648407,
0.2623438835144043,
-0.010723445564508438,
-0.46312078833580017,
-0.023085393011569977,... |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you're given a sentence and your task is to generate a simplified sentence that focuses on lexical paraphrasing from the original sentence given in the input.
the administrators of the northern territory and norfolk island are , by contrast , appointed by the governor-general.
| the giverner-general appoints the adminstartors of the northern territory and norfolk island. | 5 | NIv2 | task934_turk_simplification | zs_opt | [
-0.34910786151885986,
0.8162271976470947,
0.28434064984321594,
-0.9378188252449036,
-0.16782167553901672,
-0.6803513765335083,
0.678655743598938,
-0.6616944670677185,
0.2551032304763794,
-0.6170099377632141,
0.09055843949317932,
-0.05995937064290047,
-0.8161765336990356,
0.3960219323635101... |
Given a document, generate a short title of the document. The title should convey the main idea/event/topic about which the document is being written. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
A third opportunity to flag shooter Devin Kelley was lost two years later by a twist of bad luck when a Pentagon inspection of cases narrowly missed the former airman.
The Air Force said on Monday it had failed to provide information as required about Kelley âs criminal history to the Federal Bureau of Investigationâs criminal databases. It gave few other details about the omission.
A review of Department of Defense procedures by Reuters shows that the military twice should have flagged Kelley then serving at a New Mexico base after he was accused of repeatedly beating his wife and stepson.
If Pentagon rules had been followed the Air Force should have put Kelley into national criminal databases used for background checks soon after he was charged.
The Air Force should then have flagged Kelley 26 again later that year after his court-martial conviction for assault which permanently disqualified him from legally getting a gun.
When presented with this account of how the FBI was not alerted about Kelley Air Force officials confirmed the procedures that should have happened.
âThat is what the investigation is looking at now â Brooke Brzozowske an Air Force spokeswoman said. The FBI confirmed it never received Kelley âs records.
Kelley bought guns from a store in Texas in 2016 and 2017 although it is not clear whether these were the weapons he used last Sunday to attack churchgoers in Sutherland Springs before killing himself . Authorities said he killed 26 people including a pregnant womanâs unborn child.
If the Air Force had flagged Kelley to the FBI either when he was charged and convicted he would have been unable to get a gun legally.
Reuters has been unable to determine exactly how or why Kelley âs records were not shared.
Kelley also narrowly slipped through the system in 2014 when the Pentagonâs inspector general told the Air Force it was routinely failing to send criminal records to the FBI and urged them to correct this in some old cases like Kelleyâs
Rymer recommended that the Air Force send what missing fingerprints and records it could from his sample period to the FBI and the Air Force agreed. But Kelley was convicted in November 2012 a week after the sample period ended and it appears that his case was never looked at again.
Entering his fingerprints and other information in the FBIâs so-called Interstate Identification Index (III) would have been enough to flag Kelley as needing further investigation in 2016 when he tried to buy a gun at a San Antonio store.
The FBI would then have asked the Air Force the outcome of Kelley âs case. The airman was convicted of a crime involving domestic violence that carries a maximum penalty of more than one year in prison both of which disqualify a person from buying guns and ammunition under federal law.
Instead Kelley cleared the background check and walked out of the store with a gun and returned the following year passed another background check and bought a second one the store said.
According to Defense Department rules the Air Force should have caught its error after Kelleyâs court-martial ended when it was obliged to notify the FBI that Kelley had been convicted and that his crime involved domestic violence
Air Force missed at least two chances to stop Texas shooter buying guns
Billy Bush is opened up about Matt Lauer's firing and rebuilding his life after the fiasco that led to his own ouster from the "Today" show in 2016.
Bush said he 's been in touch with his former "Today" colleguage Lauer who was fired by the show after numerous allegations of sexual misconduct in November 2017.
â He texted me and asked about some of the self-help books Iâve been reading â Bush told People magazine. âI told him âStart here.â â
He said though he had a tumultuous relationship with Lauer he wasn't happy to see the anchor's scandal unfold.
âMaybe at one point there was part of me that [felt like] if someone else got [in trouble] I would be like âNow whoâs the bad guy?â â Bush said. âBut I took zero pleasure in it. And Iâm grateful for that. Let those who transgressed be held accountable. I felt for the women involved and for his wife.â
The TV personality told People magazine he was displeased with Lauer back in 2016 when "Today" fired Bush .
On Oct. 7 2016 Bush was heard on a years-old "Access Hollywood" recording with Trump discussing women in a lewd manner.
"In one of my resolute moments I said if I ever speak to [Lauer] Iâm going to tell him that I was let down. Many months later he called me and I addressed it. He assured me that he [fought for me] in private. I accepted it.â
"I have done so much self-help work. There is a term for what I did. Itâs called bystander abuse. It says by not doing anything you are endorsing the moment. I have to live with that " said Bush .
Additionally the former broadcaster says he would never want his daughters treated in a degrading manner.
"I have three daughters. They are going to be in the workplace one day. I want them to be paid equally I want them to be treated well and when they walk out of a room I donât want to ever hear anyone talking behind their back in a degrading way " explained Bush .
Although he has gone through a difficult 15 months Bush claims he has learned a great deal.
"I had some growing up to do anyway in life " said Bush . "I did so much exploring and figuring out. Iâm a deeper person. And Iâm happy about using my knowledge for a good purpose.â
Billy Bush talks Trump tape scandal Matt Lauer firing: He asked me for self
BUFFALO N.Y. (AP) â A longtime local television news anchor in Buffalo New York known for his "rapid-fire delivery and famous alliteration" has died. Irv Weinstein was 87.
WKBW-TV where Weinstein had worked for 34 years says he died Tuesday in Costa Mesa California after a long battle with Lou Gehrig's disease also called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS.
The television station says Weinstein was hired by WKBW-Radio as a newscaster and news director in 1958. Six years later he became an anchor and news director at WKBW-TV. He retired on Dec. 31 1998 a day that was proclaimed "Irv Weinstein Day" in Erie County.
Weinstein was inducted into the Buffalo Broadcasters Hall of Fame in 1998 and the New York State Broadcasters Association in 2006.
He moved to California after his retirement.
| Longtime local television news anchor in Buffalo dies at 87
| 0 | NIv2 | task418_persent_title_generation | fs_opt | [
0.10330190509557724,
0.576382040977478,
-0.9956867098808289,
-0.10573640465736389,
0.9460081458091736,
0.010428443551063538,
0.8442903161048889,
1.055255651473999,
-0.7234575748443604,
0.3519807457923889,
-0.4155550003051758,
1.0373122692108154,
-0.4959251880645752,
0.5541355609893799,
-... |
Q: In this task, you are given a sentence in the English language and your task is to convert English sentence into the Gujarati language.
a motorcycle and a three wheeler both coming same direction on both sides of street
A: | એક મોટરસાઇકલ અને ત્રણ વ્હીલર બન્ને શેરીના બંને બાજુઓ પર સમાન દિશામાં આવે છે | 7 | NIv2 | task438_eng_guj_parallel_corpus_en_gu_translation | zs_opt | [
-0.5154246091842651,
0.5291279554367065,
-0.12143707275390625,
-0.7823547124862671,
0.34948843717575073,
-0.22593137621879578,
-0.07041607052087784,
0.17272573709487915,
0.008761230856180191,
-0.4495515823364258,
-0.7896482348442078,
0.38639333844184875,
-0.13884615898132324,
-0.5557221770... |
In this task, you are given a sentence from the Bible in English, and your task is to translate it into Persian.
Input: Consider Input: Thou shalt sanctify him therefore; for he offereth the bread of thy God: he shall be holy unto thee: for I the LORD, which sanctify you, am holy.
Output: و ازمکان مقدس بیرون نرود، و مکان مقدس خدای خود را بیعصمت نسازد، زیرا که تاج روغن مسح خدای او بر وی میباشد. من یهوه هستم.
Input: Consider Input: And Sarai Abram's wife took Hagar her maid the Egyptian, after Abram had dwelt ten years in the land of Canaan, and gave her to her husband Abram to be his wife.
Output: پس به هاجر درآمد و اوحامله شد. و چون دید که حامله است، خاتونش بنظر وی حقیر شد.
Input: Consider Input: Behold, these caused the children of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, to commit trespass against the LORD in the matter of Peor, and there was a plague among the congregation of the LORD.
| Output: و العازار کاهن به مردان جنگی که به مقاتله رفته بودند، گفت: «این است قانون شریعتی که خداوند به موسیامر فرموده است:
| 2 | NIv2 | task655_bible_en_fa_translation | fs_opt | [
-0.1127479076385498,
0.3965093493461609,
-0.5555816292762756,
-0.17665942013263702,
-0.6836627721786499,
-0.24678471684455872,
0.3529148995876312,
0.1905006617307663,
0.4944290518760681,
0.0028409031219780445,
-0.6335862874984741,
1.2286285161972046,
-0.6678467988967896,
-0.591521620750427... |
Teacher: In each example you will read a short sentence (or two). Then, a pronoun in the text is mentioned. Your task is to choose a referent which the mentioned pronoun refers to. You will be given two options in each case and one choice should seem much more likely to you than the other.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
sentence: i couldn't put the saucepan on the rack because it was too tall .pronoun: it. A) the saucepan B) the rack
Solution: the saucepan
Reason: If the saucepan couldn't be put on the rack, it was probably bigger in size than the rack, so the pronoun "tall" refers to the saucepan.
Now, solve this instance: sentence: Jane and Lucy gave Joan and Anne candy because they were hungry .pronoun: they. A) jane and lucy B) joan and anne
Student: | joan and anne | 2 | NIv2 | task249_enhanced_wsc_pronoun_disambiguation | fs_opt | [
-0.6288033723831177,
0.529857873916626,
0.31771838665008545,
-0.4536091387271881,
-0.08298466354608536,
-0.48017117381095886,
0.7206143140792847,
0.688758134841919,
-0.6523585319519043,
-0.22916309535503387,
0.1696528196334839,
0.18889158964157104,
-0.8395044803619385,
0.07713098078966141,... |
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