INSTRUCTION stringlengths 3 1.15k | RESPONSE stringlengths 1.65k 17.1k |
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The French landed south of Savannah in mid September 1779, and Lincoln showed up shortly thereafter. | <0>1007<0>1472<0>4009<0>2323<0>3061<0>3999<0>368<0>3850<0>3045<0>1902<0>492<0>3927<0>1007<0>2716<0>1525<0>3447<0>459<0>1238<0>1238<0>623<0>729<0>3045<0>2363<0>2304<0>2716<0>1862<0>3927<0>1594<0>1214<0>237<0>3968<0>1200<0>3045<0>3877<0>361<0>3509<0>2748<0>43<0>2641<0>1172<0>3018<0>4095<0>745<0>2716<0>2324<0>3185<0>151<0... |
Initially, Destain, who personally led the French ground forces, refused to directly attack the city. | <0>2641<0>2703<0>727<0>616<0>3150<0>623<0>3389<0>1185<0>403<0>1007<0>2525<0>1444<0>2741<0>2935<0>1401<0>623<0>3447<0>1858<0>1238<0>1329<0>1569<0>433<0>3447<0>2070<0>623<0>3135<0>4009<0>3642<0>2594<0>1230<0>2748<0>3402<0>2221<0>2748<0>43<0>2199<0>2123<0>1883<0>1205<0>1858<0>2972<0>1219<0>2178<0>1219<0>3168<0>492<0>1850<... |
Instead, he set up artillery to bomb the British into submission. | <0>114<0>361<0>3927<0>3131<0>1525<0>3447<0>3275<0>2104<0>2868<0>2278<0>2708<0>3045<0>3987<0>2210<0>2510<0>898<0>2222<0>2799<0>2221<0>3509<0>3439<0>3143<0>361<0>1329<0>2872<0>3783<0>3972<0>361<0>954<0>3404<0>3359<0>3055<0>553<0>237<0>1603<0>2762<0>3264<0>2044<0>3541<0>2703<0>1449<0>1449<0>4020<0>196<0>3263<0>2068<0>2068... |
The Americans and French wound up shelling the city for almost a week straight before disdain decided that this wasn't going fast enough and finally agreed to a frontal assault. | <0>3681<0>1171<0>512<0>3445<0>2163<0>1059<0>1196<0>3661<0>3195<0>3927<0>2748<0>2536<0>2958<0>2053<0>3067<0>3348<0>3373<0>3857<0>35<0>2064<0>3539<0>1518<0>527<0>3176<0>3219<0>3821<0>2161<0>3187<0>484<0>2548<0>1484<0>3435<0>1518<0>1978<0>3642<0>1238<0>614<0>690<0>2161<0>3686<0>607<0>388<0>3570<0>492<0>2716<0>1580<0>3388<... |
Georgia was not treating his men well, and he frankly wanted to get the hell out of there as soon as possible. | <0>2589<0>4009<0>2510<0>3980<0>1617<0>2615<0>679<0>2864<0>237<0>3899<0>1902<0>978<0>3443<0>2716<0>2161<0>2253<0>1261<0>679<0>819<0>1525<0>3255<0>2989<0>3877<0>1518<0>3246<0>1272<0>1008<0>931<0>3968<0>1941<0>2199<0>1472<0>1525<0>1902<0>1306<0>3067<0>2471<0>807<0>1941<0>3118<0>2146<0>494<0>3377<0>1981<0>2221<0>691<0>2748... |
So on October 9th, 1779, the French and Americans attacked, and it quickly turned into a bloody fiasco. | <0>3534<0>4009<0>279<0>1902<0>291<0>3536<0>506<0>1171<0>2716<0>2641<0>4030<0>2170<0>454<0>219<0>3541<0>1123<0>2161<0>2146<0>2163<0>361<0>3452<0>1617<0>2641<0>611<0>2199<0>2748<0>2703<0>2323<0>3447<0>3541<0>2716<0>3377<0>3968<0>1307<0>1981<0>1609<0>3990<0>2641<0>2396<0>2278<0>2239<0>1108<0>3726<0>1748<0>1329<0>2940<0>37... |
The main attack was supposed to be surprise, launched in darkness and covered by diversionary attacks to confuse the British garrison. | <0>1117<0>151<0>3999<0>151<0>729<0>2716<0>2716<0>2989<0>1007<0>3594<0>3404<0>1007<0>3927<0>2199<0>3868<0>1703<0>2972<0>1902<0>3972<0>43<0>4079<0>1578<0>2987<0>3973<0>3237<0>4095<0>1329<0>324<0>304<0>3972<0>1190<0>671<0>553<0>512<0>807<0>3341<0>2697<0>3509<0>3592<0>3143<0>361<0>1026<0>3782<0>3972<0>492<0>1117<0>3877<0>3... |
But the main allied column got lost in some heavy fog as they picked their way through a swamp, so the attack didn't start until after sunup, so see you later, element of surprise. | <0>1329<0>3067<0>2142<0>1218<0>1974<0>3511<0>3330<0>2104<0>2343<0>2185<0>3894<0>2935<0>3096<0>2703<0>2056<0>644<0>3980<0>2619<0>4009<0>3509<0>3314<0>2619<0>545<0>3067<0>3509<0>3980<0>1214<0>3184<0>545<0>3972<0>3972<0>1594<0>1579<0>1200<0>2221<0>1349<0>1609<0>3437<0>919<0>1941<0>1310<0>1007<0>521<0>3877<0>3081<0>3404<0>... |
Then it turned out that the spot that Destain had selected to hit, because it was the weakest part of the defenses, turned out to be one of the strongest parts of the defenses. | <0>3409<0>1525<0>1081<0>623<0>1751<0>3515<0>512<0>3439<0>3877<0>3972<0>3180<0>978<0>454<0>2102<0>2619<0>2748<0>3972<0>3695<0>3695<0>3045<0>729<0>553<0>3968<0>2716<0>1205<0>1978<0>1981<0>3402<0>237<0>3439<0>17<0>1525<0>3821<0>1829<0>2278<0>365<0>3515<0>3840<0>1238<0>3592<0>2921<0>1238<0>361<0>2838<0>3187<0>1196<0>2221<0... |
So the assault was quickly stopped dead in its tracks, and then turned into a bloodbath. | <0>3239<0>1355<0>3809<0>3810<0>3447<0>3927<0>3782<0>1484<0>666<0>3373<0>2530<0>1883<0>1484<0>3898<0>3305<0>1794<0>3671<0>2070<0>729<0>1880<0>3877<0>3877<0>360<0>3090<0>807<0>1862<0>1938<0>3390<0>1569<0>3980<0>2536<0>4001<0>920<0>3148<0>3511<0>2418<0>1542<0>2187<0>3976<0>1525<0>304<0>895<0>287<0>1108<0>424<0>3440<0>2799... |
Totally whipped. Lincoln and disdain officially agreed to call the siege just over a week later. | <0>2607<0>1007<0>506<0>1981<0>3642<0>954<0>2365<0>745<0>2221<0>1974<0>3330<0>3432<0>2104<0>2548<0>2070<0>561<0>623<0>2060<0>1275<0>2875<0>3552<0>1217<0>1703<0>553<0>3585<0>2555<0>165<0>2199<0>2935<0>616<0>3135<0>3020<0>3439<0>3404<0>623<0>3968<0>1261<0>787<0>3255<0>1518<0>1518<0>4001<0>1205<0>2353<0>361<0>1871<0>2025<0... |
Savannah would remain in British hands until the end of the war. | <0>995<0>1026<0>2748<0>1525<0>3899<0>2799<0>1974<0>2300<0>1974<0>1974<0>2293<0>1329<0>2365<0>1981<0>3509<0>553<0>368<0>1579<0>492<0>3067<0>379<0>2890<0>2641<0>1597<0>3509<0>2221<0>424<0>1649<0>648<0>2613<0>3783<0>2152<0>3777<0>1798<0>911<0>2324<0>196<0>1238<0>2185<0>666<0>545<0>3434<0>602<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>... |
There is one last little interesting note about the Siege of Savannah I want to mention, because it will be of interest to us not in our next revolution, the French Revolution, but in the one after that, the Haitian Revolution. | <0>1526<0>313<0>1773<0>492<0>1484<0>3031<0>3999<0>3447<0>4009<0>1842<0>627<0>3809<0>1484<0>651<0>553<0>2703<0>1469<0>3927<0>3118<0>3067<0>1238<0>3439<0>1981<0>3972<0>3509<0>3980<0>2799<0>1710<0>3850<0>3850<0>386<0>3158<0>2070<0>454<0>1594<0>561<0>553<0>2748<0>2221<0>3972<0>3255<0>43<0>3299<0>819<0>2716<0>1561<0>3698<0>... |
Because when disdain came north, he brought with him about 500 Haitian fighters, many of whom would help form the officer corps of the revolutionary armies who will battle it out after the slave revolt of 1791. So, let's watch out for those guys. | <0>3222<0>2838<0>1452<0>2185<0>3067<0>3999<0>3810<0>1355<0>1251<0>4001<0>553<0>2769<0>151<0>3187<0>919<0>361<0>361<0>361<0>1191<0>3972<0>2199<0>1875<0>3511<0>2104<0>530<0>289<0>361<0>3972<0>4009<0>1580<0>1238<0>3067<0>3089<0>512<0>1117<0>490<0>2049<0>1991<0>2221<0>1500<0>1472<0>623<0>3151<0>3972<0>3509<0>690<0>1597<0>2... |
And heck, before we move on, I may as well mention that disdain will meet its end in our next revolution, the French Revolution. | <0>2345<0>379<0>379<0>1773<0>1944<0>2716<0>1866<0>1007<0>2872<0>2510<0>1981<0>3509<0>2799<0>1007<0>286<0>3972<0>2748<0>1008<0>1008<0>1873<0>2170<0>2324<0>3509<0>1525<0>2734<0>3791<0>1518<0>3972<0>1265<0>2716<0>729<0>3968<0>2594<0>1441<0>1261<0>3045<0>1703<0>1547<0>3447<0>1238<0>1858<0>1780<0>3067<0>3894<0>2161<0>1597<0... |
Because he was closely connected to the royal family, and standing by Marie Antoinette right to the bitter end. | <0>3949<0>3842<0>3935<0>3439<0>2324<0>2436<0>2898<0>2510<0>3987<0>1157<0>3840<0>368<0>679<0>2716<0>3081<0>3822<0>2221<0>3783<0>3972<0>2221<0>4074<0>3927<0>1525<0>3373<0>3067<0>553<0>2104<0>2104<0>3148<0>3511<0>3275<0>2594<0>1880<0>553<0>1525<0>3585<0>1526<0>1518<0>521<0>219<0>1981<0>1981<0>623<0>698<0>1597<0>2716<0>274... |
And it brings us finally, after all the talk, to Henry Clinton's invasion of South Carolina. | <0>3063<0>3447<0>238<0>3404<0>3445<0>3373<0>2543<0>3927<0>2315<0>2221<0>3877<0>2716<0>3972<0>1800<0>3081<0>705<0>1008<0>3225<0>1218<0>3143<0>545<0>94<0>1484<0>3135<0>3840<0>3515<0>2365<0>490<0>2868<0>384<0>2293<0>2293<0>2293<0>2589<0>3143<0>2497<0>1525<0>3373<0>3373<0>3509<0>1902<0>304<0>1200<0>3585<0>1710<0>2875<0>361... |
Leaving behind an adequate garrison in New York City under the command of a Hessian general, Clinton would wind up leading about 10,000 men south, where they would link up with loyalist militias and already on-the-scene regulars, and form an army of about 14,000 men to go take Charleston. | <0>492<0>2935<0>1354<0>826<0>1944<0>4009<0>623<0>368<0>237<0>3402<0>1850<0>1401<0>1981<0>218<0>289<0>219<0>219<0>1880<0>191<0>361<0>1238<0>361<0>1981<0>2868<0>4001<0>4001<0>553<0>3842<0>3842<0>3509<0>3509<0>2335<0>43<0>2766<0>2703<0>3509<0>1240<0>3227<0>161<0>3707<0>361<0>45<0>1472<0>2864<0>678<0>2548<0>1108<0>1108<0>3... |
Once that was done, reasserting British control of the Carolinas would be an easy warm-up for the tougher challenges that would face them ahead in Virginia. | <0>3783<0>4009<0>729<0>1010<0>3341<0>1007<0>3150<0>595<0>2860<0>1384<0>3742<0>1054<0>1008<0>1740<0>2987<0>3348<0>2698<0>3927<0>1157<0>690<0>1238<0>3067<0>1401<0>3055<0>2716<0>2715<0>2510<0>2541<0>3783<0>3968<0>1275<0>3377<0>521<0>545<0>1569<0>304<0>1710<0>3277<0>3894<0>361<0>368<0>1035<0>1171<0>2978<0>368<0>1022<0>895<... |
Clinton's army spent a rotten four weeks at sea, being battered by storms, before they finally put in near the mouth of the Savannah River, where they picked up some additional forces. | <0>1902<0>2750<0>3096<0>192<0>2525<0>1157<0>3972<0>512<0>3850<0>1703<0>2703<0>3046<0>386<0>954<0>3783<0>3972<0>2748<0>348<0>3373<0>1472<0>1007<0>304<0>2510<0>1981<0>690<0>1798<0>3850<0>3410<0>446<0>491<0>553<0>1501<0>797<0>4095<0>4095<0>4095<0>872<0>2161<0>1579<0>1117<0>644<0>644<0>3348<0>2044<0>3972<0>219<0>3045<0>366... |
After resting for a bit, the British put back out to sea, finally arriving just south of Charleston in February 1780. | <0>2868<0>492<0>4009<0>4074<0>1218<0>3968<0>2221<0>3809<0>3434<0>2070<0>132<0>1442<0>2898<0>1007<0>746<0>3748<0>2748<0>3882<0>2221<0>644<0>3402<0>2716<0>490<0>2762<0>3825<0>3340<0>2161<0>2278<0>1632<0>1219<0>3386<0>611<0>3972<0>3899<0>231<0>696<0>3348<0>2619<0>3980<0>3184<0>361<0>1525<0>607<0>1472<0>1569<0>1218<0>1219<... |
Now though the coming siege of Charleston turned out to be a nice win for Clinton, getting there was not in fact half the fun. | <0>3968<0>1500<0>1442<0>1157<0>3618<0>277<0>3545<0>691<0>83<0>3585<0>746<0>239<0>919<0>919<0>294<0>2641<0>2839<0>3951<0>2865<0>2865<0>1594<0>2921<0>3299<0>3143<0>2053<0>3348<0>3894<0>3782<0>3972<0>3968<0>2830<0>3968<0>1862<0>2716<0>1449<0>1978<0>1238<0>690<0>1862<0>1230<0>1675<0>3404<0>2898<0>1882<0>2146<0>2578<0>611<0... |
His first headache came in the form of an 86 year old Admiral named Marriott Arbuthnot. Think I'm getting that name right. | <0>1037<0>1773<0>3748<0>3061<0>4009<0>549<0>1609<0>219<0>553<0>3439<0>2590<0>1008<0>1054<0>1588<0>631<0>368<0>3999<0>231<0>1007<0>1007<0>1518<0>3972<0>954<0>3509<0>3296<0>369<0>2506<0>3457<0>491<0>22<0>3968<0>36<0>1007<0>2541<0>3783<0>2987<0>1959<0>3402<0>3877<0>2221<0>2865<0>1007<0>3968<0>3299<0>3307<0>3990<0>3447<0>2... |
Because as it turns out, Clinton and Arbuthnot were actually equal in rank. British incoherence once again rearing its ugly head. So when they started disagreeing over strategy and tactics, or let's say something as simple as where to land the army, there wasn't a final decision maker to say we're going to land here. | <0>745<0>553<0>1157<0>3235<0>1026<0>2304<0>279<0>1444<0>1525<0>3515<0>3523<0>2898<0>1219<0>3614<0>3782<0>231<0>729<0>3295<0>110<0>729<0>2345<0>2621<0>279<0>1819<0>1862<0>1596<0>3972<0>43<0>3748<0>2987<0>2548<0>1518<0>1533<0>1190<0>1850<0>1798<0>1577<0>919<0>1329<0>77<0>2769<0>3168<0>1484<0>1780<0>2830<0>553<0>3972<0>28... |
Then, during the siege itself, Arbuthnot tended to alternate between the extremes of lethargy and recklessness, with the flips seemingly designed to frustrate Clinton as much as possible. | <0>623<0>1525<0>1730<0>3176<0>1007<0>3972<0>3642<0>3905<0>1703<0>386<0>2563<0>2985<0>3927<0>1157<0>2541<0>1218<0>3246<0>2987<0>543<0>2004<0>3686<0>94<0>2302<0>3348<0>3972<0>679<0>43<0>3972<0>2987<0>967<0>151<0>3999<0>3118<0>690<0>88<0>1484<0>231<0>3515<0>2641<0>1597<0>2244<0>1596<0>1230<0>361<0>587<0>3842<0>2440<0>2762... |
Clinton's second headache came in the form of his old comrade and now second in command Lord Cornwallis, who was now officially sick of being anyone's second in command. | <0>2221<0>4009<0>967<0>1463<0>3045<0>1355<0>1190<0>553<0>553<0>3089<0>2716<0>553<0>373<0>2199<0>553<0>3020<0>3943<0>3943<0>2221<0>1484<0>1484<0>3972<0>2799<0>2769<0>2146<0>3493<0>998<0>2648<0>2619<0>3972<0>2864<0>43<0>3402<0>3695<0>1730<0>1730<0>3509<0>2221<0>1880<0>2716<0>900<0>1318<0>361<0>360<0>819<0>3439<0>3359<0>6... |
He thought he had done enough to merit an independent army, and wasn't happy about being stuck under Clinton. | <0>114<0>368<0>368<0>729<0>3877<0>2163<0>2199<0>2161<0>361<0>595<0>1007<0>746<0>2748<0>2102<0>2324<0>566<0>2163<0>2163<0>361<0>701<0>151<0>151<0>361<0>3789<0>361<0>361<0>1834<0>3972<0>1500<0>3020<0>3144<0>2104<0>2683<0>3566<0>2104<0>1875<0>361<0>1238<0>2510<0>1157<0>83<0>1794<0>2715<0>2748<0>3968<0>3642<0>2748<0>521<0>... |
The two would begin feuding almost at once, and pretty soon would be talking only through letters in vague passive-aggressive tones that served the British war effort not even a little bit. | <0>2324<0>3832<0>850<0>690<0>3305<0>3894<0>919<0>1123<0>3509<0>3143<0>3296<0>1261<0>3452<0>611<0>2004<0>666<0>895<0>1518<0>1594<0>2120<0>2697<0>2989<0>2471<0>3235<0>165<0>2104<0>2104<0>2104<0>2104<0>1974<0>2104<0>745<0>1862<0>2748<0>2894<0>3045<0>3118<0>492<0>1238<0>679<0>690<0>289<0>3782<0>2619<0>1472<0>2152<0>3168<0>... |
After finally landing his forces where he wanted to land them, Clinton set out through the South Carolina swamp to try to get around behind Charleston. And if slogging through the South Carolina swamp doesn't count as a third major headache, I don't know what does. | <0>2578<0>2748<0>1401<0>3899<0>2221<0>1500<0>110<0>3634<0>2978<0>1007<0>304<0>1525<0>3585<0>1526<0>553<0>838<0>2199<0>3783<0>3404<0>3187<0>3592<0>1117<0>2748<0>2199<0>2199<0>919<0>3158<0>2185<0>3067<0>2748<0>807<0>1200<0>1981<0>819<0>3447<0>2716<0>819<0>1617<0>679<0>789<0>3018<0>1108<0>405<0>1172<0>1552<0>1157<0>1500<0... |
Now all of these headaches were somewhat relieved by the fact that the American fortifications at Charleston were not in fact going to prove particularly formidable. | <0>746<0>3701<0>2174<0>3701<0>279<0>3020<0>3096<0>2658<0>1010<0>1959<0>2440<0>3901<0>3973<0>304<0>1007<0>1880<0>3031<0>3701<0>2054<0>492<0>690<0>623<0>2769<0>289<0>2199<0>2365<0>1214<0>2748<0>2335<0>2748<0>2716<0>1580<0>3180<0>1441<0>553<0>3541<0>4009<0>1850<0>2838<0>348<0>2838<0>3067<0>3404<0>3968<0>2335<0>553<0>3055<... |
Benjamin Lincoln, long since returned from Savannah, just assumed outright that any attack was going to come from the sea. So the land-facing fortifications were utterly neglected, consisting of a few redoubts that were not even connected to each other. | <0>1108<0>2748<0>3585<0>3143<0>3299<0>895<0>2070<0>3894<0>900<0>1480<0>3809<0>1518<0>1518<0>3894<0>1594<0>3509<0>3187<0>3404<0>3515<0>3541<0>1617<0>611<0>3695<0>3277<0>2716<0>967<0>3447<0>559<0>705<0>1272<0>1272<0>1008<0>2104<0>1773<0>3594<0>1715<0>3927<0>368<0>1858<0>2536<0>2056<0>1500<0>3067<0>771<0>2748<0>2716<0>268... |
On the seaside, where Lincoln expected the attack, he had two forts that were just now being worked back into shape. | <0>3783<0>3894<0>3592<0>22<0>368<0>3405<0>4001<0>3443<0>2221<0>1944<0>3081<0>3067<0>2748<0>1007<0>1500<0>561<0>1597<0>1798<0>1880<0>2735<0>64<0>2070<0>3968<0>1501<0>1991<0>4079<0>2641<0>2578<0>2022<0>1739<0>3511<0>530<0>77<0>919<0>1190<0>219<0>2035<0>2440<0>1022<0>840<0>1230<0>1441<0>1518<0>3695<0>3927<0>88<0>1442<0>78... |
All Lincoln, his roughly 3,000 men, and the citizens of Charleston really had going for them, was the fact that a sandbar that ran just under the surface of the water would make it really hard for Arbuthnot to bring his heavy ships into the harbor. | <0>1218<0>1484<0>666<0>3435<0>1422<0>623<0>3067<0>3439<0>221<0>1022<0>1596<0>2161<0>1710<0>1715<0>2510<0>644<0>1218<0>368<0>729<0>1190<0>386<0>3966<0>3782<0>1007<0>3150<0>3299<0>1010<0>3509<0>3888<0>1525<0>221<0>1959<0>607<0>2070<0>782<0>627<0>151<0>2769<0>3837<0>2890<0>898<0>2415<0>479<0>1703<0>1214<0>2864<0>3810<0>72... |
By the end of March, and Clinton was finally able to swing his way around and come at the unsuspecting Americans from above, and on April the 1st, he and his army were camped just a thousand yards from Charleston. | <0>2864<0>506<0>3096<0>110<0>3079<0>1007<0>2989<0>1862<0>2748<0>2930<0>2984<0>3686<0>758<0>1007<0>1157<0>3999<0>368<0>3634<0>1500<0>3927<0>3972<0>4009<0>3373<0>623<0>3439<0>3509<0>1518<0>1007<0>3927<0>1007<0>3067<0>561<0>2070<0>2898<0>1525<0>219<0>3972<0>2716<0>611<0>1580<0>2683<0>3018<0>911<0>3509<0>1230<0>1569<0>2799... |
Lincoln and the American garrison scrambled to prevent an instantaneous collapse of the line, and though the fortifications would ultimately prove inadequate, for the moment, they did give Clinton pause about a full-scale assault. | <0>3287<0>2070<0>3447<0>850<0>2245<0>231<0>3585<0>3509<0>1850<0>4009<0>3968<0>361<0>2838<0>3089<0>3515<0>3850<0>382<0>3832<0>136<0>3867<0>1500<0>1401<0>512<0>1441<0>2626<0>2921<0>492<0>3972<0>3447<0>3552<0>493<0>1654<0>3874<0>729<0>3968<0>237<0>45<0>1530<0>3735<0>3277<0>1857<0>3783<0>898<0>2748<0>2221<0>3840<0>1238<0>3... |
What Charleston now surrounded though, time and resources were on the British side. So Clinton commenced with a traditional European approach to siege craft. | <0>327<0>1190<0>2872<0>3972<0>934<0>3585<0>967<0>1902<0>1703<0>1007<0>2748<0>3359<0>679<0>291<0>1790<0>1219<0>3973<0>3973<0>3973<0>3748<0>3899<0>1472<0>151<0>2799<0>561<0>3832<0>1978<0>521<0>3695<0>3813<0>545<0>1283<0>3972<0>1981<0>3509<0>2626<0>2748<0>1941<0>4069<0>1880<0>3877<0>3877<0>2578<0>797<0>405<0>3726<0>3762<0... |
Which involved digging out an entrenchment running parallel to the enemy fortifications, and then when that one was complete, digging forward and starting another parallel line, slowly cutting off the ground between besieger and besieged. | <0>611<0>561<0>1773<0>1007<0>2872<0>2541<0>1238<0>3184<0>553<0>386<0>1526<0>2716<0>2471<0>3447<0>623<0>3184<0>1190<0>521<0>2703<0>3927<0>561<0>1981<0>3972<0>3509<0>3184<0>3402<0>1240<0>3809<0>1518<0>3972<0>1981<0>2152<0>3842<0>3822<0>2641<0>2641<0>2578<0>1819<0>2049<0>3540<0>553<0>386<0>3055<0>151<0>1007<0>3052<0>3018<... |
All through April, the British steadily advanced through random and sporadic American shelling. | <0>3783<0>2541<0>1484<0>83<0>690<0>45<0>1261<0>787<0>3783<0>1648<0>1649<0>2052<0>1862<0>1007<0>2716<0>2638<0>607<0>1211<0>3437<0>2510<0>3809<0>1547<0>3642<0>2536<0>2345<0>2221<0>1301<0>1335<0>1834<0>954<0>1442<0>611<0>729<0>3176<0>3373<0>3541<0>1329<0>2641<0>1007<0>3660<0>2221<0>2864<0>43<0>3447<0>2915<0>2868<0>3299<0>... |
By the end of April, Clinton had completed his third parallel and was trying to get Admiral Arbuthnot, who had been putting ships across the sandbar to sail up the Copper River to help close the noose once and for all, | <0>2324<0>151<0>2070<0>3999<0>3999<0>1597<0>3972<0>3972<0>2864<0>3151<0>2985<0>348<0>313<0>729<0>3060<0>561<0>807<0>2748<0>3642<0>1007<0>386<0>386<0>1123<0>838<0>3660<0>1978<0>2799<0>1442<0>3410<0>2715<0>2735<0>1981<0>3151<0>3151<0>2104<0>1008<0>2104<0>1974<0>2683<0>196<0>382<0>2762<0>644<0>1850<0>553<0>386<0>901<0>304... |
But Arbuthnot of course stalled and made excuses and never did go up the river. | <0>611<0>2510<0>3318<0>2313<0>2872<0>2510<0>1401<0>2648<0>2748<0>2748<0>3972<0>2102<0>3348<0>3045<0>3927<0>1026<0>2872<0>3962<0>2548<0>545<0>2151<0>1318<0>3184<0>553<0>1730<0>2440<0>1610<0>2353<0>2187<0>3832<0>3277<0>3837<0>2284<0>1730<0>1711<0>3293<0>3973<0>746<0>2799<0>2799<0>3794<0>900<0>3509<0>1617<0>2163<0>3515<0>... |
But even with this strategic bickering getting in the way, inside the city, Benjamin Lincoln could see that the situation was hopeless, and against the begging and pleading of the citizens of Charleston, he attempted to surrender on April the 21st. | <0>1238<0>1401<0>703<0>2485<0>2485<0>3067<0>1309<0>2070<0>3045<0>1026<0>2748<0>850<0>2161<0>553<0>2396<0>3686<0>3539<0>2221<0>2471<0>3299<0>3968<0>2716<0>361<0>3347<0>611<0>3435<0>644<0>1275<0>2213<0>405<0>3726<0>3003<0>4095<0>1123<0>151<0>1444<0>3899<0>2410<0>1171<0>3235<0>4001<0>1386<0>289<0>611<0>1525<0>3447<0>368<0... |
Hoping to get Clinton to let him march out with his men in exchange for the city. But Clinton turned him down flat. | <0>3052<0>1200<0>807<0>561<0>386<0>1547<0>745<0>898<0>1238<0>3552<0>361<0>1711<0>3377<0>1981<0>2441<0>45<0>3509<0>954<0>2541<0>2748<0>3187<0>3877<0>3972<0>2199<0>2152<0>3837<0>3134<0>1525<0>2716<0>374<0>3018<0>1329<0>2345<0>151<0>553<0>3055<0>3439<0>2641<0>2191<0>3894<0>4001<0>3045<0>1401<0>701<0>424<0>2278<0>2293<0>22... |
The creeping British kept creeping until the second week of May, when a sharp artillery battle broke out, and wound up setting fire to the wood homes inside the city. | <0>2152<0>3404<0>2894<0>2716<0>151<0>2324<0>3348<0>553<0>35<0>403<0>2715<0>1866<0>1310<0>992<0>2735<0>386<0>29<0>237<0>3067<0>1200<0>2221<0>1978<0>607<0>2716<0>2716<0>1834<0>361<0>1617<0>611<0>819<0>3447<0>3089<0>3032<0>3541<0>2106<0>1632<0>611<0>3359<0>1959<0>1166<0>4009<0>3404<0>3962<0>2799<0>1973<0>36<0>1157<0>3348<... |
Forcing the residents to admit that it was time to give up. | <0>955<0>165<0>3135<0>4009<0>3560<0>3541<0>3809<0>1518<0>1010<0>934<0>3509<0>2594<0>3660<0>1230<0>3359<0>2864<0>2716<0>3773<0>2104<0>705<0>705<0>1008<0>2104<0>3540<0>3143<0>978<0>2315<0>644<0>3447<0>386<0>386<0>1007<0>2053<0>1329<0>3991<0>998<1>3050<1>3795<1>1156<1>1696<1>2229<1>365<1>3245<1>3169<1>3759<1>692<1>2406<1>... |
So on May 12, 1780, the Americans surrendered Charleston to the British. | <0>1603<0>2221<0>2748<0>3299<0>1401<0>2070<0>1858<0>3671<0>3135<0>1518<0>360<0>2741<0>3045<0>4009<0>2703<0>729<0>1526<0>3999<0>2984<0>703<0>289<0>289<0>104<0>2104<0>2104<0>3566<0>3973<0>2161<0>3509<0>3509<0>644<0>2735<0>2716<0>2703<0>3927<0>3404<0>229<0>2748<0>1214<0>3184<0>2253<0>2304<0>2541<0>2415<0>1978<0>3143<0>180... |
While the regular continental soldiers were taken as prisoners of war. | <0>3783<0>2365<0>954<0>1850<0>3131<0>3809<0>2221<0>2748<0>1569<0>809<0>1007<0>1007<0>1594<0>2748<0>1981<0>1957<0>900<0>529<0>424<0>1108<0>1442<0>3949<0>1959<0>1261<0>2716<0>2594<0>860<0>3592<0>611<0>1617<0>3277<0>2324<0>1862<0>3187<0>611<0>2343<0>3255<0>3702<0>3246<0>998<0>3981<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068... |
The Seed of Charleston had taken its toll on the already disenchanted Henry Clinton. | <0>1007<0>3927<0>491<0>3096<0>373<0>951<0>1798<0>2304<0>286<0>2619<0>2872<0>4001<0>151<0>2054<0>1609<0>623<0>1875<0>967<0>2935<0>900<0>3447<0>729<0>2762<0>1362<0>3150<0>2343<0>2123<0>3783<0>327<0>919<0>2830<0>1218<0>3782<0>2872<0>1819<0>2748<0>2716<0>289<0>2840<0>1741<0>1880<0>2152<0>2830<0>1798<0>1597<0>3968<0>3968<0>... |
His lot in life had come down to feuding with a curmudgeon of an admiral and bickering with an ambitious and self-possessed second-in-command. | <0>1197<0>2525<0>1007<0>4009<0>2735<0>628<0>2070<0>4009<0>553<0>3515<0>3509<0>2440<0>898<0>2799<0>3089<0>2748<0>746<0>1261<0>1042<0>1310<0>553<0>386<0>623<0>2152<0>1768<0>2324<0>3118<0>3419<0>3671<0>1575<0>2989<0>3980<0>3935<0>1261<0>3359<0>2641<0>4079<0>1190<0>3541<0>512<0>3067<0>2053<0>105<0>2104<0>2104<0>1875<0>3447... |
On June the first, Clinton issued what he thought would be the foundation of the British recovery of South Carolina. | <0>3434<0>2594<0>850<0>561<0>382<0>88<0>2199<0>1157<0>3404<0>2799<0>1555<0>3566<0>1008<0>1008<0>2104<0>3540<0>1444<0>3999<0>729<0>3585<0>1024<0>553<0>3055<0>386<0>1238<0>291<0>3748<0>1730<0>2440<0>279<0>1902<0>1902<0>3297<0>954<0>289<0>2594<0>2335<0>2748<0>83<0>3968<0>3842<0>2514<0>1800<0>3348<0>1238<0>361<0>361<0>1981... |
All rebels who laid down their arms would be given clemency. | <0>2548<0>2541<0>3489<0>545<0>3980<0>2864<0>3962<0>934<0>679<0>1238<0>3135<0>553<0>493<0>2536<0>3972<0>561<0>1819<0>360<0>2872<0>3972<0>3695<0>2987<0>3018<0>1108<0>2185<0>679<0>1858<0>2875<0>3143<0>2324<0>2940<0>2324<0>1680<0>3447<0>3617<0>1200<0>2741<0>701<0>3419<0>3981<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068... |
But the announcement had zero impact on the patriot partisans who weren't about to just give up while simultaneously annoying the loyalist partisans who were frankly offended the British would even consider offering clemency to these damned rebel dogs. Frustrated and annoyed, | <0>3949<0>1007<0>553<0>379<0>3031<0>3927<0>807<0>512<0>2815<0>3451<0>2716<0>1307<0>2769<0>2769<0>2485<0>279<0>2541<0>1981<0>553<0>1214<0>3515<0>3402<0>2536<0>2748<0>3894<0>361<0>2049<0>553<0>3143<0>2748<0>3439<0>745<0>1609<0>1569<0>291<0>1880<0>2324<0>374<0>3594<0>1238<0>3783<0>3972<0>1562<0>3434<0>43<0>1310<0>403<0>83... |
A week after issuing his proclamation, Clinton took four thousand men and returned to New York City where he could stew in peace. | <0>1759<0>895<0>1858<0>3155<0>1525<0>83<0>2958<0>690<0>553<0>3055<0>3373<0>151<0>553<0>3927<0>2221<0>3972<0>3972<0>1518<0>3509<0>3032<0>3832<0>2324<0>384<0>2104<0>1974<0>1272<0>2104<0>2221<0>3999<0>3821<0>368<0>3585<0>807<0>3195<0>1991<0>666<0>2510<0>3972<0>3447<0>2510<0>1007<0>1463<0>3509<0>3439<0>2730<0>1596<0>361<0>... |
Cornwallis was left with the rest of the army, and orders to subdue South Carolina, then make his way through North Carolina into Virginia. | <0>3962<0>1484<0>512<0>1518<0>3972<0>1819<0>1978<0>1978<0>1007<0>729<0>3809<0>3782<0>611<0>2324<0>1007<0>1819<0>2735<0>934<0>2324<0>2324<0>2656<0>3972<0>2471<0>1214<0>797<0>4095<0>1108<0>361<0>151<0>3168<0>3067<0>3404<0>2748<0>1880<0>3002<0>1880<0>2096<0>3949<0>386<0>679<0>3927<0>644<0>2471<0>1310<0>3377<0>2471<0>922<0... |
Next week, we will stay in the south with Cornwallis, as he finally gets to enjoy the independent command he had sought for so long. | <0>2045<0>3999<0>549<0>1703<0>3999<0>1941<0>1596<0>424<0>3325<0>3067<0>2662<0>1981<0>1251<0>3905<0>1525<0>3498<0>3158<0>3046<0>1526<0>2070<0>22<0>595<0>3877<0>3972<0>1238<0>1401<0>1634<0>651<0>2415<0>2365<0>237<0>4008<0>2697<0>2396<0>1542<0>3309<0>1748<0>1329<0>3275<0>746<0>1261<0>2578<0>3972<0>2748<0>2070<0>3373<0>623... |
But Cornwallis would soon learn what Gage and Howe and Burgoyne and Clinton had all learned before him. | <0>998<0>3348<0>2865<0>2619<0>2174<0>1220<0>1472<0>3927<0>690<0>1880<0>368<0>151<0>3373<0>3972<0>219<0>3184<0>2615<0>2396<0>1277<0>623<0>516<0>1206<0>2161<0>668<0>23<0>1875<0>2213<0>1732<0>404<0>1220<0>3722<0>43<0>3972<0>895<0>1361<0>3246<0>1541<0>361<0>1238<0>229<0>954<0>2070<0>259<0>623<0>1171<0>1525<0>2703<0>2748<0>... |
The Americans just did not understand how wars were supposed to be won. That when you are beaten and beaten and beaten again, you're supposed to give up. | <0>2987<0>3854<0>221<0>3980<0>1850<0>2626<0>512<0>2525<0>2153<0>3447<0>934<0>623<0>237<0>3509<0>2748<0>1902<0>771<0>1500<0>2799<0>1401<0>1880<0>553<0>623<0>151<0>3402<0>3972<0>545<0>3783<0>666<0>492<0>3927<0>1981<0>3695<0>2705<0>1117<0>2221<0>1026<0>1746<0>289<0>3297<0>361<0>895<0>304<0>3972<0>2683<0>611<0>2104<0>1974<... |
Cornwallis will wind up just as bitter and frustrated as every other British general who had ever set foot on American soil. | <0>2102<0>3782<0>3348<0>1484<0>1484<0>1518<0>3447<0>2972<0>1649<0>2615<0>1441<0>1484<0>4009<0>3020<0>2070<0>1738<0>2022<0>1525<0>3443<0>3867<0>2152<0>1331<0>464<0>386<0>1401<0>3348<0>3541<0>2748<0>3404<0>2715<0>1857<0>1908<0>291<0>2716<0>2641<0>3566<0>2607<0>2104<0>2104<0>1001<0>3545<0>2638<0>3404<0>173<0>1525<0>3348<0... |
We're gonna leave off today though with a short programming note that next week, and then again in May, I'll be leading with an ad for our good friends at Harry's Razors. | <0>3067<0>1007<0>173<0>1708<0>2932<0>2485<0>2619<0>1902<0>3195<0>901<0>304<0>553<0>3509<0>291<0>3618<0>2070<0>553<0>3055<0>2510<0>1819<0>771<0>2053<0>1569<0>3067<0>1007<0>2716<0>1214<0>361<0>1268<0>1230<0>2898<0>614<0>3447<0>3275<0>1384<0>1525<0>4074<0>1880<0>1238<0>3439<0>3968<0>1230<0>23<0>3973<0>3686<0>3373<0>2070<0... |
If you listen to other podcasts, you probably know about them already, but now you'll get to know about them from me too. | <0>1106<0>553<0>850<0>368<0>3067<0>824<0>607<0>313<0>1902<0>1500<0>3348<0>1819<0>3972<0>3972<0>2471<0>3143<0>1798<0>3402<0>3899<0>1880<0>2161<0>679<0>611<0>43<0>3980<0>1518<0>1981<0>3585<0>1042<0>521<0>43<0>2541<0>611<0>2989<0>2035<0>1981<0>2767<0>850<0>386<0>705<0>2104<0>1974<0>2104<0>384<0>2575<0>1779<0>1190<0>2860<0... |
Where'd you find it? On the desk! Who puts fingernails on a desk? On the desk! | <0>2864<0>2158<0>975<0>3239<0>3871<0>694<0>3295<0>3215<0>1063<0>2505<0>2991<0>2520<0>3139<0>572<0>2786<0>2515<0>1013<0>1013<0>2984<0>3858<0>2877<0>2133<0>1902<0>3339<0>1334<0>2825<0>3302<0>4022<0>3551<0>1678<0>3407<0>61<0>2602<0>3033<0>1722<0>2210<0>1820<0>3411<0>3931<0>741<0>3366<0>51<0>3937<0>1746<0>3981<0>2068<0>206... |
And I was kind of getting cocky about it. And then I see this guy standing there holding a suave and I'm like, oh, this guy's going to get it. And it was me, which it doesn't seem right because I threw a suave. There's no reason I should be standing there with one. It's misleading, no? It is misleading. | <0>1641<0>3530<0>2733<0>2088<0>1376<0>4095<0>3803<0>2314<0>3505<0>2947<0>1252<0>1905<0>3915<0>914<0>2582<0>2787<0>2082<0>975<0>2776<0>2217<0>1696<0>2377<0>1012<0>629<0>748<0>3678<0>3752<0>1458<0>1400<0>785<0>1468<0>1112<0>3697<0>1803<0>380<0>51<0>796<0>2446<0>190<0>664<0>3939<0>2582<0>1332<0>3877<0>3596<0>2346<0>2954<0... |
I can say this, uh, if you ever wonder why we stop doing things, it's probably because it either doesn't make money or nobody wants to see it anymore. | <0>253<0>1842<0>2142<0>1905<0>3484<0>2378<0>3376<0>4074<0>576<0>3299<0>2728<0>1616<0>4074<0>2832<0>1803<0>55<0>181<0>3990<0>2760<0>3355<0>179<0>1390<0>1059<0>3921<0>1131<0>3280<0>1560<0>3374<0>3535<0>1607<0>16<0>2204<0>3211<0>1696<0>1696<0>1696<0>2645<0>738<0>1786<0>3909<0>975<0>328<0>3323<0>2861<0>3974<0>1768<0>447<0>... |
Yeah, I can see that. I didn't start liking soccer until, uh, I wasn't able to have a boy and had to watch my daughters play it, so. And start coaching it. And start coaching it. So I had to find some sort of, yeah, fuck me. Somewhere to yell at them. Yeah. Oh, fuck me. | <0>3281<0>190<0>3042<0>2441<0>1293<0>3234<0>2588<0>3909<0>526<0>4011<0>1489<0>2699<0>251<0>1368<0>497<0>363<0>2442<0>2220<0>2509<0>2828<0>2013<0>3516<0>3828<0>3508<0>1494<0>3008<0>3433<0>2282<0>3684<0>2248<0>2456<0>2488<0>611<0>3199<0>1768<0>1904<0>3643<0>1696<0>1321<0>1659<0>1659<0>158<0>132<0>1016<0>1737<0>2488<0>169... |
Though no one knew it at the time, when Octavian emerged victorious from the brief war with his old triumph or colleague in 30 BC. | <0>3599<0>300<0>812<0>2070<0>3150<0>546<0>1394<0>2020<0>2020<0>2020<0>2020<0>326<0>1192<0>1192<0>3918<0>1277<0>1376<0>2239<0>4019<0>2675<0>3809<0>1007<0>1211<0>546<0>546<0>546<0>3642<0>2054<0>321<0>2176<0>3921<0>3808<0>1768<0>669<0>321<0>321<0>235<0>4072<0>1855<0>774<0>3918<0>1284<0>1370<0>277<0>1701<0>1370<0>68<0>321<... |
He was also ending nearly 20 years of continuous civil war. | <0>3288<0>3290<0>2070<0>1020<0>2541<0>2613<0>2543<0>3840<0>351<0>243<0>633<0>756<0>3574<0>321<0>3224<0>2154<0>1370<0>3786<0>4072<0>1394<0>1394<0>3305<0>1512<0>2592<0>3097<0>3134<0>3873<0>243<0>1394<0>633<0>3918<0>2903<0>2876<0>614<0>68<0>866<0>68<0>1289<0>1734<0>2700<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>3... |
From the time Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon in 49 BC, the Empire had been subjected to almost two decades of constant civil strife. | <0>1649<0>3642<0>3840<0>3966<0>3447<0>3150<0>3642<0>401<0>3253<0>1394<0>2978<0>2762<0>1394<0>1394<0>235<0>1973<0>321<0>321<0>1607<0>2176<0>3786<0>4010<0>614<0>234<0>1370<0>321<0>3918<0>1671<0>103<0>2339<0>235<0>3613<0>2181<0>633<0>1376<0>338<0>3155<0>446<0>192<0>3125<0>3175<0>3003<0>3237<0>3179<0>2204<0>2640<0>3599<0>1... |
Have the sickly Octavian died young? No doubt the victory at Actium and the conquest of Alexandria. | <0>2391<0>1118<0>1097<0>3318<0>3713<0>1503<0>309<0>2174<0>2338<0>2874<0>192<0>1394<0>1394<0>633<0>2566<0>2181<0>756<0>3670<0>235<0>3918<0>1277<0>3762<0>1571<0>797<0>4020<0>725<0>3253<0>2176<0>309<0>2181<0>1762<0>3626<0>2020<0>1526<0>947<0>243<0>2408<0>2138<0>2648<0>2648<0>3237<0>1394<0>3918<0>234<0>3179<0>869<0>3918<0>... |
Would have been just two more milestones on the long road to stability. But much to everyone's surprise, not the least of which is own, Octavian wound up living well into his seventies. | <0>3579<0>3235<0>3841<0>3297<0>3519<0>3280<0>1419<0>2406<0>491<0>3849<0>2034<0>2975<0>3982<0>2054<0>321<0>628<0>321<0>562<0>3660<0>2020<0>2178<0>2568<0>321<0>3918<0>2675<0>1488<0>2339<0>3918<0>2675<0>614<0>1219<0>1467<0>3729<0>3609<0>234<0>234<0>2176<0>2020<0>756<0>2498<0>1989<0>3237<0>1989<0>3237<0>3466<0>1989<0>2278<... |
Would things ever go back to the way they had been before? Did anyone want things to go back to the way they had been before? | <0>3027<0>300<0>226<0>546<0>2775<0>2095<0>3235<0>321<0>2176<0>2550<0>2176<0>1902<0>1667<0>724<0>633<0>1512<0>1396<0>1512<0>231<0>2538<0>1376<0>197<0>1277<0>2178<0>2338<0>68<0>2548<0>3117<0>2700<0>3237<0>3237<0>3237<0>3237<0>3237<0>2729<0>3849<0>3461<0>1679<0>2020<0>235<0>2960<0>1811<0>321<0>998<0>2138<0>3134<0>3904<0>3... |
We of course know now how things turned out and know the ABCs of how Octavian solidified his personal rule and what that meant for the long-term makeup and outlook of the Roman Empire. | <0>1973<0>2070<0>2626<0>2541<0>2510<0>1715<0>3253<0>235<0>249<0>1642<0>507<0>321<0>2648<0>1734<0>724<0>2416<0>2055<0>2338<0>2054<0>3988<0>2181<0>614<0>3973<0>1376<0>3237<0>1108<0>3384<0>4073<0>277<0>2176<0>3609<0>2591<0>192<0>1394<0>3670<0>785<0>3993<0>3670<0>2509<0>492<0>466<0>1902<0>321<0>3962<0>3434<0>504<0>1396<0>3... |
But as the victorious young Caesar sailed back to Rome in 30 BC, no one knew what was going to happen next. | <0>234<0>3834<0>3904<0>1118<0>3519<0>1434<0>63<0>2541<0>3141<0>1685<0>785<0>3486<0>191<0>2762<0>3921<0>1394<0>277<0>3062<0>4044<0>309<0>2020<0>2020<0>2619<0>789<0>2020<0>2020<0>2181<0>3918<0>1277<0>3808<0>321<0>2960<0>2960<0>633<0>2668<0>73<0>1394<0>3175<0>1376<0>3237<0>3726<0>2239<0>2370<0>464<0>313<0>3135<0>3519<0>14... |
The great constitutional questions did not have to be addressed straight away. | <0>196<0>807<0>1007<0>3673<0>2921<0>2541<0>1007<0>1098<0>249<0>3253<0>596<0>2531<0>1442<0>2665<0>2181<0>3834<0>73<0>2808<0>426<0>947<0>78<0>172<0>562<0>1192<0>280<0>348<0>918<0>1277<0>3574<0>2746<0>1370<0>628<0>2032<0>1510<0>774<0>3918<0>3898<0>235<0>3963<0>2178<0>602<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>3981<1>... |
He was, after all, still Consul, which gave him all the legitimate power he needed to rule the Empire. | <0>2378<0>2070<0>2070<0>2151<0>2796<0>628<0>1778<0>1370<0>3962<0>288<0>1578<0>2592<0>998<0>2176<0>321<0>321<0>235<0>1935<0>1289<0>1108<0>290<0>3762<0>3237<0>1219<0>3079<0>3049<0>3776<0>2978<0>3253<0>1484<0>1484<0>507<0>2020<0>135<0>1987<0>1320<0>2034<0>614<0>559<0>321<0>321<0>1537<0>2960<0>1394<0>1394<0>3876<0>918<0>31... |
Eventually, being elected consul year after year would no longer be a sustainable base upon which to rest his authority, but for now, it was enough. | <0>1734<0>2034<0>2070<0>368<0>253<0>2176<0>243<0>2840<0>1875<0>290<0>1434<0>546<0>3135<0>1935<0>3834<0>309<0>3837<0>348<0>321<0>321<0>3609<0>2020<0>3670<0>3670<0>1671<0>2181<0>2181<0>3310<0>3898<0>2100<0>938<0>3898<0>3762<0>1459<0>2899<0>2176<0>649<0>2312<0>2020<0>321<0>1819<0>1442<0>2339<0>3003<0>192<0>3125<0>2522<0>4... |
His first steps were to sort through all the friends and enemies he had made in the previous decade and decide what to do with them all. First up on the list of names, Mark Antony of course. | <0>3038<0>1773<0>3927<0>3447<0>2375<0>2055<0>3834<0>2176<0>2018<0>390<0>1203<0>2548<0>562<0>2595<0>2453<0>507<0>288<0>1955<0>2034<0>3982<0>3384<0>1484<0>1484<0>3253<0>517<0>253<0>4072<0>135<0>135<0>944<0>4072<0>234<0>2088<0>3353<0>1965<0>1394<0>1277<0>3057<0>351<0>3125<0>1394<0>1277<0>614<0>633<0>3670<0>317<0>3609<0>90... |
Now you may think, well, Mark Antony is dead, so isn't that enough? And the answer is that no, it wasn't enough. | <0>2274<0>2070<0>623<0>2070<0>1710<0>1710<0>546<0>2898<0>253<0>253<0>2499<0>998<0>1834<0>2541<0>2151<0>1306<0>3287<0>938<0>1394<0>277<0>648<0>1919<0>1097<0>3182<0>2139<0>3029<0>1607<0>3626<0>1762<0>4088<0>2138<0>48<0>277<0>3224<0>2750<0>2054<0>1502<0>1168<0>2176<0>1603<0>5<0>3237<0>3237<0>3726<0>3179<0>2278<0>1001<0>36... |
Octavian wanted his old rival erased from the collective consciousness, so he ordered that Antony's name be literally purged from the history books. | <0>1311<0>628<0>1710<0>1547<0>1011<0>546<0>1396<0>3982<0>628<0>1126<0>1966<0>2775<0>3786<0>2339<0>2752<0>2020<0>321<0>321<0>3918<0>1289<0>1289<0>614<0>774<0>192<0>3280<0>3904<0>1219<0>3918<0>1579<0>1762<0>1289<0>3918<0>500<0>2700<0>1973<0>321<0>2034<0>90<0>504<0>2178<0>2034<0>234<0>1989<0>3237<0>2018<0>2239<0>1228<0>11... |
The official annals that recorded the events of the year were opened and edited. Every mention of Marcus Antonius was erased. | <0>933<0>4072<0>2006<0>1685<0>193<0>3135<0>515<0>1987<0>3253<0>2339<0>2339<0>5<0>4088<0>2176<0>1488<0>1488<0>321<0>3626<0>2329<0>756<0>2960<0>2181<0>2627<0>63<0>1376<0>3670<0>1259<0>3786<0>614<0>443<0>2176<0>3626<0>1982<0>1667<0>3003<0>3237<0>3466<0>1277<0>3466<0>3425<0>3609<0>3606<0>2088<0>1376<0>3726<0>3237<0>3237<0>... |
The same was done to various monuments and statues that had been erected in the last 30 years and still bore his name. | <0>349<0>73<0>73<0>1987<0>1168<0>4072<0>90<0>2796<0>235<0>2088<0>1579<0>1899<0>3031<0>1901<0>317<0>234<0>2054<0>321<0>1671<0>633<0>3918<0>5<0>135<0>1300<0>504<0>796<0>2787<0>2369<0>3574<0>963<0>955<0>725<0>2730<0>2004<0>4072<0>648<0>4073<0>235<0>2339<0>1901<0>548<0>90<0>2088<0>3918<0>2054<0>2860<0>348<0>3386<0>3108<0>2... |
Finally, it was decreed that no future son of the Antonius clan could be named Marcus. | <0>3029<0>2102<0>1007<0>193<0>3444<0>3194<0>1108<0>290<0>3726<0>3802<0>1901<0>1118<0>3551<0>2769<0>1778<0>3318<0>1797<0>3626<0>3808<0>249<0>3834<0>2020<0>517<0>785<0>668<0>3318<0>4050<0>254<0>253<0>235<0>234<0>3629<0>633<0>633<0>3321<0>2054<0>649<0>2400<0>326<0>2338<0>3253<0>941<0>3328<0>3097<0>3798<0>196<0>2088<0>4023... |
Octavian was making it clear that there is no Mark Antony. There never was a Mark Antony, and that we have always been at war with East Asia. | <0>1001<0>3599<0>443<0>321<0>2876<0>1967<0>3793<0>546<0>3297<0>805<0>3253<0>1097<0>3041<0>1394<0>3808<0>1973<0>2176<0>2181<0>2339<0>3762<0>1108<0>1671<0>2006<0>2001<0>3183<0>1097<0>277<0>3253<0>3918<0>2054<0>1370<0>3726<0>1966<0>2393<0>3574<0>3003<0>3466<0>2278<0>2278<0>2239<0>235<0>3061<0>1370<0>3898<0>2395<0>253<0>38... |
As for the former allies of the now non-existent Mark Antony, Archavian decided their fates on a case-by-case basis. | <0>4029<0>3447<0>3927<0>1007<0>3373<0>2921<0>1969<0>2181<0>2181<0>3203<0>628<0>321<0>321<0>4072<0>2775<0>2566<0>135<0>2660<0>1192<0>2312<0>1370<0>3579<0>2627<0>2713<0>805<0>326<0>2690<0>3027<0>1488<0>2700<0>192<0>2181<0>1982<0>1601<0>290<0>1989<0>3237<0>2007<0>530<0>1994<0>3151<0>562<0>3565<0>623<0>546<0>3585<0>1306<0>... |
Unlike his uncle, Octavian was predisposed towards bloody vengeance, but with Messinus acting as a moderating hand behind the scenes, Octavian actually ordered as many pardons as he did executions. | <0>1883<0>2070<0>2070<0>3118<0>4072<0>1935<0>321<0>2176<0>2949<0>2178<0>2675<0>2675<0>1219<0>288<0>1370<0>1710<0>546<0>546<0>3297<0>2152<0>1989<0>1973<0>3253<0>1962<0>73<0>2769<0>998<0>1370<0>2176<0>2176<0>3545<0>321<0>3022<0>1748<0>1376<0>3898<0>2176<0>3670<0>3670<0>1284<0>941<0>633<0>2400<0>2824<0>2338<0>5<0>3237<0>2... |
The die-hard anti-Caesarians were killed or exiled, but the rest of his former enemies were folded into the new regime. | <0>2020<0>2903<0>2510<0>3185<0>3447<0>3701<0>321<0>277<0>2820<0>3253<0>1635<0>2506<0>4044<0>2775<0>2898<0>3543<0>1192<0>2393<0>3626<0>1738<0>579<0>1419<0>235<0>2339<0>2339<0>1762<0>443<0>3786<0>2975<0>1500<0>254<0>1370<0>321<0>327<0>614<0>1989<0>2239<0>1639<0>3579<0>1639<0>3180<0>3840<0>253<0>3834<0>3235<0>296<0>3253<0... |
The latter fact was highly publicized. The former, not so much. | <0>2700<0>4010<0>4010<0>1736<0>628<0>2034<0>2338<0>1084<0>1596<0>2176<0>3318<0>559<0>1370<0>4072<0>1748<0>321<0>1488<0>2176<0>781<0>2181<0>2181<0>2369<0>2535<0>3003<0>3237<0>1376<0>3117<0>2020<0>3962<0>1289<0>1488<0>2178<0>3237<0>3237<0>3237<0>290<0>2178<0>1219<0>3660<0>1762<0>3918<0>1738<0>3371<0>3779<0>1667<0>602<0>2... |
He would serve as the traditional executive, but he planned much greater heights for himself in the future. | <0>2640<0>2823<0>2070<0>1020<0>1355<0>3935<0>2196<0>3401<0>2152<0>3695<0>4062<0>1119<0>2034<0>1097<0>2413<0>2054<0>774<0>3808<0>3729<0>277<0>2034<0>1278<0>3125<0>2511<0>290<0>1376<0>1989<0>1528<0>2899<0>1219<0>3834<0>243<0>2566<0>3135<0>1306<0>1277<0>1982<0>2181<0>2993<0>3310<0>3302<0>507<0>1213<0>1838<0>243<0>1228<0>2... |
To prepare the population for his ascent to near godhood. | <0>2705<0>3840<0>1370<0>1645<0>2510<0>2181<0>2178<0>1370<0>321<0>614<0>1671<0>724<0>1679<0>2451<0>724<0>1219<0>3898<0>941<0>2775<0>805<0>4044<0>73<0>135<0>135<0>4072<0>3670<0>941<0>2176<0>3313<0>321<0>321<0>552<0>2511<0>234<0>290<0>1989<0>1989<0>602<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>2068<0>3981<... |
Octavian had Messinus set his army of poets to the task of glorifying their newly victorious patron. | <0>3599<0>58<0>1311<0>3318<0>1710<0>546<0>2581<0>632<0>1800<0>2070<0>648<0>3117<0>3751<0>1607<0>1394<0>1394<0>3551<0>3179<0>2293<0>2352<0>73<0>1097<0>309<0>3729<0>3543<0>321<0>941<0>2408<0>234<0>1748<0>1370<0>2176<0>1512<0>2404<0>135<0>3626<0>1481<0>705<0>628<0>2181<0>2404<0>2700<0>234<0>2339<0>68<0>321<0>1820<0>2354<0... |
The culmination of the poetic propaganda campaign was of course the Aeneid written by Virgil. | <0>2178<0>1118<0>2081<0>3782<0>3618<0>445<0>192<0>2668<0>3291<0>1982<0>234<0>871<0>2181<0>4010<0>3675<0>2653<0>1219<0>321<0>1289<0>294<0>1394<0>1601<0>756<0>3234<0>3175<0>3918<0>3661<0>786<0>2714<0>365<0>2797<0>2239<0>2020<0>277<0>998<0>1488<0>288<0>321<0>517<0>3189<0>1571<0>2100<0>3125<0>2088<0>2088<0>3353<0>1394<0>25... |
It begun soon after Octavian's return to Rome, the epic poem would be published a decade later and eventually stand as one of the few great masterpieces of Latin verse. | <0>4062<0>2375<0>2070<0>1452<0>3160<0>2152<0>2070<0>628<0>1114<0>253<0>321<0>2957<0>1987<0>1394<0>1394<0>1168<0>321<0>2903<0>1192<0>2020<0>2176<0>321<0>507<0>2020<0>234<0>3003<0>3237<0>530<0>3829<0>1919<0>3776<0>259<0>4062<0>1434<0>1442<0>1370<0>2020<0>962<0>3918<0>1277<0>1485<0>1748<0>1111<0>2176<0>2020<0>211<0>365<0>... |
Well the quality of the work was no doubt a pleasant bonus. Octavian, by then Augustus. | <0>1370<0>1118<0>3840<0>2474<0>3489<0>4008<0>3840<0>1206<0>3626<0>3253<0>2379<0>1780<0>2176<0>614<0>277<0>1394<0>3224<0>1512<0>696<0>321<0>614<0>877<0>3224<0>2016<0>3798<0>2700<0>1762<0>2020<0>3105<0>2016<0>3310<0>3237<0>3237<0>3237<0>2754<0>2648<0>19<0>1969<0>192<0>1394<0>2657<0>3918<0>1614<0>2639<0>2300<0>2239<0>2860... |
Was most pleased to find Virgil taking pains to highlight the Julii clan's connection to Aeneas and the description of Augustus' ascent to power as a preordained inevitability. The myth of Augustus was beginning to take shape. | <0>592<0>3235<0>1114<0>628<0>2550<0>1715<0>2535<0>309<0>3291<0>2592<0>5<0>1192<0>1370<0>3153<0>1219<0>321<0>1671<0>1512<0>1074<0>1987<0>3353<0>2568<0>1277<0>2823<0>3574<0>1394<0>3606<0>2116<0>3237<0>3803<0>1804<0>1778<0>3834<0>2020<0>4072<0>2566<0>3693<0>1366<0>3626<0>2400<0>4072<0>2181<0>3165<0>1762<0>2395<0>2568<0>24... |
The highlight of the year was the celebration of three triumphs in Octavian's honor, one each for his victories in a Lyricum, Alexandria, and an Actium. | <0>3444<0>2748<0>2530<0>2070<0>3150<0>2070<0>3253<0>3609<0>3353<0>941<0>614<0>290<0>349<0>3786<0>1118<0>3904<0>3551<0>3160<0>2510<0>3591<0>321<0>1901<0>2451<0>135<0>649<0>2105<0>2649<0>507<0>3574<0>3111<0>1136<0>321<0>3486<0>3918<0>3729<0>1222<0>3246<0>1172<0>231<0>1396<0>3123<0>3389<0>2176<0>443<0>1488<0>3579<0>2416<0... |
Of course, with Antony now written out of the history books, the triumph celebrating Actium in Alexandria were recast as victories over Cleopatra alone, the demonic Eastern queen who had tried to conquer noble Rome. | <0>443<0>321<0>253<0>1901<0>2369<0>2278<0>2680<0>3165<0>2034<0>944<0>1306<0>1306<0>1394<0>1394<0>1192<0>2339<0>507<0>942<0>962<0>2181<0>2178<0>2566<0>2710<0>1987<0>1118<0>2038<0>2176<0>2675<0>614<0>614<0>2857<0>2018<0>3237<0>3237<0>2239<0>2176<0>2055<0>2053<0>1007<0>1685<0>1846<0>2404<0>781<0>1370<0>2339<0>321<0>941<0>... |
For these latter two events, Octavian forced Cleopatra's children to parade through the streets of Rome in chains. | <0>2576<0>1007<0>623<0>3713<0>2020<0>2181<0>253<0>628<0>2176<0>1419<0>2176<0>2176<0>3253<0>1738<0>3253<0>2406<0>3237<0>3237<0>443<0>443<0>3403<0>1618<0>3821<0>546<0>546<0>546<0>2199<0>1552<0>288<0>2144<0>3545<0>2020<0>309<0>321<0>2339<0>1242<0>1026<0>2338<0>2966<0>1665<0>3458<0>492<0>3918<0>2341<0>1277<0>2663<0>2038<0>... |
As the one real threat to Octavian's claim on the Caesar name, there was no way Octavian was going to let young Cesarean make it out of Alexandria alive. | <0>2933<0>2070<0>277<0>3834<0>2550<0>3150<0>3840<0>3302<0>507<0>3310<0>103<0>628<0>290<0>1114<0>321<0>321<0>1172<0>4072<0>2858<0>3574<0>1394<0>2993<0>2921<0>1192<0>2975<0>1394<0>2054<0>1502<0>2741<0>4044<0>1378<0>277<0>3918<0>633<0>633<0>724<0>614<0>290<0>3237<0>3726<0>1368<0>1203<0>1370<0>3834<0>73<0>3253<0>253<0>507<... |
Famously remarking that two Caesars is one Caesar too many. Octavian had the boy executed. | <0>1219<0>3295<0>108<0>1118<0>2505<0>235<0>3898<0>651<0>2181<0>440<0>1277<0>1172<0>725<0>2700<0>1388<0>2711<0>22<0>1378<0>243<0>4050<0>1378<0>3158<0>277<0>990<0>326<0>1376<0>3726<0>2176<0>2176<0>3898<0>235<0>1982<0>3060<0>756<0>2339<0>3162<0>127<0>324<0>2416<0>243<0>3057<0>1108<0>3237<0>3237<0>3237<0>3726<0>998<0>1618<... |
It may seem harsh, but in Roman society, when a boy reaches the age of 18 and passes through the rituals of manhood, he is a man, no less so because he is a young one. There is no hesitating over Caesarians fate. Two Caesars is one Caesar too many. The rest of the children were handed over to Octavia to care for. | <0>2405<0>2070<0>2070<0>3793<0>838<0>546<0>3297<0>1311<0>3982<0>1370<0>136<0>1199<0>3237<0>3726<0>3179<0>3179<0>3840<0>1168<0>3253<0>253<0>1168<0>135<0>63<0>4044<0>562<0>321<0>277<0>2207<0>3918<0>3918<0>2700<0>2752<0>235<0>2176<0>3305<0>3417<0>383<0>3873<0>1394<0>3670<0>1236<0>2960<0>2329<0>2154<0>1624<0>1394<0>1671<0>... |
The new bride took her brothers and sisters with her to Africa, where they lived the rest of their lives in peaceful obscurity. | <0>2566<0>249<0>2668<0>235<0>2020<0>321<0>2181<0>1376<0>2903<0>2034<0>1370<0>2020<0>2181<0>243<0>73<0>2627<0>2055<0>243<0>1855<0>2684<0>135<0>3898<0>4072<0>492<0>3348<0>3203<0>1488<0>2054<0>5<0>1442<0>1488<0>2178<0>3237<0>2700<0>3018<0>2239<0>998<0>235<0>1679<0>1512<0>3626<0>1512<0>321<0>628<0>4044<0>1671<0>253<0>235<0... |
But just as the triumphs marked the passing of Cleopatra's young children from the world stage, | <0>2151<0>2375<0>2070<0>3832<0>2543<0>3840<0>3966<0>3318<0>3982<0>253<0>3253<0>73<0>1488<0>321<0>3609<0>3180<0>3339<0>2211<0>628<0>1607<0>633<0>614<0>5<0>243<0>915<0>1222<0>1311<0>2648<0>4028<0>3305<0>1394<0>3108<0>2054<0>1133<0>2668<0>321<0>1284<0>2178<0>5<0>1943<0>2181<0>2568<0>2339<0>68<0>1289<0>998<0>1545<0>2472<0>... |
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