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What are the symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Symptoms of a UTI range from slight burning with urination or unusual-smelling urine to severe pain and high fever. A child with a UTI may also have no symptoms. A UTI causes irritation of the lining of the bladder, urethra, ureters, and kidneys, just as the inside of the nose or the throat becomes irritated with a col... |
How to diagnose Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Only a health care provider can determine whether a child has a UTI.
A urine sample will be collected and examined. The way urine is collected depends on the childs age:
- If the child is not yet toilet trained, the health care provider may place a plastic collection bag over the child... |
What are the treatments for Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Most UTIs are caused by bacteria, which are treated with bacteria-fighting medications called antibiotics or antimicrobials. While a urine sample is sent to a laboratory, the health care provider may begin treatment with an antibiotic that treats the bacteria most likely to be causing the infection. Once culture result... |
How to diagnose Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Once the infection has cleared, more tests may be recommended to check for abnormalities in the urinary tract. Repeated infections in an abnormal urinary tract may cause kidney damage. The kinds of tests ordered will depend on the child and the type of urinary infection. Because no single test can tell everything about... |
What are the treatments for Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Some abnormalities in the urinary tract correct themselves as the child grows, but some may require surgical correction. While milder forms of VUR may resolve on their own, one common procedure to correct VUR is the reimplantation of the ureters. During this procedure, the surgeon repositions the connection between the... |
How to prevent Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | If a child has a normal urinary tract, parents can help the child avoid UTIs by encouraging regular trips to the bathroom. The parents should make sure the child gets enough to drink if infrequent urination is a problem. The child should be taught proper cleaning techniques after using the bathroom to keep bacteria fro... |
What to do for Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Children with a UTI should drink as much as they wish and not be forced to drink large amounts of fluid. The health care provider needs to know if a child is not interested in drinking or is unable to drink. |
What to do for Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | - Urinary tract infections (UTIs) usually occur when the body fails to remove bacteria rapidly from the urinary tract. - UTIs affect about 3 percent of children in the United States every year. - Most UTIs are not serious, but chronic kidney infections can cause permanent damage. - A UTI in a young child may be a si... |
What is (are) Short Bowel Syndrome ? | Short bowel syndrome is a group of problems related to poor absorption of nutrients. Short bowel syndrome typically occurs in people who have
- had at least half of their small intestine removed and sometimes all or part of their large intestine removed - significant damage of the small intestine - p... |
What is (are) Short Bowel Syndrome ? | The small intestine is the tube-shaped organ between the stomach and large intestine. Most food digestion and nutrient absorption take place in the small intestine. The small intestine is about 20 feet long and includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum:
duodenumthe first part of the small intestine, wh... |
What is (are) Short Bowel Syndrome ? | The large intestine is about 5 feet long in adults and absorbs water and any remaining nutrients from partially digested food passed from the small intestine. The large intestine then changes waste from liquid to a solid matter called stool. |
What causes Short Bowel Syndrome ? | The main cause of short bowel syndrome is surgery to remove a portion of the small intestine. This surgery can treat intestinal diseases, injuries, or birth defects.
Some children are born with an abnormally short small intestine or with part of their bowel missing, which can cause short bowel syndrome... |
How many people are affected by Short Bowel Syndrome ? | Short bowel syndrome is a rare condition. Each year, short bowel syndrome affects about three out of every million people.1 |
What are the symptoms of Short Bowel Syndrome ? | The main symptom of short bowel syndrome is diarrhealoose, watery stools. Diarrhea can lead to dehydration, malnutrition, and weight loss. Dehydration means the body lacks enough fluid and electrolyteschemicals in salts, including sodium, potassium, and chlorideto work properly. Malnutrition is a condition that develop... |
What are the complications of Short Bowel Syndrome ? | The complications of short bowel syndrome may include
- malnutrition - peptic ulcerssores on the lining of the stomach or duodenum caused by too much gastric acid - kidney stonessolid pieces of material that form in the kidneys - small intestinal bacterial overgrowtha condition in which abnormally l... |
What are the symptoms of Short Bowel Syndrome ? | People who have any signs or symptoms of severe dehydration should call or see a health care provider right away:
- excessive thirst - dark-colored urine - infrequent urination - lethargy, dizziness, or faintness - dry skin
Infants and children are most likely to become dehydrated.... |
How to diagnose Short Bowel Syndrome ? | A health care provider diagnoses short bowel syndrome based on
- a medical and family history - a physical exam - blood tests - fecal fat tests - an x-ray of the small and large intestines - upper gastrointestinal (GI) series - computerized tomography (CT) scan
Medical and Family... |
What are the treatments for Short Bowel Syndrome ? | A health care provider will recommend treatment for short bowel syndrome based on a patient's nutritional needs. Treatment may include
- nutritional support - medications - surgery - intestinal transplant
Nutritional Support
The main treatment for short bowel syndro... |
How to prevent Short Bowel Syndrome ? | People can ask their health care providers about surgical techniques that minimize scar tissue. Scientists have not yet found a way to prevent short bowel syndrome that is present at birth, as its cause is unknown. |
What is (are) Short Bowel Syndrome ? | Intestinal adaptation is a process that usually occurs in children after removal of a large portion of their small intestine. The remaining small intestine goes through a period of adaptation and grows to increase its ability to absorb nutrients. Intestinal adaptation can take up to 2 years to occur, and during this ti... |
What to do for Short Bowel Syndrome ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing short bowel syndrome. |
What to do for Short Bowel Syndrome ? | - Short bowel syndrome is a group of problems related to poor absorption of nutrients. - People with short bowel syndrome cannot absorb enough water, vitamins, minerals, protein, fat, calories, and other nutrients from food. - The main symptom of short bowel syndrome is diarrhealoose, watery stools. Diarrhea can lead... |
What is (are) Henoch-Schnlein Purpura ? | Henoch-Schnlein purpura is a disease that causes small blood vessels in the body to become inflamed and leak. The primary symptom is a rash that looks like many small raised bruises. HSP can also affect the kidneys, digestive tract, and joints. HSP can occur any time in life, but it is most common in children between 2... |
What causes Henoch-Schnlein Purpura ? | Henoch-Schnlein purpura is caused by an abnormal immune system response in which the bodys immune system attacks the bodys own cells and organs. Usually, the immune system makes antibodies, or proteins, to protect the body from foreign substances such as bacteria or viruses. In HSP, these antibodies attack the blood ve... |
What are the symptoms of Henoch-Schnlein Purpura ? | The symptoms of HSP include the following:
- Rash. Leaking blood vessels in the skin cause a rash that looks like bruises or small red dots on the legs, arms, and buttocks. The rash may first look like hives and then change to look like bruises, and it may spread to the chest, back, and face. The rash ... |
What are the complications of Henoch-Schnlein Purpura ? | In children, the risk of kidney damage leading to long-term problems may be as high as 15 percent, but kidney failure affects only about 1 percent of children with HSP.1 Up to 40 percent of adults with HSP will have CKD or kidney failure within 15 years after diagnosis.3
A rare complication of HSP is i... |
How to diagnose Henoch-Schnlein Purpura ? | A diagnosis of HSP is suspected when a person has the characteristic rash and one of the following:
- abdominal pain - joint pain - antibody deposits on the skin - hematuria or proteinuria
Antibody deposits on the skin can confirm the diagnosis of HSP. These deposits can be detected... |
What are the treatments for Henoch-Schnlein Purpura ? | No specific treatment for HSP exists. The main goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms such as joint pain, abdominal pain, and swelling. People with kidney involvement may receive treatment aimed at preventing long-term kidney disease.
Treatment is rarely required for the rash. Joint pain is often tre... |
What to do for Henoch-Schnlein Purpura ? | Eating, diet, and nutrition have not been shown to play a role in causing or preventing HSP. |
What to do for Henoch-Schnlein Purpura ? | - Henoch-Schnlein purpura (HSP) is a disease that causes small blood vessels in the body to become inflamed and leak. - HSP is caused by an abnormal immune system response in which the bodys immune system attacks the bodys own cells and organs. The factors that cause this immune system response are not known. - The s... |
What to do for Kidney Failure: What to Expect ? | For people who are on dialysis or approaching total kidney failure, adequate nutrition is important for maintaining energy, strength, healthy sleep patterns, bone health, heart health, and good mental health. A persons treatment will dictate the type of diet that should be followed:
- People on hemodia... |
What to do for Kidney Failure: What to Expect ? | - Kidney failure can affect a persons health in several ways. - When the kidneys stop working, waste products build up in the blood, a condition known as uremia. - People with kidney failure can avoid most of the problems of uremia by having regular dialysis treatments and limiting foods that contain sodium, potassiu... |
What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis B ? | Hepatitis* B is a virus, or infection, that causes liver disease and inflammation of the liver. Viruses can cause sickness. For example, the flu is caused by a virus. People can pass viruses to each other.
Inflammation is swelling that occurs when tissues of the body become injured or infected. Inflamm... |
What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis B ? | The liver is an organ that does many important things. You cannot live without a liver.
*See the Pronunciation Guide for tips on how to say the words in bold type.
The liver
- removes harmful chemicals from your blood - fights infection - helps digest food - stores ... |
Who is at risk for What I need to know about Hepatitis B? ? | Anyone can get hepatitis B, but those more likely to are people who
- were born to a mother with hepatitis B - are in contact with blood, needles, or body fluids at work - live with someone who currently has an active hepatitis B infection - have had more than one sex partner in the last 6 months or... |
What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Hepatitis B ? | Most people do not have any symptoms of hepatitis B. Adults and children ages 5 and older may have one or more of the following symptoms:
- feeling tired - muscle soreness - upset stomach - stomach pain - fever - loss of appetite - diarrhea - dark-yellow urine - light-colored stools - yellowis... |
What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis B ? | Acute hepatitis B is a short-term infection with the hepatitis B virus. Symptoms usually last several weeks but they can last up to 6 months. The infection sometimes clears up because your body is able to fight off the infection and get rid of the virus. Most healthy adults and children older than 5 who have hepatitis ... |
What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis B ? | Chronic hepatitis B is a long-lasting infection with the hepatitis B virus. Chronic hepatitis B occurs when the body cant get rid of the hepatitis B virus. Children, especially infants, are more likely to get chronic hepatitis B, which usually has no symptoms until signs of liver damage appear.
Without... |
How to diagnose What I need to know about Hepatitis B ? | A blood test will show if you have hepatitis B. Blood tests are done at a doctors office or outpatient facility. A blood sample is taken using a needle inserted into a vein in your arm or hand. The blood sample is sent to a lab to test for hepatitis B.
If you are at higher risk of getting hepatitis B, ... |
What are the treatments for What I need to know about Hepatitis B ? | Hepatitis B is not usually treated unless it becomes chronic. Chronic hepatitis B is treated with medicines that slow or stop the virus from damaging the liver.
Medicines for Chronic Hepatitis B
Your doctor will choose medicines or a combination of medicines that are likely to work for... |
What to do for What I need to know about Hepatitis B ? | If you have chronic hepatitis B, you should do things to take care of yourself, including eating a healthy diet. Avoid drinking alcohol, which can harm the liver. Talk with your doctor before taking vitamins and other supplements. |
What to do for What I need to know about Hepatitis B ? | - Hepatitis B is a virus, or infection, that causes liver disease and inflammation of the liver. - Anyone can get hepatitis B, but some people are more likely to than others. - You could get hepatitis B through contact with an infected persons blood, semen, or other body fluid. - Most people do not have any symptoms... |
What is (are) Glomerular Diseases ? | The two kidneys are bean-shaped organs located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Everyday, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid.
Blood enters the kidneys through arteries that branch ins... |
What is (are) Glomerular Diseases ? | The two kidneys are bean-shaped organs located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Everyday, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid.
Blood enters the kidneys through arteries that branch ins... |
What are the symptoms of Glomerular Diseases ? | The signs and symptoms of glomerular disease include
- albuminuria: large amounts of protein in the urine - hematuria: blood in the urine - reduced glomerular filtration rate: inefficient filtering of wastes from the blood - hypoproteinemia: low blood protein - edema: swelling in parts of the body
... |
How to diagnose Glomerular Diseases ? | Patients with glomerular disease have significant amounts of protein in the urine, which may be referred to as "nephrotic range" if levels are very high. Red blood cells in the urine are a frequent finding as well, particularly in some forms of glomerular disease. Urinalysis provides information about kidney damage by ... |
How to diagnose Glomerular Diseases ? | Patients with glomerular disease have significant amounts of protein in the urine, which may be referred to as "nephrotic range" if levels are very high. Red blood cells in the urine are a frequent finding as well, particularly in some forms of glomerular disease. Urinalysis provides information about kidney damage by ... |
What causes Glomerular Diseases ? | A number of different diseases can result in glomerular disease. It may be the direct result of an infection or a drug toxic to the kidneys, or it may result from a disease that affects the entire body, like diabetes or lupus. Many different kinds of diseases can cause swelling or scarring of the nephron or glomerulus.... |
What causes Glomerular Diseases ? | A number of different diseases can result in glomerular disease. It may be the direct result of an infection or a drug toxic to the kidneys, or it may result from a disease that affects the entire body, like diabetes or lupus. Many different kinds of diseases can cause swelling or scarring of the nephron or glomerulus.... |
What is (are) Glomerular Diseases ? | Renal failure is any acute or chronic loss of kidney function and is the term used when some kidney function remains. Total kidney failure, sometimes called end-stage renal disease (ESRD), indicates permanent loss of kidney function. Depending on the form of glomerular disease, renal function may be lost in a matter of... |
What to do for Glomerular Diseases ? | - The kidneys filter waste and extra fluid from the blood. - The filtering process takes place in the nephron, where microscopic blood vessel filters, called glomeruli, are attached to fluid-collecting tubules. - A number of different disease processes can damage the glomeruli and thereby cause kidney failure. Glomer... |
What to do for Glomerular Diseases ? | - The kidneys filter waste and extra fluid from the blood. - The filtering process takes place in the nephron, where microscopic blood vessel filters, called glomeruli, are attached to fluid-collecting tubules. - A number of different disease processes can damage the glomeruli and thereby cause kidney failure. Glomer... |
What is (are) Ulcerative Colitis ? | Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, or long lasting, disease that causes inflammationirritation or swellingand sores called ulcers on the inner lining of the large intestine.
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). C... |
What is (are) Ulcerative Colitis ? | The large intestine is part of the GI tract, a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anusan opening through which stool leaves the body. The last part of the GI tract, called the lower GI tract, consists of the large intestinewhich includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectuma... |
What causes Ulcerative Colitis ? | The exact cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown. Researchers believe the following factors may play a role in causing ulcerative colitis:
- overactive intestinal immune system - genes - environment
Overactive intestinal immune system. Scientists believe one cause of ulcerative colit... |
What are the symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis ? | The most common signs and symptoms of ulcerative colitis are diarrhea with blood or pus and abdominal discomfort. Other signs and symptoms include
- an urgent need to have a bowel movement - feeling tired - nausea or loss of appetite - weight loss - fever - anemiaa condition in which the body has ... |
How to diagnose Ulcerative Colitis ? | A health care provider diagnoses ulcerative colitis with the following:
- medical and family history - physical exam - lab tests - endoscopies of the large intestine
The health care provider may perform a series of medical tests to rule out other bowel disorders, such as irritable b... |
What are the treatments for Ulcerative Colitis ? | A health care provider treats ulcerative colitis with
- medications - surgery
Which treatment a person needs depends on the severity of the disease and the symptoms. Each person experiences ulcerative colitis differently, so health care providers adjust treatments to improve the perso... |
What to do for Ulcerative Colitis ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing ulcerative colitis symptoms. Good nutrition is important in the management of ulcerative colitis, however. Dietary changes can help reduce symptoms. A health care provider may recommend dietary changes such as
- avoiding... |
What are the complications of Ulcerative Colitis ? | Complications of ulcerative colitis can include
- rectal bleedingwhen ulcers in the intestinal lining open and bleed. Rectal bleeding can cause anemia, which health care providers can treat with diet changes and iron supplements. People who have a large amount of bleeding in the intestine over a short ... |
What to do for Ulcerative Colitis ? | - Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, or long lasting, disease that causes inflammationirritation or swellingand sores called ulcers on the inner lining of the large intestine. - The exact cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown. Researchers believe that factors such as an overactive intestinal immune system, genes, and e... |
What is (are) Treatment Methods for Kidney Failure: Peritoneal Dialysis ? | Peritoneal dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure that uses the lining of your abdomen, or belly, to filter your blood inside your body. Doctors call this lining the peritoneum. A doctor will place a soft tube, called a catheter, in your belly a few weeks before you start treatment.
When you start ... |
What is (are) Treatment Methods for Kidney Failure: Peritoneal Dialysis ? | The two types of peritoneal dialysis are continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysisalso called CAPDand automated peritoneal dialysiswhich doctors sometimes call APD or continuous cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis. After learning about the types of peritoneal dialysis, you can choose the type that best fits your schedu... |
What are the treatments for Treatment Methods for Kidney Failure: Peritoneal Dialysis ? | Your health care team will perform several tests to tell if your dialysis exchanges are removing enough wastes. These tests are especially important during the first weeks of treatment to determine whether your schedule is adequate.
Peritoneal Equilibration Test
For a peritoneal equili... |
What to do for Treatment Methods for Kidney Failure: Peritoneal Dialysis ? | Eating the right foods can help you feel better while on peritoneal dialysis. Talk with your dialysis centers dietitian to find a meal plan that works for you. Your dietary needs will depend on your treatment and other factors such as your weight and activity level. Staying healthy with CKD requires watching what is in... |
What to do for Treatment Methods for Kidney Failure: Peritoneal Dialysis ? | - Peritoneal dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure that uses the lining of your abdomen, or belly, to filter your blood inside your body. - The two types of peritoneal dialysis are continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and automated peritoneal dialysis. - The most common problem with peritoneal dialysis is p... |
What is (are) Solitary Kidney ? | When a person has only one kidney or one working kidney, this kidney is called a solitary kidney. The three main causes of a solitary kidney are
- birth defects. People with kidney agenesis are born with only one kidney. People born with kidney dysplasia have both kidneys; however, one kidney does not ... |
What is (are) Solitary Kidney ? | The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid. The urine flows from the kidneys to ... |
What to do for Solitary Kidney ? | People with a solitary kidney do not need to eat a special diet. However, people with reduced kidney function may need to make changes to their diet to slow the progression of kidney disease. More information about recommended dietary changes is provided in the NIDDK health topics, Nutrition for Early Chronic Kidney Di... |
What to do for Solitary Kidney ? | - When a person has only one kidney or one working kidney, this kidney is called a solitary kidney. The three main causes of a solitary kidney are birth defects, surgical removal of a kidney, and kidney donation. - In general, people with a solitary kidney lead full, healthy lives. However, some people are more likely... |
What is (are) Anemia of Inflammation and Chronic Disease ? | Anemia is a condition in which a person has a lower than normal number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the red blood cells drops below normal, which prevents the bodys cells from getting enough oxygen. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein that gives blood its red color and lets red blood cells transport... |
What is (are) Anemia of Inflammation and Chronic Disease ? | Anemia of inflammation and chronic disease is a type of anemia that commonly occurs with chronic, or long term, illnesses or infections. Cancer and inflammatory disorders, in which abnormal activation of the immune system occurs, can also cause AI/ACD.
AI/ACD is easily confused with iron-deficiency ane... |
Who is at risk for Anemia of Inflammation and Chronic Disease? ? | While AI/ACD can affect people at any age, older adults are especially at risk because they have the highest rates of chronic disease. AI/ACD is also common among hospitalized patients, particularly those with chronic illnesses.
More than 130 million Americans live with at least one chronic illness.2 A... |
What causes Anemia of Inflammation and Chronic Disease ? | Anemia of inflammation and chronic disease is caused by red blood cells not functioning normally, so they cannot absorb and use iron efficiently. In addition, the body cannot respond normally to erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone made by the kidneys that stimulates bone marrow to produce red blood cells. Over time, this a... |
What are the symptoms of Anemia of Inflammation and Chronic Disease ? | Anemia of inflammation and chronic disease typically develops slowly and, because it is usually mild, may cause few or no symptoms. Symptoms of anemia may also be masked by the symptoms of the underlying disease. Sometimes, AI/ACD can cause or contribute to
- fatigue - weakness - pale skin - a fast ... |
How to diagnose Anemia of Inflammation and Chronic Disease ? | To diagnose AI/ACD, a health care provider orders a blood test called a complete blood count (CBC). A blood test involves drawing a persons blood at a health care providers office or commercial facility and sending the sample to a lab for analysis. The CBC includes a measurement of a persons hematocrit, the percentage ... |
What are the treatments for Anemia of Inflammation and Chronic Disease ? | Anemia of inflammation and chronic disease often is not treated separately from the condition with which it occurs. In general, health care providers focus on treating the underlying illness. If this treatment is successful, the anemia usually resolves. For example, antibiotics prescribed for infection and anti-inflamm... |
What to do for Anemia of Inflammation and Chronic Disease ? | People with anemia caused by iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid deficiencies are usually advised to include sources of these nutrients in their diets.
Dietary sources of iron include
- beans - breakfast cereals - chicken - enriched bread - spinach - turkey
Dietary s... |
What to do for Anemia of Inflammation and Chronic Disease ? | - Anemia is a condition in which a person has a lower than normal number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the red blood cells drops below normal, which prevents the bodys cells from getting enough oxygen. - Anemia of inflammation and chronic disease (AI/ACD) is a type of anemia that commonly occurs wi... |
What is (are) What I need to know about Bladder Control for Women ? | Not all bladder control problems are alike. Some problems are caused by weak muscles, while others are caused by damaged nerves. Sometimes the cause may be a medicine that dulls the nerves.
To help solve your problem, your doctor or nurse will try to identify the type of incontinence you have. It may b... |
What causes What I need to know about Bladder Control for Women ? | Urine leakage has many possible causes. |
What is (are) What I need to know about Bladder Control for Women ? | Talking about bladder control problems is not easy for some people. You may feel embarrassed to tell your doctor. But talking about the problem is the first step in finding an answer. Also, you can be sure your doctor has heard it all before. You will not shock or embarrass your doctor or nurse.
... |
What are the treatments for What I need to know about Bladder Control for Women ? | Your doctor will likely offer several treatment choices. Some treatments are as simple as changing some daily habits. Other treatments require taking medicine or using a device. If nothing else seems to work, surgery may help a woman with stress incontinence regain her bladder control.
Talk with your d... |
What are the treatments for Analgesic Nephropathy (Painkillers and the Kidneys) ? | If you have been taking analgesics regularly to control chronic pain, you may be advised to find new ways to treat your pain, such as behavior modification or relaxation techniques. Depending on how much your kidney function has declined, you may be advised to change your diet, limit the fluids you drink, or take medic... |
What is (are) Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronicor long lastingdisease in which the body's immune system attacks the normal components, or cells, of the liver and causes inflammation and liver damage. The immune system normally protects people from infection by identifying and destroying bacteria, viruses, and other potentially harmf... |
What is (are) Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the body's immune system attacks the body's own cells and organs with proteins called autoantibodies; this process is called autoimmunity.
The body's immune system normally makes large numbers of proteins called antibodies to help the body fight off infections... |
What causes Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | A combination of autoimmunity, environmental triggers, and a genetic predisposition can lead to autoimmune hepatitis. |
What is (are) Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Autoimmune hepatitis is classified into several types. Type 1 autoimmune hepatitis is the most common form in North America. Type 1 can occur at any age; however, it most often starts in adolescence or young adulthood. About 70 percent of people with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis are female.1
People with... |
What are the symptoms of Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | The most common symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis are
- fatigue - joint pain - nausea - loss of appetite - pain or discomfort over the liver - skin rashes - dark yellow urine - light-colored stools - jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes
Symptoms of autoimmun... |
How to diagnose Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | A health care provider will make a diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis based on symptoms, a physical exam, blood tests, and a liver biopsy.
A health care provider performs a physical exam and reviews the person's health history, including the use of alcohol and medications that can harm the liver. A pers... |
What are the treatments for Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Treatment for autoimmune hepatitis includes medication to suppress, or slow down, an overactive immune system. Treatment may also include a liver transplant.
Treatment works best when autoimmune hepatitis is diagnosed early. People with autoimmune hepatitis generally respond to standard treatment and t... |
What is (are) Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | People with autoimmune hepatitis and cirrhosis are at risk of developing liver cancer. A health care provider will monitor the person with a regular ultrasound examination of the liver. Ultrasound uses a device, called a transducer, that bounces safe, painless sound waves off organs to create an image of their structur... |
What to do for Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing autoimmune hepatitis. |
What to do for Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | - Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronicor long lastingdisease in which the body's immune system attacks the liver and causes inflammation and damage. - Autoimmune hepatitis is a serious condition that may worsen over time if not treated. Autoimmune hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. - Autoimmune hepatitis... |
What is (are) Diarrhea ? | Diarrhea is loose, watery stools. Having diarrhea means passing loose stools three or more times a day. Acute diarrhea is a common problem that usually lasts 1 or 2 days and goes away on its own.
Diarrhea lasting more than 2 days may be a sign of a more serious problem. Chronic diarrheadiarrhea that la... |
What causes Diarrhea ? | Acute diarrhea is usually caused by a bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection. Chronic diarrhea is usually related to a functional disorder such as irritable bowel syndrome or an intestinal disease such as Crohns disease.
The most common causes of diarrhea include the following:
- Bac... |
What are the symptoms of Diarrhea ? | Diarrhea may be accompanied by cramping, abdominal pain, nausea, an urgent need to use the bathroom, or loss of bowel control. Some infections that cause diarrhea can also cause a fever and chills or bloody stools.
Dehydration
Diarrhea can cause dehydration. Loss of electrolytes throug... |
How to diagnose Diarrhea ? | If acute diarrhea lasts 2 days or less, diagnostic tests are usually not necessary. If diarrhea lasts longer or is accompanied by symptoms such as fever or bloody stools, a doctor may perform tests to determine the cause.
Diagnostic tests to find the cause of diarrhea may include the following:
... |
What are the treatments for Diarrhea ? | In most cases of diarrhea, the only treatment necessary is replacing lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration.
Over-the-counter medicines such as loperamide (Imodium) and bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol and Kaopectate) may help stop diarrhea in adults. However, people with bloody diarrhe... |
What to do for Diarrhea ? | Until diarrhea subsides, avoiding caffeine and foods that are greasy, high in fiber, or sweet may lessen symptoms. These foods can aggravate diarrhea. Some people also have problems digesting lactose during or after a bout of diarrhea. Yogurt, which has less lactose than milk, is often better tolerated. Yogurt with act... |
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