Questions stringlengths 14 191 | Answers stringlengths 6 29k ⌀ |
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what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Small Cell Lung Cancer ? | New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.
Information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website.
Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.
For some patients, taking part ... |
What is (are) Breast Cancer ? | Key Points
- Breast cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the breast. - Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer in American women. - Different factors increase or decrease the risk of breast cancer.
... |
Who is at risk for Breast Cancer? ? | Different factors increase or decrease the risk of breast cancer. Anything that increases your chance of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Anything that decreases your chance of getting a disease is called a protective factor. For information about risk factors and protective factors for breast cancer, see ... |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Breast Cancer ? | Other screening tests are being studied in clinical trials.
Thermography Thermography is a procedure in which a special camera that senses heat is used to record the temperature of the skin that covers the breasts. A computer makes a map of the breast showing the changes in temperature. Tumors c... |
What is (are) Anal Cancer ? | Key Points
- Anal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the anus. - Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of anal cancer. - In the United States, the number of new cases of anal cancer has increased in recent years.
... |
Who is at risk for Anal Cancer? ? | Being infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV) increases the risk of developing anal cancer. Risk factors include the following: - Being infected with human papillomavirus (HPV). - Having many sexual partners. - Having receptive anal intercourse (anal sex). - Being older than 50 years. - Frequen... |
What are the symptoms of Anal Cancer ? | Signs of anal cancer include bleeding from the anus or rectum or a lump near the anus. These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by anal cancer or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following: - Bleeding from the anus or rectum. - Pain or pressure in the area around th... |
How to diagnose Anal Cancer ? | Tests that examine the rectum and anus are used to detect (find) and diagnose anal cancer. The following tests and procedures may be used: - Physical exam and history : An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unus... |
What is the outlook for Anal Cancer ? | Certain factors affect the prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. The prognosis (chance of recovery) depends on the following: - The size of the tumor. - Where the tumor is in the anus. - Whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes. The treatment options depend on the following... |
What are the stages of Anal Cancer ? | Key Points
- After anal cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the anus or to other parts of the body. - There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body. - Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body. - The followi... |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Anal Cancer ? | New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.
This summary section describes treatments that are being studied in clinical trials. It may not mention every new treatment being studied. Information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website. Radiosensitizers Radiose... |
What are the treatments for Anal Cancer ? | Key Points
- There are different types of treatment for patients with anal cancer. - Three types of standard treatment are used: - Radiation therapy - Chemotherapy - Surgery - Having the human immunodeficiency virus can affect treatment of anal cancer. - New types of tre... |
What is (are) Nasopharyngeal Cancer ? | Key Points
- Nasopharyngeal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the nasopharynx. - Ethnic background and being exposed to the Epstein-Barr virus can affect the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer. - Signs of nasopharyngeal cancer include trouble breathing, s... |
Who is at risk for Nasopharyngeal Cancer? ? | Ethnic background and being exposed to the Epstein-Barr virus can affect the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer. Anything that increases your risk of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk factors doesn't mean that you will not get cancer. Talk... |
What are the symptoms of Nasopharyngeal Cancer ? | Signs of nasopharyngeal cancer include trouble breathing, speaking, or hearing. These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by nasopharyngeal cancer or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following: - A lump in the nose or neck. - A sore throat. - Trouble breathing or s... |
How to diagnose Nasopharyngeal Cancer ? | Tests that examine the nose and throat are used to detect (find) and diagnose nasopharyngeal cancer. The following tests and procedures may be used: - Physical exam and history : An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as swollen lymph nodes in the n... |
What is the outlook for Nasopharyngeal Cancer ? | Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following: - The stage of the cancer (whether it affects part of the nasopharynx, involves the whole nasopharynx, or has spread to other places in the body). - ... |
What are the stages of Nasopharyngeal Cancer ? | Key Points
- After nasopharyngeal cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the nasopharynx or to other parts of the body. - There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body. - Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body.... |
What are the treatments for Nasopharyngeal Cancer ? | Key Points
- There are different types of treatment for patients with nasopharyngeal cancer. - Three types of standard treatment are used: - Radiation therapy - Chemotherapy - Surgery - New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials. - Patients may want ... |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Nasopharyngeal Cancer ? | New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.
Information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website.
Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.
For some patients, taking part ... |
What is (are) Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors) ? | Key Points
- Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors form in hormone-making cells (islet cells) of the pancreas. - Pancreatic NETs may or may not cause signs or symptoms. - There are different kinds of functional pancreatic NETs. - Having certain syndromes can increase the risk of pancreatic NETs... |
Who is at risk for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors)? ? | Having certain syndromes can increase the risk of pancreatic NETs. Anything that increases your risk of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk factors doesn't mean that you will not get cancer. Talk with your doctor if you think you may be... |
How to diagnose Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors) ? | Lab tests and imaging tests are used to detect (find) and diagnose pancreatic NETs.
The following tests and procedures may be used: - Physical exam and history : An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else t... |
What is the outlook for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors) ? | Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. Pancreatic NETs can often be cured. The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following: - The type of cancer cell. - Where the tumor is found in the pancreas. - Whether the tumor has spread to more ... |
What are the stages of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors) ? | Key Points
- The plan for cancer treatment depends on where the NET is found in the pancreas and whether it has spread. - There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body. - Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body.
... |
What are the treatments for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors) ? | Key Points
- There are different types of treatment for patients with pancreatic NETs. - Six types of standard treatment are used: - Surgery - Chemotherapy - Hormone therapy - Hepatic arterial occlusion or chemoembolization - Targeted therapy - Supportive care ... |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors) ? | New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.
Information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website.
Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.
For some patients, taking part ... |
What is (are) Kaposi Sarcoma ? | Key Points
- Kaposi sarcoma is a disease in which malignant tumors (cancer) can form in the skin, mucous membranes, lymph nodes, and other organs. - Tests that examine the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract are used to detect (find) and diagnose Kaposi sarcoma. - After Kaposi sarcoma has ... |
How to diagnose Kaposi Sarcoma ? | Tests that examine the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract are used to detect (find) and diagnose Kaposi sarcoma. The following tests and procedures may be used: - Physical exam and history : An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking skin and lymph nodes for signs of disease... |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Kaposi Sarcoma ? | New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.
This summary section describes treatments that are being studied in clinical trials. It may not mention every new treatment being studied. Information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website. Targeted therapy Targete... |
What are the treatments for Kaposi Sarcoma ? | Key Points
- There are different types of treatment for patients with Kaposi sarcoma. - Treatment of epidemic Kaposi sarcoma combines treatment for Kaposi sarcoma with treatment for AIDS. - Four types of standard treatment are used to treat Kaposi sarcoma: - Radiation therapy - Sur... |
What is (are) Lung Cancer ? | Key Points
- Lung cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the lung. - Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women.
Lung cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form ... |
How to prevent Lung Cancer ? | Key Points
- Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors may help prevent lung cancer. - The following are risk factors for lung cancer: - Cigarette, cigar, and pipe smoking - Secondhand smoke - Family history - HIV infection - Environmental risk factors -... |
Who is at risk for Lung Cancer? ? | Key Points
- Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors may help prevent lung cancer. - The following are risk factors for lung cancer: - Cigarette, cigar, and pipe smoking - Secondhand smoke - Family history - HIV infection - Environmental risk factors -... |
What is (are) Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma ? | Key Points
- Thymoma and thymic carcinoma are diseases in which malignant (cancer) cells form on the outside surface of the thymus. - Thymoma is linked with myasthenia gravis and other autoimmune diseases. - Signs and symptoms of thymoma and thymic carcinoma include a cough and chest pain. ... |
What are the symptoms of Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma ? | Signs and symptoms of thymoma and thymic carcinoma include a cough and chest pain. Thymoma and thymic carcinoma may not cause early signs or symptoms. The cancer may be found during a routine chest x-ray. Signs and symptoms may be caused by thymoma, thymic carcinoma, or other conditions. Check with your doctor if you h... |
How to diagnose Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma ? | Tests that examine the thymus are used to detect (find) thymoma or thymic carcinoma. The following tests and procedures may be used: - Physical exam and history : An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual. A... |
What is the outlook for Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma ? | Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following: - The stage of the cancer. - The type of cancer cell. - Whether the tumor can be removed completely by surgery. - The patient's general health... |
What are the stages of Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma ? | Key Points
- Tests done to detect thymoma or thymic carcinoma are also used to stage the disease. - There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body. - Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body. - The following stages are used for thymoma: - Stage I -... |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma ? | New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.
This summary section describes treatments that are being studied in clinical trials. It may not mention every new treatment being studied. Information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website.
... |
What are the treatments for Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma ? | Key Points
- There are different types of treatment for patients with thymoma and thymic carcinoma. - Four types of standard treatment are used: - Surgery - Radiation therapy - Chemotherapy - Hormone therapy - New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials. ... |
What is (are) Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia ? | Key Points
- Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia is a childhood disease in which too many myelocytes and monocytes (immature white blood cells) are made in the bone marrow. - Signs and symptoms of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia include fever, weight loss, and feeling very tired. - Certain facto... |
What are the symptoms of Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia ? | Signs and symptoms of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia include fever, weight loss, and feeling very tired. These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by JMML or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following: - Fever for no known reason. - Having infections, such as bronc... |
What is the outlook for Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia ? | Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options for JMML depend on the following: - The age of the child at diagnosis. - The number of platelets in the blood. - The amount of a certain type of hemoglobin in red blood cel... |
What are the treatments for Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia ? | Treatment of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) may include the following: - Combination chemotherapy. - Stem cell transplant. - 13-cis-retinoic acid therapy. - A clinical trial of a new treatment, such as targeted therapy. Check the list of NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are ... |
What is (are) Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia ? | Key Points
- Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia is a disease in which too many myelocytes and monocytes (immature white blood cells) are made in the bone marrow. - Older age and being male increase the risk of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. - Signs and symptoms of chronic myelomonocytic leukemi... |
Who is at risk for Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia? ? | Older age and being male increase the risk of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Anything that increases your chance of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Possible risk factors for CMML include the following: - Older age. - Being male. - Being exposed to certain substances at work or in the environm... |
What are the symptoms of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia ? | Signs and symptoms of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia include fever, weight loss, and feeling very tired. These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by CMML or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following: - Fever for no known reason. - Infection. - Feeling very tire... |
What is the outlook for Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia ? | Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options for CMML depend on the following: - The number of white blood cells or platelets in the blood or bone marrow. - Whether the patient is anemic. - The amount of blasts in the... |
What are the treatments for Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia ? | Treatment of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) may include the following: - Chemotherapy with one or more agents. - Stem cell transplant. - A clinical trial of a new treatment. Check the list of NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are now accepting patients with chronic myelomonocytic ... |
What is (are) Primary Myelofibrosis ? | Key Points
- Primary myelofibrosis is a disease in which abnormal blood cells and fibers build up inside the bone marrow. - Symptoms of primary myelofibrosis include pain below the ribs on the left side and feeling very tired. - Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatme... |
What are the symptoms of Primary Myelofibrosis ? | Symptoms of primary myelofibrosis include pain below the ribs on the left side and feeling very tired. Primary myelofibrosis often does not cause early signs or symptoms. It may be found during a routine blood test. Signs and symptoms may be caused by primary myelofibrosis or by other conditions. Check with your doctor... |
What is the outlook for Primary Myelofibrosis ? | Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options for primary myelofibrosis. Prognosis (chance of recovery) depends on the following: - The age of the patient. - The number of abnormal red blood cells and white blood cells. - The number of blasts in the blood. - Whether there ... |
What are the treatments for Primary Myelofibrosis ? | Treatment of primary myelofibrosis in patients without signs or symptoms is usually watchful waiting. Patients with primary myelofibrosis may have signs or symptoms of anemia. Anemia is usually treated with transfusion of red blood cells to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. In addition, anemia may be tre... |
What is (are) Parathyroid Cancer ? | Key Points
- Parathyroid cancer is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of a parathyroid gland. - Having certain inherited disorders can increase the risk of developing parathyroid cancer. - Signs and symptoms of parathyroid cancer include weakness, feeling tir... |
Who is at risk for Parathyroid Cancer? ? | Having certain inherited disorders can increase the risk of developing parathyroid cancer. Anything that increases the chance of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Risk factors for parathyroid cancer include the following rare disorders that are inherited (passed down from parent to child): - Familial... |
What are the symptoms of Parathyroid Cancer ? | Signs and symptoms of parathyroid cancer include weakness, feeling tired, and a lump in the neck. Most parathyroid cancer signs and symptoms are caused by the hypercalcemia that develops. Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia include the following: - Weakness. - Feeling very tired. - Nausea and vomiting. ... |
How to diagnose Parathyroid Cancer ? | Tests that examine the neck and blood are used to detect (find) and diagnose parathyroid cancer. Once blood tests are done and hyperparathyroidism is diagnosed, imaging tests may be done to help find which of the parathyroid glands is overactive. Sometimes the parathyroid glands are hard to find and imaging tests are d... |
What is the outlook for Parathyroid Cancer ? | Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following: - Whether the calcium level in the blood can be controlled. - The stage of the cancer. - Whether the tumor and the capsule around the tumor can be... |
What are the stages of Parathyroid Cancer ? | Key Points
- After parathyroid cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body. - There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body. - Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body. - There is no standard sta... |
What are the treatments for Parathyroid Cancer ? | Key Points
- There are different types of treatment for patients with parathyroid cancer. - Treatment includes control of hypercalcemia (too much calcium in the blood) in patients who have an overactive parathyroid gland. - Four types of standard treatment are used: - Surgery - R... |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Parathyroid Cancer ? | New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.
Information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website.
Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.
For some patients, taking part ... |
What is (are) Liver (Hepatocellular) Cancer ? | Key Points
- Liver cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the liver. - Liver cancer is not common in the United States. - Being infected with certain types of the hepatitis virus can cause hepatitis and increase the risk of liver cancer. - Hepatiti... |
Who is at risk for Liver (Hepatocellular) Cancer? ? | Being infected with certain types of the hepatitis virus can cause hepatitis and increase the risk of liver cancer.
Hepatitis is most commonly caused by the hepatitis virus. Hepatitis is a disease that causes inflammation (swelling) of the liver. Damage to the liver from hepatitis that lasts a long ... |
How to prevent Liver (Hepatocellular) Cancer ? | Key Points
- Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors may help prevent cancer. - The following risk factors may increase the risk of liver cancer: - Hepatitis B and C - Cirrhosis - Aflatoxin - The following protective factor may decrease the risk of liver can... |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Liver (Hepatocellular) Cancer ? | Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer.
Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to lower the risk of developing certain types of cancer. Some cancer prevention trials are conducted with healthy people who have not had cancer but who have an increa... |
What is (are) Skin Cancer ? | Key Points
- Skin cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the skin. - There are different types of cancer that start in the skin. - Skin color and being exposed to sunlight can increase the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer and actinic keratosis. - Nonme... |
Who is at risk for Skin Cancer? ? | Skin color and being exposed to sunlight can increase the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer and actinic keratosis. Anything that increases your chance of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk factors doesnt mean that you will not get cancer... |
How to diagnose Skin Cancer ? | Tests or procedures that examine the skin are used to detect (find) and diagnose nonmelanoma skin cancer and actinic keratosis. The following procedures may be used: - Skin exam: A doctor or nurse checks the skin for bumps or spots that look abnormal in color, size, shape, or texture. - Skin biopsy : All o... |
What is the outlook for Skin Cancer ? | Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. The prognosis (chance of recovery) depends mostly on the stage of the cancer and the type of treatment used to remove the cancer. Treatment options depend on the following: - The stage of the cancer (whether it has spread deeper into... |
What are the stages of Skin Cancer ? | Key Points
- After nonmelanoma skin cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the skin or to other parts of the body. - There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body. - Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body. -... |
What are the treatments for Skin Cancer ? | Key Points
- There are different types of treatment for patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer and actinic keratosis. - Six types of standard treatment are used: - Surgery - Radiation therapy - Chemotherapy - Photodynamic therapy - Biologic therapy - Targeted therap... |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Skin Cancer ? | New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.
Information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website.
Treatment for skin cancer may cause side effects.
For information about side effects caused by tr... |
What is (are) Breast Cancer ? | Key Points
- Breast cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the breast. - A family history of breast cancer and other factors increase the risk of breast cancer. - Breast cancer is sometimes caused by inherited gene mutations (changes). - The use of c... |
Who is at risk for Breast Cancer? ? | A family history of breast cancer and other factors increase the risk of breast cancer.
Anything that increases your chance of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk factors doesn't mean that you will not get cancer. Ta... |
How to prevent Breast Cancer ? | The use of certain medicines and other factors decrease the risk of breast cancer. Anything that decreases your chance of getting a disease is called a protective factor. Protective factors for breast cancer include the following: - Taking any of the following: - Estrogen-only hormone th... |
Is Breast Cancer inherited ? | Breast cancer is sometimes caused by inherited gene mutations (changes). The genes in cells carry the hereditary information that is received from a persons parents. Hereditary breast cancer makes up about 5% to 10% of all breast cancer. Some mutated genes related to breast cancer are more common in certain ethnic grou... |
What are the symptoms of Breast Cancer ? | Signs of breast cancer include a lump or change in the breast. These and other signs may be caused by breast cancer or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following: - A lump or thickening in or near the breast or in the underarm area. - A change in the size or shape of the bre... |
How to diagnose Breast Cancer ? | Tests that examine the breasts are used to detect (find) and diagnose breast cancer.
Check with your doctor if you notice any changes in your breasts. The following tests and procedures may be used: - Physical exam and history : An exam of the body to check general signs of health, includi... |
What is the outlook for Breast Cancer ? | Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following: - The stage of the cancer (the size of the tumor and whether it is in the breast only or has spread to lymph nodes or other places in the body). - The... |
What are the stages of Breast Cancer ? | Key Points
- After breast cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the breast or to other parts of the body. - There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body. - Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body. - The fol... |
What are the treatments for Breast Cancer ? | Key Points
- There are different types of treatment for patients with breast cancer. - Five types of standard treatment are used: - Surgery - Radiation therapy - Chemotherapy - Hormone therapy - Targeted therapy - New types of treatment are being tested in clini... |
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Breast Cancer ? | New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.
This summary section describes treatments that are being studied in clinical trials. It may not mention every new treatment being studied. Information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website. High-dose chemotherapy with ... |
What is (are) Polycythemia Vera ? | Key Points
- Polycythemia vera is a disease in which too many red blood cells are made in the bone marrow. - Symptoms of polycythemia vera include headaches and a feeling of fullness below the ribs on the left side. - Special blood tests are used to diagnose polycythemia vera.
... |
What are the symptoms of Polycythemia Vera ? | Symptoms of polycythemia vera include headaches and a feeling of fullness below the ribs on the left side. Polycythemia vera often does not cause early signs or symptoms. It may be found during a routine blood test. Signs and symptoms may occur as the number of blood cells increases. Other conditions may cause the same... |
How to diagnose Polycythemia Vera ? | Special blood tests are used to diagnose polycythemia vera. In addition to a complete blood count, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, and cytogenetic analysis, a serum erythropoietin test is used to diagnose polycythemia vera. In this test, a sample of blood is checked for the level of erythropoietin (a hormone that st... |
What are the treatments for Polycythemia Vera ? | The purpose of treatment for polycythemia vera is to reduce the number of extra blood cells. Treatment of polycythemia vera may include the following: - Phlebotomy. - Chemotherapy with or without phlebotomy. - Biologic therapy using interferon alfa or pegylated interferon alpha. - Low-dose as... |
What is (are) AIDS-Related Lymphoma ? | Key Points
- AIDS-related lymphoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the lymph system of patients who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). - There are many different types of lymphoma. - Signs of AIDS-related lymphoma include weight loss, fever, and night sweats... |
What are the symptoms of AIDS-Related Lymphoma ? | Signs of AIDS-related lymphoma include weight loss, fever, and night sweats. These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by AIDS-related lymphoma or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following: - Weight loss or fever for no known reason. - Night sweats. - Painless, sw... |
How to diagnose AIDS-Related Lymphoma ? | Tests that examine the lymph system and other parts of the body are used to help detect (find) and diagnose AIDS-related lymphoma. The following tests and procedures may be used: - Physical exam and history : An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such a... |
What is the outlook for AIDS-Related Lymphoma ? | Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following: - The stage of the cancer. - The age of the patient. - The number of CD4 lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) in the blood. - The number of... |
What are the stages of AIDS-Related Lymphoma ? | Key Points
- After AIDS-related lymphoma has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the lymph system or to other parts of the body. - There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body. - Stages of AIDS-related lymphoma may include E and S. - The fo... |
What are the treatments for AIDS-Related Lymphoma ? | Key Points
- There are different types of treatment for patients with AIDS-related lymphoma. - Treatment of AIDS-related lymphoma combines treatment of the lymphoma with treatment for AIDS. - Four types of standard treatment are used: - Chemotherapy - Radiation therapy - High... |
What is (are) Retinoblastoma ? | Key Points
- Retinoblastoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the retina. - Retinoblastoma occurs in heritable and nonheritable forms. - Treatment for both forms of retinoblastoma should include genetic counseling. - Children with a family history of re... |
Is Retinoblastoma inherited ? | Retinoblastoma occurs in heritable and nonheritable forms.
A child is thought to have the heritable form of retinoblastoma when one of the following is true: - There is a family history of retinoblastoma. - There is a certain mutation (change) in the RB1 gene. The mutation in the RB1 gene... |
Who is at risk for Retinoblastoma? ? | A child who has heritable retinoblastoma has an increased risk of trilateral retinoblastoma and other cancers. A child with heritable retinoblastoma has an increased risk of a pineal tumor in the brain. When retinoblastoma and a brain tumor occur at the same time, it is called trilateral retinoblastoma. The brain tumor... |
What are the symptoms of Retinoblastoma ? | These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by retinoblastoma or by other conditions. Check with a doctor if your child has any of the following: - Pupil of the eye appears white instead of red when light shines into it. This may be seen in flash photographs of the child. - Eyes appear to be looking in... |
How to diagnose Retinoblastoma ? | The following tests and procedures may be used: - Physical exam and history : An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual. A history of the patients health habits and past illnesses and treatments will also be... |
What is the outlook for Retinoblastoma ? | The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following: - Whether the cancer is in one or both eyes. - The size and number of tumors. - Whether the tumor has spread to the area around the eye, to the brain, or to other parts of the body. - Whether there are symptoms at the tim... |
What are the stages of Retinoblastoma ? | Key Points
- After retinoblastoma has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the eye or to other parts of the body. - The International Retinoblastoma Staging System (IRSS) may be used for staging retinoblastoma. - Stage 0 - Stage I - Stage... |
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